Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
HEPATORENAL)
HUANAY MARTINEZ DIEGO
R2 GASTROENTEROLOGIA
EPIDEMIOLOGIA Y DEFINICIONES
• 27-53% de cirróticos descompensados y con ascitis
• 29-44% de mortalidad a los 30 días (pobre pronostico)
AKI
• Predictor negativo independiente para resultados post TH
• En episodios repetidos o severos hay mas riesgo de ERC
Biggins SW,et al. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice
Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021. Aug;74(2):1014-1048.
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J
Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-460.
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J
Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-460.
ESTADIOS DE AKI
Biggins SW,et al. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice
Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021. Aug;74(2):1014-1048.
Hipovolemia (27-50%)
AKI PRERRENAL (68%)
HRS-AKI (15-43%)
¿Como distinguir ambas?
Lipocaina asociada a gelatinasa
de neutrófilos en orina – NGAL,
mejor tomado el dia 3 de Dx
Necrosis tubular aguda (14- (marcador de daño tubular); IL
AKI INTRARRENAL 18, albumina.
35%)
Biggins SW,et al. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice
Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021. Aug;74(2):1014-1048.
FACTORES PRECIPITANTES
Paracentesis
sin
Uso de contraste:
adecuada Infecciones
Debatible
expansión
de volumen
Diuresis Drogas
excesiva por nefrotoxicas,
diureticos AINES
Biggins SW,et al. Diagnosis,
Evaluation, and
Management of Ascites,
Spontaneous Bacterial Aumento de
Peritonitis and Hepatorenal PIA (ascitis a
Syndrome: 2021 Practice tensión) Hemorragia
Guidance by the American incrementa GI
Association for the Study of presión
Liver Diseases. Hepatology. venosa renal
2021. Aug;74(2):1014-1048.
MANEJO
• Discontinuar diuréticos
• Discontinuar betabloqueadores
• Tratar factores precipitantes de AKI, Monitoreo de diuresis
• Screening y tratamiento de infecciones
• Expandir volumen si es apropiado
• Discontinuar nefrotoxicos (vasodilatadores o AINES)
• Reemplazar volumen: Diarrea, diuresis excesiva (cristaloides), Hemorragia GI
(PGs)
• Ascitis a tensión + AKI: Paracentesis terapéutica c/albumina
• De no haber causa obvia + AKI >1A: Albumina 1g /kg (max 100g) por 2 días
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J
Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-460.
SÍNDROME HEPATORENAL (HRS)
Falla renal funcional causada por vasoconstricción
DEFINICION intrarrenal, el cual ocurre en pacientes con
ANTIGUA Enfermedad Hepática terminal, así como en Falla
hepática aguda o Hepatitis alcohólica
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J
Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-460.
FISIOPATOLOGIA
DIAGNOSTICO
Biggins SW,et al. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice
Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021. Aug;74(2):1014-1048.
Biggins SW,et al. Diagnosis,
Evaluation, and Management of
Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial
Peritonitis and Hepatorenal
Syndrome: 2021 Practice Guidance
by the American Association for the
Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology.
2021. Aug;74(2):1014-1048.
TRATAMIENTO DE HRS-AKI
Mejoran Función renal
Vasoconstrictores (terlipresina o
norepinefrina) + Albumina 20-80% de respuesta
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J
Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-460.
Biggins SW,et al. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice
Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021. Aug;74(2):1014-1048.
Infusion EV (0.5mg/h hasta alcanzar
aumento de PAM 10 o de flujo
Norepinefrina 200cc/4h) aumentar hasta 3 mg si no
es alcanzado alguno de ellos
No recomendado, no
evidencia
TIPS
Podria ser útil en HRS-NAKI
(ascitis refractaria)
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J
Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-460.
Biggins SW,et al. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice
Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021. Aug;74(2):1014-1048.
Ultima opción de terapia para
TRANSPLANTE HEPATICO
HRS-AKI
Controversial
TERAPIA DE REEMPLAZO Reservado para candidatos a
RENAL trasplante como puente a TH, si
hay criterios de diálisis.
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J
Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-460.
RECAIDA Hasta 20% de
casos, reiniciar
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J
Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-460.
PREVENCION DE SHR y AKI
• Uso de albumina en pacientes con PBE
• Prevención de PBE usando Norfloxacino
• Prevención de Hemorragia GI
• Evitar PGV sin administración de albumina
• Albumina en cirróticos con otras infecciones bacterianas NO previene
HRS-AKI o mejora supervivencia
Biggins SW,et al. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice
Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021. Aug;74(2):1014-1048.