B1

#GrowingForYou
Student´s Book
G4U GROWING FOR YOU
STUDENT'S BOOK B1

Primera impresión 2020

Universidad Tecnológica de Tula - Tepeji

Av. Universidad Tecnológica No. 1000, C.P. 42830,

El Carmen, Tula de Allende, Hidalgo, México.
www.uttt.edu.mx
Teléfono: 01 773 732-9100
Correo electrónico: uttt@uttt.edu.mx

ISB DIGITAL: 978-607-8680-20-7

DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA, PROHIBIDA SU VENTA

Imagenes de iStock by Getty Images®

 DIRECTORY
Gobierno del Estado de Hidalgo
Omar Fayad Meneses
Gobernador Constitucional

Secretaría de Educación Pública

Atilano R. Rodríguez Pérez
Secretario

Subsecretaría de Educación Media Superior y Superior

Juan Benito Ramírez Romero
Subsecretario
COORDINACIÓN EDITORIAL
ELABORACIÓN DE CONTENIDO
MAQUETACIÓN
MATERIAL AUDIOVISUAL Y
DIGITAL
Todos los derechos reservados a la Secretaría de Educación Pública de Hidalgo.
Jorge Jiménez Reyes, Dalila Lizeth Sánchez Ortiz,
Lucero Alejandra Morales Elizarrarás.
Raúl Baena Paredes, Edgar Pascual Bustos Vargas, Diego Armando
Chagoya Zerón, Isamara Escamilla Leines, Oscar Antonio García
Vega, Jorge Jiménez Reyes, Irving Tomás Lienzo Rivera, Ricardo Pérez
Jiménez, William Quintero Figueroa, Jair Ramos Morita, Guadalupe
Rivera Padilla, Sofía Santín Manzanera, María del Rocío Vilchis Trueba,
Norma Angélica Tolentino Mercado.
Dalila Lizeth Sánchez Ortíz, Lucero Alejandra Morales Elizarrarás e
Israel Estrada García.
Blas Ángel Angeles Maciel, Alexa Fabiola Marquéz Ramírez, Diego
Armando Chagoya Zerón, Yahaira Miren Hamed Gonzalez, Irving
Ortega Martinez , Mitzy Paola Castillo Santamaria, Norma Angelica
Tolentino Mercado, Isamara Escamilla Leines, Edgar Pascual Bustos
Vargas, Sofía Santin Manzanera, Oscar Antonio García Vega, Nayely
Pérez García, Parley Horacio Valdes Rabling, Raul Baena Paredes, Kirk
Miller, Karla Natalia Rivera Márquez, Rubí Magdalena Ocadiz Vergara,
Timothy Mathew Harp, Roberto Reynoso Velázquez, Isaura Marine
Cisneros Rojas, Jair Ramos Morita, Elvia Díaz Reséndiz, Gilberto López
García, Miguel Ángel Guevara González.
RECONOCIMIENTO ESPECIAL

Universidad Tecnológica de Tula-Tepeji

Irasema Linares Medina
Rectora

Universidad Politécnica Metropolitana de Hidalgo

Norma Ivonne Luna Campos
Rectora

Universidad Tecnológica de Mineral de la Reforma

Víctor Manuel del Villar Delgadillo
Rector

Universidad Tecnológica del Valle del Mezquital

Marco Antonio Ocadiz Cruz
Rector

Universidad Tecnológica de la Huasteca Hidalguense

Ricardo Rodríguez Alarcón
Rector

Universidad Tecnológica de la Sierra Hidalguense

Miguel Ángel Téllez Jardinez
Rector
 GOVERNOR´S MESSAGE
La Agenda para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la
Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha establecido
entre sus objetivos para el año 2030: erradicar la
pobreza, mejorar las condiciones de vida de la
población y lograr la rápida transición a una economía
baja en emisiones de carbono y resiliente al cambio
climático. Para ello, la educación superior tiene un papel
fundamental para generar las condiciones que permitan
promover la prosperidad y la supervivencia de las
generaciones presentes y futuras, ya que constituye una
de las áreas del quehacer humano que ha tenido
trasformaciones sustanciales con el advenimiento de la
sociedad del conocimiento y con la creciente dinámica
del desarrollo tecnológico.
En este sentido, el Plan Estatal de Desarrollo 2016-2022
considera como uno de sus objetivos estratégicos de
mayor relevancia: Impartir servicios educativos con
suficiencia, calidad y relevancia; que se garantice el
acceso a la educación con igualdad de oportunidades y
que se destinen recursos a programas de impacto que
incidan en la mejora de las condiciones de bienestar de
la persona. Es por ello que desde el principio de mi
administración me comprometí a hacer de Hidalgo un
referente en materia educativa a nivel nacional, con la
finalidad de potenciar y satisfacer los niveles de
desarrollo económico, social y cultural de todas las
regiones del estado.
Sabemos que la mejora y la alineación de las
competencias clave para favorecer la inserción al
mercado laboral de los egresados de educación
superior constituye uno de los desafíos más importantes
a los que nos enfrentamos como país y como estado.
Por ello, estamos empeñados en brindar a los jóvenes
universitarios las herramientas y apoyos que les
permitan continuar sus estudios profesionales y
desarrollar las competencias, los conocimientos
técnicos y las habilidades transversales necesarias para
una gran variedad de alternativas ocupacionales. Una de
estas habilidades es el dominio del idioma inglés.
The Agenda  for the Sustainable Development of the
United Nations Organization has established among its
objectives  for the year 2030: to eradicate poverty,
improve the living conditions of the people and achieve
rapid transition to a low-carbon-based economy thus
caring for climate change; to this end, higher education
has  a key role to create conditions which may enable
the promotion of prosperity and the survival of present
and future generations. Education is one of the areas of
human endeavor that has suffered substantial
transformations with the advent of the society of
knowledge and with the growing dynamics of
technological development.
In this direction, the State Development Plan 2016-2022
considers education as one of its major, relevant and
strategic objectives: to offer education services with
adequacy, quality and relevance which ensures access
to better opportunities, allocating resources to create
programs which may have an impact on the welfare of
the person. This is the reason why I committed myself to
make Hidalgo a national reference in educational
matters since the beginning of my administration, with
the aim of enhancing and meeting the best economic,
social and cultural development levels in all regions of
the state.
We know that  the improvement and  alignment of key
competences to integrate new graduates into the labor
market represents one of the main challenges we face
as a country and as a state. Therefore, we are
committed to providing the young university students
the tools and support to allow them to continue and
conclude their professional studies and develop the
technical knowledge and competences which will
enable them to acquire cross-cutting skills, necessary
for a wide variety of occupational alternatives.  One of
these skills is the command of the English language.
Mastering the English language  allows  individuals to
access a great number of ideas, scientific processes
and information resources only available in that
language. Furthermore, it gives access to an enormous
cultural heritage in all senses. Consequently, being able
to communicate well in English empowers people and 
enables professionals to take advantage of global
scenarios using knowledge and information.
It is clear that Hidalgo seeks to raise its competitiveness
on the national and international contexts, proof of this
is that we have become the new economic destination
of Mexico, thanks to the strategies aimed at attracting
investment that has, as never before, been coming to
our territory. We know that the English language
proficiency will be crucial to make Hidalgo attractive as
a state and Mexico as a country. This will permit us to
aspire to a greater economic and social development,
hence better life quality of Hidalgo’s population.
Dominar el idioma inglés permite a los individuos acceder a
un cúmulo de ideas, procesos científicos y recursos de
información disponibles en esa lengua. Permite también el
acercamiento a un enorme patrimonio cultural en todos los
sentidos, de manera que poder comunicarse
adecuadamente en inglés permite empoderar a las personas
y habilitar a los profesionistas para insertarse de manera
adecuada en diferentes escenarios globales, mediante el
acceso al conocimiento y el aprovechamiento de la
información.
Es claro que Hidalgo busca elevar su competitividad en el
concierto nacional e internacional, prueba de ello es que nos
hemos convertido en el nuevo destino económico de México
gracias a las estrategias de atracción de la inversión que de
manera historica han llegado al territorio hidalguense.
Sabemos que el dominio del idioma ingles incrementará el
interés por nuestro estado y por consiguiente por nuestro
país, lo que nos permitirá aspirar a un mayor desarrollo
económico y social que se traduzca en mejor calidad de vida
de la población hidalguense.
Reconocemos que, en el contexto globalizado actual, el
inglés no puede considerarse un idioma más, ya que su
dominio puede amplíar y potencializar las posibilidades de
comunicación y colaboración de las personas. Si una persona
sabe inglés, puede conectarse con el mundo y si lo
desconoce, entonces las posibilidades de interactuar con
personas de otras latitudes, de aprender y de colaborar en
forma global, se reducen considerablemente.
We certainly acknowledge that in today’s globalized
context, English cannot be considered just one more
and potentiate the possibilities for communication and
collaboration of individuals. By speaking English,
people may connect to the world. Conversely, not
knowing the language reduces the possibilities to
interact with people from other latitudes, to learn and
to collaborate globally.
Dear student, today you are granted these materials
which were designed and made by professionals of the
state higher educational system to support your
learning and help you improve your English
may build and sustain a society where values such as
justice, equality, inclusion, tolerance and respect
intercultural professionals who are able to understand
their country, their region and the whole world.
We know that you, your parents and your teachers want
a better future for Hidalgo. So do I. On these grounds, I
want to tell you that you and the prosperity to your
be conceived. Hence, we are totally certain that
investing in education is the best investment we can
make to achieve our objective: May Hidalgo grow, but
grow with you!

Omar Fayad Meneses.

Estimado estudiante, hoy pongo en tus manos este material
que fue diseñado y realizado por maestros del sistema
educativo estatal de nivel superior para apoyar tu aprendizaje
y contribuir a mejorar tu nivel de dominio del idioma inglés.
En Hidalgo queremos formar personas capaces de construir
y sostener una sociedad en la que prevalezcan valores como
la justicia, la igualdad, la inclusión, la tolerancia y el respeto.

Para ello es necesario formar profesionistas globales e

interculturales que sean capaces de comprender tanto a su
páis y a su region, como al mundo entero. Estamos
completamente convencidos que ustedes, sus padres y
maestros, al igual que yo, quieren un mejor futuro para
Hidalgo. Por ello quiero decirles que el centro y motivo de
este material son ustedes y la prosperidad de sus familias,
porque tenemos la convicción y la certeza de que invertir en
educación es la mejor inversión que podemos hacer para
lograr que ¡Hidalgo crezca, pero que crezca contigo!

Omar Fayad Meneses.

CONTENTS

13 UNIT 1: @Hidalgo_Tech
32 UNIT 2: Jobs
48 UNIT 3: Have you ever...?
64 UNIT 4: Telling a Story
78 UNIT 5: Discovering Hidalgo
92 UNIT 6: Let´s go Camping!
110 UNIT 7: Catching
1 up!
124 UNIT 8: Landmarks
140 UNIT 9: We are what we eat
156 UNIT 10: Dreams
172 GRAMMAR REFERENCE
215 EXTRAS
UNIT 1 @Hidalgo_Tech

LESSON A SAN FRANC -e- SCO INTRAFAIR

1. MATCH THE PEOPLE (1-8) TO THE OBJECTS THEY HAVE (A-H).

a. I have a drone e. I have laser lights

b. I have a fair souvenir f. I have a typical dish
c. I have pyrotechnic g. I have a ticket
d. I have a loudspeaker h. I have a laptop

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.
 2. MANY ENGLISH WORDS HAVE THE SAME VOWEL SOUNDS BUT DIFFERENT
SPELLINGS. MATCH THE NOUNS 1-8 TO THE WORDS A-H WITH THE SAME SOUND.
THEN LISTEN AND CHECK.

1. Lap a. Seeker
2. Ticket b. Later
3. Dish c. Pyrogenic
4. Laser d. Lab
5. Speaker e. Cricket
6. Pyrotechnic f. Interfere
7. Souvenir g. Throne
8. Drone h. Fish

3. WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN YOU GO TO YOUR LOCAL FAIR? CHOOSE AN ANSWER

AND COMPARE IT WITH 2 CLASSMATES.

1. I buy typical dishes. 4. I always buy tickets to get on the rides.

2. I take my sunglasses with leds to dance. 5. A different one ______________.
3. I love watching the fireworks.

4. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATIONS AND PUT THE PHRASES IN ORDER (1-5). ONE
PHRASE IS NOT MENTIONED IN EACH LIST.

1. 2.

fair. Comm
Things in a on act
ivities
.
1. flying drones _______ 1. watch the lights performance _______
2. eat typical dishes_______ 2. try pastes and barbacoa_______
3. loudspeakers _______ 3. printed tickets _______
4. fair souvenirs _______ 4. can’t keep some as souvenirs _______
5. not to stand close _______ 5. digital tickets _______
6. laptop _______ 6. with laser lights _______
 5. LISTEN AGAIN AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

1. You can’t ___________________________ it.

2. The most ___________________________typical dishes.
3. It ___________________________fantastic.
4. My favorite DJ is ___________________________.
5. He’s ___________________________his loudspeakers
and his laptop.
6. Continue telling me what things you like
___________________________at the fair.
7. I really enjoy ___________________________traditional
food.
8. They ___________________________an awesome
performance.
9. They are not ___________________________them
anymore.

