C@DKLKYPXCIKÙL
[ LFAMIKMY

VLK@C@ 37 FYPXVIPVXC EKLCLIKFXC

FUCNVCIKÙL YVDCPKUC

LMDHXF7
ICXXFXC7 Klaflkfräc fl C`d `f Fdprfscs
CYKALCPVXC7 Eklclzcs c Ncram Znczm
ZXMEFYMX7 Irkstkcl Wuókac [cófz
EFIOC7 :3-:;-8:3;
 

Äl`kif

3.- Kltrm`uiikùl……………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………… 9

8.- imlifptms pcrc cpnkicr fl nms skaukfltfs icsms……………………………………………………………………….0

8.- Zrmhnfdc 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6

3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6

9.- Zrmhnfdc 8…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5-1

8…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5-1

0.- Zrmhnfdc 9…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….?-;

9…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….?-;

6.- Imlinuskùl………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3:
Imlinuskùl………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3:

5.- Hkhnkmarcec…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….33
Hkhnkmarcec…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….33
 

KLPXM@VIIKÙL

Nc fstruiturc eklclikfrc dcric fn pcsm fltrf fn fquknkhrkm fxkstfltf `f nms rfiursms

eklclikfrms iml nms iucnfs sf iufltc pcrc ul dmdfltm `ftfrdklc`m, csä imdm nms quf sf
pnclkekicl pcrc ul pnczm dcymr, y fn usm rcikmlcn y fekikfltf quf sf nfs `fhf `cr c nms
dksdms iml nc eklcnk`c` `f dcltflfr, prfsfrvcr f klirfdfltcr fn vcnmr tmtcn `f nc
fdprfsc. Csmikc`m iml nc pmnätkic `f eklclikcikùl sf fstchnfif iùdm nc fdprfsc sf
eklclikc c ncram pnczm y `f emrdc smstflkhnf, `ftfrdklcl`m nc nncdc`c fstruiturc `f
icpktcn2 fs `fikr, nc iucltäc y dm`cnk`c`fs `f `fu`c y rfiursms prmpkms quf eklclikcl ncs
klvfrskmlfs pfrdclfltfs `f nc fdprfsc.

 Fs kdpmrtcltf `fstcicr quf nc fstruiturc `f `fu`c nc imdpmlfl tm`ms nms pcskvms c
imrtm y ncram pnczm, yc sfc quf nc `fu`c prmvflac `f prmvff`mrfs, `f klstktuikmlfs
eklclikfrcs m `fn p÷hnkim.

Pcdhkël sf puf`f kl`kicr quf nc fstruiturc eklclikfrc sf rfekfrf cn crtf `f `ksfócr nc

imdhklcikùl `f eml`ms quf sf utknkzcrãl pcrc eklclikcr ulc fdprfsc, fspfikcndfltf iml
rfspfitm c nc icltk`c` `f `fu`c c rficu`cr y iml quë pfrekn `f rffdhmnsm2 klinuyf fn
clãnksks y ncs `fikskmlfs iml rfspfitm c nms klstrudfltms `f `fu`c, iucl`m ocyc dãs `f
ulm `kspmlkhnf.

@fpfl`fr skalkekictkvcdfltf `f nms eml`ms pmr `fu`c pfrdktf c nms ciikmlkstcs

mhtflfr ul dcymr rfl`kdkfltm `f nc klvfrskùl, yc quf ocy dflms icpktcn fl fn
lfamikm. Ykl fdhcram, fstc fstruiturc eklclikfrc puf`f sfr crrkfsac`c, yc quf nc
fdprfsc tkflf ulc arcl `fu`c quf `fhf pcacrsf.

Fl fstf klemrdf, sf fvcnucrã nc fstruiturc eklclikfrc y fn imstm `f icpktcn `f nc fdprfsc,

imlsk`frcl`m ncs mpmrtulk`c`fs `f klvfrskùl, sf icniuncrã nc tcsc `f imstm `f icpktcn c
pcrtkr `f dm`fnms imdm QCII, ICZD y Dfrtml Dknnfr y sf prmpml`rãl cntfrlctkvcs `f
irfikdkfltm pcrc nc fdprfsc, imlsk`frcl`m ncs mpmrtulk`c`fs `f klvfrskùl
 

IMLIFZPMY ZCXC CZNKICX FL NMY YKAVKFLPFY ICYMY

Pcsc Kltfrlc `f Xftmrlm (PKX).

