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1-76
CAPÍTULO D
DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS EN TRACCIÓN
Nota: Para los casos que no se incluyen en este capítulo, aplican las siguientes secciones:
B3.11 Miembros sometidos a fatiga.
Capítulo H Miembros sometidos a combinación de tracción axial y flexión.
J3 Barras con hilo.
J4.1 Elementos de conexión en tracción.
J4.3 Resistencia de ruptura de bloque de corte en conexiones en extremos de
miembros en tracción.
Nota: Para miembros diseñados en tracción, la razón de esbeltez L/r, es preferible que
no exceda de 300. Esta sugerencia no se aplica a barras o colgadores en tracción.
Donde:
Ae = área neta efectiva, cm2 (mm2).
Ag = área bruta del miembro, cm2 (mm2).
Fy = tensión de fluencia mínima especificada, kgf/cm2 (MPa).
Fu = tensión última mínima especificada, kgf/cm2 (MPa).
Cuando sean usadas conexiones con soldaduras de tapón, de ranura, o de filete, el área neta
efectiva a través de las perforaciones será la usada en la Ecuación D2-2
TABLE D3.1
TABLA D3.1
16.1-30
ShearFactor
Lag Factors for Connections
de Corte Diferido
PIN-CONNECTED MEMBERS
para
[Sect. D5.
Conexiones de Miembros
to Tension Members en Tracción
Case
Caso Descriptiondel
Descripción of Elemento
Element Shear
Factor deLag Diferido,UU
CorteFactor, Example
Ejemplo
1 Todos
All los miembros
tension members en tracción
where the
TABLE D3.1
donde la cargaload
tension es transmitida
is trans-
mitted Shear Lag Factors for Connections
directamente a cada
directly uno de
to each of los
theelementos U = 1.0
de la sección
cross-sectional por
elements –
by fasteners or welds (except as in Cases 4, 55 and
conectores o soldaduras (excepto en los Casos 3, 4, y 6) 6).
2 All tension
Todos members,en
los miembros
toHSS,
except
Tension
tracción, wheretubos,
excepto the
Members x
Case tension
donde la load
cargais transmitted
Description to some
of Element
es transmitida por sólo not all ofShear Lag Factor, U
butalgunos Example x
the cross-sectional
de los elementos deelementsla sección bypor
fasteners
1 All tension members where the tension load is trans-
or byo
conectores
longitudinal
mitted directly towelds
soldaduras in the
combination
Alternativamente,
each of withelements
el Caso
cross-sectional 7transverse
es permi- U = 1.0 x –
U =1 −
welds.
bytido Alternatively,
para
fasteners perfiles
or welds W, Case
M, Sas
(except y7HP
inisCases
permitted for6).
(Para4,ángulos,
5 and W,se l
2 AllM, S andelmembers,
permite
tension HP
usoshapes.
del Caso (For
except angles,
8.HSS, whereCase
the 8 is x
permitted
tension loadtois be used.) to some but not all of
transmitted x
the cross-sectional elements by fasteners or by xx
longitudinal welds in combination with transverse x
U =1 −
3 welds.
All Alternatively,
tension
Todos members
los miembros Case 7tracción
is permitted
where
en for W,
the tension
donde laload is
carga U =l 1.0 and
y
M,esS transmitida
and HP shapes.
transmitted onlypor (For angles, transversales
bysoldaduras
transverse Case
welds8 to
is some but
a sólo An = área
areade
oflos
theelementos
directly –
permitted
not to be used.)
all of elementos
algunos the cross-sectional elements.
de la sección. conectadoselements
connected directamente x
x
4[a] Plates,
Planchas, angles, channels
ángulos, canaleswithconwelds at heels,entees,
soldaduras
and W-shapes withwhere
connected te elements, where U = 1.0 and
( )
3 bordes
All tension extremos,
members secciones y doble
the tension loadteis con ele-
the tension
transmitted
mentos load
only by is
adosados, transmitted
transverse
donde lawelds bytolongitudinal
tensión some but
es transmitidaAn = area of the3l 2
directly x – Placa o
welds
not only.
all of See Caselongitudinales.
thesoldaduras 2 for
cross-sectional definitionVer
elements. –
of Caso
x. 2 U = elements 1 − l
connected Elemento
solo por 2
3l + w 2 conectado
para la
4[a] Plates, definición
angles, de x.with welds at heels, tees,
channels
and W-shapes with connected elements, where
5
the tension load is transmitted by longitudinal
welds only. See Case 2 for definition of x–.
Round HSS with con
Tubos redondos a single
sólo concentric
una placa gusset con-
U=
2
3l 2 x
1− l
w 21.3D, U = 1.0
3l +l ≥
( )
gusset plate
céntrica, conthrough
soldadurasslotsdeinranura
the HSS.
al tubo. x
D ≤ l < 1.3D, U = 1 −
l
D
5 Round HSS with a single concentric l ≥ 1.3D, U =x1.0
=
π
gusset plate through slots in the HSS. x
6 Rectangular HSS. with
Tubo Rectangular a single
con sólo placa gusset D ≤ l < 1.3D, U = 1 − l
una concentric x
l ≥DH, U = 1 −
gusset plate
concéntrica x = l
π 2
B + 2BH
6 Rectangular HSS. with a single concentric x= x
l ≥ H, U = 1 −4(B + H )
gusset plate l
with two placas
con dos side gusset plates
gusset con- 2
B + 2BH x
x= l ≥ H, U = 1 −
céntricas 4(B + H ) l
with two side gusset plates xB
2
l ≥ H, U x= =
1−
l +H)
4(B
B2
7 Perfiles
W-, M-,W,S-M,orSHP- o HP, with
con ala conectada
flange con 3 with
connected x =b ≥ 2 d, U = 0.90
f B +H)
4(
o T cortadas
shapes, a partir
or tees o más or
cut three conectores por línea per
more fasteners 3
2 –
7 W-,de
from estos perfiles
M-,these HP- withline
S- or shapes. en la
flangedirección
in the de carga
direction
connected of loadingbf ≥ bd, <U 2
with = 0.90
d, U = 0.85
(Si
shapes,U es calculado 3 f
(If U is orcalculated
tees cut three or more fasteners per 3 –
según
from Caso
these 2,
shapes.se line in the direction of loading 2
per Case 2, the con alma b < d, U = 0.85
utilizariselper- with
U is calculated
(Ifpermite webconectada
connected conwith
4 o four f
3
larger value más
or moreconectores en laper
fasteners dirección
line in U = 0.70 –
per Casevalor)
mayor 2, the withdeweb connected with four
mitted to be used.) thecarga
direction
larger value is per- or more fastenersof perloading
line in U = 0.70 –
mitted to be
Ángulos used.) the con
simples 4four
directiono más
of conectores por línea
8 Single and double with or loading
more fasteners per U = 0.80 –
8 (Si U and
angles.
Single es calculado enfour
double withline laindirección
orthe de carga
direction
more fastenersof per
loading U = 0.80 –
(Ifsegún
U isCaso
angles. 2, se line in the direction of loading
calculated with
con 2three fastenerspor
o 3 conectores perlínea
lineenin
permite
U isCase
(Ifper utilizar
calculated el
2, the withthe
lathree fasteners
direction
dirección de of per line inmenos
loading
carga (con (with
per mayor
Case valor)
larger value 2, the the fewer
direction of loading (with –
larger value to fewer de tresthan three por
conectores fasteners
línea enper la U = 0.60 –
is permitted than three U = 0.60
is permitted to line in the
dirección lafasteners
dedirection ofper
carga, usar loading,
Caso 2)
be used.) line in the direction of loading,
use Case 2)
be used.) use Case 2)
B ==
B = overall
ancho total
overall width
width
del oftubo rectangular,HSS
rectangular
of rectangular
medido
HSS member,
90º respecto
member, measured
measured
al plano90°de conexión, cm (mm);
to theofplane
90° to the plane the connection,
= diámetro exterior
of theDconnection,
in. (mm); Din. (mm);
= outside = outside
de laDseción
diameter
cilíndrica, cm
of diameter of
(mm); H
round
round = altura
HSS,
HSS, total
in.in.(mm); del
(mm); H tubo = rectangular,
=H overalloverallheight medido
height of en el plano
rectangular
of rectangular HSSdemember,
conexión,
HSS cm (mm);
member,
measured d=altura
measured
in de
in la
the plane ofsección,
the plane
the cm
of (mm); para secciones
the connection,
connection, in. (mm); in.T,(mm);
d
—
d=altura
= de
depth la
of sección
section, desde
in. la
(mm); cual la
for T fue
tees, cortada,
d = cm
depth (mm);
of the l = longitud
section de
from conexión,
which cm
the (mm);
tee was w
d = depth of section, in. (mm); for tees, d = depth of the section from which the tee was cut, in. (mm); l = length of connection, =
cut,ancho
in. plancha,
(mm); l = cm (mm);
length of x = excentri-
connection,
–
cidad
in.
in. de conexión,
(mm);
(mm); ww= =width
width cm
of of(mm).
plate,
plate, in. (mm);
in. (mm); x– = eccentricity
x = eccentricity of connection,
of connection, in. (mm).in. (mm).
l1l ++l 2l 2
ll == 1 , ,where
,donde yl1l2 and
l1l1 and nol 2 deben ser menorbea than
4less
veces la dimensión dela soldadura.
[a]
[a]
where shall not
l 2 shall be
notless 4than
times 4 the
timesweld size.
the weld size.
22
Specification for Structural
Specification Steel Buildings,
for Structural July 7, 2016
Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
Especificación
AMERICAN para Construcciones
INSTITUTE de Acero, Julio 7, 2016
OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
American Institute of Steel Construction
[CAP. D] DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS EN TRACCIÓN 79-16.1
(c) Para aplastamiento en el área proyectada del pasador, ver Sección J7.
(d) Para fluencia en la sección bruta, usar Sección D2(a).
2. Requerimientos Dimensionales
Los miembros conectados mediante pasadores deberán cumplir los siguientes requerimientos:
(a) La perforación del pasador debe estar localizada a media distancia entre los bordes
del miembro en la dirección normal a la fuerza aplicada.
(b) Cuando se espera que el pasador permita el movimiento relativo entre las partes
conectadas bajo máxima carga, el diámetro de la perforación del pasador no debe ser
1 mm más grande que el diámetro del pasador.
(c) El ancho de la plancha donde se encuentra la perforación del pasador no debe ser menor
que 2be + d. La mínima extensión, a, más allá del extremo sometido a aplastamiento
de la perforación del pasador, paralelo al eje del miembro, no debe ser menor que
1,33be.
(d) Las esquinas más allá de la perforación del pasador están permitidas de ser cortadas en
45º respecto del eje del miembro, siempre que el área neta más allá de la perforación
del pasador, en un plano perpendicular al corte, no sea menor que la requerida más
allá de la perforación del pasador paralelo al eje del miembro.
D6. BIELAS
1. Resistencia en Tracción
La resistencia disponible en tracción de bielas debe ser determinada de acuerdo con la
Sección D2, con Ag tomado como el área de la sección del cuerpo.
Para propósitos de cálculo, el ancho del cuerpo de las bielas no debe exceder 8 veces su
espesor.
2. Requerimientos Dimensionales
Las bielas deben cumplir los siguientes requerimientos:
(a) Las bielas deben ser de espesor uniforme, sin refuerzo en las perforaciones de pa-
sadores, y con una cabeza circular con la periferia concéntrica a la perforación del
pasador.
(b) El radio de transición entre la cabeza circular y el cuerpo de la biela no debe ser menor
que el diámetro de la cabeza.
(c) El diámetro del pasador no debe ser menor que 7/8 veces el ancho del cuerpo de la
biela, y el diámetro de la perforación del pasador no debe ser 1 mm (1/32 plg) mayor
que el diámetro del pasador.
(d) Para aceros que poseen Fy mayores que 4950 kgf/cm2 (485 MPa), del diámetro de la
perforación no debe exceder cinco veces el espesor de plancha, y el ancho del cuerpo
de la biela debe ser reducido de acuerdo con esto.
(e) Un espesor de menos de 13mm (1/2 plg) es permitido solamente si son provistas
tuercas extremas para fijar planchas de pasador y planchas de relleno en zonas de
contacto estrecho.
(f) El ancho desde el borde de la perforación hasta el borde de la plancha perpendicular
en la dirección de la carga aplicada debe ser mayor que dos tercios del cuerpo de
la biela, y, para propósitos de cálculo, no mayor que tres cuartas veces el ancho del
cuerpo de la biela.
CAPÍTULO E
DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS EN COMPRESIÓN
Nota: Para miembros que no se incluyen en este capítulo, aplican las siguientes secciones:
H1- H2 = Miembros solicitados a combinación de compresión axial y flexión.
H3 = Miembros solicitados a compresión axial y torsión.
I2 = Miembros compuestos cargados axialmente
J4.4 = Resistencia de compresión de elementos de conexión.
TABLE USER
TABLA NOTE
NOTA E1.1 E1.1
Selection Table
Aplicaciones de lasfor the Application
Secciones ofE
del Capítulo
Chapter E Sections
Without Slenderesbeltos
Sin elementos Elements With Slender Elements
Con elementos esbeltos
E3 FB E7 LB
E4 TB FB
TB
E3 FB E7 LB
E4 FTB FB
FTB
E3 FB E7 LB
FB
E3 FB E7 LB
FB
E3 FB E7 LB
E4 FTB FB
FTB
E6 E6
E3 FB E7 LB
E4 FTB FB
FTB
E5 E5
E3 FB N/A N/A
Secciones Asimétricas,
Unsymmetrical shapes E4 FTB E7 LB
distintas de ángulos simples
other than single angles FTB
FB == pandeo
flexural por
buckling,
flexión,TB
TB == torsional buckling,FTB
pandeo torsional, FTB==pandeo
flexural-torsional buckling,
flexotorsional, LB = local
LB = pandeo local,buckling,
N/A = not
N/A = applicable
no aplica
Especificación paraStructural
Specification for Construcciones Julio7,7,2016
de Acero,July
Steel Buildings, 2016
American
AMERICAN Institute OF
INSTITUTE of Steel Construction
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Sect. E3.] FLEXURAL BUCKLING OF MEMBERS WITHOUT SLENDER ELEMENTS 16.1-35
KL
Lc E Fy
(a)
(a)Cuando
When ≤ 4.71 (or ≤ 2.25 )
r Fy Fe
( )
Fy
(b) KL Fy
(b)Cuando
L E
When c > 4.71 (or > 2.25 )
r Fy Fe
Sect. Donde
E4.] TORSIONAL AND FLEXUAL-TORSIONAL BUCKLING 16.1-37
where
where
Cww
C = constante de alabeo,in.
