ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS TURÍSTICAS Y HOTELERAS

English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

UNIT 9. REPORTED SPEECH

• MISCELLANEA

• Expresiones verbales más comunes del vocabulario

cotidiano
1. ¿Podrías relacionar el verbo que suele acompañar a las siguientes
expresiones?

get catch win know make leave

have do meet take miss lose

1. ______________ the train, a friend, a class.

2. ______________ an appointment, the beds, a mistake.

3. ______________ homework, exercise, a favour.

4. ______________ an aspirin, a taxi, somebody to the station.

5. ______________ a cold, the train, the bus.

6. ______________ a match, some money, your keys.

7. ______________ breakfast, a shower, a drink.

8. ______________ home, up, ready.

9. ______________ a message, home, your boyfriend.

10. ______________ a match, the lottery, a prize.

11. ______________ a friend, at the cinema, someone for the first time.

12. ______________ someone for a long time, something, the answer.

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English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

• VOCABULARY
• Transporte aéreo

Aeropuerto Airport
Alas Wings
Aterrizaje Landing
Aterrizaje forzoso Emergency landing
Auxiliar de vuelo Flight Attendant
Avión Aeroplane ; Plane
Avión de distancias medias Medium-haul aircraft
Avión de larga distancia Long-range aircraft
Avión de pasajeros Passenger aircraft
Avión de reacción Jet
Avioneta Small plane
Butacas Seats
Cabina de pasajeros Passenger cabin
Cabina de pasajeros de 1ª clase First class passenger compartment
Cabina del piloto Cockpit
Chaleco salvavidas Life jacket
Cinturón de seguridad Safety belt
Clase turista Tourist class
Despegue Takeoff
Embarque Boarding
Escala Stopover
Estación aérea Air station
Hélices Propellers
Helicóptero Helicopter
Línea aérea Airline
Luces de posición Navigating lights
Mecánico Mechanic
Motores Engines
Piloto Pilot
Pista de aterrizaje o de despegue Runway
Por avión By air ; By plane
Primera clase First class
Salida de emergencia Emergency exit
Salida con destino a To leave for…
Tarjeta de embarque Boarding card
Terminal Air terminal
Torre de mandos Control tower
Tren de aterrizaje Landing gear
Ventanillas Windows
Vuelo Flight
Vuelo charter Charter flight
Vuelo directo Direct flight
Vuelo número… Flight number...
Vuelo suspendido Flight cancelled

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 ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS TURÍSTICAS Y HOTELERAS
English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

• TEXT

• Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

Llamamos estilo indirecto a la manera de reproducir personalmente una conversación
que ocurrió en otro momento. Las palabras textuales constituyen lo que se conoce como
estilo directo.

Cuando explicamos cualquier cosa con el estilo indirecto se producen una serie de
cambios en los tiempos verbales así como en los adverbios de tiempo.

He said: "I'm not coming to the barbecue tomorrow. I have to work."

Éstas son las palabras originales. Ahora bien, si nosotros explicamos qué ocurrió con
nuestras propias palabras; es decir, con el estilo indirecto, será de la siguiente manera:

He said that he wasn't coming to the barbecue the following day because he had to work.

Como podemos observar en el ejemplo los cambios que afectan a los tiempos verbales
consisten en poner en un tiempo anterior (estilo indirecto) el tiempo del verbo en estilo
directo. Así pues, podríamos hacer el siguiente esquema de cambios:

ESTILO DIRECTO ESTILO INDIRECTO

Present simple Î Past simple
He said: "I don't like dogs." He said that he didn't like dogs.
Present continuous Î Past continuous
She said: "We aren't working at the moment” She said they weren't working at that moment.
Present perfect Î Past perfect
They said: "We have finished our homework They said they had finished their homework.
Past simple Î Past perfect
He said: "He showed us his new car." He said that he had showed them his new car.
Past continuous Î Past perfect continuous
He said: "I was writing letters all day He said he had been writing letter all day the day
yesterday." before.
Future simple Î Conditional
She said: "I won't say anything." He said he wouldn't say anything.
Can Î Could
He said: "I can't do it." He said he couldn't do it.
Today Î That day
He said: "It's my birthday today." He said it was his birthday that day.
Tomorrow Î The following day / the next day
He said: "I'll give it to you tomorrow." He said he would give it to me the following day.
Yesterday Î The previous day / the day before
He said: "I saw you in town yesterday." He said he had seen me in town the previous day.

