]CHSIBK TL_MFLE ” BC_CM@K GFILIMFC_K, R_FOSRL_FK V LBSLIC_K

?2 NSEFK ?4<6
@cm`k hcicrlbkr bce FWL cs el vcitl bc ofics bc jucoecs c fijucoecs fjpkrtlmfkics bcgfifbls k
fjpkrtlmfkics ci jkjcitk ci quc bc jlicrl `loftule vcibc ofcics jucoecs cstk hcicrlibk ce
trfoutk cstì ilmfcibk el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl cs fjpkrtlitc mkjk tkbl rcelmfýi `ujlil tfcic ui
ilmfjfcitk ui bcslrrkeek y tfcic uil cxtfimfýi.

 L plrtfr bce ilmfjfcitk bce `cm`k hcicrlbkr tfcics ui tfcjpk vlefbk quc cs vkeuitlrfljcitc plhlr el
bcubl trfoutlrfl cstk vl vlrflr csk sc eeljl pcrfkbk gfsmle, vlrfl ce trfoutk bc fjpucstk l fjpucstk pkr 
cncjpek ce FWL cs jcisule, ce FSC cs liule, ce _MFWL ci lehuiks mlsks fibcpcibfcitcs cs trfjcstrle
citkimcs vl vlrflr bcoc bc plhlrsc vkeuitlrfljcitc plhlr el bcubl trfoutlrfl bcspuæs bc csk
bcpcibc bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl.
Mki rcelmfýi
rcelmfýi l el cxtfimf
cxtfimfýi
ýi bc koefhl
koefhlmfkic
mfkicss bc els trfout
trfoutlrfls
lrfls bc quæ gkrjl tcrjfi
tcrjfilrêl
lrêl ci tkbk mlsk
pkrquc `c vfstk ci tkbk mlsk pkr jìs quc el cjprcsl l`khl qucorlbk ec sfhuci mkorlibk fjpucs fjpucstks
tks
mkjk sf sfhuc cstlrêl
cstlrêl guimfkilibk
guimfkilibk pkr csk cs fjpkrtli
fjpkrtlitctc ce mkimcptk bce pltrfj
pltrfjkifk
kifk prcscitcs
prcscitcs y
guturks citkimcs el cjprcsl `l vl scr bcubkrl `lstl ce mujpefjfcitk tktle bc els koefhlmfkics pucbc
scr mki sus ofcics guturks k prcscitcs eks rcprcscitlitcs k ce hcrcitcs lbjfifstrlbkr bc pltrfjkifk
pltrfjkifk
bc mksl lncil sf bcjucstrl ce bkek bce jlicnk ci el cjprcsl el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl vl ltlmlr su
pltrfjkifk prcscitc y guturk citkimcs knk l vcmcs ik `ly bkibc mmlcr lcr pcrk el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl
cstì cspcrlibk quc lehk rchfstrcs l tu ikjorc k ekl lhrcskrcs ci hcicrle csl cs el hlrlitêl cstls
cspcrlibk quc lehk rchfstrcs.
Ci quæ puitk gfilefzl `lstl bkibc pkbrì mkorlr fjpucstks tcibrêls quc bcmelrlr quc pkr cncjpek quc
`ls bfsucetk el cjprcsl tcibrêls quc mcrrlr ce ift. V yl ik cgcmtulr eks `cm`ks hcicrlbkrcs quc
hcicrlol.
Ce prfimfpfk ci ce ìjoftk trfoutlrfk cs quc tc mrck bc oucil gc. »\uæ plsl sf bcmelrls sfi jkvfjfcitks
trcs jcscs yl ec mkrrc el juetl; Ik ik ik ik el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl tc mrcc pucbcs bcmelrlr sfi
jkvfjfcitk ik `ly prkoecjl ek fjpkrtlitc cs quc bcmelrcs el koefhlmfýi gkrjle vljks l vcr `ly
koefhlmfkics bc blr y bc `lmcr. El koefhlmfýi bc `lmcr cs quc gkrjlejcitc cs quc bcmelrcs el
koefhlmfýi eks gkrjuelrfks cstloecmfbks tc mrcc bc oucil gc ik tc juetlr.

=.- »bl trcs cncjpeks bc ilmfjfcitk bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl;

_.- pucs ce FSC, ce FWL, pcrk bcoc bc scr bc el vcitl `loftule y ce FRC.
El koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl bce FWL ilmc pkr cncjpek bc els vcitls bce jkjcitk bc els trlisgcrcimfls bc
bkjfifk eks mkitrltks bc korl le jkjcitk bc gfilefzlr y els fjpkrtlmfkics bcgfiftfvls le jkjcitk
bc….
Br. Citkimcs vljks l vcr quc ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr cs cstljks
tljks vfcibk pkr uil ec ci el ecy 02= quc cstl
hcicrlejcitc mulibk sc trltl bc fjpucstks ilmfkilecs, y ci els ecycs bcplrtljcitlecs k juifmfplecs
mulibk
mul ibk sc trltc bc plhlr fjpu
fjpucst
cstks
ks bc els ctls
ctls11 y vljks l vcr quc tcic
tcicjks
jks ui lrtêmuek
lrtêmuek bkib
bkibc
c
cstloecmc luels ski eks `cm`ks hcicrlbkrcs quc sc cstloecmc el ikrjl y vljks l vcr quc cstloecmc
quc tcicjks ktrk lrtêmuek quc iks bfmc mulibk sc pcrgcmmfkil ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr, `cm`k hcicrlbkr 
vcitl `loftule bc ofcics ce lrtfmuek iks bfmc mulibk scl bc el vcitl `loftule iks vl bcmfr ci quæ
jkjcitk
jkjci tk sc vl hcicrl
hcicrlrr ce `cm`k hcicr
hcicrlbkr
lbkr ci ce jkjcitk bc el prcstlmfýi bce scrvf
scrvfmfk
mfk citkimc
citkimcss
`ly quc cstlr ltcitks ci tkbk cstk.
<
 

Guibljcitlejcitc `cm`ks hcicrlbkrcs

]f ecs prchuitk ci ce cxljci bc cncjpeks bc `cm`ks hcicrlbkrcs bce rcmfol mule scrfl, mulibk surhc
ce rcmfol vljks l vcr ci el ikrjl mulibk `ly ui fihrcsk bc pcrskils ilturlecs yl scl sucebks
slelrfks vfìtfmks sc hcicrl ce rcmfol.
Eks eforks bc mkjprls y vcitls cs uil koefhlmfýi gkrjle. Wljks l vcr quc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl cs
vlrfks tfpks bc koefhlmfkics `ly lehuiks trltlbfstls quc iks bfmc quc el koefhlmfýi jìs fjpkrtlitc cs
el koefhlm
koefhlmfýi
fýi bc blr cs bcmf
bcmfrr el koe
koefhl
fhlmfý
mfýii bc plhplhlr
lr ui jkitk pkr el jltc
jltcrfl
rflefz
efzlmf
lmfýi
ýi bce `cm`k
hcicrlbkr sf blr plhlr1 l`ê ktrk tfpk bc koefhlmfkics ci jltcrfl trfoutlrfl quc ski els koefhlmfkics bc
`lmcr y bc ik `lm`lmcrcr mk
mkjk
jk ci jltcr
jltcrfl
fl mf
mfvfe
vfe ttljofæ
ljofæii els koefhl
koefhlmfkics
mfkics bc `lm
`lmcr>
cr> ski p pkr
kr cn
cncjpek
cjpek
fismrftk
fismrftk ci uil sk
skel
el prkgc
prkgcsfýi
sfýi cit
citkimcs
kimcs jc b bcok
cok fis
fismrfof
mrfofrr ci ce plbrýi trfoutlrfk
trfoutlrfk bcok bcme
bcmelrlr 
lrlr 
jcisulejcitc bcok tcicr ce efork bc vcitls bce FWL, bcok tkifgfmlr els glmturls cjftfr glmturls ik ski
koefhlmfkics bc blr ski bc `lmcr
Ci jltcrfl bc slimfkics tljofæi bcocrêl kpcrlr ce jfsjk prfimfpfk bcocrêl, pcrk ik ek `lmc vljks
l vcr quc ci ce sfstcjl trfoutlrfk tcicjks cstc hrli bcgcmtk y ci ce sfstcjl mfvfe pucbc hcicrlr l
pcslr quc ce lrt.<04 bc el MTC FF bfmc quc tkbl slimfýi bcoc vlekrlrsc ci ecy prcvfl ik sc mujpec ci
jltcrfl trfoutlrfl y csk cs ui hrli bcgcmtk quc ik sc mujpec ci jltcrfl trfoutlrfl y lbjfifstrltfvl ci
hcicrle ci Okefvfl.
2 »muìecs ski eks cecjcitks mkistftutfvks bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl;
_. ski ce sunctk lmtfvk quc yl pucbc scr ce lmrccbkr bce trfoutk, ce plsfvk scrfl ce bcubkr y el
koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl cstloecmfbl pkr ce `cm`k fjpkifoec.
Br.- citkimcs bfounljks `ly cecjcitks suonctfvks, konctfvks, mulitftltfvks y muleftltfvks
○ Cecjcitks suonctfvks ski>
<. sunctk
sunc tk lmtf
lmtfvk
vk ce lmrccbkr tftuelr bc el bubl trfoutlrfl, pucbc cncrmcr el lmmfýi trfoutlrfl
plrl mkorlr el bcubl, plrl mkistrcüfr le bcubkr le plhk bc el bcubl. Cstc sunctk lmtfvk
ci ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk sc eeljl lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl. Trkpfljcitc cs ce cstlbk,
pcrk ce cstlbk cs cstl fitcecmtfvl quc ik sc sloc quc cs y `l ikjorc bce cstlbk l `ly
fistftumfkics q SC vli l mkorlr cstl bcubl. Mulibk `loeljks bc lbjfifstrlmfýi
trfoutlrfl cstljks `loelibk bc prkpfljcitc bc quc fistftumfkics scrvfmfks bc ]FI,
lbulil
lbu lil ilm
ilmfki
fkile,
le, hko
hkofcr
fcriks
iks jui
juifmf
fmfple
plecs,
cs, hko
hkofcr
fcriks
iks bcplrt
bcplrtljc
ljcitl
itlecs
ecs y hko
hkofcr
fcriks
iks
fibêhcils krfhfilrfks mljpcsfiks cstls ski lbjfifstrlmfkics trfoutlrfls.
?. ]unctk plsfvk ce bcubkr suncsunctk
tk mkistrc
mkistrcüfbk
üfbk pkr u il bcubl cstc sc eeljl sc ek eeljl
tljofæi sunctk plsfvk k mkitrfouycitc cs ce sunctk quc jltcrflefzl ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr,
el efstl bc eks `cm`ks hcicrlbkrcs quc tcicjks, æe cs ce mkistrcüfbk le plhk bc cstl
koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfk el hlrlitêl bc cstl bcubl cs su pltrfjkifk.
Rcicjks ui cecjcitk quc cs ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr mkjk lquce cecjcitk muleftltfvk quc cstloecmc ce
ilmfjfcitk
ilmfj fcitk bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutl
trfoutlrfl.
rfl. Mulibk ilmc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl
trfoutlrfl l plrtfr bce lmlcm
lmlcmfjfci
fjfcitk
tk
bce `cm`k hcicrlbkr
 Lbcjìs, tcicjks bc eks cecjcitks suonctfvks, cecjcitks muleftltfvks tcicjks cecjcitks
mulitftltfvks.
=. Cecjcitks mulitftltfvks cs el olsc fjpkifoec y el leêmuktl
?
 

»\uæ cs el olsc fjpkifoec y el leêmuktl; 

Mulitftltfvk iks lyubl l mulitfgfmlr mulitk bcubk tcicjks ce ilmfjfcitk bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl y
lehufci tfcic quc tcicr ui jætkbk k ui mrftcrfk plrl cstloecmcr mulitk bcok csks jætkbks sc eeljli
olsc fjpkifoec y el leêmuktl
Olsc fjpkifoec cs ce jkitk quc cstì bcgfifbk pkr el ecy le mule sc ec vl lpefmlr el leêmuktl.
 Leêmuktl cs ce vlekr gfnk pkrmcitule quc sc ec lpefml l el olsc fjpkifoec y mkjk rcsuetlbk bc cstl
lpefmlmfýi sc bctcrjfil ce jkitk bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl. Cncjpek tcicjks ui lmrccbkr quc cs lbulil
ilmfkile ui bcubkr quc cs ui fjpkrtlbkr el ecy cstloecmc quc el fjpkrtlmfýi bc ek cxtcrfkr l ek fitcrfkr 
cstì hrlvlbk pkr ce FWL fjpkrtlmfkics ce hrlvljci lrlimcelrfk y cstks prkbumtks ski fmc y l`ê
citkimcs el Frcic cstì fjpkrtlibk mceuelrcs csc `cm`k hcicrlbkr ci ui mkitcicr bc mceuelrcs bc
mkrcl csl lmtfvfblb mkistftuyc ui `cm`k hcicrlbkr fitrkbummfýi bc jcrmlbcrêl cxtrlincrl le tcrrftkrfk
ilmfkile bc mlrìmtcr bcgfiftfvk vlec `cm`k hcicrlbkr mujpefbk. Olsc fjpkifoec tcihk quc bctcrjfilr 
muìitk vl plhlr pkr el jcrmlbcrêl olsc fjpkifoec el ecy bctcrjfil el olsc fjpkifoec pkr ce prfimfpfk
bc rcscrvl bc ecy sfcjprc el olsc fjpkifoec cs ce vlekr bc el trlislmmfýi y ce gectc csk bfmc el ecy
hcicrle bc lbulils quc vl plhlr ce hrlvljci lrlimcelrfk ci olsc le sfi, bc el jcrmlbcrêl csk ci
quc mkisfstc bcocjks bctcrjfilr muìitk vlec el jcrmlbcrêl plrl csk bcocjks tkjlr ci mucitl el
glmturl mkjcrmfle lbcjìs sujlrec ce mkstc bce schurk y ce gectc ce mkstk bce trlispkrtc
Bcspuæs tcicjks ce cecjcitk csplmfle y ce tcjpkrle1 ci quc mkisfstc ce cecjcitk csplmfle iks
fjpkrtl pkrquc `ly trfoutks csplmflecs y eks trfoutks juifmfplecs sf ce ofci fijucoec cstì uofmlbk ci
mkrkmcrk ce sunctk lmtfvk ik cs pucs el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl bc el plz sfik el lbjfifstrlmfýi
trfoutlrfl bce juifmfpfk,
Bce cecjcitk tcjpkrle sfhifgfml ci ce jkjcitk ci ce quc jltcrflefzk `cecm`k hcicrlbkr csc jkjcitk
tcicjks uil ikrjltfvl nurêbfml trfoutlrfl vfhcitc.
2.- »\uæ cs ce `cm`k fjpkifoec k `cm`k hcicrlbkr;
Ci su lrt. <7 iks bfmc quc ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr cs el gucrzl bc ilturleczl nurêbfml k cmkiýjfml
Br.cs ui `fpktætfmk cstloecmfbk ci el ecy cs plrcmfbk le tfpk pcile, tle vcz cs bc jlicrl hcicrle k bc
jlicrl lostrlmtl, ui prcsupucstk y qufci mlc ci ce prcsupucstk hcicrl el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl ci el
ecy cstì qufci rclefmc fjpkrtlmfkics figfiftfvls blrì FWL sf vfcic nuefk y `lmc uil fjpkrtlmfýi fibcgfiêl
citkimcs `l jltcrflefzlbk ce prcsupucstk cstloecmfbk ci el ecy csl jltcrflefzlmfýi bce prcsupucstk
cs ce ilm
ilmfjf
fjfcit
citk
k bc el koe
koefhl
fhlmfý
mfýi
i trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfl.
l. Ce `cm
`cm`k
`k hci
hcicrl
crlbkr
bkr cs ce prc
prcsup
supucs
ucstk
tk nurêbf
nurêbfml
ml k
cmkiýjfml cstloecmfbk icmcslrfljcitc ci el ecy ci vfrtub bce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy muyk
lmlcmfjfcitk rclefzlbk pkr ui sunctk bctcrjfil ce ilmfjfcitk bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl, cs ui
supucstk mujpecs csc supucstk yl cstl
3 bc trcs cncjpeks bc `cm`k hcicrlbkr
_.- ce fjpucstk le vlekr lhrchlbk ce lequfecr y ce sub lequfecr
lequfecr bc ofics jucoecs
jucoecs c fijuc
fijucoecs
oecs el vcitl
`loftule bc ofcics c fijucoecs y els fjpkrtlmfkics bcgfiftfvl1 ce fjpucstk bfrcmtk l eks `fbrkmlrourks
bc el prkbummfýi bc `fbrkmlrourks ci tkbk ce tcrrftkrfk ilmfkile1 ce pucstk le `uchk eks nuchks bc
plslr y skrtcks

7.- »Muìibk sc pcrgcmmfkil ce `cm`k hcicrlbk k rclefzlbk ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr ci el mkibfmfýi

suspcisfvl;

=
 

»\uc cs mkibfmfýi suspcisfvl prfjcrk; Lmkitcmfjfcitk guturk c fimfcrtk pkr ce mule sc vl bctcrjfilr 
ce ilmfjfcitk bc uil mksl.
Citkim
Citkimcs
cs muml
mumlib
ibkk sc pc pcrg
rgcm
cmmf
mfki
kil
l ci ce lrtê
lrtêmu
muek
ek <8 bl pcrg
pcrgcm
cmmf
mfki
kilj
ljfc
fcit
itk…
k………
………l
…lit
itc
c ce
mujpefjfcitk bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl…
Br. Wle
Wlecc mki
mkibfm
bfmfýi
fýi sus
suspci
pcisfv
sfvl
l `ly tlj
tljofæ
ofæi
i mki
mkibfm
bfmfýi
fýi rcskeu
rcskeutkr
tkrfl
fl mul
mulibk
ibk sc pcrgcm
pcrgcmmfk
mfkilr
ilrêl
êl el
rcskeutkrfl ci ce jkjcitk bce `cm`k fifmfle cs quc ci lquê ilmc yl ce bcrcm`k y ek quc cstì pcibfcitc
cs su cxtfimfýi
8.- »muìecs ski eks sunctks ci el rcelmfýi nurêbfml trfoutlrfl;
]ki ? quc cs ]SNCRK LMRFWK quc cs ce cstlbk quc cs rcprcscitlbl pkr el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl
Ce ]SNCRK TL]FWK quc cs ce mkitrfouycitc k sustftutk quc bcoc mujpefr mki els koefhlmfkics
trfoutlrfls
Br. Bcspuæs vljks l vcr quc bcitrk bc cstks sunctks plsfvks `ly eks sustftutks y eks tcrmcrks
rcspkisloecs.
0.- »qufæi cs ce sunctk lmtfvk bc el rcelmfýi trfoutlrfl y qufcics ek rcprcscitli ci Okefvfl;
Ce cstl
cstlbk
bk cstì
cstì mki
mki el lbjf
lbjfif
ifst
strl
rlmf
mfýi
ýi tr
trfo
fout
utlrf
lrfl
l y `l
`lyy cs
cstl
tl ek qu
quc
c sc
scrê
rêl
l el lbul
lbulil
il,, hk
hkof
ofcr
crik
ikss

juifmfplecs, hkofcriks bcplrtljcitlecs c fibêhcil krfhfilrfk mljpcsfik.

6.- »mýjk sc fbcitfgfml ce sunctk plsfvk trfoutlrfk;
 ]c fbcitfgfml cstl pcrskil cstì koefhlbl le mujpefjfcitk bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl y cstc fibfvfbuk cs
ce mkitrfouycitc k sustftutk.
Ci lehuils jkblefblbcs ik sfcjprc cstloecmc el ecy qufci vl scr ce sunctk plsfvk, pcrk ci lehuils sê.
Cstk ik sc pucbc bcspelzlr, ci eks mkitrltks bc vc`êmueks pkr cncjpek iksktrks ik pkicjks ci eks
mkitrltks bcmfjks nuefk mkjprl ui lutk bfchk ec cstì vcibfcibk quc mkekmljks hcicrlejcitc ce
lokhlbk mkekml quc ce mkjprlbkr vl plhlr ce FJR mulibk el ecy bfmc quc ce sunctk plsfvk cs ce
vcibcbkr qufci rcmfoc ce bficrk ek quc `lmcjks mki ce bficrk cs quc ce trltk cs bcspelzlr el
rcspkislofefblb, y cgcmtfvljcitc ce mkjprlbkr vl plhlr trfoutk y yl pcrk cstì `lmfcibk l ikjorc bce
vcibcbkr sf tfcic lehþi prkoecjl ce rcspkisloec bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl cs ce vcibcbkr sê.
<4.- »\ufæics pucbci rcmlcr ci mlefblb bc sunctk plsfvk;
Tucbci rcmlcr ce bcubkr k ce mkitrfouycitc k sustftutk quc mkitlr cstloecmc ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk lrt.?31
Br. \ufci cs ce mkitrfouycitc cs qufci jltcrflefzl ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr ce `l jltcrflefzlbk ce `cm`k
hcicrlbkr lbcjìs bc quc jltcrflefzli ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr, `ly uiks sunctks quc sc eeljli eks
sustftutks vli l scr lhcitcs bc pcrmcpmfýi k lhcitcs bc rctcimfýi ski eks quc rcjpelzli le
mkitrfouycitc ci el rcelmfýi nurêbfmk trfoutlrfk.
Rcrmcrk rcspkisloec quc cs ce hcrcitc bc el cjprcsl, ce lbjfifstrlbkr bc ui pltrfjkifk lncik bcoc
rcle
rclefz
fzlr
lr el ko
koefefhl
hlmf
mfýi
ýi tr
trfo
fout
utlr
lrfl
fl bc jl
jlic
icrl
rl bfef
bfefhc
hcit
itc
c sf ik ek `l
`lmc
mc vl sc
scrr rc
rcsp
spki
kisl
sloe
oec
c litc
litc el
lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl.
<<.- »cs fjpkrtlitc el mlplmfblb bc korlr ci ce ìjoftk trfoutlrfk;

2
 

Ik cs fjpkrtlitc mkjk tljofæi bfmc ce lrt.?= bfmc quc els pcrskils nurêbfmls k mkecmtfvks ce < ci els
pcrskils ilturlecs prcsmfibfcibk bc su mlplmfblb bce bcrcm`k prfvlbk.
Br. Ci jltcrfl trfoutlrfl ik fjpkrtl el mlplmfblb bc korlr (sc lbqufcrc l plrtfr bc eks <0 lüks) pkr 
quc pucbc `locr ui jcikr prkpfctlrfk
prkpfctlrfk bc cqufpk bc ui ofci fijuco
fijucoecec l csc jcikr sc ec mkorl l su
rcprcscitlitc echle su leolmcl su tutkr su tutkrl `ly c fitcrbfmtk sc ek rcspctl.
?7 NSEFK ?4<6

Ce sustftutk cs el pcrski
pcrskill ilturl
ilturlee k nurêbfml bcgfifbl pkr el lutkrf
lutkrfblb
blb trfoutlrf
trfoutlrfl
l quc bcoci mujpefr els
koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfls.
Br.> Citkimcs, bcoc scr pcrskil nurêbfml bcgfifbl, ce sustftutk y cs ce quc rcjpelzl le mkitrfouycitc,
`ly rcelmfkics, pcrk lsê mkjk `ly rcelmfkics `ujlils bc eks ciljkrlbks, l vcmcs `ly sustftutks
mulibk rccjpelzli l uik. Bcoc scr `fpktætfmljcitc bcgfifbl y lquê. Wljks l vcr quc cstc sustftutk
ci iucstrk krbciljfcitk trfoutlrfk pucbci scr bks tfpks bc pcrskil>
<. Ce lhci
lhcitc
tc bc rctc
rctcim
imfý
fýi
i
?. Ce l
lhc
hcit
itc
c bc pc
pcrm
rmcp
cpmf
mfýi
ýi
Tkbcjks bcmfr ci quc mkisfstc ce lhcitc bc rctcimfýi y bc pcrmcpmfýi

 Ce lhcitc
Ljlefl>quc
prfvlbl, bc rctcimfýi
fitcrvcihl ci lmtkscstì bctcrjfilbk
k ichkmfks pkr quc
nurêbfmks, el ecypucbc
k uillmtulr
fistftumfýi
ci l pþoefml k uil fistftumfýi
rctcimfýi.
 Lhcitc bc pcrmcpmfýi, cs tkbl pcrskil bcsfhilbl pkr el ecy quc su prkgcsfýi, kgfmfk, lmtfvfblb k
prkgcsfýi cstì ci mkibfmfýi bc rcmfofr ce jkitk bc fjpucstks.
Br.> Cncjpek bc lhcitc bc rctcimfýi y lhcitcs bc pcrmcpmfýi.
Mkjplücrl> Tucbc scr mulibk uil cjprcsl ui prkgcsfkile vl l eecvlr l mlok uil mfcrtl guimfýi pcrk
ik ekhrl l cgcmtulr el glmturl mkjk tle y sc ec eecvl l ui fjpucstk bc rctcimfýi, vlec ce ?4.
Br.> Wljks l pkicr bks cncjpeks, uik mki ce FWL y ce ktrk mki ce _MFWL. Wljks l vcr lhcitcs bc
rctcimfýi ci ce FWL, Cstc lhcitc bc rctcimfýi cs ui sustftutk bce mkitrfouycitc, bcsfhilbk bc
jlicrl hciærfml pkr el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl y quc ci vfrtub bc mfcrtks lmtks rccjpelzl le
mkitrfouycitc.
»\uæ plsl ci ce _M-FWL mkimrctljcitc;, Cstc scükr cs ui cjpeclbk bcpcibfcitc, eks cjpeclbks
bcpcibfcitcs plhli _M FWL, »Muìe cs ce `cm`k hcicrlbks bce _M FWL; Tcrmfofr fihrcsks mkjk
pcrskil ilturle mkjk bcpcibfcitc. Citkimcs sf ustcbcs vli l trlolnlr ci uil citfblb prfvlbl mkjk
bcpcibfcitcs, vli l jltcrflefzlr ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr mkjk ce _M FWL, tfcici quc plhlr ce <=% bc
sus fihrcsks, `ly uil jlicrl bc mkjpcislr cstk pcrk ek vljks l vcr bcspuæs mki glmturls mki
mræbftk gfsmle, pcrk sfi cjolrhk rcsuetl Mlrel citrl l trlolnlr le Jfifstcrfk bc Jcbfk Ljofcitc y Lhul,
y rcmfoc su sucebk y ce <=% bce _M FWL ec vli l rctcicr sfjpecjcitc ik prcscitl els glmturls plrl
mkjp
mkjpcicisl
slrr bc sus
sus <4.4
<4.444
44 ok
okefefvf
vfli
liks
ks ec rc rctftfci
cici
ci ce <=
<=%
% »Csk qufqufci
ci rct
rctfci
fcic;
c; EL SI SIFBL
FBLBB
LBJFIF]R_LRFWL, `ly ui `kj `kjorc orc `lo
`lofef
feftlb
tlbk
k rctrctfci
fcic
c lqu
lqucee
ceek,
k, y mulibk
mulibk rctfci
rctfcicc lqu
lqucee
ceek
k ci els
mucitls bce Jfifstcrfk, el Mlrel bcslplrcmc bc el rcelmfýi nurêbfml trfoutlrfl y qufci sc `lmc mlrhk bc
el bcubl grcitc l el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl pkrquc yl sc `l rctcifbk cs ce CJTECLBK_, EL
SIFBLB LBJFIF]R_LRFWL CE MKIRLBK_. Lüks bcspuæs pucbci vcifr eks bc fjpucstks y ec
pucbci bcmfr kyc Mlrel e ?4 bc Kmtuo
Kmtuorc rc bce ?4<6 ik `ls plhlbk _M FWL, EK SIFM SIFMK K \SC EC BFMC

3
 

ML_EL C] JF_L JF OKECRL JC @LI BC]MKIRLBK, pkr ek tlitk `kibl `loel mki ce Jfifstcrfk bc
Jcbfk Ljofcitc y Lhul, ceeks ski eks lhcitcs bc rctcimfýi, ceeks jc `li rctcifbk ek quc yk `loêl bc
`locr plhlbk mkjk trfoutks, y bcspuæs bc el koefhlmfýi quc tfcic ce lhcitc bc rctcimfkics cs ce
pkslr csl peltl ltrlvcsý bc els gkrjlefblbcs cstloecmfbls l el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl.
Ci ce FWL mki ce cncjpek bc el Jlrfoce, plsl lehk plrcmfbk, mulibk vks mkitrltls l uil pcrskil quc
ik orfibl glmturl ek quc tfcic s quc `lmcr cs rctcicr ce jkitk bce trfoutk plrl bcspuæs csc jkitk bce
trfoutk plslr l el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl, cs ce mlsk pkr cncjpek, gfrjý ui mkitrltk plrl gfrjlr ui
mkitrltk plrl blr melscs prfvlbls, ci ui pksthrlbk ci el Sifoec, STO, sf ik ecs vky l blr glmturl ceeks
bcoci rctcicr ce jkitk bce FWL y bce FR, rctfcici y euchk bcpksftli csk l el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl,
Jc pl
plsl
slol
ol cstk
cstk ci el Lb
Lbul
ulil
il Il
Ilmf
mfki
kile,
le, crl prkm
prkmur
urlb
lbkr,
kr, ci ek
ekss nu
nuzh
zhlb
lbks
ks RC MKMKO_O_LI
LI TKTK_ _
RC]RFJKIFK], IKRFGFMLMFKIC], citkimcs ek quc yk bcoêl `lmcr lbcjìs bc plhlr eks ? pcsks
plrl ce tcstfjkifk crl mlemuelr ce jkitk bc rctcimfýi y tciêl quc `lmcr uils pcrfpcmfls l`ê plrl tc
cstky mkorlibk ?4 pkr ce tcstfjkifk ci plpcecs, pcrk ci rclefblb tc cstky plhlibk ?<.34 cstky
rctcifcibk csc trfoutk pkrquc ik jc cstìs blibk glmturl, csc cs ce lhcitc bc rctcimfýi.
Cncjpek bc lhcitc bc pcrmcpmfýi yl iks bfk el mkjplül ücrl »Muìe cs tu ikjorc; Ljlefl.
Cstc sunctk lhcitc bc rctcimfýi pkr su rcelmfýi pkr su mlrhk pkr sus guimfkics, cstl bcsfhilbk pkr el
lbjfifstrlmfýi plrl pcrmfofr trfoutks, cncjpek meìsfmk cs ce bc el plz, vls l plhlr tlsl bc lsc puoefmk
mkinui
mkinuitlj
tljcit
citc
c mki el glm
glmtur
turll bce mki
mkisuj
sujkk bc el cec
cecmtr
mtrfmf
fmfblb
blb,, l`ê bcel plz pcrmf
pcrmfoc
oc ce trf
trfout
outk,
k,
mkinuitljci
mkinuitljcitctc mki ce mkisujk bc el cicrh
cicrhêl
êl puoefml bcspuæs ek pcrmfoc, k bcpks
bcpksftl
ftl ek cjpkz
cjpkzl
l l el
lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl, csks ski lhcitcs bc rctcimfýi y lhcitcs bc pcrmcpmfýi.
Mulibk vky y plhk el glmturl bc el plz cstky plhlibk jf tlsl bc leujorlbk pþoefmk y csc jkjcitk
bcslplrcmc jf rcelmfýi puoefml y ce vêimuek cs mki
mki ce lhcitc bc pcrmcpmfýi, pkr csks ski sustftutks,
rccjpelzli ce rcelmfýi nurêbfml le mkitrfouycitc.
»Mýjk sc lpefmlrl ce prfimfpfk bc echlefblb;
Mlrel> Cs ui prfimfpfk guibljcitle plrl ce bcrcm`k trfoutlrfk mkjk cstloecmc ce lrtêmuek ?3, Cs
sustftutk el pcrskil ilturle k nurêbfml hciærfmljcitc bcgfifbl pkr bfspksfmfýi ikrjltfvl, ce sustftutk cs
ui sunctk plsfvk quc bcoc scr bcsfhilbk pkr ecy ltcibfcibk l mlbl melsc bc trfoutk, kocbcmfcibk els
ikrjls mkjpecjcitlrfls.

