PATOLOGÍA

DE
PÁRPADOS
Ponentes:
Hernández Briones Azael.
Martínez Hernández
I rene.
Anatomía
Anatomía
Anatomía
Anatomía
Anatomía
 Anatomía
INERVACIÓN

Sensibilidad: Trigémino
Motor: NC III: Músculo elevador del párpado NCVII: Músculo orbicular
Fibras simpáticas: Músculo de Müeller

LINFÁTICO

Ganglios preauriculares, submaxilares y parotjdeos

 Epicanto

Repliegue vertical cutáneo

que se extiende de la rajz de
la nariz a la cabeza de las cejas
sobre el canto interno
 Blefarofimosis

Asocia una hendidura

palpebral muy estrecha con
ptosis del párpado superior y
epicanto.
 Coloboma

Muesca triangular en el
borde libre del párpado
superior, siendo de tamaño
variable y asentando entre el
tercio interno y el tercio
medio del párpado.
 Blefaroptosis

Es la cajda uni o bilateral

del párpado superior por
aplasia o hipofunción del
músculo elevador del
párpado..
 Disquistiasis

Es la presencia anormal de una

fila de pestañas dirigida hacia
el globo ocular.
 Entropión y
Ectoprión

Es la posición anómala del

párpado vuelto hacia el ojo o
la mejilla por causas
congénitas.
Padecimientos
inflamatorios
 Edema
palpebral

Determinar:

● Inflamatorio
● No inflamatorio
Edema
angioneurótico
de Quincke
 Dermatitis
palpebral

● Inflamación de la capa
cutánea del párpado
 Blefaritis

Inflamación del párpado

• Variable
•Leve: Enrojecimiento del
borde ciliar con prurito y
ardor palpebral
 Blefaritis

Avanzado: Blefaritis
Escamosa

Severa: Blefaritis
ulcerosa
 Blefaritis

En general es un padecimiento de
niños y personas débiles, y suele
desaparecer al mejorar el estado
general.

En adultos: > Irritantes externos, mala

higiene, defectos de refracción no
corregidos y diátesis seborreica
 Blefaritis
TRATAMIENTO

•Niños: Dieta completa y aporte

vitamjnico adecuado; descartar
defecto de refracción y mejorar
higiene.

• A s e o de párpados y aplicar
ungüento. (Antibiótico/Aceites)
 Blefaritis
TRATAMIENTO

Blefaritis ulcerosa

● Humedecer costras con agua

oxigenada y remover
● Cloramfenicol 2 veces al dja
● Sin respuesta: Cauterización
 Orzuelo
“Perillas”

● Externa: Infección purulenta de la

glándula sebácea de Zeis.

● Interna: Infección de la glándula

de Meibomio.
 Orzuelo
TRATAMIENTO

Precoz

●Antibiótico vja oral

Establecido

● Antibiótico vja tópica 2 veces al dja

y fomentos calientes 2-3 veces al dja.
 Orzuelo
TRATAMIENTO

Drenaje:

● Anestesia por infiltración

● Aposito posterior
● Antibiótico tópico
 Chalazión

Infeccion crónica de la glándula de

Meibomio.

Sin sjntomas

En ancianos: Si es muy antiguo,

descartar adenocarcinoma
 Orzuelo

TRATAMIENTO

● Extirpación
Padecimientos
de pestañas
 Triquiasis

Desviación de algunas pestañas hacia

atrás tocando el globo ocular.

Congestión, lagrimeo, fotofobia y

dolor ocular.

Tx: Depilación mal implantadas o qx

 Madarosis

Ausencia total o parcial de

pestañas.
 Poliosis

Canicie de las pestañas

PADECIMIENTOS QUE ALTERAN
LA POSICIÓN DEL PÁRPADO

02 Blefaroesmasmo
01 Entropión

03 Lagoftalmos 04 Ptosis
 ENTROPIÓN

● Inversión hacja adentro del párpado.