6. WORK IN PAIRS. WRITE AND PRACTICE A CONVERSATION USING THE

INFORMATION BELOW. THEN CHANGE ROLES.

Student A: You want to go to the International Fair of

San Francisco in Pachuca Hidalgo. Try to persuade
your friend to drive you there.

Student B: You are a close friend but you are reluctant

about going because you have to drive 2 hours to get
there.
LESSON B SCIENTIFIC AUTOMATION

1. TAKE A LOOK AT THE PICTURE, DISCUSS WITH A CLASSMATE AND MAKE NOTES ON
WHAT YOU THINK THE LISTENING WILL BE ABOUT.

2. LISTEN TO A CONVERSATION ABOUT TECHNOLOGY IN THE STATE OF HIDALGO.

CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER AND WRITE IT NEXT TO EACH QUESTION.

1. Why does Emilio run fast? _____

a. He has a lot of news.
b. He wants to talk to his grandfather.
c. He wants to discuss with his grandfather.

2. What does his grandfather remember? _____

a. He remembers reading articles on the
computer.
b. He remembers being into technological
news.
c. He remembers reading a similar topic.

3. What does his grandfather think about

scientists? _____
a. He thinks they are very capable.
b. He is realistic and he knows they are at
disadvantage.
c. He doesn’t say anything about scientists.
3. LISTEN AGAIN AND WRITE T FOR TRUE OR F FOR FALSE IN THE LINES.

1. I’m going to tell you about a national race. ___________

2. Our scientific community always tries to do the best for us. ___________
3. I am usually informed about these topics. ___________
4. Scientific community often has important ideas. ___________

Present Simple.

I/you/we/they try I/you/we/they don’t try Do you/we/they try…?

He/she/it tries He/she/it doesn’t try Does he/she/it try …?

Adverbs of Frequency.

100%
1. Our scientific community
always tries to do the best for us.
Always
75%
2. Scientific community often
has important ideas.
usually
50%
3. He sometimes reads
technological articles.
sometimes
25%
4. I am rarely informed about
these topics. rarely

0%
5. The teacher never gives the
children new apps.
never
 4. REFER TO THE INFORMATION ABOVE AND WRITE THESE SENTENCES IN THE
CORRECT COLUMN.

1. It is used to talk about things in general. 3. It is used to talk about habits and routines.
2. It is commonly used before the main verb. 4. It goes after the verb to be.

PRESENT SIMPLE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY.

5. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE WITH THE SIMPLE PRESENT OF THE VERBS IN
BRACKETS.

Mining Technology.
Real de Monte is located fifteen minutes from the capital of Hidalgo, it 1___________ (be)
the highest inhabited place in Mexico. It 2___________ (have) a fantastic mining region and
witnessed the birth of a passion for soccer. People always 3___________ (tell) visitors that
the first football match in Mexico was played here. Real del Monte 4___________ (be) one
of the tourist emblems of Hidalgo and 5___________ (belong) to the Mountain Corridor
Route. In 1824 the English arrived to this place, with the most advanced mining
technology that existed in the world at that time. The museum “Mina La Dificultad”
6___________ (exhibit) a sample of the transition from vapor to electrical machinery. The
museum also has an iconic chimney, huge cellars and the famous winch which still
7___________ (work). People in “Mina La Dificultad” 8___________ (not / excavate) the mine
anymore, they are digging a branch next to “La Dificultad” and they 9___________(do) it
the way their great grandparents used to. The workers usually 10___________(eat) “pastes”
which is also a traditional food in the region. The museum 11___________(open) at 10 am
and 12___________(close) at 6 pm. A great place to admire our old technology.
 6. COMPLETE THE PERCENTAGES COLUMN AND WRITE SENTENCES USING ADVERBS
OF FREQUENCY.

100%

75%

50%
sometimes Emilio sometimes plays with his soccer ball.

25% My grandfather is rarely late for an appointment.

rarely

0%

7. WORK IN PAIRS. USE THE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY AND THE PRESENT SIMPLE TO
ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS ABOUT THESE TOPICS.
Example:
A: How often do you read scientific topics? B: Two or three times a month

1. Read scientific topics.

2. Travel around the state of Hidalgo.
3. Learn about new technologies in our state.
4. Clean the environment.
5. Try new typical food.
6. Share places of Hidalgo on social media.
7. Support local events.
8. Visit magic towns.

8. WORK IN GROUPS. USE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY AND THE PRESENT SIMPLE.

WRITE AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES ABOUT 2 TOPICS IN EXERCISE 7.
READ YOUR SENTENCES TO ANOTHER GROUP AND THEY HAVE TO GUESS WHICH
THE TOPICS ARE. THEY HAVE 20 SECONDS TO GUESS.
 LESSON C ANCIENT TECHNOPHILES

1. BEFORE YOU READ, DISCUSS WITH A CLASSMATE.

1. How old is the oldest person that you know?

2. How much does that person know about technology?
3. Does she/he like it?

Old and exposed.

Santiago de Anaya. July/2020. Santiago de Anaya is famous for its high number of indigenous people, with
strong ethnic beliefs but also is a fantastic place because people live happy, they have such a quiet life and
respect for the environment. People usually grow their own vegetables, they always work in the fields, they
spend the afternoons with their friends in the local plaza, they go there to walk and to ride their horses.
Breeding animals is a common activity and also spending time playing soccer or basketball, flying kites or
even practicing bare knuckle boxing is a typical activity. People from other parts of the state come here to
learn from them, how they live, what they eat and how they do it.

A few months ago, the town’s life changed drastically when an invitation to become part of a new era arrived
from the state authorities, the era of technology in their own town had arrived. To begin with, the citizens
had to learn how to read figures and outlines, in order to create their own stoves and kitchen supplies.

This is what the people had to learn:

• Change their regular routines

• Learn basic maths
• Do basic calculations
• Apply heat and fire to metal
• Design their own supplies, as stoves, pots or ovens
• Interact with other people from the town
• Ask everything they don’t know to the ones in charge
• Work in teams

Nowadays, this is a common activity among the residents and especially to the oldest ones. They really
enjoy it, not only because they are in contact with new technological things but also because they can sell
those products and have an extra income.
 2. COMPLETE THE TABLE WITH ACTIVITIES MENTIONED IN THE ARTICLE. ADD -ING TO
THE VERBS WHERE NECESSARY.

Do Go Play

Riding a horse

3. ADD THESE ACTIVITIES TO THE TABLE IN EXERCISE 2. THEN ADD ONE MORE
ACTIVITY TO EACH COLUMN.

sports hiking homework nothing running shopping

tennis the piano yoga athletics sports dices

4. LISTEN TO A RADIO INTERVIEW. ARE THESE SENTENCES TRUE OR FALSE?

1. Maribel is traveling to every single town of Hidalgo. T F

2. They are in a studio. T F
3. In her story, women do not help men to aid the coyote. T F
4. In Maribel’s memory, local people are cutting trees and destroying the surroundings. T F
5. The 54 ethnic groups gather together every time they can. T F
6. Family bonds and respect are the least important aspects in indigenous regions. T F
 5. READ THE SENTENCES BELOW. WHICH THREE USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE?
WHY? DISCUSS WITH A CLASSMATE.

1. Men create their kitchen supplies and women are selling them.
2. I have a picture in my mind.
3. My father is driving the car.
4. The oldest ones are giving talks about the importance of nature.
5. What they eat and how they look.
6. They have a strong belief in nature.

6. THE OTHER TWO SENTENCES IN EXERCISE 5 USE THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

TENSE. HOW DO YOU FORM THIS TENSE? MATCH THOSE SENTENCES TO THE
FUNCTIONS A, B AND C.

Sentences

a. To talk about things happening at the moment of speaking.

b. To talk about things happening around now but not necessarily at
the moment of speaking.
c. To talk about current trends and changing situations.

Present Continuous Tense.

I am driving I’m not driving Am I driving?

You/we/they are driving You/we/they aren’t driving Are you/we/they driving?
He/she/It is driving He/she/it isn’t traveling Is he/she/it driving?

For more information and practice check the Grammar Reference.

7. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PRESENT OR PRESENT

CONTINUOUS FORM OF THE VERBS IN THE TABLE.

Live Have Travel Stay Listen to Invite Work Give

1. I ________________ a fantastic time walking through the oldest towns during these days.
2. Regional girls ________________ as hard as men do.
3. For this summer, I ________________ in San Lorenzo to avoid getting sick.
4. How often _____ you ___________ to indigenous towns?
5. Right now, I __________________ a fantastic mariachi playing my favorite song.
6. Indigenous people __________________ in Santiago de Anaya.
7. Sshh, Listen. Maribel ________________him to visit indigenous communities next vacation.
8. Old people ________________ talks to foreigners on how to protect the land.
 LESSON D HAPPIOLOGY

1. WHICH OF THESE ACTIVITIES MAKE YOU FEEL HAPPY? ORDER THEM FROM 1 TO 5 (1
IS THE HAPPIEST). DISCUSS YOUR CHOICES WITH A CLASSMATE.

a. Getting a good night's sleep.

b. Eating what I like.
c. Learning new things.
d. Going out with friends.
e. Spending a complete day watching movies.

2. SKIM THE TEXT. WHICH OF THESE THREE SENTENCES WOULD BE THE BEST
SUMMARY?

1. Happiness comes from water and its rivers.

2. Technology may help raise happiness or it might result the other way around, if it is not well focused.
3. Happiness and technology can be measured by applying a well conducted survey.

Happiness and Technology.

Only an hour's drive from the
state's capital is the municipality
of Ixmiquilpan, a place where
old and new, wet and dry, green
and dried up converge. A town
left behind in the past but
nowadays, it is one of the most
visited places in the region. Life
span, work, fun and happiness
for many residents is improving.
It is becoming more and more
popular in the region and among where innovation, technology,
tourists. Citizens from this applied science and electronics
municipality are aware that if are growing as fast as crops in
they do not bet on technology, the rainy season. It is a fact that
natural resources will extinguish many different things are
in a short period and once again, happening in the state’s capital.
their hometown will be left out
to forgetfulness. A city that has brought Silicon
Valley to its own Metropolitan
Not even 70 kilometers from Area. The institute of Harvard
Ixmiquilpan, there's a place has decided to implement one
of their most ambitious projects strategy, they will obtain and
in Hidalgo, a project which implement the best possible
promises to bring prosperity to option to maintain its thermal
the region, and to solve many rivers and their water parks
social problems which this which allow them to have a
society is encountering. regular income.
Professionals are getting trained
to be able to identify, analyze One of the researchers started
and apply this new asking them many questions
methodology in order to attack, because he wanted to know
eliminate and restore any why these people seemed to be
damages which the problematic full of euphoria. He asked, how
may have caused. much they earn a month, how
healthy they feel and how changed. Today, they live with
People from Ixmiquilpan have secure their hometown is? He joy, they are grateful for what
decided to bring many was amazed because the they have, they are really living
professionals enrolled in this citizens were pretty normal, life and they want to keep it as it
program to develop and nothing special between him is no matter what. Transform
implement a strategy to and them, so what was it? He Hidalgo and the institute of
maintain and recover damaged thought about it all the trip, Harvard accepted the challenge
sites and why not? to teach when they got there, he finally to find a technological
them and their neighbor found the answer to his approach to preserve these
communities how to coexist questions, and that is, people beautiful ecosystems, the
with their surroundings and to from Ixmiquilpan used to live program's leader PhD Ramon
obtain a touristic benefit from it. under the weather, no hope of Alberto Sanchez believes this is
People are very optimistic, they making their lives better but the real heart of the program, to
assure that with help of local when a local resident be able to help Hidalgo’s society
authorities, automation but discovered the gorgeous rivers with real actions not just by
most important with Harvard’s beneath them everything filling a bunch of documents.
 3. READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER A, B OR C

1. It is in the first paragraph and it is a consequence of happiness. _________

a. technology b. lifetime c. more people
2. An aspect which is happening in the state nowadays is. _________
a. freedom b. technology and applied science c. happiness.
3. Silicon Valley is mentioned in the text as an example of .... _________
a. development b. happiness c. life span
4. People from Ixmiquilpan wish to … _________
a. have more tourism b. have more money c. preserve nature.
5. What’s life like in Ixmiquilpan today? _________
a. full of water b. full of waterparks c. full of hope
6. Hot underground water is considered as… _________
a. hot water b. thermal c. good for health
7. The project leader says that this is the heart of the program _________
a. the objective b. the guidelines c. the experiences.

4. IDENTIFY ONE WORD IN EACH SENTENCE THAT REFERS TO EITHER TECHNOLOGY

OR HAPPINESS. WRITE IT ON THE LINE.

1. Not even 70 kilometers from distance, there's a place where innovation, technology, applied science and
electronics are growing as fast as crops in the rainy season. ________________
2. People there are very optimistic and they assure that with help of local authorities, automation, and most
important with Harvard’s strategy. ________________
3. A researcher started asking them many questions because he wanted to know why these people seemed to
be full of euphoria. ________________
4. Today, they live with joy, they are grateful for what they have, they are really living life and they want to keep
it as it is no matter what. ________________

5. WORK IN GROUPS. DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS. TAKE TURNS ASKING AND

ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS, MAKE SURE EVERYONE PARTICIPATES.

1. How happy do you think you are?

2. Old people tend to say “the happy ones never get sick” To what extent do you agree?
3. What do you think are useful categories to measure happiness?
4. How technological do you think you are?
5. How can someone measure technology?