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English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

• Las formas interrogativas en el estilo indirecto

Cuando tenemos que pasar una pregunta del estilo directo al indirecto, además del
cambio en el tiempo verbal, se producen otros cambios.

Hay dos tipos de preguntas: cerradas (yes/no questions) y abiertas (when / what /
who / where / why…?). Ejemplos:

He asked: "Are you ready?" Î He asked if I was ready. CERRADA

He asked: "Where did you buy that CD?" Î He asked where I had bought that CD. ABIERTA

• En las preguntas cerradas, introducimos la conjunción if para pasarlas al estilo

indirecto.

• En las preguntas abiertas mantenemos el pronombre interrogativo.

• En ambos tipos de preguntas desaparece la inversión entre el sujeto y el verbo.

He asked: "Can you tell me the time?" Î He asked if I could tell him the time.

He asked: "Why are you crying, Helen?" Î He asked Helen why she was crying.

2. Listening. ‘Back to the office’. Escucha la conversación entre Lidia y su jefa,

Alison Lewis, a la vuelta de su reunión de negocios en Sydney.
Alison: So, Lidia... tell me, how was the conference? Did you find it useful?

Lidia: Absolutely! It was interesting to meet professionals from countries that are new to the
tourist industry. They had a lot of innovating ideas. Oh, guess what! John and I had lunch with Mike
Johnson. It was nice to see Mike again.

Alison: What were Mike’s ideas? You know he’s one of the best in analysing the tourist market.

Lidia: Well, I asked him if he had noticed any significant changes in the last few years in the
American tourist market and he replied that tourists had changed their preferences when choosing a
hotel. He pointed out that a lot of tourists now preferred to stay at cheaper hotels.

Alison: That’s quite true. In fact, that’s happening to us here in Barcelona now. And did he
explain this change?

Lidia: Well, his opinion was that visitors were looking for more value for their money these days
and if you wanted to cut down on your costs, you booked cheaper accommodation, for example.

Alison: And what did John think about this?

Lidia: Actually, he said that he hadn’t noticed that particular tendency in Britain, though the
number of package tours to Britain had fallen. He also explained that the number of repeat visitors
who planned their holidays independently had increased.

Alison: That means that if group accommodation were offered at more attractive rates, there
would be a greater demand for package tours.

Lidia: That’s exactly what I said! We all agreed that tour operators and hoteliers had to create a
demand for their products and sell them. And if they wanted to achieve this, they would have to go
abroad and open new markets by means of conferences, travel trade fairs, press coverage and so
on.

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English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

Alison: And this is what is happening now. Lots of fairs, conferences, workshops, meetings...
many countries depend on the tourist industry as their main source of income and they have to
adapt themselves to the demands of tourists.

Lidia: Exactly! ...

...

Alison: I see this has been quite a productive conference. At least your business lunches were
definitely well spent. I’ll read the report you gave me in more detail tomorrow. And one other thing:
I must congratulate you on your good level of English. It certainly has improved! Shall we have a
break and go out for a drink? You deserve it!

Lidia: Thanks! I’d love to!

3. Responde a las preguntas siguientes.

1. Why did Lidia find the conference interesting?

2. Who did she have lunch with?

3. Why is Alison interested in Mike’s ideas?

4. According to Mike, what had changed with tourists in the past few years?

5. Was this tendency the same in Britain?

6. How could tour operators and hoteliers open new markets?

7. What’s Alison’s opinion about the conference?

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 ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS TURÍSTICAS Y HOTELERAS
English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

4. Después de escuchar el listening, rellena estas oraciones incompletas.

1. Well, I him if he any significant

changes in the last few years in the Australian tourist market and he replied that tourists
their preferences when choosing a hotel.

2. Well, his opinion was that visitors for more value for their money
these days and if you to cut down on your costs, you
cheaper accommodation, for example.

