Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Capítulo Cinco
Valoración (Valuación)
Corporate Finance
Ross Westerfield Jaffe
de Bonos y Acciones
5
Sixth Edition
Sixth Edition
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-2
5.1 Introducción
• Principio Básico:
– Valor de los Activos Financieros = Valor Actual
de los flujos de caja esperados.
– Valor = Precio.
• Para valorar Bonos y Acciones es necesario:
– Estimar (conocer) flujos de caja futuros que
promete el Activo Financiero (Flujos de caja
esperados):
• Tamaño (Cuantía) y
• Tiempo (Cuando)
– Descontar los flujos de caja a una tasa adecuada
• La tasa de descuento es la tasa de interés de mercado.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-3
5.1 Introducción
• Clasificación:
• A. Bonos de Descuento Puro
– Bonos cupón cero, ceros, bonos bala
• B. Bonos de Descuento Nivelado
– Bonos con cupón constante
• C. Bonos de Deuda Consolidada
– Consols
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-5
$0 $0 $0 $ 1, 0 0 0
0 1 2 29 30
F $ 1, 000
PV $ 174 . 11
(1 r ) T
(1 . 06 ) 30
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-6
0 1 2 T 1 T
Precio de un bono de cupon nivelado= VP de los cupones +
Valor presente del Valor Facial (F)
C 1 F
PV 1 (1 r ) T (1 r ) T
r
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-7
$ 65 1 $ 1, 000
PV 1 8
8
$ 1 . 097 . 09
0 . 10 / 2 (1 . 05 ) (1 . 05 )
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-8
$8
PV $ 80
0 .10
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-9
Div
P0
r
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-12
D iv 3 D iv 2 (1 g ) D iv 0 (1 g ) 3
..
.
Como los dividendos crecen a una tasa constante, el
cálculo del valor (Precio) de estas acciones es similar
al cálculo del Valor Presente de una perpetuidad
creciente:
Div 1
P0
rg
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-13
– Veamos…..
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-14
C (1 g 1 ) T
PA 1 T
r g1 (1 r )
Más el valor descontado de una perpetuidad que crece a
una tasa g2 que se inicia en el año N+1
Div N 1
r g2
PB
(1 r ) N
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-15
Div N 1
C (1 g1 ) T r g 2
P 1 T
r g1 (1 r ) (1 r ) N
Importante:
Reemplar adecuadamente los valores:
Tiempo, Tasas y los Flujos (Dividendos)
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-16
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-17
$ 2 (1 .08) (1 .04 ) 3
$ 2 (1 .08) (1 .08)
3
.12 .04
P 1 3
.12 .08 (1 .12 ) (1 .12 ) 3
P $ 54 1 . 8966
$ 32 . 75
3
(1 . 12 )
P $ 5 .5 8 $ 2 3 .3 1 P $ 2 8 .8 9
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-18
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-19
BONOS
1. El Precio (Valor) de un Bono cupón cero es:
F
PV
(1 r ) T
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-20
C 1 F
PV 1 (1 r ) T (1 r ) T
r
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-21
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-22
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-23
FIN
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.