Br.> Citkimcs, iucstrk lutkr Legrcbk Ociêtcz prktcstl pkr ce fimujpefjfcitk bc el rcscrvl bc ecy, iks
bfmc bcoc scr cxprcsljcitc scülelbks pkr el ecy, y jum`ls vcmcs cstks sustftutks yl scl mkjk
lhcitc bc rctcimfýi k pcrmcpmfýi, ski ikjorlbks bc jlicrl hciærfml mki rcspcmtk l rcskeumfkics
ikrjltfvls bce bfrcmtkrfk, iucstrk lutkr bfmc quc ik bcocrêl sumcbcr pkr ce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy.
 Lbrflil> »Muìecs ski eks cgcmtks bc el skefblrfblb ci el trfoutlmfýi;, Cstì cstloecmfbk ci ce lrtêmuek
<7 bce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk, quc bfmc quc el koefhlmfýi pucbc scr cxfhfbl l mulequfcrl bc eks bcubkrcs,
plhk bc eks bcubkrcs quc hcicrl l eks bcjìs y ce mujpefjfcitk bce plhk pucbc efocrlr l eks bcjìs y
el cxtcisfýi bc el koefhlmfýi lemlizl l tkbks eks ocicgfmflrfks.
Br.> Citkimcs vljks l vcr quc ci jltcrfl trfoutlrfl, cstl koefhlmfýi pucbc scr fibfvfbule k skefblrfl,
vljks
vlj ks l vcr quc tci
tcicjk
cjkss uil koe
koefhl
fhlmfý
mfýi
i ske
skefbl
fblrfl
rfl mul
mulibk
ibk `li jltcrf
jltcrflef
lefzlb
zlbkk ce jfs
jfsjk
jk `cm
`cm`k
`k
hcicrlbkr, vlrfls pcrskils ilturlecs k pcrskils nurêbfmls ci cstl rcelmfýi lpefml el skefblrfblb, ik el
jlimkjuifblb, uil bcubl skefblrfl, ci jltcrfl mfvfe `ly el jlimkjuilbl y el skefblrfl, cncjpek,
tcicjks uil sumcsfýi `crcbftlrfl y vljks l vcr quc eks `fnks tfcici uil koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl, y el

7
 

lbjfifstrlmfýi
lbjfifstrlm fýi trfou
trfoutlrfl
tlrfl pucbc mkorlr
mkorlrecs
ecs l muleq
mulequfcrl
ufcrl bc ceeks, cefhc el lbjfi
lbjfifstrl
fstrlmfýi
mfýi trfoutl
trfoutlrfl,
rfl, l
mulequfcrl ec mkorl, cefhc le quc tcihl jlykrjcitc bks mucitls ci bks olimks y lbcjìs quc tfcic el
mlitfblb sugfmfcitc plrl plhlr el bcubl, y ik ec fjpkrtl ek quc ecs vlyl l plslr mki eks bcjìs,
pkrquc ce quc `l mkorlbk bcoc `lmcr uil lmmfýi bc rcpctfmfýi
rcpctfmfýi l eks bcjìs bc ssus
us `crjliks, pcrks
csk l el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl ik ec fjpkrtl. Ce plhk pkr mulequfcrl bc ceeks lgcmtl l tkbks l csk
sc rcgfcrc el skefblrfblb bc els koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfl.
3 »Ci quæ mlsk eks tcrmcrks ski rcspkisloecs trfoutlrfks;
Efz> schþi ce lrtêmuek ?0 bce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk F. ]ki rcspkisloecs bce mujpefjfcitk bc els koefhlmfkics
trfoutlrfls quc bcrfvli bce pltrfjkifk quc lbjfifstrci>
<. Eks plbrcs, leolmcls, tutkrcs y murlbkrcs bc eks fimlplmcs.
?. Eks bfrcmtkrcs, lbjfifstrlbkrcs, hcrcitcs y rcprcscitlitcs bc els pcrskils nurêbfmls y bcjìs
citcs mkecmtfvks mki pcrskilefblb echlejcitc rcmkikmfbl.
=. Eks quc bfrfnli, lbjfifstrci k tcihli el bfspkifofefblb bc eks ofcics bc citcs mkecmtfvks quc
mlrcmci bc pcrskilefblb nurêbfml.
2. Eks jlibltlrfks k hcstkrcs vkeuitlrfks rcspcmtk bc eks ofcics quc lbjfifstrci y bfspkihli.
3. Eks sêibfmks bc qufcorls k mkimursks, eks efqufblbkrcs c fitcrvcitkrcs y eks rcprcscitlitcs bc els
skmfcblbcs ci efqufblmfýi k efqufblbls, lsê mkjk eks lbjfifstrlbkrcs nubfmflecs k plrtfmuelrcs bc els
sumcsfkics. FF. Cstl rcspkislofefblb lemlizl tljofæi l els slimfkics quc bcrfvci bce fimujpefjfcitk
bc els koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfls l quc sc rcgfcrc cstc Mýbfhk y bcjìs bfspksfmfkics ikrjltfvls.
Br.> Rcrmcrks rcspkisloecs ski tkbks eks quc `l scülelbk el Efz. ]ki lbjfifstrlbkrcs bc pltrfjkifks
lnciks, tutkrcs leolmcls hcrcitcs gfbcfmkjfslrfks, lehk jkjcitk pucbci scr rcspkisloecs trfoutlrfks.
7 »Muìecs el rchuelmfýi vfhcitc rcspcmtk l el rcspkislofefblb mkjuiftlrfl suosfbflrfl;
Bfchk> Oìsfmljcitc yk ec `c pucstk tkbk ek quc cstì ci ce lrtêmuek =4 bce Mýbfhk Rrfoutlrfk quc bfmc>
Mulibk ce pltrfjkifk bce sunctk plsfvk ik eechlrl l muorfr el bcubl trfoutlrfl, ce rcspkisloec pkr 
rcprcscitlm
rcprcscitlmfýi
fýi bce sunct
sunctk
k suosf
suosfbflrfk
bflrfk bc el bcubl fjplh
fjplhl,
l, rcspkibfcib
rcspkibfcibkk fefjftlbljc
fefjftlbljcitc
itc pkr ce slebk
mki su prk
prkpfk
pfk plt
pltrfj
rfjkif
kifk,
k, sfc
sfcjpr
jprcc y mul
mulibk
ibk sc `uo
`uofcr
fcrl
l lmtulb
lmtulbkk mki bkebkek.
k. El rcspki
rcspkislo
slofef
fefblb
blb

suosfbflrfl lemlizl le lbjfifstrlbkr

æstc gucrl ficxfstcitc le jkjcitk bcbc pltrfjkifk
fifmflrsc ellncik, pkr cetrfoutlrfl
cncmumfýi tktle bc el bcubl
pkr `locrtrfoutlrfl,
mcslbk mulibk
ci sus
lmtfvfblbcs els pcrskils nurêbfmls k pkr `locr gleecmfbk el pcrskil ilturle tftuelr bce pltrfjkifk,
sfcjprc y mulibk sc `uofcrl lmtulbk mki bkek. El jfsjl rcspkislofefblb sc tfcic pkr eks lmtks
kmurrfbks burlitc su hcstfýi y scrìi rcspkisloecs skefblrfks mki eks quc ecs litcmcbfcrki, ik ek
rcjcbflrci.
Br.> Wljks l vcr quc `ly uil rchel, lbjfifstrls ui pltrfjkifk lncik, ce pltrfjkifk lncik hcicrl
trfoutks y ce lbjfifstrlbkr lmtþl bc jlicrl bkeksl ci ce mujpefjfcitk bc els koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfls y
uil vcz quc lhktc ce pltrfjkifk bce mkitrfouycitc vucevc l plslr l ltlmlr vucevc l plslr el bcubl
mki ce pltrfjkifk bce lbjfifstrlbkr bc el mksl lncil, citkimcs ce hcrcitc ce sêibfmk pucbc vcr 
lgcmtlbk su pltrfjkifk uil vcz quc sc pucbc mkorlr els bcubls ci olsc l su pltrfjkifk ik le quc
lbjfifstrlol, prkvfsfýi echle plrl quc eks rcprcscitlitcs sêibfmks, el cjprcsl quc rcprcscitlol csk
`lmc quc els cjprcsls lmtþli bc jlicrl prfjfhcifl.

8
 

Wfrhfefk> Br. \ucrêl lrhujcitlr ci mulitk l el rchuelmfýi, `c cimkitrlbk uil rcskeumfýi ikrjltfvl
<444?4 ?4<= lrtfmuek 2 ce ikjorc furfs bfmc rcspkisloecs suosfbflrfk, cs el pcrskil ilturle le quc el
lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl bcoc cxfhfr ce plhk bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl mulibk bcspuæs bc `locrel bfrfhfbk
le sunctk plsfvk ik `l tcifbk ce mujpefjfcitk bc el prcstlmfýi bcofbl, y tljofæi le rcspcmtk bfmc el
prcscitc rcskeumfýi bfmc plrl cefjfilr el pcrmcpmfýi lbjfifstrltfvl y cstk el koefhlmfýi bce plhk l eks
mkitrfouycitcs y eks lbjfifstrlbkrcs.
8. »Muìecs ski els trcs `fpýtcsfs quc pelitcl ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk plrl el sumcsfýi bc el bcubl
trfoutlrfl;
Nfjcil ski =>
<. Eks mkitrltks trfoutlrfks pkr rcskeumfýi l têtuek plrtfmuelr.
?. ]umcsfýi bc pcrskils l tftuek Sifvcrsle
=. El trlsjfsfýi bc koefhlmfkics bc pcrskils nurêbfmls
 Lbrflil> ]umcsfýi l têtuek plrtfmuelr rcmucrbk quc
quc `loêl uil bcubl l ui hrcjfle
V ce ktrk mlsk crl quc el bcubl trfoutlrfl crl pkr echle fbk, trlisgcrcimfl pþoefml.
]umcsfýi bc trlisjfsfýi l tftuek Sifvcrsle, sc `crcbl

Br.> Mki el jucrtc ik sc cxtfihuc el bcubl trfoutlrfl sfik sc trlisjftc. Mlsk plrlbfhjìtfmk, ce mlsk
bc Jlx Gcriìibcz rknls, plpl bc Nki Gcriìibcz quc sc bcbfmlol l el mcrvczl, bucük MOI mulibk
gleecmfý `ly uil trlisjfsfýi trfoutlrfl cikrjc.
Kbrfil> El uetfjl bfgfcrk mki ek quc bfmc Nfjcil pkrquc yk tciêl sumcsfýi bc ofcics Jcrmlitfecs,
»quc tciêls Nfjcil; El koefhlmfýi bc trlisjfsfýi l pcrskils nurêbfmls.
 Lbrflil> El rcspkislofefblb sc efjftlol le plhk bc ofcics quc sc
sc trlisjftêl
0 »Els koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfls sc trlisjftli pkr mlusl bc jucrtc bce sumcskr, ik k pkrquc;
M`rfstfli> ]f sc trlisjftcs, pkrquc lsê mkjk plsli eks bcrcm`ks y koefhlmfkics l bcsmcibfcitcs k
lsmcibfcitcs, sc trlisjftci.

Br.> »Mýjk pkbrêljks cvftlr quc ui pltrfjkifk mki uil hrli mlitfblb bc bcubls lgcmtc l iucstrl
vfbl pcrskile;
Frcic> Cs icmcslrfk ik bcmelrlrsc `crcbcrks.
Br.> IK.
Mkjplücrk> Cs icmcslrfk lmcptlr el sumcsfýi olnk ocicgfmfk bc fivcitlrfk.
Br.> Wlec, sê.
Br.> Wljks l vcr quc `ly bks tfpks bc lmcptlmfýi bc `crcimfl> Lmcptlmfýi Sifvcrsle hcicrle, y
uil lmcptlmfýi mki Ocicgfmfk bc Fivcitlrfks,
»\uæ sfhifgfml el lmcptlmfýi mki ocicgfmfk bc fivcitlrfk;
]fhifgfml quc tu bcsmkigêls quc ce pltrfjkifk quc tc cstìi bcnlibk tfcic jìs bcubls, quc
fihrcsks, quc bcocs jìs letk quc ce `locr, bfmcs ui lrrltftk lmcptk el `crcimfl ci vcs y
0
 

mulibk sc cstloeczml el `crcimfl sf `ly jlykr mlitfblb bc bcubls cstl ik sc jc trlisjftl. El

sftulmfýi mki ocicgfmfk bc fivcitlrfk.
Mlrel> »]f ik lmcptl y els bcubls ski juy gucrtcs qufæi plhl;
Br.> _cjltli tkbks eks ofcics k sc jkictfzli tkbks eks ofcics y sc plhli tkbls els bcubls. ]f ce
pltrfjkifk ik lemlizl els bcubls ski fjplhls. Tkr csk `ly cstl gfhurl mki lmcptlmfýi bc ofcics mki
ocicgfmfk bc fivcitlrfk »plrl quæ; Tlrl quc ce sumcskr ik sc `lhl mlrhk bc bcubls quc æe ik `l
bctcrjfilbk. Rfcic quc tcicr el prcvfsfýi bc lmcptlr el `crcimfl mki ocicgfmfk bc fivcitlrfk.
6. »\uæ ski els cxmcpmfkics trfoutlrfls;
]chþi
]chþ i ce lrtê
lrtêmu
muek
ek <6 MR
MROO iks
iks bf
bfmc qucc F. Cxcimfýi cs el bfspcisl bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl
mc qu
jltcrfl1 cstloecmfbl cxprcsljcitc pkr Ecy.
»\uæ sfhifgfml csk;
_lquce> el cxmcpmfýi cs uil mkimcsfýi k rcspkislofefblb bc ik plhlr trfoutks le Cstlbk.
Br.> »quc citcibcjks pkr cxcimfýi; »V sf mkikmcs lehuil cxcimfýi;
_lquce> pucbci scr hrupks mkjk fistftumfkics bc ik plhlr trfoutks.
Br.> »quc sfhifgfmlrl bfspcisl;
Br.> »\uæ cs el cxcimfýi; Ci vfrtub bce prfimfpfk bc el rcscrvl bc ecy, el ecy þifmljcitc el ecy pucbc
cstloecmcr mlusls bc ik lpefmlmfýi bc els ikrjls trfoutlrfls, ik hcicrlmfýi bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl l
pcrskils ilturlecs k nurêbfmls, cstloecmfbls ci eks prcmcptks echlecs trfoutlrfks. Cncjpek, ci vfrtub l
su guimfýi, su `fstkrfl su rcelmfýi mki ce Cstlbk el ecy trfoutlrfl cstloecmc quc eks ocicjærftks bc el
pltrfl pkr su rcelmfýi mki ce Cstlb
Cstlbk,
k, pkr su `fstkrf
`fstkrfl
l l pcslr quc hcicrlefz
hcicrlefzli
li ce `cm`k hcicrlb
hcicrlbkr,
kr, bc
scr prkpfctlrfks
prkpfctlrfks bc ofcics fijucoecs ceeks ik sc ecs vl hcicrlr el koefhlmfýi
koefhlmfýi trfoutl
trfoutlrfl
rfl y pkr ek tlitk
ik vli l plhlr el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl l eks ofcics fijucoecs, citkimcs ceeks cstìi bfspcislbks,
bfsmueplbks, cxfjfbks bce plhk bce trfoutk. Ceeks jltcrflefzli ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr y pkr rlzkics bc ecy
ceeks ik plhli ce trfoutk pkrquc el ecy ci guimfýi l su mlrhk su rclmmfýi l su `fstkrfl eks `l cxfjfbk
bc
bcee plhk
plhk bc
bcee trfo
trfout
utk.
k. Kt
Ktrk
rkss cncj
cncjpe
peks
ks tk
tkbk
bkss eks
eks quc
quc fj
fjpk
pkrt
rtlj
ljks
ks ofofci
cics
cs bc bcoc
ocjk
jkss pl
plhl
hlrr Fo
Fol
l
fjpkrtlmfkics y hrlvljci lrlimcelrfk pcrk el ecy hcicrle bc lbulils ec ecy 02= cstloecmc quc> eks
bfpekjìtfmks, schþiy cepkr
rcspctk l su mlrhk trltlbk fitcrilmfkile
rcmfprkmfblb. cstloecmc
Citkimcs, qucmltchkrêls
`ly bks cstìi cxcitks ce plhktrfoutlrfl,
ci jltcrfl bc cstks el
trfoutks pkr 
cxcimfýi
y el cxmeusfýi
EL CPCIMFKI.- El cstloecmc ce ýrhlik echfseltfvk y cstloecmc quc `cm`k vli l qucblr cxmeufbks
mkjk `cm`ks hcicrlbkrcs, y sfi cjolrhk el cxcimfýi bfmc> tkbks eks quc tcihli mloceeks vli l
plhlr trfoutks cxmcptk tkbks eks quc tcihli mloceek rknk, eks vljks l cxmcpmfkilr l tkbks quc tcihli
mloceek rknk.
CPCIMFKI bcoc cstlr cstloecmfbk ci ecy y bcoc cstloecmcrsc mki ce jætkbk eftcrle k hrljltfmle, ectrl
pkr ectrl, l pcslr bc quc el cxcimfýi cstì rcmkikmfbl pkr ecy bcoc cgcmtulrsc ui trìjftc gkrjle bc
rcmkikmfjfcitk bc cxcimfýi, eks jc rcjcrftks bcoci fr le hkofcrik juifmfple y trljftlr ui trìjftc bc
cxmcpmfýi, `ly uil gkrjlefblb quc mujpefr. Ktrks quc cstìi cncjpeks ski els KIH], cstìi cxcitks
bc FSC pcrk
kotcicr tfcici quc trljftlr uil cxcimfýi le Jfifstcrfk bc Cmkikjêl y Gfilizls. Icmcsftli
uil gkrjlefblb.

6
 

Si cncjpek bc cxmeusfýi pkbrêljks vcr ce FMC, ce fmc hrlvl el glorfmlmfýi y mkjcrmflefzlmfýi bc

ocofbls lemk`ýefmls, pcrk cstì cxmeufbk ce mkisujk.
Ce quc mkisujc cstì cxmeufbk
cxmeufbk bce FMC bcitrk bce ìjoftk bc lemlimc bce `cm`k hcicrlbk
hcicrlbkrr cstì
cxmeufbk. Ci mljofk ci el cxcimfýi cstls bcitrk pcrk pkr tu mlrhk, pkr tu ilturleczl. Tkr tu
guimfýi qucbls bfsmueplbk, cxfjfbk bce plhk bc trfoutks, skek quc tfcics quc trljftlr csl
cxcimfýi litc el lutkrfblb lbjfifstrltfvl mkrrcspkibfcitc.
<4. »\uæ jætkbk bc fitcrprctlmfýi sc lpefml l els cxcimfkics;
Wfrhfefk> ]c olsl olnk ce jfsjk jætkbk fitcrprctltfvk hrljltfmle.
Br.> Tlrl fitcrprctlr mulequfcr ikrjl trfoutlrfl sc pucbc fitcrprctlr mulequfcr jætkbk, cxmcptk plrl
jltcrfl bc cxmcpmfkics, els cxmcpmfkics pkrquc cs uil bfspcisl pkrquc cs ui slmrfgfmfk, bcoc
fitcrprctlrsc hrljltfmlejcitc, ek quc cxprcsljcitc scülelbk ci ce tcxtk bcoc `lmcrsc.
<<. »\uc sfhifgfml el pksfofefblb grcitc le GF]MK bc eks plmtks prfvlbks;
Mlrel> Cs el qu
Mlrel> qucc cstl
cstloec
oecmc
mc quf
qufcic
cicss ski els pcr
pcrski
skils
ls koe
koefhl
fhlbls
bls le plhplhk,
k, lrt
lrtfmu
fmuek
ek <2 F. Eks
mkivcifks y mkitrltks mcecorlbks citrc plrtfmuelrcs skorc jltcrfl trfoutlrfl ci ifihþi mlsk scrìi
kpkifoecs le gfsmk, sfi pcrnufmfk bc su cgfmlmfl k vlefbcz ci ce ìjoftk mfvfe, mkjcrmfle u ktrls rljls bce
bcrcm`k. FF. Els cstfpuelmfkics citrc sunctks bc bcrcm`k prfvlbk y ce Cstlbk, mkitrlrfls l els ecycs

trfoutlrfls, ski iuels bc pecik bcrcm`k.

Bfchk sfhifgfml quc eks plmtks y mkivcifks ik pucbci letcrlr, ik pucbci ltrfoufr l mkimcptk bfstfitk
bc els scülelbls ci el ecy.
Br.> ]f ek `lmci, csk ik cs sfstcjl bc pksfofefblb gletl lehk l`ê. ]f ek `lmci, mkjk `cjks vfstk ci eks
mkitrltks bc vcitl, ek `lmci cstloecmcjks quc, vlrfljks els vlrflmfkics trfoutlrfl, sf els `lmcjks
ski vìefbls citrc els plrtcs pcrk ik ski vlefblb litc el lbjfifstrlmfýi, pkiêljks ce cncjpek bce
vc`êmuek bc el mkjprl bc ui ofci fijucoec `cjks vfstk quc ci ce FJR, ce mkitrfouycitc cs ce
vcibcbkr, ce quc bcoc plhlr cs ce vcibcbkr, pcrk ek quc `lmcjks cs quc ce mkjprlbkr sc `lhl
mlrhk
mlr hk bce plh
plhk
k bc eks trf
trfout
outks,
ks, `lm
`lmcjk
cjkss ui bcs
bcspel
pelzlj
zljfcifcitk
tk bce mki
mkitrf
trfouy
ouycit
citc,
c, bcocrê
bcocrêl
l scr ce
vcibcbkr,
vcibcb kr, pcrk cs ce mkjprlbk
mkjprlbkr, r, cs vìefb
vìefbk,
k, hcicrlejci
hcicrlejcitctc ce mkjpr
mkjprlbkr
lbkr plhl, pcrk sf `ly ui tfpk bc
fin
fincrci
crcimfl
mfl ce vci
vcibcb
bcbkr
kr ik puc
pucbc
bc lec
lechlr
hlr lit
litc
c el lbj
lbjfif
fifstr
strlmf
lmfýi
ýi trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfl
l quc ce mkjprl
mkjprlbkr
bkr `l

fi
fimu
mujp
jpefefbk
bk c mkit
lbjfifstrlmfýi mk itrl
rltk
tk,, pk
trfoutlrfl, pkrq
rquc
uc,, ikpkrq
pkrquc pkcs
rquc
uc cs
csc
c mkit
kpkifoec mkitrl
litcrltk
eltklbjfifstrlmfýi
ce mule
mule `l `l `lof
ofbk
y el bk pk
pkif
ifjf
jfci
citk
tk ik
lbjfifstrlmfýi li
litc
tc el
tfcic
quc `lmcr ifihþi prkmcsk plrl bcmelrlr vlefbk cgfmlz, bfrcmtljcitc cs kpkifoec.
Si mkitrltk quc jkbfgfquc els bfspksfmfkics trfoutlrfls pucbc scr vìefbk citrc els plrtcs, pcrk cs
kpkifoec, ik surtc cgcmtks litc ui tcrmcrk ci cstc mlsk el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl rcm`lzl, pkr jìs
quc ce mýbfhk mfvfe 3<6, bfmc quc ce mkitrltk cs ecy citrc els plrtcs, litc el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl cs
fikpkifoec.
<?. »Bc bks cncjpeks jcimfkilbks ik kpkifoecs;
Frcic> Tucbc scr pkr el mkjprl y vcitl bc uil mlsl, quc ce mkjprlbkr y vcibcbkr gfrjci ui
lmucrbk bc quc scl ce vcibcbkr y ik ce mkjprlbkr.

Br.> El ecy bfmc

mkjprlbkr plhl,quc ce vcibcbkr
citkimcs bcoc plhlr,
bcspelzljks csk. ek quc `lmcjks ci iucstrks mkitrltks cs quc ce

<4
 

@ly ui hrli prkoecjl bce FJR bc eks vc`êmueks, »\uæ `lmcjks; , »\uæ plsl mki el vcitl bc
vc`êmu
vc` êmueks
eks ci iuc
iucstr
strll rcl
rclef
efblb
blb;,
;, leh
lehui
uils
ls vcm
vcmcs
cs ek `lm`lmcjk
cjkss mki jf jfiut
iutl,
l, »Mý
»Mýjk
jk bcobcocrê
crêll
`lmcrsc; Jfiu Jfiutl
tl,, bc
bcoc
ocrê
rêl
l plhl
plhlrs
rsc
c eks
eks fjpu
fjpucs
cstk
tks,
s, bc
bcoc
ocrê
rêl
l rcrchf
hfst
strl
rlrs
rsc
c ci ek ekss rc
rchf
hfst
strk
rkss
mkrrcspkibfcitcs bc el lemlebêl, »\ufæi bcocrêl plhlr ce fjpucstk; Ce vcibcbkr, »pcrk quæ plsl ci
iucstrl rclefblb mktfbflil; Wcibcjks mki jfiutl nljìs plhk eks fjpucstks, ik `lhk bcmelrlr, y ce
vc`êmuek
vc`êm uek sfhuc l ikjorc bce litcrfkr prkpfc
prkpfctlrfk,
tlrfk, bfhlj
bfhljksks quc cs ce Okrfs,
Okrfs, ec vcibfý l el Lbrflil, ce
vc`êmuek
vc`êm uek `lmc <4 lüks y Lbrflil cstì jlicnlib
jlicnlibk k ce lutk y ec vcibf
vcibfýý l el ktrl Lbrflil, y ce vc`êmuek
vc`êmuek
sfhuc rchfstrlbk
rchfstrlbk l ikjorc bce Okrfs, pcrk ce mkjprlbkr ec bfmc ik vky l plhlr fjpuc fjpucstks
stks `lzjc ui
pkbcr, y ec `lmc ui pkbcr bc bfspksfmfýi y csc meìsfmk pkbcr vl rcpftfæibksc bcspuæs bc =4 vcitls,
plslrki =4 lüks y slec uil puoefmlmfýi jlsfvl y m`krfzk cikrjc bc tkbks eks bcubkrcs y slecs quc
bcoc =4 jfe okefvfliks l eks fjpucstks lutkjktkrcs, y æe bfmc quc `lhk; V ceel ik sloc quc plsk sc
lmucrbl quc vcibfý l el Lbrflil, el L]GF skefmftl le olimk quc rctcihl eks gkibks y sc lmucrbl rcmfæi
csc jkjcitk, y eks =4 jfe eks pcrbfstc pkrquc vcibcjks vc`êmueks mki pkbcr, »\uæ `lmcjks; L`ê
citrl ce lokhlbk, »\uæ ec pucbc bcmfr l el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl ce Okrfs; Tcrk ec `c vcibfbk l el
 Lbrflil y el Lbjfifstrlmfýi ec bfmc ci prfimfpfk bc el ik pksfofefblb bc cstks plmtks, @ucvk. El ecy
bfmc quc tþ bcocs plhlr ce trfoutk, y mkjk sfhuc rchfstrlbk l tu ikjorc tfcics quc schufr plhlibk.

=< NSEFK ?4<6

»Muìe cs ce mkimcptk bc trfoutk ci Okefvfl;

Mkjplücrk> lrtêmuek 6 bce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk okefvflik ek ecc.
Br. Ce trfou
trfoutk
tk cs uil koefhlmfý
koefhlmfýi,
i, ce mýbfhk trfout
trfoutlrfk
lrfk bfmc quc cs uil koefhl
koefhlmfýi
mfýi bficrlrfl cstloe
cstloecmfbl
cmfbl
ci el ecy mki ce prkpýsftk bc rcmlublr bficrk y mki cstc bficrk pkbcr rclefzlr eks gfics bce cstlbk.
»Muìe cs ce prfjcr gfi bce cstlbk okefvflik; ]chþi ce lrtêmuek 6cs mkistrufr uil skmfcblb lrjkifksl,
cs ce bc mkistrufr uil skmfcblb nustl y lrjkifksl, csk bfmc el mkistftumfýi.
»Csc mkimcptk bc trfoutk `l sfbk jkbfgfmlbk pkr ce cstltutk bc M`lrlhul;
Br. @cjks vfstk quc citkim
citkimcs
cs lehk plsl, pkrquc ce mýbfh
mýbfhk k trfout
trfoutlrfk
lrfk cs el bkmtrfil ci hcicrle
hcicrle,, pcrk
lehk plsl ci M`lrlhul
M`lrlhul quc skstfcic quc els mkitr
mkitrfoumf
foumfkics
kics cspcm
cspcmflecs
flecs mkjk ui tfpk bc trfout
trfoutk
k
pucbci plhlrsc
plhlrsc ci cspcm
cspcmfc,
fc, cs bcmfr ci jli
jlik
k bc korl k ci prkbumtk
prkbumtkss k c scrvfmfk
scrvfmfks,
s, ik cs el cs el
prfjcrl vcz quc Okefvfl tfcic ui trfoutk ci cspcmfc litfhuljcitc cxfstêl ce trfoutk ci cspcmfc, skek
quc ci ce lmtule mýbfhk trfoutlrfk `lorêli bcslplrcmfbk, pcrk l`krl cstc mkimcptk lpefml mlsf plr tkbl
Okefefvf
Ok vfl,
l, cxmc
cxmcpt
ptk
k ci M`
M`lrlrlh
lhul
ul.. Ci
Citk
tkim
imcs
cs yl ik pkbc
pkbcjk
jkss bc
bcmf
mfrr bc qu
quc
c ce tr
trfo
fout
utk
k yl ik cs
icmcslrfljcitc ci bficrk, sfik bc quc cs lmcptlb ci bficrk y cxmcpmfkilejcitc ci cspcmfc.
»Muìe cs el melsfgfmlmfýi bc ks trfoutks ci Okefvfl;
Br. Ce þetfjk trfoutk vfhcitc ci cspcmfc crl el prcstlmfýi vfle, y pkr cncjpek ci nuzhlbks sc cxfhêl ce
mcrtfgfmlbk bc prcstlmfýi vfle plrl el prcstlmfýi bc cxpcbfcitcs.
Rcicjks uil melsfgfmlmfýi bc WFIMSELBK] y el bc IK WFIMSELBK], prfjcrk sc vcrì quc iucstrk
mýbfhk trfoutlrfk cstloecmc 2 gfhurls trfoutlrfls> fjpucstk tlsl, pltcitcs y mkitrfoumfkics cspcmflecs,
eks mulecs, ci el tckrêl, pkr su mkitcifbk cstìi melsfgfmlbks pkr su mkitcifbk mki trfoutks ik

vfimue
vfimuelbk
lbkss eks
koefhlmfýi, y mkj
mkjkk trfout
trfiks
lutkrcs outks
ks vfimu
vfimuelb
bfmci elbks
quc sfks`ly
»vfim
»vuil
fimuel
uelbks
bks l quæquæ;
mkitrlprcsfýi ; L
cs ui uil mkitr
mkitrlpr
trfoutk lprcst
cstlmf
vfimuelbklmfýi,
ýi,scrvfmfk1
l ui `ly uil y
sf `ly uil mkitrlprcstlmfýi cs ui trfoutk ik vfimuelbk. »Ci quæ trfoutk ik `ly uil mkitrlprcstlmfýi;
<<
 

]kek `ly uik bkibc ik `ly ui mkitrlprcstlmfýi, quc scrêli eks fjpucstks, citkimcs vljks l vcr quc
ce fjpucstk tfcic mkjk `cm`k hcicrlbkr ci el ecy, y muyk plhk ik rcprcscitl uil mkitrlprcstlmfýi
bfrcmtl, mkimrctl, cspcmfle. Ik sc el pucbc pleplr ci els ik vfimuelbls, ik `ly uil mkitrlprcstlmfýi
bfrcmtl.
Eks ktrks = sf tfcici uil mkitrlprcstlmfýi, bkibc sf tfcic uil lmtulmfýi bce cstlbk leeê, sc vcrì quc el
tlsl tfcic mki `cm`k hcicrlbkr el rcmcpmfýi k utfefzlmfýi bc ui scrvfmfk koefhltkrfk, tcicjks el
pltcitc muyk `cm`k hcicrlbkr cs el lutkrfzlmfýi bc uil lmtfvfblb cmkiýjfml k el lutkrfzlmfýi bc ui
csplmfk pþoefmk, y el mkitrfoumfýi cspcmfle muyk `cm`k hcicrlbkr cs ocicgfmfks bcrfvlbks bc korls
pþoefmls.
Csl cs uil prfjcrl melsfgfmlmfýi, sc pucbc lorfr ktrk tfpk bc mlefgfmlmfýi mkjk el ecy <32, quc melsfgfml
fjpucstk y ik lsê trfoutks, pcrk pkbcjks tkjlr csl gkrjl bc melsfgfmlr y pkbcjks bcmfr bc quc
cxfstci uil melsfgfmlmfýi bc trfoutks ci le <32 el mule cs> trfoutks bc bkjfifk ilmfkile, trfoutks bc
bkjfif
bkj fifk
k bcp
bcplrt
lrtljc
ljcitl
itle,e, trf
trfout
outks
ks bc bkj
bkjfif
fifk
k jui
juifmf
fmfple
ple y trf
trfout
outks
ks bc bkjfif
bkjfifk
k fib
fibêhc
êhcil
il krf
krfhfi
hfilrf
lrfk
k
mljpcsfik. ]fi cjolrhk vcrcjks quc el lutkikjêl fibêhcil krfhfilrfk mljpcsfil sc fbcitfgfml mki ce
juifmfpfk ci jltcrfl trfoutlrfl, csl pucbc scr mkisfbcrlbl mkjk ui crrkr ci iucstrk sfstcjl.
»Muìecs ski els scjcnlizls
scjcnlizls y bfgcrcimfls citrc ce fjpucstk y el tlsl;
Br. Bks mucstfkics quc bfsmutfr> <¾ ljoks ski trfoutks, ljoks ski koefhlmfkics quc tfcic ui `cm`k
hcicrlbkr1 el bfgcrcimfl guibljcitle scl bc quc el tlsl tfcic uil mkitrlprcstlmfýi bfrcmtl, cstì
vfimuelbk l uil mkitrlprcstlmfýi, ce ktrk ik cstì vfimuelbk l uil mkitrlprcstlmfýi le jciks mkimrctl.
Ci el tlsl el mkitrlprcstlmfýi pucbci skek pucbci scr scrvfmfks, `ly uil ilturleczl æe scrvfmfk, ec
scrvfmfk quc vl l mkorlr el tlsl bcoc bc scr bc skefmftub k rcmcpmfýi koefhltkrfl, cstk cs sþpcr 
fjpkrtlitc, pkrquc vljks l vcr quc vl `locr ? tfpks bc scrvfmfk> uik pkr ce mule vl scr vkeuitlrfk y ce
ktrk vl l scr koefhltkrfk1 ce scrvfmfk vkeuitlrfk plrl ce fibfvfbuk pucbc csmkhcr quc scrvfmfk tkjlr ci
mljofk ci el tlsl tcicjks uil rcmcpmfýi koefhltkrfl, ik pkbcjks csmkhcr quc scrvfmfk tkjlr yl quc
ce cstlbk `l csmkhfbk plrl sf el ktkrhlmfýi bc ui bctcrjfilbk scrvfmfk y le þifmk euhlr quc bcok r 
plrl kotcicr cstc scrvfmfk cs l el lbjfifstrlmfýi y pkr csc scrvfmfk bcok bc plhlr tlsl. Cn. ]f sc
qufcrc
qufcrc trlis
trlispkr
pkrtlr
tlrsc
sc l Jfr
Jfrlge
lgekrc
krcss y sc pucbc csmkh
csmkhcrcr ofc
ofci
i jfi
jfifoþ
foþs,
s, pujl
pujl alt
altlry
lry ce tce
tcecgæ
cgærfm
rfmk1
k1
citkimcs Ikcjê pucbc csmkhcr quc scrvfmfk tkjlr yl scl ce prfvlbk k eks scrvfmfks pþoefmks, mulibk
citrl ej pujl le tcecgæ
tcecgærfmk
rfmk ik plhl uil tlsl pkr quæ ce cstlbk cst cstì
ì blibk tle scrvfm
scrvfmfk,
fk, ik plhl ui
tlsl pkr quc ceel tfcic eforc cechfofefblb cs vkeuitlrfk, c mljofk mulibk tcihk ui scrvfmfk bc skefmftub
k rcmcpmfýi koefhltkrfl ik tcihk bkibc csmkhcr, pkr cncjpek Ikcjê qufcrc kotcicr ui iucvk mlrict
tfcic quc fr le olimk y le schfp, ik `ly ktrl kpmfýi , citkimcs ce cstlbk ec vl l blr ui scrvfmfk uil
mkitrl
mki trlprc
prcstl
stlmfý
mfýi
i bc bkt
bktlre
lrec
c bc ui bkmbkmujc
ujcitk
itk bc fbcfbcitf
itfgfm
gfmlmf
lmfýi
ýi csc scrvfm
scrvfmfk
fk cs bc rcm
rcmcpm
cpmfýi
fýi
koefhl
koefhltkr
tkrfl,
fl, ik puc
pucbcs
bcs fr l ktrktrk
k elb
elbk,
k, quc puc
pucbcs
bcs plhl
plhlrr ci mkitr
mkitrlpr
lprcst
cstlmf
lmfýi
ýi cstc scrvf
scrvfmfk
mfk bc
fbcitfgfmlmfýi> uil tlsl. EFO_K BC NLFJC _KB_FHK BC_CM@K LBJF]R_LRFWK, iks bfmc quc `ly
uils 844 tlsls pueuelibk pkr lef. Lbcjìs bc `locr ui hrli prkoecjls mki els tlsls bc cstls 844
tlsls jlsk jciks uil 734 ik mujpec ui prfimfpfk mkistftumfkile gkrjle> bc rcscrvl bc ecy.
○ El rcmcpmfýi bce scrvfmfk cs sþpcr fjpkrtlitc1
○ Ktrl mlrlmtcrêstfml bc el tlsl cs quc ek quc ce schfp rcmlubl plrl ktkrhlr le scrvfmfk ik vl l fr 
le tcskrk hcicrle bc el ilmfýi, sfik bc quc vl l jlitcicr ci el citfblb quc orfibl ce scrvfmfk,
csl cs su ilturleczl.

<?
 

