UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE UCAYALI

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE PSICOLOGÍA

“Teorías
Neurocognitivas”
Curso : Neuropsicología

Docente : Dr. Luis Fernando Cahua Rocca

Estudiante : Dhara Aixa De Souza Sánchez

Mesa : 01
 Jean Piaget
Teoria del aprendizaje

Según la teoría de Piaget, el entorno en el que se halla

la persona, favorece la organización del cerebro y el
desarrollo de las funciones cognitivas, lo cual se
convierte en un estímulo permanente del aprendizaje
Principios del desarrollo

Organización Adaptación
Es una predisposición Todos los organismos nacen
innata en todas las con la capacidad de ajustar sus
especies estructuras mentales

Asimilación Acomodación
Moldea la información Es el proceso de modificar
nueva para que encaje los procesos actuales
en sus esquemas
actuales
Implicaciones para la educación
Uno de los puntos principales de la teoría de Piaget en la
educación es el aprendizaje por descubrimiento. Los niños
aprenden mejor explorando y practicando.

• Los niños aprenden mejor cuando están activos y exploran

su entorno.

• Los niños deben ser desafiados, pero no al punto de

frustrarse.

• El aprendizaje debe ser significativo y relevante para los

niños.

Al comprender cómo los niños aprenden, los educadores

pueden crear entornos de aprendizaje que sean más
estimulantes, desafiantes y significativos para los niños.
Lev Vygotsky
Teoria sociocultural

Lev Vygotsky sostenía que los niños desarrollan

paulatinamente su aprendizaje mediante la interacción
socia.
Zona de Desarrollo Próximo
Zona de desarrollo real
Se describe como lo que puede realizar de manera
independiente.

Zona de desarrollo próximo

Proceso de desarrollo a través de instrucción dirigida.

Zona de desarrollo potencial

Se describe como lo que podría lograr con la
asistencia de un adulto o alguien más competente.
Ley de Doble Formación
Regulación interpsicológica

El niño obtiene conocimiento a través de

sus interacciones con otras personas.

Regulación intrapsicológica

Después, ese conocimiento incorporado

se enriquece con su perspectiva
personal.
 Comparación entre la teoría de Piaget
y la de Vygotsky
VYGOTSKY
- La importancia del aprendizaje colaborativo y
la solución de problemas.
- La importancia del lenguaje egocéntrico de los
niños en la organización y regulación de su
pensamiento.
- Vygotsky destaca el papel de la cultura y el
aprendizaje social en el desarrollo cognitivo.
PIAGET
- Piaget argumenta que el aprendizaje no puede
acelerar el desarrollo cognitivo.
- Piaget lo considera una manifestación de la
incapacidad de los niños para adoptar la
perspectiva de los demás.
- Piaget enfatiza la maduración cognitiva
individual y la interacción con el entorno físico.
 David Ausubel
Teoría del aprendizaje significativo

"El aprendizaje significativo ocurre cuando

conectamos los nuevos conocimientos con nuestros
conocimientos previos, y lo hacemos relevante y útil
para nuestra vida."
Aprendizaje significativo y mecánico

Significativo Mecánico
Se caracteriza por la memorización
El aprendizaje se vuelve sin comprensión. Es como
significativo cuando los nuevos almacenar información en un baúl
conocimientos se integran a la base sin ningún tipo de organización o
de conocimientos preexistente del conexión con otros conocimientos.
estudiante. Es como si las nuevas Al no tener conexiones
ideas se "engancharan" a conceptos significativas, este tipo de
ya conocidos, creando una red de aprendizaje suele ser temporal y
conocimiento más fuerte y superficial.
duradera.
Aprendizaje por descubrimiento y por
recepción

Descubrimiento Recepción
Los estudiantes reciben el
El aprendizaje implica reconstruir
contenido de aprendizaje en su
el conocimiento antes de adquirirlo
forma final y se les pide que lo
y fusionarlo de manera
internalicen, de manera que puedan
significativa con las estructuras
recordarlo y aplicarlo más
cognitivas.
adelante.
 Tipos de aprendizaje significativos
Ausubel distingue 3 tipos:

Representaciones Conceptos Proposiciones

Se refiere a asignar significados a - Forma de conceptos. - Significado denotativo.
ciertos símbolos, como cuando
un niño asigna significados a lo - Asimilación. - Significado connotativo.
que ve en su entorno según sus
referencias.
Jerome Bruner
Teoría por descubrimiento

Para Bruner, el desarrollo cognitivo es un proceso tanto de fuera

hacia dentro como de dentro hacia fuera.
 Key
numbers 02
You can enter a subtitle here if you
need it
 Key numbers

5,000
Mercury is the closest planet
50,000
Venus is the second planet
to the Sun from the Sun
 Our statistics
Mercury
It’s the closest
75
planet to the Sun %