● Formas: cicatricial y no cicatricial (espástico).

● Ubicación: párpado inferior.

● Mecanismo de producción:reflejo de cierre palpebral

VARIEDADES

CONGÉNITO O DEL RECIÉN NACIDO

➔ Contractura del hemiorbicular congénito

FORMA CICATRICIAL
➔ Deformación del tarso — inversión del borde ciliar hacia
atrás
CUADRO
CLÍNICO
1. Irritación conjuntival
2. Ardor
3. Congestión
4. Secreción mucosa
5. Irritación corneal
6. Epjfora
7. Fotofobia
8. Dolor
 TRATAMIENTO
1. Protección mecánica: colirio lubricante, ungüento oftálmico.
2. Tracción del párpado (entropión del anciano).
3. Bloqueo del hemiorbicular.
4. Cirugja: en fallo de Tx anterior; definitivo en cicatricial.
5. Cortar pestañas.
 ECTROPIÓN

● Eversión del párpado hacia afuera

● Exposición de la conjuntiva palpebral
● Variedades: senil, paraljtica, cicatricial, espasmósdica
 VARIEDADES
SENIL Cicatricial

Paralítica Espasmódica
CUADRO
CLÍNICO
1. Epjfora
2. Congestión
3. Ardor conjuntival
4. Prurito
5. Sensación de cuerpo extraño
6. Secrecion mucosa
7. Dolor
8. Fotofobia
9. Baja visual
 TRATAMIENTO
1. Cirugja
2. Espasmódico de causa refleja: no Qx
3. Etapas iniciales: Tx mecánico, ungüento antimicrobiano
 LAGOFTALMOS

● Imposibilidad de cerrar la hendidura palpebral

● Causas: parálisis NC VII, mecánicas
● Severidad: imposibilidad de oclusión en vigilia
● Pacientes graves: parcialidad, desecación corneal, ulceración
CUADRO
CLÍNICO
1. Lagrimeo
2. Congestión
3. Ardor
4. Sensación de arenillas
5. Lagañas
6. Dolor
7. Fotofobia
8. Baja visual
 TRATAMIENTO
1. Protección mecánica:gotas de metilcelulosa 0.5%.
2. Ungüento antimicrobiano.
3. Parálisis total: Cx
4. Tarsorrafia o sutura de ambos párpados: coma o lesión cerebral
 PTOSIS

● Cajda del párpado superior

● Uni o bilateral
● Variedades: congénita (nacimiento), adquirida
 VARIEDADES

Congénita ● Simple
● Asociada a oftalmoplejía
● Asociada a otras deformidades
● Sinquinética o paradójica
PTOSIS

● Simple
Adquirida
● Traumática
● Paralítica
● Miogénica
● Mecánica
● Falsa o seudoptosis
 CONTENTS OF THIS
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 Simple

Con oftalmoplejía asociada

Con otras deformidades palpebrales

Sinquinética
Sinquinética

Miogénica
Miogénica

Pseudoptosis
CUADRO
CLÍNICO
1. Cajda del párpado
2. Molestia subjetiva
3. Baja visual
4. Cuadro de compensación
 TRATAMIENTO
1. Simple: cirugja
2. Asociados a otras deformidades: corrección quirúrgica, Cx ptosis
3. Sinquinética: tentotomja
4. Paraljtica:corrección qx del estrabismo paraljtico, corrección ptosis
5. Miastenia: inhibidores de colinesterasa
6. Mecánica: corrección etiológica, casos cicatrizales (qx)
7. Pseudoptosis: qx por razones cosméticas
 TUMORES PALPEBRALES

Quistes Milio Xantelasma

Verrugas Molusco Quiste Angiomas

contagioso dermoide
 Quiste

Milio

Xantelasma

Molusco contagioso
Verruga Quiste dermoide

Angioma
 TUMORES PALPEBRALES
MALIGNOS

Epitelioma de Epitelioma Sarcomas

células de celulas
basales escamosas
Epitelioma de Epitelioma de
células células
basales escamosas