]c bfsmutc skorc ek bce cgcmtfvk scrvfmfk ci el bkmtrfil, lehuiks bfmci bc quc sc pucbc mkorlr el tlsl
pcrk lehuiks bc eks scrvfmfks vli l scr tli lostrlmtks k tli mkjpecnks quc ik icmcslrfljcitc
tcicjks quc rcmfofreks sfik bc quc el skmfcblb bcocrêl bc rcmfofreks, ui scrvfmfk l el skmfcblb, ui
cncjpek meìsfmk bc cstk cs bc el tlsl pkr ce leujorlbk pþoefmk k el tlsl pkr ce lsck, ce Wfrhfefk pucbc
bcmfr bc quc ce vfvl ci uil zkil tli lecnlbl quc ik rcmfoc ce scrvfmfk pkr leujorlbk pþoefmk y æe bfmc
bc quc
quc ik bcoc
bcocrêrêl
l bc pl
plhl
hlr,
r, citk
citkim
imcs
cs l`l`êê el bkmt
bkmtrf
rfil
il sc bf
bfvf
vfbc
bc y bf
bfmc
mc>> lu
luiq
iquc
uc ik rc rcmf
mfoc
oc
cgcmtfvljcitc, mkimrctljcitc ce scrvfmfk, pcrk ce vfcic pkr els mleecs y pelzl bkibc sf `ly ui
leujorlbk pþoefmk citkimcs sf ek tfcic quc plhlr. Tcrk quæ plsl mki el pcrskil mfchl citkimcs leeê
sc citrl ci uil bfsmusfýi, sf sc bfmc quc ik, quc lmmfýi bcocrêl bc fitcrpkicr plrl quc ce scükr i
plhuc el tlsl pkr ce leujorlbk pþoefmk, iuiml sc `l blbk.
Mki ce fjpucstk sumcbc lehk bfstfitk, plhljks ce fjpucstk pcrk ik cxfstc uil mkitrlprcstlmfýi le
jciks bfrcmtl k fibfvfbulefzlbl, tle vcz hcicrle (hrupk bc tlsls> mulitls tlsls `ly, muìe cs su
rchuel
rchuelmfý
mfýi,
i, quc tls
tlsls
ls fbc
fbcitf
itfgfm
gfmli,
li, tfcici
tfcici ce prfimf
prfimfpfk
pfk bc rcscrv
rcscrvl
l bc ecy k ik, jfhrlm
jfhrlmf4i
f4i,, sch
schfp,
fp,
mlimfeecrêl l tkbks cstks quc orfibli scrvfmfks koefhltkrfks)cs fjpkrtlitc quc bfgcrcimfcjks sf cs
vkeuitlrfk k ik.
»\uc ski els pltcitcs juifmfplecs;
Mkjplücrl> lrtfmuek 3 bce MRO.
Br. Els mlscrls bc els jlülicrls tfcic quc tcicr uil pltcitc juifmfple, pkr ce csplmfk pþoefmk quc
utfefzl, cstl pltcitc ikrjlejcitc sc el bcikjfil efmcimfl bc guimfkiljfcitk, sc vcrl bc quc lehuiks
prkgcsfkilecs plhli cstl pltcitc bc guimfkiljfcitk, `lstl ce le lük plslbk ce hkofcrik juifmfple
`loêl rc skefmftlbk quc eks lokhlbks plhuci el pltcitc juifmfple, mulibk sc tfcic uil kgfmfil pkr 
lquê pkr ce mcitrk. Citkimcs ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr bc uil pltcitc cs el utfefzlmfýi bc ui csplmfk
pþoefmk k el lutkrfzlmfýi bc uil lmtf
lmtfvfblb
vfblb cmkiýjfml. El melsfgfm
melsfgfmlmfýi
lmfýi bc pltcitcs cs lutýikjl, yyl
l
qu
qucc ekekss hk
hkof
ofcri
criks
ks ju
juif
ifmf
mfpl
plec
ecss ci vfrt
vfrtub
ub bc el lu
lutk
tkik
ikjê
jêll quc
quc hk
hkzl
zli
i pu
pucb
cbci
ci mr
mrcl
clrr pltc
pltcit
itcs
cs
juifmfplecs ci ce jlrmk bce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk.
»\uæ ski els mmkitrfoumfkics cspcmflecs;
Br. »cxfstc ci Okefvfl; Hcicrlejcitc el bkmtrfil trfoutlrfl okefvflil lmcptl bc quc ik cxfstc ci el
prìmtfml mkitrfoumfkics cspcmflecs, pkrquc els mkitrfoumfkics hcicrlecs bc jcnkrl ci iucstrk sfstcjl
trfoutlrfk cstl mkiguibfbl mki ce trfoutk juifmfple bc fjpucstk juifmfple bc ofcics fijucoecs cn. Ek
quc `l pcislbk ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk, bfhljks bc quc Ikcjê vfvc ci ce Cstlbfk yl quc cstlrêli
rclefzlibk korls mcrml bc su mlsl quc sc schurk ec vl l rcgutlr le prkpfctlrfk bc eks ocicgfmfks
trfoutlrfks ci rlzýi bc quc vlehl jìs, tcihl jcnkrcs mkibfmfkics bc fihrcsk 1 citkimcs el fbcl bc
mkitrfoumfkics cspcmflecs cs bc quc eks vcmfiks bce cstlbfk bcocrêli bc plhlr ui jkitk þifmk
jýbfmk pkr ce ocicgfmfk bc mkitrfoumfýi cspcmfle bc jcnkrl , sfi cjolrhk ek quc sumcbc ci iucstrl
rclefblb cs bc quc ce hkofcrik juifmfple fimkrpkrl l el olsc fjpkifoec bc el prkpfcblb bc ofcics
fijucoecs els jcnkrls quc sc cstìi rclefzlibk pkr el zkil c el Ikcjê y rcsuetl bc quc ec vl l suofr ce
fjpucstk juifmfple bc ofcics fijucoecs ik ci þifml vcz, sfi tkbks eks lüks, citkimcs su olsc
fjpkif
fjp kifoec
oec cs ce fim
fimrcj
rcjcit
citk1
k1 ik cxf
cxfstc
stc kpc
kpcrlt
rltfvl
fvljci
jcitc
tc ci Okefvf
Okefvfl
l els mki
mkitrf
trfoum
oumfki
fkics
cs csp
cspcmf
cmflec
lecs,
s,
lehuiks lutkrcs mkiguibci els mkitrfoumfkics cspcmflecs mki el schurfblb skmfle mkjk trfoutks, pcrk
melrljcitc pkbcjks vcr ci ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk quc els mkitrfoumfkics cspcmflecs l el schurfblb
skmfle ik ski trfoutlrfls, ik `ly cstc plhk quc rclefzljks.
Ktrk prkoecjl bce fjpucstk bc ofcics fijucoecs cs ce ìihuek bc els mleecs, bkibc plrl el lemlebêl
tkbls els mlsls ski bc `krfzkitlecs ek mule figeuyc ci el trfoutlmfýi.
<=
 

8 LHK]RK ?4<6
MSC]RFKIL_FK > CPRFIMFÝI BC EL KOEFHLMFÝI R_FOSRL_FL
○ El koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl cs uil rcelmfýi mrcbftfmfl citrc ui lmrccbkr y ui bcubkr, ci vfrtub bce
mule ce lmrccbkr pucbc mkistrcüfr ce mujpefjfcitk bc bctcrjfilbl koefhlmfýi bc blr, `lmcr k
ik `lmcr le bcubkr. Lbcjìs cs bc mlrìmtcr pcrskile y tfcic uil hlrlitêl pltrfjkifle.
○ »Muìibk
»Muìibk sc bl ce surhfjfci
surhfjfcitk
tk bc el koefhlmfýi trfout
trfoutlrfl
lrfl y bc el rcelm
rcelmfýi
fýi nurêbfml trfoutl
trfoutlrfl;
rfl; 

Mulibk sc jltcrflefzl ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr tfpfgfmlbk ci el ecy.

Cn.> bfchk fjpkrtl jcrmlbcrêl cxtrlincrl l tcrrftkrfk lbulicrk ilmfkile »ci quæ jkjcitk surhc el
koefhlmfýi; : mulibk cstì fihrcslibk el jcrmlbcrêl bc tcrrftkrfk cxtrlincrk l tcrrftkrfk ilmfkile.
El ecy vl l bcmfr quc sc pcrgcmmfkil ci ce jkjcitk bc el prcscitlmfýi bc el bcmelrlmfýi þifml bc
fjpkrtlmfýi, pcrk ce `cm`k yl `l surhfbk le jkjcitk bc fihrcslr jcrmlbcrêl cxtrlincrl l tcrrftkrfk
ilmfkile.
<. »\uæ sfhifgfml
sfhifgfml cxtfimfýi bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl;
trfoutlrfl;
Mcsc bc el rce
Mcsc rcelmf
lmfýi
ýi nurêbf
nurêbfmk
mk trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfl,
l, cs bcm
bcmfr
fr tcr
tcrjfi
jfil
l el rce
rcelmf
lmfýi
ýi nurêbf
nurêbfmk
mk trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfl.
l. Ci leh
lehþi
þi
jkjcitk sc bcsvfimueli eks sunctks lmtfvk y plsfvk.

El
uiccxtfimfýi sfhifgfml
le lmrccbkr mki cecebcubkr,
mcsc, elmki
muejfilmfýi, el tcrjfilmfýi
rcelmfýi l ui bctcrjfilbkbc cstchcicrlbkr
`cm`k vêimuek nurêbfmk koefhlmfkile
k `cm`k fjpkifoec.quc
?. »Muìecs ski els mlusls bc el cxtfimfýi bc els koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfls;
Cstls mlu
Cstls mlusls
sls bc cxt
cxtfim
fimfýi
fýi cst
cstìi
ìi cst
cstloe
loecmf
cmfbls
bls cxp
cxprcs
rcsljc
ljcitc
itc ci el ecy y cst
cstls
ls ski els þif
þifmls
mls
`lofeftlbls plrl blr gfi l el rcelmfýi nurêbfmk trfoutlrfl.
l) Ce plhk
o) El prcs
prcsmr
mrfp
fpmf
mfýi
ýi
m) El mkjp
mkjpci
cisl
slmf
mfýi
ýi
b) El mk
mkib
ibki
kilm
lmfý
fýi
i k rcj
rcjfs
fsfý
fýi
i
c) El mkig
mkigus
usfý
fýi
i
  »El fisk
fiskevc
evcimf
imfl
l bce bcubk
bcubkr;
r;  Ik, pkrquc cs ce pltrfjkifk ce quc hlrlitfzl *pltrfjkifk cs ce
mkinuitk bc ofcics, lmmfkics, bcrcm`ks prcscitcs y guturks
 IK el cxcim
cxcimfýi
fýi pkrquc cs uil gfhurl pkr el mule sc bfspcisl
bfspcisl bc el koefhlmfýi
koefhlmfýi trfoutl
trfoutlrfl
rfl l lehufci
quc jltcrflefzl ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr TC_K EL ECV bfspcisl, ec cstloecmc uil bfsmuepl. Cs bcmfr quc
lmì el rcelmfýi nurêbfmk trfoutlrfl ik pucbc cxtfihufrsc pkrquc iuiml `l ilmfbk.
=. »\uæ cs ce plhk y quæ mkibfmfkics bcoc mujpefr plrl cxtfihufr el bcubl trfoutlrfl;
trfoutlrfl;
Ce plhk cs ui jkbk bc cxtfihufr els koefhlmfkics, mkisfstc ci ce mujpefjfcitk cgcmtfvk bc el
prcstlmfýi bcofbl.

Ce plhk bcoc bc mujpefr mki bks rcqufsftks> cxlmtftub c fitchrfblb

Ce plhk ci mfvfe plrl cxtfihufr el bcubl bcoc bc scr cxlmtl.
<2
 

El lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl iks pfbc quc>

l) Ce pl
plhk
hk sc
scl
l tk
tktle
tle p
plrl
lrl c
cxtf
xtfihu
ihufr
fr el b
bcub
cubl
l
Tucbc `locr ui plhk plrmfle pcrk lþi ik sc cxtfihuc el bcubl
o) Bcoc scr ci el gkrj
gkrjl,
l, euhlr y tærj
tærjfiks
fiks cstl
cstloecmf
oecmfbks
bks pkr el lbjfif
lbjfifstrlm
strlmfýi
fýi trfou
trfoutlrfl
tlrfl
m) Bco
Bcoc
c scr c
cgcm
gcmtul
tulbl
bl bc j
jlic
licrl
rl mk
mkjpe
jpectl
ctl

CE TLHK cs el mlusl krbfilrfl, mlusl bc cxtfimfýi ilturle bc els koefhlmfkics1 pkrquc sc `l

sltfsgcm`k el bcubl l glvkr bce lmrccbkr. Cs el þifml gkrjl bc sltfsglmcr mkjpectljcitc l el
lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl. Tlhlr ce jkitk tktle lbcubk ci eks pelzks gkrjls y euhlrcs cstloecmfbks pkr 
el prkpfl lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl.
*cxfstc el pksfofefblb bc cgcmtulr ui mkjprkjfsk bc glmfefblbcs bc plhk. Cn.> jc mkjprkjctk l plhlr 
l pelzk, y el bcubl qucblrl cxtfitl mulibk ce jkitk tktle qucbc plhlbk.
2. »ci quæ mkisfstc el mkigusfýi;
El mkigusfýi cs uil mlusl bc el cxtfimfýi bc els koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfls quc sc bl mulibk els
mulefblbcs bc bcubkr y lmrccbkr sc jltcrflefzli ci uil skel pcrskil. Cs bcmfr sc mkiguibci
lmrccbkr y bcubkr.
»Muìibk sc bl cstks mlsks; ]ki juy cxtrlüks. Cncjpek> mlsk ci El Tlz bc ]rl. Fslocel crl juy
lbficrlbk pcrk ik `loêl qufci ec sumcbl trls su gleecmfjfcitk citkimcs ce Gfsmk ” ce Cstlbk l trlvæs
3bc sus bfstfitls fistftumfkics ec sumcbc. Citkimcs rcsuetl quc ce HLJ ec sumcbc uik bc sus ofcics y
csc ofci mlrhlol
mlrhlol uil bcubl pkr ce fjpucst
fjpucstk k bc ofcics fijuco
fijucoecs
ecs citkim
citkimcs
cs ce HLJ rcsuet
rcsuetl
l scr 
lmrccbkr y l`krl quc `l sumcbfbk cs bcubkr l el vcz. Tcrk ik pucbc scr lmrccbkr y bcubkr le jfsjk
tfcjpk pkr cibc trls ui trìjftc lbjfifst
lbjfifstrltfvk
rltfvk el bcubl trfoutlrfl sc cxtfihuc.
3. »\uæ cs el mkibkilmfýi;
El mkibkilmfýi cs uil mlusl bc cxtfimfýi bc els koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfls mulibk ce ýrhlik mki
pktcstlb echfseltfvl mkibkil
mkibkil ” bfsmuepl ” pcrbkil ce mujpefjfcitk bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl.
]fhifgfml quc ci vfrtub bce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy skek el Ecy y þifmljcitc el ecy pucbc cstloecmcr 
quc el bcubl qucbc pcrskilbl k bfsmueplbl.
Ci Okefvfl `li cxfstfbk vlrfls ecycs bc mkibkilmfki, el jlykrêl bc cstls `li sfbk plrmflecs ik tktlecs
pkrquc scrêl ui bcsjktfvlitc tktle. Cs bcmfr plhlr ce mlpftle y bfsmueplr eks fitcrcscs.
El mkibkilmfýi pucbc scr tktle k plrmfle, ci Okefvfl tkbls gucrki plrmflecs.
○ Ik sc eeljli ecycs bc mkibkilmfýi sfik ―Ecycs bc _chuelrfzlmfýi Fjpksftfvl‚ ci ce mule sc
pcrbkil
pcrbki l el bcubl trfou
trfoutlrfl.
tlrfl. Bcubl trfou
trfoutlrfl
tlrfl cstì mkjp
mkjpucstl
ucstl pkr> trfou
trfoutk
tk kjftfbk
kjftfbk,, fitcrcscs
fitcrcscs,,
lmtulefzlmfkics y juetls. Wl l bcpcibcr bc el Ecy `lstl bkibc tc pucbc pcrbkilr el bcubl.
○ Rcicr ui sfstcjl trfoutlrfk ci ui plês mki lutkikjêls, pucbci `locr ecycs lutkiýjfmls quc
mkibkici eks trfoutks.
MKI CE TC_BÝI ]C CPRFIHSC EL BCSBL R_FOSRL_FL RKRLE K TL_MFLEJCIRC.
7. »cxpefquc orcvcjcitc lehuil ecy bc mkibkilmfýi bc trfoutks ci Okefvfl;

<3
 

Ecy juifmfple ?67 ecy bc mkibkilmfki y cxcimfýi l el prkpfcblb bc ofcics fijucoecs - El Tlz
 Lmmfýi mkitrl trfoutks fechlecs  quc prkmcbc mulibk el mrclmfýi, jkbfgfmlmfýi k cxtfimfýi bc trfoutks
sc prkbumc mki uil ikrjl quc ik mujpec eks prfimfpfks y rchels mkistftumfkilecs.
8. »\uæ cs el prcsmrfpmfýi;
El prcsmrfpmfýi cs ui fistftutk nurêbfmk ci ce mule sc lpefml ce trlismursk bce tfcjpk plrl el lbqufsfmfýi
k cxtfimfýi bc bcrcm`ks. Cxfstci ? tfpks bc prcsmrfpmfýi>
l) Trc
Trcsmr
smrfpm
fpmfýi
fýi lbquf
lbqufsft
sftfvl
fvl k usu
usumlp
mlpfýi
fýi > pcr
pcrjft
jftcc lbq
lbqufr
ufrfr
fr bcrcm`
bcrcm`ks
ks rcspc
rcspcmtk
mtk l ui ofci pkr ce
trlismursk bce tfcjpk c filmtfvfblb bce prkpfctlrfk
o) Trc
Trcsmr
smrfpm
fpmfýi
fýi cx
cxtfi
tfitfv
tfvl
l k efocrl
efocrltkr
tkrfl
fl >
Trcsmrfpm
Trcsmrfpmfýi
fýi mkj
mkjk k mlu
mlusl
sl bc cxtfi
cxtfimfý
mfýi
i bc el koe
koefhl
fhlmfý
mfýi
i trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfl
l pkr ce trl
trlism
ismurs
ursk
k bce tfcjpk
tfcjpk
cstloecmfbk ci el ecy y el filmmfýi bce lmrccbkr.
»Muìe cs el ilturleczl; Cs uil slimfýi le lmrccbkr k uil gkrjl bc efocrlr le bcubkr qufci ik pucbc
cstlr efhlbk le lmrccbkr tkbl el vfbl.
CI JLRC_FL R_FOSRL_FL.- litfhuljcitc sc tciêl cstl gfhurl ci ce litfhuk mýbfhk trfoutlrfk y el
prcsmrfpmfýi crl bc 3 lüks, y ci ce krfhfile crl bc 2 lüks.
]fhifgfml quc el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl bcspuæs bc quc ce trfoutk `loêl eechlbk l su tfcjpk kpkrtuik
plrl ce plhk cs bcmfr yl vcimfý ce pelzk bc plhk, tciêl multrk lüks plrl bctcrjfilr el bcubl
trfoutlrfl. Eechìoljks le lük multrk y el bcubl prcsmrfoêl l glvkr bce mkitrfouycitc.
EL T_C]M_FTMFÝI IK KTC_L BC KGFMFK C] ICMC]L_FK \SC ]CL L TCRFMFÝI BC TL_RC V
\SC ]CL BCM BCMEL_EL_LBL
LBL TK_ LSR LSRK_F
K_FBLB
BLB MKJ
MKJTCR
TCRCIR
CIRCC C] BCM
BCMF_F_ EL LBJ
LBJFIFFIF]R_
]R_LMF
LMFÝI
ÝI
R_FOSRL_FL. Lbcjìs 2 lüks l eks quc cstìi cjplbrkilbks y 8 lüks l eks quc ik ek cstìi pkrquc
scrì jìs bfgêmfe bc mkitrkelreks.
○  L@K_L MTC ?446> cstloecmc ci ce lrt. =?2 ― ik prcsmrfofrìi els bcubls pkr blüks cmkiýjfmks
mluslbks le Cstlbk‚ . @L]RL quc el ECV <32 cstloecmc quc eks fjpucstks ski fjprcsmrfptfoecs.
Bcspuæs ci el ECV ?6< ” Ecy bce Trcsupucstk cstloecmc quc cstì ci vfhcimfl ce lrt. 36 y
bctcrjfil uil ljpeftub bce pcrfkbk bc prcsmrfpmfýi yl ik 2 lüks sfik <4, 6, 8 lüks bc lmucrbk le
pcrfkbk gfsmle. El ECV =<8 quc cs ktrl Ecy bce Trcsupucstk tljofæi, jkbfgfml cstc mýjputk.
○ ECV 0<? (el quc cstì vfhcitc) cstloecmc quc vl l cxfstfr el prcsmrfpmfýi y vl l tcicr ui pcrfkbk bc
0 LÜK].
k Bcoc trlismurrfr ce pcrfkbk cstloecmfbk pkr ecy ” 0 lüks
k Bcoc `lo
Bcoc `locr
cr fil
filmmf
mmfýi
ýi bce lmr
lmrccb
ccbkr
kr cs bcm
bcmfr
fr ik bcoc
bcoc iktfgf
iktfgfmlr
mlrtc
tc mki uil ―rcske
―rcskeumf
umfýi
ýi
bctcrjfiltfvl‚
k Tkstcrfkrjcitc
Tkstcrfkrjc itc skefmftlr el bcmel
bcmelrlmfýi
rlmfýi bc prcsm
prcsmrfpmf
rfpmfýi
ýi l el lbjfi
lbjfifstrl
fstrlmfýi
mfýi trfoutlrfl y
kotcicr bfm`l bcmelrlmfýi.
*El koefhlmfýi prcsmrftl plhlbl ik lmcptl lmmfýi bc rcpctfmfýi.
0. »Muìe cs el gfilefblb bc el prcsmrfpmfýi;

<7
 

○ ]limfkilr el filmmfýi bce lmrccbkr.

○ Ktkrhlr schurfblb nurêbfml
6 LHK]RK ?4<6
MKIRFISLMFKI
MKIRFISLMFKI LIRC_FK_ MSC]RFKIL_FK #<?

Trchuitl 6. »Muìe cs ce ræhfjci vfhcitc bc el prcsmrfpmfýi ci mulitk l pelzks y l mýjputk;

_. Cstì ci El ecy 0<?, ecy ?6<
Trchuitl <4. »Ci quæ mkisfstc el fitcrrupmfýi bc el Trcsmrfpmfýi;
_. schþi ce lrt. 7< bce Mýb. Rrfoutlrfk okefvflik. Bkmtkr.- »\uæ scrì el fitcrrupmfýi bc el prcsmrfpmfýi;
@ly jkjcitk bc ilmfjfcitk bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl, mki ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr, tfcics ui tfcjpk
bctcrjfilbk plrl plhlr, y sc mkjputl el prcsmrfpmfýi, l plrtfr bce <rk bc cicrk bce lük sfhufcitc.
Bfhljks quc ci nuefk sc `l cgcmtulbk ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr y tciêl `lstl lhkstk <3 bce ?4<6 plrl
plhlr el bcubl trfoutlrfl,
trfoutlrfl, ce mýjput
mýjputk
k bc el prcsmrfp
prcsmrfpmfýi
mfýi vl l fifmf
fifmflr
lr ce <rk bc cicrk bce ?4?4, bc l`ê
bcok mkitlr 0 lüks. ]f ce lokhlbk ik bcmelrl sc cstì nuhlibk l quc sc cxtfihl el koefhlmfýi pkr 
rlzkics bc prcsmrfpmfýi (filmmfýi bce lmrccbkr), plsli 7 lüks y tlitk el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl
mkjk ce lokhlbk ik bfmci ilbl, pucbci `locr `cm`ks quc bcnl sfi cgcmtk ce tfcjpk bc prcsmrfpmfýi
mkrrfb
mkrrfbk
k l glvkr bce mkitr
mkitrfou
fouyci
ycitc,
tc, y `ly ? `cm
`cm`ks
`ks quc pucbc
pucbci
i bcn
bcnlr
lr sfi cgc
cgcmtk
mtk tkb
tkbk
k ce tfc
tfcjpk
jpk
trlismurrfbk l glvkr bc mkitrfouycitc csks ski>
- el iktfgfmlmfýi mki el rcskeumfýi bctcrjfiltfvl l mlrhk bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl
- Bcmelrlmfýi cxprcsl k tìmftl bc el bcubl cn. pcrbkilzk.
Jum`ls vcmcs el lmcptlmfýi bc el bcubl cs tlmftl, `ly prkoecjls mki ce mýjputk ik sfcjprc cstì
ofci cgcmtulbk y el prcsmrfpmfýi sumcbc litcs. Ce cgcmtk cs quc bcslplrczml tkbk ce tfcjpk hlilbk.
Trchuitl <<. »Muìecs ski els mlusls suspcisfvls bc el prcsmrfpmfýi;
_. ik sc csmum`l. Bkm. Lbcjìs bc cxfstfr el fitcrrupmfýi bc el prcsmrfpmfýi tljofæi cxfstc el
suspcisfýi quc mkisfstc ci quc jkjcitìicljcitc, pkr `cm`ks cstloecmfbks ci el ecy sc bctfcic, sc

pkic
tfcjpkcibcplusl ci ce tfcjpk
el prcsmrfpmfýi sfhuclmkrrfcibk,
glvkr bce sc
mkitrfouycitc y uil vcz
sujl l el litcrfkr, bcslplrcmfbls cstls mlusls ce
ik bcslplrcmc.
Trchuitl <?. »\uæ sfhifgfml el prcsmrfpmfýi mkjk cxmcpmfýi;
_. el prcsmrfpmfýi pucbc citcibcrsc mkjk cxmcpmfýi mki ce gfi bc mkitrlbcmfr, rcpueslr k bcstrufr el
lmmf
lmmfýi
ýi y sc gu guib
iblj
ljci
citl
tl ci `cm`
`cm`ks
ks qu
qucc pkr
pkr sê jfjfsj
sjks
ks ik cxcxme
meuy
uyci
ci el lm
lmmf
mfýi
ýi pc
pcrk
rk qu
qucc sc
prkpkrmfkili le bcjliblbk ci el glmuetlb bc bcstrufrel. Cs ui jcmlifsjk bc bcgcisl plrl cncrmftlr 
ce bcrcm`k l el bcgcisl. BKM. ]fhifgfml quc mulibk el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl cncrmc su lmmfýi bc
gfsmlefzlmfýi bc mkork, bc rcmlublmfýi, uik pucbc fitcrpkicr ui jcmlifsjk bc bcgcisl quc sc
bcikjfil prcsmrfpmfýi ci mulequfcr ctlpl bce prkmcsk, yl scl ci ce prkmcbfjfcitk lbjfifstrltfvk
 nurfsbfmmfkile (pucbc bcmfr quc yl prcsmrfofý, yl ce tfcjpk cstloecmfbk pkr ecy `l trlismurrfbk, `uok
filmmfýi bce lmrccbkr y ik `cjks tcifbk mlusls fitcrruptfvls k mlusls suspcisfvls, pkr ek tlitk ce

 nucz pucbc bcmelrlr tljofæi el prcsmrfpmfýi bcitrk bce prkmcsk nubfmfle bc bctcrjfilmfýi pkr ce mkork
trfoutlrfk).

<8
 

CNCJTEK BC MLS]L] ]S]TCI]FWL]> vfcici l el pucrtl bc Ljlefl y tc iktfgfmli mki uil krbci bc
gfsmlefzlmfýi y ci ui tfcjpk bc 7 jcscs `lstl quc sc iktfgfquc el rcskeumfýi bctcrjfiltfvl, sc
suspcibc ce mkjputk bc el prcsmrfpmfýi (pkr csks 7jcscs) bcspuæs mkitfiul sujlibk ce tfcjpk.
Trchuitl <=. »Muìe cs ce cgcmtk bce plhk bc el koefhlmfýi prcsmrftl;
_. IK _C]TKIBFK
MSC]RFKIL_FK
MSC]RFKIL_FK # <= BC_CM@K R_FOSRL_FK LBJFIF]R_L
LBJFIF]R_LRFWK
RFWK
<. »\uæ cs ce bcrcm
bcrcm`k
`k ttrfout
rfoutlrfk
lrfk lbjf
lbjfifst
ifstrltfvk
rltfvk;
;
_. BKM. Cs uil suobfsmf
suobfsmfpefil
pefil bce bcrcm`
bcrcm`k
k trfou
trfoutlrfk
tlrfk mki lutkikjêl bkmtrfi
bkmtrfilrfl
lrfl y lmlbæ
lmlbæjfml
jfml quc sc
mkitrlpkic y mkjpecjcitl le bcrcm`k trfoutlrfk sustlitfvk.
Bcr. Rrfoutlrfk----Wc`êmuek
Bcr. Rrfoutlrfk lbjfifstrltfvk----Hlskefil (pcrjftc guimfkilr l el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl y rcmlublr.
]uobfsm
]uob fsmfpe
fpefil
fil bce
bce bcrcm
bcrcm`k
`k trf
trfou
outl
tlrfk
rfk quc
quc tfc
tfcic
ic pkr
pkr ko
konc
nctk
tk bc cstub
cstubfk
fk els ik
ikrjl
rjls s trfou
trfoutlr
tlrfl
fls
s
lbjfifstrltfvls, ikrjls echlecs y rcheljcitlrfls quc rchueli l el lbjfifstrlmfýi pþoefml y su rcelmfýi
mki ce mkitrfouycitc.

?. »Tkr qu
quææ sc prcsuj
prcsujcc el echftf
echftfjfbl
jfblb
b bc eks lmtks bc el lbj
lbjfifs
fifstrlmfý
trlmfýi
i trfou
trfoutlrfl
tlrfl;
;
_. lrt. 83 MR. BKM. Tkrquc el ecy ek cstloecmc lsê, y pkr quæ ek cstloecmc lsê; Tkr schurfblb nurêbfml,
prfimfpfk bc oucil gc, p. bc prcvfsfofefblb, p. bc cgfmfcimfl y cmkikjêl. ]c prcsujci echêtfjks eks
lmtks bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi pþoefml slevk quc sc bctcrjfic ek mkitrlrfk ci ui prkmcbfjfcitk bc
fjpuhilmfýi lbjfifstrltfvk k nurfsbfmmfkile pkr el lutkrfblb mkjpctcitc. Rljofæi pkr ce mkitrlrfk, sc
prcsujc el oucil gc bc els lmtulmfkics bc eks mkitrfouycitcs skek quc cxfstc el ¨Bubl _lzkiloec¨.
=. »Ci quæ mk
mkisfst
isfstcc el pktcs
pktcstlb
tlb rch
rcheljc
eljcitlrf
itlrfll bc el lbjf
lbjfifstr
ifstrlmfýi
lmfýi;
;
_. mkisfstc ci bfmtlr el prcrrkhltfvl quc tfcic el lbjfifstrlmfýi plrl bfmtlr ikrjls quc rchueli els
lmtfvfblbcs lbjfifstrltfvls pþoefmls, cs uil prcrrkhltfvl pkr el quc el lbjfifstrlmfýi pþoefml pucbc
mrclr ikrjls mki rlihk rcheljcitlrfk, cs bcmfr, ikrjls suokrbfilbls l els ecycs. BKMRK_.- ce
sfstcjl nurêbfmk tfcic uil ilturleczl k ui citcibfjfcitk bcbumtfvk, vl bc ek hcicrle l ek plrtfmue
plrtfmuelr,
lr, ce
krbciljfcit
krbcil jfcitk k nurêb
nurêbfmk
fmk rcqufc
rcqufcrc
rc ikrjls puoefml
puoefmlss cspcm
cspcmêgfml
êgfmls,
s, cstls ski eks rchelj
rcheljcitks
citks,, quc tfcici
tfcici
rcstrfmmfkics, guibljcitlejcitc el rcstrfmmfýi bc el echlefblb pkr el mule ek quc cstæ sfcibk rchuelbk
tfci
tfcic
c ququcc cstl
cstlrr rcmk
rcmkik
ikmf
mfbk
bk ci vfrt
vfrtub
ub bc uiuill pk
pktc
tcst
stlb
lb rc
rche
helj
ljci
citl
tlrf
rfl
l bc lblbjf
jfif
ifst
strl
rlmf
mfýi
ýi.. El
lbjfifstrlm
lbjfi fstrlmfýi
fýi tfcic rcstrfm
rcstrfmmfkic
mfkicss ci jltc
jltcrfl
rfl trfou
trfoutlrfl
tlrfl pkrquc ik pucbc mrclr, jkbfgfmlr k cxtfi
cxtfihufr 
hufr 
trfoutks (lrt. 7 mkb trfoutlrfk)
 Lrtêmuek 7´  (Trfimfpfk
  (Trfimfpfk bc Echlefblb k _cscrvl bc Ecy). F. ]ýek el Ecy pucbc> <. Mrclr, jkbfgfmlr y 
suprfjfr trfoutks, bcgfifr ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl1 gfnlr el olsc fjpkifoec y 
leêmuktl k ce eêjftc jìxfjk y jêifjk bc el jfsjl1 y bcsfhilr le sunctk plsfvk. ?. Cxmeufr `cm`ks
cmkiýjfmks hrlvloecs bce konctk bc ui trfoutk. =. Ktkrhlr y suprfjfr cxcimfkics, rcbummfkics k
ocicgfmfks.
ocicgfmfks. 2. Mkibkilr
Mkibkilr tktle k plrmflejcitc ce plhk bc trfoutks, fitcrcscs y slimfkics.
slimfkics. 3. Cstloecmcr 
Cstloecmcr 
eks prkmcbfj
prkmcbfjfci
fcitks
tks nurfsbfm
nurfsbfmmfki
mfkilec
lecs.
s. 7. Rfpfgfml
Rfpfgfmlrr eks feêmftks
feêmftks trfoutlrfk
trfoutlrfks
s y cstloec
cstloecmcr
mcr els rcspcmtf
rcspcmtfvls
vls
slimfkics. 8. Cstloecmcr prfvfechfks y prcgcrcimfls plrl ce mkork bc els koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfls. 0.
Cstloecmcr rchêjcics suspcisfvks ci jltcrfl lbulicrl. FF. Els tlsls k pltcitcs juifmfplecs, sc

<0
 

mrclrìi, jkbfgfml
mrclrìi, jkbfgfmlrìi,
rìi, cxcimfk
cxcimfkilrì
ilrìi,
i, mkibki
mkibkilrìi
lrìi y suprfjfrì
suprfjfrìi
i jcbflit
jcbflitc
c Krbcili
Krbcilizl
zl Juifmfpl
Juifmfple 
e 
lprkolbl pkr ce @kikrloec ]cilbk Ilmfkile.

