TABLA DE COMPOSICIÓN DE ALIMENTOS EN BASE

INGREDIENTE PC % EM (Mcal/kg)
Sal Mineral 0.00 0.00
Superphos 0.00 0.00
Alfalfa H. (Inic. Florac.) 19.50 2.35
Avena H. (Secad sol) 14.00 2.73
Cebada H (Secad sol) 8.50 2.08
Balanceado NRC 19.11 2.98
Maiz harina 10.00 3.34
Soya harina (solv.) 49.90 3.29
Soya cáscara 12.10 2.98
Cerveza, borra (deshidratada) 25.40 2.49
Sorgo harina 9.70 3.12
Trigo, afrechillo 17.80 2.48

CALCULANDO CON "SOLVER" LA RACIÓN BA

RESTRICCIONES INGREDIENTE CANT. (kg MS) PC (kg)

Sal Mineral 0.00 0.00
Superphos 1.19 0.00
15 Alfalfa H. (Inic. Florac.) 15.00 2.93
10 Avena H. (Secad sol) 10.00 1.40
Cebada H (Secad sol) 0.00 0.00
5 Balanceado NRC 15.00 2.87
15 Maiz harina 20.00 2.00
30 Soya harina (solv.) 14.16 7.07
10 Soya cáscara 14.65 1.77
Cerveza, borra (deshidratada) 0.00 0.00
Sorgo harina 10.00 0.97
Trigo, afrechillo 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 100.00 19.00

REQUERIMIENTOS DEL ANIMAL

Requerimiento de una vaca en PC (%)

producción
Requerimiento 19.00
 E.M. (Mcal/kg) P (g/kg)

2.19 2.6
2.12 2.5
2.59 2.1
2.35 1.9
2.73 3.2
2.08 3.1
2.176813 16.098
1.9070166 14.432
2.97687536949659 6
1.73 0.5
P.C. (g/kg) 2.48 12.2
5.29 7.6
228 0 95
109
133
195
140
85
150.8
118
191.0765
39
178
267
0
ÓN DE ALIMENTOS EN BASE SECA

Ca % P% PRECIO Bs/kg % MS POR 100

15.60 9.50 5.00 99.0% 5
17.00 9.50 4.00 99.0%
1.40 0.19 0.50 90.1% X=
0.30 0.32 0.90 89.9%
0.21 0.31 1.00 87.0%
1.22 0.60 2.10 89.6% X=
0.03 0.29 2.07 88.0%
0.30 0.68 3.91 89.0%
0.49 0.21 1.09 91.0% POR 1
0.33 0.55 7.50 92.0% 5
0.04 0.34 1.96 87.0%
0.64 1.22 1.20 88.8% X=

ON "SOLVER" LA RACIÓN BALANCEADA X=

EM (Mcal) Ca (kg) P (kg) TOTAL Bs CANT. Kg TCO

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.20 0.11 4.77 1.20
35.25 0.21 0.03 7.50 16.65
27.30 0.03 0.03 9.00 11.12
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.65 0.18 0.09 31.50 16.73
66.80 0.01 0.06 41.30 22.73
46.59 0.04 0.10 55.42 15.91
43.64 0.07 0.03 15.92 16.09
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
31.20 0.00 0.03 19.57 11.49
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
295.44 0.75 0.48 184.98

1.85 Bs/kg Ración

UERIMIENTOS DEL ANIMAL

EM (Mcal/kg) Ca (%) P (%)

3.10 0.75 0.47

M.S. KG ALFA HENO 19.50 KG PC
M.S. KG ALFA HENO X

5kg MS alfa heno x 19.5 kg PC

100 kgMS alfa heno

0.98 kg PC

M.S. KG ALFA HENO 2.35 Mcal EM

M.S. KG ALFA HENO X

5kg MS alfa heno x 2,35 Mcal EM

1 kgMS alfa heno

11.75 Mcal EM
 TABLA DE COMPOSICION DE ALIMENTOS MAS UTILIZADOS EN LA PRODUCCION LECHERA
( CON 100 % DE MATERIA SECA )
ALIMENTO M.S. % P.C. (g/kg) E.M. (Mcal/kg) Ca (g/kg) P (g/kg) P.C./E.M.
ALIMENTOS FRESCOS
Alfalfa V. (vegetativa) 18.4% 241.0 2.4 15.5 2.8 101.3
Alfalfa V. (antes-florc.) 27.6% 219.0 2.3 15.1 3.4 97.3
Alfalfa V. (inicio-florc.) 24.5% 228.0 2.2 16.4 2.6 104.1
Alfalfa V. (20-50% florc.) 28.7% 218.0 2.2 15.8 3.0 97.3
Alfalfa V. (florc. completa) 45.7% 198.0 2.2 18.2 2.4 90.0
Algas V. (llacho) 5.3% 233.9 2.0 9.6 4.1 114.9
Avena V. 20.0% 140.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 51.3
Avena V. (57-70 dias Crecim) 14.8% 182.0 2.5 ? ? 71.7
Avena V. (leche) 25.0% 109.0 2.1 5.1 2.5 51.4
Avena V. (madura) 34.7% 75.0 2.4 5.1 2.5 31.9
Avena V. (masa) 23.4% 100.0 2.2 3.1 2.2 46.3
Brachiaria V. 0.0%
Cebada V. (antes-florc.) 11.5% 229.0 3.1 ? ? 75.1
Cebada V. (est. leche) 23.0% 133.0 2.6 3.7 2.1 51.4
Cebada V. (est. masa) 25.7% 497.0 2.7 4.1 1.9 182.1
Cebada V. (madura) 29.3% 118.0 2.9 3.6 2.4 41.1
Haba V. sin semilla 33.5% 206.0 2.4 87.7
Kikuyo V. (P. clandestinum) 20.5% 86.0 2.1 3.0 2.1 40.3
Kudzú V. 0.0%
Lolium V. 25.0% 35.0 0.6 1.6 1.0 63.6
Maiz chala picada V. 29.0% 84.0 2.3 3.4 1.9 36.4
Panicum máximum V. 0.0%
Pennisetum glaucum V. 21.0% 85.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 37.4
Pennisetum purpureum V. 20.0% 87.0 2.0 6.0 4.1 43.5
Sorgo forrajero V. 23.0% 8.8 2.4 4.3 3.5
Totora V. 22.8% 116.6 2.2 16.2 7.0 53.5
Trebol rojo V. (fase ??) 13.9% 195.0 2.7 16.3 2.8 73.6
Trebol rojo V. (fase ??) 28.0% 128.0 3.3 6.4 1.6 39.0
Zanahoria V. 10.2% 74.0 2.3 3.0 3.0 31.8