Nc tcsc kltfrlc `f rfl`kdkfltm fstã `feklk`c imdm nc tcsc `f kltfrës quf rf`uif c ifrm fn
vcnmr prfsfltf, fn vcnmr euturm, m fn vcnmr clucn fqukvcnfltf `f ulc sfrkf `f klarfsms y
farfsms. Fl pmics pcnchrcs fs nc tcsc fl nc quf nms enugms `f fltrc`c y `f scnk`c `f ul
prmyfitm trcä`ms c vcnmr prfsfltf sf kaucncl2 fstm skalkekic quf nc tcsc `f rfl`kdkfltm quf
`fhfdms tmdcr pcrc fn prmyfitm `fhf sfr dcymr c nc PKX pcrc pm`fr tflfr ul rfl`kdkfltm. Yk
nc PKX fs dcymr c nms imstms `f klvfrskùl fn prmyfitm fs huflm, `f nm imltrcrkm lm sf `fhf
nnfvcr cichm.

QCII (Imstm Zml`frc`m `f Icpktcn)

Fn dmltm lfifscrkm pcrc c`qukrkr eml`ms `f nms klvfrskmlkstcs fstã hcsc`m fl fn rfl`kdkfltm

prmdf`km `fsfc`m pmr fstms ÷ntkdms. @f fstc dclfrc fn imstm pml`frc`m `f icpktcn fs fn
dmltm tmtcn `f kltfrfsfs y `kvk`fl`ms fl quf sf vc c kliurrkr pcrc mhtflfr fn icpktcn pcrc nc
klvfrskùl. Zmr mtrm nc`m, sk nc QCII (Imstm Zml`frc`m `f Icpktcn pmr sus skancs fl klanës) fs
dflmr cn Xfl`kdkfltm Ymhrf nc Klvfrskùl (XMK) sf mrkaklcrã ul Ucnmr Fimlùdkim Carfac`m.

ICZD

Fn icpktcn cssft prkikla dm`fn (ICZD), quf skalkekic dm`fnm `f ekgcikùl `f prfikms `f citkvms
`f icpktcn, skrvf pcrc `ftfrdklcr nc tcsc `f rfltchknk`c` rfqufrk`c pcrc ul citkvm quf emrdc
pcrtf `f ul pmrtcemnkm `f klvfrskmlfs. Fn dm`fnm ICZD tmdc fl iufltc nc sflskhknk`c` `fn
citkvm cn rkfsam lm `kvfrskekichnf, nm quf tcdhkël fs imlmik`m imdm rkfsam `fn dfric`m m
rkfsam skstëdkim, quf fs rfprfsfltc`m pmr fn sädhmnm hftc (θ). Pcdhkël sf imlsk`frc nc
rfltchknk`c` fspfrc`c `fn dfric`m y nc rfltchknk`c` fspfrc`c `f ul citkvm tfùrkicdfltf nkhrf
`f rkfsam.
 

Zrmhnfdc 37
Imdpmsktf
Imdpmsktf Pmmns, dcltkflf fl sus rfakstrms nms dmltms y imstms fspfiäe
fspfiäekims
kims `f sus eufltfs
`f eklclikcdkfltm,
eklclikcdkfltm, prfsfltc
prfsfltc`ms
`ms fl nc skaukfltf tchnc, imlsk`fr
imlsk`frcl`m
cl`m ic`c ulc `f ncs eufltfs
`f nc fdprfsc. Imlsk`frc ulc tcsc `f kdpufstm c nc rfltc `f 86%. Nc fdprfsc fstã
fvcnucl`m
fvcnucl`m nc pmskhk
pmskhknk`c
nk`c`
` `f fefitucr ulc klvfrskùl, nc quf merfif ulc PKX `f 33,6% y `fsfc
schfr sk fs imlvflkfltf cifptcr `kioc klvfrskùl.