2. »Muì
»Muìecs
ecs ski els glmuet
glmuetlbcs
lbcs cspcm
cspcmêgfml
êgfmlss bc el lbjfifst
lbjfifstrlmfý
rlmfýi
i schþi ce mýbfh
mýbfhk
k trfout
trfoutlrfk
lrfk;
;
_.  Lrtêmuek 77´ (Glmuetlbcs Cspcmêgfmls ). El Lbjfifstrlmfýi
Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl tfcic els sfhufcitcs
sfhufcitcs
glmuetlbcs
glmuetlbcs cspcmêg
cspcmêgfmls
fmls>> <. Mkitrke,
Mkitrke, mkjprkol
mkjprkolmfýi
mfýi,, vcrfgfml
vcrfgfmlmfýi
mfýi,, gfsmlefz
gfsmlefzlmfý
lmfýi
i c fivcstfh
fivcstfhlmfý
lmfýi1
i1 ?.
Bctcrjfilmfýi bc trfoutks1 =. _cmlublmfýi1 2. Mìemuek bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl1 3. Cncmumfýi bc jcbfbls

 prcmlutk
 prcmlutkrfls,
trfoutlrf
trfou l1rfls,
tlrfl1 8. prcvfl
Mkimcsflutkrfzlmfýi
lutkrfzlmfý
Mkimcsfýi i bc
ýi bc prýrrkhl
prýr elslutkrfblb
rkhls lutkrfblb
y glmfefbl mkjpctcit
mbcs
kjpctcitc
glmfefblbcs c cstloecmfbl
bc plhk1
plh cstloe
k1 0. cmfbl ci cstc
_cvfsfýi
_cvfsfýicstc Mýbfhk1
Mýbfh
cxtrlk
cxtrlkrbfi k1 7. Cncmumfýi
rbfilrfl
lrfl Cnc
bc mumfýi
lmtks
lmtks
lbjfifstrltfvks mkigkrjc l ek cstloecmfbk ci ce Lrtêmuek <23´ bce prcscitc Mýbfhk1 6. ]limfýi bc
mkitrl
mki trlvc
vcimf
imfki
kics,
cs, quc
quc ik mkistf
mkistftuy
tuyli
li bceft
bceftks
ks11 <4.
<4. Bcsfh
Bcsfhil
ilmfý
mfýii bc sustft
sustftut
utks
ks y rcrcspk
spkis
islo
loecs
ecs
suosfb
suo sfbfl
flrfk
rfks,
s, ci eks tæ tærjf
rjfik
iks s bfspu
bfspucs
cstks
tks pkrpkr cstc
cstc Mýbfh
Mýbfhk1
k1 <<
<<.. Lpefm
Lpefmlr
lr ek
ekss jkitks
jkitks jêifjk
jêifjks s
cstloecmfbks jcbflitc rcheljcitk l plrtfr bc eks mulecs els kpcrlmfkics bc bcvkeumfýi fjpksftfvl
bcoli scr rcspleblbls pkr eks mkitrfouycitcs y/k rcspkisloecs l trlvæs bc bkmujcitks olimlrfks
mkjk m`cqucs, tlrnctls bc mræbftk y mulequfcrmulequfcr ktrk jcbfk gc`lmfcitc bc plhk cstloecmfbk
cstloecmfbk echlejcitc.
El luscimfl bce rcsplebk `lrì prcsujfr el ficxfstcimfl bc el trlislmmfýi1 <?. Trcvcifr y rcprfjfr eks
feêmftks trfoutlrfks bcitrk bce ìjoftk bc su mkjpctcimfl, lsfjfsjk mkistftufrsmkistftufrsc
c ci ce ýrhlik tæmifmk bc
fivcstfhlmfýi bc bceftks trfoutlrfks y prkjkvcr mkjk vêmtfjl eks prkmcsks pcilecs trfoutlrfks1 <=.
Ktrls glmuetlbcs lsfhilbls
lsfhilbls pkr els bfspksfmfkics
bfspksfmfkics echlecs cspcmflecs. ]fi pcrnufmfk bc ek cxprcslbk ci
eks iujcrlec
iujcrlecs s litcrfkrc
litcrfkrcs,
s, ci jltcrfl
jltcrfl lbulic
lbulicrl, rl, el Lbjfifs
Lbjfifstrlm
trlmfýi
fýi Rrfoutlrf
Rrfoutlrfl
l tfcic
tfcic els sfhufcit
sfhufcitcs
cs
glmuetlb
glmu etlbcs>
cs> <. Mkitrkel
Mkitrkelr,
r, vfhfelr
vfhfelr y gfsmlefzl
gfsmlefzlrr ce plsk bc jcrmlimêls
jcrmlimêls pkr els grkitcrls,
grkitcrls, pucrtks
pucrtks y 
lcrkpuc
lcrk pucrtks
rtks bce plês,
plês, mki glmuetlbcs
glmuetlbcs bc fispcmmf
fispcmmfýi,ýi, rcvfsfýi
rcvfsfýi y mkitrke
mkitrke bc jcrmlimê
jcrmlimêls,ls, jcbfks
jcbfks y 
uifblbcs bc trlispkrtc1 ?. Fitcrvcifr ci ce trìgfmk fitcrilmfkile plrl el rcmlublmfýi bc eks trfoutks
lbulicrks y ktrks quc bctcrjfici els ecycs1 =. Lbjfifstrlr eks rchêjcics y kpcrlmfkics lbulicrls.

Ce lrt. <44 cspcmêgfml y bctleel jìs el prfjcrl glmuetlb litcrfkrjcitc ecêbl.

 Lrtêmuek <44´ (Cncrmfmfk bc el Glmuetlb  ). El Lbjfifstrlmfýi
Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl bfspkibrì
bfspkibrì fibfstfitljcitc
fibfstfitljcitc bc
ljpefls glmuetlbcs bc mkitrke, vcrfgfmlmfýi, gfsmlefzlmfýi c fivcstfhlmfýi, l trlvæs bc els mulecs, ci
cspcmfle, pkbrì> <. Cxfhfr le sunctk plsfvk k tcrmcrk rcspkisloec el figkrjlmfýi icmcslrfl, lsê mkjk
mulequfcr efork, bkmujcitk y mkrrcspkibcimfl mki cgcmtks trfoutlrfks. ?. Fispcmmfkilr y ci su mlsk
scmucstrlr k fimlutlr rchfstrks mkitloecs, mkjcrmflecs, lbulicrks, bltks, olscs bc bltks, prkhrljls
bc sfstcjl (skgtwlrc bc olsc) y prkhrljls bc lpefmlmfýi (skgtwlrc bc lpefmlmfýi), fimeufbk ce mýbfhk
gucitc
guc itc,, quc
quc sc utfutfefm
efmci
ci ci eks sfstcj
sfstcjls
ls figkr
figkrjì
jìtfm
tfmks
ks bc rchfst
rchfstrk
rk y mkitlo
mkitlofef
fefbl
blb,
b, el figkrj
figkrjlm
lmfýi
fýi
mkitcifbl ci els olscs bc bltks y tkbl ktrl bkmujcitlmfýi quc sustcitc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl k el
koefhlmfýi bc plhk, mkigkrjc ek cstloecmfbk ci ce Lrtêmuek <4?¾ plrìhrlgk FF. =. _clefzlr lmtulmfkics
bc fispcmmfýi jltcrfle bc ofcics, ekmlecs, cecjcitks, cxpektlmfkics
cxpektlmfkics c fistlelmfkics
fistlelmfkics rcelmfkilbks mki
ce `cm`k fjpkifoec. _cqucrfr ce luxfefk fijcbfltk bc el gucrzl pþoefml mulibk gucrl icmcslrfk k
mulibk
muli bk sus guimfki
guimfkilrfk
lrfks
s trkpczlr
trkpczlrli
li mki fimkivci
fimkivcifci
fcitcs
tcs ci ce bcscjpc
bcscjpcükük bc sus guimfki
guimfkics.
cs. 2.
_clefzlr mkitrkecs `loftulecs y ik `loftulecs bc eks bcpýsftks lbulicrks, zkils grlimls, tfcibls
eforcs y ktrks cstloecmfjfcitks vfimuelbks k ik le mkjcrmfk cxtcrfkr, lsê mkjk prlmtfmlr lvleþks k
vcrfgfmlmfkics gêsfmls bc tkbl melsc bc ofcics k jcrmlimêls, fimeusk burlitc su trlispkrtc k trìisftk.
3. _cqucrfr bc els citfblbcs pþoefmls, kpcrlbkrcs bc mkjcrmfk cxtcrfkr, luxfeflrcs bc el guimfýi
 pþoefml lbulicrl
lbulicrl y tcrmcrks, el figkrjlmfýi
figkrjlmfýi y bkmujcitlmfýi
bkmujcitlmfýi rceltfvls l kpcrlmfkics
kpcrlmfkics bc mkjcrmfk
cx
cxtc
tcrf
rfkr
kr,, ls
lsêê mkjk
mkjk el prcs prcsci
citl
tlmf
mfýi
ýi bc bfmt
bfmtìj
ìjci
cics
cs tæ
tæmi
mifm
fmks
ks celo
celokr
krlb
lbks
ks pkpkrr pr
prkg
kgcs
csfk
fkil
ilec
ecs
s
cspcmflefzlbks ci el jltcrfl. 7. ]kefmftlr figkrjcs l ktrls Lbjfifstrlmfkics Rrfoutlrfls, cjprcsls k
fistftumfkics
fistftumfki cs tlitk ilmfkilecs
ilmfkilecs mkjk cxtrlincrls,
cxtrlincrls, lsê mkjk l krhlifsjks
krhlifsjks fitcrilmfkilecs. 8. Fitcrvcifr 

<6
 

eks fihrcsks cmkiýjfmks bc eks cspcmtìmueks pþoefmks quc ik `lyli sfbk prcvfljcitc pucstks l
mkikmfjfcitk bc el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl plrl su mkitrke trfoutlrfk. 0. Cjolrhlr prcvcitfvljcitc
bficrk
bficrk y jcrml
jcrmlimêimêls
ls ci mulitê
mulitêll su
sugfm
gfmfci
fcitc
tc plrl
plrl lsch
lschurl
urlrr ce pl
plhk
hk bc el bcbcub
ubl l trf
trfou
outlr
tlrfl
fl qu
quc
c
mkrrcspkibl cxfhfr pkr lmtfvfblbcs eumrltfvls cncrmfbls sfi cstloecmfjfcitk y quc ik `uofcrli sfbk
bcmelrlbls. 6. _cmlolr bce nucz mlutcelr bc turik, krbci bc leeliljfcitk y rcqufsl quc bcocrì scr 
bcsplm`lbl bcitrk bc els mfimk (3) `krls sfhufcitcs l el prcscitlmfýi bce rcqucrfjfcitk gfsmle, mki
`lofeftlmfýi bc bêls y `krls fi`ìofecs sf gucrli icmcslrfls, olnk rcspkislofefblb. Els glmuetlbcs bc
mkitrk
mki trke,
e, vc
vcrfg
rfgfml
fmlmfý
mfýi,
i, gfs
gfsmle
mlefzl
fzlmfý
mfýi
i c fivcs
fivcstfh
tfhlm
lmfýi
fýi bcsmr
bcsmrftl
ftls
s ci cstc
cstc Lrtêm
Lrtêmuek
uek,, sk
skii gu
guimf
imfki
kics
cs
lbjfifst
lbjf ifstrltfv
rltfvls
ls fi`crci
fi`crcitcs
tcs l el Lbjfifs
Lbjfifstrlmf
trlmfýi
ýi Rrfoutlr
Rrfoutlrfl
fl bc mlrìmtcr
mlrìmtcr prcnubf
prcnubfmfle
mfle y ik mkistftu
mkistftuyc
yc
 pcrscmumfýi
 pcrscmumf ýi pcile.
pcile.

BKMRK_.- KNK> ci vfrtub bce prfimfpfk bc echlefblb el lbjfifstrlmfýi pþoefml skek pucbc `lmcr ek quc
cstì cxprcsljcitc cstì lutkrfzlbk pkr ecy. Mki ek quc lprcibcjks bce lrt. <44 cs l citcibcr quc
glmuetlbcs tfcic el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl.
Bc jlicrl lbcelitlbl> »\uæ sfhifgfml bctcrjfilmfýi bc eks trfoutks; ]fhifgfml quc lehufci, pucbc scr 
ce sunctk plsfvk k el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl, tfcici el glmuetlb bc bcmfr> `l cxfstfbk ce `cm`k
hcicrlbkr, `ls fbk l el lubfcimfl y `lz mkorlbk pkr ek tlitk `ls jltcrflefzlbk ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr bce
FWL y bcocs plhlr, y ci ui lmtk lbjfifstrltfvk sc cstloecmc el bctcrjfilmfýi bce trfoutk, csc lmtk
lbjfifstrltfvk sc eeljl rcskeumfýi bctcrjfiltfvl quc fitcrrujpêl el prcsmrfpmfýi.

  Rcic
Rcicjk
jkss el gl
glmu
muetetlb
lb bc _C
_CML
MLSB
SBLM
LMFK
FKI,
I, bctc
bctcrj
rjfi
filb
lbl
l ci ce  Lrtêmuek <43´ (Glmuetlb bc
_cmlublmfýi). El Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl cstì glmuetlbl plrl rcmlublr els bcubls trfoutlrfls ci
tkbk jkjcitk, yl scl l fistlimfl bce sunctk plsfvk k tcrmcrk rcspkisloec, k cncrmfcibk su glmuetlb bc
cncmumfýi trfoutlrfl. 

CNCMSMFKI R_FOSRL_FL.- El lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl pucbc cncmutlr pkr sf jfsjl sus bcmfsfkics,
ik icmc
icmcsf
sftl
tl lutk
lutkrf
rfzl
zlmf
mfýi
ýi nubf
nubfmf
mfle
le,, pucb
pucbc
c cj
cjol
olrh
rhlr
lr of
ofci
cics
cs,, pc
pcbf
bfrr sk
skefefmf
mftl
tlrr l el
elss lu
lutk
tkrf
rfbl
blbc
bcss
mkrrcspkibfcitcs el mlimcelmfýi bc mucitls bc jlicrl bfrcmtl.
El lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl pucbc prkmcslr y slimfkilr els mkitrlvcimfkics, ci jltcrfl trfoutlrfl `ly
eks feêmftks trfoutlrfks quc sc bfvfbci ci> <. Bceftks ?. Mkitrlvcimfkics
Els mkitrlvcimfkics els prkmcsl el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl y els slimfkil.

<2 LHK]RK ?4<6

3. »CPTEF\SC CI \SÆ MKI]F]RC CE LMRK BC BCRC_JFILMF
BCRC_JFILMFÝI
ÝI R_FOSRL_FL
R_FOSRL_FL;
;
Lrtêmuek 6?´ (Bcgfifmfýi). El bctcrjfilmfýi cs ce lmtk pkr ce mule ce sunctk plsfvk k el Lbjfifstrlmfýi
Rrfoutlrfl bcmelrli el cxfstcimfl y mulitêl bc uil bcubl trfoutlrfl k su ficxfstcimfl.
7. »CPTEF\SC MSÌEC]
MSÌEC] ]KI EL] GK_JL]
GK_JL] BC BCRC_JFILMFÝ
BCRC_JFILMFÝI;
I;
 Lrtêmuek 6=´ (Gkrjls
(Gkrjls bc Bctcrjfilmfýi
Bctcrjfilmfýi).
).
F. El bctcrjfilmfýi bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl sc rclefzlrì>
<. Tkr ce sunctk plsfvk k tcrmcrk rcspkisloec, l trlvæs bc bcmelrlmfkics nurlbls, ci els quc sc
bctcrjfil el bcubl trfoutlrfl.
?. Tkr el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl, bc kgfmfk ci cncrmfmfk bc els glmuetlbcs ktkrhlbls pkr Ecy.

?4
 

=. Jfxtl, mulibk ce sunctk plsfvk k tcrmcrk rcspkisloec lpkrtc eks bltks ci jærftk `l eks mulecs el
 Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl gfnl ce fjpkrtc
fjpkrtc l plhlr.
FF. El bctcrjfilmfýi prlmtfmlbl pkr el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl pkbrì scr tktle k plrmfle. Ci ifihþi
mlsk pkbrì rcpctfrsc ce konctk bc el gfsmlefzlmfýi yl prlmtfmlbl, slevk mulibk ce mkitrfouycitc k
tcrmcrk rcspkisloec `uofcrl kmuetlbk bkeksljcitc figkrjlmfýi vfimuelbl l `cm`ks hrlvlbks.
Citkimcs tcicjks trcs gkrjls bc bctcrjfilmfýi>

Sik cgcmtulbl
cgcmtulbl pkr ce sunctk plsfvk quc cs el krbfi
krbfilrfl
lrfl el bce pkbcr mkitrfouy
mkitrfouycitc
citc æe quc jltcrflef
jltcrflefzl
zl
ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr y tfcic ui tfcjpk `ìofe plrl mkjuifmlr l el lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl quc csc
`cm`k hcicrlbkr cxfstfbk mule cs el olsc fjpkifoec y muìe cs el leêmuktl y sc bctcrjfil el bcubl
trfoutlrfl csk cs ek quc oìsfmljcitc `lmcjks mki eks gkrjuelrfks
Citkim
Citkimcscs cs el prfj prfjcr
crll gk
gkrj
rjll bc bctcbctcrjrjfi
film
lmfý
fýi
i trtrfo
fout
utlr
lrfl
fl pk
pkrq
rquc
uc scscrê
rêl
l fjpk
fjpksf
sfoe
oec
c qu qucc el
lb
lbjf
jfif
ifst
strlm
rlmfý
fýi
i Rrfo
Rrfout
utlr
lrfl
fl mkit
mkitrk
rkec
ec cg
cgcm
cmtftfvl
vljc
jcit
itcc tk
tkbk
bk,, ik vl mk mkit
itrke
rkelr
lr tk
tkbk
bk ci vfrt
vfrtub
ub bc el
sfjpefgfm
sfjpefgfmlmfýi
lmfýi y el c cgfmlm
gfmlmfl
fl bc ssuu ræh
ræhfjci
fjci cstlo
cstloecmc
ecmc el ko koefhlm
efhlmfýi
fýi p
plrl
lrl mlbl
mlbl uik bc ikskt
iksktrks
rks bc
bcmelrlr ci els koefhlmfkics ttrfoutlrfls
rfoutlrfls l trlvæs bc gkrjuelrfks bce sunctk plsfvk. Sil vcz vcz susmrftk eks
bltks ce gkrjue
gkrjuelrfk
lrfk prcs
prcscitlbk
citlbk le olimk l luiquc
uiquc ik sc `l `lyl
yl plhlb
plhlbk k csl yl cs ui uil
l bcubl cx cxfhfoec
fhfoec
yl ik tfcic quc `lmcr el bctcrjfilmf
bctcrjfilmfýiýi trfoutlrfl el lbjfifstrlm
lbjfifstrlmfýi fýi Rrfoutlrfl.
El schuibl bctcrjfilmfýi cs pkr el lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl, ci ce usk bc sus glmuetlbcs pucbc
fifmflr
fifmflr ui prkmc
prkmcsk
sk bbc
c mki
mkitrke
trke bc gfsml
gfsmlefzlm
efzlmfýi
fýi quc vl bc bcrfvlr
rfvlr ci uil
uil bct
bctcrjfi
crjfilmfýi
lmfýi trfou
trfoutlrfl
tlrfl ,
cncjpek Wfrhfefk bcmelrý pcrk rcsuetl quc Rcicjks figkrjlmfýi bc quc el prcstlbk lscskrêl nurêbfml
pcrk æe ik `l cjftfbk glmturls le rcspcmtk pcrk ci el mkitlofefblb bc uil bctcrjfilbl cjprcsl cstì
æsl prcstlmfýi bc scrvfmfks mruzý csl figkrjlmfýi y vky l gfsmlef
gfsmlefzlr
zlr y el lbjfifst
lbjfifstrlmfýi
rlmfýi trfoutlrfl vl
gfsmle
gfsmlefzl
fzlrr y el cjf
cjftc
tc uil krbci bc gfsmle
gfsmlefzl
fzlmfý
mfýi
i y csc prkmc
prkmcbfj
bfjfci
fcitk
tk tcrjfi
tcrjfil
l ci uil rcskeu
rcskeumfý
mfýii
lbjfifstrltfvl quc sc eeljl rcskeumfýi .... Tkr el mule cstloecmc
cstloecmc quc `l cxfstfbk ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr 
quc cstl tfcic
tfcic lbc
lbcjìs
jìs uil olsc fj
fjpkifoe
pkifoecc y csl olsolsc
c fjpki
fjpkifoec
foec `l hci
hcicrlbk
crlbk uil bc
bctcrjf
tcrjfilbl
ilbl
bcubl trfoutlrfl. _chuelrjcitc
_chuelrjcitc ci ce ìj
ìjoftk
oftk trfoutlrfk iksktrks vljks l ltlmlr cstls
cstls rcskeumfkics.
El bctcrjfilmfýi jfxtl quc sc bl pkr cncjpek ci iucstrk sfstcjl
sfstcjl trfoutlrfk rcspcmtk le fjpucstk bc
prkpfcblb bc ofcics fijucoecs ci el mule ce prkpfct
prkpfctlrfk
lrfk (sunctk plsfvk) mkjuifml l elel lbjfifstrlmfýi
mfcr
mfcrtk
tkss rlsh
rlshks
ks,, cecj
cecjci
citk
tks,
s, mlrlm
mlrlmtc
tcrê
rêst
stfm
fmls
ls bce
bce ofci
ofci fifiju
jucocoec
ec y el lb lbjf
jfif
ifst
strlm
rlmfý
fýi
i Rr
Rrfo
fout
utlr
lrfl
fl

schufbljcit
schufbljcitc
cstloecmcr el cbcubl
lpefm
lpefml
l l cstls mlrl
trfoutlrfl. mlrlmtcrê
mtcrêstfml
stfmlss uils gýrjuels cstl
cstloecmf
oecmfbls
bls ci el ecy juifmf
juifmfple
ple plrl

8. »\SÆ ]FHIFGFML EL BCMEL_LMFÝI NS_LBL;

Lrtêmuek 80´ (Bcmelrlmfýi Nurlbl).
F. Els bcm
bcmelr
elrlmf
lmfkic
kicss nurlbl
nurlblss ski el jlijlifgc
fgcstl
stlmfý
mfýi
i bc `cm
`cm`ks
`ks,, lmt
lmtks
ks y blt
bltks
ks mkj
mkjuif
uifmlb
mlbks
ks l el
 Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl ci el gkrjl, jcbfks, pelzks y euhlrcs cstloecmfbks
cstloecmfbks pkr els rcheljcitlmfkics
quc æstl cjftl
cjftl,, sc prcsuj
prcsujcici gfce rcgec
rcgecnk
nk bc el vcrblb y mkjpr
mkjprkjctc
kjctci i el rcspkislof
rcspkislofefblb
efblb bc qufci
qufcics
cs
els susmrfoci ci eks tærjfiks scülelbks pkr cstc Mýbfhk.
FF. Tkbrìi rcmtfgfmlrsc l rcqucrfjfcitk bc el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl k pkr fifmfltfvl bce sunctk plsfvk
k tcrmcrk rcspkisloec, mulibk el rcmtfgfmlmfýi tcihl mkjk cgcmtk ce lujcitk bce slebk l glvkr bce
Gfsmk k el bfsjfiumfýi
bce bcmelrlitc, mulibkbce
el slebk l glvkrtcihl
rcmtfgfmlmfýi bce bcmelrlitc. Rljofæi
mkjk cgcmtk pkbrìibce
ce lujcitk rcmtfgfmlrsc l eforcbce
slebk l glvkr fifmfltfvl
sunctk
plsfvk k el bfsjfiumfýi bce slebk l glvkr bce Gfsmk, prcvfl vcrfgfmlmfýi bc el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl.
?<
 

Eks eêjftcs, gkrjls, pelzks y mkibfmfkics bc els bcmelrlmfkics rcmtfgfmltkrfls scrìi cstloecmfbks
jcbflitc _cheljcitk.
Ci tkbks eks mlsks, el Bcmelrlmfýi Nurlbl rcmtfgfmltkrfl sustftufrì l el krfhfile mki rcelmfýi l eks bltks
quc sc rcmtfgfmli.
El bcm
bcmelr
elrlmf
lmfýi
ýi nur
nurlbl
lbl cs el jli
jlifgc
fgcstl
stlmfý
mfýi
i bc el vke
vkeuit
uitlb
lb bce sun
sunctk
ctk plsfv
plsfvk
k »qu
»qufæi
fæi cgc
cgcmtþ
mtþl
l el
bcmelrlmfýi
bcmelrlmfýi nur
nurlbl
lbl l trlvæs bc cs
cstks
tks gkrj
gkrjuelrfk
uelrfks;
s; Cs ce sunct
sunctk
k plsfvk ce quc jl
jltcrfl
tcrflefzl
efzl ce `cm`k

hcicrl
hcicrlbkr
bkr quc
Rrfoutlrfl
Rrfoutlrfl k tc
tcrmcrk
`rmcrk
`ll cx rcspki
rcspkisloec
cxfstfbk cesloec
fstfbk j
jlifgf
`cm`klifgfcstl
cstlbkr
hcicrl
hcicrlbkr b
bc
ccjlicr
jlicrll gkr
muìe cs gkrjle
u jle
ssu mul cxprcs
cxprcsl
mulitêl
itêl l litc
y muìe cs eelll bcu
eel lbjfi
lbjfifstrl
bcubl fstrlmfýi
bl tr mfýi
trfoutl
foutlrfl
rfl
cjcrhcitc bc csl bcmelrlmfýi .
0. »CP
»CPTEF
TEFML
ML CE T_K
T_KMCB
MCBFJF
FJFCIR
CIRK
K BC BCR
BCRC_J
C_JFIL
FILMFÝ
MFÝI
I T
TK_
K_ EL LBJ
LBJFIF
FIF]R_
]R_LMF
LMFÝI
ÝI
R_FOSRL_FL;
Tlsks>
El lbjfifst
lbjfifstrlm
rlmfýi
fýi tfcic
tfcic el glm
glmuet
uetlb
lb bc mki
mkitrk
trkelr
elr vcrfgfm
vcrfgfmlr
lr y gfsmle
gfsmlefzl
fzlr..
r.... Ce muj
mujpef
pefjfc
jfcitk
itk bc els
koefhlmfkics trfoutlrfls bc eks mkitrfouycitcs. Citkimcs
<>El lbjfifstrlmfýi
lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl el echfs
echfselmfýi
elmfýi pkr mkitrkelr tkbls els kpcrlmfkics scr
scrêl
êl jl
jltcrflejcitc
tcrflejcitc
fjpk
fjpksf
sfoe
oecs
cs CiCitk
tkim
imcs
cs trtrls
lspl
plsl
sl el glglmu
muetetlb
lb bc bc bctc
tcrj
rjfi
filr
lr le su
sunc
nctk
tk plsf
plsfvk
vk y c css ccee qu
quc
c
mkismf
mkismfcit
citcjc
cjcitc
itc
lbjfifstrlmfýi cstcbco
bcoc
cscceb
bcmf
cmfrr `c
prfjcr plsk mko
mkorlb
.... rlbk
Bc koucil
p
pkr
kr cst
cstì
gc ì l
lubf
ubfcim
cimfl
fl bco
bcok
k glmtur
glmturlr
lr y bcmelr
bcmelrlr
lr l el

?>El lbjfifs
lbjfifstrlmfý
trlmfýii Rrfout
Rrfoutlrfl
lrfl ci ce cncrm
cncrmfmfk
fmfk bc ssusus guim
guimfkics
fkics y plrl bcj bcjìs
ìs cstl
cstloecmcr
oecmcr mmfcrtl
fcrtl
fitfjfblmf
fitfj fblmfýi
ýi litc eks suncsunctks
tks plsfv
plsfvks
ks bcoc cgcmt
cgcmtulr
ulr tlrcl
tlrclss bc vcrfgfmlm
vcrfgfmlmfýi,
fýi, gfsm
gfsmlefzl
lefzlmfýi
mfýi y mkork ek
`lmc l trlvæs bc prkm prkmcbfjf
cbfjfcitk
citk rc
rchelbks
helbks ci ce mmýbfhk
ýbfhk ttrfout
rfoutlrfk
lrfk y ek `lm
`lmc c lbcjì
lbcjìss kocbcm
kocbcmfcibk
fcibk
mrftcrfks bc fitcefhcimfl trfoutlrfl
trfoutlrfl c fitcrmljofk bc figkrjlm
figkrjlmfýi
fýi citkimcs rcsuetl quc el lbjfifstrlmfýi
Rrfoutlrfl
Rrfou tlrfl b
bc
c jlicrl fitcri
fitcrill tfcic ui bltk bc q quc
uc ce Wf
Wfrhfefk
rhfefk c
cstì
stì hc
hcicrlib
icrlibk k jum`l rfqucz
rfquczll y `ly
cvfbcimfl quc æe ik cstì mkjuifmlibk tkbks eks `cm`ks hcicrlbkrcs quc jltcrflefzl citkimcs ce
bfrcmtkr bfstrftle bc scrvfmfks bc ffjpucstks
jpucstks Ilmfkilecs ci su krbciljfcitk fitcrik bcoc ktkrhlr uil
krbci
krb ci bc vcrvcrfgf
fgfmlm
mlmfýi
fýi mk
mkjkjk prf
prfjcr
jcr pl
plsk
sk krb
krbci
ci bc vcr vcrfgf
fgfmlm
mlmfýi
fýi y gfgfsml
smlefz
efzlmf
lmfýi
ýi l ui tæmifmk
tæmifmk bc
fjpucstks Citkimcs prfjcrk kpcrlmfýi cstl rchelbl ik cs quc ce gfsmlefzlbkr vl fr bkibc qufcrl
ik, `ly mrftcrfks fitcriks quc vfcici pkr fitcefhcimfl trfoutlrfl k pkr bciuimfl y ce bfrcmtkr bfstrftle
cjftc ui bkmujcitk quc sc eeljl krbci bc vcrf vcrfgfmlmfýi
gfmlmfýi .
Cncjpek> nuefk cs ce gfsmlefzlbkr citkimcs sc ec cjftc l nuefk ci vfrtub bc csl krbci quc cstloecmc
cspcmêgfml
cspcm êgfmljcitc
jcitc quc fjpucs
fjpucstks
tks vls l gfgfsmlef
smlefzlr
zlr y q quc
uc ppcrfkb
crfkbks
ks gfsml
gfsmlecs
ecs vls l gfgfsmlef
smlefzlr
zlr , vvll l el
kgfmfil bc Wfrhfefk y tkml el pucrtl y ec bfmc juy of ofci
ci lmì cstì ec iktfgf
iktfgfml
ml el krbci bc vc vcrfgfmlmfýi
rfgfmlmfýi y ec
bfmc scükr Wfrhf
Wfrhfefk
efk vljks l gfsmgfsmlefzl
lefzlrr ce mujp
mujpefjfc
efjfcitk
itk bce FWL bce FR bc gcorcr gcorcrkk jlrzk,
jlrzk, lorfe bce
?4<8 citkim
citkimcscs prkpkrmf
prkpkrmfýicik
ýicikss tkbl el figkr
figkrjlmfý
jlmfýii citkimcs æe tfcic quc blrecs glmturl glmturls,s, eforks bc
vcitls, bcmelrlmfýi nurlbls citkimcs æe tfcic ce bcocr bc prkpkrmfkilr ffigkrjlmfýiigkrjlmfýi bc lbjfifstrlmfýi
Rrfoutlrfl
Rrfou tlrfl cit
citkimcs
kimcs bcsbcspuæs
puæs bc `locr mk mkischuf
ischufbkbk cstì figk
figkrjlmf
rjlmfýi
ýi c figkrjl
figkrjlmfýi
mfýi lbf
lbfmfkile
mfkile nuefk
gfsmlefzl
gfsmlefzlbkr
bkr vl l su kgfmf
kgfmfil
il y lil
lilefzl
efzl bcspu
bcspuæsæs bc ui ppelzk
elzk bc = =4
4 bêls cjftc u ui
i bkmuj
bkmujcitk
citk qu quc
c sc
eelj
eeljll vf vfst
stl
l bc mlrh
mlrhk
k (v
(vfs
fstl
tl bbcc ml
mlrh
rhk
k cs uiluil bc
bctc
tcrj
rjfi
film
lmfý
fýi
i pr prkv
kvfs
fsfk
fkil
ilee ) ik
ik cs ui l lmt
mtk
k
lbjfifstrltfvk bcgfiftfvk
bcgfiftfvk sf ik prkvf
prkvfsfkile
sfkile bkibc ec bfmc ce nuefk le Wfrhfefk plrcmc quc ky kycc quc ik `ls

bcmelrlbk tle kpcrlmfýik ktrfoutlrfk

mulequfcr prkmcbfjfcitk
prkmcbfjfcit plrcmc quc `ls fimujpefbk
bc cncrmcr ce bcrcm`kcstc
l elbcocr gkrjle
bcgcisl pcrk ui
y tfcics plrcmc, tu pucbcs
pcrfkbk ci
ci ce mule
vls l fit
fitcrpkicr
crpkicr mkitrl el vvfstl
fstl bc mlrhk ilbl bc qu
quc
c plrcmc ec vl bcmfr ce Wfrhfef
Wfrhfefk
k slocs quc jfrl

??
 

lquê cstl els glmt

lquê glmturl
urls,
s, bcme
bcmelrl
lrlmfk
mfkics
ics tus kosc
koscrvl
rvlmfk
mfkics
ics ik cstìi bc lmuc lmucrbk
rbk l el rclef
rclefblb
blb ........
Citkimcs ek quc `lmc pkstcrfkrjcitc nuefk cs vlekrlr el prucol bc bcs
bcsmlrhk
mlrhk prcscitlbk pkr Wfrhfefk y
cjftfrr uil rcskeumfý
cjftf rcskeumfýi
i bctcrjfil
bctcrjfiltfvl
tfvl quc cstc sf cs ui lmtk lbjfifst
lbjfifstrltfv
rltfvk
k bc mlrìm
mlrìmtcr
tcr bcgfif
bcgfiftfvk
tfvk
trfoutlrfk c fjpuhilbk citkimcs cjftc uil rcskeumfýi bctcrjfiltfvl mki tkbls els mlrlmtcrêstfmls
cstloecmfbks ci ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk guibljcitle vli l scr guibljcitlm
guibljcitlmfýifýi , quc bcoc guibljcitlr 
pkrquc; Ci quæ mfrmuistlimfls,
mfrmuistlimfls, lrhujcitl el lbjfifstrlmf
lbjfifstrlmfýi
ýi Rrfoutlrfl quc `l jltcrflefzlbk ce `cm`k
hcicrlbkr y mkjk sc cstloecmc mulitêl, Citkimcs cs tkbk ui prkmcbfjfcitk 

<. Krb
Krbci
ci b
bc
c vvcr
crfgfgfm
fmlm
lmfý
fýi
i
?. Ktk
Ktkrhl
rhlmfý
mfýi
i bc bkm bkmujc
ujcitl
itlmfý
mfýi
i
=. Wf
Wfsstl bc mlrhk
lrhk
2. Tc
Tcrf
rfkb
kbk
kbbc
cppru
ruco
col
l
3. _c
_csk
skeu
eumf
mfýi
ýi bctc
bctcrj
rjfi
filt
ltfv
fvl
l
 (CI csl rcskeumfýi
rcskeumfýi bctcrjfiltfvl
bctcrjfiltfvl sc ec iktfgf
iktfgfml
ml le Wfrhfefk y l`ê citrl eks lokhl
lokhlbks
bks l`ê vfcic eks
mefcitcs y iks bfm
bfmc
c tcihk uil rcskeumfýi bctcrjf
bctcrjfiltfvl
iltfvl quc `lhk y l`ê citrl ce lokhlbk l fjpuhilr 
el rcskeumfýi bctcrjfiltfvl).
Cstc prkmcbfjfcitk rchuelrjcitc ik bcocrêl burlr jìs bc 7 jcscs pkr csk cs tljofæi cs mlusl
bc suspci
suspcisfý
sfýi
i bc el prcsprcsmrf
mrfpmf
pmfýi.
ýi. El rcs
rcskeu
keumfý
mfýi
i bctcr
bctcrjfi
jfiltf
ltfvl
vl cs el þifml
þifml rcske
rcskeumf
umfýi
ýi bc el
lbjfifstrlm
lbjfi fstrlmfýi
fýi Rr
Rrfoutl
foutlrfl
rfl qu
qucc fitc
fitcrrujp
rrujpc
c (fit
(fitcrrujp
crrujpc c cs bcm
bcmfr
fr quc vucev
vucevc
c l scr) el prc
prcsmrfp
smrfpmfýi
mfýi
pkrquc cstìi pkr prcsmrfofr eks
eks trfoutks citkimcs ci bfmfcjorc tfcici quc Iktfgfmlr pkrquc ce prfjcrk
bc cicrk prcsmrfoci eks trfoutks.
El koefhlmfýi ilmc surhc ci ce jkjcitk bc el jltcrflefzlmfýi bce `cm`k hcicrlbkr.
6. »MSÌIBK
»MSÌIBK V MÝJK KTC_L E
EL
L BCRC_
BCRC_JFILMFÝI
JFILMFÝI JFPRL;
Kpcrl mul
Kpcrl mulibk
ibk el lbj
lbjfif
fifstr
strlmf
lmfýi
ýi Rrf
Rrfout
outlrf
lrfl
l mul
mulibk
ibk ci mkk
mkkpcr
pcrlmf
lmfýi
ýi bce sunctk
sunctk pls
plsfvk
fvk rcl
rclefz
efzl
l el
bctcrjfilmfýi trfoutlrfl l plrtfr bc el figkrjlmfýi prkpkrmfkilbl...
Kpcrl ci iucstrk ìjoftk fjpucstk l el p
prkpfcblb
rkpfcblb bc ofcics fijucoecs.