6. HOW HAPPY ARE YOU?

1. Work in the same group.

2. Now make a list of five categories to measure happiness and five categories to measure technology (ie:
Happiness; money, sleep, love… Technology: investment, willingness, availability ...).
3. Then have everyone in the group give a score for each category (1=very happy, 2=happy, 3=ok, 4=not very
happy).
4. How happy is your group?
5. Have two members of the group present your categories and results to the class.
 LESSON E MY FIRST MAGIC E-TOWN

1. DISCUSS WITH A CLASSMATE:

Many people look for information on the internet about places they intend to visit. Do you think this is a good
idea? Why?

2. READ THE ONLINE FORUM AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

1. What problem does each person have?

2. Do you think the advisor gives them good suggestions?
3. Can you think of a better one?

www.myelessons.page

TRAVEL E-HIDALGO WITH BILLIE :)

Ciria: I am looking for a place to stay during my next vacation, but I want a quiet place surrounded by nature where I

can breathe clean air and eat something fresh. Do you think there is something like this here in Hidalgo?

Billie: I’m completely positive. It is only 30 kilometers from Pachuca. It is the most relaxing place near the city. There

you can find trout which are from the lagoon in front of you. You cannot have anything fresher than that and also,

there are beautiful cabins where you can rest and forget about the world, everything surrounded by pine trees and

local nature. Go there immediately!

Leslie: Hi, I live in a small town and I really want to experience night life with my friends. We are thinking of going to a

city but we are not sure because we want a secure place where we can walk from the hotel to the clubs and shops

without fear. Help please :(

Billie: Let me think about it. No, I’m joking! That place exists, its name is Pachuca. It is a city where you can walk at

midnight and no one will attempt to hurt you. It has hotels all over the city and they are very affordable just in case.

Clubs, cafes, sports bars, a soccer stadium or everything that you can think of, it’s there so what are you waiting for?

Guillermo: Hey hey hey, It’s me Guillermo. Hey, by any chance do you know a place where I can celebrate my golden

wedding? You know me, I would like a peaceful town but not too quiet, a little bit cold, maybe a touristic place but not

too crowded and of course with a beautiful church to celebrate my wedding mass. Just tell me good news, please.

Billie: 50 years now, wow incredible. I know the right place for you my old friend. This place is a magical town and just

for your information it is the first town in Mexico to be named Magical town. It will take me hours to tell you all the

amazing places there are, so pay attention carefully because I will tell you about the best place. The farm “Santa Maria

Regla” is a magical place full of stories, mysterious corners, natural spaces, memories and a chapel but don’t think it’s

an ordinary chapel, this chapel is baroque style where you can celebrate your wedding, Santa Maria Regla is also a

hotel and they have weddings, an all-included service. Go and get married there. You can thank me later. Its name is

Huasca de Ocampo, proudly the first magical town in Hidalgo and in Mexico.
 3. CONJUNCTIONS “AND, OR, SO, BUT, BECAUSE”. LOOK AT EXAMPLES OF THESE
CONJUNCTIONS IN EXERCISE 2 AND COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING RULES.

1. We use _______________________ to connect two words or parts of a sentence.

2. We use _______________________ to introduce an idea that is different.
3. We use _______________________ to say “with the result that”.
4. We use _______________________ to explain the reason.
5. We use _______________________ to connect an alternative word or idea.

4. IMAGINE YOU WANT THE ADVISOR TO SUGGEST A SPECIAL PLACE IN ONE OF THE
MAGIC TOWNS IN HIDALGO.

1. Choose a town.
2. Then write a message to Billie asking for his suggestion.
3. Use conjunctions.
4. Write between 60 to 80 words.

5. EXCHANGE YOUR MESSAGE WITH A CLASSMATE.

1. Imagine you are Billie.

2. Write a reply with two or three recommendations.
3. Remember to use conjunctions too.
 UNIT 1 Test

GRAMMAR /5
1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PRESENT OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FORM OF THE VERBS IN THE BOX.

walk attack visit destroy investigate

1. My grandfather always ___________________________ in the forest to stay calm.

2. Those students ___________________________ how to develop a new type of electrical lighting.
3. Is that your horse? He often ___________________________ the plants in my garden.
4. Look!, Those dogs _____________________ that kid. Let’s help him.
5. A: It’s sad to see how those lumberjacks _______________________ our natural heritage and couldn’t do anything
about it.
B: Yes, so sad.

VOCABULARY /5
2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS BELOW.

typical dish drones ticket typical drink fireworks

1. The sky above the state’s fair is filled with _________________.

2. You have to queue for more than 30 minutes to get a _________________ at the fair. .
3. I find it very difficult to get into the concert, I don’t know how to get a digital _________________.
4. My kids were afraid of _________________ , so we don’t usually go to local fairs.
5. The instructions say: Serve them up hot, with tortillas aside of their _________________.

LISTENING / 10
3. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATIONS AND WRITE TRUE OR FALSE.

1. The motor usually runs well. ________________

2. The motor has all its parts in the correct order. ________________
3. She is watching her neighbors right now. ________________
4. She is talking to one of her neighbors. ________________
5. Every day the place is completely full with people. ________________
6. Tourists do not come during the local fair. ________________
7. She is lazy, but at the moment, she is working hard. ________________
8. She is usually a hardworking person. ________________
9. At this moment, horses are passing by. ________________
10. She regularly walks to the top of the hill. ________________

READING / 10
4. READ THE ARTICLE ABOUT CRAFTS AND EMBROIDERY IN THE STATE OF HIDALGO AND
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW.

Millennial Heritages.

Hidalgo, a state in Mexico full of wonderful landscapes, towns and ancient cultures. As a
result of this mixture, there is an extensive diversity of crafts in its territory.

"El Valle del Mezquital", "La Huasteca Hidalguense", “Tenango de Doria” and some of its
villages are specialized in handcrafts.

In "El Valle del Mezquital", textile crafts are made on a backstrap loom, and designers and
workers stamp traditional designs. There are crafts that are made with hard fibers, mainly
from “maguey” and “lechuguilla” which are some of the raw materials commonly used by
the inhabitants.What is more, there is "La Huasteca" this region has a utilitarian objective
rather than decoration. It is for this reason that almost thirty types of crafts have been
registered as local in the area and they are planning to register 5 more.

Traditional Huasteca clothing has a delicate artistic confection. Throughout centuries,

Nahuatl culture has maintained and reinforced a process of identity that is reflected in this
clothing.Another of the essential places is the municipality of Tenango de Doria, where
people make fabrics and embroidery. In these communities the traditional hand
embroidery occupies a fundamental place in the material and symbolic life of the
population.

They use silk threads, wool and other materials, and have been made by craftsmen and
craftswomen since pre-Hispanic times. Hidalgo's crafts are diverse thanks to the different
indigenous groups in its territory, in addition to the focus that certain communities have on
crafts as the main means of having an income. Thus, all of these facts lead the state to
possess an unmatched quality and a highly ranked place in making handcraft in Mexico.

Referencia extraída de: https://www.asiesmimexico.mx/es/hidalgo/artesanias/artesania-de-hidalgo/

1. Where do workers and designers work together in their textile crafts?

2. How many local crafts will people in "La Huasteca" will have after they register 5 more?

3. What is the purpose of crafts for people in La Huasteca?

4. Name the materials people use in Tenango de Doria to create fabrics.

5. Does Hidalgo have a wide range of crafts? Why?

WRITING / 10

5. WRITE BETWEEN 80 TO 100 WORDS DESCRIBING WHAT YOU COMMONLY DO TO KNOW

MORE ABOUT YOUR STATE. USE THE CONJUNCTIONS: AND, SO, OR BUT, BECAUSE.
 SPEAKING / 10
6. CHOOSE ONE OF THE CHARACTERS BELOW. TALK TO YOUR CLASSMATE ABOUT WHAT
YOU REGULARLY DO AND WHAT YOU ARE DOING RIGHT NOW. WHO HAS THE MOST
INTERESTING LIFE?

What does Rosario regularly do? What does Elias regularly do?
ROSARIO ELIAS

10 am: go to work. 10 am: go to the park.

12 pm: have lunch with her best friend. 12 pm: have a snack with his best friend.
5 pm: finish working and go to the gym. 5 pm: go to visit his girlfriend.

What is Rosario doing at the moment? What is Elias doing at the moment?
1. read a book. 1. play video games.
2. think about her debts. 2. eat popcorn.
3. listen to classical music. 3. listen to heavy metal music.

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 2 Jobs

LESSON A ENJOY YOUR WORK

1. DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS WITH YOUR PARTNERS.

• Do you work?
• What do you do in your work?
• Do you enjoy your work or you
just do it for money?

2. READ THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS AND CHECK THE MEANING OF THE WORDS
IN BOLD IN A DICTIONARY. THEN LISTEN AND REPEAT.

1. It's good to be employed but, it isn't a problem if you're unemployed.

2. A good salary is more important than an interesting job.
3. It's good to get on with your colleagues but if you don't, that's OK.
4. Experience in a job is more important than qualifications.
5. People with qualifications earn more money than other people.
6. Your boss is one of the most important people in your life.
7. Most people would like to be self-employed.

3. TICK THE STATEMENTS FROM THE LAST EXERCISE THAT YOU AGREED WITH.
4. READ THESE SENTENCES. CHOOSE THE CORRECT MEANINGS OF THE WORDS IN
BOLD.

1. Amelia works hard and she knows what to do. She has a lot of confidence.

belief that you are able to do something well.

✔ time to stop any project.

2. The boss will decide what to do about the problem with a technology consultant.

relative or family member who gives comfort.

an expert who gives advice.

3. All the news programs forecast an increase in jobs for young people.

predict or say what is likely to happen.

wish or hope that something happens.

4. My first day In the job was frightening. I didn’t understand what to do.

makes you feel tired and sleepy.

makes you feel afraid.

5. Karen has a passion for Mexican history. She has about 20 books on the subject.

strong interest or enthusiasm.

pain or fear.

6. There are several colleagues in my office who have much more experience

person part of your family.

person who has the same profession as you.

7. Tomorrow will be stressful because I have to

give two presentations.

interesting and satisfying.

worrying and full of pressure.
 LESSON B CAREER PLAN

1. READ THE ARTICLE “I HAVE A PLAN”. WHAT IS RUBEN’S PROBLEM?

ave a
p o r t ant to h
im
hat it's e's goin
g to
e n b e lieves t o n e . H
Rub e has Then
e r p la n and h r t w o years.
car e h e
or anot d job
y in h is job f b e h a rd to fin
sta t it can are
il l le ave bu h is friends
he w o f
everal study in
the
e s e d ays. S n s t o
th he pla hospita
lity
e m p loyed. So m o re
un t
d ge start an
v e n in gs an e in t e nds to
e Then h ho has
u a li f ic ations. it h a friend w
q w
gency

a p la n o n li n e travel a
rience.

I have r-old m
an
b u s in e ss expe
e cause
he love
s
o -y e a r k b
enty-tw to his wo ith his
S a la s, a tw t p la ns trips u b e n enjoys o n well w
Ruben y th a R ets He
r av e l agenc H e's the
n g and g is n 't good.
t . li y
works f
or a Hidalgo trave is salar the
p la c es in n a g e r and
a g u e s , but h u t h e knows
beautif
ul pany m
a colle oney b use
o t h e com m p le , next s k f o r more m y w e ll beca
t a will a e r
assista
nt . For ex oing v online.
He
p a r t o f his job w e e k end in p a n y isn't d
o li d a y s
travels
as end a com their h ise.
g o in g to sp a n d the
le n o w plan l g iv e him a r
he 's o ” peo p il
month l Chic t they w
ra l p ark “E v is it some
s n 't t h ink tha
tu t o doe
the na th he's
going
g m o n .
followin campo
H u a s ca de O
in
hotels

2. ARE THESE SENTENCES ABOUT RUBEN TRUE OR FALSE?

T F
1. Ruben can afford to buy all the things he wants.
2. He works in an office every day.
3. He plans to stay with the travel agency for a year.
4. He hopes to get a better job.
5. He intends to work with his brother.
6. He wants to get business qualifications.
7. Ruben’s company agreed to give him a rise.
 3. READ THE ARTICLE AGAIN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

1. What does the travel agency do?

2. What does Ruben do as part of his job?

3. How long is Ruben going to stay in his job?

4. How does Ruben feel about his work and why?

5. Why isn't the company doing well?

6. What do you think Ruben should do?

7. Does Ruben enjoy his job?

We use going to to refer to plans and intentions in the future.

Affirmative: I'm going to get more qualifications in the next two years.

Negative: My boss isn't going to give me a rise.

Questions: Are you going to leave your job?

Yes, I am./No, I'm not.

4. WRITE THE WORDS INTO THE CORRECT ORDER.

1. Ruben / Where / spend a weekend / is /next month? / going to

2. is / What / do / going to / Huasca de Ocampo? / Ruben / in

3. Ruben / is / a long time / going to / job / stay / at his

4. going to /How /is /get/ Ruben /more hospitality qualifications?

5. Why / for more money? / is/ going to /he /ask

6. Ruben /going to/ ask for a rise? / is

 LESSON C FUTURE SKILLS

1. WORK WITH A PARTNER. ANSWER AND

DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. What do you think the quotation means? Do you

think it is true?