ALIMENTOS CONSERVADOS
Alfalfa H. (vegetativa) 82.6% 184.0 2.1 10.7 1.7 89.8
Alfalfa H. (Inic. Florac.) 90.1% 195.0 2.4 14.0 1.9 83.0
Alfalfa H. (florac. 20-50%) 89.4% 160.0 2.1 16.4 2.6 78.0
Alfalfa H. (florac. completa) 84.9% 111.0 2.0 ? ? 54.7
Alfalfa H. 90.0% 170.0 2.1 14.1 2.4 79.8
Avena H. (madura) 90.0% 62.0 2.0 ? ? 31.0
Avena H. (Secad sol) 89.9% 140.0 2.7 3.0 3.2 51.3
Avena H. 90.0% 140.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 51.3
Avena Paja 92.1% 48.0 1.9 2.6 4.4 25.3
Caña bagazo 75.0% 58.0 2.8 10.0 1.1 21.0
Cebada H (Secad sol) 87.0% 85.0 2.1 2.1 3.1 40.9
Cebada H. (madura) 88.0% ? ? ? ? #VALUE!
Cebada Paja (rastrojo) 91.0% 39.0 1.7 2.4 0.5 22.5
Haba Paja (rastrojo) 94.9% 53.0 1.8 17.3 2.0 29.1
Maiz chala 94.9% 73.0 2.0 19.6 14.0 37.1
Maiz chala (seca) 85.0% 59.0 1.8 5.7 1.0 33.1
Sorgo chala 88.0% 52.0 2.0 5.2 1.3 26.5
Trebol rojo H. (10% florac.) 90.9% 180.0 2.2 1.4 2.9 81.1
Trebol rojo H. (antes-florac.) 92.1% 217.0 2.4 18.4 4.2 91.9

ENSILAJE
Alfalfa, ensilaje 28.7% 165.0 2.2 18.2 2.6 75.0
Avena, ensilaje 19.6% 125.0 2.1 6.7 6.9 60.7
Cebada, ensilaje 35.0% 87.0 2.0 2.3 2.6 42.6
Maiz ensilae (s/Choclo) Granja 31.0% 59.0 2.0 3.8 3.1 29.5
Maiz ensilaje (c/Choclo Compra 33.0% 81.0 2.7 2.3 2.2 30.3
Maiz, ensilaje (leche) 23.4% 62.0 2.3 2.8 2.4 27.6
Maiz, ensilaje (masa) 25.5% 100.0 2.2 10.6 17.1 45.5
Trebol rojo, ensilaje 38.7% 141.0 2.1 ? ? 66.5

ALIMENTOS CONCENTRADOS
Afrechillo de arroz 91.0% 141.0 2.7 0.8 17.0 52.8
Algodón harina (mec.) 92.0% 419.0 2.8 2.0 10.4 149.6
Algodón, cáscara 89.3% 64.0 1.6 3.2 1.0 41.3
Algodón, semilla 91.5% 229.0 2.8 1.5 7.3 82.7
Algodón, torta 91.6% 454.0 1.9 2.0 12.2 237.7
Arroz afrecho 91.0% 141.0 2.7 0.8 17.0 52.8
Avena grano 89.0% 133.0 3.0 0.7 3.8 44.6
Avena, grano 88.9% 112.0 2.5 2.3 3.0 45.2
Avena, harina 90.3% 85.0 2.2 37.9
Balanceado 90.0% 180.0 3.2 57.1
Balanceado NRC 89.6% 191.1 3.0 12.2 6.0 64.2
Cebada, grano 89.7% 113.0 2.4 0.9 3.9 47.1
Cebada, harina 87.7% 121.0 1.9 63.0
Cerveza borra 21.0% 254.0 2.5 3.3 5.5 102.0
Cerveza Levadura (seca) 96.1% 472.0 1.9 30.0 140.0 248.4
Cerveza, borra (deshidratada) 92.0% 254.0 2.5 3.3 5.5 102.0
Cerveza, borra (fresca) 22.2% 269.5 2.4 2.6 8.3 114.2
Cerveza, borra (Orujo fresco) 21.0% 254.0 2.5 3.3 5.5 102.0
Cerveza, borra (seca) 92.3% 280.0 2.3 2.6 8.3 122.8
Girasol harina (solv.) 93.0% 498.0 2.5 4.4 9.8 203.3
Haba grano 90.4% 240.0 3.6 2.0 4.9 67.6
Maiz harina 88.0% 100.0 3.3 0.3 2.9 29.9
Maiz harina (subproducto) 90.0% 115.0 3.4 0.5 5.7 33.6
Maiz, frangollo 87.2% 105.0 2.8 2.0 2.2 38.0
Maiz, grano 89.1% 111.0 3.0 0.8 3.7 37.2
Maíz, harina 86.7% 104.0 2.2 46.8
Melaza de caña 75.0% 58.0 2.8 10.0 1.1 21.0
Sorgo harina 87.0% 97.0 3.1 0.4 3.4 31.1
Sorgo, grano 87.0% 110.0 2.9 2.9 0.2 37.7
Soya cáscara 91.0% 121.0 3.0 4.9 2.1 40.6
Soya harina (integral) 90.0% 477.0 3.3 2.9 6.8 142.8
Soya harina (solv.) 89.0% 499.0 3.3 3.0 6.8 151.7
Soya, cáscara 91.6% 135.0 2.0 5.0 2.3 66.2
Soya, torta (46 % PC) 84.6% 484.0 2.9 3.5 6.4 168.6
Trigo, afrechillo 88.8% 178.0 2.5 6.4 12.2 71.8

