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English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

UNIT 6. AT THE PHONE

• MISCELLANEA

• Expresiones típicas empleadas en conversaciones telefónicas

1. Llamas a un amigo y quieres identificarte. ¿Con cuál de las siguientes
expresiones lo harías?

a. Hi, this is … speaking.

b. Hi, I'm … speaking.

c. Hi, it's … speaking.

2. Para pedir que te pasen con otra línea, departamento o extensión, dirás:

a. Can you connect me with … ?

b. Can you put me with … ?

c. Can you put me through to … ?

3. Y para decirte que esperes un momento, la expresión más habitual es:

a. Wait a moment, please.

b. Hold the line, please.

c. Sit down and wait, please.

4. ¿Podrías relacionar el siguiente vocabulario, todo referido al tema del

teléfono, con su correspondiente definición? Usa el diccionario si no conoces
algunas de las respuestas.

Call paid by the person who receives it. y y Wait

Hold on. y y Directory
Book of phone numbers. y y Reversed charge
Ring a phone number. y y Operator
Time when phone calls are cheaper. y y Dial
Person who helps you make a phone call. y y Off- peak

• Vocabulario relacionado con la gastronomía

5. ¿Qué diferencia hay entre los siguientes pares de palabras? Escoja la opción
que le parezca correcta.

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English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

1. A cook / cooker is a thing which cooks food.

2. A cook / cooker is a person who cooks dishes.

3. A receipt / recipe is a number of instructions for preparing a dish.

4. A dessert / desert is the last course of a meal.

5. My favourite dish in winter is chicken soup / soap.

• TEXT

• The Present perfect tense

Este tiempo verbal se forma con el presente del verbo auxiliar have (cuyo significado
aquí es haber) más el participio pasado del verbo principal.

SUJETO + HAVE + PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS

En el caso de los verbos regulares, el participio se forma añadiendo la terminación -ed

al infinitivo mientras que, para los irregulares, el participio es la forma correspondiente a
la tercera columna de la lista de los verbos irregulares.

Ejemplos: talk talked talked

speak spoke spoken

Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para hablar de acciones pasadas sin especificar cuándo
ocurrieron; es decir, en la frase no encontraremos adverbios de tiempo como yesterday,
last week, three years ago...

Ejemplos: I have visited Holland twice.

John has spent all his money on a new car.

We haven't seen Spielberg’s new film but we have seen Tarantino's.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I have worked I have not (haven't) worked have I worked?
You have worked you have not (haven't) worked have you worked?
He has worked he has not (hasn't) worked has he worked?
she has worked she has not (hasn't) worked has she worked?
it has worked it has not (hasn't) worked has it worked?
We have worked we have not (haven't) worked have we worked?
You have worked you have not (haven't) worked have you worked?
they have worked they have not (haven't) worked have they worked?

En una frase donde se hable de una acción pasada ya concluida y se especifica cuándo
ocurrió dicha acción, el tiempo verbal utilizado será el Past simple.

Ejemplos: I visited Holland twice last year.

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John spent all his money on a new car yesterday.

We didn't see Spielberg’s new film yesterday, we saw Tarantino's.

El past simple es también el tiempo verbal usado para todas las preguntas sobre el
pasado que empiecen por when? y what time?

Ejemplos: What time did you get up today?

When did they arrive?

• Already, yet, just

Estos adverbios suelen acompañar al Present perfect.

ALREADY: significa ya y siempre lo encontramos en oraciones afirmativas. Tiene una

posición intermedia; es decir, se coloca entre el verbo auxiliar have y el participio.

We have already done our homework.

(Ya hemos hecho nuestros deberes.)

YET: puede encontrarse en frases negativas con el significado de todavía / aún o en

frases interrogativas con el significado de ya. Este adverbio suele ir al final de la oración
en ambos casos.

Has your brother returned from Brazil yet? - (¿Ha vuelto tu hermano de Brasil ya?)

We haven't chosen the wine for the meal yet. - (No hemos escogido el vino de la comida todavía.)

JUST: igual que already, suele ir en posición intermedia. Este adverbio, junto con el
tiempo verbal ‘Present Perfect’, suele traducirse por acabar de.

They have just had a baby. - (Acaban de tener un bebé)

Michael has just started a new job. - (Acaba de empezar en un nuevo trabajo)

6. Listening. ‘Preparando la cena’. Lidia parte para Barcelona pasado mañana.

Después de la clase de inglés, los compañeros deciden preparar una cena de
despedida. Están en el bar del hotel donde se suelen reunir. Presta atención al
diálogo.