= warping constant, cm (mm6 )
6(mm 6) 6 6
C w
where = warping 6
constant, in. (mm )
π 22 E
F
F
Cexex
w =
= warping π E 2constant, in.6 (mm6) (E4-5)
Fex = ⎛ L cx ⎞ 2 (E4-5)
⎛⎜ Lπ 2cxE⎞⎟
Fex = ⎜⎝ rx ⎟⎠ 2 (E4-5)
⎝⎛ Lrx ⎠⎞
cx
2
F = π E
Feyey = ⎜⎝ πr2x E⎟⎠ (E4-6)
Fey = ⎛ L cy ⎞ 22 (E4-6)
⎛ Lπ 2 E⎞
Fey = ⎜⎜⎝ rcyy ⎟⎟⎠ 2 (E4-6)
⎝⎛ Lrcyy ⎠⎞
⎛⎜π 2rEC ⎟
y ⎠w + GJ⎞
1
Fezez =
F = ⎛⎜⎝π 2 EC 2w ⎞⎟ 1 2 (E4-7)
Fez = ⎜⎝ L cz2 + GJ⎟⎠ Ag ro2 (E4-7)
⎝⎛ πLEC 2
cz w ⎠⎞ Ag1ro
= shear + GJ of elasticity
F Gez
G = módulo
⎜ L 2modulus
⎝ elástico
czmodulus⎠ of
⎟ de corte
ro2 del acero
Agelasticity
of steel = 11,200
=790000 kgf/cm (77200
ksi 2(77 MPa) (E4-7)
200 MPa)
G H = shear
= flexural constant of steel = 11,200 ksi (77 200 MPa)
H = Constante
= shear
flexural deflexión
H = 2 constant of elasticity of steel = 11,200 ksi (77 200 MPa)
G xmodulus
o2 + y o2
2
H = flexural
=
=1−
1 − xo +constant
ro22y o
(E4-8)
(E4-8)
Ix, Iy = 1moment x 2 r+oof yo2inertia about the principal axes, in.4 (mm4)
=
= moment− o 2of inertia 4 4 (E4-8)
IIJx,, IIy
x y
= momento
= torsional ro de inercia about
constant, en thede
in.4torno
(mm 4principal axes, in. (mm4 )
) los ejes principales, cm (mm4)
JIJ
Kx,x Iy = moment
= torsional
= constante
effective of constant,
torsional,
length
inertia factor
about
4
in. (mm
cm4 for
(mm 4
4 )
)principal
flexural
the buckling
axes, in.about
4
(mmx-axis
4
)
K Kxy = effective length factor for flexural buckling about x-axis
= factor de longitud efectiva para pandeo por flexión respecto del eje x.
effective length factor 4 for flexural buckling about
JK = torsional constant, in. (mm 4
) y-axis
K Kxy =
= effective
effective length factor
length factor forfor flexural
torsional
forpara
flexural buckling
buckling
buckling about
about y-axis
the longitudinal
x-axis axis
K xz = factor de longitud efectiva pandeo por flexión respecto del eje y. axis
K
KLcx yz =
= effective
K L
effective = length
effective
length factor
length
factor for
of
for torsional
member
flexural buckling
for buckling
buckling about
about
about the longitudinal
x-axis,
y-axis in. (mm)
Kcx y = factor
x x
de longitudlength efectiva para pandeo torsional respecto del eje longitudinal
LKLcy z = K
KxyL Lxy =
= effective = effective
effective
length factorlengthfor of
of member
torsionalfor
member for buckling
buckling
buckling about
about
about thex-axis,
y-axis, in.
in. (mm)
longitudinal (mm) axis
z
L Lcx = = KK LL = = longitud
effective
xyLxy = effective length
efectiva
length
length del
of
of miembro
member
member para
for
for pandeo
buckling
buckling respecto
about
about del
y-axis, eje
in.
longitudinal x,(mm)
cm (mm).
axis,
Lcy cz
cx = K xz xz of member for buckling about x-axis, in. (mm)
L Lcy cz = =K
= K
in. L z==longitud
zLLy(mm)= effective efectiva del miembro para pandeo respecto del eje y, cm (mm).
length of member for buckling about longitudinal axis,
L cy K yy y effective length of member for buckling about y-axis, in. (mm)
L Lczcz =
,
x y z L , L = Kin.
K L
laterally
L
zz z z
=
(mm)= longitud
unbraced
effective efectivalength
length del miembro
of the member
of member parabuckling
for pandeo
for eachrespecto
aboutaxis, del
in. eje
(mm)
longitudinal longitudinal,
axis,
L rxo, Ly, Lz = = cm
polar
in. (mm).
laterally(mm) radiusunbraced lengthabout
of gyration of thethe member for each
shear center, in.axis,
(mm) in. (mm)
= polar radius of gyration
L Lrxxo,, LLyy, ,LLz, = longitud
z = laterally lateral
I x + no
unbraced lengthabout
I y arriostrada thethe
of del shear center,
miembro
member para in.axis,
cada
for each (mm)
eje, cm
in. (mm)
(mm)
r 2
= 2
x o2 + de 2
+ I x polar
yradius (E4-9)
rroo2 = radio
= polar
= x o + yo + Ag y
o2 giro of en
+ Igyration torno al
about centro
the de
shear corte, cm
center, (mm)
in. (mm) (E4-9)
o
rx 2 = radius I x A+gI y about x-axis, in. (mm)
of gyration
rrrxo =
= x o2 + yo2of+ gyration about x-axis, in. (mm)
radius (E4-9)
y = radius of gyration Ag about y-axis, in. (mm)
rrrxyxxo , yo =
= radius
= radio
coordinates
radius deofofgirogyration
en the
of
gyration tornoabout
al eje
shear
about y-axis,
x, cmwith
center
x-axis, in.
(mm)
in. (mm)
respect to the centroid, in. (mm)
(mm)
xr o, yo = coordinates of the shear center with respect to the centroid, in. (mm)
ryy = radio
= radiusdeofgiro en torno
gyration al ejey-axis,
about y, cm in.(mm) (mm)
xxo,, yUser yo Note:
= coordinates
= coordenadas
For doubly
delthe
of symmetric
centro
shear decenter
corte
I-shaped
con
sections,
withrespecto
respect altocentroide,
the may bein.
Cwcentroid, taken as
cm (mm)(mm)
o User Note: For
Ioyho2/4, where ho doubly symmetric
is the distance I-shaped
between flangesections,
centroids,Cw mayin lieubeoftaken a moreas
2
IUser
h
precise/4, where h is the distance between flange centroids, in lieu of a more
Paraanalysis. For tees and double Cangles, omit the como
Cterm Iwith w when
Ctaken
y o Note: Foro doubly
Nota: secciones I con simetría
symmetric doble I-shapedpuedesections,
tomarse w may , donde
h 2be es la
hoas
precise analysis. For tees and double angles,
w omit the term with
y o Cwa when
distancia
computing entre ez F los ocentroideso de las alas, en lugar de realizar un análisis más preciso.
and take x as 0.
2
I h
y o /4, where h is the distance between flange centroids, in lieu of more
Para computing
secciones
precise analysis.FT ez yanddoble
Fortake teesxo as
ángulos,and0.sedouble
omite el término
angles, con the
omit Cw cuando
term with se calcula
Cw when Fez y se
(d) toma For Xo comoF0.
members
computing with
ez and lateral
take xbracing
o as 0. offset from the shear center, the elastic buck-
(d) For ling members
stress, Fe,with shalllateral bracing offset
be determined from the shear center, the elastic buck-
by analysis.
(d) For members with lateral bracing offset fromfuera
(d) ling Para
stress,miembros
F e , shall con
be arriostramiento
determined by lateral
analysis. del centro
the shear center,dethe corte, la tensión
elastic buck- de
Userpandeo
Note:Felástica, Fe,with
deberá ser determinada
offsetpor análisis.
ling stress, eMembers
, shall be lateral
determined bracing
by analysis. from the shear center are suscep-
User
Nota: toNote:
tible Los Members
miembros conwith
constrained-axis un lateralbuckling,
bracing offset
arriostramiento
torsional whichfrom
lateral fuera the
delshear
incenter
centro
is discussed areson
de corte
the suscep-
suscep-
Commentary.
tibles
tibleatoun pandeo torsional
constrained-axis en un
torsionaleje restringido,
buckling, which lo cual
is es discutido
discussed in theen el Comentario.
Commentary.
User Note: Members with lateral bracing offset from the shear center are suscep-
tible to constrained-axis torsional buckling, which is discussed in the Commentary.
Especificación para Construcciones de Acero, Julio 7, 2016
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
American Institute of Steel Construction
A
Specification
MERICANfor INSTITUTE
StructuralOF STEEL
Steel CONSTRUCTION
Buildings, July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
16.1-86 DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS EN COMPRESIÓN [CAP. E]
16.1-38 SINGLE-ANGLE COMPRESSION MEMBERS [Sect. E5.
16.1-38 cuando b/t ≤ 0,71 √E/Fy [Sect. E5.
SINGLE-ANGLE COMPRESSION MEMBERS
E5. ÁNGULOS SIMPLE EN COMPRESIÓN
E5.
SINGLE-ANGLE
La resistencia nominalCOMPRESSION
de compresión, Pn,MEMBERS
para ángulos simples debe ser el menor valor
E5. basado
SINGLE-ANGLE COMPRESSION MEMBERS
en los estados límites de pandeo por flexión de acuerdo con la Sección E3 o la Sección
The nominal compressive strength, Pn, of single-angle members shall be the lowest
E7, según corresponda, o para el pandeo flexo-torsional de acuerdo con la Sección E4. El
The nominal
value based oncompressive strength,
the limit states Pn, ofbuckling
of flexural single-angle memberswith
in accordance shallSection
be the E3 lowest
or
pandeo flexo-torsional no necesita ser considerado cuando b/t ≤ 0,71 √E/Fy 0,71 E/Fy.
value based
Section E7, asonapplicable,
the limit states of flexural buckling
or flexural-torsional in accordance
buckling in accordancewith with
Section E3 or
Section
Los efectos
Section
E4. E7,deaslaapplicable,
excentricidad
Flexural-torsional or en
buckling ángulos
not simples
flexural-torsional
need pueden when
buckling
be considered serindespreciados
b/t ≤ 0.71 ywith
accordance Easí
/Fevaluarse
ySection
.
como un miembro cargado
E4. Flexural-torsional axialmente,
buckling mediante
need not el uso de when
be considered una deb/tlas≤razones
0.71 Ede /Fyesbeltez
.
efectivas
The effectsespecificadas en las
of eccentricity on Secciones
single-angleE5(a) o E5(b),
members arelaspermitted
que deben tocumplir las disposi-
be neglected and
ciones siguientes:
The
the effects
member of eccentricity
evaluated as on
axiallysingle-angle
loaded members
using one of are
the permitted
effective to be neglected
slenderness and
ratios
the member
specified evaluated
in Section as or
E5(a) axially
E5(b),loaded using
provided thatone
theof the effective
following slenderness
requirements ratios
are met:
(1) Los miembros comprimidos, deben estar cargados a través de la misma ala en sus
specified in Section E5(a) or E5(b), provided that the following requirements are met:
extremos;
(1) Members are loaded at the ends in compression through the same one leg.
(2) Members
(1)
(2) Los miembros
Members are debenby
areattached
loaded atestar
the conectados
ends or
welding in by por soldadura
compression
connections o por
through
with lo menos
the same con
a minimum one dos pernos;
leg.bolts.
of two
(2)There
(3)
(3) Members
No are areintermediate
existen
no attached
cargas by welding
transversales or by connections with a minimum of two bolts.
intermedias.
transverse loads.
(3) There are no intermediate transverse loads.
(4) Lc/r determinado según esta Sección no debe ser mayor a 200.
(4) Lc /r as determined in this section does not exceed 200.
(4) Lc /runequal
(5) as determined in thisratio
section doesleg not exceed 200.leg width is less than 1.7.
(5) ForPara ángulosleg angles,
con alasthedistintas,oflalong width
razón entre to short
el ala más larga y la ala más corta debe
(5) For serunequal
menor aleg angles, the ratio of long leg width to short leg width is less than 1.7.
1.7.
Single-angle members that do not meet these requirements or the requirements
Ángulos
Single-angle
described simples
in Section que no
members cumplan
thatordo(b)con
E5(a) not estos
meet
shall berequisitos
these
evaluated o for
con combined
requirements los requerimientos
or the descritos
requirements
axial load and
en la Sección
described
flexure using E5(a)
in the
Section o E5(b)deberán (b)ser
E5(a)oforChapter
provisions evaluados
shall usando las
H.be evaluated fordisposiciones
combined axial del Capitulo
load andH
sobre
flexureflexión
usingcombinada
the provisions con carga axial H.
of Chapter
(a) For angles that are individual members or are web members of planar trusses
(a)
(a) with
ForPara ángulos
angles
adjacent that
webqueareson miembros
individual
members individuales
members
attached oare
to theorsame almas
webde
side enrejados
ofmembers
the gusset ofplanos
planar
plate con miem-
or trusses
chord
bros adyacentes del alma, conectada al mismo lado de
with adjacent web members attached to the same side of the gusset plate or chord la plancha gusset o cordón.
(1) For equal-leg angles or unequal-leg angles connected through the longer leg
(1) Para ángulos de alas iguales o ángulos de alas desiguales conectado en la mayor
(1) For equal-leg angles or unequal-leg angles connected through the longer leg
(i) When de las L alas
≤ 80
(i)(i) When aL ≤ 80
Cuando: r
ra Lc L
= 72 + 0.75 (E5-1)
rL c = 72 + 0.75raL (E5-1)
r ra
(ii) When L > 80
(ii)(ii) WhenraL > 80
Cuando:
ra Lc L
= 32 + 1.25 (E5-2)
rL c = 32 + 1.25raL (E5-2)
r ra
(2)(2)
For Para ángulos con
unequal-leg alas desiguales
angles connectedconectados
through athe través del alaleg,
shorter corta,
Lc /r de las
Lc/rfrom
ForEcuaciones
(2)Equations E5-1E5-1
unequal-leg yE5-2
E5-2shall
andangles debebe serincreased
connected aumentados
throughbythe agregando
addingshorter4[[4(bt/bs)2 1], from
–1],
/bs)2L−c /r
(blleg, pero
but
c /r Lof
LEquations c
de members
/rthe los
E5-1 miembros
andshall
E5-2nonot
debe beser
shall be menor
increased
taken que than
as less 0,95L/r
by adding . 4z[.(bl /bs)2 − 1], but
0.95L/r
z
(b) ForPara
/r of theque
Lcángulos members shall not be taken
son members
alma de secciones
as less than 0.95L/r z. con miembros
(b) angles that are web of box orcajón
spaceo trusses
enrejados espaciales
with adjacent web mem-
(b)bers
Foradyacentes
angles that
attached deare
to alma
the webconectada
same side ofalthe
members mismo
of box lado
or
gusset spacede laor
plate plancha
trusses
chordwith gusset o cordón:
adjacent web mem-
(1) (1) Para ángulos de alas iguales o para ángulos de alasthrough
desiguales
the conectados
longer leg a
bers attached to the same side of the gusset plate or chord
For equal-leg angles or unequal-leg angles connected
través de la ala más larga
(1) For equal-leg angles or unequal-leg angles connected through the longer leg
L
(i)
(i)Cuando:
When ≤ 75
L
(i) When ra ≤ 75
ra Lc L
= 60 + 0.8 (E5-3)
rL c = 60 + 0.8raL (E5-3)
r ra
Especificación para Construcciones de Acero, Julio 7, 2016
American Institute of Steel Construction
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
Sect. E6.] BUILT-UP MEMBERS 16.1-39
[CAP.
