Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Si
De
distinto
grupo
de
Incop.
coexisten
Si
No
coexisten
Mismo
grupo
de
Incop.
Estabilidad
0 Control de la replicación vs tasa de crecimiento del huésped.
Agarose gel
Vector
0 Es
un
agente
que
puede
llevar
un
fragmento
de
ADN
en
una
células
huésped.
0 Si
es
usado
para
la
reproducción
de
fragmentos
de
ADN
es
llamado
"cloning
vector".
Promotor
Site
Origin of
Replication
Antibiotic
Resistance Multiple
Gene Cloning
Site
0 typical
plasmid
vector. It
contains
a
polylinker
which
can
recognize
several
different
restriction
enzymes,
an
ampicillin-‐‑resistance
gene
(ampr)
for
selective
amplification,
and
a
replication
origin
(ORI)
for
proliferation
in
the
host
cell.
Vector
ori
The plasmid pBR322 is one of the most commonly used E.coli cloning vectors. pBR322 is 4361 bp in
length and contains: (1) the replicon rep responsible for the replication of plasmid (source – plasmid
pMB1);; (2) rop gene coding for the Rop protein, which promotes conversion of the unstable RNA I –
RNA II complex to a stable complex and serves to decrease copy number (source – plasmid pMB1);; (3)
bla gene, coding for beta-lactamase that confers resistance to ampicillin (source – transposon Tn3);; (4)
tet gene, encoding tetracycline resistance protein (source – plasmid pSC101).
pUC18/19
pUC18 and pUC19 vectors are small, high copy number, E.coli plasmids,
2686 bp in length. They are identical except that they contain multiple
cloning sites (MCS) arranged in opposite orientations. pUC18/19 plasmids
contain: (1) the pMB1 replicon rep responsible for the replication of
plasmid (source – plasmid pBR322). The high copy number of pUC
plasmids is a result of the lack of the rop gene and a single point mutation
in rep of pMB1;; (2) bla gene, coding for beta-lactamase that confers
resistance to ampicillin (source – plasmid pBR322);; (3) region of E.coli
operon lac containing CAP protein binding site, promoter Plac, lac repressor
binding site and 5’-terminal part of the lacZ gene encoding the N-terminal
fragment of beta-galactosidase (source – M13mp18/19). This fragment,
whose synthesis can be induced by IPTG, is capable of intra-allelic (alfa)
complementation with a defective form of beta-galactosidase encoded by
host (mutation lacZDM15). In the presence of IPTG, bacteria synthesize
both fragments of the enzyme and form blue colonies on media with X-Gal.
Insertion of DNA into the MCS located within the lacZ gene (codons 6-7 of
lacZ are replaced by MCS) inactivates the N-terminal fragment of beta-
galactosidase and abolishes alfa-complementation. Bacteria carrying
recombinant plasmids therefore give rise to white colonies.
pGEM-‐‑3Z
Some
antibiotics
commonly
used
as
selective
agents
Antibiotic Description
Ampicillin (Amp) Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis;; inactivated by b-
lactamase, which cleaves the b-lactam ring of amp
Hygromycin B (HygB)
Kanamycin (Kan) Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein
synthesis;; inactivated by a phosphotransferase
Neomycin (Neo) Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein
synthesis;; inactivated by a phosphotransferase
Streptomycin (Str)
Tetracycline (Tet) Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein
synthesis;; tetr gene encodes a protein which prevents
transport of tet into the cell
Escherichia
coli
K-‐‑12
cepa
huésped
Bacteria
Crecer la bacteria:
1. Medio nutritivo
mRNA
AAAAAA...
TTTTTT...
2)
Mutación
en
el
gen
rec A
(recA1),
gen
involucrado
en
la
recombinación.
Por
lo
tanto
se
LIMITA
la
recombinación
del
plásmidio con
el
genoma
de
la
bacteria
huésped
3)
Cada
una
de
estas
cepas
también
lleva
una
mutación
end A1
que
inactiva
las
nucleasas
que
puedan
ser
co-‐‑purificadas
con
el
plásmidio
Captación de
DNA
0 Transformación
0 La
célula
se
hace
competente
para
captar
DNA
0 Transfección
0 Cuando
se
utiliza
como
vector
de
clonamiento
un
bacteriófago
o
virus,
por
lo
tanto
el
huésped
es
infectado.
0 Electroporación
0 La
célula
es
colocada
en
un
campo
eléctrico.
0 Se
producen
pequeños
poros
en
la
membrana
0 Se
pone
en
contacto
en
DNA
y
las
células.
Células
competentes
Capacidad
de
captar
DNA
foráneo
Membrana es permeable a los iones Cloro pero no a los iones Calcio.
El
influjo
de
agua
hace
que
la
célula
se
hinche
y
de
esta
manera
capte
el
ADN,
acompañado
de
un
golpe
de
calor
de
42
°C
(expresión
de
heat shock
genes),
permiten
que
la
bacteria
sobreviva
a
este
shock
térmico.
Bacteria
TRANSFORMATION
PROCEDURE
Preparación células
competentes
con
CaCl2
Lavado
CaCl2 ShocK térmico
a
Crecimiento
42ºC
Incubación a
0ºC con el
• Permeabilidad
plásmido. • Permite
la
entrada del
• Recuperación
.
de
la
membrana plásmido Sembrado
sobre
agar-‐‑
antibiótico.