Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
FARMACOLOGÍA
DEL SISTEMA
NERVIOSO
AUTÓNOMO
Dr. Jorge S. Salas
Semana 2
Al término de la sesión, el estudiante
infiere qué fármacos indicar para prevenir,
diagnosticar, o tratar enfermedades que
involucran al sistema nervioso autónomo
RESULTADO cumpliendo la condición de que éstos
DE posean un óptimo perfil farmacocinético,
farmacodinámico, de eficacia y seguridad.
APRENDIZAJE
REFLEXIÓN DESDE LA EXPERIENCIA
SISTEMA
NERVIOSO
AUTÓNOMO:
ESTRUCTURA
Nn
✓ N. preganglionar
α1 + β1,2,3 (cuerpo en las
α2 - +/- columnas IML)
(80%)
(20%)
✓ N. postganglionar
Nn (cuerpo en el
ganglio autónomo).
M1,3,5
+M2,4
-
Nn
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c
4/e0/8a/c4e08a83f103241d289
2b0b58b4d21c4.jpg
SISTEMA
NERVIOSO Hipotála
AUTÓNOMO: mo
DIVISIONES
SNS:
Segmentos medulares (quimio/barorrecepción)
Compr Physiol
2016;6:1239-78.
SNS
SISTEMA NERVIOSO AUTÓNOMO: RECEPTORES
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo:
Receptores Adrenérgicos
Sistema
Nervioso
Autónomo:
Receptores
Colinérgicos
FÁRMACOS CON ACCIÓN EN EL SNA
SISTEMA NERVIOSO SISTEMA NERVIOSO
SIMPÁTICO PARASIMPÁTICO
α1 +
Directo α2 – M1,3,5 + Directo
β1,2,3 +/- M2,4 -
Antagonista Agonista Agonista Antagonista
Efecto S Efecto PS
Mimético Antagonismo
Lítico Fisiológico
FÁRMACOS
CON ACCIÓN
INDIRECTA
Metoprolol (β1-selective •Rapid complete oral absorption •VD: approximately 4 Extensive 1st- •Urine
β-blocker) •Onset: L/kg pass hepatic •Half-life: 3‒4 hrs (↑ in
• By mouth: 1‒2 hrs •Crosses BBB metabolism hepatic impairment)
• IV: 20 min •Protein binding:
approximately 10%
Carvedilol (mixed α and •Rapid complete oral absorption •VD: 115 L (distributes in Extensive 1st- •Feces
β blockade) •Onset (by mouth): extravascular space) pass hepatic •Half-life: 7‒10 hrs
https://www.lecturio.com/conc • α blockade: 30 min •Protein binding: 98% metabolism
epts/antiadrenergic-drugs/ • β blockade: 1 hr
Medication Mechanism Physiologic effects Indication
Metoprolol Selective β1-blocker •↓ HR •MI
•↓ Contractility •HF with ↓ EF (stable)
•Less effect on bronchial smooth •Angina
muscle •Hypertension (not 1st line)
Simpaticolíticos Alfa y
•AFib
Propranolol Nonselective β- •↓ HR •MI
blocker •↓ Contractility •AP
Beta: Eficacia
•↓ Blood pressure •Hypertension (not 1st line)
•Higher risk of bronchospasm •Migraine prophylaxis
•Essential tremor
•Performance anxiety
•PTSD
•Thyrotoxicosis
Carvedilol Nonselective α- and •↓ HR •HF with ↓ EF (stable)
β-blocker •↓ Contractility •Angina
•Vasodilation •AFib
•↓ Renin release
Prazosin Selective α1-blocker •Vasodilation of arteries and veins •Hypertension (not 1st line)
•↓ Blood pressure •BPH
•Relaxation of bladder muscles •PTSD (off-label use)
Phentolamine Nonselective α- •Vasodilation •Pheochromocytoma
adrenergic antagonist •↓ Blood pressure •Prevention or treatment of extravasation of IV NE
https://www.lecturio.com/conc •↑ HR •Reversal of soft-tissue anesthesia from local
epts/antiadrenergic-drugs/ anesthetics containing a vasoconstrictor
Drug Adverse effects Contraindications
Beta-blockers •Bradycardia •Absolute contraindications:
•Bronchospasm (due to beta-2 blockade with • Asthma
nonselective beta-blockers) • Uncompensated HF and/or cardiogenic shock
Simpaticolíticos Alfa y •HF • 2nd- or 3rd-degree heart block
•Hypotension •Relative contraindications:
•Syncope and/or dizziness • Individuals prone to hypoglycemia
•Impotence/ejaculatory failure • Diabetes
Beta: Seguridad
•Diarrhea • Hypotension
•Heartburn • PVD
•Fatigue • Liver or kidney disease
•Hyperglycemia • Pheochromocytoma (untreated with alpha
•Mask signs of hypoglycemia in diabetics blockade)
•Blurred vision • MG
• Hyperthyroidism
Alpha-1 blockers •Orthostatic hypotension Known hypersensitivity to the drug
(prazosin) •Syncope and/or dizziness
•Headache
•Fatigue
•Nasal congestion
•GI distress
•Edema
•Priapism (prolonged erection)
Nonselective alpha •Same as alpha-1 antagonists, especially •Breastfeeding
antagonists orthostatic hypotension •Cardiovascular conditions that cannot
(phenoxybenzamine, •Reflex tachycardia (due to additional alpha- tolerate hypotension:
https://www.lecturio.com/conc phentolamine) 2 blockade, which causes ↑ NE release) • CHD, Angina, MI
epts/antiadrenergic-drugs/ • HF
Simpaticolíticos Alfa
https://tmedweb.tulane
.edu/pharmwiki/doku.p
hp/alpha_blockers
Simpaticolíticos
Beta: FC/FD
Aplicaciones Terapéuticas
•L-DOPA > Tratamiento del Parkinson, no atraviesa la BHE,
se administra con inhibidores de enz metabolizadores
Carbidopa.
•TIRAMINA > no tiene aplicaciones clínicas pero está
presentes en algunos alimentos > Sd del queso (crisis
hipertensivas en pacientes al consumir queso, en pacientes
con tratamiento de monoaminooxidasa)
•ANTIDEPRESIVOS TRICICLICOS > SD depresivos
SIMPATICOLÍTICOS INDIRECTOS
https://www.lecturio.com/conc
epts/cholinomimetic-drugs/
PARASIMPATIC
OMIMÉTICOS
DIRECTOS EN
INDIRECTOS:
Perfil
Farmacológico
Drug Mechanism Indications Contraindications
https://www.lecturio.com/conc
epts/anticholinergic-drugs/
PARASIMPATICO
LÍTICOS
DIRECTOS E
INDIRECTOS:
Perfil
Farmacológico
Fármacos
con RAM
Parasimpa
-ticolíticas
https://www.lecturio.com/conc
epts/anticholinergic-drugs/
APLIQUEMOS LO APRENDIDO