Nathalie: Hello, Claudia. How are you? We didn’t see you in class this afternoon.

Claudia: I’m fine, thanks. I’ve just arrived from the airport. My friends have arrived from Italy
and they are staying in my flat. I’ve had to prepare everything... you know... do some shopping,
make the beds, erm... all that stuff. And now they are settled in, I felt like having a drink. So tell
me, what’s up?

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Jaan: Well, as you know Lidia is leaving for Barcelona the day after tomorrow, so we have
decided to surprise her with a farewell dinner. We are each going to prepare a traditional regional
dish from our country.

Claudia: That’s a great idea. I think I’ll cook a pasta dish. What about you, Jaan?

Jaan: I’m going to prepare Apfel Strudel. This is apple pie.

Nathalie: I love apple pie with lots of custard. I’m going to cook boeuf chasseur.

Claudia: What’s that? I think I’ve never tasted it.

Nathalie: Boeuf chasseur? That’s beef cooked with wine and mushrooms. And you Orlando? I
suppose you’ll cook a special Mexican dish, some frijoles or “Chili con Carne”?

Orlando: I don’t think so. I’ve never cooked in my life, but I’m an expert on wines. If you don’t
mind, I’ll take care of the drinks.

Nathalie: And you, Ákis? I suppose you’ll cook your delicious moussaka.

Ákis: You’re right. But it will be the best moussaka you have ever tasted. I’m going to
follow my grandmother’s original recipe, which has won many cookery contests, and I’m going to
use fresh products directly imported from Greece.

Orlando: Moussaka is the sort of pie made with aubergines, tomatoes, meat and cheese, isn’t
it?

Ákis: Yes!

Dímitra: Mmm, I see you can’t cook but you know quite a lot about gastronomy!

7. Vuelve a escuchar la conversación e indica si las siguientes afirmaciones son

verdaderas o falsas.

1. Claudia didn’t go to class yesterday. ______

2. Claudia has taken her friends to the hotel. ______

3. Lidia is leaving for Barcelona in two days. ______

4. Jaan is going to prepare apple pie. ______

5. Orlando cannot cook. ______

6. Orlando knows very little about wines. ______

7. Claudia has never tasted the boeuf chasseur. ______

8. Ákis is going to use Greek products. ______

9. Orlando does not know what moussaka is. ______

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8. Completa las siguientes oraciones con el verbo entre paréntesis. Usa la forma
correcta del Present perfect.

Example: Sue has done the shopping. (do).

1. John _____________ to Ireland. (go)

2. We ______________ a lot of famous people in our job. (meet)

3. I _____________ most of Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets. (read)

4. The Johnsons _________never _________ to any of their neighbours. (speak)

5. My sister ________________ to Hawaii several times. (fly)

6. ________ you ever____________ snake? (eat)

7. My grandmother _______ never ________ an operation. (have)

8. He _________________in many foreign countries. (live)

9. The baby _______________ up. (wake)

9. Ahora vuelve a escribir en pasado simple las oraciones anteriores. Complétalas

usando las expresiones que mostramos en el siguiente cuadro.

during the three years they lived in our neighbourhood.

until the age of 88, when she broke her leg.
at the market early this morning.
when you lived in the Amazon?
last summer to improve his English.
at midnight because she was hungry.
the year I studied English Literature at University.
when we worked for a Fashion Magazine.
because she worked for South Pacific Airlines from 1991 to 1995.
when his father was a member of the British Embassy.

Example: Sue did the shopping at the market early this morning.

1. John went to Ireland …

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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10. Completa las siguientes oraciones con already, yet y just + Present perfect.

1. Orlando has ________ gone shopping for the party.

2. Has Claudia phoned the rest of the people _______?

3. Claudia has __________ rung John and Ákis but she hasn’t spoken to Jaan
_______.

• VOCABULARY
• At the phone

Code código
Dial marcar un número
Directory guía telefónica
hang up colgar
hold the line esperar
long distance call conferencia
phone box cabina
put through to poner en contacto con
rates tarifas
receiver auricular
reversed charge call llamada a cobro revertido
switchboard centralita

• Being polite

¡A su/tu salud! Cheers

¡Adiós ! ; ¡Hasta la vista! Goodbye
¡Adiós! Bye-bye!
¡Bienvenido! Welcome!
¡Buena suerte! Good luck!
¡Buenas noches! Good night ; Night-night
¡Buenas tardes! Good afternoon
¡Buenas tardes/noches! Good evening
¡Buenos días! Good morning
¡Cúanto lo siento! How sorry I am!
¡Felicidades! Congratulations
¡Feliz Año Nuevo! Happy New Year!
¡Feliz cumpleaños! Happy Birthday!
¡Feliz Navidad! Merry Christmas!
¡Gracias! Thanks!
¡Hasta la noche! See you tonight
¡Hasta luego! See you later
¡Hasta pronto! See you (soon)

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¡Hola! Hallo, hello!