Leche Fresca 12.0% 267.0 5.3 9.5 7.6

MINERALES
Calcita 99.0% 0.0 380.0 0.0
Conchilla 99.9% 0.0 361.0 0.2
Fortamin 99.0% 0.0 103.0 47.0
Fortamin plus 99.0% 0.0 161.0 73.0
Fosfato dicalcico 99.0% 0.0 220.0 180.0
Fosfato monocalcico 99.0% 0.0 200.0 210.0
Fosfato tricalcico 99.0% 0.0 320.0 163.0
Harina hueso 95.0% 0.0 305.0 143.0
Superphos 99.0% 0.0 170.0 95.0
Veterphos 99.0% 0.0 70.0 100.0
Sal Mineral 99.0% 0.0 156.0 95.0

PASTOREO **
Epoca Humeda (Nov-Marz)
Alfalfa Past. Hum. (vegetativa) 38.4% 241.0 2.4 15.5 2.8 101.3
Alfalfa Past. Hum. (inicio-florc.) 27.6% 219.0 2.3 15.1 3.4 97.3
Alfalfa Past. Hum. (florac. 20 - 28.7% 218.0 2.2 15.8 3.0 97.3
Alfalfa Past. Hum. (florac. comp 45.7% 198.0 2.2 18.2 2.4 90.0
Bofedal Hum. 25.0% 176.7 2.3 61.5 19.2 76.2
Chillihuar - Gramadal Hum. 45.0% 150.8 2.2 32.8 16.1 69.3
Pastura Hum. 0.0% 269.7 2.4 10.7 2.8 112.6
Totorilla Hum. 22.8% 116.6 2.2 16.2 7.0 53.5

Epoca Seca (Abr-Oct)

Alfalfa Past.Sec. (vegetativa) 38.4% 241.0 2.4 15.5 2.8 101.3
Alfalfa Past.Sec. (inicio-florc.) 27.6% 219.0 2.3 15.1 3.4 97.3
Alfalfa Past.Sec. (florac. 20 - 5 28.7% 218.0 2.2 15.8 3.0 97.3
Alfalfa Past.Sec. (florac. comple 45.7% 198.0 2.2 18.2 2.4 90.0
Bofedal Sec. 30.0% 143.2 2.1 49.1 19.4 69.8
Chillihuar - Gramadal Sec. 85.0% 118.0 1.9 43.7 14.4 61.9
Pastura Sec. 0.0% 197.8 2.1 76.1 22.8 96.2
Totorilla Sec. 22.8% 116.6 2.2 16.2 7.0 53.5
Rastrojo Sec. (Avena, cebada) 91.0% 39.0 1.7 2.4 0.5 22.5

Fuente: McDowell, Conrad, Thomas, Harris, 1974. Latin American tables of feed composition. Florida. Ensminger M.E., Olentine, C.G., 1980. Estivariz D., 1995. Espinoza M. 1996.

* Calculado en funcion a su contenido de MS (Ej. Totora => 0.2279 kg de MS con 10,18%ceniza = 23,2 gr Ceniza, donde 70% = Ca y 30% = P).
** El dato original esta en ED (kcal/kg) y se transformo a EM, utilizando la formula: ME (Mcal/kg) = DE (Mcal/kg) * 0.82. ( McDowell et al, 1974).
Donde: M.S. % (T.C.O.) = Porcentaje de Materia Seca, (Tal Como se Ofrece al animal)

F.C. (g/kg) = Fibra Cruda, en gramos por kilogramo de Materia Seca de alimento

P.C. (g/kg) = Proteina Cruda, en gramos por kilogramo de Materia Seca de alimento

P.D. (g/kg) = Proteina Digestible, en gramos por kilogramo de Materia Seca de alimento

E.M. (Mcal/kg) = Energía Metabolizable, en Megacalorías por kilogramo de Materia Seca de alimento

Ca (g/kg) = Calcio, en gramos por kilogramo de Materia Seca de alimento

P (g/kg) = Fósforo, en gramos por kilogramo de Materia Seca de alimento

5.1 ALIMENTOS SELECCIONADOS PARA LA PAZ (ALTIPLANO)

ALIMENTO M.S. % P.C. (g/kg) E.M. (Mcal/kg) Ca (g/kg) P (g/kg) P.C./E.M.

ALIMENTO FRESCO:
Alfalfa V. (inicio-florc.) 24.5% 228.0 2.2 16.4 2.6 104.1
Avena V. (leche) 25.0% 109.0 2.1 5.1 2.5 51.4
Cebada V. (est. leche) 23.0% 133.0 2.6 3.7 2.1 51.4
0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
ALIMENTO CONSERVADO:
Alfalfa H. (Inic. Florac.) 90.1% 195.0 2.4 14.0 1.9 83.0
Avena H. (Secad sol) 89.9% 140.0 2.7 3.0 3.2 51.3
Cebada H (Secad sol) 87.0% 85.0 2.1 2.1 3.1 40.9
0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
PASTOREO:
Chillihuar - Gramadal Hum. 45.0% 150.8 2.2 32.8 16.1 69.3
Chillihuar - Gramadal Sec. 85.0% 118.0 1.9 43.7 14.4 61.9
0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CONCENTRADO:
Balanceado NRC 89.6% 191.1 3.0 12.2 6.0 64.2
Maiz harina 88.0% 100.0 3.3 0.3 2.9 29.9
Soya harina (solv.) 89.0% 499.0 3.3 3.0 6.8 151.7
Soya cáscara 91.0% 121.0 3.0 4.9 2.1 40.6
Cerveza, borra (deshidratada) 92.0% 254.0 2.5 3.3 5.5 102.0
Sorgo harina 87.0% 97.0 3.1 0.4 3.4 31.1
CUADRADO PEARSON:
Cebada Paja (rastrojo) 91.0% 39.0 1.7 2.4 0.5 22.5
Trigo, afrechillo 88.8% 178.0 2.5 6.4 12.2 71.8
0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
OTROS ALIMENTOS:
Leche Fresca 12.0% 267.0 5.3 9.5 7.6 0.0
Sal Mineral 99.0% 0.0 0.0 156.0 95.0 0.0
Superphos 99.0% 0.0 0.0 170.0 95.0 0.0

Datos, buscar Validacion de datos; lista; remarcar tabla

Alfalfa V. (inicio-florc.) #NAME? #NAME?

