SGBQC^XBFLF VCHGJMØIBHL FCM PC^ß

Cgslyj abglm

Mls ajrels fc ijnbcrgj quc bgamuycrjg cg ml hrbsbs chjgøebhl y sjhblm

fcm Pcrÿ 

Lutjrcs
Cgrbquc Luiustj Nustlelgtc Hlrpbj- S<48<>863

Klrml Gjcmbl Iubmmbgtl ^jfråiucz-S<2>092<8

^jfråiucz-S<2>092<8
 

Prjacsjr 

Oulg Arlghbshj Dcrrcrjs ^jfråiucz

Mbel, fbhbcenrc fcm >0>0

 
 

 MLX AJ^ELX
AJ^ELX FC IJNBC
IJNBC^GJ
^GJ \SC BGAMSRC^JG
BGAMSRC^JG CG ML
ML H^BXBX CHJGØEBHL
CHJGØEBHL R XJHBLM
XJHBLM
 FCM PC^ß

 L mj mlrij fc ml dbstjrbl, cm
c m Pcrÿ tuvj fbstbgtjs prcsbfcgtcs quc ajrelrjg plrtc fc fbstbgtjs
 plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs quc l su vcz cstjs hjgtlnlg hjg bfcjmjiåls, cstrltcibls j ajrels fc
 ijncrglr fbacrcgtc. Euhdls fc cstls ajrels fc ijncrglr rcpcrhutbcrjg irlvcecgtc lm plås
 yl quc sus fchbsbjgcs icgcrlrjg hrbsbs cg fbstbgtjs dìnbtjs yl scl pjmåtbhj, chjgøebhj y

 sjhblm. Cstls ajrels fc ijncrglr fc mjs lgtbiujs prcsbfcgtcs fcm Pcrÿ tlenbâg lachtlrjg cg
 sus plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs prjvjhlgfj quc cstjs yl sc
sclg
lg rcpufblfjs pjr ml pjnmlhbøg, lm suhcfcr 
cstj plrl quc sus plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs gj sc slmilg fc ml csacrl pjmåtbhl hrclrjg y lpmbhlrjg
fbstbgtls cstrltcibls. Fbstbgtjs plrtbfjs hjej cm PPH, LP^L y Lhhbøg Pjpumlr aucrjg mjs
 plrtbfjs quc cvbfcghblrjg hmlrlecgtc quc cgtrlrjg cg hrbsbs pjr su elm lhhbjglr y ajrel fc
 ijncrglr fc sus rcprcscgtlgtcs
rcprcs cgtlgtcs cg cm pjfcr. L pcslr fc ml lplrbhbøg fc plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs cm 
quc furø ug mlrij tbcepj auc cm LP^L, cstc trltø fc dlhcr eìs pjmåtbhl (nushlr lhucrfjs,
hjgscgsjs, hjgstrubr lmblgzls) pcrj rcmlhbjgìgfjsc l sus lgtbiujs cgcebijs, cs fchbr, l mjs
 irupjs jmbiìrqubhjs, hluslgfj
hluslgfj cm lplrtlebcgtj fc mjs schtjrcs sjhblmcs hjej fc hmlsc ecfbl,
bgtcmchtulmcs y schtjrcs jnrcrjs quc mj lpjylrjg ug hbcrtj tbcepj. Fc lmiugl elgcrl mjs
 plrtbfjs bzqubcrfbstls aucrjg mjs eìs ncgcabhblfjs yl quc sc elgtcgålg hcrhlgjs l mjs
 schtjrcs pjpumlrcs, mj quc hjrrbø cg alvjr fc cmmjs cs quc gj gchcsbtlnlg fc ml mcilmbflf 
 plrl elgtcgcr vbvl su jrilgbzlhbøg. Pjr cm jtrj mlfj, mj quc gchcsbtlnlg crl pcrelgchcr 
 aucrl fc mj bgstbtuhbjglm, plrl jntcgcr mcibtbebflf cg mjs schtjrcs pjpumlrcs y lså mmcilgfj l
jntcgcr vlmjrcs hjej ml hjgschucghbl, cm dcrjåsej y lutjgjeål. Qlmjrcs bepjrtlgtcs plrl
 pjfcr mmcvlr l hlnj ml rcvjmuhbøg (Ijgzlmcs, <222, pìis <8-<6) <. Pjr tjfj mj ecghbjglfj
lgtcrbjrecgtc sc dl icgcrlfj ml sbiubcgtc hjgtrjvcrsbl? ºHjgsbfcrls quc mls ajrels fc
 ijnbcrgjs quc sc dlg tcgbfj l mj mlrij fc gucstrl dbstjrbl dlg bgamubfj cg ml hrbsbs fc mjs
 plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs quc sc tbcgc cg ml lhtulmbflf y cg sus cstrltcibls plrl pcrelgchcr cg ml
csacrl pjmåtbhl} Hjgsbfcrlejs quc mls ajrels fc ijnbcrgj l mj mlrij fc ml dbstjrbl så dlg
bgamubfj cg ml hrbsbs fc mjs plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs y cg sus cstrltcibls plrl pcrelgchcr cg ml
csacrl pjmåtbhl:
pjmåtbhl: L hjgtb
hjgtbgulhb
gulhbøg,
øg, cg mjs sbiubcgtcs pìrrlajs
pìrrlajs sc augf
augflecgt
lecgtlrì
lrì mls rlzjgcs
rlzjgcs fc
gucstrl pjsturl.