EVFLPF @F UCNMX FL IMYPM ZML@FXCIKML QCII

EKLCLIKCDKFLPM NKHXMY FYZFIKEKIM
@F NC EVFLPF
@FV@C NCXAM 1::::: 1,9% 1:::::/36:::::4 (:.01_ :,:19) x (3-:,86)
ZNCWM HCLIM :,01*3::401% 4:,:86196
@FV@C NCXAM 3::::: 6,8% 3:::::/36:::::4:,:1 (:,:1 x :,:68) _ (3-:,86)
ZNCWM HMLM *3::41% 4 :,::819
 CIIKMLFY
ZXFEFXFLPFY 6:::: 38% 6::::/33::49%
6:::::4:,:9* :,:9_:,384 :,::95
ICZKPCN FL 56:::: 35% 56::::/36:::::4:,09 :,09_:,354:.:5??
 CIIKMLFY *3::409%
IMDVLFY
PMPCN 36::::: 3:: 3:.:?%

Xfspufstc7 Nc fstruiturc `f icpktcn `f nc fdprfsc Pmmns dcltkflf ulc `fu`c ncram pnczm
(hclim) pmr ul 01% `f su `fu`c, 1% `f `fu`c ncram pnczm (hmlm), `f ciikmlfs prfefrfltf `f
ul 9% y 09% `f icpktcn fl ciikmlfs imdulfs. Nc fdprfsc `fhf fxkakr c sus klvfrskmlfs, cn
dflms ul 3:,:?%, yc quf fsf fs fn imstm quf fnnc `fhf smpmrtcr. Fl iucltm c sk fs
imlvflkfltf cifptcr `kioc klvfrskùl, sf puf`f `ftfrdklcr quf fn QCII (3:,:?%) cn sfr 
dflmr quf fn PKX (33,6%), nc fdprfsc `fik`f cifptcr nc mpmrtulk`c`.
 

Zrmhnfdc 87

Dckl Imdpcly dcltkflf fl sus rfakstrms nms dmltms y imstms fspfiäekims `f sus eufltfs `f
eklclikcdkfl
eklclikcdkfltm,
tm, prfsfltc`
prfsfltc`ms
ms fl nc skaukfltf
skaukfltf tchnc, imlsk`frcl`m
imlsk`frcl`m ic`c ulc `f ncs euflt
eufltfs
fs `f
nc fdprfsc. Imlsk`frc ulc tcsc `f kdpufstm c nc rfltc `f 86%. Zcrc icniuncr nc tcsc `f
imstm `f icpktcn `f nc fdprfsc, sf oc fstkdc`m quf fs imlvflkfltf ocifr ulc `ftfrdklcikùl
imdpcrctkvc fltrf fn vcnmr fl nkhrm `f nc fdprfsc y fn vcnmr `fn dfric`m. Nc fdprfsc fstã
fvcnucl`m nc pmskhknk`c` `f fefitucr ulc klvfrskùl, nc quf merfif ulc PKX `f ?,6%, y `fsfc
schfr sk fs imlvflkfltf cifptcr `kioc klvfrskùl.

EVFLPF @F UCNMX IMYPMY ZML@FXC@M QCII

EKLCLIKCDKFLPM FL FYZFIÄEKIMY
NKHXMY @F NC
EVFLPF
@FV@C NCXAM 0:::::: 5,:% 0::::::/53:::::4:,56*3::4 56
56,6% (:,565_:,:5) ((3
3-:,86)
ZNCWM HCLIM 4:,:8;68
@FV@C NCXAM 3:::::: 6,5% 3::::::/53:::::4:,350*3::435,0% (:,350_:,:65) (3-
ZNCWM HMLM :,86)
4:,::5???
 CIIKMLFY 0:::: 39,:% 0::::/53:::::4:.::1*3::4:,1% :,::1_:,394:,:::;3
ZXFEFXFLPFY
ICZKPCN FL 3:5:::: 31,:% 3:5::::/53:::::43,10*3::431,0% :,310_:,314:,:8;6?
 CIIKMLFY
IMDVLFY
PMPCN 53::::: 3::% 5,1%

Xfspufstc7 Nc fstruiturc `f icpktcn `f nc fdprfsc Dckl Imdpcly dcltkflf ulc `fu`c

ncram pnczm (hclim) pmr ul 56,6% `f su `fu`c, 35,0% `f `fu`c ncram pnczm (hmlm), `f
ciikmlfs prfefrfltf `f ul :,1% y 31,0% `f icpktcn fl ciikmlfs imdulfs. Nc fdprfsc `fhf
fxkakr c sus klvfrskmlfs, cn dflms ul 5,1%, yc quf fsf fs fn imstm quf fnnc `fhf smpmrtcr. Fl
iucltm c sk fs imlvflkfltf cifptcr `kioc klvfrskùl, sf puf`f `ftfrdklcr quf fn QCII
(5,1%) cn sfr dflmr quf fn PKX (?,6%), nc fdprfsc `fik`f cifptcr nc mpmrtulk`c`.
 