Sect. E6.]E] DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS
BUILT-UP EN COMPRESIÓN
MEMBERS 87-16.1
16.1-39
Whena a ≤ 40
i) Cuando
(1)(1)When ≤ 40
ri ri
⎛ L⎛⎜c L⎞ c ⎟⎞ ⎛=L⎛⎜ cL⎞ c ⎞⎟ (E6-2a)
(E6-2a)
⎜⎝ ⎝ ⎟ ⎠= ⎜ ⎝ ⎟ ⎠
r ⎠r m m ⎝ r ⎠r o o
Whena a > 40
ii) Cuando
(2)(2)When > 40
ri ri
2 2
L⎛⎜cL⎞ c ⎞⎟ =⎛ L⎛⎜cL⎞ c ⎞⎟ ⎛+K⎛⎜i aK⎞i a ⎞⎟
2 2
⎛ (E6-2b)
⎜⎝ =
⎝ ⎟ ⎠ ⎜ ⎝ ⎟ ⎠ + ⎝ ⎠ (E6-2b)
r ⎠r m m ⎝ r ⎠r o o⎜⎝ ri r⎟⎠i
where where
Donde
⎛ L⎛⎜c ⎞c =
L ⎞
esbeltez modificada
= modified de columna
slenderness ratio ofpara el miembro
built-up member armado
⎜⎝ ⎝ ⎟ ⎟⎠= modified slenderness ratio of built-up member
r ⎠r m m
⎛ L⎛⎜c ⎞ c ⎞⎟= = esbeltez
L
= slenderness ratio
de columnaof of
delbuilt-up
miembro member
armado acting
as as
actuando acomo
unit in
thethe
in una buckling
unidad en la
⎜⎝ ⎝ ⎟⎠r ⎠ o slenderness ratio built-up member acting a unit buckling
r o direccióndirection de
direction pandeo
being
being considerado.
addressed
addressed
LLc Lc = effective length of built-up member, in. (mm)
= = longitud
effectiveefectiva delbuilt-up
length of miembromember,
armado, in.
cm(mm)
(mm)
c
KKi Ki = 0.50
forfor angles back-to-back
i
= = 0,50
0.50
= para
0.75
angles
ángulos
for
back-to-back
espalda-espalda
channels back-to-back
= 0.75 for channels back-to-back
= 0,75
= parafor
0.86 canales
all espalda-espalda
other cases
= 0.86 for all other cases
= 0,86 para otros
= distance casos connectors, in. (mm)
between
a a = distance between connectors, in. (mm)
ra i ri = = distancia
minimumentre
= minimum conectores,
radius
radius of of cm of
(mm)
gyration
gyration of individual
individual component,
component, in.in. (mm)
(mm)
ri = radioRequirements
de giro mínimo del componente individual, cm (mm)
2. 2. Dimensional
DimensionalRequirements
2. Requerimientos dimensionales
Built-up
Built-up members
members shall
shall meetmeetthethe following
following requirements:
requirements:
Los miembros armados deben cumplir los siguientes requerimientos:
(a)(a) Individual
Individual
(a) shapes
components
components
Los componentes
of of compression
compression
individuales deanother
members
members
miembros
composed
composed
en compresión
of of
compuestos
twotwo
or or
moremore
de dos o más
shapes shall be connected
shall beconectadas
connecteda to to one
one another at intervals, a, such that the slenderness
secciones
ratio, intervalos, a, de at intervals,
manera talbetween
que such
a, la that the
esbeltez slenderness
efectiva a/r de cada
a/r i, of each of the component shapes the fasteners does
i
notnotla
ratio,sección
a/ri componente, entre los elementos conectantes, no debe excederdoes
, of each of the component shapes between the fasteners 3/4 veces
exceed three-fourths times the governing slenderness ratio of the built-up mem-
exceedesbeltez global deltimes
three-fourths miembro armado. Elslenderness
the governing radio de giroratio
menor, ri, debe
of the ser usado
built-up mem-en el
ber.ber.
The The
cálculo
least
least radius
deradius
la razón
ofde of gyration,, rshall
esbeltez rde
gyration, i
i, shall
cada
be
parte
be used in
componente.
used in computing
computing the the slenderness
slenderness
ratio
ratio of of
eacheach component
component part.
part.
(b) En los extremos de miembros armados en compresión, apoyados en placas base o
(b)(b)
At At
the the
endsends
superficiesof of built-up
terminadas,
built-up compression members
todos los componentes
compression members bearing on on
en contacto
bearing basebase plates
unoplates or or
con otro
finished
deben estar
finished
surfaces,
conectados
surfaces, all components
por soldadura
all components in contact
cuya longitud
in contact with
with one one another
no another
sea menor shall be connected
quebeelconnected
shall ancho máximo by by a
a del
weld having a length not less than the maximum width of the member or by bolts o
weldmiembro
having o apor pernos
length not espaciados
less than longitudinalmente
the maximum width noofmás
the de cuatro
member diámetros
or by bolts
spaced de longitudinally
spaced unalongitudinally
distancia igual amore
notnot 1½ veces
morethan el
than espesor
fourfour máximo
diameters
diameters apartdelfor
apartmiembro.
for a distance
a distance equal
equal to to
1
1 1 /2 times the maximum width of the member.
1 /2 times
La separación
the maximum longitudinal
width of para
thesoldaduras
member. intermitentes o pernos, a lo largo del
Along the length of built-up compression las
miembro
Along the armado
length ofen compresión,
built-up entre
compression conexiones
members
members extremas
between
between thetherequeridas
end end anterior-
connections
connections
mente,
required deben
in the ser suficientes
foregoing, para producir
longitudinal la
spacing transferencia
of intermittent
required in the foregoing, longitudinal spacing of intermittent welds or bolts shall de las fuerzas
welds or requeridas.
bolts shall
be Para los límites
adequate to de separación
provide the longitudinal
required entreFor
strength. conectores
limitations de elementos
on the en contacto
longitudinal
be adequate to provide the required strength. For limitations on the longitudinal
continuo,
spacing consistentes en unaelements
plancha in y un perfil o dos planchas, ver Sección J3.5.
spacing of of
Cuando
fasteners
fasteners
un componente
between
between deelements
un miembro
continuous
in continuous
armado
contact
contact
en compresión
consisting
consisting
consiste ofenof a plate
auna
plateplan-
and
and acha a shape, or two plates, see Section J3.5. Where a component of a built-up
externa,
shape,
compression el máximo
or two
member
plates,espaciamiento
see Section J3.5.
consists of no debe exceder
Where el producto
a component delaespesor
of built-upde la
plancha externa
compression member más delgada
consists an an
of por outside
0,75√E/F
outside ,
plate,
plate,
y
ni 30
the the
cm
maximum
(300
maximum mm),
spacing
cuando
spacing shall
notnot
se dispone
shall
exceed the thickness of the thinner outside plate times 0.75 E /,Fynor 12 in.in.
, nor 12
soldadura intermitente a lo largo de bordes de los componentes o bien
exceed the thickness of the thinner outside plate times 0.75 E /F y conectores en
todos los ejes de remaches en cada sección. Cuando los conectores están alternados,
July 7,Julio
20167, 2016
Especificación
Specification para
for Construcciones
Structural July 7, 2016
de Acero,
Steel Buildings,
Specification
AMERICAN for Structural
INSTITUTE Steel Buildings,
OFofSSTEEL Construction
AMERICAN American Institute
INSTITUTE OF STEEL teel C ONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
[CAP. E] DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS EN COMPRESIÓN 89-16.1
Nota: Es conservador usar la razón ancho/espesor límite para el Caso 7en la Tabla B4.1
con un ancho, b, tomado como la distancia transversal entre la línea de conectores más
cercana. El área neta de la plancha se mide en el agujero más ancho. En vez de esta
metodología, la razón ancho/espesor límite puede ser determinada mediante un análisis.
(2) La razón entre longitud (en dirección del esfuerzo) y ancho de la perforación
no debe exceder a dos
(3) La distancia libre entre perforaciones en la dirección del esfuerzo no debe
ser menor que la distancia transversal entre líneas próximas de conectores o
soldaduras.
(4) La periferia de las perforaciones en todos los puntos debe tener un radio mínimo
de 3,8 cm (38 mm).
(d) Como alternativa a las planchas de cubierta perforadas, cuando se interrumpe el
enlace, se permiten enlaces con planchas de asiento en cada extremo y en puntos
intermedios. Las planchas de asiento deben quedar tan cercas de los extremos como
sea posible. En miembros que tengan suficiente resistencia disponible, las planchas
de asiento extremos deben tener una longitud no menor que la distancia entre líneas
de conectores o soldaduras que conectan a los componentes del miembro. Planchas
de asiento intermedias deben tener una longitud no menor que un medio de su dis-
tancia. El espesor de las planchas de asiento debe ser no inferior a un cincuentavo
de la distancia entre líneas de soldadura o conectores que conectan a los segmentos
de los miembros. En construcción soldada, el soldado de cada línea que conecta la
plancha de asiento debe totalizar no menos que un tercio de la longitud de plancha.
En construcción apernada, el espaciamiento en la dirección de tensión en planchas
de asiento deben ser no mayores que seis diámetros y las planchas de asiento deben
estar conectadas a cada segmento por lo menos con tres conectores.
(e) Enlaces mediante barras planas, ángulos, canales, u otro perfil, deben estar espaciado
de manera tal que la razón L/r del ala incluida entre sus conectores no debe exceder
de tres cuartas veces la razón de esbeltez que controla el diseño del miembro como
un todo. Debe proveerse enlaces para dar resistencia al corte normal al eje del miem-
bro igual a 2% de la resistencia a compresión disponible del miembro. La razón L/r
para barras de enlace dispuestas en sistemas individuales no debe exceder 140. Para
enlaces dobles esta razón no debe exceder 200. Barras de enlace doble deben estar
unidas en sus intersecciones. Para barras de enlace en compresión, L se puede tomar
como la longitud sin soporte de la barra de enlace entre soldaduras o sujetadores que
las conectan a los componentes del miembro armado para enlaces simples, y un 70%
de esa distancia para enlaces dobles.
User Note: The inclination of lacing bars to the axis of the member shall
Nota:preferably
La inclinación de less
be not barras de enlace
than 60º foralsingle
eje dellacing
miembro
anddebe
45º preferiblemente no
for double lacing.
ser inferior a 60º para enlaces simples y a 45º para enlaces dobles. Cuando la distancia
When the distance between the lines of welds or fasteners in the flanges is
entre las líneas de soldaduras o sujetadores en las alas es más de 38 cm (380 mm), en
enlacemore
debethan 15 in. (380duplicarse
preferiblemente mm), the olacing should
ser hecho preferably
mediante be double or made
ángulos.
of angles.
Para requerimientos de espaciamiento adicional, ver Sección J3.5.
For additional spacing requirements, see Section J3.5.
E7. MIEMBROS
E7. MEMBERSCON ELEMENTOS
WITH SLENDERESBELTOS
ELEMENTS
Esta sección aplica para miembros solicitados en compresión formados por elementos
This section applies to slender-element compression members, as defined in Section
esbeltos, como se define en la Sección B4.1 para elementos en compresión uniforme.
B4.1 for elements in axial compression.
La resistencia de compresión nominal, Pn, será el menor valor determinado por los estados
The nominal
límites compressive
de pandeo por flexión,strength, n, shall be theen
torsión oPflexo-torsional lowest value con
interacción based on the appli-
el pandeo local.
cable limit states of flexural buckling, torsional buckling, and flexural-torsional
buckling in interaction with local buckling.
P =F A (E7-1)
Pnn = Fcrcr Aee (E7-1)
donde
where
= summation
Ae = A esuma de las áreasof the effective
efectivas areas of
de la sección the crossbasadas
transversal sectionenbased on reduced
los anchos ef-
efectivos,
be, de, o he, ó el área dada por las ecuaciones E7-6 o E7-7, cm (mm ).
fective widths, be, d e or h e, or the area as given by
2 Equations
2 E7-6 or
E7-7, in.2 (mm2).
Fcr = tensión crítica determinada de acuerdo con la sección E3 o E4, kgfcm2 (MPa). Para
Fcr = critical stress determined in accordance with Section E3 or E4, ksi (MPa).
ángulos simples, se debe determinar Fcr solo mediante el uso de la Sección E3.
For single angles, determine Fcr in accordance with Section E3 only.
Nota: El área efectiva, Ae, debe ser determinada mediante reducción del área bruta, Ag,
User Note:
obtenida The effective
de reducir las áreasarea, Ae, may
de cada be determined
elemento by (b-b
esbelto como deducting
)t. from the gross
e
area, Ag, the reduction in area of each slender element determined as (b − be)t.
(a) Fy
(a)Cuando
When λ ≤ λr
Fcr
be = b (E7-2)
Fy
(b)
(b)Cuando
When λ > λr
Fcr
⎛
be = b ⎜1 − c1
Fel ⎞ Fel
⎟ (E7-3)
⎝ Fcr ⎠ Fcr
(a)
(a) Stiffened
Elementoselements except walls
atiesados excepto of de
paredes square and tubulares
secciones rectangular HSS 0.18 1.31
(a)
Case
Stiffened elements except Slender
cuadradas y rectangulares
walls of square
Element and rectangular HSS c1
0.18
0.18 c2
1.31
1.31
(b) Walls of square and rectangular HSS 0.20 1.38
(b)
(a)
(b) Walls
Paredesof de
Stiffenedsquare and except
elements
secciones rectangular
walls
tubulares HSS
of square
cuadradas and rectangular HSS
y rectangulares 0.20
0.18
0.20 1.38
1.31
1.38
(c)
(c)
(c)
All other
Todos los
elements
otros elementos
0.22
0.22
1.49
1.49
(b) All other
Walls of elements
square and rectangular HSS 0.22
0.20 1.49
1.38
CAPÍTULO F
DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS EN FLEXIÓN
Este capítulo abarca el diseño de miembros solicitados por flexión simple en torno a un eje prin-
cipal. Para flexión simple, el miembro es cargado en un plano paralelo al eje principal que pasa a
través del centro de corte o es restringido al giro en los puntos de carga y los apoyos.
El capítulo está organizado de la siguiente manera:
F1. Disposiciones Generales
F2. Miembros Compactos de Sección H de simetría doble y Canales flectados en torno a su eje
mayor
F3. Miembros de Sección H de simetría doble con Almas Compactas y Alas No Compactas o
Esbeltas flectados en torno a su eje mayor
F4. Otros Miembros de Sección H con Almas Compactas o No Compactas flectados en torno
a su eje mayor
F5. Miembros de Sección H de simetría doble y simple con Almas Esbeltas flectados en torno
a su eje mayor
F6. Miembros de Sección H y Canales flectados en torno a su eje menor
F7. Perfiles tubulares cuadrados y rectangulares
F8. Perfiles tubulares circulares
F9. Secciones T y Ángulos Dobles cargados en el plano de simetría
F10. Ángulos Simples
F11. Barras Rectangulares y Circulares
F12. Secciones Asimétricas
F13. Requisitos Dimensionales de Vigas
Nota: Para los casos que no se incluyen en este capítulo, las siguientes secciones aplican:
Capítulo G. Disposiciones de diseño al corte.