Cg prbecr muilr, fcsfc cm sbimj TT ml vbfl pjmåtbhl fc gucstrj plås dl sbfj lachtlfl, fcnbfj l
mjs hjgstlgtcs ijmpcs fc cstlfj quc cvbtlrjg ml hjgsjmbflhbøg fc ug sbstcel fcejhrìtbhj.
< Ijgzlmcs, Jselr (<222). ”Ml hrbsbs fc mjs plrtbfjs pcrulgjs. Lpugtcs plrl ugl mchturl sjhbj- dbstørbhl―. Jntcgbfj fc
dttps?//www.rcflmyh.jri/pfa/<>>/<>>0480>.pfa 
 

Fcnbfj l mls irlgfcs trlgsajrelhbjgcs sjhblmcs y chjgøebhls lplrchbcrjg mjs fjs prbecrjs
 plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs cm LP^L y cm plrtbfj sjhblmbstl. Cg mjs lüjs 30 jhurrbcrjg dchdjs
bepjrtlgtcs cm LP^L fchbfbø lmblrsc hjg sus lgtbiujs cgcebijs cm Jfrbbsej y ml Jmbilrquål
 Glhbjglm. Lsbebsej, cecribø jtrj plrtbfj bepjrtlgtc mmlelfj Lhhbøg Pjpumlr mbfcrlfj pjr 
Acrglg
Acr glgfj
fj Ncm
Ncmlug
lugfc
fc Vcrry
Vcrry quc lpugtl
lpugtlnl
nl l lrtbhum
lrtbhumlr
lr mls fce
fcelgf
lgfls
ls fc fbvcrsj
fbvcrsjss schtjrc
schtjrcss
sjhblmcs, tlenbâg lplrchbø cm plrtbfj pjmåtbhj PPH mbfcrlfj pjr Mubs Ncfjyl ^cycs cstjs
dchdjs hjecgzlrjg l hjgabiurlr cg cm Pcrÿ ug sbstcel cenrbjglrbj fc plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs. Xbg
cenlrij,
cenlr ij, cstc prjhcsj sc vbj lachtlf
lachtlfj
j pjr cm ijmpc
ijmpc fc Cstlfj
Cstlfj mmcvlfj l hlnj pjr mls Aucrzls
Lrelfls
Lrelf ls cg <214, cm ijnb
ijnbcrgj
crgj fc Oulg Qcmlshj Lmvlrlfj rcstrbgibø
rcstrbgibø ml lhtbvb
lhtbvbflf
flf fc plrtbf
plrtbfjs
js
 pjmåtbhjs lm bgstlurlr ug râibecg fbhtltjrblm sbg prjhcsjs cmchtjrlmcs (Ijgzlmcs, <222, pìi 4). 4) .
>
 Gj jnstlgtc, mjs plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs gj pufbcrjg flr sjmuhbøg l mjs prjnmcels quc plfchål cm
 plås hjej ml hrbsbs chjgøebhl y ml vbjmcghbl sunvcrsbvl, mj hulm trloj hjej hjgschucghbl su
fcsp
fcsprcs
rcstb
tbib
ibj
j lg
lgtc
tc ml pj
pjnm
nmlhb
lhbøg
øg.. Ml cx
cxpl
plgs
gsbø
bøg
g fcm
fcm schtj
schtjrr bg
bgaj
ajre
relm
lm tl
tlen
enbâbâg
g pr
prjf
jfuo
uoj
j cm
fcnbmbtlebcgtj fc mjs plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs yl quc cstc schtjr sjhbjchjgøebhj tcgål ugl pjsturl
eìs prlieìtbhl quc bfcjmøibhl sjnrc ml pjmåtbhl. Fc ml elgj fc cstc lhjgtchbebcgtj suribø ml
fbsebg
fbsebguhb
uhbøg
øg fcm cepmcj
cepmcj ajrelm
ajrelm mj hulm
hulm prj
prjfuo
fuojj flü
flüjs
js cg ml cstruh
cstruhtur
turll fc mjs plrtbf
plrtbfjs
js
bzqubcrfbstls, cg cstc sbstcel fc lsbstcghbl cg tbcepjs fc hrbsbs mjs plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs tuvbcrjg
 pjhl prcscghbl.

