PREVENCION

DEL DENGUE
¿QUÉ ES EL DENGUE?
El dengue es una enfermedad viral transmitida por la picadura de un
mosquito del género Aedes infectado con el virus del dengue. En las
Américas, el vector principal responsable de la trasmisión del Dengue
y otros Arbovirus es el Aedes aegypti.
 Características clínicas

El dengue es una enfermedad febril que afecta a lactantes, niños y adultos.

La infección puede ser asintomática, o cursar con síntomas que van desde
una fiebre moderada a una fiebre alta incapacitante, con dolor de cabeza
intenso, dolor retroocular, dolor muscular y en las articulaciones, y
exantema. La enfermedad puede evolucionar a dengue grave,
caracterizado por choque, dificultad para respirar, sangrado grave y/o
complicaciones graves de los órganos.
Síntomas
Fiebre
• Acompañada de uno o más de los
siguientes síntomas:
- Dolor retroocular
- Dolor de cabeza
- Dolores musculares y articulares
- Náuseas y vómitos
- Fatiga o cansancio extremo
- Aparición de manchas en la piel y
picazón
- Sangrado de nariz y encías
“Los factores individuales de riesgo
pueden determinar también la gravedad de
la enfermedad e incluyen además de la
infección previa, la edad (menores de 5 y
mayores de 65 años), enfermedades
crónicas (asma bronquial,
inmunosupresión, diabetes) y personas
gestantes. ”
Fases de la
enfermedad
Fase febril

Dengue sin signos de alarma: la enfermedad puede

manifestarse como un "síndrome febril inespecífico". Los
pacientes desarrollan fiebre alta y repentina. Esta fase febril
aguda dura de 2 a 7 días y suele acompañarse de
enrojecimiento facial, eritema, dolor corporal generalizado,
mialgias, artralgias, cefalea y dolor retroocular. Pueden
presentarse manifestaciones hemorrágicas menores, como
petequias y equimosis en la piel. Los pacientes que mejoran
después de que baja la fiebre, se consideran casos de
dengue sin signos de alarma.
Sin embargo, algunos individuos pueden presentar
complicaciones en la fase febril que incluyen deshidratación;
fiebre alta que puede asociarse a trastornos neurológicos y
convulsiones en los niños pequeños. La presencia de otros casos
confirmados en el medio al cual pertenece el paciente es
determinante para sospechar el diagnóstico clínico de dengue.
Fase crítica
Cerca de la desaparición de la fiebre, o descenso a 37,5 °C o por debajo de este valor,
entre los primeros 3 a 7 días de la enfermedad, puede aumentar la permeabilidad capilar y
paralelamente con los niveles del hematocrito. Esto marca el comienzo de la fase crítica.
Aquellos pacientes que empeoran con el descenso de la fiebre y presentan síntomas
adicionales, son casos de dengue con signos de alarma. En la fase crítica se pueden
presentar problemas que incluyen: el choque por la extravasación de plasma; las
hemorragias graves y compromiso serio de órganos. Se pueden presentar dos situaciones:
1. Dengue con signos de alarma: el paciente puede presentar dolor abdominal
intenso y continuo, vómito persistente, acumulación de líquidos, sangrado de
mucosas, alteración del estado de conciencia, hepatomegalia y aumento
progresivo del hematocrito.
2. Dengue grave: las formas graves de dengue se definen por uno o más de los
siguientes indicadores: (i) choque por extravasación del plasma,
acumulación de líquido con dificultad respiratoria, o ambas; (ii) sangrado
profuso que sea considerado clínicamente importante por los médicos
tratantes, o (iii) compromiso grave de órganos. hígado: AST o ALT ≥ 1000;
SNC: alteración de la conciencia, y que incluye el corazón y otros órganos.
Medidas de prevención
1. 1- Tape adecuadamente los tanques de almacenamiento de agua. Antes de hacerlo, constate que en
los recipientes donde hay agua estancada no existan larvas.
2. 2- Lave y cepille fuertemente (con cloro, el conocido “límpido”), una vez a la semana, los
recipientes en donde se almacena agua, como tanques, albercas, baldes, cubos, palanganas, entre
otros. Si el recipiente contiene agua, hágalo por encima de este nivel.
3. 3- Tape los recipientes donde almacena el agua sin dejar pequeñas aberturas para evitar que los
mosquitos entren a depositar sus huevos. Mantenga bien tapados todos los recipientes donde
almacena agua para uso doméstico.
4. 4- Elimine el agua estancada de recipientes, charcos, llantas y otros objetos. Esto es MUY
importante
5. 5- Perfore las llantas de los parques infantiles (columpios) para que no se acumule agua.
6. 6- Si hay floreros dentro o fuera de la casa, cámbieles el agua cada tres días.
7. 7- Destruya elementos donde se pueda acumular agua que puedan servir de criaderos de larvas.
8. 8- Cambie diariamente el agua de los bebederos de los animales.
9. 9- Use ropa adecuada, como camisas de manga larga y pantalones largos.
10. 10- Utilice repelentes en las áreas del cuerpo que están descubiertas.
Use three columns, why not?