2. What job is the woman in the image doing?

Would you like to do that job? Why or why not?

3. What job would you like to do in the future? Why?

“”Choose a job you love, and you will never have
to work a day in your life“.” 4. What skills and or qualifications are necessary for
Confucius that job?

2. LISTEN TO A “PRESENTATION OF THE FUTURE SKILLS FOR A JOB” AND NUMBER

THE FOLLOWING TOPICS IN ORDER.

The situation of having one job for life is changing.

Workers will need the ability to work well with others.

Workers will know about a range of different work fields.

Workers will change jobs often in the future.

Workers will feel comfortable in different environments.

Workers will be able to use new media technology.

Workers will need to make sense of a lot of data.

 3. LISTEN TO THE “PRESENTATION OF THE FUTURE SKILLS FOR A JOB” AGAIN AND
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING NOTES.

job skills:
Five future
king: to
Sense-ma Multi-spe
cialists:
______ c)_________
d a)_______ ______ skills
understan n beyond d
: see need kno
wledge o
for decisio ifferences f
necessary comfortab
; be other e) __
___________
le in differe
making. environm nt ____________
____.
ent. Must
share
common
goals and
work style
s.

New-media literacy:
Social intelligence: be
ability
able to
& confidence to use
work in b)_________ groups
e.g. d)_________________,
w/others; change
blogs, podcasts;
behavior.
will present own
AV info.

Future Forms

We can use both will and going to to talk about actions and events we think will happen in the future
(PREDICTIONS). Add definitely (100% sure), most likely (80-90% sure), or probably (70-80% sure) to express
how sure you are that something will happen. Study the forms:

Affirmative
I will definitely go to the presentation of Dr. Fox next month.
I am probably going to attend the presentation of Dr. Fox next month.

Negative
I definitely will not go to the presentation of Dr. Fox next month.
I am probably not going to attend the presentation of Dr. Fox next month.

Interrogative
You don’t use definitely, likely, etc. in questions and you make simple yes/no questions or you can use
question words:
Will you attend the presentation of Dr. Fox?
Are you going to attend the presentation of Dr. Fox?
When will your new job begin?
 4. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH DEFINITELY, MOST LIKELY, OR PROBABLY. USE
THE PROMPTS IN BRACKETS.

1. Melissa _______________________ apply for the receptionist job at the hotel. (affirmative / 70%-80% sure)
2. I _______________________ quit my job next year. (affirmative / 100% sure)
3. My brother _______________________ work abroad after graduation. (negative / 80%-90% sure)
4. Young people without education _______________________ find good jobs. (negative / 100% sure)
5. More young people _______________________ choose high-tech careers. (affirmative / 80%-90% sure)
6. Suriday and Ana _______________________ look for a job in their home town. (affirmative / 70%-80% sure)
7. I _______________________ find a job by searching internet employment sites. (affirmative/ 80%-90% sure)

LESSON D ROBOTS

Parallel structure in a writing

Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level
of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is
with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as and or or. Example:

Parallel: Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle. I think I’ll take a long nap, go fishing, or swim in the
river.

Not Parallel: Not Parallel:

Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. I think I’ll take a long nap, go fishing, or swimming
in the river.

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION TO CREATE

PARALLEL SENTENCES ABOUT ROBOTS.

1. Robots will be able to drive and _________ words.

a) speak b) to speak c) spoke d) speaking
2. Most robots today help build things like cars, appliances, and ____________.
a) making houses b) makes houses c) houses d) made houses
3. Some robots are designed to explore underwater, go down into volcanoes, and ___________.
a) traveling to other planets b) other planets c) travel to other planets d) traveled to other planets.
4. Robots which were sent to Mars will collect soil, analyze it, and ___________ the data back to Earth.
a) send b) to send c) sending d) were sent
5. We also use robots because they never get sick, take a day off, or ____________.
a) complains b) to complain c) complained d) complain
6. Robots are unable to think, feel, or ___________ decisions.
a) makes b) making c) make d) made
7. It is believed that robots are going to increase our quality of life and _____________ care of us.
a) to take b) taking c) take d) takes
2. READ THE PARAGRAPH. CAN YOU SEE THE STRUCTURES OF FUTURE? THERE IS
ONE MISTAKE IN PARALLEL STRUCTURE, CAN YOU SEE WHERE IT IS?

My name is Ricardo and I think that my future will be very bright. I'm currently
in my third year of the university and next year I am going to become an engi-
neer. After graduate, I will probably travel for a couple of weeks, see some
friends, and then to look for a job. I'm studying to be a mechatronic engineer so
I would like to get a job in an important engineering firm in my hometown such
as Bombardier Transportation. It is not going to be easy, but I will do my best.
In three years I think I will try to buy a house in Pachuca. I want a house that is
near my family, that isn't too expensive, and that isn't far from work. I don't
know, but I hope I will be married in four years. I'd like to start a family in about
five years. I know it is going to be difficult to get all my goals so I will most likely
study a master in robotics. That's what I think will happen, but of course no one
can predict the future!

3. WHERE DO YOU SEE YOURSELF IN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS? THINK ABOUT SCHOOL,
FAMILY, CAREER, AND OTHER GOALS. CREATE A BRAINSTORM WITH YEARS AND
DETAILS.
4. PLAN A PARAGRAPH DESCRIBING WHERE YOU SEE YOURSELF IN FIVE YEARS.
LOOK BACK AT YOUR BRAINSTORM AND WRITE A TOPIC SENTENCE. DECIDE HOW TO
ORGANIZE YOUR PARAGRAPH. REMEMBER THE USE OF PARALLEL STRUCTURES,
FUTURE STRUCTURES AND IF IT IS NECESSARY USE PHRASES LIKE: DEFINITELY, MOST
LIKELY OR PROBABLY.

5. EXCHANGE PARAGRAPHS WITH YOUR PARTNER. CONSIDER YOUR PARTNER’S

COMMENTS AND REWRITE IF NECESSARY.
 LESSON E WHAT TO DO BEFORE ANSWERING A QUESTION?
We usually need to give ourselves thinking time before answering to a question. There are some techniques you
can use to fill silence while you think the best answer or just to remember any data.

A) Ask the speaker to repeat the question, example: Pardon? Sorry? Excuse me? Can you say that again?
B) Make "thinking noises", example: Hmm. Er. Well.
C) Use English expressions which mean you are thinking about your answer, example: That’s an interesting
question. Let's see. Let me think. Give me a second. Just a moment.
D) Repeat the question slowly, example: What … will… I do… after class? …

1. LISTEN AND CHECK THE TECHNIQUES THE SPEAKERS USE. ACCORDING TO THE
PREVIOUS EXPLANATION. TICK THE BOXES.

A B C D

7
FUTURE TIME MARKERS
When you are predicting future ideas and trends, use these expressions to signal a shift from talking about the
present to talking about the future:
Before long, paper will be a thing of the past.

Here's my forecast of job skills that will help you in the next 20 years.
I'd like to talk to you today about work in the coming years.

2. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES. USE FUTURE TIME MARKERS.

1. I think the local job market for graduates will improve ____________________.
2. I think that ____________________ eco-friendly companies will expand.
3. Do you think that most workers will have English skills____________________?
4. Experts think that ____________________ many low-tech jobs will disappear.
5. It is clear that ____________________ new career areas will be developed.

3. MAKE THREE MORE JOB PREDICTIONS.

4. YOU WILL INTERVIEW SOME PARTNERS ABOUT THEIR FUTURE AND BELIEFS OF
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE. YOU HAVE TO START DOING THE QUESTIONS.
CREATE TEN QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR PARTNER’S FUTURE.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

4. WORK IN PAIRS. ASK AND ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS FROM EXERCISE 4 WITH A
PARTNER. YOU CAN USE ANY TECHNIQUE TO FILL SILENCE IN YOUR ANSWERS.
 UNIT 2 Test

GRAMMAR /5
1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FUTURE FORM (WILL OR GOING TO) OF
THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.

1. I don’t think my manager ______________ (like) my report.

2. I heard that the boss ____________ (choose) a new manager.
3. I _____________ (see) that new film tomorrow night with my friend.
4. I think you ___________ (enjoy) your holiday in Greece.
5. In my opinion, Maria ____________ (stay) in her job for the next ten years.

VOCABULARY /5

2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH A WORD FROM THE BOX. THERE IS AN EXTRA WORD
YOU DO NOT NEED.

get on well self employed stressful qualifications salary earns

1. I’ve got experience and all the right ______________ for the job.
2. My work is very ______________, there are many problems in the office.
3. He ___________ $10,000 pesos a month.
4. I am the boss of my own business. I am __________________.
5. I really like going to work. I ______________ with my colleagues. They’re great!

LISTENING / 10
2. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION, WHO IS GOING TO DO WHAT NEXT WEEK? WRITE E FOR
(ELENEA) OR WRITE R FOR (RODRIGO).

1. work late on Monday evening

2. deal with some computer problems
3. work on a new project
4. write a report
5. deal with a difficult client
6. work late on Tuesday evening
7. go in early on Tuesday
8. go in early on Wednesday
9. give a presentation
10. look for a new job

READING / 10
4. READ THE PROGRAM OF A MANAGERS AND LEADERS’ FAIR AND ANSWER TRUE OR
FALSE.

Managers and Leaders Fair Program

Welcome and Introduction by Dr Richard Fox

08:00- It is a great fear for leaders and managers to exchange views and information, allowing them to discuss current
08:30 challenges as well as a great way of assessing your own leadership skills.

STAGE NORTH EAST WEST

What is your Management style? The importance of the feedback Should I change my manage-
by Melissa Clark by Amelia Cazares ment? by Israel Berlusconi

08:30 – There’s not a perfect style. Consider Explore the different ways to give Help your employees once you
09:20 the different management styles feedback to maximize develop- change the way you deal and see
and decide which one suits your ment. the positives change it can bring.
team.

09:20 – 10:20 Coffee break at the garden

STAGE NORTH EAST WEST
Leading small businesses Hey, tell me a story. Leading in hard times
by Mary Hammer by Antony Perez by Yanik Hernandez

10:20 – How is leading small businesses
11:10 different and how can leaders of
small businesses bring success to
their team?
Sometimes, the best way to
communicate with your team is by
telling stories. Find out how to do
this in this workshop.
Hard times in the company can
affect the success of your team.
Learn to bring confidence to your
team in different stages of the
company.

11:10 –13:00 Lunch at the garden

STAGE NORTH EAST WEST
Managing international projects Conflict management by Silvia How can you get your team to
by Laura Crown Hunter think more creatively? by Lino
Mars
13:00 – Consider how to ensure successful Conflict can create problems in
13:50 intercultural communication in your your team, but managing conflict Developing creative thinking in your
international teams. well can bring about development. team. Explore the different ideas
Learn how to manage conflict in that can help your team see things
this workshop. in a new way and be successful.

13:50 – 14:50 Group discussions

14:50 – 15:30 Conference closing by Dr Richard Fox

1. The fair will help you to plan your executive future with an effective T F
SWOT chart.
2. Antony Perez will present before Yanik Hernandez. T F
3. Melissa Clark thinks that we should know our own management style T F
and not change it.
4. Silvia Hunter will present in the same stage as Amelia Cazares. T F
5. Amelia Cazares believes that we should give feedback to help our T F
employees get better at what they do.
6. Israel Berlusconi will focus on the problems with change. T F
7. Richard Fox believes that leading small businesses is different from T F
leading big ones.
8. Yanik Hernandez thinks that when your team doesn't feel sure about T F
the things happening around them, it can cause problems.
9. Silvia Hunter believes that conflict is bad and you should not let it T F
happen in your team.
10. Lino Mars considers important the different points of view from each T F
colleague.

WRITING / 10
5. IMAGINE A TYPICAL DAY IN 2050. WHAT WILL IT BE LIKE? WRITE A PARAGRAPH
DESCRIBING WHAT IT WILL BE LIKE. USE THESE QUESTIONS TO HELP YOU ORGANIZE
YOUR IDEAS. WRITE IN PARAGRAPHS.

PARAGRAPHS YOUR IDEAS

Introduction
Study and work
Transport
Entertainment
Conclusion
 SPEAKING / 10
6. WORK IN PAIRS. ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR PLANS FOR NEXT WEEK.
WHO HAS THE MOST RELAXING WEEK? USE THE INFORMATION IN THE SCHEDULES
BELOW.

Student A

MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

breakfast
English
morning class
with
parents

work tennis
afternoon meeting class

go to the dancing
evening
gym lessons

Student B

MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

trip to yoga
morning musuem class

French lunch with

afternoon class friends

driving go to the
evening
lessons cinema

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 3 Have you
ever ...?

LESSON A HOBBIES

1. TALK TO A PARTNER. ASK EACH OTHER THESE QUESTIONS.

1. What’s your favorite hobby?

2. When did you start practicing it?
3. How often do you practice it?

2. LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING WORDS (1-10) AND MATCH THEM TO PICTURES (A-F).

1. Chess
2. Blog
3. UFO
4. Clown fish
5. Delicacy
6. Birdwatching
7. Chicken pox
8. Trout
9. Graveyard
10.Forest
3. THERE ARE SEVEN WORDS IN THE WORD SEARCH PUZZLE FROM ACTIVITY 2. FIND
THEM AND WRITE THEM ON THE LEFT.