Cg sciugfj muilr, l mj mlrij fcm tbcepj cm Pcrÿ prcscghbø ugl mlril mbstl fc prcsbfcgtcs quc
hlfl ugj fc cstjs pcrtcgchål l sus rcspchtbvjs plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs cg lqucmmjs tbcepjs. Hlfl
 prcsbfcgtc tuvj su bfcjmjiål fc ijncrglr, cg lmiugls jhlsbjgcs cstj pcroufbhø irlvcecgtc l
su plrtbfj pjmåtbhj dlhbâgfjmj cgtrlr cg hrbsbs pjr dlncr tjelfj elmls fchbsbjgcs. Hmlrj
cocepmj fc cstj auc ml irlg hrbsbs quc plslrjg mjs plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs cg mjs lüjs 40 hjej cm
LP^L,, Lhhbø
LP^L Lhhbøgg Pjpu
Pjpumlr
mlr y PPH. Cm PPH y Lhhbøg Pjpu
Pjpumlr
mlr cgtrlrjg
cgtrlrjg cg hrbsbs plrtbhumlrecgt
plrtbhumlrecgtcc
 pjrquc cstjs
cs tjs hj ijncrglrjg fcm lüj 40 lm 43 y gj sjmuhbjglrjg ml hrbsbs chjgøebhl y sjhblm
quc plslnl cm Pcrÿ cg csc tbcepj, pjr cgfc, ml icgtc elgbacstø su rcpufbj y cepczlrjg l
rchdlzlrmjs. Cm LP^L tuvj su elgfltj cg cm lüj 43 lm 20 y cstc tlepjhj pufj sjmuhbjglr cm
 prjnmcel quc sc ltrlvcslnl, pjr csj ml pjnmlhbøg tlepjhj mj lhcptø. Pjr jtrl plrtc, l mj mlrij
fc mjs lüjs suribcrjg plrtbfjs pjmåtbhjs hjg fbstbgtls bfcjmjiåls y fbacrcgtcs cstrltcibls. Cg
mjs lüjs 20 suribø cm plrtbfj pjmåtbhj fc Auobejrb quc sc hlrlhtcrbzø pjr scr ug plrtbfj
hmbcgtcmbstl, cstc plrtbfj sc dbzj euy qucrbfj pjr mjs schtjrcs fjgfc cxbstål pjnrczl yl quc
cstjs rcilmlnlg våvcrcs y dlhålg jnrls plrl quc lså fc cstl elgcrl prìhtbhlecgtc hjeprlg
sus vjtjs sbg quc ml icgtc sc fbcrl hucgtl. Cg su âpjhl fc ijnbcrgj Auobejrb, cxbstbø euhdj
hljs y icgcrø euhdj flüj lm plås pjr fbstbgtjs lhtjs quc cstc hjectbø, quc pcroufbhlrjg
irlvcecgtc l su plrtbfj dlstl ldjrl. L pcslr fc quc cstc dbzj euhdj flüj lm plås y auc
rcpufblfj pjr ml elyjrål fc ml pjnmlhbøg, jtrl plrtc fc cstl mj qubcrc pjr tjfj mj quc dbzj.
 _lvlmctl, >0<6)8
( _lvlmctl,

> Ijgzlmcs, Jselr (<222). ”Ml hrbsbs fc mjs plrtbfjs pcrulgjs. Lpugtcs plrl ugl mchturl sjhbj- dbstørbhl―. Jntcgbfj fc
dttps?//www.rcflmyh.jri/pfa/<>>/<>>0480>.pfa 
8 Elurbhbj _lvlmctl. (>0<6). Hjlmbhbjgcs fc bgfcpcgfbcgtcs. Mls rcimls gj cshrbtls fc ml pjmåtbhl cmchtjrlm. Mbel? Bgstbtutj fc
Cstufbjs Pcrulgjs.
 

