Inmunologia

Índice
Inmunología
Generalidades del sistema inmunitario
 OBJETIVO GENERALES
 Introducir a los estudiantes en el fascinante mundo de la inmunología.

 Establecer las diferencias y similitudes entre la inmunidad especifica

e inespecífica.

 Valorar la importancia de las inmunoglobulinas y sus funciones.

 Reconocer los aportes de la Inmunología al avance de la medicina y la

biotecnología.
 Introducción
 La integridad biológica de los individuos tiene que ser
permanentemente defendida frente a posibles agresiones externas,
sobre todo de microbios patógenos.
vs
 Para ello cada organismo disponen de barreras naturales de
aislamiento, como son la piel y las mucosas y de un sistema
inmunológico que está precisamente especializado en identificar y
destruir todo lo extraño e incluso aquello interno que se deteriora.
 Inmunología
Especialidad o ciencia médica que se centra en el
estudio, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades
relacionadas con el sistema inmunitario.
 CONCEPTOS RELACIONADOS
• Auto anticuerpo ● Antígenos
• Tolerancia ● Anticuerpos
• sistema de las kininas.
● Hipersensibilidad,
• Sistema de la coagulación
• Quimioquinas ● Inmunidad,
• Citoquinas ● Sistema de complementos,
• Endocitosis ● Atopia, Alergia
• Lisozima ● Macrófago, Fagocitosis
• Lactoferrina ● Inflamación
• Citoesqueleto
● Selectina
• Integral
• ● Caderina
Superoxido
• Interferon ● Inmunizacion
• Alergenos ● Sepsis
● Infección
Generalidades del Sistema inmunitario

Inmunitario
Sistema

 Componentes: Estroma vs. Células libres

 Organización: Difuso vs. Denso

 Denso: Nódulos linfáticos vs. órganos linfáticos

 Moléculas: Interleucinas y moléculas MHC

 RESPUESTA INMUNE

Respuesta
Inmunidad especifica inmunolo
gía

Inmunidad inespecífica
Pasiva vs. Activa ( innata)
 Inmunidad inespecífica ( innata)

Primera línea de defensa

Inmunidad de edad Temperatura

La piel Mucosa del tracto

Ph gastrointestinal,
Sustancias secretoras respiratorio
Generalidades del sistema inmunitario
Segunda línea de defensa
En caso de que estos mecanismos de defensas químicos o mecánicos no consigan su
objetivo y las bacterias u otros gérmenes logren pasar al medio interno, el cuerpo dispone
de la.

Fiebre

Inflamación
CÉLULAS DE LA INMUNIDAD INNATA

Es el primer fagocito que llega al lugar de

la lesión.

Células asesinas naturales: su mecanismo de acción

consiste en causar lisis celular y alteración de la
membrana citoplasmática.

Macrófagos: células grandes capaces de

destruir la mayoría de los agentes patógeno.
CÉLULAS DEL SISTEMA INMUNITARIO
Células asesinas naturales, NKs
(Identidad CD12)

● Que inician su diferenciación hacia progenitoras linfoides comunes por

estímulo de las citoquinas IL-3, IL-7 y IL-15( Receptores) .

● Maduracion: Los ganglios linfáticos ,bazo y otras en el timo.La IL-12, IL15 e

IL-18 producidas por las células dendríticas (DCs).

● Ubicación: Órganos linfoides secundarios, mucosas, piel, placenta, hígado

Circulac.

● Perforinas , granzimas A,B.H,K, M y citoquinas

Células asesinas naturales, NKs
Quimioquinas que regulan la
circulación de las NKs

 Son atraídas al hígado por

las CCL2, CXCL4, CXCL6,
CXCL9, CXCL11, y CCL3.
 Mucosas y a la piel las
CCL2, CXCL3 y XC
KIR
 cerebro por la CXCL1.
 Útero por la CXCL12KAR
 Páncreas por la CXCL10
 Articulaciones la CXCL4
ÓRGANOS INMUNITARIOS
Me
mo
r ia
Inmunidad específica (adaptativa )

Es p
ec i
f ic i
da d

Tol
e ran
c ia
Células inmunidad específica
 Retroalimentación
1. ¿Paciente con una timectomia puede desarrollar?
2. ¿Órgano linfoide donde maduran los linfocitos T ?
 Inmunología

02 04

DISCUSSION TREATMENT
01 Here you could 03 Here you could 05
describe the topic describe the topic
of the section of the section

PATIENT DIAGNOSIS MONITORING

Here you could Here you could Here you could
describe the topic describe the topic describe the topic
of the section of the section of the section
 Introduction
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the
Moon. The planet’s name has nothing to do with the liquid
metal, since Mercury was named after the Roman
messenger god
 Identifying Information

MARS JUPITER VENUS

Despite being red, Mars It’s a gas giant and the Venus has a beautiful
is a cold place full of biggest planet in the name and a poisonous
iron oxide dust Solar System atmosphere
 01

About the Patient

You could enter a subtitle here if you need
it
 Patient Medical History

Age: 75 2005 2008 2014

Gender: Male Despite being Mercury is Saturn is a gas

red, Mars is a the smallest giant and has
cold place planet rings
Allergies: None

Location:
Madrid, Spain
 Despite being red, Mars is a
cold place

Mercury is the closest

planet to the Sun
Review of
Systems Venus has a beautiful name,
but it’s hot

Saturn is the ringed planet

and a gas giant
 Physical Examination

1. SATURN 1

It’s a gas giant and has rings

around itself 2 2. MARS
Mars is actually a cold place
full of iron oxide dust

3. JUPITER 3

Jupiter is the biggest planet in

the Solar System
A Picture Is Worth a
Thousand Words
Findings

EVOLUTION PREVALENCE

Saturn

Venus

Mars

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change

Mars Venus the data and paste the new graph here
 Discussion

DR. JENNA DOE DR. JOHN JAMES

“Saturn is a gas giant “Jupiter is the biggest

and has several rings” planet in the Solar
System”
Discussion Summary
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the Solar System. It’s only
a bit larger than the Moon.

The planet’s name has nothing to do with

the liquid metal, since Mercury was named
after the Roman messenger god
Comparison

JUPITER MERCURY VENUS MARS

 Diagnosis

1 2 3

MERCURY VENUS MARS

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun actually a cold place

4 5 6

JUPITER SATURN NEPTUNE

Jupiter is a gas giant and It’s composed of Neptune is the farthest

the biggest planet hydrogen and helium planet from the Sun
Factors to Consider
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than the
Moon
Treatment

Despite being red, Mars is

01
actually a cold place

Neptune is the farthest

planet from the Sun

Jupiter is the biggest planet

02
in the Solar System
 Patient Monitoring

WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4

Despite being red, Venus is the second Mercury is the Earth is the third
Mars is actually a planet from the Sun closest planet to the planet from the Sun
cold place Sun
8,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
Contraindications & Indications

● Here you can describe the ● Here you can describe the
reason to start the treatment reason to stop the treatment
● Here you can describe the ● Here you can describe the
reason to start the treatment reason to stop the treatment
 Post-Prevention

Jupiter is a gas giant and Neptune is the farthest

the biggest planet planet from the Sun

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful name,

planet to the Sun but it’s very hot
Case Timeline

Mercury is the Despite being red, Neptune is the Earth is the third
closest planet to the Mars is actually a farthest planet from planet from the Sun
Sun cold place the Sun
Conclusions
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one in the
Solar System—it’s only a bit larger
than the Moon
References

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

 Our Team

DR. JOSH JAMES DR. MARY DOE DR. JANE SMITH

You can replace the You can replace the You can replace the
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