Venus 25
Venus has a
beautiful name
%

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Our statistics
Mercury Mars
It’s the closest 12% 33% Mars is a cold place,
planet to the Sun not hot

Venus Jupiter
Venus has a 24% 31% Jupiter is the biggest
beautiful name planet

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Our numbers

Budget

Clinic $25.70 1 mth

25% Mercury is the Avg. price per Avg. days in
smallest planet patient the clinic

People 45 labs 77 unit

75% Mars is a cold Remaining
Retailers labs
place, not hot inventory
 A brief story
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System
 Milestones reached
Mercury Jupiter
2000 Mercury is the 2010 Jupiter is the biggest 2020
smallest planet planet

1 2 3 4 5

Earth Mars Neptune

It’s the third planet 2005 Mars is a cold place, 2015 Neptune is far away
from the Sun not hot from Earth
Milestones reached
Mars is a cold
2005 Mars place, not hot

Jupiter is the
2010 Jupiter biggest planet

Neptune is far
2015 Neptune away from Earth

Mercury is the
2020 Mercury smallest planet
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get a lot of inspiration
and new ideas.”
—Someone Famous
 “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make the reader
get a lot of inspiration and new ideas.”
—Someone Famous
 Patient
03 care
You can enter a subtitle here if you
need it
 Our process

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the Jupiter is the
smallest planet biggest planet

Mars Neptune
Mars is a cold Neptune is far
place, not hot away from Earth
A picture
is worth a
thousand
words
A picture is worth a thousand words
 Our growth

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the Jupiter is the
smallest planet biggest planet

Mars Neptune
Mars is a cold Neptune is far
place, not hot away from Earth
 Calendar
M T W T F S S
30 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jupiter
It’s the biggest planet in
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
the Solar System

14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Venus
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
28 29 30 31 1 2 3
 Areas we cover

Venus Jupiter
Venus is the second It’s the biggest planet in
planet from the Sun the Solar System

Mars Saturn
Despite being red, Mars Saturn is a gas giant and
is a cold place has several rings
 Services

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun cold place, not hot

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

Jupiter is the biggest It’s composed of Neptune is the farthest
planet of them all hydrogen and helium planet from the Sun
 Services

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun cold place, not hot

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest It’s composed of
planet of them all hydrogen and helium
 04
Results
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Key accomplishments

2005 2010 2015 2020

Mercury Venus Jupiter Mars

It’s the closest planet Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest Mars is actually a
to the Sun planet from the Sun planet of them all very cold place
95%
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 10,000
Venus is the second planet from the Sun

15,000
Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all

25,000
Mars is actually a very cold place
 Innovations
Innovatations

Mercury Jupiter

Mercury is the Jupiter is the Mars is a cold Venus has a

smallest planet biggest planet place, not hot beautiful name
Awesome
words
Awesome
words
Quality
improvement
measures
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a long
text. Your audience will appreciate it
 A picture always
reinforces the concept
Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use
an image instead of a long text. Your audience will
appreciate it
 Testimonials

Jenna Doe Sara James Fred Bloggs Anne Bones

“Despite being red, “Venus is the second “Jupiter is the biggest “Neptune is far away
Mars is a cold place” planet from the Sun” planet” from Earth”
 Testimonials

Name Testimonial
Jenna Doe “Despite being red, Mars is a cold place”

Fred Bloggs “Venus is the second planet from the Sun”

Sara James “Jupiter is the biggest planet”

Anne Bones “Neptune is far away from Earth”

 Awards

2010 2015 2020

Mars Venus Saturn
Despite being red, Mars Venus is the second Saturn is a gas giant
is a cold place planet from the Sun and has several rings
 Awards
Venus Neptune
Venus is the second Neptune is far away
planet from the Sun from Earth

2005 2010 2015 2020

Mars Saturn
Despite being red, Saturn is a gas giant
Mars is a cold place and has several rings
 Schedule

Tasks Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4
 Patient satisfaction
Gender Results
55% 25% 20% Mercury
1.
Male Female Other It’s the closest planet to the Sun

Neptune
Age 2.
It’s the farthest planet from the Sun

20-30 3/5 Mars

3.
31-40 2/5 Mars is a cold place, not hot
 References
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
 Last conclusions

Speaking of craters, many of them were named

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
after artists or authors who made significant
smallest one in the entire Solar System. This
contributions to their respective fields.
planet's name has nothing to do with the liquid
Mercury takes a little more than 58 days to
metal, since Mercury was named after the
complete its rotation, so try to imagine how
Roman messenger god. Despite being closer to
long days must be there! Since the
the Sun than Venus, its temperatures aren't as
temperatures are so extreme, albeit not as
terribly hot as that planet's. Its surface is quite
extreme as in Venus, and the solar radiation is
similar to that of Earth's Moon, which means
so high, Mercury has been deemed to be non-
there are a lot of craters and plains
habitable for humans
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 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

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