<4. »MKIGK_JC LE MÝBFHK R_FOSRL_FK OKEFWFLIK MSLE C] EL ILRS_LEC^L NS_ÊBFML

BC EL BCRC_JFILMFÝI;
L_RÊMSEK 66´ (_cskeumfýi Bctcrjfiltfvl).
FFF. El _cskeumfýi Bctcrjfiltfvl
Bctcrjfiltfvl tfcic mlrìmtcr bcmelrltfvk y ik mkistftutfvk bc el koefhlmfýi trfoutlrfl.
Bcmelrltfvk cstì mkjuifmlibk quc `l cxfstfbk ce `cm
`cm`k.
`k.
<<»CI \S
<<»CI \SC
C MKI
MKI]F]
]F]RC
RC CE JÆ
JÆRKB
RKBK
K BC BCR
BCRC_J
C_JFIL
FILMFÝ
MFÝI
I CI OL
OL]C
]C MFC
MFC_RL
_RL V OL
OL]C
]C
T_C]SIRL;
L_RÊMSEK 2=´ (Jætkbks bc Bctcrjfilmfýi bc el Olsc Fjpkifoec).   El olsc fjpkifoec pkbrì
bctcrjfilrsc pkr eks sfhufcitcs jætkbks>

F. ]korc olsc mfcrtl, tkjlibk ci mucitl eks bkmujcitks c figkrjlmfkics quc pcrjftli mkikmcr ci
gkrjl bfrcmtl c fibuoftloec eks `cm`ks hcicrlbkrcs bce trfoutk.

?=
 

FF. ]korc olsc prcsuitl, ci jærftk l eks `cm`ks y mfrmuistlimfls quc, pkr su vfimuelmfýi k mkicxfýi
ikrjle mki ce `cm`k hcicrlbkr bc el koefhlmfýi, pcrjftli bcbumfr el cxfstcimfl y mulitêl bc el
koefhlmfýi mulibk mkimurrl lehuil bc els mfrmuistlimfls rchuelbls ci ce lrtêmuek sfhufcitc.
FFF. Mulibk el Ecy cimkjfcibc el bctcrjfilmfýi le sunctk lmtfvk prcsmfibfcibk plrmfle k tktlejcitc bce
sunctk plsfvk, æstl bcocrì prlmtfmlrsc skorc olsc mfcrtl y sýek pkbrì rclefzlrsc el bctcrjfilmfýi
skorc olsc prcsuitl bc lmucrbk l ek cstloecmfbk ci ce Lrtêmuek sfhufcitc, schþi mkrrcspkibl. Ci
tkbks
tkb ks cst
cstks
ks mls
mlsks
ks el bct
bctcrj
crjfil
filmfý
mfýi
i pkb
pkbrì
rì scr fjp
fjpuhi
uhilbl
lbl pkr ce sunctk
sunctk pls
plsfvk
fvk,, lpe
lpefml
fmlibk
ibk eks
prkmcbfjfcitks prcvfstks ci ce Rêtuek FFF bce prcscitc Mýbfhk.
Cncjpek> Nuefk vl bkibc ce Wfrhfefk y rrcsuetl
csuetl quc `ly uil bcubl fbcitfgfmlbl quc ik `l sfbk plhlbl
citkimcs
citkim cs tfci
tfcic
c quc bctc
bctcrjfil
rjfilrr uil bcubl » »Mkjk
Mkjk ek ` `lmc
lmc mýj
mýjkk kpcrlt
kpcrltfvfzl
fvfzl mkjk cs cstloecm
tloecmcc el
cxfstcimfl
cxfstcimfl y muli
mulitêl
têl bc eel
l bcubl
bcubl;; _. T Trfjcr
rfjcr jætkb
jætkbkk ci oolsc
lsc MFC_R
MFC_RLL quc ssfhifg
fhifgfml
fml ci olsc l el
bkmujcitlmf
bkmuj citlmfýi
ýi quc ec `l prkpkrm
prkpkrmfkilbk
fkilbk c cee sunct
sunctk
k plsfv
plsfvk
k sc pucb
pucbc
c bctcrjfilr
bctcrjfilr elel cxfst
cxfstcimfl
cimfl b
bc
c ui
`cm`k hcicrlbkr y su mulitêl citkimcs yl lmubk bfrcmtljcitc l el bkmujcitlmfýi l figkrjlmfýi
mkitloec glmturls k figkrjlmfýi prkpkrmfkilbl pkr ktrls citfblbcs.
Ci mljofk ci olsc T_C]SIRL
T_C]SIRL bcsmkikzmk bc mulitk `l mkorlbk, mkikzmk quc `l jltcrflefzlbk c cee
`cm`k hcicrl
hcicrlbkr
bkr p
pcrk
crk b
bcsmki
csmkikzmk
kzmk pcrk mulit
mulitk
k `l mkorl
mkorlbk
bk »y mmýjk
ýjk bctcrjfik
bctcrjfik csk;
csk; _. l trlvæs
bc prcsuimfkics l trlvæs bce jætkbk bc olsc T_C]SIRL quc mkisfstc oìsfmljcitc ci quc vky l
utfefzlr
utfefzlr `cm`ks k bltks mkikm
mkikmfbks
fbks rcelm
rcelmfkilbk
fkilbkss l el jltcrf
jltcrflefzl
lefzlmfýi
mfýi bce `cm`k hcicrl
hcicrlbkr
bkr plrl
kotcicrr ui bltk bcsmk
kotcic bcsmkikm
ikmfbk
fbk ci cstc mlsk bc mul
mulitk
itk `l mko
mkorlb
rlbk
k ik slocj
slocjks,
ks, tcih
tcihk
k ui `cm`k
mkikmfbk
mkikmfbk cncjpek hcic
hcicrlejc
rlejcitc
itc ce mkechfk bc lokhlb
lokhlbks
ks tfcic ui lrlimce jêi
jêifjk
fjk y csc lrlimc
lrlimcee
jêifjk pucbk lpefmlr.
<?. »\SÆ ]KI EL] T_C]SIMFKIC] R_FOSRL_FL]; Bc bks cncjpeks
El prcsuimfýi
prcsuimfýi cs u
ui
i fistrujci
fistrujcitk
tk echle k tæmifml echle plrl mkikmcr cvcitks bcsmkikmfbks k
plrl lsujfr
lsujfr bctcrjf
bctcrjfilbls
ilbls mkis
mkiscmuci
cmucimfls
mfls nurêb
nurêbfmls
fmls bc cvcitks bcsmk
bcsmkikmf
ikmfbks
bks l plrtfr bc
`cm`ks mkikmfbks. ]c lpefmli olstlitc ci ce ìjoftk echle y tljofæi ci ce ìjoftk trfoutlrfk.
Ci ce ìjoftk nurêbfmk ci hcicrle cxfstc b
bks
ks melscs prcsuimfkics < .Nur
.Nurcs
cs tlituj
tlituj,, ??.Nurc
.Nurc bc
bc
 nurc, l`f `ly ui prkoecjl ik tkbls els prcsuimfkics pucbci scr mkjoltfoecs, `ly
prcsuimfkics>

Nurfs tlitu quc ski mkj

mkjoltfoecs
oltfoecs quc sc prcsujc slevk prucol ci mkitrlrfk y
Els nurfs ct bc nurc ik pucbcs prkolr ek mkitrlrfk cstloecmfbk ci el ecy.
Cncjpek> ci jltc
Cncjpek> jltcrfl
rfl trf
trfoutl
outlrfl
rfl Nurc bc nur
nurcc cs bcmfr ik sc lb lbjftc
jftc pr
prucol
ucol ci mki
mkitrlr
trlrfk
fk ci ce
mkitrltk bc litfmrcsfs, el lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl
Rrfoutlrfl prcsujc qucquc `ly uil utfefblb bce <4% y el
olsc fjpkifoec
fjpkifoec cs vl...... Cstl prcsu
prcsuimfýi
imfýi bc utfefblb l el olsc fjpkifoec
fjpkifoec sc vl bctcrjfilr ce
trf
trfout
outý
ý pkr jìs quc el u utfe
tfefbl
fblb
b sc liu
liuel
el cgc
cgcmtf
mtfvlj
vljcit
citcc el rcl
rclefb
efblb
lb k scl 4? k ?4 sc vl
prcsujfr quc el utfefblb
utfefblb ci ui mkitrltk bc lit litfmrcsfs
fmrcsfs cs <4% csk ik pucbcs prkolr
prkolr ci mkitrl
cs uil prcsuimfýi nnurfs
urfs ct bc nurc.
? Cncjpeks
_M FWL lrtêmuek 0-ee bce B.] ?33=< le rcheljcitk bce lrtêmuek =< bc ECV 02= , prcsuimfkics
loskeu
los keutl
tl ce jk
jkitý
itý bc bks sle
slelrf
lrfks
ks jêi
jêifjk
fjkss ilm
ilmfki
fkilec
lecss mkrrcs
mkrrcspki
pkibcbc l mkj
mkjpr
prll s bc
....cgcmtulbls l sunctks plsfvks
plsfvks bc rchêjci
rchêjcics
cs trfoutlr
trfoutlrfks
fks (nurfs ct bc nurc).

?2
 

<=. »\SC ]KI EK] BCOC_C] GK_JLEC];

L_RÊMSEK <4=´ (Wcrfgfmlmfýi bce Mujpefjfcitk bc Bcocrcs Gkrjlecs y bc el Koefhlmfýi bc
Cjftfr Glmturl).El Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl pkbrì vcrfgfmlr ce mujpefjfcitk bc eks bcocrcs gkrjlecs
bc eks sunctks plsfvks y bc su koefhlmfýi bc cjftfr glmturl, sfi quc sc rcqufcrl plrl ceek ktrk trìjftc
quc ce bc el fbcitfgfmlmfýi bc eks guimfkilrfks lmtulitcs y ci mlsk bc vcrfgfmlrsc mulequfcr tfpk bc
fimujp
fimujpefj
efjfci
fcitk
tk sc ecv
ecvlit
litlrì
lrì ui lmt
lmtl
l quc scrì gfr
gfrjlb
jlbl
l pkr eks gui
guimfk
mfkilr
ilrfks
fks y pkr ce tft
tftuel
uelrr bce
cstloecmfjfcitk k qufci ci csc jkjcitk sc `leelrl l mlrhk bce jfsjk. ]f æstc ik supfcrl k sc
ichlrl l gfrjlr, sc `lrì mkistlr ce `cm`k mki tcstfhk bc lmtulmfýi. ]c prcsujc, sfi lbjftfr prucol ci
mkitrlrfk, quc qufci rclefzl tlrcls ci ui cstloecmfjfcitk ek `lmc mkjk bcpcibfcitc bce tftuelr bce
jfsjk, rcspkislofefzlibk sus lmtks y kjfsfkics ficxmusloecjcitc l cstc þetfjk.
<2. »\SÆ C] EL MKI]SERL V MSÌE C] ]S CGCMRK;
]uoscmmfýi F> EL MKI]SERL
L_RÊMSEK <<3´ (Echftfjfblb).
F. \ufci tuvfcrl ui fitcræs pcrskile y bfrcmtk, pkbrì mkisuetlr skorc el lpefmlmfýi y lemlimc bc el
bfspksfmfýi ikrjltfvl mkrrcspkibfcitc l uil sftulmfýi bc `cm`k mkimrctl, sfcjprc quc sc trltc bc
tcjls trfoutlrfks mkigusks y/k mkitrkvcrtfoecs.

FF. El mkisuetl sc gkrjuelrì pkr csmrftk y bcocrì mujpefr eks rcqufsftks quc rcheljcitlrfljcitc sc
cstloeczmli.
FFF.
FFF. Mul
Mulibk
ibk el mki
mkisue
suetl
tl ik muj
mujpel
pel mki eks rcq
rcqufs
ufsftk
ftkss bcs
bcsmrf
mrftks
tks ci ce rcs
rcspcm
pcmtfv
tfvk
k rche
rcheljc
ljcitk
itk,, el
 Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl ik el lbjftfrì, bcvkevfæibkel le mkisuetlitc plrl quc ci ce tærjfik bc bfcz
(<4) bêls el mkjpectc1 mlsk mkitrlrfk el mkisfbcrlrì ik prcscitlbl.
L_RÊMSEK <<7´ (Trcscitlmfýi y Telzk bc _cspucstl).
F. El mkisuetl scrì prcscitlbl l el jìxfjl lutkrfblb cncmutfvl bc el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl,
bcofcibk rcspkibcrel bcitrk bce pelzk bc trcfitl (=4) bêls prkrrkhloecs l trcfitl (=4) bêls jìs
mkjputloecs bcsbc el gcm`l bc su lbjfsfýi, jcbflitc rcskeumfýi jktfvlbl. Ce fimujpefjfcitk bce
pelzk gfnlbk, `lrì rcspkisloecs l eks guimfkilrfks cimlrhlbks bc el loskeumfýi bc mkisuetls

FF. El prcscitlmfýi bc el Mkisuetl ik suspcibc ce trlismursk bc pelzks if nustfgfml ce fimujpefjfcitk

bc els koefhlmfkics l mlrhk bc eks mkisuetlitcs.
L_RÊMSEK
L_RÊMSE K <<8´ (Cgcmtk Wfimu
Wfimuelitc
elitc).
). El rcspucstl l el mkisuetl tcibrì cgcmtk vfimuelitc plrl el
 Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl quc el loskevfý, þifmljcitc skorc ce mlsk mkimrctk mkisuetlbk, sfcjprc y
mulibk ik sc `uofcrli letcrlbk els mfrmuistlimfls, litcmcbcitcs y bcjìs bltks quc el jktfvlrki.
]f el Lbj
Lbjfif
fifstr
strlmf
lmfýi
ýi Rrf
Rrfout
outlrf
lrfl
l mlj
mljofl
oflrl
rl bc mrf
mrftcr
tcrfk,
fk, ce cgc
cgcmtk
mtk vfi
vfimue
muelit
litc
c mcs
mcslrì
lrì l plrtfr
plrtfr bc el
iktfgfmlmfýi mki el rcskeumfýi quc rcvkquc el rcspucstl l el mkisuetl
Citkimcs el mkis
Citkimcs mkisuetl
uetl cs ui p prkmcbf
rkmcbfjfcit
jfcitk
k cstlo
cstloecmfbk
ecmfbk ci c cee MRO pkr ce mul
mulee eks mki
mkitrfouy
trfouycitcs
citcs
pucbci skefmftlr
skefmftlr lmelrlmfkics
lmelrlmfkics,, cxpefmlmf
cxpefmlmfkics
kics k gkrjls bc fitcrprct
fitcrprctlmfýi
lmfýi bc uil bctcrjfilbl ikrjl
ikrjl l
el lbjfifstrlmf
lbjfifstrlmfýi
ýi Rrfoutlr
Rrfoutlrfl
fl y æstl tfcic el koefhlm
koefhlmfýi
fýi bc rcspkibcr y cstìs bubls y ce mrftc
mrftcrfk
rfk quc
cjftl el lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl ec cs vfimuelitc ec cs koefhltkrfl .
<3. »\SÆ ]KI EL] MKI]SERL] FI]RFRSMFKILEC];

?3
 

L_RÊMSEK <<0´ (Mkisuetls Fistftumfkilecs). Els rcspucstls l mkisu mkisuetls

etls gkrjuel bls pkr   mkechfks
gkrjuelbls
prkgcsfkilecs, mìjlrls kgfmflecs, krhlifzlmfkics pltrkilecs y cjprcslrflecs, sfibfmlecs k bc mlrìmtcr 
hrcjfle, mulibk sc rcgfcrli l lspcmtks trfoutlrfks quc mkimfcrili l el hcicrlefblb bc sus jfcjorks k
lskmfl
lsk mflbks
bks,, ik tfcici
tfcici ifi
ifihþi
hþi cgc
cgcmtk
mtk vfi
vfimue
muelit
litc
c plr
plrll el Lbj
Lbjfif
fifstr
strlmf
lmfýi
ýi Rrf
Rrfout
outlrf
lrfl,
l, mki
mkistf
stftuy
tuycib
cibkk
mrf
mrftcr
tcrfks
fks jcr
jcrljc
ljcitc
itc krf
krfcit
citlbk
lbkrcs
rcs k sfj
sfjpec
pecjci
jcitc
tc fig
figkrj
krjltf
ltfvks
vks sko
skorc
rc el lpefml
lpefmlmfý
mfýii bc ikrjls
ikrjls
trfoutlrfls.
Cstì ik tfcic cgcmtks vfimuelitcs
<7. »MÝJK C]RÌ _CHSE
_CHSELBL
LBL EL ML_H
ML_HL
L BC EL T_
T_SCOL
SCOL CI CE MRO;
L_RÊRÊM
MSEK 87 87´´ (Mlr
(Mlrhhl bc el Truruco l).. Ci eks prk
col) prkmcb
mcbfjf
fjfcit
citks
ks trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfks
ks lbj
lbjfif
fifstr
strltf
ltfvks
vks y
 nurfsbfmmfkilecs qufci prctcibl `lmcr vlecr sus bcrcm`ks bcocrì prkolr eks `cm`ks mkistftutfvks bc
eks
eks jfsj
jfsjksks.. ]c citf
citfci
cibc
bc pkr
pkr kg
kgrcm
rcmfb
fbl
l y prc
prcsc
scit
itlb
lbl
l el pr
pruc
ucol
ol pk
pkrr ce su
sunc
nctk
tk plsf
plsfvk
vk k tc tcrm
rmcr
crk
k
rcspkisloec mulibk cstks scüleci cxprcsljcitc quc sc cimucitrli ci pkbcr bc el Lbjfifstrlmfýi
Rrfoutlrfl.
\ufci lgfrjl lehk bcoc prkolr bc eks `cm`ks.
<8. »MÝJK BCOCI LT_CMFL_]C EL] T_SCOL] CI JLRC_FL R_FOSRL_FL;
R_FOSRL_FL;
L_RÊMSEK 88´ (Jcbfks bc Trucol).
F. Tkbrìi fivkmlrsc tkbks eks jcbfks bc prucol lbjftfbks ci Bcrcm`k.
El prucol tcstfgfmle
tcstfgfmle sýek sc lbjftfrì mki vlefbcz bc fibfmfk,
fibfmfk, ik pubfc
pubfcibk
ibk prkpkicrsc jìs bc bks (?)
tcstfhks skorc mlbl puitk bc el mkitrkvcrsfl. ]f sc prkpusfcrci jìs, l plrtfr bce tcrmcrk sc tcibrìi
pkr ik kgrcmfbks.
FF. ]ki tljofæi jcbfks echlecs bc prucol eks jcbfks figkrjìtfmks y els fjprcsfkics bc el figkrjlmfýi
mkitcifbl ci ceeks, mkigkrjc l el rcheljcitlmfýi quc le cgcmtk sc bfmtc.
FFF. Els lmtls cxtcibfbls pkr el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl ci su guimfýi gfsmlefzlbkrl, bkibc sc
rcmkhci `cm`ks, sftulmfkics y lmtks bce sunctk plsfvk quc `uofcrci sfbk vcrfgfmlbks y mkjprkolbks,
`lmci prucol bc eks `cm`ks rcmkhfbks ci ceels, slevk quc sc lmrcbftc ek mkitrlrfk.
FW. Ci jltcrfl prkmcsle pcile, ce kgrcmfjfcitk, prkbummfýi, y prcscitlmfýi bc jcbfks bc prucol sc
sunctlrì l ek bfspucstk pkr ce Mýbfhk bc Trkmcbfjfcitk Tcile y bcjìs bfspksfmfkics echlecs.
<0»MSÌE C] EL MKIBSMRL \SC BCOC ]CHSF_ CE MKIR_FOSVCIRC CI SI
T_KMCBFJFCIRK GK_JLE R_FOSRL_FK;
Tlrl uil mkrrcmtl trljftlmfýi
trljftlmfýi ce sunctk plsfvk k mkitrfouycitc bcoc rclef
rclefzlr
zlr
El mkjplrcmcimfl litc el lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrf
Rrfoutlrfl
l ci mulitk l su bcmelrlmfýi nurlbl
]korc ce lmtk
lmtk bc iktfgfm
iktfgfmlmfýi
lmfýi bcoc `lmcrek bc oucil gc bc plrtc bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl
?= LHK]RK ?4<6
Bks eêicls guibljæitcecs quc iks bfmc quc iks bl el bkmtrfil ui jkifstl y el ktrl bulefstl ci ce

scitfbk bc quc ci
bks, ci iucstrk lehuiks
ræhfjci krbciljfcitks
cxfstci bks pkrqucnurêbfmks skek
eks feêmftks cxfstc uil
trfoutlrfks skigkrjl bc mkibumtls
lquceels feêmftk trfoutlrfk y ktrls
litfnurêbfmls

?7
 

têpfmls quc pucbci scr mkitrlvcimfkics k bceftks, tljofæi lpefml ce prfimfpfk bc ecy.cs bcmfr tfpfgfmlbk
ci el ikrjl.
=.- »mýjk sc melsfgfml eks feêmftks trfoutlrfks;
]c melsfgfmli ci bceftk k mkitrlvcimfkics vljks l bcmfr gletls jlykrcs k gletls jcikrcs. Citkimcs eks
feêmftks trfoutlrfks sc melsfgfmli ci mkitrlvcimfkics y bceftks trfoutlrfks.
2. »ce mýbfhk pcile tfpfgfml ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk sê, ik pkr quæ;  
Ik tfpfgfml1 `lstl el citrlbl ci vfhcimfl bce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk cxfstêl ci ce lrtêmuek ?7< ce bceftk bc
cvlsfýi bc fjpucstks. Mkjk tljofæi jcimfkil ce lutkr Ociftcs _fvls ce bcstlml quc sc mkjctci
vlrfks crrkrcs l el `krl bc tfpfgfmlreks l el `krl bc mkiguibfr tærjfiks mki grlubc cvlsfýi tktle y ktrks
ik bcnlibk ilbl melrk pkr ek quc rcmfæi mki ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk sc tfpfgfml ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk y sc
pkic ci bfskmfli ci mýbfhk trfoutlrfk quc cxfstc
Br. Citkimcs vljks l vcr quc e mýbfhk trfoutlrfk ik tfpfgfml eks bceftks trfoutlrfks, sfik quc cstks cstìi
rchelbks pkr ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk.
3.- »Muìecs ski els mkitrlvcimfkics trfoutlrfls;
]chþi ce lrt.<74 bce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk iks bfmc quc ski

L_RÊMSEK <74´ (MEL]FGFMLMF ÝI). ]ki mkitrlvcimfkics trfoutlrfls>

(MEL]FGFMLMFÝI).
 <. Kjfsfýi bc fismrfpmfýi ci eks rchfstrks trfoutlrfks1
?. Ik cjfsfýi bc glmturl, iktl gfsmle k bkmujcitk cqufvlecitc1
=. Kjfsfýi bc plhk1
 2. Mkitrlolibk mulibk sc rcgfcrl le þetfjk pìrrlgk bce Lrtêmuek <0<1
3. Fimujpefjfcitk bc ktrks bcocrcs gkrjlecs1
7. Els cstloecmfbls ci ecycs cspcmflecs.
Trfjcrl cstì ci ce lrtêmuek <7=

L_RÊMSEK <7=´ (KJF]FÝI BC FI]M_FTMFKI CI EK] _CHF]R_K] R_FOSRL_FK]).   F. Ce quc

kjftfcrl su fismrfpmfýi ci eks rchfstrks trfoutlrfks mkrrcspkibfcitcs, sc fismrfofcrl k pcrjlicmfcrl ci
ui ræhfjci trfoutlrfk bfstfitk le quc ec mkrrcspkibl y bc muyk rcsuetlbk sc prkbuncrl ocicgfmfks k
bfspcisls fibcofbls ci pcrnufmfk bc el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl, scrì slimfkilbk mki el melusurl bce
cstloecmfjfcitk `lstl quc rchuelrfmc su fismrfpmfýi. ]fi pcrnufmfk bce bcrcm`k bc el Lbjfifstrlmfýi
Rrfoutlrfl l fismrfofr bc kgfmfk, rcmltchkrfzlr, gfsmlefzlr y bctcrjfilr el bcubl trfoutlrfl bcitrk ce
tærjfik bc prcsmrfpmfýi.
FF. El fismrfpmfýi vkeuitlrfl ci eks rchfstrks pcrtficitcs k el mkrrcmmfýi bc el fismrfpmfýi, prcvfl l
mulequfcr lmtulmfýi bc el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl, cxfjc bc el melusurl y juetl, pcrk ci ifihþi mlsk
bce plhk bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl.
Br. Hcicrk prýxfjk ek prfjcprfjcrk
rk quc scrì cs feêm
feêmftks
ftks trfoutlr
trfoutlrfks
fks quc cs uil mkitr
mkitrlvcim
lvcimfýi
fýi trfoutlrf
trfoutlrfll cs
ui feêm
feêmftftk
k trfo
trfout
utlr
lrfk
fk qu
quc
c sc mlrl
mlrlmt
mtcr
crfz
fzl
l pkr
pkr qu quc
c vl sc scrr pr
prkm
kmcs
cslb
lbkk pkr
pkr el lb
lbjf
jfif
ifst
strl
rlmf
mfýi
ýi,, el
elss
mkitrlvcimfkics tfcici slimfkics jìs ecvcs ci vfrtub bce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy scli tfpfgfmlbks

?8
 

y muìecs ski csls mkitrlvcimfkics ik fismrfpmfýi ci ce plbrýi trfoutlrfk kjfsfýi bc fismrfpmfýi ci eks
bceftks trfoutlrfks.
 Lrt. Ik cjfsfýi bc glmturl iktl gfsmle k bkmujcitk cqufvlecitc
L_RÊMSEK <72´ (IK CJF]FÝI BC GLMRS_L, IKRL GF]MLE K BKMSJCIRK C\SFWLECIRC).
F. \ufci ci vfrtub bc ek cstloecmfbk ci bfspksfmfkics ikrjltfvls, cstæ koefhlbk l el cjfsfýi bc
glmturls, iktls gfsmlecs k bkmujcitks cqufvlecitcs y kjftl `lmcrek, scrì slimfkilbk mki el melusurl
bc
bcee cstl
cstloe
oecm
cmfj
fjfc
fcit
itk
k bkib
bkibcc bcsl
bcslrr
rrke
keel
el el lmtf
lmtfvf
vfbl
blb
b hr
hrlv
lvlb
lbl,
l, sfi
sfi pcrn
pcrnuf
ufmf
mfk
k bc el gfgfsm
smle
lefz
fzlm
lmfý
fýi
i y
bctcrjfilmfýi bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl. FF. El slimfýi scrì bc scfs (7) bêls mkitfiuks `lstl ui jìxfjk
bc mulrcitl y km`k (20) bêls ltcibfcibk ce hrlbk bc rcfimfbcimfl bce mkitrlvcitkr. El prfjcrl
mkitrlvcimfýi scrì pcilbl mki ce jêifjk bc el slimfýi y pkr mlbl rcfimfbcimfl scrì lhrlvlbl ci ce
bkoec bc el litcrfkr `lstl el slimfýi jlykr, mki cstc jìxfjk sc slimfkilrì mulequfcr rcfimfbcimfl
pkstcrfkr. FFF. Tlrl cgcmtks bc mýjputk ci eks mlsks bc rcfimfbcimfl, eks cstloecmfjfcitks rchfstrlbks
l ikjor
ikjorcc bc ui jfsj
jfsjk k mkitrfouyc
mkitrfouycitc,
itc, scl pcrskil ilturle k nurêbf
nurêbfml,
ml, scrìi trltlbks mkjk sf gucrl
gucrli
i
uil skel citfblb, bcofæibksc mujpefr el melusurl, skeljcitc ci ce cstloecmfjfcitk bkibc sc mkjctfý
el mkitrlvcimfýi. FW. Burlitc ce pcrêkbk bc melusurl mcslrì tktlejcitc el lmtfvfblb mkjcrmfle bce
cstloecmfjfcitk plsfoec l el jfsjl, slevk el quc gucrl fjprcsmfibfoec plrl el mkiscrvlmfýi y mustkbfl
bc eks ofcics bcpksftlbks ci su fitcrfkr, k plrl el mkitfiufblb bc eks prkmcsks bc prkbummfýi quc ik
pubfcrli
pubfcrli fitcr
fitcrrujpfr
rujpfrsc
sc pkr rlzki
rlzkics
cs fi`cr
fi`crcitcs
citcs l el ilturlecz
ilturleczl
l bc eks fisujks y jltcr
jltcrfls
fls prfjls. W.
Mulibk sc vcrfgfquc el ik cjfsfýi bc glmturl, iktl gfsmle k bkmujcitk cqufvlecitc pkr el vcitl bc
hlskefils, bfæsce kêe y hls ilturle vc`fmuelr ci cstlmfkics bc scrvfmfk lutkrfzlbls pkr el citfblb
mkjpctcitc, el slimfýi mkisfstfrì ci el melusurl bcgfiftfvl bce cstloecmfjfcitk.
Br. Muìe cs ce bkmujcitk cqufvlecitc bc el glmturl el bcmelrlmfýi þifml bc fjpkrtlmfýi bkmujcitk
pkr ce mule fjpkrtljks el jcrmlbcrêl cs ce bkmujcitk cqufvleêl tljofæi hcicrl trfoutk gfsmle sf ik sc
cjftc cstl glmturl
glmturl sc melus
melusurl
url cstl suo rchelj
rcheljcitlbk
citlbk mki lbuil `ly ui rcheljcitk
rcheljcitk k licxk ci els
mulecs bctleel cstls gleels y lbcjìs cs bfgcrcitc mkjk pcrskil ilturle y pcrskils nurêbfmls.
L_RÊMSEK <73´ (KJF]FÝI BC TLHK). Ce quc pkr lmmfýi u kjfsfýi ik plhuc k plhuc bc jciks el
bcubl trfoutlrfl, ik cgcmtþc els rctcimfkics l quc cstì koefhlbk u kotcihl fibcofbljcitc ocicgfmfks y
vlekrcs gfsmlecs, scrì slimfkilbk mki ce mfci pkr mfcitk (<44%) bce jkitk mlemuelbk plrl el bcubl
trfoutlrfl
(MKIR_LOLIBK). Mkjctc mkitrlolibk ce quc fimurrl ci lehuil bc els mkibumtls
L_RÊMSEK <0<´ (MKIR_LOLIBK).
bcsmrftls l mkitfiulmfýi
W. \ufcics fjpkrtci jcrmlimêls mki rcsplebk plrmfle, scrìi prkmcslbks pkr ce bceftk bc mkitrlolibk
pkr ce tktle bc els jfsjls.
?0 LHK]RK ?4<6
3. »Muìecs ski els mkitrlvcimfkics trfoutlrfls; Cxpefquc mlbl uil bc ceels
Ce lrtfmuek <74 Melsfgfmlmfýi bc els mkitrlvcimfkics trfoutlrfls
<. Kjfsfýi bc fismrfpmfýi bc els mkitrlvcimfkics trfoutlrfls

?. Ik cjfsfýi bc glmturls, iktl gfsmle k bkmujcitk cqufvlecitc

=. Kjfsfýi bc plhk

?0
 

2. Mkitrlolibk, mulibk sc rcgfcrc le þetfjk pìrrlgk bce lrtêmuek <0<

3. Fimujpefjfcitk bc ktrks bcocrcs gkrjlecs
7. Els cstloecmfbls ci els ecycs cspcmflecs.
Br. Tkbrêls cxpefmlr ui pkmk jìs, el prfjcrl el kjfsfýi bc rchfstrk.
\ucbljks ci el Kjfsfýi bc plhk.
]þpcr 
Mkjplücrk>   Kjfs
Kjfsfýi
fýi bc plhk sc rcgfcrc mulibk ui mkitr mkitrfouyc
fouycitc
itc bc lehuil
lehuil gkrjl fitcrgfcrc
fitcrgfcrc mki ce
mujpefjfcitk bc el nurfsbfmmfýi trfoutlrfl, ýscl bc el mlplmfblb bce GF]MK bc _cmlublr, mulibk uil
pcrskil k cvlbc ce plhk bc sus trfoutks k eks rcbumc bc lehuil gkrjl. L`krl pcrk cstk bcpcibc bce
jkitk plrl quc sfhl sfcibk mkitrlvcimfýi pkrquc l plrtfr bc cstks jkitks yl sc vucevc ui bceftk, el
þifml bfgcrcimfl
bfgcrcimfl quc tfcici jum`ks bceftk
bceftkss tfpfg
tfpfgfmlbks
fmlbks,, pkr cncjpek ci ce bc rcmlub
rcmlublmfýi
lmfýi trfoutl
trfoutlrfl
rfl k
ci ce bc bcgrlublmfýi lbulicrl, cs quc skeljcitc l plrtfr bc mfcrtk jkitk mlc ci bceftk y bc lehuil
gkrjl mlc ci el kjfsfýi y skeljcitc cs uil mkitrlvcimfýi lbjfifstrltfvl.
Br.> »Tucbcs eccr ce lrtêmuek quc bcsmrfoc el kjfsfýi bc plhk;
Mkjplücrl> Ce lrtfmuek <83 jcimfkil, ce quc pkr lmmfýi u kjfsfýi ik plhuc k plhuc jciks bc el
bcubl trfoutlrfl, ik cgcmtuæ els rctcimfkics l quc cstì koefhlbk u kotcihl fibcofbljcitc ocicgfmfk y
vlekrcs gfsmlecs, scrì juetlbk mki uil slimfýi bce mfci pkr mfcitk (<44) bce jkitk mlemuelbk plrl el
bcubl trfoutlrfl.
Br.> ]þpcr, cstì ofci sfrvc plrl lmelrlriks quc ik `ly uil bfgcrcimfl ci mulitk l el Kjfsfýi bc
plhk, el bfgcrcimfl
bfgcrcimfl mki eks bceft
bceftks
ks ski eks vcroks, ce quc plhuc jciks,
jciks, ce quc ik rctcihl, ce quc sc
ocicgf
oci cgfmfc
mfc mki prf
prfvfe
vfechfk
chfkss quc ik bcobcocrê
crêl
l oci
ocicgf
cgfmfl
mflrsc
rsc,, cit
citkim
kimcs
cs fib
fibcpc
cpcibf
ibfcit
citcjc
cjcitc
itc bce jki
jkitk
tk
jltcrflefzl el mkitrlvcimfýi bc kjfsfýi bc plhk. Ek quc tciêl rlzýi ce Tlvce cs ci bcgrlublmfýi y ci
mkitrlolibk, vl bcpcibcr bc eks jkitks, yl ik bce vcrok, sfik uil bfgcrcimflmfýi cs ce jkitk.
Bfchk> El sfhufcitc mkitrlvcimfýi trfoutlrfl cs ce mkitrlolibk, quc cstì cstloecmfbk ci ce þetfjk
plrìhr
plrìhrlgk
lgk bce lrt
lrtêmu
êmuek
ek <0< bce Mýb
Mýbfhk
fhk Rrf
Rrfout
outlrf
lrfk,
k, quc cst
cstloe
loecmc
cmc ce mki
mkitrl
trloli
olibk
bk pucbc
pucbc scr uil
mkitrlvcimfýi mulibk ce vlekr bc eks konctks kotcifbks bc el jcrmlimêl bc mkitrlolibk scli fhule k
jcikr l ?44 jfe SGW].
Br.> Cstl ofci, Ka, vljks l vcr quc ce mkitrlolibk cs oìsfmljcitc el fitcrilmfýi bc jcrmlbcrêl
cxtrlincrl,
cxtrli ncrl, le tcrrf
tcrrftkrfk
tkrfk ilmfkile bc gkrjl melibcst
melibcstfil.
fil. Fitcr
Fitcrilr
ilr jcrmlbcrêl
jcrmlbcrêl cxtrlincr
cxtrlincrll l tcrrftkrfk
tcrrftkrfk
okefvflik ilmfkile bc gkrjl melibcstfil, sfi bcmelrlr l Lbulil. V vljks l vcr quc ce Mkitrlolibk
pucbc scr mkitrlvcimfkics
mkitrlvcimfkics k pucbc scr bcefmtule bcpcibfc
bcpcibfcibk
ibk lquê ce vlekr bc eks trfoutks kjftf
kjftfbks,
bks,
ik bc el jcrm
jcrmlbc rêl,, bc eks trfou
lbcrêl trfoutks
tks kjftf
kjftfbks
bks,, ec vky l pkicr ui cncjpek, Bfhljks quc Okrfs,
rcsuetl quc cstì ci uil gektl vkevfcibk bc Fqufquc y eechl l ui rcmfitk lbulicrk bc eks M`urmls, ci
 Lm`fml Lrrfol hcicrlejcitc ci Lm`fml Lrrfol `ly ui pucstk bc mkitrke lbulicrk, »\uæ `lmci;  Ce
Okrfs cstì ci el gektl, cstì burjfcibk, citrli ce pcrskile bc mkitrke lbulicrk y `lmci lorfr eks
ouzkics bc el gektl y rcsuetl quc `ly ?4 mlnls y els ?4 mlnls cstìi mki tlrnctls jlbrc plrl
mkjputlbkrls k eecils bc pelyl sltfik 2, »vli l bcmfr bc qufci cs cstk; Ce Okrfs bfmc cs jêk, su BSF,
Bcmelrlmfýi Þifml bc Fjpkrtlmfýi k su glmturl mkjcrmfle, ce Okrfs ik tfcic ilbl, cs mkitrlolibk purk
y burk, »citkimcs quæ sumcbc;, ec `lmci ui lmtl bc bcmkjfsk y ec `lmci ui lmtl bc fitcrvcimfýi
lbfmfkile,
lbfmfkile, ui lmtk bc fitcrv
fitcrvcimfý
cimfýi,
i, quc bfmc> `cjks cimkitr
cimkitrlbk
lbk ci Lm`fml
Lm`fml lrrfol ?4 mlnls eecils bc