H1-H3. Miembros solicitados por flexión biaxial o por combinación de flexión y
carga axial.
H3. Miembros solicitados por flexión y torsión.
Anexo3. Miembros solicitados por fatiga.
Como guía para la determinación de la Sección apropiada aplicando este capítulo, puede
ser usada la Tabla Nota F1.1.
TABLE USER
TABLA NOTE
Notas F1.1F1.1
Selection Table forpara
Tabla de Selección the la
Application
Aplicación
de of
lasChapter
SeccionesF del
Sections
Capítulo F
Section en
Sección in Cross
Sección Flange
Esbeltez Web
Esbeltez Limit
Estados
Chapter F
Capítulo F Section Slenderness
Alta Slenderness
Alma States
límites
F2 C C Y, LTB
CFY, LTB,
F4 C, NC, S C, NC
FLB, TFY
CFY, LTB,
F5 C, NC, S S
FLB, TFY
Y, FLB,
F7 C, NC, S C, NC, S
WLB, LTB
F8 N/A N/A Y, LB
Y, LTB,
F9 C, NC, S N/A
FLB, WLB
Unsymmetrical
Perfiles asimétricosshapes,
diferentes All limit
F12
other than single
en ángulos angles
simples N/A N/A states
YY== fluencia,
yielding, CFY
CFY= = fluencia en compresión
compression ala, LTB
flange yielding, LTB==pandeo lateral-torsional,
lateral-torsional buckling, FLB = =pandeo
FLB flange local
local ala,
buck-
WLB = pandeo
ling, WLB = weblocal
localalma,, TFY TFY
buckling, = fluencia ala flange
= tension tracción, LLB =LLB
yielding, pandeo
= leglocal
localala, LB = pandeo
buckling, local,
LB = local buckling,
CC= = compacto,
compact, NC NC==noncompact,
no-compacto,S =Sslender, N/AN/A
= esbelto, = not applicable
= no aplicable.
Especificación para
Specification for Construcciones
Structural Steel Buildings, Julio7,7,2016
de Acero,July 2016
AMERICAN
AmericanINSTITUTE
Institute OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
of Steel Construction
La resistencia de diseño en flexión, φb M n , o la resistencia admisible en flexión, M n Ω b ,
deben ser determinados de la siguiente manera:
16.1-94 DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS EN FLEXIÓN [CAP. F]
12,5M max
Cb =
(F1-1) (F1-1)
2,5M max + 3M A + 4M B + 3M C
donde: donde:
Mmax = valor absoluto del máximo momento en el segmento no arriostrado, T-m (N-mm).
M = valor
MAmax = absoluto
valordelabsoluto
momentodel
en primer
máximo cuarto del segmento
momento en elnosegmento
arriostrado,
noT-m
arriostrado,
(N-mm).
T-m (N-mm).
MB = valor absoluto del momento en el centro del segmento no arriostrado, T-m (N-mm).
M = absoluto
MC A = valor valor
delabsoluto del
momento en momento
tercer cuarto delen primernocuarto
segmento del segmento
arriostrado, T-m (N-mm).no
arriostrado, T-m (N-mm).
MB = valor absoluto del momento en el centro del segmento no arriostrado,
Nota: Para miembros con simetría doble y sin cargas transversales entre puntos de
arriostramiento,T-m (N-mm).
la Ecuación F1-1 se reduce a 1,0 para el caso de momentos extremos
Miguales
C =del mismo signo
valor (momento
absoluto uniforme),
del momento 2,27enpara el caso
tercer de momentos
cuarto extremosno
del segmento
iguales de signoarriostrado,
opuesto (curvatura reversa
T-m (N-mm). por flexión) y a 1,67 cuando uno de los
momentos extremos es igual a cero. Para miembros con un eje de simetría, un análisis
mas detallado para Cb es presentado en el Comentario. El Comentario proporciona
Nota: Para miembros
ecuaciones con para
adicionales simetría doble ydesin
la determinación cargas
Cb, las transversales
que permiten incluir los entre
efectos puntos de
arriostramiento, la Ecuación
en miembros F1-1 se reduce
de variadas condiciones a 1,0 para el caso de momentos extremos
de borde.
iguales del mismo signo (momento uniforme), 2,27 para el caso de momentos extremos
iguales
de signo opuesto (curvatura reversa por flexión) y a 1,67 cuando uno de los
Para voladizos en los cuales el alabeo es evitado y donde el extremo libre no está arriostrado,
momentosCb =extremos
1,0. es igual a cero. Para miembros con un eje de simetría, un análisis mas
detallado para Cb es presentado en el Comentario. El Comentario proporciona ecuaciones
(d) En miembros con simetría simple solicitados por flexión con curvatura simple, la re-
sistencia de pandeo lateral-torsional debe ser verificada para ambas alas. La resistencia
disponible deflexión debe ser mayor o igual que el máximo momento requerido que
causa compresión del ala bajo consideración. F3
La resistencia User
nominal en flexión,
Note: Mn, debe
All current ASTMser el
A6menor
W, S,valor
M, C obtenido
and MC de shapes
acuerdoexcept
con losW21×48,
estados límites de fluencia (momento plástico) y pandeo lateral-torsional.
W14×99, W14×90, W12×65, W10×12, W8×31, W8×10, W6×15, W6×9,
W6×8.5 and M4×6 have compact flanges for Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa); all current
1. Fluencia ASTM A6 W, S, M, HP, C and MC shapes have compact webs at Fy ≤ 70 ksi (485
MPa).
Mn = Mp = FyZx (F2-1)
Donde The nominal flexural strength, Mn, shall be the lower value obtained according to the
limit states of yielding (plastic moment) and lateral-torsional buckling.
Fy = tensión de fluencia mínima especificada del tipo de acero utilizado, kgf/cm (MPa)
2
Zx = 1.módulo
Yielding
de sección plástico en torno al eje x, cm3 (mm3)
Mn = Mp = Fy Zx (F2-1)
2. Pandeo Lateral-Torsional
where
Fy = specified minimum yield stress of the type of steel being used, ksi (MPa)
(a) Cuando Lb ≤ Lp, el estado límite de pandeo lateral-torsional no3 aplica3
Zx = plastic section modulus about the x-axis, in. (mm )
(b) Cuando Lp < Lb ≤ Lr
2. Lateral-Torsional Buckling
⎡⎡ L −LL pp ⎞⎟⎞⎤⎤⎥ ≤ M
of) ⎛⎜⎛lateral-torsional
Lbb −
(a) When
M C b≤L
LM p(, M
the limit state
F S buckling does not apply.
⎢ − − 0,7
M nn = Cbb ⎢ M pp − (M pp − 0,7 Fyy S xx ) ⎜ L − L ⎟⎟⎥ ≤ M pp
= ⎜ (F2-2) (F2-2)
(F2-2)
(b) When⎣⎢⎢Lp < Lb ≤ Lr ⎜
⎝ L ⎟
r − L p ⎠ ⎦ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ r p ⎠ ⎦ ⎥
⎡ ⎛ Lb − L p ⎞ ⎤
(c) LCuando Mn = Cb ⎢ M p − ( M p − 0.7 FyS x ) ⎜ ⎥ ≤ Mp (F2-2)
(c)
(c) Cuando >L
Cuando Lbb > Lrr ⎢⎣ ⎝ Lr − L p ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
(c) When Lb > Lr
M
=F
Mn = Fcr SS x ≤MM
≤ M p (F2-3) (F2-3)
(F2-3)
n cr x n =p Fcr Sx ≤ Mp (F2-3)
Donde:
where
Donde:
Donde: Lb = longitud Lentre puntos between
que estánpoints
o arriostrados
that are contra
either desplazamientos laterales del
b = length braced against lateral displacement of
ala comprimidatheo arriostrado contra giro de la sección transversal, cm (mm).
compression flange or braced against twist of the cross section, in. (mm)
LLb =
= longitud
longitud entre
entre puntos
puntos que
que están
están o
o arriostrados
arriostrados contra
contra desplazamientos
desplazamientos
b 2 2
laterales C π E Jc ⎛ L ⎞
laterales del ala comprimida o arriostrado contra⎜giro⎟ de la sección transversal, cm
del ala comprimida o arriostrado contra giro de la sección transversal, cm (mm).
b b
F cr = 1 + 0 . 078 (mm).(F2-4) (F2-4)
⎛ Lb ⎞
2 S x ho ⎝ rts ⎠ 2
2 2
F =
C
C bb π π 2 ⎜⎝E Erts ⎟⎠1 + 0 ,078 Jc Jc ⎛⎛⎜ LLbb ⎞⎞⎟ (F2-4)
Fcr
cr = 2 1 + 0 ,0782S h ⎜⎜ r ⎟⎟ (F2-4)
=⎛ tensión
Lbb ⎞⎞⎟ crítica, kgf/cm S(MPa)
= critical
2
⎛⎜ L x ho ⎝ rts
stress, ksi (MPa)
x o ⎝ ts ⎠
⎠
E = modulus
⎜⎜ r Especificación
⎟⎟ of elasticity of steel = 29,000 ksi (200 000 MPa)
para Construcciones de Acero, Julio 7, 2016
⎝⎝Jrts
ts=⎠ American
⎠torsional Institute of
constant, 4
in.Steel
(mm 4
Construction
)
2
=
= tensión
Sx crítica,
tensión = elastickgf/cm
crítica, (MPa)
section2 modulus
kgf/cm (MPa) taken about the x-axis, in.3 (mm3)
16.1-96 DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS EN FLEXIÓN [CAP. F]
ISC_PART Donde:
16_A_Spec.
2 AISC_PART E-F (33-69)_15th_Ed._2016
16_A_Spec. 2016-11-14
E-F (33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 4:42 4:42
2016-11-14 PM Page 48 48
PM Page (Black plate)plate)
(Black
16_A_Spec.
2 AISC_PART E = módulo
E-Fde elasticidad del acero = 2016-11-14
(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 2,04 x 106 kgf/cm 2
4:42 PM (200000
Page 48MPa)(Black plate)
C_PART 16_A_Spec. E-F (33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 2016-11-14 4:42 PM Page 48 (Black plate)
J = constante torsional, cm (mm )
4 4
16.1-48SDOUBLY
16.1-48 x
= DOUBLY
módulo de secciónCOMPACT
SYMMETRIC
SYMMETRIC
elástica enI-SHAPED
COMPACT
torno al eje x, cm
MEMBERS
I-SHAPED
(mm ) AND
AND
MEMBERS CHANNELS [Sect.[Sect.
CHANNELS
3
F2. F2.
3
16.1-48h0 = DOUBLY
distancia SYMMETRIC
entre los centroides
COMPACTde lasI-SHAPED
alas MEMBERS AND CHANNELS [Sect. F2.
16.1-48 DOUBLY SYMMETRIC COMPACT I-SHAPED MEMBERS AND CHANNELS [Sect. F2.
UserUser Note: The The
Note: square root root
square termterm in Equation
in Equation F2-4F2-4 may may be conservatively
be conservatively takentaken
Nota:
equal toEl1.0.
equal
User término
to 1.0.The
Note: raízsquare
cuadrada rooten term Ecuación F2-4 puede
in Equation F2-4 may tomarse conservadoramente
be conservatively taken
User igual Note:a 1,0.
equal The square root term in Equation F2-4 may be conservatively taken
to 1.0.
equal to 1.0.
UserUser Note: Equations F2-3 and F2-4 provide identical solutions to the follow-
Nota: LasNote: Equations
ecuaciones F2-3F2-3 y F2-4 andproporcionan
F2-4 provide identical
soluciones solutions
idénticas atolathe follow-
siguiente
ing expression
ing expression for lateral-torsional
for lateral-torsional buckling
expresión para pandeo lateral torsional de secciones doblemente simétricas que ha
User Note: Equations F2-3 and F2-4 of
buckling
provide doubly
of symmetric
doubly
identical symmetric
solutions sections
to that
sections
the that
sido
follow-
User presentada
has been
has expression
Note:
ing been en presented
presented
Equations edicionesin
F2-3
for pasadas
past
inand de esta
editions
past editions
F2-4
lateral-torsional provideEspecificación:
of this of Specification:
this Specification:
identical
buckling solutions
of doubly to the follow-
symmetric sections that
ing expressionhas beenfor lateral-torsional
presented bucklingofofthis
in past editions doubly symmetric sections that
Specification:
2 2
has been presented in past editions πof this ⎛ πE⎛⎞ πE ⎞
π Specification:
Mcr M =C cr b= Cb EI yGJ EI+yGJ⎜ + ⎜⎟ I y⎟C2wI yC w
Lb Lπb ⎝ Lb ⎝⎛⎠ πLEb ⎠⎞
Mcr = Cb EI yGJ +2 ⎜ ⎟ I yC w
π LGJb + ⎛ πE ⎞ ⎝I L b⎠
La
The The ventaja
advantage de las formulas
M
of Equations = C F2-3 y
F2-3F2-3 EIF2-4 reside
and⎜⎝F2-4
and F2-4 is en que
⎟⎠ is the Cla forma is es muy similarto athe
la
toex-
advantage of Equations Lbthat thatform
the form very
is similar
very similar the
cr b y y w
presión para pandeo lateral L
torsional de secciones de simetría simple entregada into las
en
b
expressionexpression
The for lateral-torsional
advantage of Equationsbuckling
for lateral-torsional F2-3 andofF2-4
buckling singly
ofissingly symmetric
that formsections
symmetric
the givengiven
sections
is very similar in
the
ecuacionesF4-4 F4-4and y F4-5.
TheEquations Equations
advantage
expression F4-4
of Equations F4-5.
and F4-5.
F2-3 and F2-4
for lateral-torsional is thatofthe
buckling form symmetric
singly is very similar to thegiven in
sections
expression for lateral-torsional
Equations F4-4 and F4-5. buckling of singly symmetric sections given in
Equations F4-4 and F4-5.