ODUCCION LECHERA

Fuente

2-00-177
2-00-181
2-00-184
2-00-185
2-00-188
Estivariz,95*
NRC, 1989
2-11-238
2-13-347
2-03-992
2-03-289

2-13-041
2-00-504
2-00-505
2-00-511

NRC, 1989

NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989

NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
Estivariz,95*
2-01-431
2-01-434
4-13-379

1-00-054
1-00-059
1-00-063
1-00-068
NRC, 1989
1-10-354
1-03-280
NRC, 1989
1-03-283
NRC, 1989
43-Ensminger,80
?
44-Ensminger,80
1-09-749
1-02-768
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
1-01-400
1-01-397

3-00-212
3-03-298
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
3-02-818
3-02-819
3-01-441

NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
1-01-599
5-01-608
5-01-621
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
4-03-309
4-09-584
W.Oviedo
NRC, 1989
4-00-549
4-00-523
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
Cañas, 1998
NRC, 1989
5-00-545
NRC, 1989
5-00-600
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
4-10-420
 4-02-878
4-08-024
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
4-11-594
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
1-04-560
5-04-598
4-11-741

NRC, 1989

NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989

2-00-177
2-00-181
2-00-185
2-00-188
Espinoza,96
Espinoza,96
Espinoza,96
Estivariz,95*

2-00-177
2-00-181
2-00-185
2-00-188
 Espinoza,96
Espinoza,96
Espinoza,96
Estivariz,95*
44-Ensminger,80

D., 1995. Espinoza M. 1996.

ateria Seca de alimento

LANO)

Fuente

2-00-184
2-13-347
2-00-504
0.00
0.00

1-00-059
1-03-280
43-Ensminger,80
0.00
0.00

Espinoza,96
Espinoza,96
0.00

NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
NRC, 1989
44-Ensminger,80
4-11-741
0.00

NRC, 1989
0.00
NRC, 1989
 TABLA DE REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALES DIARIOS
DE VACAS GESTANTES Y EN PRODUCCIÓN

Peso vivo Proteina Cruda ENERGIA Calcio Fósforo

(kg) Total (g) E.M. (Mcal) (g) (g)

MANTENIMIENTO de Vacas Adultas en Producción

200 236.5 8.0 8.0 5.5

225 247.0 8.6 9.0 6.2
250 257.5 9.1 10.0 7.0
275 268.1 9.6 11.0 7.7
300 278.6 10.1 12.0 8.4
325 289.2 10.6 13.0 9.1
350 299.7 11.1 14.0 9.9
375 310.2 11.6 15.0 10.6
400 320.8 12.1 16.0 11.3
425 331.3 12.7 17.0 12.0
450 341.9 13.2 18.0 12.8
475 352.4 13.7 19.0 13.5
500 363.0 14.2 20.0 14.2
550 384.0 15.2 22.0 15.7
600 405.1 16.2 24.0 17.1
650 426.2 17.3 26.0 18.6
700 447.3 18.3 28.0 20.0
750 468.4 19.3 30.0 21.5
800 489.5 20.3 32.0 22.9

Mantenimiento MAS los DOS últimos meses de GESTACION de Vacas Adultas SECAS

200 595.7 10.0 13.2 8.0

225 633.6 10.7 14.9 9.0
250 671.4 11.3 16.5 10.0
275 709.3 11.9 18.1 11.0
300 747.2 12.5 19.7 12.0
325 785.0 13.2 21.4 13.0
350 822.9 13.8 23.0 14.0
375 860.8 14.4 24.6 15.0
400 898.6 15.0 26.2 16.0
425 936.5 15.7 27.9 17.0
450 974.4 16.3 29.5 18.0
475 1012.2 16.9 31.1 19.0
500 1050.1 17.5 32.7 20.0
550 1125.8 18.8 36.0 22.0
 600 1201.6 20.0 39.2 24.0
650 1277.3 21.3 42.5 26.0
700 1353.1 22.5 45.7 28.0
750 1428.8 23.8 49.0 30.0
800 1504.5 25.0 52.2 32.0

PRODUCCION DE LECHE: Nutrientes POR CADA KG de Leche con Diferentes

porcentajes de Grasa
3.0 78.0 1.07 2.73 1.68
3.5 84.0 1.15 2.97 1.83
4.0 90.0 1.24 3.21 1.98
4.5 96.0 1.32 3.45 2.13
5.0 101.0 1.40 3.69 2.23
5.5 107.0 1.48 3.93 2.43

CAMBIOS en el PESO VIVO Durante la Lactancia: Nutrientes POR CADA KG de

Cambio en el Peso
Pérdida de peso -320 -8.25 0 0
Ganancia de peso 320 8.55 0 0

Fuente: NRC, 1989

Donde: E.M. (Mcal) = Energía Metabolizable en Megacalorías

E.D. (Mcal) = Energía Digestible en Megacalorías

Si por 1000 g PV------------> 320 g PC

230 g PV--------> X
X= 73.6 g de PC

TABLA DE REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALES DIARIOS

HEMBRAS Y MACHOS EN CRECIMIENTO

Peso vivo Incremto PV Proteina Cruda ENERGIA Calcio Fósforo

(kg) g/día Total (g) E.M. (Mcal) (g) (g)