Y V S Z Z L T V P E Y B G K C
W S B B G D E L I C A C Y C Z
B C J I S R M Y J Y K A K U T
L C H X R E T U A Y K K F F L
O W L I B D N F K Y J M A O A
G I R H C M W C Y I G Y F Q A
R G A D K K R A Q U U R O Z Y
K U R E M Q E A T R O A H T G
I S U A D C M N W C O H E E F
N V I X V Y G R P E H B Y Y P
I B V R W E G U N O W I C D S
R W T T Z R Y S F V X T N F G
C H E S S P X A E J G N M G X
H S G J Z Z L A R H W H C D R
D C H V V M D P K D R A K N M

4. LISTEN TO A STUDENT TALKING ABOUT HIS EXPERIENCES AND FILL IN THE GAPS
WITH THE MISSING INFORMATION.

Well! What can I tell you? My name is Mark I live in Huasca de Ocampo, a paradise in Hidalgo. Huasca
was the first “Pueblo Mágico” in Mexico.
I have done a lot of activities here; I have lived in Huasca de Ocampo for about 12 years. I have done
many things here; I have gone _______________ in the _______________since I was a little boy. Many people
are terrified about this, but I have never seen a _______________a ghost in this beautiful place. Everything
has been incredible.
Let me tell you that mom is a great cook, she makes new dishes all the time. They are a _________
because they are very delicious, and she always asks me before I leave the house for school
something like “Would you like some _______________with tomato sauce and mushrooms Mark? I don’t
think you have ever tried it”. Actually, you can find this kind of fish all over Huasca; in fact, it is a
traditional dish.
I have also played _______________in different state wide competitions since I was 7; actually, my
grandfather played with me every day. It is sad to say, but he died a few years ago, and he is now in
the _______________.
Well! I have to say good bye because I haven’t finished my homework yet, it is about natural areas in
Mexico; thank God I have already written a _______________about the flora and fauna in Hidalgo.
Bye!
 LESSON B FREE TIME

1. READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE

QUESTIONS.

Eustress and hobbies Have you heard about eustress? It is a

beneficial form of stress, that has a positive
impact on your life, how can you foster it? Well
to start, you need to make sure you don’t waste
little periods of time throughout the day that
result in hours down the drain on social media or
TV. By focusing, and not multitasking, you can finish your tasks
faster and have time to yourself at the end of the day or week,
time that you can devote to engage in more productive
activities that require effort and that might represent a
challenge to you but that have the positive characteristic of
improving your mental and physical health and in the long run
make you happier.

Have you heard of birdwatching? Have you gone to the forest

to observe various species of birds? Many people around the
world like taking their camera to the nearest forest and
photograph birds to later investigate about their behavior and
characteristics, some people even keep diaries and collect
pictures; the state of Hidalgo is perfect to practice
birdwatching, each region in Hidalgo is full of different species
waiting for you to photograph them, this is a great way to get
in contact with nature and breathe some fresh air. Have you
visited the Barranca de Metztitlán? It’s a ravine in that
municipality that extends for kilometers, it has amazed people
for centuries. If you haven’t been to this place, waste no more
time and plan your visit, this place is so important that it has
been declared a biosphere reserve.

Are you worried about pesky mosquitoes? it is fine, you don’t

need to go to the forest to make the most of your free time,
have you practiced any sports recently? Have you
played tennis or soccer? Sports are a great way of
making friends and using your leisure time, not to
mention the health benefits they bring to your
life, if you want to be healthier and foster
eustress, if you haven’t decided
what sport to practice, don’t worry,
there are many options.
 Have you tried cooking? You can watch
tutorials online and follow recipes to cook
delicious dishes, it’s likely that you have
seen videos of people cooking and having a
good time or maybe you have seen someone in your
family baking cookies or a cake, and if you haven’t
learned how to cook, you can take lessons. Learning a
new ability fosters eustress.

I bet you have met people with artistic abilities, art is

another example of an activity that challenges you and
that has many positive results, have you thought about
painting a self-portrait? You can take up painting classes
or, once again, use the internet to take an online course,
you can even sell your masterpieces and make some
money out of it. Many people around the world have
become famous painters or authors only because
they had a lot of time in their hands.

No matter what activity you decide to take up,

make sure you spend your free time wisely
and in a way that pushes you to be
creative, productive and that has a good
Eustress and hobbies impact in your body and soul.

1. What is the text about?

2. What does the text say about social media? Do you agree?

3. What is eustress?

4. What are the benefits of taking up new hobbies?

5. Have you been to Metztitlán?

6. Are you familiar with the hobbies mentioned in the text?

7. Which hobbies mentioned in the article have you practiced?

8. Do you have a hobby? What is it?

 2. WRITE THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE FOLLOWING VERBS.

Base form Past participle Base form Past participle

Be Tell

Eat Have

Visit Talk

Hear Read

Meet See

3. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONVERSATION USING THE VERB IN PARENTHESES.

Andy: Hello Mario, how are you?

Mario: I’m great! It’s good to see you, guess what, I’m visiting Tula next Sunday, ______________ you
______________ (be) to Tula?
Andy: No, I ______________ ______________ (visit) Tula, but I know there is an archeological zone there.
Mario: Yes, that’s right, my sister ______________ ______________ (hear) lots of things about that place, people
say it’s incredible, why don’t you come with us?
Andy: Really? Well, I guess I can go, can I bring a friend?
Mario: Of course who are you bringing?
Andy: ______________ you ______________ (meet) Aiko the exchange student from Japan? I ______________
______________ (tell) her a lot about Mexico but sadly, she ______________ ______________ (have) the
opportunity to visit any place in Hidalgo.
Mario: Oh yes, she is a really nice girl, my girlfriend and I ______________ ______________ (talk) to her a couple
of times at school. Some other friends are joining us too, my friend Victor practices birdwatching.
Andy: Birdwatching? I ______________ ______________ (read) articles about that!
Mario: Vic also said he would take us to a restaurant after visiting the ruins, ______________ you ______________
(try) ximbó?
Andy: Oh yes, I have! It’s delicious! I think I’ll let Aiko know right now, let me call her, ______________ you
______________ (see) my cellphone?
Mario: No, I haven’t…

GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE, DO THE EXERCISES AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS.

 LESSON C DISCOVERING HIDALGO

1. LISTEN AND COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE WITH THE MISSING WORDS.

Laura: Hey Aiko, did you enjoy our trip to Tula?

Aiko: I sure did! Such a beautiful place, the history of your country amazes me.
Laura: Mexico’s history is very rich, but Japan’s history is also interesting. Your country is beautiful, some
of the landscapes I have seen are breathtaking!
Aiko: _______________ ever _______________to Japan?
Laura: Oh, well, not really, but _______________, I’m a big fan of Japanese movies.
Aiko: That’s nice! I also discovered Mexico and its culture through television and movies. Actually,
something I’m really curious about is the food, some dishes seem delicious, like Barbacoa,
_______________ever _______________it?
Laura: Yes, _______________barbacoa hundreds of times! It’s delicious! What other places have you visited in
Mexico?
Aiko: _______________and Teotihuacan only, in fact Vic and Andy said _______________a place called Metztitlan,
they mentioned there is a breathtaking ravine with a river and orchards at its bottom,
_______________never _______________anything like that!
Laura: Believe it or not, _______________never _______________to Metztitlan either, why don’t we go next weekend,
my dad can lend me his minivan, what do you think?
Aiko: It sounds great! Let’s do it!
Laura: There is one little detail though, I can’t drive, _______________ever _______________a car in Mexico?
Aiko: No, _______________never _______________that in my life, I don’t know how to, but I’m sure someone else
can drive, Mario’s girlfriend drove the last time, maybe she’ll join us this time too!

2. COMPLETE THE RULES AND WRITE 3 EXAMPLES FROM THE DIALOGUE.

Negative Questions

We use the word _______________ to indicate that we do

We use _______________ to ask someone if they have
not have any experience on something which
experienced something at some point in their life.
someone asks us about.

GO TO GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS.

 3. LISTEN TO THE DIALOGS AND SELECT THE OPTION YOU HEAR.

Aiko: Hello, Andy? This is Aiko, how are you? Have Mario and Amy arrived
already/yet?
Andy: Hello Aiko, yes, they’ve already/just
packing?
Aiko: I have already/just already/yet.
Andy: Tell her to hurry, we are on our way to your place to pick you up, we’re
having breakfast in Metztitlán.
Aiko: Do you have enough gas?
Andy: Yes, we do, we’ve already/just stopped for gas, don’t worry! Tell Laura to
hurry…
Aiko: Don’t worry, she still/yet

On the way to Metzitlán…

Laura: It’s great that you decided to join us Amy, thanks for driving as well, you are
really good at it!
Amy: I’m glad to come, I love driving, I’ve driven cars since/for I was 15, my
grandpa taught me.
Mario: Tell us Aiko, how long have you studied in Mexico?
Aiko: I’ve studied here since/for December.
Laura: Is that it? We’ve known each other since/for
And how long have you been together Mario and Amy?
Amy: We’ve been a couple for one year.
Mario: That’s right but we’ve known each other since/for 2010!

GO TO GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS.

LESSON D I HAVE NEVER...
1. READ THIS BLOG POST AND SELECT THE CORRECT OPTION.
HAVE YOU BEEN TO …?
Let’s go for a swim!
I have/has recommended you some
beautiful places in Mexico for a long time,
but today I’m going to tell you about a
special place I really like. This place is
located in Hidalgo, its name is Las Grutas
de Tolantongo.
This little paradise is in San Cristobal, El
Cardonal, near Ixmiquilpan. Have you
ever/never be/been to Ixmiquilpan? No?
Well, it’s another fantastic place, but I’ll talk
about it next time.
Las Grutas de Tolantongo is a place where
you can find different natural attractions,
such as waterfalls, caves, hot spring waters,
Blog
a river and tunnels. Also, you can go hiking
or buy a ticket for the zip line, it’s amazing!
I have already/just visited Las Grutas de
Tolantongo four times. In fact, I’ve
already/just been there last weekend. This
weekend I stayed in the hotel, but the other
three times before, I have camp/camped.
Also, I have swum/swim in the river and in
the hot spring waters, these last ones are
wonderful.
I definitely recommend you this place. Here
you can relax and have fun. It has been a
marvelous experience. Have you visited Las
Grutas de Tolantongo just/yet?
 2. HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO LAS GRUTAS DE TOLANTONGO? IF YOU HAVE, WRITE A
COMMENT ABOUT YOUR EXPERIENCE. IF NOT, ACCORDING TO WHAT YOU HAVE
READ, WRITE A COMMENT SAYING IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN VISITING THE PLACE
AND WHY.

3. READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT.

What is a Blog?

A BLOG is an online place where

someone displays information

Post
about a specific topic. A blog is
composed of posts.

To write a successful post, this means that the audience

will be fascinated by it, the topic has to be interesting.
You can use informal writing. The post should have a
specific structure.

1. TITLE (The title catches the reader’s attention)

2. INTRODUCTION (Set the topic. Give general information)
3. BODY (Give details of what you are talking about. Give
your opinion about the topic. It may have 2 or 3
paragraphs)
4. CONCLUSION (Remark your opinion with a general
comment)
4. WRITE A POST ABOUT AN INTERESTING PLACE YOU HAVE VISITED. FOLLOW THE
PREVIOUS OUTLINE.
LESSON E HAVE YOU BEEN TO…

1. READ THE CONVERSATION AND COMPLETE IT WITH THE WORDS FROM THE BOX.

trout gone have(x2) made yet haven’t been(x2) since

Sergio: Hello Rodrigo! How_________ you been?

Rodrigo: Hi Sergio! I’m fine and you?
Sergio: I’m fine too. Tell me, how was your trip to El Bosque de las
Truchas?
Rodrigo: It was wonderful! Have you __________ there?
Sergio: No, I haven’t. How many times have you ________ there?
Rodrigo: It was my first time there.
Sergio: And what did you do?
Rodrigo: Well, there is a place where they raise ________, and you can buy
food to feed them. Also, you can go fishing on the lake.
Sergio: Oh! That’s amazing. I haven’t _________ fishing _______ I was ten. I love
fishing. What else can you do there?
Rodrigo: There are some zip lines, boat rides, horseback riding,
restaurants, souvenir shops and an aquatic area.
Sergio: Wow! It sounds so cool!
Rodrigo: Hey! Here you have, I brought you this souvenir. I hope you like it.
Sergio: Thank you so much. This key ring is incredible.
_____ you _______ plans for the weekend _______?
Rodrigo: No, I ________.
Sergio: Would you like to go again to El Bosque de las Truchas?
Rodrigo: Yes, sure.
Sergio: Awesome, let’s plan the trip next Thursday.
Rodrigo: Yes. See you.
Sergio: Bye.
 2. WRITE FIVE SENTENCES USING THE PHRASE “I HAVE NEVER…”. THE SENTENCES
SHOULD BE ABOUT THINGS YOU HAVEN’T DONE

Example:
I have never eaten frog.
I have never written a romantic letter.
I have never kissed a dog.