LpL, plongitud
, the thenolimiting
Lp,limiting arriostrada
laterally para el
unbraced
laterally estado
unbraced lengthlímite
forde
length the
forfluencia,
limit en state
state
the limit cm (mm)
of yielding, es: in. (mm),
of yielding, in. (mm),
is: is: Lp, the limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of yielding, in. (mm),
Lp, the limiting laterally unbraced E theElimit state of yielding, in. (mm),
is: L p =L1length
p.76= 1ry.76 for
ry (F2-5)(F2-5)
(F2-5)
is: Fy FEy
L p = 1.76 ry (F2-5)
E Fy
Lr, the Lr, limiting
the limiting unbraced L p =length
unbraced 1.76length
ryfor the for limit
the state
limit of
stateinelastic
of (F2-5)
lateral-torsional
inelastic lateral-torsional
Lr, longitud no arriostrada para el estadoFlímite y de pandeo lateral torsional inelástico, en cm
buckling, buckling, in. (mm),
r, the limiting in. (mm), is: is:
unbraced length for the limit state of inelastic lateral-torsional
(mm), Les:
Lr, the buckling,
limiting unbraced in. (mm),length is: for the limit2state2 of inelastic2 lateral-torsional 2
E E Jc Jc ⎛ Jc⎛ ⎞Jc ⎞ ⎛ 0.77⎛F0y .7
⎞7 Fy ⎞ (F2-6) (F2-6)
buckling,Lin. r =(mm), = 1rts.is:
L1r.95 95rts + ⎜+ ⎜ ⎟ +⎟62.76 + 6⎜ .76 ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ 2
0.7 F0y .7EFSyx hoSJc h ⎝ Sx h⎛⎝oS⎠Jc h ⎠
⎞ ⎝ E⎛⎝ 0.7 ⎠7EFy ⎞⎠
Lr = 1.95rts
x o
+ 2
x o (F2-6)
(F2-6)
E 7 Fy + S⎛x hoJc ⎞ ⎜⎝ S+x6h.o76
0.Jc ⎟⎠ ⎛+0.7 6.76 ⎜ 2
7 Fy ⎞⎝ E ⎟⎠
where L =
where 1 . 95 r (F2-6)
r ts ⎜⎝ S h ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟
0.7 Fy S x ho x o E ⎠
= rradius
rywhere y = radius of gyration
of gyration aboutabout y-axis, in. (mm)
y-axis, in. (mm)
Donde:
where ry = radius of gyration about y-axis, in. (mm)
ry r ==radio deI yCgiro
wI yCsobre el eje y, cm (mm).
y rts2radius
=rts2 =of gyration about y-axis, in. (mm)
w
(F2-7) (F2-7)
2 S x ISyC x w
r =
I ytsC w S x (F2-7)
r2ts 2=
rtsand =the
andcoefficient
the coefficient c is determined
c is determined as follows:
as follows: (F2-7) (F2-7)
Sx
(1) For and the coefficient
(1) doubly
For doublysymmetric c isI-shapes
symmetric determined
I-shapes as follows:
and the coefficient c is determined as follows:
y el coeficiente
(1) For doubly c se determina
symmetric como sigue
cI-shapes
= 1c =a1continuación: (F2-8a)(F2-8a)
(1) For doubly symmetric I-shapes
(2) For (2) channels
For channels c=1 (F2-8a)
c=1 (F2-8a)
(2) For channels ho hI y I y
c= c= o (F2-8b)(F2-8b)
(2) For channels 2 hC 2ow CI yw
c= (F2-8b)
Especificación para I y 2 Cw de Acero, Julio 7, 2016
ho Construcciones
where where c =
American
(F2-8b)
2 Institute
Cw of Steel Construction
= Imoment
Iy where y = moment of inertia aboutabout
of inertia the y-axis,
the y-axis, in.4 (mm 4
in.4 (mm ) 4)
4 4
ry = radius of gyration about y-axis, in. (mm)
[CAP. F]
I yC w DISEÑO DE MIEMBROS EN FLEXIÓN 97-16.1
rts2 = (F2-7)
Sx
(1) Para secciones I con simetría doble
and the coefficient c is determined as follows:
(1) For doubly symmetric I-shapes
c = 1 (F2-8a)
c=1 (F2-8a)
2 AISC_PART (2) Para canales
16_A_Spec.
(2) For channels
E-F (33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 2016-11-30 1:45 PM Page 49 (Black plate)
2
2 AISC_PART
AISC_PART 16_A_Spec.
16_A_Spec. E-F
E-F (33-69)_15th_Ed._2016
(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 2016-11-30
2016-11-30
ho I y 1:45
1:45 PM
PM Page
Page 49
49 (Black
(Black plate)
plate)
c= (F2-8b)
(F2-8b)
2 Cw
Donde: where
Sect. F3.] DOUBLY
I = SYMMETRIC I-SHAPED
moment of I-SHAPED
inertia aboutMEMBERS WITH
the y-axis, 4 COMPACT
in.COMPACT WEBS
(mm4) WEBS 16.1-49
Sect. F3.] DOUBLYy de
DOUBLY SYMMETRIC MEMBERS WITH 16.1-49
F3.]Iy = momento
Sect. inercia sobre
SYMMETRIC el eje y, MEMBERS
I-SHAPED cm4 (mm4).WITH COMPACT WEBS 16.1-49
User Note:
User User Note:
Note: I yho2
Nota:
ForPara secciones
doubly H conI-shapes
symmetric doble simetría y alas rectangulares,
with rectangular flanges, Cw =II yyhhoo22 , ,and
y asíthus,
la
For
For doubly
doubly
Ecuación
symmetric
symmetric
F2-7
Equation se reduce
F2-7
I-shapes
I-shapes
a:
becomes
with
with rectangular
rectangular flanges,
flanges, Cww =
C = 4 ,, and
and thus,
thus,
44
Equation
Equation F2-7
F2-7 becomes
becomes
Specification for Structural Steel
2 I yhoBuildings, July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE 22rts =
IIOF
yy h
hooSTEEL CONSTRUCTION
rrtsts = = 2Sx
22 SSxx
rts may be approximated accurately and conservatively as the radius of gyration
rrrtsts puede
may
may serapproximated
be aproximado enaccurately
forma precisa
andy conservatively
and conservadora como el radio
as the radiusdeofgiro del ala
gyration
tsof the be approximated
compression accurately
flange conservatively
plus one-sixth of the web: as the radius of gyration
en
of compresión
the más
compression un sexto
flange del
plusalma:
one-sixth of the
of the compression flange plus one-sixth of the web: web:
bf
r = bb ff
rrtsts ts=
= ⎛ 1 htw ⎞
12⎛⎛ ⎜ 1 +11 hthtw ⎞⎞
12 ⎜⎜ 1⎝+
12 1 + 6 bwf t⎟⎟f ⎟⎠
⎝⎝ 66 bb ff tt ff ⎠⎠
2
Cb π 2 E π 2 E2 J ⎛ LbJ ⎞ ⎛ L ⎞ 2 2
Fcr = F =2CC b1 +π0.E 078
1 + 0. 078 ⎜ ⎟⎠J ⎜ ⎛ bL⎟b ⎞ (F4-5) (F4-5)
o ⎝ Srt h
b
⎛ LFbcr⎞ =⎛ L ⎞ 2 2 1 +xc0h.078
cr S ⎝ ⎜r ⎠ ⎟ (F4-5)
(F4-5)
⎜⎝ r ⎟⎠ ⎜ ⎛ L⎟b ⎞b xc o ⎝
S xcho rt t ⎠
t ⎝ ⎜⎝rt r⎠ ⎟⎠
t
I
Para
For ycFor I ycI ,, debe
≤ 0.23 J tomarse
shall be taken como as cero.
zero,
I y For I yc≤ ≤0.23 0.23, J, Jshall
shallbebetakentakenasaszero,
zero,
yI
y
where where
donde where of inertia of the compression flange about the y-axis, in.4
Iyc = moment
IycI 4= =moment ofofinertia
inertiaofofthe thecompression
compressionflange about the 4
y-axis,in.in.4
they-axis,
yc) moment flange about
Iyc = momento de
(mm (mm inercia del ala en compresión sobe el eje y, cm (mm )
4 4 4
(mm)4)
(3) FL,(3)nominal compression flange flange
stress above which the inelastic buckling limit limit
FF L, nominal
(3)apply, compression stress above
abovewhichwhichthetheinelastic
inelasticbuckling
states L, nominal
ksi (MPa),compression
is determined flange
as stress
follows: buckling limit
(3) Fstates, la tensión
apply,nominal
ksi (MPa),del ala en compresión
is determined
L states apply, ksi (MPa), is determined as follows:
as sobre
follows: la cual el estado límite de pandeo
inelástico
S xt aplica, kgf/cm2 (MPa), debe ser determinada como sigue:
(i) When ≥ 0S.7xtS
(i)(i)When xt≥ 0.7
SWhen
xc Sxc ≥ 0 .7
Sxc FL = 0.7F (F4-6a)(F4-6a)
L = =0.7F
FF y
y
L 0.7Fy (F4-6a)
S xt
(ii) When
(ii) < 0S.7xtS xt< 0.7
(ii)When
SWhen
xc Sxc < 0.7 para Construcciones de Acero, Julio 7, 2016
Especificación
Sxc
American Institute of Steel Construction
S
FL = FyF xt= F ≥ 0S.5xtSFxty≥ 0.5 F (F4-6b)(F4-6b)
L = Fy
SFxc ≥ 0.5yFy (F4-6b)
L y
where yc
Iyc =Iyc moment (mmof
= moment 4 inertia of the compression flange about the y-axis, in.4
) of inertia of the compression flange about the y-axis, in.4
4
(mm(mm ) 4)
16.1-100 (3) FL, nominalDISEÑO DE MIEMBROS
compression flange stress EN FLEXIÓN
above which the inelastic buckling [CAP. F]limit
(3) F L, nominal
(3) Fstates
L, nominal compression
apply, ksi (MPa),
compression flange stress
isflange
determined above
stress aswhich
above follows:
which the inelastic buckling
the inelastic limitlimit
buckling
states apply,
states ksi (MPa),
apply, ksi (MPa),is determined
is determined as follows:
as follows:
S
(i) (i)CuandoWhen xt ≥ 0.7
S xt SSxtxc
(i) When ≥ 0.7≥ 0.7
(i) When
Sxc Sxc FL = 0.7Fy (F4-6a)
(F4-6a)
FL =F0.7F
L = 0.7Fy
y (F4-6a)
(F4-6a)
S
(ii) (ii)Cuando
When xt < 0.7
S xt S
(ii) When <Sxt0xc.7< 0.7
(ii) When
Sxc Sxc
S
FL = Fy xt ≥ 0.5 Fy (F4-6b)
(F4-6b)
S xt SSxtxc
FL =FF L = Fy
y ≥ 0 . 5 F
≥ 0.5 Fy
y (F4-6b)(F4-6b)
Donde Sxc Sxc
where
SM = módulo where whereelástico
Sxt = elasticde la section
sección modulus
referido alreferred
ala en tracción,
to tension cmflange,
3
(mm3) in.3 (mm3)
Sxt =S elastic section
= elastic modulus
section modulus referred
referredto tension
to tension flange, in.3 in.
flange, (mm3 3) 3
(mm )
(4) Lp,xtthe limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of yielding, in.
(4) Lp,
(4) L
(4) longitud
p, the
L(mm)
p, thelimiting
is:no arriostrada
limitinglaterally paraunbraced
unbraced
laterally el estado
length límite
lengthfor de forfluencia
the limitlimit
the debe
state ofseryielding,
state ofdeterminada
yielding,in. in.
como:
(mm) (mm)is: is: E
L p = 1.1Ert (F4-7)
L p =L1p.1=rt1.1rt EFy (F4-7)
(F4-7) (F4-7)
Fy Fy
2 AISC_PART
22 AISC_PART
AISC_PART 16_A_Spec.(5)
16_A_Spec.
16_A_Spec. E-F L ,
E-Fthe limiting
r (33-69)_15th_Ed._2016
E-F unbraced
(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016
(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 2017-01-04length for
2017-01-04
2017-01-04 the 3:44
limit
3:443:44 state
PM
PM PMPage of
Page
Page inelastic
5252 (Black
52 lateral-torsional
(Black
(Black plate)
plate)
plate)
(5) Lrr,, longitud
(5) L
(5) the limiting
Lbuckling,
r, the no arriostrada
unbraced
in.
limiting (mm), para
length
is:
unbraced el estado
for
length the
for límite
limit
the de
limit pandeo
state of
state inelástico
inelastic
of lateral-torsional
lateral-torsional
inelastic lateral-torsional
debebuckling,
buckling,ser determinada
in. (mm),
in. (mm), como:
is: is:
2 2
E J ⎛ J ⎞ ⎛ FL ⎞
Lr = 1.95 r + 2 + 6 . 76
FL ⎛⎞⎜⎝FE ⎟2 (F4-8)
⎛⎜⎝ S⎞xc
J h+o⎞⎟⎠6OR
t 2 2
16.1-52 OTHER
16.1-52 OTHER I-SHAPED
LI-SHAPED
EMEMBERS
F J SWITH
E ho⎛ COMPACT
JxcWITH JCOMPACT OR ⎛ NONCOMPACTL ⎞⎠ WEBS (F4-8) [Sect.
F4.F4.
r =L1r.95
MEMBERS
16.1-52 OTHER I-SHAPED = 1rt.95 rt L WITH
MEMBERS + + COMPACT .
OR 76
+ NONCOMPACT
NONCOMPACT
⎜ ⎟ WEBS
WEBS [Sect.
(F4-8)
[Sect. F4.
FL FSLxchSo xcho ⎜⎝ Sxc⎜⎝hSo xc ⎟⎠ ⎟ 6 . 76
⎝ E ⎜⎝⎠ E ⎟⎠ (F4-8)
ho ⎠
(6)(6)Rpc
R the
pc,pc
, the web
web plastification
plastification factor,
factor, is is determined
determined asas follows:
follows:
(6) Rpe, el factor de plastificación del alma debe ser determinado como:
(i)(i)When
When
(i) Cuando Iyc ycyy/I>y >
I ycI/I
/I
0.23
0.23
> 0,23
yc y
h hc
Whenhcc ≤ ≤
(a) Cuando
(a)(a)
When λ
λ pw
pwpw
twwtw
M
M ppBuildings,
p
R==
R pc
pc pc
Specification for Structural Steel July 7, 2016 (F4-9a)
(F4-9a)
(F4-9a)
AMERICAN INSTITUTE
Steel OFMSM
TEEL C ONSTRUCTION
Specification for Structural Buildings, July 7, 2016 Myc
Specification for Structural Steel yc
Buildings,
yc July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE
AMERICAN OF STEEL
INSTITUTE CONSTRUCTION
OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
(b)(b) When
When hcchc
(b) Cuando >> λ pw
λ pw
twwtw pw
⎡ Mp ⎛ M
⎡M ⎛ M p ⎞ ⎛⎞ ⎛λ − λ ⎞ ⎤⎞ ⎤ M
− pw
λλ
R = =⎢ ⎢ pp − ⎜− ⎜ pp − 1−⎟1⎜⎟ ⎜ pwpw ≤ ≤M pp p (F4-9b)
(F4-9b)
(F4-9b)
R pc
pc pc ⎟ ⎥⎟ ⎥ ⎝M λ −λ− pw
λ ⎠ ⎥⎦⎠ ⎥⎦ MM
⎢⎣ M
⎢⎣ M yc yc ⎝ M
yc yc yc ⎠ ⎝⎠λ⎝ rw
yc rwrw pwpw yc yc
yc
(ii (ii)(ii)When
Cuando
WhenI Iyc/Iy ≤ 0.23
yc /I≤y ≤
I/I 0,23
0.23
yc /Iyy ≤ 0.23
(ii) When Iyc
R==
Rpc
pcpc 1.01.0 (F4-10)
(F4-10)
Rpc = 1,0 (F4-10)
where
where
MM pp p= =
FyyFZyxxZ≤x ≤ 1.6F
1.6F yySyxxSx
h =
hcc c = twice the distance
twice the distancefrom fromthethecentroid
centroidtotothethefollowing:
following:thetheinside
insideface
face
of the compression flange less the fillet or corner
of the compression flange less the fillet or corner radius, for rolled radius, for rolled
shapes;thethenearest
shapes; nearestline
lineofoffasteners
fastenersat atthethecompression
compressionflange
flangeororthethe
inside faces of the compression flange when welds are used, forfor
inside faces of the compression flange when welds are used, built-
built-
up up sections,
sections, para
Especificación
in.