TERNEROS EN CRECIMIENTO ALIMENTADOS CON LECHE Y SUPLEMENTO DE INICIO

30 300 112.0 2.70 7.0 4.0

50 500 315.0 6.49 10.0 6.0
75 600 387.0 7.98 14.0 8.0

VAQUILLAS

100 400 386.0 6.34 15.0 8.0

 150 400 512.0 8.39 17.0 10.0
200 400 513.0 10.38 19.0 13.0
250 400 629.0 12.36 21.0 15.0
300 400 761.0 14.38 22.0 16.0
350 400 909.0 16.50 23.0 17.0
TORETES EN CRECIMIENTO

100 500 392.0 6.54 16.0 8.0

150 500 525.0 8.55 18.0 11.0
200 500 573.0 10.45 20.0 13.0
250 500 598.0 12.31 21.0 16.0
300 500 707.0 14.15 23.0 17.0
350 500 823.0 16.01 23.0 18.0
400 500 947.0 17.91 24.0 19.0
TOROS
350 633.8 12.52 13.4 8.6
375 660.7 13.05 14.5 9.2
400 687.6 13.57 15.5 9.8
425 714.5 14.10 16.5 10.4
450 741.4 14.62 17.5 11.1
475 768.3 15.15 18.6 11.7
500 795.2 15.67 19.6 12.3
525 822.1 16.20 20.6 12.9
550 849.0 16.72 21.6 13.6
575 875.9 17.25 22.7 14.2
600 902.8 17.77 23.7 14.8
625 929.7 18.30 24.7 15.4
650 956.6 18.82 25.7 16.1
675 983.5 19.35 26.8 16.7
700 1010.4 19.87 27.8 17.3
725 1037.3 20.40 28.8 17.9
750 1064.2 20.92 29.8 18.6
775 1091.1 21.45 30.9 19.2
800 1118.0 21.97 31.9 19.8

Fuente: NRC, 1989

TABLA DE REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALES DIARIOS (ORIGINAL)

DE VACAS GESTANTES Y EN PRODUCCIÓN
 Peso vivo Proteina Cruda ENERGIA Calcio Fósforo
(kg) Total (g) E.M. (Mcal) E.D. (Mcal) (g) (g)

MANTENIMIENTO de Vacas Adultas en Producción

400 318.0 12.01 13.80 16.0 11.0

450 341.0 13.12 15.08 18.0 13.0
500 364.0 14.20 16.32 20.0 14.0
550 386.0 15.25 17.53 22.0 16.0
600 406.0 16.28 18.71 24.0 17.0
650 428.0 17.29 19.86 26.0 19.0
700 449.0 18.28 21.00 28.0 20.0
750 468.0 19.25 22.12 30.0 21.0
800 486.0 20.20 23.21 32.0 23.0

Mantenimiento mas los dos últimos meses de GESTACION de Vacas Adultas Secas

400 890.0 15.26 18.23 26.0 16.0

450 973.0 16.66 19.91 30.0 18.0
500 1,053.0 18.04 21.55 33.0 20.0
550 1,131.0 19.37 23.14 36.0 22.0
600 1,207.0 20.68 24.71 39.0 24.0
650 1,281.0 21.96 26.23 43.0 26.0
700 1,355.0 23.21 27.73 46.0 28.0
750 1,427.0 24.44 29.21 49.0 30.0
800 1,497.0 25.66 30.65 53.0 32.0

PRODUCCION DE LECHE; Nutrientes/kg de Leche con Diferentes Porcentajes de Grasa

% de Grasa
3.0 78.0 1.07 1.23 2.73 1.68
3.5 84.0 1.15 1.33 2.97 1.83
4.0 90.0 1.24 1.42 3.21 1.98
4.5 96.0 1.32 1.51 3.45 2.13
5.0 101.0 1.40 1.61 3.69 2.23
5.5 107.0 1.48 1.70 3.93 2.43

CAMBIOS en el PESO VIVO Durante la Lactancia; Nutrientes/kg de Cambio en el Peso

Pérdida de peso -320 -8.25 -9.55 0 0

Ganancia de peso 320 8.55 9.96 0 0

Fuente: NRC, 1989

Donde: E.M. (Mcal) = Energía Metabolizable en Megacalorías

 E.D. (Mcal) = Energía Digestible en Megacalorías

HEMBRAS Y MACHOS EN CRECIMIENTO (ORIGINAL)

Peso vivo Incremto PV Proteina Cruda ENERGIA Calcio Fósforo

(kg) g/día Total (g) E.M. (Mcal) (g) (g)

TERNEROS EN CRECIMIENTO ALIMENTADOS CON LECHE Y SUPLEMENTO DE INICIO

30 300 112.0 2.70 7.0 4.0

50 500 315.0 6.49 10.0 6.0
75 600 387.0 7.98 14.0 8.0

VAQUILLAS 30

100 400 386.0 6.34 15.0 8.0

25 f(x) = 0
150 400 512.0 8.39 17.0 10.0 R² = 0.9
200 400 513.0 10.38 19.0 13.0
250 400 629.0 12.36 21.0 15.0 20
300 400 761.0 14.38 22.0 16.0
350 400 909.0 16.50 23.0 17.0
15
MACHOS EN CRECIMIENTO

100 500 392.0 6.54 16.0 8.0 10

150 500 525.0 8.55 18.0 11.0
200 500 573.0 10.45 20.0 13.0
5
250 500 598.0 12.31 21.0 16.0
300 500 707.0 14.15 23.0 17.0
350 500 823.0 16.01 23.0 18.0 0
400 500 947.0 17.91 24.0 19.0 400 500 600
TOROS

500 789.0 15.79 20.0 12.0

600 905.0 18.10 24.0 15.0
700 1016.0 20.32 28.0 18.0
800 1123.0 22.46 32.0 20.0
900 1227.0 24.53 36.0 22.0
1000 1328.0 26.55 41.0 25.0

Fuente: NRC, 1989

 Incognita
Y= 0.4217
Y= 0.0205
Y= 0.04
Y= 0.029

FORMULAS PARA: MANTENIMIENTO

PC y = 0.4217x + 152.11 R² = 0,9988

EM y = 0.0205x + 3.9389 R² = 0,9994
Ca y = 0.04x R² = 1
P y = 0.029x - 0.2889 R² = 0,9942