EVFLPF @F UCNMX IMYPMY ZML@FXC@M QCII

EKLCLIKCDKFLPM @FN FYZFIÄEKIMY
DFXIC@M @F NC EVFLPF
@FV@C NCXAM 90?:::: 5% 90?::::/1;:::::40?,5% (:,0?5_:,:5) (3-:,86) 4:,:83?1
ZNCWM HCLIM
@FV@C NCXAM 3:::::: 6,5% 3::::::/1;:::::438,1% (:,381_:,:65) ((3
3-:,86)
ZNCWM HMLM 4:,::6990
 CIIKMLFY 5:::: 39% 5::::/1;:::::4:,?% :,:?_:,394:,::3:0
ZXFEFXFLPFY
ICZKPCN FL 9:::::: 31% 9::::::/1;:::::49?% :,9?_:,314:.:505
 CIIKMLFY
IMDVLFY
1;::::: 3::% ;,9%

Xfspufstc7 Nc fstruiturc `f icpktcn `f nc fdprfsc Dckl Imdpcly dcltkflf ulc `fu`c

ncram pnczm (hclim) pmr ul 0?,5% `f su `fu`c, 38,1% `f `fu`c ncram pnczm (hmlm), `f
ciikmlfs
ciikmlfs prfefrfl
prfefrfltf
tf `f ul :,?% y 9?% `f icpktcn fl cii
ciikmlfs
kmlfs imd
imdulfs.
ulfs. Nc fdprfsc `f
`fhf
hf
fxkakr c sus klvfrskmlfs, cn dflms ul ;,9%, yc quf fsf fs fn imstm quf fnnc `fhf smpmrtcr. Fl
iucltm c sk fs imlvflkfltf cifptcr `kioc klvfrskùl, sf puf`f `ftfrdklcr quf fn QCII
(;,9%) cn sfr dcymr quf fn PKX (?,6%), nc fdprfsc `fik`f rfioczcr nc mpmrtulk`c`.
 

Zrmhnfdc 9
Vlc fdprfsc lm rfaunc`c `fsfc `ftfrdklcr su imstm `f icpktcn. Ychf quf pcrc fnnm `fhf
tflfr ulc tcsc `f imstm c su icpktcn klvfrtk`m, y pmr fnnm imlsk`frc c`fiuc`m utknkzcr fn dm`fnm
ICZD, pcrc `ftfrdklcr `kiom imstm.
Fl su fstruiturc eklclikfrc, sf fliufltrc nm skaukfltf7
@FV@C 06:.:::.:::
ZCPXKDMLKM 66:.:::.:::
PMPCN 3.:::.:::.:::

Fn imstm `f nc `fu`c csikfl`f c 33%

 Cnaulms `ctms quf oc rfimnfitc`m ocstc comrc sml.
c) Xfltchknk`c` prmdf`km `f dfric`m (hmnsc) 8:30 31%
  8:36 39%
  8:35 36%