in. (mm) (mm)
Construcciones de Acero, Julio 7, 2016
h American Institute of Steel Construction
h c
λ λ = = cc
twtw
⎣ ⎦
(ii) When Iyc /Iy ≤ 0.23
(ii) When Iyc /Iy ≤ 0.23
(ii)
[CAP. F] Iyc /Iy ≤ 0.23
When DISEÑO RpcDE MIEMBROS EN FLEXIÓN
= 1.0 (F4-10) 101-16.1
Rpc = 1.0 (F4-10)
Rpc = 1.0 (F4-10)
where
donde: where
whereMp = FyZx ≤ 1.6FySx
M = F≤yZM = FFyZSx ≤ 1.6FySx
p≤ 1,6
Mp h= c pFy=Zxtwice 1.6F
x the ySxdistance
y x from the centroid to the following: the inside face
hc = twice the distance from the centroid to the following: the inside face
hc = hc twice = of
el the
doble de la distancia entre elflange
centroide lessa alguno de or
los siguientes: la cara
for interna
the distance
compression from flange
the centroid
less to the
the filletfollowing:
or corner the insideforface
radius, rolled
of the compression the fillet corner radius, rolled
of the del compression
shapes; ala enthe compresión
nearest flange menos
line less elthe
radio
of fasteners deatfilete
fillet orthe o de esquina,
corner para
radius, for
compression perfiles
rolled
flange or thelaminados;
shapes; the nearest line of fasteners at the compression flange or the
shapes;la línea
inside thefacesmás
nearest cercana
of the de
of pernos
linecompression
fasteners enflange
el
at ala
the en compresión
compression
when welds are o used,
la cara
flange interna
orfor built-del ala en
the
compresión
inside
cuando
faces of the compression
se usan soldaduras,
flange
parawelds
whenarmadas,
secciones
welds are used, for built-
cm. (mm)
inside up faces
sections, of the in.compression
(mm) flange when are used, for built-
up sections, in. (mm)
up sections,
hc in. (mm)
λλ = = h
h λ = c
λ = c tw tw
λλpw t = λ
w= λp,es the la limiting
esbeltez límite slendernesspara alma for compacta,
a compactTabla web, B4.1b
given in Table B4.1b
pλ
pw
pw = λp, the limiting slenderness for a compact web, given in Table B4.1b
λpw λ=rwλp=, the λr, limiting
the limiting slenderness
slenderness for a for compact web, givenweb,
a noncompact in Table
givenB4.1b
in Table
λ = λr es λrwla =esbeltez λr, thelímite limiting para slenderness
alma no compacta, for a Tabla B4.1b web, given in Table
noncompact
λrw =rwλr, the B4.1b limiting slenderness for a noncompact web, given in Table
B4.1b
B4.1b
(7) rt, the effective radius of gyration for lateral-torsional buckling, in. (mm), is
(7) rt, the (7) (7) rr,tel
effective
determined t
, the radio
radius
as follows:deofgiro
effective efectivo
radius of
gyration forpara pandeo lateral-torsional
gyration for lateral-torsional
lateral-torsional se debe
buckling, determinar
buckling,
in. (mm), is de acuerdo
in. (mm), is
con lo siguiente:
determined as follows:
determined as follows:
(i) For I-shapes with a rectangular compression flange
(i)
(i) For Para secciones
I-shapes withH con ala rectangular
a rectangular en compresión
compression flange
(i) For I-shapes with a rectangular compression flange
b fc
rt = b (F4-11)
b fc⎛rt = 1 ⎞ fc (F4-11)
rt = 12 ⎜ 1 + aw⎛⎟ 1 ⎞ (F4-11) (F4-11)
⎛ ⎝1 6⎞12 ⎜⎠1 + aw ⎟
12 ⎜ 1 + aw ⎟ ⎝ 6 ⎠
where ⎝ 6 ⎠
where
where donde: aw = E-F
hc tw
hc tw (F4-12)
2 AISC_PART 16_A_Spec. h t b tafcw(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016
= 2016-11-30 1:47 PM Page 53 (Black plate) (F4-12)
16_A_Spec.
aaww = (F4-12)
2 AISC_PART c w
= E-Ffc(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 b fc t fc 2016-11-30 1:47 PM Page 53(F4-12) (Black plate)
bfcb fc=t width
fc of compression flange, in. (mm)
b = width of compression flange, in. (mm)
bbfc fc ==tfcancho offccompression
= thickness
deltfc ala en
width ofcompresión, flange,
compression cmflange,
in.(mm)
(mm) in. (mm)
= thickness of compression flange, in. (mm)
tfc = = thickness
tw thickness of compression
of web, in. (mm) flange, in. (mm)
Sect. tF4.] = espesor tdel
w =ala en compresión,
thickness of web, cmin. (mm)
(mm)
Sect. F4.]tw =
fc OTHER I-SHAPED
thickness of web, MEMBERS
in. (mm)WITH WITH COMPACT OR NONCOMPACT WEBS 16.1-53
OTHER I-SHAPED MEMBERS COMPACT OR NONCOMPACT WEBS 16.1-53
tw = espesor del alma, cm (mm)
(ii) (ii)Para
For secciones H conacanales
I-shapes with channelo placas
cap orde cubierta
a cover fijadas
plate al ala en
attached to compresión:
the compres-
(ii) For I-shapes with a channel cap or a cover plate attached to the compres-
rt = radio desiongiro
Specification
sion deforlos
flange
flange componentes
Structural de alaJuly
Steel Buildings, en7,compresión
2016 por flexión más un tercio del
área de alma en compresión debido sólo a la aplicación de momento
in flexuraldecompression
flexión en
AMERICAN Specification
INSTITUTE for
OFStructural
STEEL Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
CJuly
ONSTRUCTION
r =INSTITUTE
Specification for Structural
radius of
AMERICAN Steel Buildings,
gyration
INSTITUTEofOFthe 7,
STEEL 2016
flange components
CONSTRUCTION
torno rtal =tejeradius
AMERICAN mayor, ofcm OF (mm)
gyration
S TEEL Cof the flange components in flexural compression
ONSTRUCTION
plus one-third of the web area in compression due to application of
plus one-third of the web area in compression due to application of
major axis bending moment alone, in. (mm)
major axis bending moment alone, in. (mm)
3. 3. Pandeo Local de Ala
Compression en Compresión
Flange Local Buckling
3. Compression Flange Local Buckling
(a) Para secciones con alas compactas, no aplica el estado límite de pandeo local del ala
(a) For sections with compact flanges, the limit state of local buckling does not
(a) For en sections
compresión.
with compact flanges, the limit state of local buckling does not
apply.
apply.
(b) (b) Para seccioneswith
con alas no compactas
For sections noncompact flanges
(b) For sections with noncompact flanges
⎛ λ − λ pf ⎞
M = Rpc M yc − ( R pc M yc − FL S xc⎛ ) ⎜λ − λ pf ⎞ ⎟ (F4-13)
(F4-13)
Mn =n Rpc M yc − ( R pc M yc − FL S xc ) ⎜ ⎝ λ rf − λ ⎟pf ⎠ (F4-13)
⎝ λ rf − λ pf ⎠
(c) For sections with slender flanges
(c) For sections with slender flanges
(c) Para secciones con alas esbeltas
0.9 Ek S
M = 0.9 Ekc S2cxc xc (F4-14)
(F4-14)
Mn =n 2λ
(F4-14)
where λ
where
F is defined in Equations F4-6a and F4-6b
FL isL defined in Equations F4-6a and F4-6b
Especificación para Construcciones de Acero, Julio 7, 2016
Rpc is the webAplastification
merican Institute factor,
of Steel C
determined
onstruction by Equation F4-9a, F4-9b or
Rpc is the web plastification factor, determined by Equation F4-9a, F4-9b or
F4-10
F4-10
λ − λ pf ⎞
Mn noncompact R pc M yc − FL S xc ) ⎜
= Rpc M yc − (flanges (F4-13)
⎝ λ rf − λ pf ⎟⎠
(b) For sections with
(c) For sections with slender flanges
16.1-102 DISEÑOflanges
DE MIEMBROS EN FLEXIÓN ⎛ λ − λ pf ⎞ [CAP. F]
(c) For sections M n = Rpc M yc − (0R
with slender .9 EkMS − F S ) (F4-13)
Mn = pc 2c ycxc L xc ⎜⎝ λ rf − λ pf ⎟⎠ (F4-14)
λ 0.9 Ekc S xc
where
(c)Donde:
For sections with slender flanges Mn = (F4-14)
λ2
FFLL is = defined
es definido
where en Ecuaciones
in Equations F4-6aF4-6a
and yF4-6b
F4-6b.
0.9 Ekc S xc
M = (F4-14)
RRpc
pe
=
isFesL el
the factor
isweb
defined deinplastificación
Equations
plastification del alma,
F4-6a
n
factor, and2determinado
F4-6bby Equation
determined
λ por las Ecuaciones
F4-9a, F4-9bF4-9a,
or F4-9b
F4-10where o por F4-10.
Rpc is the web plastification factor, determined by Equation F4-9a, F4-9b or
FF4-10is4 defined no in Equations F4-6a and F4-6b
kcc = L
k = yand debe
shall tomarse menorless
not be taken quethan
0,350.35
ni mayor que 0,76
nor greater para
than propósitos
0.76 for de
h tw cálculo.
4
is thecalculation
web and purposes
plastification factor, determined by Equation F4-9a,
Rkpc
c = shall not be taken less than 0.35 nor greater thanF4-9b or
0.76 for
F4-10
bfc h tw calculation purposes
λλ = = 4
kc2 t fc= bfc and shall not be taken less than 0.35 nor greater than 0.76 for
= λ es
=
la esbeltez
h t límite para ala compacta, Tabla B4.1bdefined in Table B4.1b
λλpf
pf = λ p , the limiting
2 t fc slenderness
w calculation for
purposes a compact flange,
λλrf = =λλesr, la=the limiting
besbeltez slenderness
límite para
λfc, the limiting for a noncompact
ala no compacta,
slenderness flange, defined
Tabla B4.1b
for a compact flange, defined in
inTable
TableB4.1b
pf
rf
λ B4.1b = p
λrf =2λtrfc, the limiting slenderness for a noncompact flange, defined in Table
4. Tension Flange B4.1b
λpf = λYielding
p, the limiting slenderness for a compact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
4. Fluencia del Ala en Tracción
4.(a) When
Tensionλ = λr, theYielding limiting slenderness for a noncompact flange, defined in Table
Sxtrf ≥Flange
(a) Cuando SxcS, the limit
≥ Sxc state ofel tension
, no aplica flangedeyielding
estado límite fluencia does notenapply.
del ala tracción.
B4.1b
xt
(b) When
(a) Sxt < SSxc
When xtS ≥<SS xc, the limit state of tension flange yielding does not apply.
4. (b) Cuando
Tension Flange xt Yielding
xc
Mn = RptMyt (F4-15)
(b) When Sxt < Sxc
where
(a) When Sxt ≥ Sxc, the limit state of = RptMflange
Mntension yielding does not apply. (F4-15)
yt
= FySxt = yield moment in the tension flange, kip-in. (N-mm)
Mytwhere (F4-15)
(b) When Sxt < Sxc
donde:
R M = F S =
pt, the ytweb plastification
y xt yield moment
factorM in the tension
n = RptMyt
corresponding flange, kip-in. (N-mm)
to the tension flange yielding
(F4-15)
limit
wherestate, is determined as follows:
= elweb
Myt = RFptyS,xtthe momento de fluencia
plastification en elcorresponding
factor ala en tracción,toT-m
the (N-mm)
tension flange yielding
M yt = F
limit ySxt =isyield momentasinfollows:
the tension flange, kip-in. (N-mm)
(1) When Istate,
yc y/I > determined
0.23
pt, the
R(1) When webhIyc plastification factor corresponding to the tension flange yielding
c /Iy > 0.23del alma correspondiente al estado límite de fluencia del ala
Rpt el
(i)factor
When de plastificación
≤ λ pw
limit state, tw determined
is as follows:
en tracción,
2 AISC_PART 16_A_Spec. se determina
E-F hc como se indica a continuación:
(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 2017-01-04 3:45 PM Page 54 (Black plate)
2 AISC_PART 16_A_Spec. (i) (33-69)_15th_Ed._2016
When ≤ λ pw
(1) E-F
When
(1) Cuando Iyc/Iy >
Iyc /Iy >t w0.23
0.23 Mp
2017-01-04 3:45 PM Page 54 (Black plate)
Rpt = (F4-16a)
h M
When c ≤ λ pw Rptyt= M p
(i) (i) Cuando (F4-16a)
tw Myt
16.1-54 OTHER I-SHAPED MEMBERS M pWITH COMPACT OR NONCOMPACT WEBS [Sect. F4.