FORMULAS PARA: GESTACIÓN

PC y = 1.5147x + 292.76 R² = 0,9994

EM y = 0.025x + 5.027 R² = 1
Ca y = 0.065x + 0.247 R² = 1
P y = 0.04x R² = 1

FORMULAS PARA: PRODUCCIÓN

PC y = 11,543x + 43,61 R² = 0,9993

EM y = 0,1646x + 0,5772 R² = 0,9996
Ca y = 0,48x + 1,29 R² = 1
P y = 0,2911x + 0,8092 R² = 0,9949

FORMULAS PARA: VAQUILLAS

PC y = 1,9874x+171,16 R² = 0,953
EM y = 0,0404x + 2,2952 R² = 0,9999
Ca y = 0,0326x + 12,171 R² = 0,9771
P y = 0,0371x + 4,8095 R² = 0,9606 Incognita
Y= 1.5147
FORMULAS PARA TOROS: Y= 0.025
Y= 0.065
PC y = 1,0766x + 257,24 R² = 0,9994 Y= 0.040
EM y = 0,021x + 5,171 R² = 1
Ca y = 0,041x - 0,904 R² = 1
P y = 0,025x - 0,19 R² = 1

FORMULAS PARA TERNEROS:

PC y = 5,9787x - 37,566 R² = 0,8935

EM y = 0,115x - 0,2166 R² = 0,9067
Ca y = 0,1557x + 2,2869 R² = 0,9997
P y = 0,0885x + 1,4262 R² = 0,9959

FORMULAS PARA TORETES:

PC y = 1,7107x + 224,46 R² = 0,9655

EM y = 0,0377x + 2,8582 R² = 0,9999
Ca y = 0,0264x + 14,107 R² = 0,9507
P y = 0,0364x + 5,4643 R² = 0,9507

2.5
f(x) = 0.291085714285714 x + 0.809219047
R² = 0.994885509548646
2

1.5 Colum
Linear

0.5

0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

9
8
f(x) = 0.088524590163935 x + 1.42622950819672
7 R² = 0.995901639344262

6
5
4 Column F
Linear (Column F)
3
2
1
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
 5
4 Column F
Linear (Column F)
3
2
1
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80

1000
900
f(x) = 1.71071428571429 x + 224.464285714286
800 R² = 0.965506033376469

PC--------- Y 1.076 x 700 257.2

EM----------Y 0.021 x 600 5.171
Ca----------Y 0.041 x 500 -0.904 Column C
P -----------Y 0.025 x -0.19 Linear (Column C)
400
TOROS PC (g)
300
PC EM Ca P
900
350 633.8 12.52 200 13.4 8.6
850 f(x) = 1.076 x + 257.200000000001
375 660.7 13.05 100 14.5 9.2 R² = 1
400 687.6 13.57 0 15.5 9.8 800
425 714.5 14.10 5016.5
100 150 200
10.4 250 300 350 400 450 Column C

750
450 741.4 14.62 17.5 11.1 Linear (Column
C)
475 768.3 15.15 18.6 11.7 700
500 795.2 15.67 19.6 12.3
650
525 822.1 16.20 20.6 12.9 440460480500520540560580600
550 849 16.72 21.6 13.6
575 875.9 17.25 22.7 14.2
600 902.8 17.77 23.7 14.8 TOROS EM (Mcal)
625 929.7 18.30 24.7 15.4 17.5
650 956.6 18.82 25.7 16.1 17
675 983.5 19.35 26.8 16.7 16.5
700 1010.4 19.87 27.8 17.3 16
725 1037.3 20.40 28.8 17.9 15.5
Column D
750 1064.2 20.92 29.8 18.6 15
Linear (Column D)
14.5
775 1091.1 21.45 30.9 19.2
14
800 1118 21.97 31.9 19.8
13.5
13
400 450 500 550 600

TOROS Ca (g)
25

20 f(x) = 0.041 x − 0.903999999999999

R² = 1
15
Column E
10
Linear (Column E)

5
 25

20 f(x) = 0.041 x − 0.903999999999999

R² = 1
15
Column E
10
Linear (Column E)

0
400 450 500 550 600

TOROS P (g)

16
14
f(x) = 0.025 x − 0.189999999999984
12 R² = 1
10
8 Column F
6
Linear (Column F)
4
2
0
400 450 500 550 600
30

25 f(x) = 0.021494285714286 x + 5.17095238095238

R² = 0.999377911679622

20

15 Column D
Linear (Column D)

10

0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
X (PV) 152.11
X (PV) 3.939
X (PV) 600
X (PV) -0.2889
500
MANTENIMIENTO de Vacas Adultas en Producción f(x) = 0.421666666666667 x + 152.1
R² = 0.998783943476778
PV Req PC (g) Req EM Req Ca Req P 400

300
200 236.5 8.04 8.00 5.51
225 247.0 8.55 9.00 6.24 200
250 257.5 9.06 10.00 6.96
275 268.1 9.58 11.00 7.69 100
300 278.6 10.09 12.00 8.41
0
325 289.2 10.60 13.00 9.14
350 400 450 500 550 600 650
350 299.7 11.11 14.00 9.86
375 310.2 11.63 15.00 10.59
400 320.8 12.14 16.00 11.31
425 331.3 12.65 17.00 12.04
25
450 341.9 13.16 18.00 12.76
475 352.4 13.68 19.00 13.49
20
500 363.0 14.19 20.00 14.21 f(x) = 0.02045 x + 3.9388888888888
R² = 0.999405523931988
550 384.0 15.21 22.00 15.66
600 405.1 16.24 24.00 17.11 15

650 426.2 17.26 26.00 18.56

700 447.3 18.29 28.00 20.01 10

750 468.4 19.31 30.00 21.46

800 489.5 20.34 32.00 22.91 5
850 510.6 21.36 34.00 24.36
900 531.6 22.39 36.00 25.81 0
350 400 450 500 550 600 650