Sarcoma
¡GRACIAS!
 INTRODUCTION
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 OUR
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● They’re simple
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And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss the
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 THEORY AND
PROCESS

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name
to the Sun and the smallest and is the second planet from
one in the Solar System the Sun
HOW WE CELEBRATE NURSES
DAY?
Mars Jupiter
Despite being red, Mars is a It’s the
cold place biggest
planet in
the Solar
Venus System
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun
Saturn
Saturn is a
gas giant
and
has several
rings
 QUICK
FACTS…
Mars Venus Neptune
Mars is actually a very Venus is the second planet It’s the farthest planet
cold place from the Sun from the Sun

Mercury Saturn Jupiter

It’s the closest planet to It’s composed of hydrogen Jupiter is the biggest
the Sun and helium planet of them all
 02
TOP
STORIES
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AWESOME
WORDS
“This is a quote, words full of
wisdom that someone
important said and can make
the reader get inspired.”

—Someone
Famous
A PICTURE IS WORTH
A THOUSAND
WORDS
A PICTURE
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REINFORCES
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CONCEPT
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 4,498
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
9h 55m
23s
Jupiter's rotation period

333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s

386,000 km
distance between Earth and the Moon
 PERCENTAGES

25% 50% 90%

Mercury Mars Venus
It’s the closest planet to Despite being red, Mars is Venus has a beautiful
the Sun and the smallest actually a cold place. It’s name and is the second
in the Solar System full of iron oxide dust planet from the Sun
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 OUR
TEAM

Jenna Doe Timmy Jimmy

You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about
this person here this person here
 AROUND THE
WORLD
Mars
Mars is actually a very
cold place

Neptune
It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun

Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
 CELEBRATION
DAYS
Venus is the second Neptune is very far
planet from the Sun from the Sun

Day2 Day 4
Day 1 Day 3
Mercury is the closest Despite being red,
planet to the Sun Mars is a cold place
 NURSING ASSISTANT’S
ROLE Saturn, the ringed planet, is
composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium

Jupiter Neptune Mars

Earth is also known as Neptune is very far Despite being red, Mars
the blue planet from the Sun is very cold
 TYPES OF
NURSES Mercury
Mercury is the smallest planet in
the Solar System

Earth Jupiter
Earth is also known as It’s a gas giant and the biggest
the blue planet planet in the Solar System

Saturn
Saturn is composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
 JOB
TASK
Day Nurse Task To do Done
Monday Timmy Jimmy Mars is actually a very cold place

Tuesday Jenna Doe Neptune is very far from the Sun

Wednesday Laura Smith Mercury is the smallest planet

Thursday Peter Stuart Saturn is composed of hydrogen

Friday Susan Bones Venus has high temperatures

To do Done
 ONLINE TASK
TRACKING Mars
Mars is actually a very 55%
cold place

Venus
Venus has extremely

35%
high temperatures
90%
Mercury
Mercury
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one is the
here. For more closest
info, click here
planet to the Sun
 BASIC
INFORMATION
Gender Nationality
Venus has a beautiful name and is the Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
second planet from the Sun and the smallest one

Male Female American European

4/10 8/10 50% 75

%
 REGISTERED
NURSES
Pluto
50% Pluto is now considered a
dwarf planet
Neptune
75 Neptune is very far away
% from us
Saturn
20% Saturn is composed
mostly of hydrogen
 PATIENT
CARE
Mars Neptune
Despite being red, Mars It’s the
is actually a cold place farthest
planet
from the Sun

Saturn Mercury
It’s composed of Mercury is the closest
hydrogen and helium planet to the Sun
 TESTIMONIALS

Despite being red, Mars is actually a Earth is the third planet from the
cold place. It's full of iron oxide Sun and the only one that harbors
dust, which gives the planet its life in the Solar System. This is where
reddish cast we all live on

—Susan Bones —Peter Doe

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