Bite
Ronald Ross demonstrated that the route of
infection is the mosquito’s own bite

Nobel Prize
In 1902 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physiology and Medicine

Parasites
He showed that the developmental phase of
malaria parasites occurs in mosquitoes
 02
Venus
You can enter a subtitle here
in case you need it
Awesome
Words
 A picture always reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use
an image instead of a long text
 Our data

Mars 35%
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place Neptune 40%
Neptune is the farthest
Venus 25% from the Sun
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste
the new one here. For more info, click here
 Sometimes, reviewing concepts is good

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun is a cold place

Saturn Jupiter Neptune

Saturn is a gas giant and It’s the biggest planet in Neptune is the farthest
has several rings the Solar System planet from the Sun
A picture is worth a
thousand words
03
Mars
You can enter a subtitle
here in case you need it
 This is an infographic

Mars Neptune
Despite being red, Mars is Neptune is the farthest
a cold place from the Sun

Venus Jupiter
Venus is the second planet It’s the biggest planet
from the Sun in the Solar System
And this is a table

Despite being red, Mars

Bite is a cold place

Mercury is the closest

Malaria to the Sun

Venus is the second

Blood planet from the Sun

Neptune is the farthest

Parasite from the Sun
 This is a map

India
It was the country where a
disease was first linked to
mosquitoes in the 1970s
A timeline always works well

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

Eggs Larvae Pupae Adult

Despite being It has a nice Mercury is the It’s the biggest
red, Mars is a name, but it’s closest planet to planet in the
cold place terribly hot the Sun Solar System
 o4
Saturn
You can enter a subtitle here in
case you need it
 1897
Year in which female mosquitoes were found
to transmit malaria between humans
333,000.00
earths is the Sun’s mass

9h 55m 23s
is Jupiter’s rotation period

386,000 km
is a very long distance
This is another table

Despite being red, Mars Saturn is the ringed one

Mars is a cold place and a gas giant

Mercury is the closest It’s the biggest planet

Mercury planet to the Sun in the Solar System

Venus is the second Neptune is the farthest

Venus planet from the Sun from the Sun
Need more columns of text?

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest Venus is the second
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun

Mars Saturn
Despite being red, Mars Saturn is a gas giant and
is a cold place has several rings
 Calendar

August
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
20th of August
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 World Mosquito Day is celebrated,
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 commemorating the discovery of
the British physician Sir Ronald
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Ross in 1897
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
 These are some percentages

25% 58% 82%

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars
to the Sun planet from the Sun is a cold place
 This is another graph

Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
2010 2021
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste
the new one here. For more info, click here
 This is a diagram

Mercury Mars Venus

Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars Venus is the second
to the Sun is a cold place planet from the Sun
 Our team

Helena James
You can replace the
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John Doe
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 Conclusions

Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun is a cold place
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