Diabetes

Mellitus
PROCESOS PATOLOGICOS Y NUTRICIÓN

LICENCIATURA EN NUTRICIÓN

KARIME CORDERO GARCÍA

MONSERRAT HERNÁNDEZ ARREOLA

CUARTO SEMESTRE SECCIÓN A

¿Qué es la diabetes
mellitus?
La diabetes es una enfermedad que se presenta
cuando el nivel de glucosa en la sangre, también
conocido como azúcar en la sangre, es demasiado
alto.

La glucosa en la sangre es la principal fuente de

energía y proviene de los alimentos.

HORMONA QUE REGULA LA GLUCOSA EN

SANGRE:
La insulina, una hormona que produce el
páncreas, ayuda a que la glucosa de los alimentos
 Etiología
Tipos de diabetes

Tipo 1
Tipo 2
Diabetes gestacional.
 Diabetes tipo
1
Con la diabetes tipo 1, el cuerpo no
produce insulina porque el sistema
inmunitario ataca y destruye las
células del páncreas que la
producen. Por lo general, se
diagnostica la diabetes tipo 1 en
ninos y adultos jóvenes, aunque
puede aparecer a cualquier edad.
Diabetes tipo
2 Con la diabetes tipo 2, el cuerpo no
produce o no usa la insulina
adecuadamente. La diabetes tipo 2
puede aparecer a cualquier edad,
incluso durante la infancia. Sin
embargo, este tipo de diabetes se
presenta con mayor frecuencia en
las personas de mediana edad y en
los ancianos.
 Diabetes gestacional
La diabetes gestacional afecta a
algunas mujeres durante el
embarazo. La mayoría de las veces,
este tipo de diabetes desaparece
después de que nazca el bebé. Sin
embargo, cuando una mujer ha
tenido diabetes gestacional, tiene
más probabilidad de sufrir de
diabetes tipo 2 más adelante en la
 Fisiopatología
Diabetes tipo 1
La diabetes tipo 1, inicia comúnmente desde la infancia y se considera una
enfermedad inflamatoria crónica causada por la destrucción específica de las
células β en los islotes de Langerhans del páncreas.
Fisiopatología
Diabetes tipo 2
Las causas que desencadenan la diabetes
tipo 2 se desconocen en el 70-85% de los
pacientes; al parecer, influyen diversos
factores como la herencia poligénica (en la
que participa un número indeterminado de
genes), junto con factores de riesgo que
incluyen la obesidad, dislipidemia,
hipertensión arterial, historia familiar de
diabetes, dieta rica en carbohidratos,
factores hormonales y una vida sedentaria.
 Cuadro clínico
Aumento de sed

Llagas

Infecciones frecuentes

Perdida de peso

Hambre excesiva
 Diagnostico
medico
Prueba de hemoglobina glucosilada (A1C):
Este análisis de sangre, que no requiere
ayuno, indica tu nivel de glucosa sanguínea
promedio en los últimos dos a tres meses.

• Por debajo del 5,7 por ciento se considera

normal.
• Entre 5,7 y 6,4 por ciento se diagnostica como
prediabetes.
• 6,5 - 7 por ciento o más en dos pruebas
distintas se considera diabetes.
Diagnostico
medico
Examen de glucemia en ayunas. Se toma
una muestra de sangre después de una
noche de ayuno. Los resultados se
interpretan de la siguiente manera:

• Menos de 100 mg/dL (5,6 mmol/L) se

considera normal.
• Entre 100 y 125 mg/dL (5,6 a
6,9 mmol/L) se diagnostica como
prediabetes.
• 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) o más en dos
pruebas distintas se diagnostica como
 Tratamiento
medico
• DIABETES TIPO 1:
La insulina es el único tratamiento de este
tipo de diabetes.