3. LET’S PLAY “I HAVE NEVER…”

1. The whole group makes a circle with their chairs.

2. Someone starts by reading out loud one of their sentences form the previous exercise; the group listens to
the sentence.
3. If you have done what your classmate mentions, you have to raise your hand.
4. The game continues with the sentence of the next classmate.
 UNIT 3 Test

GRAMMAR /5

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. I have ____________ joined a chess club, my friend Rosa is also in it.

a) Just b) Yet c) for
2. We are going to the concert; I’ve _________ bought the tickets.
a) yet b) never c) already
3. Have you ________ seen a UFO?
a) ever b) yet c) just
4. Teacher César has ________ taught English in his life.
a) never b) ever c) just
5. A: How long have they been here? B: They have been here __________ two hours.
a) for b) since c) already

VOCABULARY /5

2. CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

1. Has Aiko ever gone ___________?

a) camp b) birdwatching c) chicken pox
2. Daniel hasn’t had a ___________.
a) blog b) graveyard c) forest
3. Karla suffered from _____________ last week.
a) trout b) chicken pox c) birdwatching
4. I have eaten________________ since I was a kid; I live in Huasca.
a) trout b) chess c) delicacy
5. Has Tania tasted this __________?
a) delicacy b) delicacies c) delicious
 READING / 10
3. READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

Have you ever watched the movie Titanic? You sure have heard about the
enormous vessel whose attempt to cross the Atlantic Ocean in record time
failed terribly on the early morning of April 15, 1912. The story of the
shipwreck has remained in our collective memory as the number one tragedy
in the history of maritime transportation.

Since the shipwreck was found in 1985, it has delighted many scientists and
researchers around the world, but not only them, a good number of fortune
hunters have made their way to the spot where the wreck lies at a depth of
about 3000 meters, and hard to believe as it is, they have reached the
remains of the ship more than once.

For decades, the wreck has been explored and many objects have been
retrieved from it with the purpose of studying and later displaying them in
museums, but sadly many others have been illegally extracted and sold by
plunderers to private collectors, thereby hindering researchers from fully
understanding the exact cause and mechanics of the ship’s sinking, as well as
its history, this is why we haven’t understood many aspects of the shipwreck
yet.

Many mysteries still haven’t been solved, but each year new data is recorded
and studied by scientists, for example, for many years, people believed that
the ship broke in half when the hull impacted the seafloor, but recent studies
have already proved that in fact the ship broke in half while it nose-dived at a
nearly 60 degree angle, studies and 3D models have shown that such
unusual position, resulted in a lot of stress in the middle part of the vessel
which it could not tolerate and therefore ended up breaking it in half.

In spite of the fact that the film starred by Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate
Winslet depicts a more dramatic and embellished version of what happened
that night, some parts are actually accurate, nonetheless some aspects of
the story will remain a mystery for the years to come.

1. This article is most likely part of:

A) A magazine.
B) A scientific journal.
C) A newspaper.
2. The best title for the article is
A) The Titanic sinks, hundreds die.
B) The Titanic, a story to remember.
C)
✘ The Titanic, facts you probably didn’t know.
3. Why is the movie mentioned?
A) To introduce the topic using a relatable idea.
B) To help the reader remember the movie.
C) To remind the reader about how good the movie was.

4. The main idea in paragraph two is:

A) The discovery of the shipwreck in 1985 was delightful.
B) Despite lying deep in the ocean fortune hunters have reached the wreck.
C) The remains of the ship lie deep in the Atlantic Ocean.

5. The main idea in paragraph three is:

A) The shipwreck has been widely explored for years in spite of plunderers.
B) The shipwreck has been reached by plunderers and scientists.
C) Plunderers have hindered researchers from understanding the shipwreck.

6. The purpose of paragraph four is:

A) To bust a myth widely spread.
B) To explain how the ship sunk.
C) To describe when the ship broke in half.

7. The main idea in paragraph five is:

A) The movie is very accurate and reflects exactly what happened in real life.
B) The movie is accurate up to a point but some things will remain a mystery.
C) The movie is inaccurate but still worth watching.

8. The purpose of the article is:

A) To inform readers about new discoveries related to the Titanic.
B) To describe what happened the night the Titanic sank.
C) To discuss facts the reader most likely didn’t know about the shipwreck.

9. The word “Plunderers” in paragraph three probably means:

A) Sea creatures that inhabit shipwrecks.
B) People that extract things illegally from a damaged or abandoned place.
C) People who are curious and that decide to explore shipwrecks.

10. The word “Hinder” in paragraph three probably means:

A) To make it difficult to do something.
B) To make it easier to do something.
C) To make it possible to do something.
 LISTENING / 10

4. LISTEN TO TWO STUDENTS TALKING ABOUT THEIR TRIPS; THEN, ANSWER TRUE (T) OR
FALSE (F).

1. Andy has just visited La Grutas de Tolantongo. T F

2. Mark has visited Las Grutas de Tolantongo since he was very young. T F
3. Andy has never been to Tenango de Doria. T F
4. Mark’s grandma has never redecorated her house. T F
5. Colorful embroideries with animals and plants have represented Tenango de Doria. T F
6. Mark and Andy have already eaten insects in Tenango de Doria. T F
7. Mark still hasn’t read about “Chicalas”. T F
8. Andy has never learnt how to pack her luggage. T F
9. Mark and Andy haven’t been to Tenango de Doria together. T F
10. Andy hasn’t had time to check all of the information of her flight yet. T F

WRITING / 10
5. WRITE A BLOG POST ABOUT YOUR FAVORITE DISH. USE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
TO ORGANIZE YOUR IDEAS.

• Why do you like it?

• How long have you eaten it?
• Where is it form?
• Which ingredients does it have?

SPEAKING / 10
6. THINK ABOUT FIVE ACTIVITIES YOU HAVE DONE FOR A LONG TIME AND THREE YOU
HAVEN’T. SHARE THEM WITH A PARTNER.

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 4 Telling a
Story

LESSON A I DID IT MYSELF

1. MATCH THE SENTENCES WITH THE PICTURES, WRITE THE NUMBER ON EACH
IMAGE.

1. Maria spilled coffee on herself, she had to change.

2. Go to the beach by yourselves, I can take care of the children.
3. Maria taught herself how to cook.
4. Mariana and Linda enjoy reading by themselves in their room.
5. I don’t like eating by myself, it makes me very sad.
6. I poked myself in the eye with my finger, I wanted to scratch my head.
7. Lucas solved the equation himself, no-one helped him.
8. Did the cat hurt itself playing?
9. We can fix the car ourselves, we don’t need a mechanic, it’s easy.
10. My son can’t tie his shoelaces himself, he still needs help.
 2. DISCUSS THE QUESTIONS AND REWRITE THE PREVIOUS SENTENCES UNDER THE
CORRECT CATEGORY.
• What are some examples of accidental actions?
• What are some examples of things you can do to yourself on purpose?
• What word do we use to indicate that people do things alone?
• What are some examples of difficult actions in the sentences? Do you need help to do them?

Things people Difficult things people Things you do to

Accidental things
do alone do with no help yourself on purpose.

GO TO GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND DO THE EXERCISES.

3. COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH THE CORRECT OPTIONS FROM THE BOX.

herself himself myself themselves ourselves

by themselves herself cut himself by myself hurt myself

Ricardo is from Zacualtipan, he’s 19 years old and he’s incredibly smart. The
other day he fixed his laptop _______________. He didn’t need anyone to help
him, but he almost _______________ with a utility knife. He has a sister, her name
is Rosa, she is 21 and she always asks Ricardo to help her with her
mathematics homework, because she can’t do it _______________. Rosa loves
her Literature class; she is always reading books _______________ in her room.
Ricardo and Rosa study in Pachuca, they rent a house where they live
_______________, they also work part time because they pay for their studies
Ricardo

_______________, their parents help them with the rent. They both are my
friends. I usually invite them to come over to my house because I don’t like
to study _______________. It’s better for me if I study with people around me,
however when it comes to math homework, even if Ricardo and Rosa are
with me I solve my equations _______________. We always have fun together, and
we take care of each other, actually, last Monday, I _______________ and Rosa
drove me to the hospital, nothing bad happened but it's good to know that
we can solve our own problems _______________.
4. MATCH THE WORDS IN BOLD WITH THE DEFINITIONS.

Rosa loves her literature class because she loves reading

about legends, stories about elves, witches and goblins;
frightening books about eerie events that happened in the
mines in Real del Monte and many other weird stuff, she
also enjoys reading history books.

Word Definition

Adjective. Strange and scary.

Traditional stories passed from generation to generation, they

can be about events seen as historical but without proof of their
authenticity.

Supernatural creatures with pointy ears that have magical

powers and can have a humanoid form.

Adjective. Something that makes you terrified and anxious.

A narration about real or imaginary events that people tell for

entertainment.

The science that studies past events.

Adjective. Very strange.

Ugly and little creatures that enjoy annoying humans. There is a

museum dedicated to them in Huasca de Ocampo.

Women with supernatural powers that are usually depicted with

pointed black hats and ugly faces.
 LESSON B I’VE NEVER BEEN MORE SCARED

1. DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS.

1. Look at the title and the picture from the text below. What do you think the story is about?
2. What do you see in the picture?
3. Do you think the story is about real life or fantastic events?

2. READ THE TEXT AND DECIDE IF THE STATEMENTS BELOW ARE TRUE OR FALSE.

A frightening night
My name is Rosa, and I love the rich history of Hidalgo. Have you ever been to Zapotlán de Juarez? People grow
crops there, my great-grandfather was a farmer and he grew corn, he built a small shack in the middle of the
corn fields where he stayed when he needed to take care of his crops. One day when I was little, my father
decided to take us to the shack, during the harvest season, my parents decided to spend the night there.
Everyone was sleeping, when an eerie sound coming from outside woke me up, it was the echoing and
unintelligible crying of a child. Since I didn’t understand if he was saying something, I went outside to check
but I saw nothing but fog; suddenly I noticed a red glow at the distance and I decided to follow it.

I heard someone moving between the tall corn stalks. Before I reached the glow, it disappeared and the crying
stopped, I thought a little kid was lost and I proceeded to ask “Have you lost your parents?” When suddenly a
raspy female voice whispered in my ear with a sinister tone, something I will never forget: “I like your eyes”
every hair on the back of my neck stood up and my blood froze, I didn’t want to look behind me but I managed
to glance over my shoulder, and what I saw standing there made me start shaking like a leaf. I’ve never seen
anything like that again, I gathered all my strength and ran towards the shack, but this thing was one step
behind me, then I tripped over a branch and fell. I managed to quickly look up and there it was, right in front
of me, what appeared to be an old woman with a disfigured and rotting face, no eyes, the legs of a goat, and
horrible bonny hands. She looked at me and said “I’ve called my sisters, they will be here soon” and that’s
when I though “this is a witch”. My great-grandfather used to tell lots of stories about witches. She started to
reach out for me and yelled, “We’ve eaten lots of children like you”. As I saw her bony hands about to grab me,
my life flashed before my eyes. I started crying when out of the stalks our dog Max jumped. He started barking
and growling at the monster. The horrible specter backed down and Max started chasing it away and I dashed
to the shack. Max came behind me. We entered the shack and everyone was still sleeping. I immediately
fainted.

The next day I woke up and told my parents about the witch but they didn’t believe me. People have tried to
convince me over the years that it was only a nightmare but I’m convinced it was real. I’m not sure if it was a
witch or a ghost but I even have some scars from that fall, this is why I read stories about goblins and witches
as I want to know if others have seen what I saw eleven years ago.
 1. The story is about a nightmare Rosa had. T F
2. Rosa’s great-grandfather was a farmer. T F
3. Her great-grandfather’s shack is in Zapotlán de Juarez. T F
4. They spent the night at the shack because their car broke down. T F
5. Rosa heard the voice of a child saying her name. T F
6. Rosa didn’t understand what the female voice whispered. T F
7. Rosa has never seen anything like what she saw that day again. T F
8. The witch said she and her sisters had eaten children like Rosa in the past. T F
9. Rosa’s parents didn’t believe her. T F

3. READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER TO THE STATEMENTS.

1. The main idea in paragraph one is:
a. Rosa’s great-grandfather was a farmer from
Zapotlán de Juarez.
b. Rosa once was scared near the shack his
great-grandfather built.
2. The meaning of the word “unintelligible” in
paragraph two probably is:
a. Impossible to understand.
b. Impossible to hear.
3. The meaning of the word “whispered” in
paragraph three probably is:
a. To say something loudly.
b. To say something softly.
4. In paragraph three the intention of the phrase
“every hair on the back of my neck stood up
and my blood froze” is:
a. To say that Rosa was incredibly surprised.
b. To say that Rosa was incredibly scared.
7. In paragraph three, the intention of the phrase
“my life flashed before my eyes” is:
a. To say that her life was about to end before
she closed her eyes.
b. To say that she saw her life in her mind very
quickly like a movie.
8. The main idea in paragraph three is:
a. Rosa has been to a place where she
encountered a supernatural creature with her
dog.
b. A supernatural creature almost killed Rosa
but her dog saved her.
9. The main idea in paragraph four is:
a. Rosa experienced something nobody
believes is real.
b. Rosa had a nightmare that was very realistic.
GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE
AND DO THE EXERCISES.

5. The word “glance” in paragraph three is

similar to:
a. Look.
b. Hear.

6. In paragraph 3 where Rosa says “I was shaking

like a leaf” she means that:
a. Her body was shaking because she was
scared.
b. Her body was shaking because she was cold.
 LESSON C CHILLING STORIES

1. TALK TO A PARTNER.

1. Have you ever seen a ghost or experienced a supernatural situation?

2. What kind of stories have you heard about?
3. Which is the creepiest story you have heard?

GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND DO THE EXERCISES.