16.1-54 OTHER I-SHAPED
Specification MEMBERS
for Structural WITH = COMPACT
Rpt Buildings, July 7,OR NONCOMPACT WEBS (F4-16a) [Sect. F4.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEELM
Steel
Cyt
ONSTRUCTION
2016
(F4-16a)
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE
hc OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
(ii) (ii)Cuando
(ii)hcWhen > λ pw
When > λ pw tw
tw for Structural
Specification Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
⎡ p ⎛ Mp ⎞ ⎛ λ − λ pw ⎞ ⎤ M p
⎡ MRp =⎛ MMp −⎞ ⎛ λ −−λ 1pw ⎞ ⎤ Mp ⎟ ⎥ ≤ (F4-16b)(F4-16b)
Rpt = ⎢ pt− ⎜ ⎢⎢ Myt− 1⎟⎜⎝⎜Myt ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ λ⎟rw⎥ −
≤ λ pw ⎠ ⎥ Myt (F4-16b)
⎣
⎢⎣ Myt ⎝ Myt ⎠ ⎝ λrw − λ pw ⎠ ⎥⎦ Myt ⎦
(2) When Iyc/Iy ≤ 0.23
(2) When
(2) Cuando y ≤ 0.23
Iyc/IyIyc≤/I0.23
R = 1.0 (F4-17)
Rpt = 1.0 pt (F4-17)
Rpt = 1,0 (F4-17)
where
where
M = FyZx ≤ 1.6FySx
Mp = FyZxp≤ 1.6F ySx
hc
h λ =
λ = c tw
tw
λpw = λp, the limiting slenderness for a compact web, defined in Table
λpw = λp, the limiting slenderness for a compact web, defined in Table
B4.1b
B4.1b Julio a7, noncompact
2016
λEspecificación
= para
λr, the
rw limiting
Construcciones
limiting de Acero, for
slenderness web, defined in Table
λrw = λr, the Americanslenderness
Institute of Steel
forConstruction
a noncompact web, defined in Table
B4.1b
B4.1b
= ⎢When− ⎜ > λ−pw
Rpt(ii) 1⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎥≤ (F4-16b)
⎢⎣ Myt h⎝tcwMyt ⎠ ⎝ λrw − λ pw ⎠ ⎥⎦ Myt
(ii) When > λ pw
[CAP. F](2) When Iyc/Iy ≤ 0.23 tw
DISEÑO
⎡ Mp DE⎛MIEMBROS
Mp ⎞ ⎛ EN FLEXIÓN
λ − λ pw ⎞ ⎤ Mp
103-16.1
Rpt = ⎢ − ⎜ =M1.0 − 1⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ≤ (F4-17)
(F4-16b)
⎡ ⎢MMpyt R⎛pt⎝M pyt ⎞ ⎠⎛ ⎝ λrw
−λ λ pw⎞ ⎠⎤ ⎥⎦ MMpyt
−pw
donde: Rpt = ⎢ ⎣ −⎜ −1 ⎥≤ (F4-16b)
where
(2) When Iyc/Iy⎢⎣≤M0.23 yt ⎝ Myt ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ λrw − λ pw ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦ Myt
Mp =
Mp = FFyyZZxx≤≤1,6F
1.6FySyxSx
(2) When Iyc/Iy ≤ 0.23 Rpt = 1.0 (F4-17)
hc
λ = λ = where Rpt = 1.0 (F4-17)
tw
whereMp = FyZx ≤ 1.6FySx
λpw = λ
λpf = λpp,esthe
la esbeltez
limitinglímite para almafor
slenderness compacta,
a compactTablaweb, B4.1b
defined in Table
Mp = FhyZ
B4.1b c x ≤ 1.6FySx
λpf = λ λes la=esbeltez límite para alma no compacta, Tabla B4.1b
λrw = λrr, the limiting
htw slenderness for a noncompact web, defined in Table
λ = c
λpw =twλp, the limiting slenderness for a compact web, defined in Table
B4.1b
F5. MIEMBROS λpw DE = λB4.1b
pSECCIÓN
, the limitingH DE SIMETRÍA
slenderness forDOBLE
a compact Y SIMPLE CON ALMAS
web, defined in Table
F5. DOUBLY SYMMETRIC
λ
ESBELTAS FLECTADOS
rw λr, theAND
=B4.1b ENSINGLY
limitingTORNO SYMMETRIC
A SU EJE
slenderness for aMAYOR I-SHAPED
noncompact web, defined in Table
MEMBERS WITH λrw = SLENDER
λB4.1b
r, the limiting WEBS BENTfor
slenderness ABOUT THEIRweb, defined in Table
a noncompact
Esta sección aplica para miembros de sección H de simetría doble y simple con almas
MAJOR AXIS
esbeltas conectadas B4.1b
a la mitad del ancho de alas y flectados en torno a su eje mayor como
F5. DOUBLY SYMMETRIC AND SINGLY SYMMETRIC I-SHAPED
se define
This section en la Sección
applies toWITH B4.1symmetric
doubly para flexión.
and singly symmetric I-shaped members
F5. DOUBLYMEMBERS SYMMETRIC SLENDER WEBS
AND SINGLY BENT ABOUT
SYMMETRIC THEIR
I-SHAPED
with slender
La resistencia de flexión
webs attached tonominal, Mn, debe
the mid-width of ser
theelflanges
menorand
valor obtenido
bent about de acuerdo
their majorcon los
MAJOR
MEMBERS AXIS
deWITH SLENDER WEBS BENT pandeoABOUT THEIR
axis asestados límites
defined fluencia
in Section B4.1del
forala en compresión,
flexure. lateral-torsional, pandeo local del
alaMAJOR
en compresión,
This AXIS
section y fluencia
applies del alasymmetric
to doubly en tracción.and singly symmetric I-shaped members
The nominal flexural strength, Mn, shall be the lowest value obtained according to
withsection
slenderapplies
webs attached to the mid-width ofsingly
the flanges and bent about their major
the limitThis
states of compression to doubly symmetric
flange yielding, and symmetric
lateral-torsional buckling,I-shaped members
compres-
axis as
withlocal defined
slender webs in Section
attached B4.1 for
to theflangeflexure.
mid-width of the flanges and bent about their major
1. Fluencia
sion flange delbuckling,
Ala en Compresión
and tension yielding.
axis as defined in Section B4.1 for flexure.
The nominal flexural strength, Mn, shall be the lowest value obtained according to
1.
Compression Flange Yielding Mn = RpgFySxc (F5-1)
the nominal
The limit states of compression
flexural strength, Mflange yielding, lateral-torsional buckling, compres-
n, shall be the lowest value obtained according to
sion
the flange
limit local
states Mn =and
of buckling,
compression Rpg tension flange yielding.
Fy Sxc yielding,
flange (F5-1)
lateral-torsional buckling, compres-
2. Pandeo
sion Lateral-Torsional
flange local buckling, and tension flange yielding.
2. 1. Compression Flange Yielding
Lateral-Torsional Buckling
1. Mn = RpgFcrSxc
Compression Flange Yielding (F5-2)
Mn = RpgM
Fcr
nS=xcRpg Fy Sxc (F5-2) (F5-1)
2. When
(a) Lb ≤ Lp, the limit state
Lateral-Torsional Buckling Mn = Rpg Fy Sxcbuckling does not apply.
of lateral-torsional (F5-1)
(a) Cuando L ≤ L , no aplica el estado límite de pandeo lateral-torsional
2. When
(b) Lp < Lb ≤ Lb r p Buckling M = R F S
Lateral-Torsional (F5-2)
n pg cr xc
⎡ ⎛ L − L ⎞ ⎤
− ( 0.3statey )n⎜of lateral-torsional
FM = Rpg Fcr Sxc
b p
apply.(F5-2)
(b) (a) Cuando
When L b≤
FLcr <=L ⎢LFy limit
LCpb b,≤the ⎝ Lr − L p ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
⎥ ≤ Fy buckling does not(F5-3)
p ⎢⎣ r
(a) WhenLL ≤<LL, the
(b)When ≤ Llimit state of lateral-torsional buckling does not apply.
(c) When Lb > Lr b p p b r
(b) When Lp < Lb ≤ Lr ⎡ ⎛ Lb − L p ⎞ ⎤
Fcr = CbC⎢bFπy 2−E( 0.3Fy ) ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ≤ Fy (F5-3)
(F5-3)
Fcr = ⎢ ⎡ ≤ Fy ⎛ ⎝LLb r−−LLpp⎞ ⎠⎤ ⎥⎦
Fcr = Cb ⎢⎛⎣FLy b−⎞(20.3Fy ) ⎜
(F5-4)
⎟⎥ ≤ Fy (F5-3)
AISC_PART 16_A_Spec. (c) E-F
When Lb > Lr
(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 ⎢⎣⎜ 2016-11-30 − LPM
⎝ Lr1:47 p⎠⎥
⎦ Page 55 (Black plate)
⎝ ⎟
⎠
(c) CuandoLbL>
(c) When <L
b Lr r
rt
Cb π 2 E
Fcr = 2 2
≤ Fy (F5-4)
C⎛b π
Lb E ⎞
Fcr = ⎜ ⎟2 ≤ Fy (F5-4)
⎛ ⎝Lbrt⎞ ⎠ (F5-4)
Sect. F5.] DOUBLY SYMMETRIC AND SINGLY ⎜SYMMETRIC I-SHAPED MEMBERS 16.1-55
⎝ r ⎟⎠ July 7, 2016
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings,
t
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Donde:
where
LLppse
is define
definedporbylaEquation
Ecuación F4-7.
F4-7
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
E Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
LLrr ==pπr
rtt
0.7 Fy
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (F5-5)
(F5-5)
Sect. F5.] E
DOUBLY SYMMETRIC AND SINGLY SYMMETRIC I-SHAPED MEMBERS 16.1-55
16.1-104
Sect.
where = πrt SYMMETRIC
LrDOUBLY DISEÑO DESINGLY
MIEMBROS EN FLEXIÓN [CAP. F]
(F5-5)
16.1-55
Sect. F5.]F5.] DOUBLY 0.7 Fy
SYMMETRIC ANDAND
SINGLY SYMMETRIC
SYMMETRIC I-SHAPED
I-SHAPED MEMBERS 16.1-55
MEMBERS
Lp is defined by Equation F4-7
rwhere esrtel = radio effective
de giro E radius
efectivoof gyration
para pandeo for lateral
lateral-torsional
como se define buckling as defined
en la Sección F4,incmSection
(mm).
where
t
whereL r = F4, πrt in. (mm) (F5-5)
Lp is defined 0 . 7 by
F Equation F4-7
RLpg L esp defined
el, the
factor de byreducción
y dereduction
resistenciafactor, en flexión:
pR ispgis defined bending
by Equation
strength
Equation F4-7 F4-7 is:
rLt == effective E radius of gyration for lateral-torsional buckling as defined in Section
r πrt E E (F5-5)
L =
L =
πr πr
F4, t 0
in. . 7 F
(mm)y a ⎛ h E ⎞ (F5-5)
(F5-5)
(F5-6)
r r t w c
R , the 70F.y7 F
0.bending = 1 − reduction factor,
Rypg strength ⎜ −is:5.7 ⎟ ≤ 1 .0 (F5-6)
rt = effective radius of1gyration
pg , 200 + 300 foralateral-torsional
w ⎝ tw Fy ⎠buckling as defined in Section
= effective
rt r=t effective F4, in.radius radius
(mm) of gyration
of gyration forfor lateral-torsional
lateral-torsional buckling
buckling as defined
as defined in Section
in Section
F4, in. (mm) a ⎛ hc E ⎞
y Rpg, the bending
and F4, in. (mm) R pg strength
= 1 − reduction factor,
w
+ 300 ⎜ t −is: 5.7 ⎟ ≤ 1 .0 (F5-6)
RpgR, pg a,wthe
the bending
is defined
bending strength
by Equation
strength reduction
1reduction
, 200 F4-12, awfactor,
factor, but w is:not F
⎝ shall
is: y⎠
exceed 10
aw se define por Ecuación F4-12 pero no debe exceder de 10.
aw ⎛ hc E⎞
3. Compression
and Flange
R pg = 1 −Local Buckling
a ⎛ ⎛⎜ hc − 5.7E ⎞E ⎞⎟ ≤ 1.0 (F5-6)
a w
R=pg1=−1 − 1, 200w + 300 a⎜ w c⎜⎝ − h tw5−.75.7 Fy≤⎟⎠1≤ 1 . 0 (F5-6)
R . 0 (F5-6)
a is defined by Equation F4-12, but
tw⎝Ftcrshall
wSxc not Fy ⎟⎠F
exceed 10
pg
3. PandeowLocal de Ala en1,Compresión 1, 200
200 + 300M +n300a=wRa⎝pg w y⎠ (F5-7)
3. and
Compression
(a) For sectionsFlange Local Buckling
with compact flanges, the limit state of compression flange local
andandaw is defined by Equation F4-12, but shall not exceed 10
buckling does not apply.
is defined
aw aisw defined by by Equation
Equation F4-12,M n =but
F4-12, Rpg but Fcrshall
shall xc not
Snot exceed
exceed 10 10 (F5-7)
(F5-7)
3. Compression
(b) For sectionsFlange Local Buckling
with noncompact flanges
3. 3. Compression
Compression
(a) For sections Flange Flange
withLocalLocal
compact Buckling
Buckling flanges, the limit state of compression flange local
⎡ M = R F⎛ Sλ − λ pf ⎞ ⎤
−n (=0.R3pg y ) ⎜aplica
buckling does not apply. = (F5-7)
(a) Para secciones con alas compactas, Fno Srfxc−elλ pfestado
⎟⎠ ⎥ límite de pandeo local del ala
F cr xc (F5-8)
cr ⎢ FMy (F5-7)
M⎢ = nRpg F pgcrF S⎝cr λ ⎥ (F5-7)
(b)
(a) Foren compresión
sections with noncompact ⎣ n
flanges
xc
with compact flanges, the limit state of compression flange local ⎦
(a) (a)ForFor
(c) sections
sections withwith
with compact
slender
compact flanges,
flanges
⎡flanges, thethe limit limit state
state of of compression
compression flange
flange local
local
(b) bucklingPara secciones does not
conapply. compactas ⎛ λ − λ pf ⎞ ⎤
buckling
buckling does does not not Falas
apply.
apply.
no
cr = ⎢ Fy − ( 0.3Fy ) ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ (F5-8)
(b) For sections with noncompact ⎢⎣ Fcr flanges =
0.9 Ek ⎝ λcrf − λ pf ⎠ ⎥⎦ (F5-9)
(b)(b) ForFor sections
sections with with noncompact
noncompact flangesflanges
⎡ flanges ⎛ b f ⎛⎞ 2λ − λ pf ⎞ ⎤
(c) For sections with Fcr⎡= ⎡⎢ Fy − ( 0.3⎜F⎛y )λ⎛⎜⎟−λλ− λ ⎞pf⎤ ⎞⎟ ⎤⎥
slender (F5-8)
(F5-8)
Fcr F=cr⎢=Fy⎢⎣−Fy( 0−.3( 0F.y3⎝)0F⎜2.y9t)Ek f⎝
⎜⎝⎠λλrf pf− λ pf⎥ ⎠⎟ ⎥⎦
crf − λ⎟pf ⎠
(F5-8)
(F5-8)
⎢
⎣ ⎣⎢ Fcr = ⎝ λrf −2 λ pf ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎦⎥ (F5-9)
(c)
where For sections with slender flanges ⎛ ⎞
b
(c)(c)
(c)
ForFor Para secciones
sections
sections 4 with conslender
with
slenderalasflanges
esbeltas
flanges
⎜⎝0less
f
⎟ c 0.35 nor greater than 0.76 for calcu-
kc = and shall not beFtaken 2.9t Ek
f ⎠than
h tw lation purposes Fcr 0= . 9 0Ek.9cEkc2 (F5-9)
where Fcr =cr = ⎛ b f2 ⎞ 2 (F5-9)
(F5-9)
b fc4 ⎛ b ⎛⎜f b⎞ f ⎞⎟ (F5-9)
⎝ 2 t f ⎠⎟
λkc = and shall not be taken ⎜⎝ 2 t⎜⎝ less ⎟ than 0.35 nor greater than 0.76 for calcu-
2 thfc tw lation purposes f2⎠t f ⎠
where
where where
donde: λpf = λp,4the limiting slenderness for a compact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
kc = b and shallslenderness
not be taken
λ rf = 4 λr,fc4the limiting forless than 0.35 nor
a noncompact greater
flange, than 0.76
defined for calcu-
in Table B4.1b
kkcc k=
c = 2 th tand
= fc
wy noand debe
shall
shall
lation tomarse
not not
be be
purposes menor
taken taken lessless que
than 0,35
than0.35 ni
0.35 mayor
nor nor que 0,76
greater
greater para
than
than 0.76 propósitos
0.76
forfor de
calcu-
calcu-
h t
λpf = λbFlange cálculo.
4. Tension h tw lation w lation purposes
Yielding
purposes
,
pfc the limiting slenderness for a compact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
λ b= b fc
(a) λ
λ When
rf =
= fcλ
2 rt,Sfcthe limiting slenderness for a noncompact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
xt ≥ Sxc, the limit state of tension flange yielding does not apply.