H) tcsc nkhrf `f rkfsam `f nms ÷ntkd

÷ntkdmsms cóms 8:30 9,86%
  8:36 9,?16%
  8:35 0,86%

i) Pcsc nkhrf `f rkfsam 6,::%

`) Hftc7 :,?1

 C`fdãs, sf imlsk`frc nc tcsc `f kdpufstm c nc rfltc fl 86%

Zmr nm iucn, nc fdprfsc smnkiktc nm skaukfltf7

3.- Icniunc nc tcsc fspfrc`c `f rfl`kdkfltm sfa÷l fn dm`fnm ICZD, utknkzcl`m nc

rfltchknk`c` prmdf`km `f nms ÷ntkdms 9 cóms, y nc tcsc nkhrf `f rkfsam `f dfric`m,
imls
imlsk`
k`fr
frcl
cl`m
`m nc tc
tcsc
sc pr
prmd
mdf`
f`km
km `f nm
nmss ÷n
÷ntk
tkdm
dmss 9 có
cóms
ms.. Zm
Zmrr sf
sfrr ul
ulcc fd
fdpr
prfs
fscc lm
rfaunc`c cn eklcn `f nc emrdunc sf `fhf carfacr ulc tcsc c`kikmlcn `f rkfsam pcäs, pmr 
9,8%. Imlsk`frcl`m nc skaukfltf eùrdunc7 XF4Xe +H(X
+H(Xd-Xe )+X
)+Xp

XF4:,:6 + :,?1 (:,36 ’ :,:6) + :,:98 4 :,35; * 3:: 4 35,;%

 

8.- Vtknkzc fn ICZD imdm nc tcsc `f rfltchknk`c` fxkak`c c nms rfiursms prmpkms y icniunc fn
QCII
@FV@C UCNMX IMYPM ZML@FXC@M QCII
06:.:::.::: 33% :.06 * 3::4 06% (:,06*:,33) (3-:,86) 4 :,:91386
9,1%
PKX (XFYVNPC@M ICZD)7 35,;%

 Nc fdprfsc `fhf fxkakr c sus klvfrskmlfs, cn dflms ul 9,1%, yc quf fsf fs fn imstm quf
fnnc `fhf smpmrtcr. Fl iucltm c sk fs imlvflkfltf cifptcr `kioc klvfrskùl, sf puf`f
`ftfrdklcr quf fn QCII (9,1%) cn sfr dflmr quf fn PKX (35,;%), nc fdprfsc `fik`f cifptcr 
nc mpmrtulk`c`.

9.- Yk nc fdprfsc tkflf ulc pmskhnf klvfrskùl quf tkflf ulc rfltchknk`c` fspfrc`c `f
36%, ½fs imlvflkfltf pcrc nc fdprfsc cifptcr c nc klvfrskùl=

Yk, fs imlvflkfltf, yc quf nc rfltchknk`c`, kl`fpfl`kfltf quf sfc dflmr cn 35,;% cltfrkmr 
dflikmlc`m, lm fs rkfsamsm pcrc nc fdprfsc, yc quf skauf skfltm dcymr quf fn Qcii.

0.- C`fdãs, ocz imdfltcrkms smhrf nc hftc `f :,?1

Nc Hftc fs ul fnfdfltm imd÷l `f nms clãnksks hursãtknfs y `f nc tmdc `f `fikskmlfs fl nc
imdpmskikùl
imdpmskikùl `f ulc icrtfrc `f citkvms.
citkvms. Fl imlirft
imlirftm,
m, fs ul kl`kic`mr kdpmrtc
kdpmrtcltf
ltf `fn clãnks
clãnksks
ks
iucltktctkvm. Nc Hftc kltfltc df`kr fn rkfsam `f ul citkvm, pmr fgfdpnm, ulc ciikùl, rfspfitm cn
dfric`m, y skfdprf tflkfl`m fl iufltc nc rfncikùl fltrf fn citkvm y fn dfric`m.

Fn imfekikfltf Hftc skrvf pcrc fvcnucr fn rkfsam skstëdkim `f ul citkvm fl fn dm`fnm ICZD
(Icpktcn Cssft Zrkikla Dm`fn, dm`fnm quf icniunc rfltchknk`c` rfqufrk`c `f ul citkvm iml
rkfsam fl eulikùl `f vcrkms pcrãdftrms, fltrf fnnms Hftc, pcrc fltrcr fl nc icrtfrc).

Nc hftc fl fn fgfrikikm fs `f :,?1, cn sfr nc hftc dflmr quf 3, qukfrf `fikr quf fn citkvm tkflf

dflmr rkfsam skstëdkim quf fn dfric`m, fs dflms vmnãtkn quf nc tfl`flikc aflfrcn.
 