• DIABETES TIPO 2:
Alimentación saludable
Hacer ejercicio de forma regular
Pérdida de peso
Posiblemente, medicamentos para la
diabetes (Metformina) o tratamiento con
insulina.
Control de la glucosa sanguínea
Diabetes
Tratamiento
nutricional
 Diabetes infographic
Main types Organs affected Prevention

It’s the fifth planet from the sun It’s a gas giant with a radius of
and the largest in the solar system about nine times that on Earth

Symptoms Treatment

It’s the fourth planet from the sun It’s the eighth and farthest-known
and it’s a cold place solar planet from the sun
Diabetes infographic

Jupiter Venus
Jupiter is the biggest It’s the closest planet
planet of them all of the sun

Neptune Earth
It’s the farthest planet It’s the third planet
from the sun from the sun

Saturn Mars
It’s a gas giant and has Despite being red, it’s
several rings actually a cold place
 Diabetes infographic

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

Jupiter is the biggest It’s a gas giant and has It’s the farthest planet
planet of them all several rings from the sun

Venus Mars
It’s the closest planet Despite being red, it’s
of the sun actually a cold place
 Diabetes infographic

Jupiter Venus
Jupiter is the biggest It’s the closest planet
planet of them all of the sun

Neptune Earth
It’s the farthest planet It’s the third planet
from the sun from the sun

Saturn Mars
It’s a gas giant and has Despite being red, it’s
several rings actually a cold place
 Diabetes infographic

Earth
It’s the third planet
from the sun

Jupiter Mars Neptune

Jupiter is the biggest Despite being red, it’s It’s the farthest planet Diabetes data
planet of them all actually a cold place from the sun

1995
60%
Saturn 2000
It’s a gas giant with 88%
an average radius 2005
2000 2005 2010 2015
of about nine 30% Venus is the
times that on Earth 2010 closest planet Uranus is the seventh
46% to the sun planet from the Sun
 Diabetes infographic
Jupiter Venus
Jupiter is the biggest It’s the closest planet
planet of them all of the sun

Neptune Earth
It’s the farthest planet It’s the third planet
from the sun from the sun

Saturn Mars
It’s a gas giant and has Despite being red, it’s
several rings actually a cold place
 Diabetes infographic

2 4
Mars Venus
Despite being red, it’s Venus is the closest
actually a cold place planet to the sun

1 3 5
Jupiter Saturn Neptune
Jupiter is the biggest It’s a gas giant and has It’s the farthest planet
planet of them all several rings from the sun
 Diabetes infographic

2.9M TREATMENT

Jupiter is the biggest

planet of them all

Saturn
Earth is the only Venus is the It’s a gas giant and has
known planet to closest planet to several rings
harbor life the sun

AREAS AFFECTED
Neptune
It’s the farthest planet from
the sun
Kidney Heart Sight Brain Feet Ears
 Diabetes infographic
Venus
It’s the closest 1
planet to the sun

Mars
2 It’s actually a really
cold place

Earth
Earth is the third 3
planet from the sun

Jupiter
4 It’s the biggest
planet of them all

Neptune
It’s the farthest 5
planet from the sun
 Diabetes infographic

Symptoms Treatment

Dizziness Take medicine

It’s the closest planet Earth is the third
to the sun planet from the sun

Fatigue Eat healthy

Earth is the third It’s the farthest planet
planet from the sun from the sun

Weight loss Monitor

It’s the farthest planet It’s a gas giant and
from the sun has several rings
 Diabetes infographic
Jupiter Neptune
Jupiter is the biggest It’s the closest planet
planet of them all of the sun

Mars Earth

Avoid

Enjoy
It’s the farthest planet It’s the third planet
from the sun from the sun

Saturn Venus
It’s a gas giant and Despite being red, it’s
has several rings actually a cold place
 Diabetes infographic

Venus
It’s the closest
planet to the sun

Mars
It’s actually a really
cold place
Earth
Earth is the third
planet from the sun

Jupiter
It’s the biggest
planet of them all
Neptune
It’s the farthest
planet from the sun
 Diabetes infographic

Earth
Saturn
Earth is the third
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun planet from the sun
and the second-largest in the Solar
75 System, after Jupiter.
%
Neptune
It’s the farthest
planet from the sun
65%
Jupiter 40%
50%
40%
30%
It’s the fifth planet from Venus
the sun and the largest
in the solar system It’s the closest
planet to the sun
 Diabetes infographic
33% 25%
Jupiter is the biggest It’s the closest planet
planet of them all of the sun