X (PV) 292.8
X (PV) 5.027
X (PV) 0.247 PROTEINA CRUDA g
X (PV)
1600
1400 f(x) = 1.51466666666667 x
Mantenimiento mas los dos últimos meses de GESTACION de Vac R² = 0.999367052664729
1200
PV Req PC (g) Req EM Req Ca Req P
1000
800
200 595.7 10.0 13.2 8.0 600
225 633.6 10.7 14.9 9.0 400
250 671.4 11.3 16.5 10.0 200
275 709.3 11.9 18.1 11.0 0
350 400 450 500 550 60
 600
400
200
0
300 747.2 12.5 19.7 12.0 350 400 450 500 550 60
325 785.0 13.2 21.4 13.0
350 822.9 13.8 23.0 14.0
375 860.8 14.4 24.6 15.0
400 898.6 15.0 26.2 16.0 ENERGIA METABOLIZABLE M
425 936.5 15.7 27.9 17.0 25
450 974.4 16.3 29.5 18.0 f(x) = 0.025 x + 5.02699
475 1012.2 16.9 31.1 19.0 20 R² = 1
500 1050.1 17.5 32.7 20.0
550 1125.8 18.8 36.0 22.0 15
600 1201.6 20.0 39.2 24.0
650 1277.3 21.3 42.5 26.0 10
700 1353.1 22.5 45.7 28.0
5
750 1428.8 23.8 49.0 30.0
800 1504.5 25.0 52.2 32.0
0
850 1580.3 26.3 55.5 34.0 100 200 300 400
900 1656.0 27.5 58.7 36.0

= 0.291085714285714 x + 0.809219047619049
0.994885509548646

Column E
Linear (Column E)

5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

72

Column F
inear (Column F)
Column F
inear (Column F)

4286

Column C
Linear (Column C)

257.200000000001

Column C

Linear (Column
C)

40560580600

Column D

Linear (Column D)

550 600

x − 0.903999999999999

Column E

Linear (Column E)
x − 0.903999999999999

Column E

Linear (Column E)

550 600

x − 0.189999999999984

Column F

Linear (Column F)

550 600
 PROTEINA CRUDA g
CALCIO (gr)

35

0.421666666666667 x + 152.111111111111 30 f(x) = 0.04 x

0.998783943476778 R² = 1
25

Column H
Linear
20
(Column H)

15

10

0
0 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850

ENERGIA METABOLIZABLE Mcal

FOSFORO (gr)

25
0.02045 x + 3.93888888888889
0.999405523931988
f(x) = 0.029 x − 0.288888888888884
20 R² = 0.994176882661997

Column C
Linear
(Column C)
15

10

50 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 0

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850

OTEINA CRUDA g CALCIO g

60
f(x) = 1.51466666666667 x + 292.755555555556 50
R² = 0.999367052664729 f(x) = 0.065 x + 0.247000000000005
40 R² = 1

30

20

10
0 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
 20

10
0 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700

NERGIA METABOLIZABLE Mcal FOSFORO g

35
f(x) = 0.025 x + 5.02699999999999
R² = 1 30
f(x) = 0.04 x
25 R² = 1
20
15
10
5
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
r)

Column D
Linear (Column
D)

750 800 850

r)

Column E
Linear (Column
E)

750 800 850

0000005

500 600 700 800

500 600 700 800

00 600 700 800

Cuadro 1. Rendimiento y calidad de los recursos alimenticios utilizados en producción de leche del altiplano (Aroma)
Especie Fase Desarrollo Rend. MS MS Dig MS MO Dig MO PC Dig PC EM
kg ha-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 MS g kg-1 MS Mcal kg-1 MS
Avena:
Emisión de Panoja 3,469.9 ± 1,002.5 232.3 681.3 919.9 649.5 87.5 748.1 2.4
Floración 4,545.3 ± 757.3 293.9 652.0 941.3 614.9 66.9 697.7 2.3
Grano lechoso 7,175.6 ± 718.5 308.7 592.1 922.2 587.0 61.4 640.6 2.1
Grano en masa . . . . . . . . .
Cebada:
Emisión de Panoja 2,280.7 ± 902.8 195.5 728.4 935.5 . 76.0 763.0 2.6
Floración 2,904.0 ± 957.3 227.4 641.8 929.5 747.2 76.1 719.8 2.3
Grano lechoso 4,782.9 ± 1,747.0 307.6 637.8 912.3 633.6 64.2 722.6 2.3
Grano en masa 6,668.0 ± 242.6 343.1 598.4 902.6 577.9 74.2 649.7 2.1
Alfalfa:
Vegetativa . .
Botón floral 6,331.8 ± 1,481.1 253.3 746.2 903.7 . 177.7 914.8 2.7
Floración inicial 7,341.1 ± 1,963.8 265.6 747.8 889.3 . 205.6 921.8 2.7
Floración media 7,773.5 ± 783.7 285.4 717.2 900.5 . 184.0 932.6 2.6
Floración completa 8,528.6 ± 1,059.3 307.8 670.4 901.2 652.9 155.6 906.7 2.4

Cuadro 2. Rendimiento y calidad de los recursos alimenticios utilizados en producción de leche del altiplano (Ingavi)
Especie Fase Desarrollo Rend. MS MS Dig MS MO Dig MO PC Dig PC EM
kg ha-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 MS g kg-1 MS Mcal kg-1 MS
Avena:
Emisión de Panoja 2,484.6 ± 1,060.9 237.6 765.6 917.0 . 91.4 808.3 2.7
Floración 3,412.1 ± 1,032.3 303.1 645.0 938.7 . 97.7 718.9 2.3
Grano lechoso 5,182.6 ± 1,473.3 362.6 651.5 935.4 631.1 98.1 810.9 2.3
Grano en masa . . . . . . . . .
Cebada:
Emisión de Panoja 1,738.9 ± 549.9 243.6 718.4 907.6 718.4 77.2 759.8 2.6
Floración 2,803.8 ± 787.6 312.6 649.6 911.6 649.6 69.5 762.0 2.3
Grano lechoso 3,317.1 ± 898.9 356.6 638.1 928.2 638.1 68.0 714.2 2.3
Grano en masa 4,291.9 ± 253.4 372.5 595.5 927.2 595.5 70.1 646.1 2.1
Alfalfa:
Vegetativa 1,583.4 231.8 242.2 827.8 895.3 . 184.0 943.9 2.9
Botón floral 3,685.4 ± 670.7 278.0 699.9 901.6 . 162.0 874.3 2.5
Floración inicial . ± . . . . . . . .
Floración media . ± . . . . . . . .
Floración completa . ± . . . . . . . .