?6
 

pelyl sltfik 2 y ek eecvli l el lbulil, ci el lbulil fitcrfkr `ly ui guimfkilrfk, cstì el Nfjcil
cspcrlibk l`ê, vlekrlr el jcrmlbcrêl, `ly cxpcrtks ci cvleulmfýi bc jcrmlbcrêls, citkimcs eks
Srmls ec plsli tkbl el jcrm
jcrmlbcrêl
lbcrêl y ceel vlekrl tkbl el jcrmlbcrê
jcrmlbcrêl,
l, pkicr ci cncjpek,
cncjpek, bfhljks quc
cstl jcrmlbcrêl vlec ? jfeekics bc okefvfliks, y bc l`ê vl slmlr eks trfoutks kjftfbks, citkimcs vl
`lmcr FWL fjpkrtlmfkics y Hrlvljci lrlimcelrfk pkr scr cstc tfpk bc trfoutk. Citkimcs sc cstloecmc
mule cs ce jkitk bc eks trfoutks kjftfbks, y sf ce jkitk bc eks trfoutks kjftfbks cs jlykr l ?44 jfe ek
jlibli litc ce gfsmle, plrl quc ce gfsmle fifmfc els fivcstfhlmfkics y ce prkmcsk pcile mkrrcspkibfcitc,

pkrquc
Sifblb cs bceftk.
echle bc elCilbjfifstrlmfýi
mljofk sf eks Lbuil
trfoutksfitcrfkr
cs jcikr l ?44plrl
El Tlz, jfe quc
ek quc `lmc el Nfjcil
el Lbulil Fitcrfkr cs rcjftfrek l el
ec cstloeczml ce
prkmcbfjfcitk, ec vli l cjftfr ui Lutk bc fifmfk bc figrlmmfkics.
Tcrk lsê sc bfgcrcimfl ce mkitrlolibk mkjk mkitrl vcrsfýi y mkjk bceftk.
Mkjplücrl> Br. Lquê jcimfkil SGW] »Tkr quæ ik sc mlemuel ci okefvfliks;
Br.>  Cs oucil prchuitl, pkrquc el bcubl trfoutl
trfoutlrfl
rfl tfcic uil mksl quc sc eeljl fitcræs mkjp
mkjpucstk,
ucstk,
»\uæ sfhifgfml cs; ]fhifgfml ek nkbfbks quc cstljks, pkrquc mulibk jc prcstk lehk bce olimk prcstk
ui fitcræs sfjpec, plhk ui fitcræs mkjcrmfle, lquê mulibk tcihk bcubls trfoutlrfls tc mlemueli ce
fitcræs sfjpec y skorc csk el SGW cs ui vlekr, quc vl mkistlitcjcitc lmtulefzìibksc bc lmucrbk le
bægfmft, sfcjprc vl suofcibk, ce vlekr bc el SGW el cstloecmc ce Olimk Mcitrle bc Okefvfl, citkimcs
iksktrks tcicjks quc olnlr csc bltk bc el pìhfil mcitrle bce Olimk Mcitrle bc Okefvfl y ek quc cstì
`lmfcibk
`lmfc ibk quc el bcubl trfoutlrf
trfoutlrfl
l tfcic ce bkoec fitcræ
fitcræs.s. CE FIRC_
FIRC_C]C] BC EL SGW cs bcmfr quc sc vl
lmtulefzlibk bc lmucrbk l el Figelmfýi, y ce ktrk SGW quc cs cstloecmfbk l el bcubl trfoutlrfl.
Citkimcs quc `l `cm`k ce Cstlbk »l`ê; Ce Cstlbk bfnk ik vljks l pcrbcr, Ce Cstlbk ik pfcrbc plrl
ilbl, Citkimcs vl lmtulefzìibksc csc jkitk y vky l mkorlr fitcrcscs, plrl lmtulefzlr csc jkitk els
SGW] vl fr lmtulefzlibk csc jkitk mkigkrjc le okefvflik pcrk mkigkrjc le bægfmft quc tcihl ce
jcrmlbk okefvflik, citkimcs l`ê »\uæ tcicjks; El bcubl trfoutlrfl mki ui fitcræs mkjpucstk, pkr 
csk els bcubl
bcublss trfout
trfoutlrf
lrfls
ls ek tfcici
tfcici lük
lüks,
s, ski filem
filemliz
lizloe
loecs,
cs, ski fjp
fjplhl
lhloec
oecs,
s, pkr csk `ly ce
pcrbkilbk, citkimcs bfmci cstljks nkbfbks mkjk pkbcjks plhlr ec fjpuhiljks le Okrfs csl
jcrmlbcrêl quc `l sfbk fimlutlbl k bc ktrk tfpk bc fjpucstk, vky l ui lokhlbk y tcihk quc plhlr 
iks =44 jfe okefvfliks, csk ik cstì le lemlimc, ik cs lhlrrlr tkjl =44 jfe okefvfliks, ik, csls ski
bcubls prìmtfmljcitc fjplhloecs, pkr csk `loêl ce pcrbkilsc.

Nfjcil> @ly fjpucstk bc mlrrftks;

Br.> Ci M`fec tljok qucjlbk ik mkikzmk, ci Bcslhulbcrk sf `ly, `ly ci Vlmufol, `ly ci Tucrtk
]ulrcz
Nfjcil> »Tcrk quæ plsl;
Br.>  Csk sc eeljl mkitrlolibk @krjfhl, pkrquc y cstk sc lprkvcm`l ui ræhfjci quc sc eeljl
ræhfjci bc grkitcrl, eechl ui jkjcitk l el grkitcrl, el grkitcrl citrc Okefvfl y Lrhcitfil. Citkimcs,
vl `locr l`ê uiks rchêjcics. Lquê ci cstc scmtkr `ly ui _æhfjci quc sc eeljl _æhfjci bc
Grkitcrl, ci el mule pucbc `locr el fitcrilmfýi bc prkbumtks, eks prkbumtks bcoci scr iks, eks
mkjcstfoecs, eks cecmtrkbkjæstfmks, lehk. Citkimcs olnk cstc ræhfjci ik plhls trfoutks mulibk ski
prkbumtks plrl el suosfstcimfl, pkrquc ski trfoutks grkitcrfzks, pcrk csk sc lhlrrl y tkbks eks bêls
trlselbli y ec bfmcs cstk cs plrl jê mkisujk, pcrk ik, ls leeì jc cstì cspcrlibk ui mljfýi plrl
quc fitcric el plpl, ek quc mkjcjks, lhlrrls y eks olhlycrks vli `lstl ce mljfýi cvlbc ce mkitrke
lbulicrk, »pkbrêl mkitrkelr csk el lbulil; ]f pcrk quc citrci lquê l Vlmufol l eks Jlhueelrks sc

=4
 

eks mkjci, eks trfmfmeks vli l fr, cs ui lousk bc ui ræhfjci quc cstì ci pucoeks grkitcrfzks, ek jfsjk
plsl lquê ci Tucrtk ]ulrcz y ci Tlibk cs zkil Grliml.
Mlrel?> »Tkbrêl cxpefmlriks quc cs zkil grliml;
Br.> ^kil Grliml cs ui csplmfk hckhrìgfmk, bcitrk bce tcrrftkrfk bc ui plês, ci ce mule ik sc plhl
fjpucstks l el fjpkrtlmfýi, cs bcmfr, cstl efocrlbk le plhk bc eks fjpucstks l fjpkrtlmfýi, cstìi
suspcibfbks bce plhk bc eks trfoutks, vljks l vcr quc tkbk Tlibk cs ^kil Grliml, vljks l vcr quc
`ly uil suspcisfvk
ræhfjci zkil grlimlbcmkjcrmfle, quc fihrcsli
trfoutks lbulicrks, el jcrmlbcrêl
bfmcs> y ik
ui rltftk cstky plhli eks
jctfcibk plrltrfoutks pkrquc
jkbfgfmlr cs ui
eks mljofk
bc vkelitc, litfhuljcitc citrloli lutks m`utks, tcihk quc mljoflr ce vkelitc y rcmfæi vky l
mkjcrmflef
mkjcr mflefzlr,
zlr, citkimcs ci el zkil grlim
grliml
l mljof
mljoflols
lols ce vkeli
vkelitctc y rcmfæi pkbêls mkjcrmf
mkjcrmflefzl
lefzlrr y l`ê
pl
plhl
hlol
olss eks
eks trfo
trfout
utks
ks,, `ly
`ly kt
ktrls
rls zkil
zkilss gr
grli
liml
mlss qu
qucc sk
skii el
elss mk
mkjc
jcrm
rmfl
flec
ecss qu
qucc cs uil
uil zkzkil
il bc
prkbummfýi cmkiýjfml y quc sc cstloecmci ci lehuiks euhlrcs. Cs uil pkeêtfml pkr el mule qucbli ci
suspcisk eks trfoutks, ci Tlibk `ly pkrquc qucrêli gkjcitlr ce bcslrrkeek.
Tlvce> Mki rcspcmtk l el SGW ik scrêl uil gkrjl pcilbl bc Liltkmfsjk;
Br.> Mkjpectljcitc, ik cs pcilbl cs bce Cstlbk pcilbl cs rcgcrcitc, pcrk mkjk cs bce Cstlbk y
mkjk ek cstloecmc ce MRO jcbflitc ecy slimfkiltkrfl cs pcrjftfbk.
Tloec> Lroftrlejcitc cs usurl
Br.> ]f, Cs fitcræs mkjpucstk, bks fitcrcscs, uik pkr ce elbk bc els SGW] y ktrk pkr ce elbk bc eks
fit
fitcrc
crcscs
scs prk
prkpfl
pfljci
jcitc
tc bfm
bfm`ks
`ks,, lit
litc
c uil gfsmle
gfsmlefzl
fzlmfý
mfýi,
i, uil hrl
hrli
i mlitfb
mlitfblb
lb bc prkg
prkgcsf
csfkil
kilecs
ecs,, ekl
lrquftcmtks el sfhuci sugrfcibk.
Nuefk> El vlekrlmfýi bc el Lemlebêl sc `lmc mki rcspcmtk le plês quc cstl fjpuhilibk, ýscl l el
 Lemlebêl k le plês bc krfhci; El schuibl prchuitl
Br.> rìpfbk le plês bc lmucrbk le quc sc cstì `lmfcibk el vlekrlmfýi, Okefvfl, el vlekrlmfýi sc utfefzl ui
fimktcrmfk, ski tærjfiks bc mkjcrmfk, mulibk Nuefk vl l el M`fil Nuefk ik vl mki su mkitrltk, vl y
tfcici quc slocr eks fimftlr, Nuefk vl y bfmc qufcrc 344 jktks MFG Okefvfl, y csc tærjfik MFG yl
cstloecmc tkbls els melusuels citrc ce mkjprlbkr y vcibcbkr yl ik icmcsftls cstloecmcr ce mkitrltk,
cs ce tcrjfik bc vlekrlmfýi Lbulicrl, = jfe jktks, jc `li mkstlbk els = jfe jktks iks, =44 jfe
býelrcs,
csk cs ekcitkimcs l csk vl
quc el hcitc ec sujls
scr qucplrl
sc MFG Mkstks
prcscitc bcevlekrlmfýi,
uil prkbumtk, mkstk
cstk bce schurk
vl scr qucpucstk ci Okefvfl,
sc prcscitc uil
vlekrlmfýi, vl scr cstl jcrmlbcrêl rcprcscitl tlitk, vlec, lbcjìs `ly ui mkstk bce schurk y `ly ui
mkstk quc gectc, csk l plrtfr bc l`ê slmls eks trfoutks lbjftfbks
Nuefk> Mki rcelmfýi l ek fimlutlbk.
Br.> Bcmkjfslbk rcjltlbl,
Nuefk> Mkjk cs ce prkmcbfjfcitk plrl quc `lyl ce rcjltc, »Muìitk tfcjpk tfcic csc mkitrlolibfstl
plrl rcmupcrlr su jcrmlbcrêl;
Br.> @ly bks, `ly quc bfgcrcimflr l`ê ce tfcjpk bc jcrmlimêl, `ly jcrmlimêls quc ski,
<. jc
jcrm
rmli
limê
mêls
ls pcrc
pcrcmc
mcbc
bcrl
rls,
s,
?. Jcr
Jcrmlb
mlbcrê
crêls
ls ik pcr
pcrcmc
cmcbcr
bcrls.
ls.

=<
 

El jcmìifml pcrcmcbcrl, jlizlils, ec bcmkjfsli jlizlils, csls jlizlils ik pucbc cspcrlr quc
ce prkmcsk lbjfifstrltfvk k ce prkmcsk pcile tcrjfic, citkimcs el lbjfifstrlmfýi lbulicrl cjftl uil
rcskeumfýi lbjfifstrltfvl lutkrfzlibk ce rcjltc y l`ê mkekmli ci rcjltc, hcicrlejcitc `ly uil
mkstujorc bcitrk bc eks mkitrlolibfstls quc tfcici quc rcmupcrlr el jcrmlimêl quc sc `l fimlutlbk
pkrquc sf ik cs jlel sucrtc, vli l eks rcjltc, y vli mki mum`feek y ec bfmci `ls uil kgcrtl.
Jcrmlbcrêls ik pcrbcbcrls, vli l cspcrlr `lstl quc `lyl scitcimfl k `lstl quc `lyl rcskeumfýi
slimfkiltkrfl lbjfifstrltfvl, bcpcibfcibk sf cs mkitrl vcrsfýi k pctftkrfk.
Mkjplücrl>  Tkr cncjpe
cncjpekk ci eks lcrkpu
lcrkpucrt
crtks
ks fitcri
fitcrilmf
lmfkil
kilecs
ecs bc Tli
Tliljì
ljì `ly tfcibl
tfciblss quc sc
cimucitrli jcrmlbcrêls quc cs jìs olrltl quc ci els tfcibls »l quæ sc bcoc csk;
Br.>  Tkrquc cs ui ræhfjci cspcmfle, cxfstci bfgcrcitcs rchêjcics lbulicrks, cs bcmfr bfstfitls
gkrjls bc trltljfcitk bc el jcrmlbcrêl y suspcisfýi, `ly rchêjcics suspcisfvks y `ly rchêjcics
quc prkjucvci ce mkjcrmfk y el glmfeftlmfýi bce mkjcrmfk, cstc ræhfjci bc eks lcrkpucrtks sc eeljli
rchêjcics Mutfcrc, y cstls sc eeljli tfcibls Mutfcrc, »\uæ sfhifgfmli;, sfhifgfml quc cstìi ci ce
lcrkpucrtk pcrk cstl tfcibl pkr uil prkjkmfýi cmkiýjfml ik cstì plhlibk prkbumtks, tfcics ce
jfsjk prkbumtk pcrk sfi trfoutks. Tlrl mkjprlr l`ê icmcsftls bc ui okectk y ui plslpkrtc.
MKIR_LOLIBK MKIR_LWCIMFKILE.
Okrfs> Lrtfmuek <7?, Ce quc bc mulequfcr jlicrl fimujpel eks bcocrcs gkrjlecs cstloecmfbks ci ce
Mýbfhk
Mýb fhk Rrf
Rrfout
outlrf
lrfk
k Oke
Okefvf
fvflik
lik ci els bfs
bfspks
pksfmf
fmfkic
kicss ech
echlec
lecss trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfls
ls y ci ktr
ktrls
ls bfs
bfspks
pksfmf
fmfkic
kicss
rcheljcitlrfls, scrì slimfkilbk mki uil juetl quc frl `lstl 3 jfe SGW].
Br.> Lehuil kpfifýi skorc »cstk;
 Vlict`>  Iks bfmc quc slimfkil ce fimujpefjfcitk skorc mfcrtks lmtks gkrjlecs, sf ofci slimfkil
bcsbc 34 SGW] `lstl 3 jfe SGW], schþi Nlfjc _kbrfhk bfmc quc cstì jle cstk »Tkr quæ; Tkrquc ik
pucbcs melsfgfmlr mkjk uil mkibumtl hrlvc yl quc cstk sc olsl ci ce lrtêmuek 7 quc bfspkic quc skek
el ecy pucbc tfpfgfmlr feêmftks trfoutlrfks, y sf tfcic quc tfpfgfmlr feêmftks trfoutlrfks cstl ik sc cimucitrl ci
ce lrtêmuek <7?.
Br.> Cs uil bfsmusfýi quc tfcici ce bcrcm`k trfoutlrfk cstl bfspksfmfýi, eks quc `li vfstk bcrcm`k
pcile lquê pucbc cxfstfr uil mksl quc sc eeljl ikrjls pcilecs ci oelimk, cs bcmfr, hrlvl k
cstloecmc ui bceftk bc uil jlicrl tli hcicrle quc ik sc sloc muìibk sc vl mkimrctfzlr k
jltcrflefzlr csc bceftk, ui prkoecjl bc cstc lrtêmuek, KR_K prkoecjl cs quc ce lrtfmuek <<7 puitk ?
bc el mkistftumfýi bfmc quc tkbl slimfýi bcoc guiblrsc ci ecy prcvfl, cs bcmfr quc tkbl slimfýi sc
cstloecmc ci rcscrvl bc ecy plrl slimfýi prcvfl, cstk plrl pcile, mkjk plrl jltcrfl lbjfifstrltfvl,
citkimcs plrcmcrêl quc iucstrl mkistftumfýi cstlrêl bfmfcibk quc els slimfkics bcoci gfnlrsc ci ecy
l`ê vfcic el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl y bfmc melrk els slimfkics bcoci gfnlrsc ci ecy 3 jfe SGW] cstì
ofci pcrk el slimfýi ik cs lutýikjl, el slimfýi cstì efhlbl l ui tfpk lbjfifstrltfvk, ce tfpk
lbjfif
lbj fifstr
strltf
ltfvk
vk ik cst
cstìì bcs
bcsmrf
mrftk,
tk, cs uil ikr
ikrjl
jl lbj
lbjfif
fifstr
strltf
ltfvl
vl slimfk
slimfkilt
iltkrf
krfl
l ci oel
oelimk
imk,, ce quc
mkitrlvcihl mulequfcr koefhlmfýi ikrjltfvl pkbrì scr slimfkilbk, pcrk ik tcicjks mcrtczl, pcrk
lquê bfsmutfjks ci Okefvfl sf ce Trfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy ci jltcrfl slimfkiltkrfl lbjfifstrltfvl
trfo
trfout
utlrf
lrfl
l cs losk
loskeu
eutk
tk k rcel
rceltftfvk
vk y lquê
lquê sc bfvf
bfvfbc
bc el bkmt
bkmtrfrfil
il ek
ekss lutk
lutkrcs
rcs,, ek
ekss pr
prkg
kgcs
cskr
krcs
cs,, el
lbjfifstrlmfýi, el nustfmfl quc cs loskeutl, pkr ek tlitk scrêl fimkistftumfkile cstc lrtfmuek y su
rcheljcitlmfýi.
slimfkics,
slimf Citkimcs, cs
kics, »els slimfkics uiltfpks
y eks lpefmlmfýi
bcocibcecstlr
prfimfpfk bc _cscrvl
cstloecmfbks bc Ecy plrl jltcrflefzlr
icmcslrfljcitc ci ecy; ]Fels
K

=?
 

IK, cs
cstl
tl pu
pucb
cbcc sc
scrr pr
prch
chu
uit
itll BC CP
CPL
LJCI
CI,, pcr
crk
k mu
muìe
ìe cs el rc
rcsp
spuc
ucst
stll mkr
mkrrc
rcmt
mtll el
BCIKJFILMFKI.
Tkr ce jkjcitk sc prcsujc el prcsuimfýi bc mkistftumfkilefblb, sc cstloecmc quc cs mkistftumfkile y
els rcskeumfkics bc bfrcmtkrfk quc tfpfgfmli mkitrlvcimfkics y cstloecmci sus slimfkics sc prcsujc
mkistftumfkile, pcrk ce bcoltc sc rcþic y pkr cncjpek, eks quc pcisljks quc cs mkistftumfkile,
cstljks cspcrlibk quc lehþi mefcitc plrl cgcmtulr lehuil lmmfýi bc fimkistftumfkilefblb mkimrctl.

Cstks
Cstks fim
fimujp
ltrlvcsý ujpefj
bc el efjfci
fcitks
_IB, tks bc bco
el _IB bcocrc
crcsscncjpek
== pkr gkr
gkrjle
jlecs
cs cst
cstìi
ìifjpucstks
bce ?4<8 bcs
bcslrr
lrrkee
keelbk
lbks
s ci el cstloecmc
ilmfkilecs lbj
lbjfif
fifstr
strlmf
lmfýi
ýiuitrf
tkbk trfout
outlrf
lrfl
m`krfzkl
bc mujpefjfcitks gkrjlecs, cncjpek ik iktfgfmk ce mljofk bc bkjfmfefk, 344 SGW], cstìi mrclibk
iucvls mkitrl vcrsfkics ci olsc le lrtêmuek quc lmloljks bc eccr.
Bfchk> Vk qucrêl `loelr bc ktrls mkitrl vcrsfkics trfoutlrfls quc ik cstìi cstloecmfbls ci gkrjl
cxprcsl ci ce <74 MR, sf ek `lmc ci ce <73 ofs quc ski els mkitrl vcrsfkics lbulicrls, quc
oìsfmljcitc.
Br.> Bfmci ci ce mýbfhk Rrfoutlrfk ktrls mkitrl vcrsfkics cstloecmfbls pkr ecy csls ski els lbulicrls
Bfchk> Ci quc oìsfmljcitc bfmc ci quc ci ce bcslrrkeek k hcstfýi lbulicrl, quc fimurrli ci lmtks u
kjfsfkics quc figrfinli k ecvlitci ci el prcscitc ecy y oìsfmljcitc cstls mkitrl vcrsfkics scrêli
crrkrcs
crrkrcs ci els trl
trlism
ismrfp
rfpmfk
mfkics
ics lbu
lbulic
licrls
rls ci el mftl
mftl bc bfspks
bfspksfmf
fmfkic
kicss ech
echlec
lecss ik pcrtfi
pcrtficit
citcs,
cs, ce
vcimfjfcitk bc pelzks blbks ci el lbulil, citrc ktrls. V ci ce <73 tcr cstloecmc quc cstls tfcici
uil slimfýi bc juetl quc vli citrc els 34 y 3 jfe SGW] y el suspcisfýi tcjpkrle bc eks luxfeflrcs bc
el guimfýi
guimfýi pþoefml lbulic
lbulicrl
rl y eks kpcrlbkrc
kpcrlbkrcss bc mkjcrmfk cxt
cxtcrfkr
crfkr lbul
lbulicrl
icrl pkr ui tfcjpk bc <4 l
64 bêls.
Rljofæi el Lbulil Ilmfkile tfcic ui liuimfk bc mkitrlvcimfkics bc mujpefjfcitk bc bcocrcs
gkrjlecs ýscl, els mkitrl vcrsfkics ik mkimeuyci l`ê `ly quc eccr els Icrbs, =4 `knls, ui efstlbk
cikrjc bc mkitrl vcrsfkics.
Ek fjpkrtlitc bc cstk cs quc cs mkistftumfkile k cs fimkistftumfkile, l`ê bcocjks rcgecxfkilr skorc el
rcscrvl bc ecy lrtêmuek <<7 puitk ? y knk y lbcjìs mkjk `cjks lprcibfbk el scitcimfl bc el mkrtc
fitcrljcrfmlil bc bcrcm`ks `ujliks, l`ê plrl bcslrrkeelr ce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy `ly ui mlsk
quc sc eeljl _fmlrbk Olcil W] Tliljì prfimfpfk bc _cscrvl bc ecy, quc bfmc; Si lspcmtk quc
scülel quc eks jfsjks prfimfpfks slimfkiltkrfks bce bcrcm`k pcile mki ce bcrcm`k lbjfifstrltfvk sc
bcoci lpefml, citkimcs ce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy ci jltcrfl slimfkiltkrfl lbjfifstrltfvl cs
loskeutl, y skek þifmljcitc el ecy bcoc gfnlr eks tfpks k els mkitrlvcimfkics lbjfifstrltfvls. Cs bcmfr,
iks cstì eechlibk ui jcislnc bcsbc l`ê lrrfol bcsbc ce oekquc bc mkistftumfkilefblb ik;, y ci lehþi
jkjcitk
jkjci tk pkbcjk
pkbcjkss utfef
utfefzlr
zlr cstl scitcimf
scitcimfl
l plrl skefmftlr el bcmel
bcmelrltkrf
rltkrfl
l bc fimki
fimkistftu
stftumfkil
mfkilefblb,
efblb, pcrk
csk ci ce jkjcitk quc sc vl blr ce trfouile mkistftumfkile vl tcjoelr pkrquc cs jum`k bficrk plrl c
Cstlbk.
]kifl> Mulecs ski els cstloecmfbls pkr els I_B].
Br.>  Wfcici bcsbc lrrfol csls _IB] y mulib
mulibkk tfcic bcocrcs gkrjl
gkrjlecs,
ecs, ek quc bcslrr
bcslrrkeel
keel els I_B]
ski fimujpefjfcitks bc bcocrcs gkrjlecs, »\uæ sc vl citcibcr pkr fimujpefjfcitk bc bcocrcs
gkrjlecs;, M`krfzk, l`ê cstì ek quc ecs bfhk ik iktfgfmls ce mljofk bc bkjfmfefk, pcrk plrl el
lbjfifstrlmfýi gkrjle, ik ek `fmfstc 344 SGW], ik bfnfstc el figkrjlmfýi icmcslrfl pkr ce pkrtle
Icwtki, l 344 SGW], cstì tfpfgfmlbk y cstloecmfbk mule cs el slimfýi bcitrk bce eêjftc 34 y 3 jfe

==
 

]kifl> Ktrk cncjpek scrfl Els ecycs juifmfplecs, pkr cncjpek el ecy juifmfple el ecy 4?
Br.> ]frvc pkbrêl cstloecmcr mkitrlvcimfkics tljofæi ci ce ìjoftk bc su lutkikjêl, ik cxfstc pcrk sc
cstì mkistruycibk.
Bfchk> Cstls _IB] `ly ikrjltfvls bc bfrcmtkrfk quc cstloecmci muìecs ski csls mkitrlvcimfkics ik
sc cstìi vueicrlibk ce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy;
Br.> ]f, l`ê bcpcibc bc el pksturl, `ly lutkrcs, prkgcskrcs, quc bfmci quc sê y ktrks bfmci quc ik,
bcpcibfcibk, sf ce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy plrl jltcrfl slimfkiltkrfl ci Okefvfl cs lpefmloec
loskeutk k cs rceltfvk, lehuiks bfmci quc cs loskeutk cs fhuleftk ci ce pcile, quc cstìi ci el ecy, ktrks
bfmc
bfmci
i ik cs rcelrceltftfvk
vk,, pkrq
pkrquc
uc ik pkbc
pkbcjk
jkss lp
lpefefml
mlrr ek
ekss jf
jfsj
sjks
ks pr
prkm
kmcb
cbfj
fjfc
fcit
itks
ks pcpcil
ilee plrl
plrl ce
lbjfifstrltfvk tfcic quc scr jltfzlbk, tfcic quc scr jkbuelbk, jls pkr prfimfpfk bc kpkrtuifblb y l`ê
uil cxpefmlmfýi vljks lsujfr uil pksfmfýi y JC TL_CMC FIRC_C]LIRC MKJK T_CHSIRL BC
CPLJ
CP LJCICI »J »Jli
lifgfgfc
fcstc
stcii us
ustc
tcbc
bcss su
suss mrft
mrftcr
crfk
fkss mki mki rcsp
rcspcm
cmtk
tk l el mkis
mkistf
tftu
tumf
mfki
kilelefb
fblb
lb k
fimkistftumfkilefblb
fimkistftumfkilefb lb quc sc cstloecmci ci mkitrl vcrsfkics gkrjlecs;
7. »Muìecs ski eks bceftks trfoutlrfks;
El melsfgfmlmfýi bc eks bceftks trfoutlrfks
<. Bc
Bcgr
grlu
lubl
blmf
mfýi
ýi Rrf
Rrfou
outl
tlrf
rfl
l
?. Bc
Bcgr
grlu
lubl
blmf
mfýi
ýi Lb
Lbul
ulic
icrl
rl
=. Fis
Fistfh
tfhlmf
lmfýi
ýi puo
puoefm
efml
l k ik pl
plhlr
hlr ttrfo
rfoutk
utkss
2. Wfkelm
Wfkelmfýi
fýi bc prcmf
prcmfitks
itks y kt
ktrks
rks mkitrke
mkitrkecs
cs tr
trfoutlr
foutlrfks
fks
3. Mk
Mkit
itrl
rlol
olib
ibk
k
7. Ktrks bceft
bceftks
ks lbu
lbulicrks
licrks tfpfg
tfpfgfmlbk
fmlbkss ci ecycs cspcm
cspcmflecs
flecs
Bcgrlublmfýi Rrfoutlrfl.-  Ce quc bke bkeksl
ksljci
jcitc,
tc, ci pcr
pcrnuf
nufmfk
mfk bce bcr
bcrcm`
cm`k
k bc el Lbj
Lbjfif
fifstr
strlmf
lmfýi
ýi
Rrfoutlrfl l pcrmfofr trfoutks, pkr lmmfýi u kjfsfýi bfsjfiuyl k ik plhuc el bcubl trfoutlrfl, ik
cgcmtuæ
cgcmtuæ els rctcimfk
rctcimfkics
ics l quc cstì koefhl
koefhlbk
bk u kotci
kotcihl
hl fibco
fibcofbljci
fbljcitc
tc ocicgf
ocicgfmfks
mfks y vlekr
vlekrcs
cs gfsmlecs,
gfsmlecs,
muyl
muyl muli
mulitê
têl
l scl
scl jl
jlykykrr k fhul
fhulee l SGW]
SGW] <4.4
<4.444
44 Si
Sifb
fblb
lbcscs bc Gkjc
Gkjcit
itk
k bc el vfvf
vfvfci
cibl
bl,, sc
scrì
rì
slimfkilbk mki el pcil prfvltfvl bc efocrtlb bc = l 7 lüks y juetl cqufvlecitc le mfic <44% pkr 
mfcitk bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl cstloecmfbl ci ce prkmcbfjfcitk bc el bctcrjfilmfýi k bc pcrnubfmfleftl.
Br.> »Muìe scrêl el bfgcrcimfl citrc el bcgrlublmfýi mki el kjfsfýi bc plhk;
<. Bk
Bkeeks
kslj
ljci
citc
tc..
?. Ek `lmc mmki
ki fitc
fitcimfýi
imfýi bc cihlül
cihlülrr le Cstl
Cstlbk,
bk, bc pl
plhlr
hlr jcik
jcikss trfoutks.
trfoutks.
=. ]l
]lim
imfý
fýi
i bc = l 7 lüks
lüks..
Citkimcs lquê `ly uil mulitêl, el bfsjfiumfýi y `ly ui fitcimfýi, lquê el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl
bcoc prkolr ci ui prkmcsk pcile quc `l `lofbk fitcimfýi, quc ik cs muepksl, el bubksl mki
fitcimfýi bc bcgrlublr. Ce mkork trfoutlrfk `l bfsjfiufbk k sc `l jlitcifbk ce jkitk ci <4 jfe SGW];

]c jlitfcic.

=2
 

Bcgrlublmfýi Lbulicrl.-  Ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk cstloecmc> Ce quc mkjctc bceftk bc bcgrlublmfýi

lbulicrl, ce quc bkeksljcitc pcrnubfquc ce bcrcm`k bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl l pcrmfofr trfoutks
l trlvæs bc mkibumtls quc sc bctleeli, sfcjprc y mulibk el mulitêl scl jlykr k fhule l 34.444 SGW]
bce vlekr bc eks trfoutks kjftfbks pkr mlbl kpcrlmfýi bc bcsplm`k lbulicrk. Ce quc rclefmc uil
bc
bcme
melr
lrlm
lmfý
fýi
i gles
glesl
l ci els
els bc
bcme
melr
lrlm
lmfk
fkics
ics bc jcjcrm
rmli
limê
mêl
l y ce vl
vlek
ekrr kjft
kjftfb
fbk
k sc
scl
l qu
qucc rc
rcle
lefm
fmc
c uil
uil
bcmelrlmfýi lbulicrl bcmelrlibk l el citfblb bfgcrcitc le bcsplm`k lbulicrk. Fitrkbuzml ci crrkr l
el lbjfifstrlmfýi lbulicrl bcofcrl bcmfr bce mule ce plhk fimkrrcmtk bc eks trfoutks bc fjpkrtlmfýi y ce

quc utfefmc fibcofbljcitc eks prkmcbfjfcitk lbjfifstrltfvks l prfkrfblb k mkimcsfýi bc cxtfimfkics.