2. LISTEN TO ROBERT’S STORY. TICK TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F).

1. Robert has lived in Pachuca since he was little. T F

2. His great-grandfather came from England. T F
3. Robert has heard great stories like “The English Town”. T F
4. Richard Bell achieved fame in England. T F
5. Richard Bell’s spirit makes himself visible to good people. T F
6. Robert’s grandfather and his friends were by themselves in the cemetery. T F
7. Robert’s great -grandfather had the key to the cemetery. T F
8. People have invented stories after the situations Robert’s great-grandpa lived. T F

3. LISTEN TO ROBERT’S STORY AGAIN AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

1. Actually, my father ______________________ us many of them too.

2. He came to Mexico ______________________ .
3. The English Clown’s soul ______________________ every night through the cemetery.
4. They unlocked the gate ______________________ and got into the graveyard.
5. Suddenly, the ground and the trees ______________________ to move.
6. Unfortunately, it locked ______________________ .
7. Since that day on, people ______________________ the cemetery.
8. ______________ you ______________________ for a great joke?
9. My great-grandpa was very brave and managed to open the gate ______________________ .
10. Where are you going? The show ______________________ .
 LESSON D MORE STORIES

1. READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT, FIND THE 8 MISTAKES AND WRITE THEM IN THE BOX.

Have you ever heard about bulletin boards?

You probably have. Well! Bulletin boards have being used in different forms throughout the time. In the past,
people used different surfaces such as cork, wood or cardboard to advertise items they want to sale; they
also posted public messages, events or any kind of information to let people know about something.
Things have definitely change. You can use online sites to post any kind of information you want. Actually,
websites provide you with many different digital tools to design them. You can make bulletin boards
yourselfs, you don’t really need any kind of help or assistance. In fact, many people around the world have
enjoyed themselves designing this kind of networking sites because it fascinates them. You don’t need to
worry about specialized programing languages, programmers have already done the hard work.

If you hasn’t had the opportunity to blow up your imagination by designing one of them online, you can
actually give yourself the chance to contribute with some interesting information to the site someone has
shared with you. They can be friends or people with similar likes as yours. Believe me, bulletin boards had
revolutionized the way we see, share and get information.

When you design an electronic bulletin board, it is recommendable to include an interesting and catchy title
for it, then add information related to the title you’ve just chosen for it. You can also include pictures or
amateur videos you have record yourself. Be ready to share the link to the online site with people you would
like to add content to. Remember to be polite even if they haven’t added relevant information or reorganized
the content the way you wanted, it is teamwork.

You’ve just gotten an insight. Now! Go to your room, turn on your computer, grab a chair to make herself
comfortable, google more information and design the best bulletin board that has ever existed.
 2. TALK TO A PARTNER.

1. What information is necessary to write bulletin boards?

2. Have you ever posted information on these web sites?
3. Why?

3. READ THE FOLLOWING BULLETIN BOARD ABOUT A LEGEND; THEN USE YOUR
IMAGINATION AND ADD INFORMATION IN THE EMPTY BOXES.

Creepy and spooky legends from hidalgo

“La Aparecida” Describing the environment

Apparently, the legend appeared in 1951.

It is said that “La Aparecida” has been a
very famous legend in the mining town
of Real del Monte.

What has happened?

A similar story
“La Aparecida” usually
shows herself on the road to
drivers traveling by
themselves.
The ones who have Interesting facts.
experienced such a creepy
Men have said that
situation claim that a woman
she normally asks the
dressed in black suddenly
drivers to take her to
turns up out of nowhere on
San Bartolo (a nearby
the road from Real del
town in Pachuca)
Monte to Pachuca.
heading the local
cemetery in that
place, but when they
look at the rearview
mirror, they realized
that the woman has
already disappeared.
LESSON E TELL ME A LEGEND

1. COMPLETE THE CONVERSATION WITH THE PAST SIMPLE OR THE PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS. THEN LISTEN AND CHECK.

Robert: Hi Rosa! How’s everything going?

Rosa: Hi Robert! Fine, what about you?
Robert: Well, I’m a little bit tired.
Rosa: Yes, you look tired. Why? What ____________ you ____________ (do) over the
weekend?
Robert: I visited Real del Monte. ____________ you ever ____________ (be) there?
Rosa: Yes, I ____________ (have). What did you do there?
Robert: I have visited it twice, but this weekend I ____________ (go) with my cousins. On
Friday we had coffee downtown and the waiter told us about the English
Cemetery. Also, he said that on Saturday’s night the guard tells legends. So,
we ____________ (decide) to go.
When we arrived to the cemetery, the guard received us. While we were
walking through the tombs he was telling us the legends.
The legend that has scared me the most is the Woman in Black. ____________
you ever ____________ (hear) it?
Rosa: No, I haven’t. Tell me.
Robert: The guard told us that there is a woman dressed in black that asks for a ride
during dark and foggy nights. She only appears to men that are driving alone.
He mentioned the experience of Don Refugio.
Rosa: What happened to Don Refugio?
Robert: Are you sure you want to hear it?
Rosa: Yes, sure.
Robert: OK. Don Refugio is one of the men that ____________ ____________ (give) a ride to
this woman. He said that he picked her up near the monument of Engineer
Clifford. He ______________ (think) the woman had an accident with her car and
he decided to give her a ride. The woman got into the car, Don Refugio
_________________(ask) her where she was going and she answered
that she was going to the English Cemetery. So, he turned and
drove that way. When they ____________ (arrive) to the cemetery, the
woman told him to wait for her, but he didn’t do it because as soon
as he_______________ (see), the woman went through the gate of the
cemetery, he drove as fast as he could to get out of that place.
Rosa: What? That must have been scary!!!
Robert: Yes. That is why I am tired; I didn’t sleep well that night nor last
night.
2. WHAT’S THE SCARIEST LEGEND YOU HAVE HEARD ABOUT? THINK ABOUT IT AND
WRITE FIVE SENTENCES.

3. GET IN TEAMS OF FOUR, TELL THE LEGEND TO YOUR CLASSMATES, YOU CAN USE
THE PREVIOUS SENTENCES AS HELP.
 UNIT 4Test

GRAMMAR /5

1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN THE BOX.

see have do tell be

1. I __________________ a UFO while I was camping in the forest.

2. Have they __________________ the project yet?
3. The story that Sandra __________________ us was scary.
4. Have you __________________ a paranormal experience?
5. Has she __________________ to Huichapan?

VOCABULARY
2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH ONE WORD FORM THE BOX. /5

legend goblin elves witch mines

1. Have you ever seen a __________________ ?

2. __________________ are little creatures that look like humans but they have pointed ears.
3. Did they hear about the __________________ that was flying on her broom?
4. A __________________ is a local story that has been told for a long time.
5. The __________________ are part of the history of Real del Monte.

READING / 10
3. READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
 From: dorisshutt@happymail.com
To: m.wormwood_sales@happyvacuumcleaners.com
Subject: Problems with product, refund needed.

Dear Mr. Michael Wormwood:

I want to inform you that I’ve been experiencing problems with the vacuum cleaner I purchased at one of
your stores three weeks ago.
The machine worked perfectly for the first four days but it began malfunctioning on day five; at first, I thou-
ght it was a problem related to the fact that the device is very sophisticated but I’ve already read the manual
more than once and I realize that actually it is the product the one that is not working as it is supposed to, I
am really frustrated because it was quite a pricy product, and it should work properly, I’ve already tried
calling the company but your customer service has been no help at all, I called for the first time last Monday
and again yesterday and today but the answer has been the same, to read the manual, I’ve already tried
everything and the vacuum cleaner keeps blowing the dust instead of sucking it, it’s been 2 weeks since this
began happening and I’ve decided I want a refund, I don’t want this product anymore.

Attached you will find a scan of my receipt as well as the warranty where you state you can refund my money
in case I’m not satisfied with the product.
I look forward to hearing from you and I hope this time you can solve this frustrating situation.

Sincerely
Mrs. Doris Shutt.

1. What kind of email is this?

2. Why is the woman sending the email?

3. What is the problem with the vacuum cleaner?

4. How long has this problem been going on?

5. When did the problem start?

6. How many times has the woman called the company’s customer service?

7. When did she call them for the first time?

8. Why does she say that the company’s customer service hasn’t helped at all?

9. What has the woman decided?

10. Why did she attach a copy of the product’s warranty?

 LISTENING / 10

4. LISTEN TO A LECTURE ABOUT PARANORMAL ACTIVITY AND ANSWER THE

QUESTIONS.

1. Dr. Henristain wants to:

a) Invite his students to visit a haunted house.
b) Show his students that the human brain is complex.
c) Convince his students that ghosts do not exist.

2. What has intrigued humankind for years?

a) The existence of supernatural beings.
b) The human brain.
c) Neuro-Linguistic Programming

3. The expression “What your mind focuses on, materializes” is close in meaning to.
a) What you think of becomes real.
b) What you think is true.
c) What you think affects your beliefs.

4. Dr. Henristain seems:

a) Angry.
b) Excited.
c) Disappointed.

5. Which of the following is not mentioned?

a) Believing in paranormal activity has influenced the way we live.
b) Believing in paranormal activity has confused our lives.
c) Believing in paranormal activity has given us an identity.

6. This lecture was probably given in:

a) A paranormal class.
b) History class.
c) Psychology class.

7. What does Dr. Henristain want to do when he mentions “look into your memory for information related
to a time you really wanted to eat a double meat hamburger with extra tomatoes, onions and ketchup”?
a) Emphasize the power or good and evil.
b) Explain why we can’t see ghosts.
c) Exemplify how our mind works.

8. What have the students heard about paranormal activity during the lecture?
a) It isn’t a new trend.
b) It has been part of human evolution.
c) It has affected current technology.
9. When Dr. Henristain mentions that he has visited different countries, he probably means:
a) He has eluded other places.
b) He hasn't lived overseas.
c) He has lived abroad.

10. What did Dr. Henristain decide to do at the end of the lecture?
a) Motivate students to do more research on the supernatural.
b) Encourage students to look for more information.
c) Pretend he probably saw a soul to scare them.

WRITING / 10
5. HAVE YOU EVER EXPERIENCED A PARANORMAL SITUATION? OR HAVE YOU HEARD
ABOUT ONE? WRITE A DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH ABOUT IT (USE BETWEEN 80 AND 100
WORDS). HELP YOURSELF WITH THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

• Who experienced it?

• Where did it happen?
• When did it happen?
• Is it related to a legend?

SPEAKING / 10
6. THINK OF SOMETHING THAT YOU BOUGHT AND DIDN’T WORK PROPERLY, USE THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS TO THINK OF IDEAS, THEN SHARE THE STORY WITH A PARTNER.
• What was it?
• What happened to it?
• How long did the object malfunction?
• What did you do about it?

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 5 Discovering
Hidalgo

LESSON A WHO OR HOW?

1. GET IN PAIRS. DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. Do you know what an adjective is?

2. Do you know what an adverb is?

2. LOOK FOR THE WORDS “ADJECTIVE” AND “ADVERB” IN A DICTIONARY AND WRITE
DOWN THE DEFINITION AND THREE EXAMPLES OF EACH ONE.

Adjective: Adverb:

GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND DO THE EXERCISES.

3. LOOK AT THE WORDS IN THE BOX AND WRITE THEM IN THE CORRECT COLUMN.

vast intensely picturesque far beautifully

anxiously truly hot smartly dry

Adjectives: Adverbs:

4. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS FROM THE BOX.

fun slowly quickly tasty accidentally

huge colorful happily cool carefully

1. The weather in Pachuca is __________________ most of the time.

2. Raul, after finishing his exam, left the classroom __________________ .
3. The students were working with the toxic materials __________________ .
4. The lake where you can fish trout is __________________ .
5. The zacahuil looks so __________________ , I want to try it.
6. The kids broke the window __________________ .
7. Your paintings are __________________ , I love the blue and pink together.
8. We have to finish the project by tomorrow, so we have to work
__________________ .
9. I like that video game, it is __________________ .
10. The time passes __________________ when you don’t like what you are
doing.
 LESSON B WHICH ONE IS BETTER?

1. THINK ABOUT TWO PLACES YOU HAVE BEEN TO. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS.

1. Which one do you like more?

2. Why?

2. READ THIS BLOG POST.

Las Grutas de Tolantongo or Los Prismas Basálticos?

A lot of you have asked me which place is better Las Grutas de Tolantongo or Los Prismas
Basálticos. I’ve already visited both places and I think that the two of them are wonderful;
each one has its special and magical atmosphere.

Las Grutas de Tolantongo is 117 km away from Pachuca and Los Prismas is 30 km away from
it so, talking about distance, Las Grutas is farther from Pachuca than Los Prismas. I’ve heard
that the way to Las Grutas is more picturesque than to Los Prismas; I can’t truly confirm this
because every time I have gone to Las Grutas I slept while someone else was driving.

The weather in Los Prismas is cooler than in Las Grutas, despite this, the day that I went to
Los Prismas, I felt the nature more intensely than in Las Grutas. It was probably because
there weren’t a lot of people. The attractions in both places are fantastic. In Los Prismas you
could see an amazing waterfall and you can walk through the place. On the other hand, Las
Grutas have also hot spring waters and caves. You could have and incredible time.