HJGHMSXBJGCX 

¹  Lgtc tjfj mj cxpucstj lgtcrbjrecgtc pjfcejs hjghmubr quc?

◊ Pl
Plrtb
rtbfj
fjss pjmå
pjmåtb
tbhj
hjss hj
hjej
ej cm PPH
PPH y Lh
Lhhbø
hbøg
g pj
pjpu
puml
mlrr cg
cgtrl
trlrj
rjg
g cg hrbs
hrbsbs
bs pjr gj slnc
slncr 
r 
rcsjmvcr
rcsjmvcr ml hrbsbs chjgøe
chjgøebhl
bhl y sjhblm. Cg cm hlsj fcm LP^L cgtrø cg ugl elyj
elyjrr hrbsbs
 pjr cepcjrlr ml hrbsbs chjgøebhl y sjhblm quc plslnl cm Pcrÿ cg csjs tbcepjs.

◊ Cm plrtbfj
plrtbfj fc Auobejrb
Auobejrb sc hlrlhtcrbz
hlrlhtcrbzø
ø pjr scr ug plrtbfj
plrtbfj pjmåtbhj
pjmåtbhj hmbc
hmbcgtcmbst
gtcmbstll pjrq
pjrquc
uc gj
tcgål ugl bfcjmjiål hmlrl, sbepmcecgtc sciuålg pcrabmcs prìhtbhjs. Cstjs l su vcz
tcgålg
tcgålg ugl irlg alhb
alhbmbf
mbflf
lf fc ejv
ejvcr
cr cmc
cmchtj
htjrcs
rcs l trlv
trlvâs
âs fc jtj
jtjril
rilrmc
rmcss ncg
ncgcabh
cabhbjs
bjs y
rcilmjs l ml icgtc.

◊ Cm LP^L
LP^L lm ougtlrsc
ougtlrsc hj
hjg
g sus cgc
cgcebi
ebijs
js pjm
pjmåtb
åtbhjs
hjs icgcrø
icgcrø qu
qucc ml pjnm
pjnmlhb
lhbøg
øg fc ml hmlsc
hmlsc
ecfbl y nlol mc fcg ml csplmfl, fc cstl ajrel mjs plrtbfjs bzqubcrfbstls lprjvchdlrjg
cg hlptlr cstl pjnmlhbøg plrl lså pjfcr hrchcr su pjpumlrbflf.

◊ Ml âpjhl
âpjhl fc mj
mjss 40 y 20 sc hlrlhtc
hlrlhtcrbz
rbzø
ø pjr scr cm bgbh
bgbhbj
bj fc ml hrb
hrbsbs
sbs plrl
plrl mjs pl
plrtb
rtbfjs
fjs
 pjmåtbhjs quc plrl pjfcr sciubr cg ml csacrl fc ml pjmåtbhl y sciubr muhdlgfj pjr 
jntcgcr lmiÿg hupj fcgtrj fc cstl tuvbcrjg quc hlenblr frìstbhlecgtc sus cstrltcibls
c bfcjmjiåls.
 

 NBNMBJI^LAÅL
 NBNMBJI^LAÅL

<. Ijgzl
Ijgzlmcs,
mcs, Jse
Jselrlr (<222).
(<222). ”Ml hrbsbs
hrbsbs fc mjs plrtbfj
plrtbfjs
s pcrulg
pcrulgjs.
js. Lpu
Lpugtcs
gtcs plr
plrl
l ugl
dttps?//www.rcflmyh.jri/pfa/<>>/<
mchturl sjhbj- dbstørbhl―. Jntcgbfj fc dttps?//www.rcfl myh.jri/pfa/<>>/<>>0480>.pf
>>0480>.pfa 
a 

>. Elurbhbj _lvlmctl. (>0<6). Hjlmbhbjgcs

Hjlmbhbjgcs fc bgfcpcgf
bgfcpcgfbcgtcs.
bcgtcs. Mls
Mls rciml
rcimls
s gj cshrbtls f
fc
c
ml pjmåtbhl cmchtjrlm. Mbel? Bgstbtutj fc Cstufbjs Pcrulgjs.