Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
elaboradas por:
Andreea CHIRITESCU
Eastern Illinois
University
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25-1 Crecimiento económico
en el mundo
Tasa de crecimiento
Qué tan rápido aumentó el PIB real por persona en
un año típico
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25-2 Productividad: rol y determinantes
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Una familia típica en el Reino Unido, una
economía desarrollada.
Peter Menzel/menzelphoto.com
PBI per capita: $1,040
Tasa de mortalidad infantil: 17.6%
Jóvenes en bachillerato: 31%
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Una familia típica en México, un país de ingresos
medios
Peter Menzel/menzelphoto.com
PBI per capita: $15,390
Tasa de mortalidad infantil: 1.6%
Jóvenes que estudian el bachillerato: 71%
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25-2 Productividad: rol y determinantes
©2015
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25-2 Productividad: rol y determinantes
©2015
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25-2 Productividad: rol y determinantes
©2015
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25-2 Productividad: rol y determinantes
©2015
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
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permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
PAÍSES POBRES
Productividad baja
Los pequeños montos de inversión en capital incrementan de forma
significativa la productividad de los trabajadores
PAÍSES RICOS
Productividad alta
Una inversión adicional de capital tiene un efecto pequeño sobre la
productividad
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
Banco Mundial:
• Fomenta el flujo de capital hacia los países pobres
• Fondos de los países avanzados del mundo
• Hace préstamos a los países menos desarrollados para
carreteras, alcantarillado, escuelas y otros tipos de capital
• Asesoría sobre cómo se pueden utilizar mejor los fondos
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
25-3d Educación
Inversión en capital humano
La brecha entre los salarios de los trabajadores
calificados y no calificados
Costo de oportunidad: salarios no percibidos
Transmite externalidades positivas
Educación pública, grandes subsidios para la
inversión en capital humano
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
©2015
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
Círculo virtuoso
Políticas que conducen a un crecimiento económico más
rápido
Naturalmente mejoran la salud
Lo que a su vez promueve el crecimiento económico
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
Derechos de propiedad
Requisito previo para que funcione el sistema de
precios
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
©2015
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
©2015
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25-3 Crecimiento económico y política pública
Crecimiento de de la población
Impulsor del progreso tecnológico y
la prosperidad económica
Más personas = más científicos,
inventores e ingenieros
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25-4 Conclusión: importancia del crecimiento
en el largo plazo
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Resumen
• Existen grandes diferencias entre los países en
términos de niveles de vida y tasas de crecimiento.
• La productividad (producción por unidad de trabajo)
es el principal determinante de los niveles de vida a
largo plazo.
• La productividad depende del capital físico y
humano por trabajador, de los recursos naturales
por trabajador y del conocimiento tecnológico.
• El crecimiento de estos factores, especialmente el
progreso tecnológico, provoca un crecimiento en los
niveles de vida a largo plazo.
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Resumen
• Las políticas pueden afectar lo siguiente, cada una de
las cuales tiene efectos importantes sobre el
crecimiento:
• Ahorro e inversión
• El comercio internacional
• Educación, salud y nutrición
• Derechos de propiedad y estabilidad política
• Investigación y desarrollo
• Crecimiento de la población
• Debido a los rendimientos decrecientes del capital, el
crecimiento de la inversión eventualmente se ralentiza
y los países pobres pueden "alcanzar" a los ricos.
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