3. That means that if group accommodation at more attractive rates,

there a greater demand for package tours.

5. Grammar practice. A continuación, ponga las siguientes frases en estilo

indirecto.

1. The girl said to her mum: ‘I don’t want to go to school’.

2. Karen said: ‘I’ve met a wonderful boy’.

3. The teacher said: ‘you have to study harder’.

4. She said: ‘I’m afraid I won’t come to work tomorrow’

5. The child asked: ‘what are we having for lunch?’

6. Sonia asked her husband: ‘Can you help me with the housework?’

7. The man explained: ‘We went fishing but we didn’t get any fish’.

8. ‘I have something to tell you’, I said to her.

9. ‘What country do you come from?’, the boy wanted to know.

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 ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS TURÍSTICAS Y HOTELERAS
English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

• SELF- EVALUATION EXERCISES

6. Escribe los verbos que se encuentran entre paréntesis en las formas correctas
del Past simple, Past perfect o Past continuous.

1. Someone __________ (knock) on the door while I _____________ (sleep).

2. When we ___________ (get) to the station, the train ___________ (already

depart).

3. Just after he _____________ (close) the door, he _____________ (realise) he

(leave) the keys inside.

4. The boy _____________ (fall) off the tree when he _____________ (try) to pick up
a cuckoo’s nest.

7. Escoge un elemento de cada columna y construye frases con ‘because’

We looked nice they had been playing all afternoon.

The room didn’t go on holiday we hadn’t tidied up after the party.
The passengers didn’t get a table he had been driving overnight.
The guests fell fast asleep we had painted it only a week before.
My parents stopped at a motel they had forgotten to reserve one.
The driver got angry we hadn’t saved enough money.
The children were disappointed nobody had told us there was overbooking.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

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8. Lee las siguientes frases en estilo directo. Completa las frases equivalentes en
estilo indirecto con los ‘reporting verbs’ del cuadro.

warn recommend agree suggest

offer suggest ask advise deny

1. He said, ‘Yes, of course’

He agreed.

2. He said, ‘Let’s go to the cinema tonight’.

3. He said, ‘I didn’t break the window’

4. He said, ‘Children, don’t get any closer to the river bank’

5. He said, What’s happening?’

6. He said, ‘You should give up smoking’

7. He said, ‘All right, I’ll do the shopping’

8. He said, ‘Why don’t you take the underground? It’s much faster’

9. He said, ‘Would you like some more wine?’

• OPEN EXERCISES EVALUATION

9. Rellena los huecos con la forma correcta de Present o Past (negativa o
afirmativa) de los auxiliares be, have, o do.

1. I ______________ working tomorrow. It’s my day off.

2. ____________ you ever read Macbeth? It __________ written by Shakespeare.

3. Why __________ you phone to tell us you __________ going to come at all?. We
waited for you all afternoon and you _________turn up!

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4. Paper __________ made from wood.

5. When I phoned John, his wife told me he __________ already left for the office.

6. Oh dear! Someone __________ broken into our house while we _________ out.

7. ____________ your sister still live in Sweden?

- Yes, she _________ been living in Malmö for seven months now but I
___________ she’ll stay there for very long. She says she _________ want to spend
another winter in Sweden!.

8. What _________ the children doing? I ___________ know. I’ll go and have a look.

9. When we ___________ paying for our meal, a gang of robbers came into the
restaurant and stole all the guests’ wallets.

10. We ___________ bring our camera because nobody _________ told us to bring it.

10. Escribe las siguientes oraciones en estilo indirecto (reported speech).

1. ‘I’m going out but I’ll be back by nine,’ he said.

2. ‘My brother wants to be an actor and I wonder why. Nobody in our family has ever
been an actor,’ she said.

3. ‘Is Liz in?’ she asked ‘A man on the phone is asking for her’.

4. ‘Can I have a sweet, mom?,’ the little boy asked.

5. ‘I’m having a History exam tomorrow and I haven’t started studying yet’, the boy
said.

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English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

11. Escribe una redacción de aproximadamente 150 palabras acerca de alguno de

los temas que te proponemos.

1. A present you didn’t like.

2. A present which was special for some reason.

3. The most unusual present you have ever been given.

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