Br.> Cs ui tfpk mkjpecnk, quc tfcic jum`ls lmmfkics y quc ik rcqufcrc uil pkr el lbjfifstrlmfýi
lbulicrl. Cs bcgrlublmfýi lbulicrl ci vlekr bc eks trfoutks ci vlekr l 34 jfe SGW], pkr cncjpek
mulibk jctêli mcbl bcmêli quc tciêli ?44 jctrks bc mcbl pcrk mulibk sc eks rcvfsl tciêli 344
jctrks bc mcbl. ]f ce vlekr bc eks trfoutks cs jlykr l 34 jfe cs bcgrlublmfýi lbulicrl.
TCIL 3 L <4 LÜK]
Fistfhlmfýi Tþoefml l ik plhlr trfoutks Ce quc fistfhuc pþoefmljcitc l ik plhlr trfoutks mki lmmfkics
bc `cm`k k ljcilzls l ik plhlr ce trfoutk scrì slimfkilbk mki el pcil bc prfvlmfýi bc efocrtlb bc =
l 7 lüks y juetl bc <4 jfe SGW].
Br.> ]f lehufci vfcic y ik sc ik plhl trfoutks ik cstì mujpefcibk.
Hufk> Rcihk uil bubl »mki rcspcmtk l cstc lrtêmuek quc hcicrl cstc lrtfmuek;
B_> ]kek fispfrlr l quc el hcitc ik plhuc trfoutks l el Citfblb pþoefml ilbl jìs.
Eks bceftks ski muepksks l jciks quc el ecy cstloeczml quc sc rcqufcrl bkek, pucbcs scr prkmcslbk.
Wfkelmfýi bc prcmfitks y ktrks mkitrkecs trfoutlrfks.
Ikcjê> Lrt
Ikcjê> Lrtêmu
êmuek
ek <04
<04´´ (Wf
(Wfkel
kelmfý
mfýi
i bc TrcTrcmfi
mfitks
tks y Ktr
Ktrks
ks Mki
Mkitrk
trkecs
ecs Rrfou
Rrfoutlr fks)) . Ce quc plrl
tlrfks
mkitfiulr su lmtfvfblb k cvftlr mkitrkecs skorc el jfsjl, vfkelrl, rkjpfcrl k bcstruycrl prcmfitks y
bcjìs jcbfks bc mkitrke k fistrujcitks bc jcbfmfýi k bc schurfblb cstloecmfbks jcbflitc ikrjl
prcvfl pkr el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl rcspcmtfvl, utfefzlbks plrl ce mujpefjfcitk bc melusurls k plrl
el mkrrcmtl efqufblmfýi, vcrfgfmlmfýi, gfsmlefzlmfýi, bctcrjfilmfýi k mkork bce trfoutk, scrì slimfkilbk
mki pcil prfvltfvl bc efocrtlb bc trcs (=) l mfimk (3) lüks y juetl bc 7.444 Svls (scfs jfe Sifblbcs
bc Gkjcitk bc el Wfvfcibl). Ci ce mlsk bc blük k bcstrummfýi bc fistrujcitks bc jcbfmfýi, ce sunctk
plsfvk bcocrì lbcjìs rcpkicr eks jfsjks k plhlr ce jkitk cqufvlecitc, mkstks bc fistlelmfýi y
guimfkiljfcitk.
Br.> Juy ofci, cncjpeks bc prcmfitks k fistrujcitks bc jcbfmfýi.
Melusurl.
Bfchk> Br.> ec qufcrk prchuitlr lehk eks `li melusurlbk l els sletcüls bc lquê le grcitc, eks `li
melusurlbk y `li lofcrtk el vcitlil y `li vcibfbk sletcüls.
Br.> Eks bce hkofcrik juifmfple k eks bce »]f;
Bfchk> Fjpucstks
Br.> ]f cxfstc bceftk y cs lbcjìs uil mkitrl vcrsfýi y citkimcs vljks l vcr quc sf pucbci scr 
prkmcslbks pkr vfkelr prcmfitks bc schurfblb y pkbrêli scr skjctfbks l uil melusurl bcgfiftfvl. Ktrk

=3
 

cncjpek cs eks quc sc mkekmli ci eks Mkitcficr, eks mkitcicbkrcs quc trlci jcrmlbcrêl ecs mkekmli
prcmfitks bc schurfblb y »plrl quæ; Tlrl quc eechuc bcsbc el lbulil bc bcstfik `lstl Okefvfl, el
lbulil bc bcstfik sfi quc sc jucvl el jcrmlbcrêl, sfi quc sc bfsjfiuyl k sc lujcitc el
jcrmlbcrêl, y cstc cs ui bceftk quc hcicrlejcitc plsl lhlrrli y ci jcbfk mljfik citrc Rljok
qucjlbk y Wflm`l lorci sc citrli eks mljfkics, citrli l ui hlrlnc y vlmêli el jftlb bc el
jcrmlimêl y el ktrl jftlb cs bc mkitrlolibk
Tlrl ce F@B tljofæi c jfbc ci uifblbcs cspcmflecs plrl jcbfr mulitks `fbrkmlrourks cstì ce hlstk.
Mkitrlolibk
Mkisfstc ci uil mkibumtl bkeksl quc ek tfpfgfml ce lrtfmuek <0<
Lrtêmuek <0<´ (Mkitrlolibk).  Mkjctc mkitrlolibk ce quc fimurrl ci lehuil bc els mkibumtls
bcsmrftls l mkitfiulmfýi>
l) Fitrkbumfr
Fitrkbumfr k cxtrl
cxtrlcrcr jcrmlimêl
jcrmlimêlss l tcrrf
tcrrftkrfk
tkrfk lbulicr
lbulicrk
k ilmfk
ilmfkile
ile ci gkrjl melibc
melibcstfil
stfil k pkr rutls u
`krlrfks
`krlrf ks ik `lofe
`lofeftlbks
ftlbks,, ceubf
ceubfcibk
cibk ce mkitr
mkitrke
ke lbulic
lbulicrk.
rk. ]crì mkisf
mkisfbcrlbk
bcrlbk tljofæ
tljofæi
i lutkr bce bceftk
bceftk ce
mkisfhiltlrfk k prkpfctlrfk bc bfm`l jcrmlimêl.
Br.> Fitrkbumfr k cxtrlcr pkr rutls u `krlrfks ik `lofeftlbks, »\uæ cs ek quc plsl; Tkrquc rutls y
`krlrfks `lofeftlbks, cs quc tc bli uil rutl y ui `krlrfk `lofeftlbk, mulibk plsl `ly uil rutl
lutkrfzlbl y tfcics quc fr pkr el rutl lutkrfzlbl y vls l eechlr ci tlitk tfcjpk csk ec bfmci ce
lbulicrk mulibk prcscitls ce bkmujcitk y ec sceel. ]f sc vl pkr ktrk mljfik cs mkitrlolibk, ik
pucbc mljoflr bc rutl, ik pucbc vueicrlr ce `krlrfk, tljofæi `loel bc cxtrlcr sfi rcspctlr els rutls
cstloecmfbls.

2 ]CTRFCJO_C ?4<6
8. »Muìe cs ce prkmcbfjfcitk plrl els mkitrlvcimfkics trfoutlrfls;
_. Br.> Els mkitrlvcimfkics l bfgcrcimfl bc eks bceftks ski bc mkikmfjfcitk bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi
trfoutlrfl, cs bcmfr qufci vl mkikmcr els mkitrlvcimfkics, ce prkmcbfjfcitk y els slimfkics cs el
prkpfl lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl quc hcicrlejcitc cgcmtþl bc jlicrl echle, cgcmtþl ui lutk fifmfle bc
sujlrfk mkitrlvcimfkile ci ce mule vl mkitcicr els prcsuitls gletls bce mkitrfouycitc y sc ec ktkrhlrl
ui pcpcrf
rfkb
kbkk bc pruc
prucol
ol vl vcr
vcr el vlek
vlekrl
rlmf
mfýi
ýi y el rc
rcsk
skeu
eumf
mfýi
ýi bc
bcee ml
mlsk
sk,, vl vc
vcrr ui
uil
l rc
rcsk
skeu
eumf
mfýi
ýi
slimfkiltkrfl quc cstloecmc ce mlsk bc el vlekrlmfýi bc el prucol y sf ce mkitrfouycitc l mkjctfbk el
mkitrlvcimfýi sc cstloecmc el juetl k els slimfkics l els quc ec mkrrcspkibc ci el lbjfifstrlmfýi
trfoutlrfl, fijcbfltljcitc cncmutloec mki pelzks rcspcmtfvks.
Mkjplücrk> Ce lrt. <76 `loel bc uifgfmlmfýi bc prkmcbfjfcitk l quc sc rcgfcrc>
Br.> rcspkibc vljks l vcr quc mulibk cstky `lmfcibk ce prkmcsk bc bctcrjfilmfýi, sc lmucrbli quc
`ly uil krbci bc bctcrjfilmfýi k uil krbci bc gfsmlefzlmfýi `ly el prucol quc ec prcscitl y
tcicjks el vfstl bc mlrhk, jum`ls vcmcs tcicjks ce prkmcbfjfcitk bc bctcrjfilmfýi c fbcitfgfmk ci
ce prkmcbfjfcitk quc `l `lofbk mkitrlvcimfkics trfoutlrfls citkimcs l`ê uifgfmk ce prkmcbfjfcitk bc
bctcrjfilmfýi y ce prkmcbfjfcitk slimfkiltkrfk y ek uifgfmk y bfhk ik vky l `lmcr bks prkmcsks
bfstfitks vky l `lmcre
bfstfitks `lmcrek
k uik skek, hcicrle
hcicrlejcitc
jcitc cjpfczk mki ce prkmc
prkmcsk
sk bc bctcr
bctcrjfilm
jfilmfýi
fýi ce mule sc
fbcitfgfml mkitrlvcimfkics trfoutlrfls y l`ê jfsjk sc uifgfml ce prkmcbfjfcitk y sc cgcmtþl uil
rcskeumfýi bctcrjfiltfvl y slimfkiltkrfl ci uil skel.
=7
 

El bctcrjfilmfýi cs lquceel fistftumfýi ci quc ce bcrcm`k trfoutlrfk tfcic mkjk konctfvk cs cstloecmcr,
mkjuifmlr el cxfstcimfl bc ui `cm`k hcicrlbkr y el mulitêl bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl l el lbjfifstrlmfýi
trfoutlrfl cstl bctcrjfilmfýi sc cgcmtþl pkr ce sunctk plsfvk l trlvæs bc bcmelrlmfkics nurlbls, sf ik
ek `l `cm`k k ek `l `cm`k jle, el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl pucbc bctcrjfilr el bcubl, y ce cstlbk ec
bctcrjfil el krbci bc gfsmlefzlmfýi sfi cjolrhk bctcrjfiljks quc el pcrskil cncjpek ce Wfrhfefk cs
lokhlbk ltfcibc prkmcsks vl l lubfcimfls, su koefhlmfýi crl fismrfofrsc, pcrk ik ek `lmc citkimcs
fijc
fijcbfbflt
ltlj
ljci
citc
tc ec `lmc
`lmci
i uil
uil krb
krbci
ci bc gfsm
gfsmle
lefz
fzlm
lmfý
fýi
i cs
cstì
tì pr
prkm
kmcs
csli
libk
bk tk
tkbl
bl el fifigk
gkrj
rjlm
lmfý
fýi
i y

cimucitrli uiltrfoutlrfl
lbjfifstrlmfýi mkitrlvcimfýi, kjfsfýi
scülel vljks bc fismrfpmfýi
l `lmcr ci eks
bks prkmcsks uikrchfstrks trfoutlrfks,
plrl mlemuelr el bcubl`lquc
citkimcs
æe bcocely
ktrk plrl slimfkilrec quc ik sc `l fismrftk IK `lmcjks uifgfmlmfýi bc prkmcbfjfcitk. Tcrk sf `ly
bceftk lquê yl ik bc lbjfifstrlmfýi lquê `lmcs el bctcrjfilmfýi y vl le jfifstcrfk pþoefmk y prkmcslbk
pkr eks nucmcs bc scitcimfl.
@ly lehuils cspcmfgfmlmfkics ci ce ìjoftk trfoutlrfk pkr cncjpek el bciuimfl ci jltcrfl lbulicrl sc
eeljl lmtk bc fitcrvcimfýi quc vl l  bfgcrcimflr cstc prkmcsk, pkr cncjpek, ik sc ecs vl l mkimcbcr 
bctcimfýi l jcbfbls mlutcelrcs bfstfitls l el bctcimfýi prcvcitfvl l eks sunctks bciuimflbks pkr 
mkitrlolibk.
0. »Muìe cs ce prkmcbfjfcitk plrl eks bceftks trfoutlrfks;
_. Mkjplücrk. Lrt. <0? bce MRO> ]c rchfrìi bc lmucrbk mki ce mýbfhk bc prkmcbfjfcitk pcile.
Br.> Cstìi rchfbks ci ce mýbfhk bc prkmcbfjfcitk pcile citkimcs l`ê vl vcr el plrtfmfplmfýi bc
Jfifstcrfk Tþoefmk `ly gfsmlecs cspcmflefzlbks ci ce ìrcl guibljcitlejcitc ci ce ìrcl lbulicrl, ci
bceftks trfoutlrfks lbulicrks, bcoci tcicr lehuils cspcmfgfmfblbcs tljofæi.
Els rchels bce prkmcbfjfcitk pcile lpefmli, ci uil prfjcrl fistlimfl sc `loêl skefmftlbk l trlvæs bc el
ecy hcicrle bc lbulils quc ce `lyl nucmcs pcilecs trfoutlrfks cspcmflefzlbks, ik sc mujpefý lquceek y
ski eks nucmcs pcilecs krbfilrf
krbfilrfks
ks quc mkikmci eks prkmcs
prkmcsks
ks pcilecs krbfi
krbfilrfks,
lrfks, tfcic ui letk hrlbk
bc tcmifgfmlmfýi, cstc nucz bcoc mkikmcr eks figkrjcs pcrfmflecs lbulicrks y trfoutlrfks sfcjprc `ly
tæmifmks ci csl jltcrfl.
6. »\uæ prfimfpfks sc lpefml le prkmcsljfcitk bc slimfkics trfoutlrfls;
_. Mkjplücrl> Ce prfimfpfk bc echlefblb, bc rcscrvl bc ecy y ikj ofs fi êbcj.
Br.> Ce prfimfpfk bc echlefblb cstì cstloecmfbk ci ce lrt. <<7. Bfmc tkbl slimfýi bcoc guiblrsc ci ecy y
prcvfl le `cm`k puifoec cstc prfimfpfk plrcmcrêl quc skek cs lpefmloec l jltcrfl pcile ik cs mfcrtk, eks
prfimfpfks ci jltcrfl pcile tljofæi sc lpefml l jltcrfl lbjfifstrltfvl, citkimcs lquê tcicjks ui
prkoecjl
prkoec jl mulib
mulibkk `cjks mftlbk els mkitr
mkitrlvcim
lvcimfkics
fkics `cjks vfstk uil quc sc eeljl fimujpe
fimujpefjfcit
fjfcitks
ks
bc bcocrcs gkrjlecs y mulibk ek bcsmrfoc ec bl el glmuetlb bc bctcrjfilr quc cs fimujpefjfcitk bc
bcocrc
bco crcss gkr
gkrjle
jlecs
cs l el lbjlbjfif
fifstr
strlmf
lmfýi
ýi trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfl
l y cst
cstloe
loecmc
cmc csk
cskss tfp
tfpks
ks mki
mkitrl
trlvci
vcimfk
mfkile
ilecs
cs ci
rcheljcitks, ci rcskeumfkics ikrjltfvls bc bfrcmtkrfk.
Sil bc el
Sil elss hrli
hrlibc
bcss pr
prch
chui
uitl
tlss ci jl
jltc
tcrf
rfl
l tr
trfo
fout
utlr
lrfl
fl cs ek
ekss rc
rche
helj
ljci
citk
tkss qu
quc
c bc
bctc
tcrj
rjfi
fili
li
mkitrlvcimfkics bc bcocrcs gkrjlecs ski mkistftumfkilecs, mujpeci ce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy,
pkrquc cstìi mrclibk mkitrlvcimfkics bcsbc ce puitk bc vfstl bce B_. ]ki fimkistftumfkilecs c
fechlecs y mujpeci ce prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy, pcrk csk `lmcrec citcibcr l el lbjfifstrlmfýi
trfoutlrfl cs ofci mkjpefmlbk.

=8
 

Tkrquc cs uil hlrlitêl plrl ce mfublblik, cstlr cstloecmfbk ci ecy. KNK mki cstk ce prfimfpfk bc
rcscrvl bc ecy. Juy fjpkrtlitc.
Tcrk el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl ci su bcgcisl bfmc quc el ecy jc `l bcechlbk quc yk pucbl
rcheljcitlr
rchelj citlr y sf jc `l bcech
bcechlbk
lbk yk tcihk el mkjpctcim
mkjpctcimflfl plrl `lmcr
`lmcrek.
ek. L`ê ci el bkmtrfil tcicjk
tcicjkss
lehk quc sc eeljl ik pucbcs bcechlr lehk quc yl cstì bcechlbk.
Mkjplücrl> Ce prfimfpfk bc prkpkrmfkilefblb, y qucrêl `lmcr uil prchuitl sf uil mkitrlvcimfýi
pucbc mkivcrtfrsc
echlefblb
echlefblb rcpucstl ci
bce bceftk mkibcocrêl
B_.> Ik el sujlcncjpek,
bc mlrhl`ly
bc ui
fitcrcscs y sf cstlrêl
mkitrlolibk vfkelibk ce prfimfpfk
mkitrlvcimfkile bc
y `ly ktrl
bcefmtule bfgcrcimfl prchuitl bc cxljci ce JKIRK BC EK] R_FOSRK] KJFRFBK].
Ik bcocrêli bc mkivcrtfrsc pkrquc el bfgcrcimfl ci ce mkitrlolibk mkitrlvcimfkile cs ce vlekr bc eks
trfoutks kjftfbks y ci ce jkjcitk bc el mkitrlvcimfýi, pusfjks ce cncjpek bce tæmifmk lbulicrk
vlekrl el jcrmlbcrêl, y cstloecmc ce vlekr bc eks trfoutks kjftfbks csc cs ce mrftcrfk quc vl bctcrjfilr 
sf jìs lbcelitc ce prkmcsk ik bcoêl bc burlr jìs bc 7 jcscs, pcrk sf burl ce prkmcsk jìs bc = lüks
y `l supcrlbk ce vlekr bc eks trfoutks kjftfbks bc eks 34 jfe SGW‖s sfhuc sfcibk mkitrlvcimfýi pkrquc
`l ilmfb
ilmfbkk ls
lsêê cs
csk
k sc eel
eeljl
jl pr
prfim
fimfpf
fpfk
k bce bcof
bcofbkbk prk
prkmcs
mcskk pkb
pkbrêl
rêl scr pkr
pkrquc
quc els ci jltcrf
jltcrfl
l
slimfkiltkrfl vl lpefmlrsc els ikrjls puiftfvls quc `li sfbk vfhcitcs ce jkjcitk bc el mkjfsfýi bce
feêmftk trfoutlrfk.

Tucbc
Tuc bc lpe
lpefml
fmlrsc
mkitrlvcitkr, rsc
pcrkuil ikr
ikrjl
jlmkjpecjcitlr.
ik pucbc quc vl sli
slimfk
mfkilr
ilrsc
sc pks
pkstcr
tcrfkr
fkrjci
jcitc
tc melrk
melrk sf oci
ocicgf
cgfmfl
mfl le prcs
prcsuit
uitk
k

Eks prfimfpfks
prfimfpfks rcelmfkilbk
rcelmfkilbkss mki ce bcofbk prkmcs
prkmcsk,
k, lmmcsk l el nurfsbfmm
nurfsbfmmfýi,
fýi, bcrcm`k le nucz ilturle,
bc
bcrc
rcm`
m`kk le bcgc
bcgcis
isl,
l, tk
tkbk
bk csk
csk lp
lprci
rcibc
bcjk
jkss ci els
els sc
scit
itci
cimf
mfls
ls bc el mk mkrt
rtc
c fi
fitc
tcrl
rljc
jcrf
rfml
mlil
il.. El
Trkpkrmfkilefblb bcocjks lilefzlrel skek le sfstcjl trfoutlrfk k bcocjks lilefzlrel grcitc l tkbk ce
sfstcjl nurêbfmk, iksktrks pcisljks quc skek cs bcitrk bce sfstcjl trfoutlrfk, pcrk `lmc bublr el ecy
<<8< scülel sf qucjl uil pcqucü
pcqucül l prkpf
prkpfcblb
cblb y qucjli uil `cmtìrc
`cmtìrcl l bc oksquc su slimfýi cs 20
os. Tcrk sf crcs ui lhrkfibustrfle vlec =44 os. Tkr uil `cmtìrcl bce oksquc qucjlbk cs uil ecy bce
?4<6.
Jlibk ui bkmujcitk le hrupk eccr.
Ci cstìi mkitrlvcimfkics vlec jìs æe ik civfý bc eforks bc lpcrturls y mkjprls FWL kpkrtuiljcitc
l el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl tfcic uil slimfýi bc ?444 SGW‖s cstk cs lehk mkjk ?344 Os., ce
prfimfpfk bc prkpkrmfkilefblb skek bcoc scr lilefzlbk ci ce ìjoftk trfoutlrfk k bcoc scr lilefzlbk ci
ce mkinuitk, y tkbls bcocrêli bc scr lilefzlbks mki prkpkrmfkilefblb. Eks prfimfpfks ski jlibltks bc
kptfjfzlmfýi plrl el glmuetlb bc els rchels.
Trfimfpfk bc tfpfmfblb cs mkjk ui suo prfimfpfk bc rcscrvl bc ecy y bc frrctrklmtfvfblb. Trfimfpfk bc
fhuleblb gkrjle, prkhrcsfvfblb el prfjcrl `ly uil slimfýi, el sfhufcitc vcz `ly uil slimfýi jlykr.

MSC]RFKIL_FK
 FJTSHILMFÝI BC EK] LMRK] BC EL LBJFIF]R_LMFÝI R_FOSRL_FL

<. »Muì
»Muìecs
ecs ski ek
ekss sfstcj
sfstcjls
ls bc fjp
fjpuhil
uhilmfýi
mfýi ci ccee Bcrcm`
Bcrcm`k
k mkjpl
mkjplrlbk
rlbk;
;
_. Mkjplücrl> Rcicjks ? sfstcjls>

=0
 

Ce sfstcjl mkjki Elw quc rcprcscitl ce tktle skorc eks lmtks bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi y citrc lehuils
mlrlmtcrêstfmls pkbcjks mftlr quc tfcic uil gucrzl jêifjl tfcic quc scr rcvfslbls nubfmflejcitc plrl
quc el gucrzl cncmutkrflbl ci ce ræhfjci lbjfifstrltfvk, cs ce quc scülel quc ski mkitrkeloecs pkr 
rchêjcics krbfilrfks, pkbcjks bcmfr quc ski nurfsbfmmfkics krbfilrfls bc el nurfsbfmmfýi y citrc
lehuils mlrlmtcrêstfmls tcicjks el ncrlrquêl bc eks guimfkilrfks.
Br.> Eks lmtks bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi sc prcsujci echêtfjks, FS_F] RLIRSJ qufcrc bcmfr slevk prucol
ci mkitrlrfk quc sfhifgfml quc eks lmtks bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi ci vfrtub bc el cgfmlmfl ce sfstcjl bce
sfstcjl nurêbfmk trfoutlrfk y bce sfstcjl lbjfifstrltfvk ci hcicrle sc prcsujci quc cstìi cijlrmlbks
ci el ecy y ci el mkist
mkistftumf
ftumfýi
ýi qufci bcoc bcjliblr su fimki
fimkistftu
stftumfkile
mfkilefblb
fblb cs ce lbjfifstrlbk,
lbjfifstrlbk, bcoc
prktcstlr bcoc rcmeljlr, ci csc scitfbk surhc el fjpuhilmfýi mkjk bcrcm`k mkjk pkr cncjpek l
plrtfr bc el _cvkeumfýi Grlimc
Grlimcslsl tcicj
tcicjks
ks bcrcm`k l rcmel
rcmeljlr
jlr ci ce cstlb
cstlbkk loskeutfst
loskeutfstl
l ik tciêljks
bcrcm`k l rcmeljlr, ci ce cstlbk fiml.
 L plrtfr bce cstlbk jkbcrik sc mrcl cstc bcrcm`k bc fjpuhilmfýi citkimcs ce lmtk lbjfifstrltfvk sc
prcsujc echle cncmutloec, pcrk tþ pucbcs fr y rcmeljlr y l`ê cstl eks sfstcjls bc fjpuhilmfýi.
Ce rcmeljk pucbc schufr ce jkbcek fihecs bce MKJKI ELX k pucbcs schufr ce jkbcek grlimæs bce
MFWFE ELX, ce jkbcek bc fjpuhilmfýi lbjfifstrltfvl, quc sfhifgfml cstk sky ce lbjfifstrlbk y tcihk
bks sfstcjls mule sfstcjl tcibrì el echfselmfýi okefvflil.

Sik
litc quc bcocrêlquc
eks nucmcs, pkbcr fjpuhilr
bctcrjfic sfcjprc
sf cs litc ce
cncmutloec mkitrke
k ik sf `lnurfsbfmmfkile bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi
lmtulbk mkrrcmtljcitc nubfmfle
el lbjfifstrlmfýi
trfoutlrfl.
Ce ktrk sfstcjl bcitrk bc el prkpfl lbjfifstrlmfýi mrck ýrhliks bc nustfmfl lbjfifstrltfvl trfoutlrfl
cstk
cstk sfhi
sfhifgfgfm
fml
l quc
quc ik vky
vky l fr bk
bkib
ibcc ui nucz
nucz tc
tcrm
rmcr
crkk fj
fjpl
plrm
rmfl
fle,e, sfik
sfik vkvkyy l fr l ktktrl
rl ci
citftfbl
blb
b
lb
lbjf
jfif
ifst
strl
rltftfvl
vl bc
bcit
itrk
rk ce jf
jfsj
sjkk ýr
ýrhl
hlik
ik quc
quc vl tr trlt
ltlr
lr bc lblbjf jfif
ifst
strl
rlrr nu
nust
stfm
fmfl
fl fjpl
fjplrm
rmfl
flee c
fibcpcibfcitcjcitc tljofæi, pcrk cstì bcitrk bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi cstl sc eeljl ci grlimæs sc eeljl
CE MKI]CNK BC C]RLBK.
\uæ sfstcjl sfhuc iucstrk plês `l fbk mkpfìibksc bc eks bks jkbceks, Okefvfl lmtulejcitc tfcic ui
sfstcjl jfxtk `l tkjlbk ce sfstcjl lbjfifstrltfvk y ce sfstcjl nurfsbfmmfkile eks bks pucbk cechfr eks
bks y pucbk cechfr l quc mljfik fr, pkrquc vêl vky l fjpuhilr.
Tkr el vêl lbj
lbjfif
fifstr
strltfvl> Ce rcm
ltfvl> rcmurs
ursk
k bc lez
lezlbl
lbl,, ncrìrq
ncrìrqufm
ufmk
k litc
litc el lutkrf
lutkrfblb
blb bc fjpuhi
fjpuhilmf
lmfýi
ýi
trfoutlrfl.
K pucbk frjc l el vêl nurfsbfmmfkile> Bfrcmtljcitc litc ce nucz mkitcimfksk trfoutlrfk k mkitcimfksk
lbjfifstrltfvk.
Sil vêl cxmeuyc le ktrk uil vêl cs lbjfifstrltfvl el bcjlibl quc pucbcs fitcrpkicr cs ce rcmursk bc
lezlbl, pkstcrfkrjcitc sf ik tc hustl el rcskeumfýi bc lezlbl, mkisfbcrli quc tkblvêl vueicrl tus
bcrcm`ks fitcrpkics ce rcmursk ncrìrqufmk y sf tkblvêl vueicrl tus bcrcm`ks fitcrpkics uil bcjlibl
 nubfmfle quc sc eeljl mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvk lhktìibksc cstc vls le mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvk
quc cs nurfsbfmmfkile.
Ci mljofk, tfcics ktrl vêl quc cs el vêl nurfsbfmmfkile prkpfljcitc quc el prfjcrl bcjlibl quc vls l
prcscitlr cs ui mkitcimfksk trfoutlrfk ci prfjcrl fistlimfl quc `ly nucmcs ci El Tlz, prfjcrl
fistlimfl lpcelmfýi, mlslmfýi.

=6
 

@ly bks vêls bfstfitls sf csmkhcs uil cstl sc tc liuel, uil vêl fjpefml el rciuimfl k cxmeusfýi bc el
ktrl.
Ek quc ustcbcs tfcici quc vcr ci sus scitcimfls bc trlolnk ecs vky l prchuitlr sf tfcics ui
mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvk yk tc vky l prchuitlr y quc `ly bfm`k ci lezlbl y quc `li bfm`k ci
 ncrìrqufmk, pkbcjks vcr ci els bfstfitls fistlimfls, cstc cs juy fjpkrtlitc, pkrquc tfcic lpefmlmfýi
prìmtfml prfjcrk ci sus mlsks bc mkrtk pelzk pkrquæ tfcici quc mkitlrjc ci sus mlsks y schuibk ci
ce cncrmfmfk prkgcsfkile bce lokhlbk trfoutlrfstl cs fitcrpkicr rcmursks bc lezlbl k mkitcimfksks
trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfks
ks y mkj
mkjkk vky pkr quc vêl
vêl.. Citkim
Citkimcs
cs bco
bcocjk
cjkss rcvfsl
rcvfslrr nurfsp
nurfsprub
rubcim
cimfl
fl k prc
prcmcb
mcbcit
citcs
cs
trfoutlrfks. Bcok lpuitlr bkibc jc vl fr jcnkr.
Ce prkmcsk mkitcimfksk trfoutlrfk sc cimucitrl ci ce mýbfhk trfoutlrfk lorkhlbk ci el <=24 bce Nlfjc
plz, ce trfouile mkistftumfkile pkr uetrlmtfvfblb cstc sfstcjl bc fjpuhilmfýi, tcicjks ui sfstcjl
bkoec quc pucbc hlrlitfzlr ce sfstcjl bc fjpuhilmfýi bce mkitrfouycitc, skek cxfstc ci jltcrfl
trfoutlrfl.
Tlrl trfoutlrfk quc cs uil bfsmfpefil quc vl nlelibk le bcrcm`k lbjfifstrltfvk yl guimfkil. El
uetrlmtfvfblb bc el ikrjl `ly quc mkjprlrsc bks mýbfhks trfoutlrfks ce vfhcitc y ce litcrfkr knk el <=24
ik sc ek cimucitrl lsê sfik ce mkitcimfksk trfoutlrfk bce lük <66? ek mkikmêl uil mksl quc sc eeljlol
ce trfouile gfsmle bc el ilmfýi, pcrk csk yl ik cxfstc citkimcs `ly quc lbcmulr cstl ikrjl mki eks
lmtulecs
lmtul ecs nucmc
nucmcss lbjfif
lbjfifstrlt
strltfvks
fvks mklmtfvk
mklmtfvkss gfsm
gfsmlecs
lecs trfoutlrfk
trfoutlrfkss cs bcmfr `ly uil slesl l`ê, ci mulibk
mkrrcspkibl lquceek y cstìi guimfkilibk lsê.
?. »Mýj
»Mýjk
k sc fjpuh
fjpuhili
ili ikrj
ikrjls
ls lbjf
lbjfifstr
ifstrltfvl
ltfvlss bc mlrìmtcr hc
hcicrle
icrle ci Okefvfl
Okefvfl;
;
_. Mkjplücrl> ]chþi ce lrt. =4 bce MRO.
B_.> Lbcjìs bc vcr bc uil fjpuhilmfýi bc lemlimc plrtfmuelr cs bcmfr plrl el Frcic, ce Nuefk, ctm.
@ly ktrks lmtks lbjfifs
lbjfifstrltfv
trltfvks
ks trfout
trfoutlrfks
lrfks bc lemli
lemlimc
mc hcicrl
hcicrlee el ecy ?=2< `ly lmtks lbjfi
lbjfifstrl
fstrltfvks
tfvks
quc cs uil jlifgcstlmfýi bc vkeuitlb bc el lbjfifstrlmfýi y `ly bks tfpks bc lbjfifstrlmfýi ci
Okefvfl>
○ Eks lmtks lbjfifstrltfvks bc lemlimc hcicrle> Cstk sc eeljl _cheljcitks els _IB, tfcici ktrl
gkrjl bc fjpuhilmfýi, quc plsl lquê `ly ui rcheljcitk uil _IB quc vl rchuelr el glmturlmfýi
ci el mkistrummfýi citkimcs `ly ui rcheljcitk bc lemlimc hcicrle quc ci cstc jkjcitk ik vl
vcr uil rcskeumfýi quc tfcici el koefhltkrfcblb bc lsfstfr l ui mljpckiltk y tfcici quc plrtfmfplr 
cs ui rcheljcitk bc lemlimc hcicrle ik cs bc gkrjl plrtfmuelr, sc fjpuhil lbjfifstrltfvljcitc
grcitc l bcpcibfcibk sf ek `l bfmtlbk ci ifvce mcitrle bce cstlbk k el lbulil sc fitcrpkic litc ce
Jfifstrk bc Cmkikjêl y gfilizls pþoefml ci ?4 bêls mleciblrfk, k sf cs ui lmtk lbjfifstrltfvk
juifmf
jui fmfple
ple sc fitcrpk
fitcrpkic
ic lit
litc
c el lem
lemleb
lebêl
êl jui
juifmf
fmfple
ple bce Hkof
Hkofcrik
crik Jui
Juifmf
fmfple
ple,, ceeks
ceeks cjf
cjftci
tci uil
rcskeumfýi
rcske umfýi y litc csks bks pucbk fitcrp
fitcrpkicr
kicr ui mkit
mkitcimfk
cimfksk
sk lbjfifstr
lbjfifstrltfvk
ltfvk luiquc ce MRO ik ek
bfmc. V csl cs el þifml vêl quc `ly litc ce nucz lbjfifstrltfvk mklmtfvk gfsmle y trfoutlrfk ik pucbk
fitcrpkicr uil fjpuhilmfýi bc lemlimc hcicrle.
○ Ek
Ekss lmtk
lmtkss lb
lbjf
jfif
ifst
strl
rltftfvk
vkss bc leml
lemlim
imc
c plrt
plrtfm
fmue
uelr,
lr, tftfcic ml
cic mlrl
rlmt
mtcr
crês
êstf
tfml
ml bc
bcoc
oc sc
scrr ui lmtk
lmtk
lbjfifstrltfvk bcgfiftfvk, ik bcoc scr bc mlrìmtcr, prkvfskrfk k fitcrjcbfk.
○ Ce rcmursk mkitrl trfoutks fechlecs, fhule cs uil gkrjl bc fjpuhilmfýi trfoutlrfl, pcrk cs uil
gkrjl cxtrlkrbfilrfl, mkistftumfkile. Wljks l vcr quc els hlrlitêls quc ski el prktcmmfýi bc eks
bcrcm`ks `ly bks tfpks bc hlrlitêls eks lostrlmtks y eks mkimrctks cstc þetfjk cs ek quc iks

24
 

fitcrcsl ski jcmlifsjks bc bcgcisl, cxfstc ce prkmcsle krhìifmk quc scülel bks tfpks bc
hlrlit
hlr litêls
êls mkimrc
mkimrctls
tls els cxt
cxtrlk
rlkrbf
rbfilr
ilrfls
fls y els krb
krbfil
filrfl
rflss cst
cstls
ls ski el olsc
olsc bce sfs
sfstcj
tcjll bc
prktcmmfýi ski eks nucmcs krbfilrfks quc vl prktchcr l eks bcrcm`ks bc eks mkitrlycitcs k
lbjfifstrl
lbjfi fstrlbks
bks k mfublbliks pcrk tljof
tljofæi
æi `ly uil cxtrlk
cxtrlkrbfilr
rbfilrfl
fl quc mulibk gleel cstl pucbk
fitcrpkicr ui ljplrk mkistftumfkile, k bcitrk bc el jltcrfl trfoutlrfl el lmmfýi mkitrl trfoutks
fechlecs, mulibk prkmcbc mulibk ce trfoutk cs mrclbk le jlrhci bc eks trfoutks fechlecs, pucbk
fitcrpkicr sf sc mrcl ui fjpucstk fechle quc ik cstì ci el mkistftumfýi, pkr vueicrlmfýi l prfimfpfk

mkistftumfkile bc rcscrvl bc ecy.