Cuadro 3. Rendimiento y calidad de los recursos alimenticios utilizados en producción de leche del altiplano (Omasuyos)
Especie Fase Desarrollo Rend. MS MS Dig MS MO Dig MO PC Dig PC EM
kg ha-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 MS g kg-1 MS Mcal kg-1 MS
Avena:
Emisión de Panoja 2,132.2 ± 945.1 22.3 730.0 921.2 . 97.8 801.3 2.6
Floración 2,964.2 ± 1,346.9 25.9 658.9 932.2 606.0 80.2 703.0 2.3
Grano lechoso 4,230.7 ± 1,661.4 35.1 660.1 945.4 632.9 60.2 712.2 2.4
Grano en masa 5,322.1 2,339.2 39.0 599.5 953.9 597.1 41.8 653.7 2.1
Cebada:
Emisión de Panoja 2,222.7 ± 253.4 25.3 777.2 943.8 . 102.7 854.6 2.8
Floración 2,267.2 ± 794.0 31.8 723.1 947.5 . 95.4 792.7 2.6
Grano lechoso . ± . . . . . . . .
Grano en masa . ± . . . . . . . .
Promedio 2,245.0 ± 523.7 28.5 750.1 945.7 . 99.1 823.6 2.7
Alfalfa:
Vegetativa 4,744.0 791.1 24.6 819.6 909.1 . 211.7 944.9 2.9
Botón floral 6,782.2 ± 1,595.1 25.3 755.4 955.2 . 176.4 914.6 2.7
Floración inicial 7,869.4 ± 1,780.9 28.8 744.6 911.4 . 132.5 900.2 2.7
Floración media 8,996.2 ± 1,548.3 29.7 725.4 916.8 677.6 94.2 875.7 2.6
Floración completa . ± . 30.8 674.2 919.4 . 170.0 903.2 2.4
Promedio 7,097.9 ± 1,428.8 27.8 743.8 922.4 677.6 157.0 907.7 2.6

Cuadro 5. Rendimiento y calidad promedio, de recursos alimenticios utilizados en producción de leche del altiplano
Especie Fase Desarrollo Rend. MS MS Dig MS MO Dig MO PC Dig PC EM
kg ha-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 MS g kg-1 MS Mcal kg-1 MS
Avena:
Emisión de Panoja 2,695.6 ± 1,002.8 164.1 725.6 919.4 649.5 92.2 785.9 2.6
Floración 3,640.5 ± 1,045.5 207.6 651.9 937.4 610.4 81.6 706.5 2.3
Grano lechoso 5,529.6 ± 1,284.4 235.5 634.6 934.3 617.0 73.2 721.2 2.3
 Grano en masa 5,322.1 2,339.2 39.0 599.5 953.9 597.1 41.8 653.7 2.1
Cebada:
Emisión de Panoja 2,080.8 ± 568.7 154.8 741.3 929.0 718.4 85.3 792.4 2.6
Floración 2,658.4 ± 846.3 190.6 671.5 929.5 698.4 80.3 758.2 2.4
Grano lechoso 4,050.0 ± 1,322.9 332.1 638.0 920.3 635.9 66.1 718.4 2.3
Grano en masa 5,479.9 ± 248.0 357.8 597.0 914.9 586.7 72.2 647.9 2.1
Alfalfa:
Vegetativa 3,163.7 ± 511.5 133.4 823.7 902.2 . 197.9 944.4 2.9
Botón floral 5,599.8 ± 1,249.0 185.5 733.8 920.2 . 172.0 901.2 2.6
Floración inicial 7,605.2 ± 1,872.3 147.2 746.2 900.4 . 169.1 911.0 2.7
Floración media 8,384.9 ± 1,166.0 157.6 721.3 908.7 677.6 139.1 904.1 2.6
Floración completa 8,528.6 ± 1,059.3 169.3 672.3 910.3 652.9 162.8 905.0 2.4
Rend PC Rend EM
kg ha-1 Mcal ha-1

303.6 8,425.6
304.1 10,561.6
440.6 15,141.2
. .

173.3 5,921.1
221.0 6,642.8
307.2 10,872.6
494.8 14,221.1

1,125.2 16,819.3
1,509.3 19,455.3
1,430.3 19,874.7
1,327.1 20,250.9

Rend PC Rend EM
kg ha-1 Mcal ha-1

227.1 6,779.1
333.4 7,843.0
508.4 12,034.1
. .

134.2 4,452.5
194.9 6,491.5
225.6 7,544.0
300.9 9,109.0

291.3 4,666.3
597.0 9,194.6
. .
. .
. .

Rend PC Rend EM
kg ha-1 Mcal ha-1

208.5 5,547.8
237.7 6,960.8
254.7 9,953.6
222.5 11,371.5

228.3 6,156.5
216.3 5,843.0
. .
. .
222.3 5,999.7

1,004.3 13,825.6
1,196.4 18,282.7
1,042.7 20,874.6
847.4 23,131.5
. .
1,022.7 19,028.6

Rend PC Rend EM
kg ha-1 Mcal ha-1

246.4 6,917.5
291.7 8,455.2
401.2 12,376.3
222.5 11,371.5

178.6 5,510.0
210.7 6,325.7
266.4 9,208.3
397.8 11,665.1

647.8 9,246.0
972.9 14,765.5
1,276.0 20,165.0
1,138.9 21,503.1
1,327.1 20,250.9