14% 28%
It’s the farthest planet It’s the third planet
from the sun from the sun

14% 14%
It’s a gas giant and has Despite being red, it’s
several rings actually a cold place

What is diabetes?
Saturn is the sixth planet from the
Sun and the second-largest in the
Solar System, after Jupiter.
Diabetes infographic
How is it diagnosed? What are the symptoms?
Saturn is the sixth planet from the
Sun and the second-largest in the
Solar System, after Jupiter.
Fatigue Tingling
No healing Weight lose
 Diabetes infographic

Saturn
25%
INSULI

It’s a gas giant with an average radius

of about nine times that on Earth
N

Jupiter
It’s the fifth planet from the sun and 75%
the largest in the solar system
 Diabetes infographic

SYMPTOMS DIABETES STATS

Slow healing Sweating

It’s a gas giant with an average radius of

about nine times that on Earth

Venus

Saturn
Sugar control Thirst
Mars
 Diabetes infographic

55% Symptoms

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and

the second-largest in the Solar System, 50% 65% 75%
after Jupiter. Weight loss Thirst Fatigue

Prevention and treatment Illness increase

1995 60%
2000 40%
2005 70%
Healthy food Exercise Insulin 2010 20%
 Diabetes infographic
Affects of Diabetes Percentages

Eye disease
75% 50%

Heart disease Jupiter Saturn

Kidney disease
Saturn
70%
Jupiter
Nerve damage 90%
Venus
55%
Feet damage Uranus
75%
 Diabetes infographic
Saturn Neptune
It’s a gas giant with an It’s the eighth and
average radius of about farthest-known solar
nine times that on Earth planet from the sun

Jupiter Mars
It’s the fifth planet from It’s the fourth planet
the sun and the largest from the sun and it’s
in the solar system a cold place

Saturn
Venus
Venus Venus is the second,
closest and brightest
planet from the sun
Uranus
 Diabetes infographic
14% Saturn
A
33% Venus Saturn is the sixth planet
25% from the Sun and the
Mars second-largest in the Solar
System, after Jupiter.
28% Pluto
0 B

It’s a gas giant and It’s the farthest Jupiter is the biggest Venus is the closest
has several rings planet to the sun planet of them planet of the sun
 Diabetes infographic
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest Prevention
planet of them all

Neptune
It’s the farthest planet
Pluto is the ninth Uranus is seventh
from the sun
planet from the sun planet from the sun

Saturn
It’s a gas giant and Treatment
has several rings

Venus
Venus is the closest
Despite being red, it’s It’s the biggest planet
planet of the sun
actually a cold place of them all
 Diabetes infographic

Saturn Jupiter
It’s a gas giant and has Jupiter is the biggest
several rings planet of them all

Uranus Mars
Uranus is the seventh It’s a gas giant and has
planet from the Sun several rings

Earth Venus
It’s the third planet Venus is the closest
from the sun planet of the sun
 Diabetes infographic
Symptoms Prevention

Wounds heal High blood Weight Healthy Exercise

slowly sugar

Treatment

Always Extreme
thirsty fatigue Insuline Medicine Control
 Diabetes infographic
Hydration Type
Jupiter is the biggest Venus is the closest
planet of them all planet of the sun

Evolution Medicine
It’s the farthest planet Uranus is seventh
from the sun planet from the sun

World Stats Diet

It’s a gas giant and Pluto is the ninth
has several rings planet from the sun
 Diabetes infographic

Jupiter
It’s the fifth planet from
the sun and the largest
in the solar system

Mars
25% It’s the fourth planet

5.8 75%
from the sun and it’s a
cold place

Saturn
It’s a gas giant with an
average radius of about
nine times that on Earth
 Diabetes infographic

Jupiter 8.5 Venus

Jupiter is the biggest Venus is the closest
planet of them all planet of the sun

Neptune Uranus
It’s the farthest planet Uranus is seventh
from the sun planet from the sun