λ =
λ =
2 t
2=t fcλ , the limiting slenderness for a compact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
fc
4. (b) λpf
Tension When pSxt < Sxc
Flange Yielding
λ=pf λ=
λλpfpf = λ pes λthe,, the
the limiting slenderness for a compact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
λ rf = p
,λ rpla esbeltez
limiting
limitinglímite para alaM
slenderness
slenderness for compacta,
=a compact
nfor Sxt Tabla
Fay noncompact B4.1b
flange, defined
flange, in Table
defined B4.1b
in Table B4.1b
(F5-10)
rf λ=
λ(a) rf λ=r, λthe
When r,Sthe ≥ limiting
Sxc, the
xtlimiting slenderness
limit statefor
slenderness offoratensiona noncompact
noncompact flangeflange, flange,
yielding defined
does
defined not in Table
apply.
in Table B4.1b
B4.1b
4. = λr esFlange
λTension
rf
la esbeltez límite para ala no compacta, Tabla B4.1b
Yielding
4. (b)
Tension Sxt < Sxc
WhenFlange Yielding
4. Tension Flange Yielding
(a) When Sxt ≥ Sxc, the limit stateMof n= Fy Sxt flange yielding does not apply. (F5-10)
tension
4. (a) (a) When
Fluencia
When Sdel S
≥
xt S Ala
xtS ≥ S , the limit
xc en Tracción
, the
xc limit state
state of of tension
tension flange
flange yielding
yielding does
does notnot apply.
apply.
(b) When xt < Sxc
(b) When S <S
(b)Cuando
When SSxtxt≥<SxtxcS,xcnoxcaplica el estado M n=F
límite de
y Sfluencia
xt del ala en tracción. (F5-10)
MnM =nF=y SFxty Sxt (F5-10)
(F5-10)
Cuando Sxt < Ssc Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Mn = FySxt (F5-10)
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Especificación paraStructural
Specification for Construcciones Julio7,7,2016
de Acero,July
Steel Buildings, 2016
American
AMERICAN IStructuralof S
nstitute OF
INSTITUTE Steel Construction
CONSTRUCTION
Specification
Specification for
for Structural SteelSteel JulyJuly
Buildings,
TEEL
Buildings, 7, 2016
7, 2016
AMERICAN
AMERICAN INSTITUTE
INSTITUTE OF S
OF STEEL
TEEL CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
2 2AISC_PART
AISC_PART
AISC_PART 16_A_Spec.
16_A_Spec.
16_A_Spec. E-F(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016
E-FE-F (33-69)_15th_Ed._2016
(33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 2016-11-30
2016-11-30
2016-11-30 1:48PM
1:481:48
PM PMPage
PagePage 56 (Black
(Black
56 56(Black plate)
plate)
plate)
AISC_PART 16_A_Spec. E-F (33-69)_15th_Ed._2016 2016-11-30 1:48 PM Page 56 (Black plate)
[CAP. F]
16.1-56 DISEÑO
I-SHAPED MEMBERS AND DE MIEMBROS
CHANNELS EN ABOUT
BENT FLEXIÓN
THEIR MINOR AXIS 105-16.1
[Sect. F6.
F6.
16.1-56
16.1-56 MIEMBROS
16.1-56 I-SHAPED
I-SHAPED DE
I-SHAPED SECCIÓN
MEMBERS
MEMBERS
MEMBERS AND
AND H
AND Y CANALES
CHANNELS
CHANNELS
CHANNELS BENT
BENT FLECTADOS
BENT ABOUT
ABOUT
ABOUT THEIR
THEIR
THEIR EN TORNO
MINOR
MINOR
MINOR AXIS
AXIS A SU
AXIS EJE
[Sect.
[Sect.
[Sect. F6. F6.
F6.
F6. MENOR
16.1-56 I-SHAPED MEMBERS
I-SHAPED MEMBERS AND CHANNELS
AND CHANNELS BENT ABOUTBENT ABOUT
THEIR THEIR
MINOR AXIS [Sect. F6.
MINOR AXIS
F6. Esta sección aplica
I-SHAPED para miembros
MEMBERS ANDde sección H y canales
CHANNELS flectados
BENT en torno
ABOUT a su eje menor.
THEIR
F6.F6. I-SHAPED
I-SHAPED
This section
MEMBERS
MEMBERS AND
AND
applies to I-shaped
CHANNELS
CHANNELS BENT
BENT
members and BENT
ABOUT
ABOUT
channels bent
THEIR
THEIR
about their minor axis.
F6. I-SHAPED
La MEMBERS
resistencia AND CHANNELS
de flexión nominal, , debe ser el menor ABOUT
valor obtenidoTHEIR
de acuerdo con los
MINORMINOR
MINOR AXIS
AXIS
AXIS
estados
MINOR límites de fluencia
AXISflexural
The nominal (momento
strength, Mn, plástico) y pandeo
shall be the lower local
valuedel ala.
obtained according to the
This This section
section applies totoI-shaped
I-shaped members andchannels channels bent about their minor axis.
This
This limit section
sectionstates ofapplies
applies
applies
to I-shaped
yielding
to I-shaped (plastic membersmembers
moment)
members
and
and andand channels
flange local
channels
bentbent about
bent buckling.
about their their
about their minor axis.
minor minoraxis.axis.
TheThe Thenominal
nominal nominal flexural flexural
flexural strength,
strength,
strength, Mn,Mshall M , shall
n,nshallbe the bebethe thelower
lower lower
value value
value obtained
obtained
obtained according
according
according totothe
to the the
1. Fluencia
1. TheYieldingnominal flexural strength, Mn, shall be theand lower value obtained according to the
limit limit limit
states states
states ofofyielding
of yielding yielding (plastic (plastic
(plasticmoment) moment)
moment) andand flange flange
flange local local
localbuckling. buckling.
buckling.
limit states of yielding (plastic Mnmoment)
= Mp = Fand flange local buckling.
y Zy ≤ 1.6Fy Sy (F6-1)
(F6-1)
1. 1.1. Yielding Yielding
Yielding
where
1. Yielding
Sy = elastic sectionMmodulus nM=M nM n=p=M =M taken
pFp=
= Fabout
y ZFyy≤ y ≤1.6F
ZyyZ1.6F
≤ the
1.6F
y Syy Syy y
S in.3 (mm3)
y-axis, (F6-1)
(F6-1)
(F6-1)
Donde M = M = F Z ≤ 1.6F S (F6-1)
wherewhere Z
where y = plastic section modulus
n p taken y about
y the y y-axis,
y in. 3
(mm 3
)
where SSFlange ==Módulo
Sy= =elastic de
elastic sección
section
section elástico
modulus
modulus respecto taken
taken delabout
about ejethe y,the cm 3
(mm
y-axis,
in.33in.
3
)in.
3 3 3(mm
(mm 3 3)
2. yy S y elastic Local section Bucklingmodulus taken about the y-axis, y-axis, (mm 3) )3
Sy =Zyelastic section modulus taken about the y-axis, in. (mm )
= =plastic
3
Zyy =Z =yMódulo plastic de secciónsection
section modulus
plástico
modulus taken
respecto
taken about
del
about ejethe thecm
y, y-axis,
(mm
3 in.3in. 3in.
)3 (mm3(mm 3 )
Z plastic section modulus taken about the y-axis, y-axis, (mm 3) )
Z(a) y =For plastic
sections section with modulus
compact taken aboutthe
flanges, thelimit y-axis, state in.3of(mm flange ) local buckling does
2. 2.2. FlangeFlangeFlange Local LocalLocal Buckling
Buckling
Buckling
2. Flangenot apply.
Local Buckling
2. (a)Pandeo
(a) (a)For
For For Local sections
sections
sections de
withAla with
with compact
compact
compact flanges, flanges,
flanges, thethe thelimit
limit limit
state state
state ofofflange
of flange flangelocal local
local buckling buckling
buckling does does
does
(a) For sections not
User apply.Note: with All compact
current flanges,A6the
ASTM W, limit
S, M, state
C and of MC flange shapes localexcept buckling W21× does48,
(a) notnot Para
apply.apply.secciones con alas compactas, no aplica el estado límite de pandeo local.
not apply.W14×99, W14×90, W12×65, W10×12, W8×31, W8×10, W6×15, W6×9,
Nota:
User Todos
W6×8.5
User
UserNote: Note: los
Note:
Allperfiles
andAll M4×6
All
current actuales
current have
current
ASTM ASTM ASTM
ASTMcompact
A6 A6 W, A6A6S,W,
W, W,
flanges
S,S,
M, S,CM,
M, M, CatC,
and CandMC yy MC
Fand MC 50excepto
=shapes
MC ksi
shapes
shapes (345
exceptW21x48,MPa).
except
except W21× W14x99,
W21×
W21× 48,48, 48,
UserW14×99,
W14x90, Note: W12x65, W10x12,
All W14×90,
current ASTM W8x31,
W12×65, A6 W, W8x10,
S, M, C
W10×12, W6x15,and MC
W8×31, W6x9, shapes W6x8.5
W8×10, except y W21×
W6×15,M4x6 48,
tienen
W6×9,
W14×99,W14×99, W14×90,
W14×90, W12×65,
W12×65, W10×12,
W10×12, W8×31, W8×31, W8×10, W8×10, W6×15, W6×15, W6×9,
W6×9,
(b)alas compactas
W14×99,
For
W6×8.5 W6×8.5
sections
W6×8.5 andand para
W14×90,
and
with
M4×6 FM4×6
M4×6 3520
ynoncompact
have kgf/cm
W12×65,
have
have
compact compact
2
(345
W10×12,
compact
flanges MPa).
flanges
flanges
flanges
W8×31,
at FatyatF =yF50
W8×10,
y= =50 ksi 50ksiksi(345
(345
W6×15,
(345
MPa). MPa).
MPa).
W6×9,
W6×8.5 and M4×6 have compact flanges at Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa).
(b) (b) Para seccioneswith con=noncompact
alas ⎛ λ − λ pf ⎞
Forsections
sections M Mpno − (compactas
M pflanges 0.7 Fy S y ) ⎜
−flanges (F6-2)
⎝ λ rf − λ pf ⎟⎠
(b) (b) ForFor sections withwith nnoncompact
noncompact flanges
(b) For sections with noncompact flanges
⎛ λ−λ ⎞
(c) For sectionsM nM =M nM n=p=M −Mp( pM
−(pM(−Mp0−.p7−0F.y07S.F7yyF)S⎛⎜y⎛yS)λyλ⎛⎜)−⎜−λλλλ−pfpfλ−⎞⎟pf⎞λpf⎞⎟ ⎟
− flanges (F6-2)
(F6-2)
(F6-2)
(F6-2)
M n = Mp − ( M p − 0.7 Fy S y )⎝⎜λ rf⎝ λ⎝−rfλrf−pfλ⎠⎟pf pf⎠ ⎠
with slender (F6-2)
⎝ λ rf − λ pf ⎠
(c)
(c)(c) (c)
ForFor For sections
sections
sections withwithwith slender
slender
slender flanges
flanges M
flanges n = F cr S y (F6-3)
(c) For Para sections secciones con alasflanges
with slender esbeltas
where
0.69 E Mn M =MnFn=
=Sycr
cr F
Fcr SySy (F6-3)
(F6-3)
(F6-3)
(F6-3)
Fcr = Mn = Fcr Sy (F6-3)
(F6-4)
where donde:
where where ⎛ b ⎞ 2
where 0.69 0.69 ⎟E E
FcrF=cr =0⎜⎝.Et69
Fcr0=.69 E f ⎠ 2 (F6-4)
(F6-4)
(F6-4)
Fcr = ⎛ b⎛⎞⎛b2 b⎞ 2⎞ 2 (F6-4)
b ⎜⎛=b⎜for (F6-4)
⎟⎠⎞t⎜⎝f tflanges
⎝⎜t f⎝channels, ⎟⎠f ⎟⎠ of I-shaped members, half the full flange width, bf ; for flanges of
⎝ tf ⎠ ⎟ the full nominal dimension of the flange, in. (mm)
t =
= =for
thickness
for flanges of the flange,
ofofI-shaped
I-shaped in. (mm)
members, half thefull full flange width, b ;flanges
bb b== para fbfor alas
flanges flangesdeofsecciones
I-shaped H, lamembers,
members, mitad de la
half halfthe longitud
thefull completa
flange flange width, del
width, bfala, , for
f ;bffor
; bfor para flanges
alas
flanges ofof
of de
b = for flanges of I-shaped members, half the full flange width, f ; forf flanges of
b(mm)
canales, bchannels,
channels,
channels, la the thefull
dimensión
the
full fullnominal
nominal
nominal
nominal dimension
completa
dimension
dimension ofdelthe ofthe
ofala, the
cm.
flange, flange,
flange,(mm) in. in.
(mm)in.(mm)
λ channels,
= thickness the full nominal dimension(mm) of the flange, in. (mm)
tf tf=tfthickness = =thickness
t f delofala, ofofthe
the the flange,
flange,
flange, in. in. in.(mm)
(mm)
ttf f = espesor
= thickness of thecm. (mm)in. (mm)
flange,
b bb
λ λλ=λpf b===λtp, the limiting slenderness for a compact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
λ λ=rf t f= λ
λ = tf f
t f r, the limiting slenderness for a noncompact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
λ λ=p,=λthe λ,pthe,limiting
thelimiting
limiting slenderness afor a acompact compactflange, flange,defined defined ininTableTable B4.1b
λλλpf λ=
pfpf =
= pf pf
es
λp=la
, the
pesbeltez
limiting límite slenderness
slenderness
para ala compacta,
slenderness
for for
for for
compact
a compact Tablaflange, B4.1b defined
flange, defineddefined
in Table
in TableinB4.1b
B4.1b
B4.1b
λ λ
λrf =rf λr, the rf= λ λ , ,
the the limiting
limiting slenderness
slenderness for a a noncompact
noncompact
r limiting slenderness for a noncompact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
r flange,
flange, defined in Table
Table B4.1b
B4.1b
λλrf = rf
=λ esr,lathe esbeltez
limiting límite para ala no
slenderness forcompacta,
a noncompact Tabla flange, B4.1b defined in Table B4.1b
(2)
(2) For
(1) Parabox
For box sections
secciones cajón
E ⎛ 0.34
sections E ⎞
be = 1.92 t f
1− ≤b (F7-5)
FEy ⎜⎝⎛ b0./34t FEy ⎟⎠⎞ (F7-5)
bbe = 1.92 t f E ⎛11 − 0.34f E ⎞ ≤b (F7-5)
e = 1.92 t f F ⎜ − ⎟ ≤b (F7-5)
3. Web Local Buckling Fyy ⎝⎜⎝ bb // tt ff Fyy ⎠⎟⎠
F
3. 3. Pandeo
Web Local
Localde Alma
Buckling
3. Web
(a) Local
For Buckling
compact sections, the limit state of web local buckling does not apply.
(a) (b)
Para
(a) secciones
For compactcompactas,
sections with no aplica
noncompact
sections, the el estado
limitwebs
state límite
of web de pandeo
local local
buckling doesdelnot
alma.
apply.
(a) For compact sections, the limit state of web local buckling does not apply.
(b) Para secciones
(b) For sectionscon almas
with no compactas
noncompact webs
(b) For sections with noncompact webs