3:

IMLINVYKÙL

Lms `cdms iufltc `f quf fstf dm`fnm pfrdktf `feklkr nc mefrtc quf nc fdprfsc puf`f ocifr 
c nms klvfrskmlkstcs pcrc ctrcfr fn eklclikcdkfltm, yc quf pfrdktf vfr sk fn rfl`kdkfltm quf sf

prmpmlf mtmracr c nms klvfrskmlk

klvfrskmlkstcs
stcs fs imdpft
imdpftktkvm
ktkvm rfspfit
rfspfitm
m cn quf fnnms puf`fl mhtflfr fl
fn dfric`m eklclikfrm m, fl su icsm, ocifr nms cgustfs pfrtklfltfs fl nms mhgftkvms mpfrctkvms
`f nc fdprfsc pcrc cniclzcr ncs pmskhnfs dftcs `f utknk`c`fs.

Zm`fd
Zm`fdms
ms im
imli
linu
nukr
kr qu
quf
f fn dëtm
dëtm`m
`m `f Im
Imst
stm
m Zr
Zrmd
mdf`
f`km
km Zm
Zml`
l`fr
frc`
c`m
m `f Ic
Icpk
pktc
tcnn fs ul
ulc
c
ofrrcdkfltc quf fn klvfrskmlkstc puf`f utknkzcr pcrc fvcnucr mpmrtulk`c`fs `f klvfrskùl fl
fdprfscs quf nf mefrtcl, yc sfc pcrc `fgcr sus utknk`c`fs m cpmrtcr icpktcn df`kcltf nc
susirkpikùl `f ciikmlfs. Zmr mtrm nc`m, nc c`dklkstrcikùl puf`f utknkzcr fstf dëtm`m pcrc
fvcnucr su mpfrcikùl y, fl su icsm, ocifr nms icdhkms iml fn ekl `f mptkdkzcr su eulikùl
hãskic pcrc klirfdfltcr sus rfsuntc`ms7 nc fdprfsc `fhf `ftfrdklcr ul cpcnclicdkfltm
mptkdm, quf, pmr nm aflfrcn, lm skfdprf fs imdpcrchnf iml fn cpcnclicdkfltm quf ncs
fdprfscs `fn dksdm tcdcóm y akrm prfsfltcl fl fn dfric`m.

Fn QCII sf icrcitfrkzc `f dclfrc pcrtkiuncr fl ic`c fdprfsc, Fstf sf eul`cdfltc fl nc

pcrtkiuncrk`c` `f ul prmifsm hãskim, `urcltf fn iucn sf `fhfl `f imlsk`frcr trfs ecitmrfs
eul`cdfltcnfs7 nms eml`ms, nc nmicnkzcikùl fl fn tkfdpm y fn rkfsam. Zmr nm tcltm, ul QCII
kl`kvk`ucnkzc`m y duy pmim imdpcrchnf sf aflfrc sfa÷l ic`c ulc `f ncs fdprfscs y `fn

prmlùstkim quf ocac pcrc su mpfrcikùl, imlemrdf ic`c fltk`c` prfsfltc ulc fstruiturc
ciikmlcrkc, `f utknk`c`fs y `f eklclikcdkfltms, fxtfrlc f kltfrlc.

 Zmr mtrc pcrtf fn fdprfscrkm m c`dklkstrc`mr qukfl tfl`rã nc rfspmlschknk`c` `f tmdcr ncs
`fikskmlfs `f eklclikcdkfltm quf nc fdprfsc lfifsktf, `fhf tflfr fl iufltc nms tkpms `f
eklclikcdkfltm quf imlsk`frf lfifscrkm y cn dmdfltm `f fnfakr, `fhf ocifrnm pmr cqufn quf
rfprfsfltf dãs fimlmdäc pcrc nc fdprfsc, fstm `fhk`m c quf sml duiocs ncs eufltfs quf fn
fltmrlm merfif, tcltm kltfrlcs imdm fxtfrlcs y nc sfnfiikùl `f nc dãs cprmpkc`c `fhf` tmdc
imdm hcsf fn rkfsam quf fn fdprfscrkm fstë `kspufstm c imrrfr.
 

33

HKHNKMAXCEÄC

R IKPCPKML Cl`38 ^n 39988 T

R IKPCPKML Vlk3; ^n 39988 T

Hnmib, Y., & Okrt, A. (8::6).

(8::6) . C`dklkstrcikùl eklclikfrc. Dëxkim7 DiArcw-Oknn.