Adicción al ejercicio

Johan Y. Sánchez Hdez

Medicina Aplicada a la Actividad
Física y el deporte
U de A
2007
Adicción:
(Del lat. addictĭo, -ōnis)

1 f. Hábito de quien se deja dominar por

el uso de alguna o algunas drogas tóxicas,

o por la afición desmedida a ciertos juegos

http://www.rae.es
Dependencia:
(De dependiente)

9. f. Med. y Psicol. Necesidad compulsiva de

alguna sustancia, como alcohol, tabaco o

drogas, para experimentar sus efectos o

calmar el malestar producido por su

privación
http://www.rae.es
'running addiction' (Glasser, 1976; Sachs &
Pargman, 1984)
'negative addiction' (Morgan, 1979)
'obligatory runners' (Yates et al., 1983)
'running anorexics‘ (Norval, 1980)
'morbid exercising' (Chalmers et al., 1984)
Epidemiología

Prevalencia desconocida

Dependencia severa (<)

Síndrome parcial (>)

 Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

Dependencia primaria al ejercicio

Adicciones Brown’s (1993) Griffiths (2002)

Salience

Mood modification

Tolerance

Withdrawal symptoms

Conflict

Relapse
Tolerancia
Necesidad de hacer más deporte

Síndrome de abstinencia
Ansiedad, insomnio, irritabiliad, depresión

Pérdida de control
Deseo persistente o esfuerzo fracasado
de reducir o controlar el ejercicio

Se realiza más ejercicio del que se pretende

Conflicto
Reducción importante de actividades
familiares, sociales, laborales o recreativas

Recaída
Se continúa haciendo deporte a pesar de
tener conciencia de lesiones, depresiones
e incluso trastornos alimenticios
 DSM-IV-TR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders
The Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire

Pasman, L. J. & Thompson, J. K. (1988). Body image and eating disturbance

in obligatory runners, obligatory weightlifters, and sedentary individuals.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7 (6), 759-769
EDQ (Cuestionario de la dependencia al ejercicio)
Odgen et al (1997)

29 preguntas
1 fuertemente en desacuerdo - 7 fuertemente de
acuerdo

8 subescalas
Ejercicio por razones de salud
Ejercicio por razones sociales
Ejercicio por control de peso
Percepción de problemas
 Interferencia con la vida social
Gratificación positiva
Comportamiento estereotipado
Síntomas de abstinencia

203

Baniber et Al (2000)

EDQ ≥ 116 (al menos 4 por pregunta)

Exercise Dependence Scale-21

Hausenblas & Symons Downs (2002)

OEQ (r = 0.80) Internal reliability
(Cronbach α = 0.84)
EDS (r = 0.81)
Split half correlation
test-retest (r = 0.85) 0.84 (Guttman split-half
coefficient)
 Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. 2003;33(2)

Factores asociados

Personalidad/rasgos

Sicológicos

Fisiológicos ‘runner’s high’

Comportamentales
Signos de alarma

Solitarios

Rutinas rígidas

Incremento en el tiempo de ejercicio

Fijación en perder peso

Ejercitarse enfermo o lesionado

Cambios sociales
Accept the role and responsibility of primary
support for the person and participate in the
management process

Recognize that the addiction is likely to cause

a breakdown in communication with significant
others

Recognize that the likely response is intense

fear of losing control, helplessness, and that
this may show itself through disorganized
behavior through compulsions
Therapeutic intervention

1) Identifying and interrupting the compulsive

behavior through supportiv individual
psychotherapy

2) Engage the patients in understanding the

health benefits and importance of
moderation

3) Empower the patient to develop a self

management strategy
4) Understanding the organization of the
person’s defense structure and how the
patient is coping with the addictive nature

5) Increasing the tolerance of the patient in

adapting or accommodating to the
compulsion through modification of their
psychological defenses and acceptance
and understanding of their response to
the gaining of control and appropriate self-
management skills
6) Unlink the compulsion and process specific
triggers related to the exercise
dependence

7) Rebuilding the coping behaviors and

enhancing the support system
for the patient with respect of exercise
Vol 14 No 17 2 December 2003 IF: 1.995
Br J Sports Med 2004;38:536–541 IF: 1.855
The runner’s high has been described

subjectively as pure happiness, elation, a

feeling of unity with one’s self and/or nature,

endless peacefulness, inner harmony,

boundless energy, and a reduction in pain

sensation

Endocannabinoids and exercise. Br J Sports Med 2004;38:536–541

http://runtrails.blogspot.com/2005/01/understanding-runners-high.html

Scott Dunlap
It’s a mental state of relaxation partnered with

a mild pain cessation that occurs after 60-90

minutes of steady exercise. I find it truly

euphoric, setting me in a state of eternal

optimism that can last hours after a run.

http://runtrails.blogspot.com/2005/01/understanding-runners-high.html
It’s not exactly a “drunk” effect, although it

does make it a bit more difficult to remember

to eat/drink/take the next turn (remember –

always carry a map!). I would equate it to two

Red Bulls and vodka, three ibuprofen, plus a $50

winning Lotto ticket in your pocket.

http://runtrails.blogspot.com/2005/01/understanding-runners-high.html