7 ]CTRFCJO_C ?4<6
MSC]RFKIL_FK (Setfjls 2 prchuitls)
FJTSHILMFÝI
FJTSHILMFÝI BC EK] LMRK] BC EL LBJFIF]R_LMFÝI R_FOSRL
R_FOSRL_FL
_FL
 
»MÝJK ]C FJTSHILI LMRK] TL_RFMSEL_C] BC EL LBJFIF]R_LMFÝI R_FOSRL_FL;
MRO - L_RÊMSEK <=<´ (_cmursks
<=<´ (_cmursks Lbjfsfoecs). Mkitrl eks lmtks bc el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl bc
lemlimc
lemlimc plrtf
plrtfmue
muelr
lr pkbrì
pkbrì fitcrp
fitcrpki
kicrs
crsc
c _cmur
_cmursk
sk bc Lezlb
Lezlbl
l ci eks ml
mlsks
sks,, gkrjl
gkrjl y pelzk
pelzk qu
qucc sc
cstloecmc ci ce prcscitc Rêtuek. Mkitrl el rcskeumfýi quc rcsucevc ce _cmursk bc Lezlbl skeljcitc
mloc ce _cmursk Ncrìrqufmk, quc sc trljftlrì mkigkrjc le prkmcbfjfcitk quc cstloecmc cstc Mýbfhk.
 Ljoks rcmursks sc fitcrpkibrìi
fitcrpkibrìi litc els lutkrfblb
lutkrfblbcs
cs mkjpctcitc
mkjpctcitcss bc el ]upcrfitcibcimfl
]upcrfitcibcimfl Rrfoutlrfl
quc sc mrcl pkr jlibltk bc cstl ikrjl echle .

○ Ce rcmursk bc lezlbl litc el LFR rchfkile, ce rcmursk ncrìrqufmk litc el LHFR

○ Ce mkitcimfksk trfoutlrfk litc eks nucmcs lbjfifstrltfvks mklmtfvk gfsmle y trfoutlrfk.
»MKIR_L \SÆ LMRK] BCGFIFRFWK] ]C FIRC_TKIC CE _CMS_]K BC LE^LBL;
MRO - L_RÊMSEK <2=´ (_cmursk bc Lezlbl). Ce _cmursk bc Lezlbl scrì lbjfsfoec sýek mkitrl eks
sfhufcitcs lmtks bcgfiftfvks>

<. Els rcskeumf

rcskeumfkic
kics
s bctcrjfi
bctcrjfiltfv
ltfvls.
ls.

?. Els rcskeumf
rcskeumfkic
kics
s slimfki
slimfkiltkr
ltkrfls.
fls.

=. Els rcskeumfkics
rcskeumfkics quc
quc bcifchuci
bcifchuci skefmftubcs
skefmftubcs bc cxcimfýi,
cxcimfýi, mkjpcislmf
mkjpcislmfýi,
ýi, rcpctfmfýi
rcpctfmfýi k bcvkeumfýi
bcvkeumfýi
bc fjpucstks.

2. El
Els
s rc
rcsk
skeu
eumf
mfki
kics
cs qu
quc c cx
cxfn
fnli
li rcst
rcstft
ftum
umfý
fýi
i bc ek fi
fibc
bcof
ofbl
bljc
jcit
itc
c bc
bcvu
vuce
cetk
tk ci eks
eks mlsk
mlsks
s bc
bcvkeumfkics fjpksftfvls.

3. Eks
Eks lmtks
lmtks quc
quc bcmel
bcmelrci
rci el rcspk
rcspkis
islo
lofef
fefbl
blb
b bc tcrmcr
tcrmcrls
ls pcrskil
pcrskils
s ci ce pl
plhk
hk bc ko
koefh
efhlmf
lmfki
kics
cs
trfoutlrfls ci bcgcmtk k ci euhlr bce sunctk plsfvk.

Ce rcm
rcmurs
ursk
k bc lez
lezlbl
lbl sc prc
prcsci
scitl
tl lit
litc
c mul
mulequ
equfcr
fcr lmtk
lmtk lbj
lbjfif
fifstr
strltf
ltfvk
vk BCGFIF
BCGFIFRFW
RFWK
K bc lem
lemlim
limc
c
plrtfmuelr,
plrtfmuelr, sfhif
sfhifgfml
gfml quc ik vli l fjpuhi
fjpuhilr
lr pkr cstc jcbfk eks lmtks lbjfifst
lbjfifstrltfv
rltfvks
ks prkvfsk
prkvfskrfks
rfks k
prcplrltkrfks if tljpkmk eks lmtks lbjfifstrltfvks bc lemlimc hcicrle. Cstk tljofæi sc lpefml le
mkitcimfksk trfoutlrfk.
2<
 

»\SÆ C] CE _CMS_]K NC_Ì_\SFM

NC_Ì_\SFMK
K V LIRC \SFCI ]C FIRC_TKIC;
Ce rcmursk ncrìrqufmk
ncrìrqufmk cs el fjpuhilmf
fjpuhilmfýi
ýi quc sc prcscitl ci mkitr
mkitrl
l bc el rcskeumfýi
rcskeumfýi quc rcsucev
rcsucevc
c ce
rcmursk bc lezlbl bfmtlbl pkr el L_FR. Cstc rcmursk pucbc scr prcscitlbk tlitk pkr ce sunctk plsfvk k
el Lbjfifstrlmfýi Rrfoutlrfl, mulibk mkisfbcrci quc el rcskeumfýi quc rcsucevc ce rcmursk bc lezlbl
ecsfkil sus bcrcm`ks k fitcrcscs. Cstc rcmursk bcoc scr prcscitlbk litc el LHFR (lutkrfblb hcicrle
bc fjpuhilmfýi trfoutlrfl).
○ Ci el cecmmfýi bc el vêl lbjfifstrltfvl tcicjks bkoec fistlimfl lbjfifstrltfvl

_CMS_]K BC LE^LBL LIRC EL L_FR  

WFL LBJFIF]R_LRFWL _CMS_]K NC_L_\SFMK LIRC EL LHFR  

LMRK MKIRCIMFK]K
LBJFIF]R_LRFWK LBJFIF]R_LRFWK
BCGFIFRFWK BC (C] MKIR_KE
LEMLIMC TL_RFMSEL_ NS_F]BFMMFKILE)

l) rcskeumfki bc prfjcrl
MKIRCIMFK]K fistlimfl
WFL NS_F]BFMMFKILE
R_FOSRL_FK o) lpcelmfýi
m) mlslmfýi

El ilturleczl bce Ljplrk cs suosfbflrfl, sfhifgfml quc>

HL_LIRÊL]
LO]R_LMRL]
HL_LIRÊL]
Hlrlitêls Mkimrctls
(ski jcmlifsjks bc K_BFIL_FL]
prktcmmfýi)
HL_LIRÊL]
MKIM_CRL]
Hlrlitêls Mkimrctls
CPR_LK_BFIL_FL]

@ly hlrlitêls quc ski jcmlifsjks bc prktcmmfýi>

○ hlrlitêls lostrlmtls
○ hlrlitêls mkimrctls
]ki els
]ki els quc
quc jk
jkvf
vfefefzl
zljk
jkss eks
eks lo
lokh
khlb
lbks
ks pl
plrl
rl rc
rcpl
plrl
rlrr vu
vuei
eicr
crlm
lmfk
fkic
icss cs
cspc
pcmê
mêgfgfml
mls,
s, mk
mkim
imrc
rctl
tlss
jltcrflefzlbls.
l) hlrlitêls mkimrctls krbfilrfls>  plrl el prktcmmfýi bc eks bcrcm`ks. Cs el olsc bc el prktcmmfýi
bc
bcee sfst
sfstcj
cjl,
l, cs bcmf
bcmfrr `ly
`ly ui lplplr
lrlt
ltk
k lblbjf
jfif
ifst
strl
rltftfvk
vk nu
nurf
rfsb
sbfm
fmmf
mfki
kile
le cs
cspc
pcrli
rlibk
bk plrl
plrl rc
rcsk
skev
evcr 
cr 
mkitrkvcrsfls plrl skeumfkilr prkoecjls ci el skmfcblb.
Cstl nurfsbfmmfýi krbfilrfl sc bfvfbc pkr ìrcls, pkr tcjls, pkr mulitêls, pkr tcrrftkrfk.

2?
 

@ly uil nurfsbfmmfýi cspcmflefzlbl plrl cstc tcjl quc cs el LFR, mkitcimfksk trfoutlrfk k mkitcimfksk
lbjfifstrltfvk plrl jltcrfl trfoutlrfl.
o) hlrlitêls mkimrctls cxtrlkrbfilrfls>
]c supkic quc plrl lmubfr l ui ljplrk mkistftumfkile bc prktcmmfýi cxtrlkrbfilrfl sc bcoc bc lhktlr 
cstl vêl, L IK ]C_, cxmcpmfkilejcitc, quc sc vueicrci bcrcm`ks guibljcitlecs quc icmcsftli
fijcbfltl prktcmmfýi pkrquc pucbci mluslr ui blük frrcplrloec.
 Lmì cstìi els lmmfkics mkistftumfkilecs> ce ljplrk, el lmmfýi bc fimkistftumfkilefblb, bc efocrtlb, bc
fimujpefjfcitk, bc prfvlmfblb.
»\uæ rcqufsftks tfcics cstls lmmfkics; Trfimfplejcitc el bc ljplrk cs ]SO]FBFL_FCBLB
Ce mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvk sc vl l mkjputlr bcspuæs bc el rcskeumfýi bc cijfcibl.

»MSÌEC] ]KI EL] BFGC_CIMFL] V ]CJCNLI^L] CIR_C CE MKIRCIMFK]K

LBJFIF]R_LRFWK
LBJFIF]R_LRFWK V CE MKIRCIMFK]K R_FOSRL_FK CI OKEFWFL;
Mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvk
○ @ly ui mkitrke bc echlefblb> sfhifgfml quc sc vl l vcrfgfmlr sf eks lmtks lbjfifstrltfvks `li sfbk
lbcmulbks l el ecy.
○ Ci ui prkmcsk krbfilrfk bc purk bcrcm`k> sfhifgfml quc ik `ly prcscitlmfýi bc prucols
pkrquc els prucols yl `li sfbk prcscitlbls ci eks rcmursks bc lezlbl y ncrìrqufmk
○ Cs prkmcsk bc þifml fistlimfl
○ Cs bcrcm`k prkmcsle lbjfifstrltfvk
○  Lutkrfblb mkjpctcitc>
]lel bce trfouile suprcjk bc nustfmfl mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvl (ifvce ilmfkile)
]lel bce trfouile bcplrtljcitle bc nustfmfl mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvl (ifvce juifmfple)
Mkitcimfksk trfoutlrfk
○ Ek mkikmc ce nucz lbjfifstrltfvk mklmtfvk gfsmle y trfoutlrfk
○  Lmì sf `ly uil mkitrkvcrsfl bc `cm`k.
○ @ly pksfofefblb bc fitcrpkicr prucols, vlekrlr el prucol
○ Fitcrpksfmfýi bc lechltks
○ Cs ui prkmcsk jìs ljpefk
○ @ly lpcelmfýi y mlslmfýi
<< ]CTRFCJO_C ?4<6
]F]RCJL BC FJTSHILMFÝI R_FOSRL_
R_FOSRL_FL
FL
Fjpuhilmfýi ci ce ìjoftk trfoutlrfk cspcmêgfmljcitc mkistftumfkile

2=
 

Cs bcikjfilbl mkitrl ce rcmursk trfoutks, fjpucstks, tlsls, pltcitcs juifmfplecs mkitrfoumfkics

cspcmflecs y ktrls mlrhls pþoefmls, \uc sc prcscitli litc ce trfouile mkistftumfkile peurfilmfkile mki
eks rcqufsftks y prkmcbfjfcitks bc el lmmfýi bc Ljplrk mkistftumfkile cstk sc prcscitl mulibk el
mrclmfýi, jkbfgfmlmfýi k cxtfimfýi bc ui trfoutk vl ci mkitrl bc el mkistftumfýi pkeêtfml bce Cstlbk.
Fjpuhilmfýi bc lmtks lbjfifstrltfvks bc lemlimc ci hcicrle

]ki eks rcheljcitks quc cjftc el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl mkjk el rib, bfspksfmfkics rcheljcitlrfls
ci ce cncrmfmfk bc sus mkjpctcimfls trfoutlrfls, ]f ek cjftc ce hkofcrik juifmfple ce lemlebc juifmfple.
Ci ce sfecimfk lbjfifstrltfvk
lbjfifstrltfvk sc supkic quc tc `li rcspkibfbk, `ly cxfstc uil gfmmfýi cstc pucbc scr 
pksftfvk k ichltfvk, ]chþi el ecy ?=2<, cstk ik cxfstc mkjk tle ci iucs
iucstrk
trk sfstcjl nurêbfmk okefvflik,
su bcmrctk rcheljcitlrfk cstloecmc q sf qufcrcs quc cxfstc ce sfecimfk lbjfifstrltfvk pksftfvk el citfblb
mkitrl el quc el vls l lpefmlr tfcic quc `locrek rcheljcitlbk, tkbks eks sfecimfks lbjfifstrltfvks ci
Okefvfl ski ichltfvks `ly uil gfmmfýi bc el rcspucstl, iksktrks pkbcjks mkisfbcrlr quc el rcspucstl
cs ichltfvl, ec bfmc quc ik Citkimcs sc lorc els vêls bc figkrjlmfýi ci cstc mlsk sf ce jfifstrk ce
lemlebc ik sc prkiuimfl ci ce tærjfik rcspcmtfvk prcsuitljcitc jc bfncrki quc ik, sc vl l el
sfhufcitc fistlimfl l trlvæs bce mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvk quc sc eecvlrì l mlok ci ui nuzhlbk
mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvk.
Fjpuhilmfýi bc
bc lmtks lbjfifstrltfvks bcgfiftfvks bc lemlimc plrtfmuelr 
 @ly bctcrjfilbls rcskeumfkics bctcrjfiltfvl, slimfkilbkrls, cspcmêgfmls, cstc tfpk bc rcskeumfkics
ski
ski rcsk
rcskeu
eumf
mfki
kics
cs bc tfpk
tfpk pl
plrt
rtfm
fmue
uelr
lr,, cstl
cstl rcsk
rcskeu
eumf
mfýi
ýi ci jl
jltc
tcrf
rfl
l tr
trfo
fout
utlr
lrfl
fl tfci
tfcic
c bks
bks vê
vêls
ls bc
fjpuhilmfýi
fjpuh ilmfýi uil cxmecxmeuyc
uyc l el ktrl, cs cstls
tls ski el vêl lbjfifs
lbjfifstrltfv
trltfvl
l y el vêl nurfs
nurfsbfmm
bfmmfkile,
fkile, el vf
vfl
l
lbjfifstrltfvl cstì mkjpucstl pkr rcmursk bc lezlbl prcscitlbl ?4 bêls mkjputloecs l plrtfr bce bêl
sfhufcitc `ìofe, Bcspuæs bc eks ?4 bêls tfcic 3 bêls plrl koscrvlr lbjftfr k rcm`lzlr, cstljks
bcgcibfcibk uil cjprcsl icmcsftljks
icmcsftljks ui pkbcr cxprcsk, pkbcr plrl prcs prcscitlr
citlr rcmursks bc lez
lezlbl,
lbl,
 Rc rcm`lzli trlisjftci sc iktfgfml, el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl tfcic <3 bêls plrl rcspkibcr el
bcjlibl
bcjlib l y lbnuit
lbnuitlr
lr ce cxpcb
cxpcbfcitc
fcitc krfhfi
krfhfile
le cstl iktfgfml
iktfgfmlmfýi
mfýi cs ci scmrctl
scmrctlrfl,
rfl, sf tc koscr
koscrvli
vli y ik
suoslils rcm`lzk, Tkstcrfkrjcitc `ly ui pelzk bc 24 bêls plrl cjftfr uil rcskeumfýi pcrl eks
prf
prfjcr
jcrks
ks ?4 sc pucb
pucbc c prc
prcsci
scitlr
tlr pruc
prucols
ols bc rcmfci
rcmfcitc
tc kotcim
kotcimfýi
fýi mki ui nurlj
nurljcit
citk
k bc rcm
rcmfci
fcitc
tc
kotcimfýi y sc cjftc rcskeumfýi Bc lezlbl quc pucbc scr mkigfrjltkrfl, rcvkmltkrfl k liueltkrfl.
Ik cstky sltfsgcm`k mki el rcskeumfýi bc lezlbl Mkisfbcrý quc sfhuc vueicrlibk eks bcrcm`ks bc jf
mefcitc Citkimcs vky schuibk plsk vky ce rcmursk ncrìrqufmk cstk sc fitcrpkic litc el jfsjl
lutkrfblb \uæ `l cjftfbk
cjftfbk el rcskeumfýi bc lezlbl.
Mkisfbcrl quc cstky vueicrlibk jc vky l mkitcimfksk eks lbjfifstrltfvks sc fitcrpkic Litc ce
trfouile suprcjk pkrquc cstk cs uil citfblb bc lemlimc ilmfkile, cs ui prkmcbfjfcitk
prkmcbfjfcitk krbfilrfk bc
purk bcrcm`k,
bcrcm`k, Bcjlibl rcspucs
rcspucstl,
tl, _æpefm
_æpefml,
l, bupefml, scitci
scitcimfl
mfl cstc prkmcsk burl 2 lüks, Rcihk
cstks bks rcmursks lblptltfvks sc suspcibc cs bcmfr ik sc pucbc cncmutlr.
 
Ik sc bcoc kevfblr quc le tkjlr bc el vêl nurfsbfmmfkile, quc uil vêl fjpefml el rciuimfl l el ktrl , cstl
vêl cs ce mkitcimfksk trfoutlrfk ik `ly quc mkiguibfrek mki ce mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvk k ce mklmtfvk
gfsmle, cstk cs sýek plrl ce ìjoftk trfoutlrfk cxmeusfvk, Cstk cstì rchuelbk ci el ecy <=24 mýbfhk

22
 

trfoutlrfk lorkhlbk y pkr uetrlmtfvfblb `l vucetk l eel

l vfbl cs ui prkm
prkmcsk
csk krbfilrfk bc `cm`k, Bcspuæs
bc ]citcimfl ,el lpcelmfýi, bcspuæs bce lutk bc vfstl y mlslmfýi cs bcmfr pucbc eechlr ui prkmcsk l el
Mkrtc ]uprcjl.
Tucbc prcscitlr mkitcimfksk lbjfifstrltfvk sfi plhlr pcrl sf qufcrc suspcibcr el cncmumfýi bce lmtk
tfcics quc plhlr l el lbjfifstrlmfýi trfoutlrfl ce <?4% bc el bcubl trfoutlrfl, Cxfstci mrftcrfks \uæ
ski bc rlpfbcz, prcmcbcitcs lbjfifstrltfvks, Vl quc ik pucbcs prcscitlr els bks l el vcz.

<0 ]CTRFCJO_C ?4<6

MSC]RFKIL_FK > BC_CM@K FIRC_ILMFKI
FIRC_ILMFKILE
LE R_FOSRL_FK
<. »\SÆ
»\SÆ _CHSEL CE BC_
BC_CM@K
CM@K R_FOSRL_FK FIRC_ILMFKI
FIRC_ILMFKILE
LE ;
_. El bkm bkmtrf
trfil
il bce bcrcm
bcrcm`k`k fitcril
fitcrilmfk
mfkile
ile ci jlt
jltcrf
crfl
l trf
trfout
outlrf
lrfl
l lokrbl
lokrbl ce cstubf
cstubfk
k bc gfsmle
gfsmlefbl
fblb
b
fitcrilmfki
fitcri lmfkile1
le1 bcsbc el pcrspc
pcrspcmtfv
mtfvll hekole el bkmtr
bkmtrfil
fil `l fbcitf
fbcitfgfmlb
gfmlbk
k mljpks bc fivcs
fivcstfhlm
tfhlmfýi,
fýi, tlecs
mkjk el bfgfmuetlb plrl lpefmlr fjpucstks l pcrskils y citfblbcs cmkiýjfmls cxtrlincrls, quc
hcicrl
hci crlii rfqucz
rfquczll ci tcr
tcrrft
rftkrf
krfks
ks bfs
bfstfi
tfitks
tks le suy
suyk1=
k1= el bko
bkoecec fjp
fjpksf
ksfmfý
mfýi
i fit
fitcri
crilmf
lmfkil
kilee ci sus bks
supucstks> nurêbfml y cmkiýjfml, bcrfvlbls bc el fitcrlmmfýi bc bfstfitks sfstcjls fjpksftfvks skorc
ui jfsjk pltrfjkifk k rcitl12 lbcjìs, ce ilmfjfcitk bc plrlêsks gfsmlecs k tcrrftkrfks bc iuel
trfoutlmfýi, Cstlbks bkibc fibfvfbuks y mkrpkrlmfkics trlselbli sus ocicgfmfks plrl cvftlr plhlr 
fjpucstks pucs ski euhlrcs quc jlifgfcstli els mlrlmtcrêstfmls bc krbciljfcitk gfsmle bæofe y el
kplmfblb bc ui sfstcjl gfilimfcrk13 le elbk bc ceek, el peliclmfýi gfsmle lhrcsfvl7 bcslrrkeelbl pkr 
mkrpkrlmfkics trlisilmfkilecs, qufcics bcslgêli eks sfstcjls trfoutlrfks bc Cstlbks bkibc kpcrli, le
utfefzlr jcmlifsjks plrl cvlbfr sus koefhlmfkics fjpksftfvls.
Wls l vcr uil mlsk vljks l vcr ce juibk bkibc sc cimucitrl Ljærfml y el Lsfl (M`fIl) ,citkimcs
ci ce bcofbk gciý
gciýjcik
jcik cstì mkj
mkjkk el hekolefzl
hekolefzlmfýi
mfýi sc bl quc cjprcsls bc el m`fil pucbc vcifr l
trlolnlr l Okefvfl k bc ktrks plêscs pucbci vcifr tljofæi, citkimcs sc bl ui gciýjcik quc sc eeljl
bkoec fjpksfmfýi trfoutlrfl pkrquc lehuiks plêscs lpefmli bfstfitks sfstcjls bc mkork bce FSC quc
`ly bks sfstcjls guibljcitlecs>
El rcitl juibfle quc ski bc eks plêscs jìs rfmks
]fstcjl bc gucitc Ilmfkile bc eks plêscs jìs pkorcs
Bc M`fil sf cstl cjprcsl vl l ktrk plês k le plês quc vlyl l M`fil ce Cstlbk m`fik ec pcrsfhuc
bkibc cstc plrl quc mkorc trfoutks ik ec fitcrcsl býibc ek `lmc pucbc scr CCSS Lecjlifl Okefvfl k
Csplül Jlblhlsmlr ik ec fitcrcsl bkibc cstc ec vl l mkorlr (rcitl juibfle)
Ci mljofk ci eks plêscs pkorcs mkjk elel iucstrl bcmfjks ik pkbcjks `lmcr csk pkrquc juy p pkmks
kmks
okefvfliks vli l cjprcibcr rclejcitc ek quc iksktrks icmcsftljks `lmcr plrl hrlvlr jìs y tcicr 
jlykr rcmlublmfýi cs gucitc Ilmfkile y tkbk eel l rfqucz
rfquczl
l quc sc cgcmtþc ci ols
olsc
c l gucitc okefvflil
okefvflil
quc sc hcicrc ci gucitc okefvflik
okefvflik vl cstlr hrlvl
hrlvlbk
bk fibcpci
fibcpcibfcitc
bfcitc quc scl M`fi
M`fil
l , mkst
mkstlrrfm
lrrfmcisc,
cisc,
 Lghlifstìi , CRM tkbk ek quc sc
sc hcicrc Lquê .
Citkimcs cstks bks ssfstcj
Citkimcs fstcjls
ls l vcmcs sc mr mruzl,
uzl, rcs
rcsuetl
uetl quc uil scü
scükr
kr vfcic l Okefvfl
Okefvfl y mrcl uil
cjprcsl
cjprcs l P , l æstc scükr pkr jl jltcrfle
tcrflefzlr
fzlr `c
`cm`ks
m`ks hhcicrlb
cicrlbkrcs
krcs mkjk el el vcitl `loft
`loftule
ule bc oofcics
fcics
fijucoecs k el prcstlmfýi bc sscrvfmfks
crvfmfks y el utfefblb liule bc Cjprcsls ttfcic
fcic quc plhlr c cee FWL, FSC
FR, pkrquc cstì hcicrlibk ci gucitc tcrrftkrfle ilmfkile ci Okefvfl
Okefvfl , ci mljofk tljofæi el M`fil ik ec
prchuitl sf ec cstìi mkorlibk k ik ci Okefvfl , el M`fil ec bfmc tu crcs mfublblik m`fik pkr tlitk tu

23
 

tfcics quc plhlr bc eels

ls ut
utfefblbcs
fefblbcs quc cs cstls
tls hcicrlibk ci mulequfcr plrtc
plrtc bce juibk ci cscstc
tc mlsk
Okefvfl tfcics quc plhlr FSC , citkimcs rcsuetl quc cstc scükr tfcic quc plhlr pkr ce jfsjk `cm`k `cm`k
hcicrlbkr
hcicrl bkr , hcicrlr rf
rfquczl
quczl ci bks p plêscs
lêscs bf
bfstfit
stfitks
ks plrl csk eks cs
cstlbks
tlbks sc pkpkici
ici bc lmucrbk
lmucrbk l
trlvæs bc ttrltlb
rltlbks
ks ffitcril
itcrilmfkil
mfkilecs
ecs bc prk`fo
prk`fofmfýi
fmfýi bc bk
bkoec
oec fjpksfmfýi
fjpksfmfýi trfou
trfoutlrfl
tlrfl csks trltl
trltlbks
bks
fitcrilmfkilecs ski ce konctk bc cstubfk bce bcrcm`k fitcrilmfkile trfoutlrfk. Lbcjìs rchuel trltlbks
bc fitcrmljofk bc figkrjlmfýi tljofæi quc sfhifgfml eks plrlêsks gfsmlecs pkr el eum`l bc eks plrlêsks
gfsmlecs
gfsmlecs citkim
citkimcs
cs vl `locr trltlbks fitcril
fitcrilmfkil
mfkilecs.
ecs. Rljof
Rljofæi
æi `ly ce bcrcm`k mkjuiftlrf
mkjuiftlrfk
k quc cs
plrtc bce bcrcm`k fitcrilmfkile pþoefmk quc rchuel tcjls trfoutlrfks.
?. »\SÆ ]FHIFGFML T_FIMFTFK
T_FIMFTFK BC GSCIRC OKEFWFLIL V T_FIMFTFK BC _CIRL
_CIRL JSIBFLE;
Ce prfimfpfk bc Gucitc ci Okefvfl
Ci Okefvfl ce prfimfpfk bc Gucitc cstì bcitrk bce krbciljfcitk trfoutlrfk mkjk cnc mcitrle.
]chþi el Ecy 02=>
T_FIMFTFK BC EL GSCIRC
 L_RFMSEK 2?´.- Ci hcicrle y sfi pcrnufmfk bc ek bfspucstk ci eks lrtêmueks sfhufcitcs, ski utfefblbcs
bc gu
guci
citc
tc okef
okefvf
vfli
lil
l lq
lquc
uceeeels
ls quc
quc prprkv
kvfc
fcic
ici
i bc of ofci
cics
cs sftu
sftulb
lbks
ks,, mkek
mkekml
mlbk
bkss k ututfefefz
fzlb
lbks
ks
cmkiýjfmljcitc ci el _cpþoefml1 bc el rclefzlmfýi ci ce tcrrftkrfk ilmfkile bc mulequfcr lmtk k
lmtfvfblb susmcptfoec bc prkbumfr utfefblbcs1 k bc `cm`ks kmurrfbks bcitrk bce eêjftc bc el jfsjl, sfi
tcicr ci mucitl el ilmfkilefblb, bkjfmfefk k rcsfbcimfl bce tftuelr k bc els plrtcs quc fitcrvcihli ci
els kpcrlmfkics, if ce euhlr bc mcecorlmfýi bc eks mkitrltks.
Csk qufcrc bcmfr quc>
○ OFCIC] sftulbks y mkekmlbks ci ce plês.
○ BC_CM@K] cxpektlbks ci ce tcrrftkrfk ilmfkile.
○  LMRFWFBLBC] rclefzlbls ci ce tcrrftkrfk
tcrrftkrfk ilmfkile.
Bcoci plhlr ce fjpucstk l els utfefblbcs, ce FSC.
Els cjprcsls okefvflils pkr csl rlzýi plhli eks fjpucstks ci Okefvfl pkr lmtfvfblbcs bcitrk bc csc
tcrrftkrfk.
Trfimfpfk bc rcitl juibfle k jfxtk
Ce prfimfpfk bc rcitl juibfle supcbftl el pktcstlb trfoutlrfl bce Cstlbk l el cxfstcimfl bc uil
vfimuelmfýi k rcelmfýi bce mkitrfouycitc mki ce Cstlbk.
El rcitl bce mkitrfouycitc rcsfbcitc cs skjctfbl ci su tktlefblb l el fjpksfmfýi bce Cstlbk. Mulibk
ui plês lpefml ce sfstcjl bc rcsfbcimfl, tkbks eks fihrcsks bce mkitrfouycitc, scli ilmfkilecs k
cxtrlincrks, cstìi pktcimflejcitc sunctks l fjpucstk.
Ce prfimfpfk bc rcitl juibfle cs ce jìs hcicrlefzlbk ci el lmtulefblb, y `l sfbk lbkptlbk pkr el
jlykrêl bc els echfselmfkics trfoutlrfls bce juibk. ]fi cjolrhk, su lpefmlmfýi cs ui pkmk mkjpecnl
rcspcmtk bc el pksfofefblb bc rcmlublr cgcmtfvljcitc fihrcsks uofmlbks gucrl bce plês, yl quc bfm`k
sfstcjl rcqufcrc bc lbjfifstrlmfkics trfoutlrfls jìs bcslrrkeelbls y bc el cxfstcimfl bc trltlbks
fitcrilmfkilecs bc fitcrmljofk bc figkrjlmfýi gfsmle.

27
 

Ce prfimfpfk bc rcitl juibfle sc lpkyl ci ce guibljcitk bcjkmrìtfmk bc el fhuleblb bc tkbks eks

`loftlitcs bc ui plês litc el ecy, mkjk mkiscmucimfl bce mule ik scrêl nustk bfsmrfjfilr ci ce trltk
fjpksftfvk citrc qufcics kotfcici el rcitl bcitrk bce plês bc lquceeks quc el kotfcici ci ce cxtcrfkr.
=»MSLIRK] MKIWCIFK]
MKIWCIFK] BC T_K@FOFMFÝ
T_K@FOFMFÝI
I BC BKOEC FJTK]FMFÝI RFCIC OKEFWFL
OKEFWFL;
;
]ki 8 mki Lrhcitfil, hrli Orctlül, _cfik Sifbk,
Sifbk, ]ucmfl, Grlimfl, Csplül, MLI, y Lecjlifl
2. »ECC_
»ECC_ SI MKIWCIFK BC BKOEC FJTK]FMFÝI GF_JLBL TK_ O
OKEFWFL;
KEFWFL;
Ecy I´ ?<804/<680
BKOEC FJTK]FMFKI
Cstlbk bc el Ikrjl> Wfhcitc BLRK] BC TSOEFMLMFKI
  R_LRLBK] FIRC_ILMFKILEC]-OKEFWFL-FJTS
FIRC_ILMFKILEC]-OKEFWFL-FJTSC]RK]-BKOEC
C]RK]-BKOEC FJTK]FMFKI
  Ci usk bc els lt ltrfo
rfoumf
umfkic
kicss mkigc
mkigcrfb
rfbls
ls pkr ce lrt
lrtêmu
êmuek
ek 3tk
3tk.. Bce Cstl
Cstltut
tutk
k plrl ce Trkmcs
Trkmcsk
k bc
_ckrhlifzlmfýi Ilmfkile,
CE T_C]FBCIRC BC EL ILMFKI L_HCIRFIL
 L_RFMSEK <.- Lpruæocsc ce "Mkivcifk citrc el _cpþoefml Lrhcitfil y el _cpþoefml bc Okefvfl plrl
cvftlr el bkoec trfoutlmfýi ci jltcrfl bc fjpucstks skorc el rcitl, hlilimfls k ocicgfmfks y skorc ce
mlpftle y ce pltrfjkifk", susmrfptk ci el mfublb bc ]litl Mruz bc el ]fcrrl (_cpþoefml bc Okefvfl) ce bêl
=4 bc kmtuorc bc <687, muyk tcxtk gkrjl plrtc bc el prcscitc Ecy. Csc mmkivcifk
kivcifk bc Bfchk.
3. »MÝJ
»MÝJK
K LGC
LGCMR
MRL
L L EL R_
R_FO
FOSR
SRLM
LMFÝ
FÝI
I CI OK
OKEF
EFWF
WFL
L CE BC_C
BC_CM@
M@K
K MKJSI
MKJSIFR
FRL_
L_FK
FK
FIRC_ILMFKILE;
Ce bcrcm`k
bcrcm`k mkjuift
mkjuiftlrfk
lrfk fit
fitcrilmf
crilmfkile
kile pkic jì
jìss ci prìmtf
prìmtfml
ml eks prkm
prkmcsks
csks bc fit
fitchrlmf
chrlmfýi
ýi citrc eks
plêscs y sc bl jìs hrlibcs Ilmf Ilmfkics...
kics... mkjk cs ce mlsk bc mkjuifblb Libfil bc Ilmfkics bkibc
rcvf
rcvfscsc el bcm
bcmfs
fsfý
fýii 32
3266 bc el MLI bkib bkibc
c sc trl
trltl
tl lrj
lrjki
kifz
fzlr
lr eks lspcm
lspcmtktkss sust
sustli
limf
mfle
lecs
cs y
prkmcb
prk mcbfjc
fjcitl
itlecs
ecs rcrcspc
spcmtk
mtk l eks fj
fjpuc
pucstk
stkss bc FWL V ek quc trlttrltli
li bc `lmc
`lmcrr cs hlrli
hlrlitfz
tfzlr
lr els
mkibfmfkics bc mkjpctcimfl bc eks plêscs j jfcjorks
fcjorks , kgrcmcr jlykr schurfblb nurêbfml y cstloecmcr 
.......lrjkifzlr ce FWL ci gkrjl hrlbule quc bcocrì scr lbjfifstrlbk pkr mlbl plês jfcjork.
Tkr cncjpek
cncjpek uil bc cstls bf
bfspksf
spksfmfkics
mfkics ek quc cstloecm
cstloecmc
c bc el pcrjutl
pcrjutl ljols TL_RC]
TL_RC] bcocrìi
plhlr ce FWL.
]c lpefmk cstì plrmflejcitc ik tktlejcitc.

28