¡Hola! Hi (there)!
¡Hola! ¡Qué hay! Howdy!
¡Perdón! Excuse me!
¡Perdón! ; ¡Lo siento! Sorry!
¿Cómo está usted? How do you do?
¿Cómo está/estás? How are you?
¿Qué tal? How are things?
¿Y usted/tú? And you?
Adiós definitivo Farewell ; Adieu
Agradecer To thank
Bien ; Vale ; Tirando OK, okay
Bien, gracias Fine, thanks
Buenos deseos Good intentions
De nada ; ¡Faltaría más! Don't mention it
Deseos de felicidad Wishes for happiness
Disculparse To apologize
Encantado de conocerle/te Pleased to meet you
Estrecharle la mano a alguien To shake hands with
Felizmente ; Por fortuna Fortunately
Guardar un feliz recuerdo To have happy memories of
Le presento a… I'd like to introduce you to...
Me alegro de verle/te Nice to see you
Muchos recuerdos Kindest regards
Muy bien Very well
No hay de qué ; De nada Not at all
Por favor Please
Presentar To introduce
Señor Sir
Señora Madam
Sí, por favor Yes please

• SELF-EVALUATION EXERCISES
11. Corrige el error en cada una de las siguientes oraciones.

1. I just have spoken to my boss about having a salary rise.

2. We has been to London three times.

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3. This is one of the most boring films I have never seen.

4. They have arrived a couple of minutes ago.

5. He has applied for several jobs but he hasn’t already found one.

6. They have climbed Mount Kilimanjaro last Easter.

7. Martha has wrote a poem at school.

12. Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en Present Perfect o Past Simple.

Example: I ______ (meet) two very interesting women last Monday morning.

I met two very interesting women last Monday morning.

1. ________ you ever _________ a camel? (ride)

2. The Simpsons are here. They ______________ five minutes ago (arrive)

3. _________ you ever __________ a ghost when you lived in the castle? (see)

4. She looks so brown because she ____________ to Ibiza on holiday. (be)

5. How many gold medals __________ the British team ________ in the last Olimpic
Games? (win)

6. Although Jack ________ London in 1996 and lives in Miami now, he never
_____________ a letter to his parents. He prefers to phone them. (leave / write)

7. Someone _____________ my car. It ____________ last night. (steal / disappear)

13. Rellena los huecos usando cada uno de los verbos que se encuentran en el
cuadro.

get forget swim know be write

1. I’ve often __________ there. I ___________ there yesterday.

2. She’s just __________ a letter to her boyfriend. She usually __________ to him
twice a week.

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3. She has ________ across the English Channel three times this year. She
also___________ across it last year.

4. This actress has _________ married three times. She first ________ married to an
actor, then to a writer and her present husband is a doctor.

5. - You have _________ to put the lights out! And you also _________ to put them
out yesterday and the day before yesterday!

- I’m very sorry. It won’t happen again.

6. How long have you _________ about this affair? I __________ about it when it
started.

• OPEN EXERCISES EVALUATION

14. Escribe cinco oraciones en Present perfect acerca de cosas que nunca hayas
hecho. Por ejemplo: I have never taken a plane.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. ´

15. Completa las siguientes oraciones usando un verbo y una preposición de las
propuestas en el cuadro. No olvides escribir los verbos en los tiempos correctos.
Usa el diccionario si lo necesitas.

Put wake break turn put take out up on up down off

1. Have you heard about that nice couple, Pam and Jim? They _______________ last
month. They are going to divorce.

2. I can’t remember where I left my passport. I ______________ it everywhere!

3. The audience was totally astonished when the magician __________ a koala bear
_________ of his top hat.

4. When the children saw it was snowing, they ______________ their coats, went out
and made a snowman in the garden.

5. Will you ______________ the television, please? That programme is giving me a

headache.

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6. This weekend we are going to the coast to the see the sunrise. It’s one of the finest
views you can enjoy. Would you like to join us? We’re leaving at four a.m. ~ Four a.m? I
think I _______________(never) that early before... OK, I’ll be here at 3.45.

16. Writing. Responde extensamente a las siguientes preguntas.

1. Have you ever ridden a camel? When? Where?

2. Have you ever visited any foreign countries? Which ones and when?

3. Have you ever broken a bone? How did it happen?

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