In my opinion, Las Grutas is more fun than Los Prismas. But what I recommend is that you
visit both places and make your own conclusion. Just take into account that you should be
more careful in Las Grutas because it is a huger place with a lot of people, and drive more
slowly because the road could be dangerous.
 3. ACCORDING TO THE POST, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. What is the author doing with both places?

2. Why does the author say that Las Grutas de Tolantongo is farther than Los Prismas Basálticos?

3. What’s the weather like in Los Prismas Basálticos compared with the weather of Las Grutas de Tolantongo?

4. What are the recommendations of the author at the end of the post?

5. Which types of words are used to compare both places??

GO TO GRAMMAR REFERENCE.

4. IDENTIFY WHICH WORDS ARE USED TO COMPARE BOTH PLACES IN THE POST AND
WRITE THEM DOWN IN THE CHART.

Adverb:

Adjective:
 LESSON C THE BEST OF THE BEST

1. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AND DECIDE IF THE STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR

FALSE.

1. Aiko’s mom likes the pictures of Hidalgo which Aiko has recently posted. T F
2. Aiko has seen many places that are more beautiful than Hidalgo. T F
3. Aiko believes El Chico is a vast national park. T F
4. Aiko has been to other magical places like El Chico. T F
5. Aiko got dizzy on the way to El Chico because of the road. T F
6. There are colder places than El Chico in Hidalgo, according to Aiko. T F
7. Aiko prefers the barbacoa people sell in Actopan. T F
8. The embroidery works that the artisans make in Tenango are very complex. T F
9. There are more expensive handcrafts than Tenangos in Hidalgo, according to Aiko. T F
10. Aiko’s mom believes Tenangos are not very attractive. T F

2. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AGAIN AND COMPLETE THE STATEMENTS.

1. Hidalgo is __________________ the most beautiful __________________ __________________ !

2. It has __________________ the vastest _______________ ____________________.
3. It’s the most magical __________________ ____________________ so far!
4. Mario drove and he __________________ the fastest.
5. It is the coldest __________________ ____________________ in my opinion.
6. The tastiest __________________ in Hidalgo is in a place called Actopan!
7. Under the ground?! That’s the craziest __________________ __________________ !
8. Believe me, it is the best __________________ _____________________!
9. Artisans there, make the most intricate __________________ works __________________ !
10. They are also __________________ the most expensive __________________ ___________________.
 3. IDENTIFY WHICH WORDS ARE USED TO COMPARE BOTH PLACES IN THE POST AND
WRITE THEM DOWN IN THE CHART.

Which one do you like more?

Why?

1. She is the most beautiful a. experience I’ve ever lived.

2. That is the vastest b. soda you find in the fridge.
3. That was the most magical c. story I’ve ever heard.
4. They are the most fun d. food in the state.
5. Give me the coldest e. design I’ve created so far.
6. They make the tastiest f. woman in the world.
7. That is the craziest g. blouse in the store.
8. That’s the best h. desert in the African continent.
9. This is the most intricate i. movie in the world.
10. It is the most expensive j. comedians in Hollywood.

4. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE IN

PARENTHESES AND ONE OF THE PHRASES FROM THE BOX.

I’ve ever had I’ve ever watched In the solar system I’ve ever met In Mexico

In the world In the classroom In the universe In the history of aviation

You can eat In the state

1. Mercury is not ____________________ (hot) planet ____________________.

2. The Amazon river is ____________________ (long) river ____________________
3. Rosa and Angela are ____________________ (smart) students _________________.
4. I believe that sugar is ____________________ (unhealthy) thing ________________.
5. Real del Monte is one of ____________________ (high) points __________________.
6. Titanic is ____________________ (sad) movie ____________________.
7. The lagoon in Meztitlán, is one of the ____________________(breathtaking) sights ____________________.
8. That job was ____________________ (bad) job ____________________.
9. The Concorde had ____________________ (loud) engines ____________________.
10. Gina is ____________________ (old-fashioned) girl ____________________.
 LESSON D NOT AS DIFFICULT

1. TALK TO A PARTNER.

1. When was the last time you went on vacations?

2. What place did you go to?
3. What are similarities and differences between there and where you live?

2. READ THE FOLLOWING EMAILS. THEN ANSWER TRUE OR FALSE.

FROM: johnny@quickmail.com

TO: gary99@happymail.com

Hi Gary,
I hope you are ok. Guess what? I’ve just had the most fantastic vacation ever; I went camping to El Chico in
Hidalgo. Maybe you have never heard of it, but it is a picturesque town in Mexico; it is actually said that
many years ago English miners settled down here to work in the mines; on the other hand, its architecture is
as interesting as the rest of the places in “La Comarca Minera Hidalguense”.
Let me tell you that my last vacations weren’t as colorful as these ones; actually, my family and I visited the
Sahara Desert last year, and it isn’t as green as El Chico. To tell you the truth, some parts of the Sahara
Desert are as dry as Arizona and Chihuahua. I think Parque Nacional El Chico is as vast as the forests in
Pennsylvania.
Any way Gary! I am also emailing you to ask for help because I have no idea how to write my essay, it isn’t as
easy as it looks like. Mrs. Peterson is as demanding as my mother. Can you believe it?
I am extremely worried, it is due this coming Friday, and I’ve just unpacked my luggage; it isn’t as fair as it
should be. Please help me, I have to write one or two pages about my trip to El Chico, I know you are as
smart as Einstein was.
Please, please!
Cheers,
Johnny
 1. Real del Monte’s architecture is as interesting as El Chico’s. T F
2. Johnny’s vacations weren’t as incredible as the last ones. T F
3. The place Johnny visited last year is as picturesque as El Chico. T F
4. Pennsylvania’s green areas aren’t as huge as the ones in Hidalgo. T F
5. Gary is as clever as a famous scientist from the past. T F
6. Johnny’s teacher isn’t as careless as his mom. T F
7. Johnny believes assignments weren’t as difficult as the current ones. T F
8. El Chico isn’t as dusty as the Sahara Desert. T F

3. NOW READ GARY’S ANSWER AND HELP JOHNNY WRITE HIS MICRO ESSAY.

FROM: gary99@happymail.com

TO: johnny@quickmail.com

Hi Johnny,
It is nice to hear from you. I hope you are as ready as I am.
I wish! I am not as smart as Einstein was. It is something easy to do, you can get some information on the
web, but two pages is not totally an essay; Let’s say it is a micro essay.
Well, you just need to include three main elements:
-Introduction, which must catch the reader’s attention or at least make the essay sound interesting, moving
from general to specific ideas.
-Body, it includes supporting paragraphs that are in chronological order, substantial examples and evidence
to back up all of the information you include.
-Conclusions, to wrap all your arguments and points of view.
Relax! It isn’t as difficult as you thought.
Sincerely,
Gary.
 Introduction:

Body:

Conclusions:

LESSON E THE MOST DELICIOUS DISH

1. TALK TO A PARTNER.

1. What’s the most beautiful place you have ever visited in Hidalgo?
2. What’s more delicious, pastes or barbacoa, in your opinion?
3. What other place in Hidalgo is as beautiful as El Chico or Real del Monte?

2. LISTEN TO A TOURIST AND THEN DISCUSS

YOUR OPINION WITH YOUR PARTNERS.

1. What dishes does the man mention?

2. What are the most delicious for him?
3. In your opinion. Which dishes are as tasty as barbacoa?
4. Do you agree with the man’s point of view?
5. Why? Why not?
 3. WORK IN PAIRS. THINK ABOUT ANOTHER WONDERFUL PLACE IN HIDALGO YOU
HAVE VISITED, COMPARE THEM.

A: I have been to Huasca many times and it’s beautiful

B: Well, I’ve visited Huasca too and its nice but Tula is nicer because…

4. BASED ON THE INFORMATION YOU SHARED WITH YOUR CLASSMATES IN ACTIVITY

3 CREATE A MICRO PODCAST:

1. Write the script.

2. Rehearse it before you record, make sure you use good grammar and fluency.
3. Use your phone or any other electronic device to record the micro podcast. (3 minutes)
4. Share it with your teacher.
 UNIT 5 Test

GRAMMAR /5

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

1. Last week was __________ this one.

a) cooler than b) the coolest c) cooler
2. El Chico is ________________ forest where I have been.
a) bigger than b) biggest c) the biggest
3. Aiko and Rosa danced ______________ at their gala.
a) beautiful b) beautifully c) the most beautifully
4. Love feels _______________ any other feeling.
a) the most intensely b) more intensely tha c) more intensely
5. Huichapan is _______________ from Pachuca than Ixmiquilpan.
a) farther b) farthest c) far

VOCABULARY /5

2. CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD TO COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.

1. When I visit Huasca, I like to walk _________ to appreciate the architecture.

a) incredibly b) slowly c) quickly
2. They play ____________ in the garden because last time Sam got hurt.
a) careful b) carefully c) fast
3. Aiko and Rosa danced ______________ at their gala.
a) beautiful b) beautifully c) the most beautifully
4. Huichapan is a ____________ town, I love it.
a) picturesque b) beautifully c) happily
5. My English teacher speaks __________, I can’t understand him.
/ 10
a) quick b) slowly c) quickly
 READING / 10
3. READ THE TEXT AND DECIDE IF THE STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR FALSE.

Located in Metztitlan next to the lagoon at the bottom of the ravine, the
Moon Inn is the most beautiful hotel you can find in the area, rated with more
stars than all the other lodging options.

One of the things that makes the Moon Inn better than the others is that it has
access to it’s own reservoir where you can safely practice birdwatching and
fishing, the water in the reservoir is cleaner than the running water from the
faucet at home, you can even drink it! At night you can have dinner at the
open-air restaurant that has the most extraordinary view of the lagoon
where, during full moon nights, you can see moonlight beams beautifully
bouncing from the water and producing the most dazzling light show, in fact,
during these days of the year, the place tends to be fully booked because
couples decide to get married at night under the moonlight, for this purpose,
the Moon Inn offers the most sophisticated catering service and they also
hire the best decorators in the state, they elegantly adorn the open air restau-
rant with some of the most delightful flowers in the region.

It is during October when most weddings take place, this is because people
say that October moons are prettier than any other times of the year.

Additionally the rooms are more comfortable than those of other hotels in
Metztitlan, visitors have reported that the bathrooms are cleaner and that the
beds are newer, therefore your experience at the Moon Inn will be the best,
we highly recommend you visit them, you don’t even need to stay, you can
just visit them and practice horseback riding or birdwatching, if you don’t
know what to do next weekend, this might be one of the best options out
there.

1. The text can be part of a magazine about tourism. T F

2. The Moon Inn is the number one hotel in the Metztitlan. T F
3. People give negative reviews to the hotel because of the reservoir. T F
4. The reservoir has no owners. T F
5. People enjoy the hotel specially during spring.- T F
6. You can see the moonlight reflecting on the lagoon every day. T F
7. More couples decide to get married at the hotel when there is a full moon. T F
8. The hotel’s services for weddings are questionable. T F
9. The guests hate the clean rooms and gardens. T F
10. People who are not guests do not have access to the facilities. T F
 LISTENING / 10
4. LISTEN TO A COLLEGE STUDENT INTRODUCING HERSELF DURING THE FIRST DAY OF
CLASSES; THEN, FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE MISSING INFORMATION.

Hi guys, I am Aiko and my favorite hobby is traveling. You won’t really believe me, but
(1)_____________________ the most fantastic vacation ever.
I went to Hidalgo; (2) _____________________ , it is the most beautiful place
(3)_____________________ in my whole life. It isn´t as crowded as Mexico City, but it has more attractive
places to visit and have fun.
People there are (4) _____________________ kind. I can’t wait to go back and be as happy as I was when I
rode horses in El Chico. Well! There were more attractions, but they weren’t (5) _____________________
riding a horse, at least for me. Let me tell you that I also tried different dishes there, and they are
more colorful than American ones because the Mexican cuisine contains many different natural
ingredients, especially chili.
Oh, I almost forgot about my trip to Tula. I stayed there for a couple of days, it isn´t
(6)_____________________ El Chico, but it has very fascinating places like Zona Arqueologica de Tula
which was (7) _____________________ city of Hidalgo; of course, during prehispanic times. Now, you can
only enjoy the breathtaking “Atlantes”, which I think are as amazing as the carved columns in Egypt.
And oh my God! I tried different dishes with insects. At the beginning I didn’t find them attractive,
but when a lady wearing typical clothes approached me and gave me some toasted grasshoppers, I
put them in my mouth and their flavor and crunchiness trapped me. I couldn’t believe it! Oh my God.
They were (8) _____________________ anchovies. I think this is (9) _____________________ I’ve ever tried.
I still feel (10) _____________________ happy. I just want to go back, try new dishes and of course have fun.

WRITING / 10

5. THINK ABOUT YOUR PREVIOUS SCHOOL COURSE, HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FROM THIS
ONE? WRITE ABOUT IT, USE COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES (80-100 WORDS).
 SPEAKING / 10
6. CLOSE YOUR EYES FOR A MOMENT AND THINK ABOUT YOUR TWO FAVORITE PLACES
FOR VACATIONS.

• Picture in your mind all the details of each place.

• Think about the people, the food, the buildings, your experience and everything that made your vacations
memorable.

NOW, EXPLAIN THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AS WELL AS THE MOST OUTSTAN-
DING THINGS OF EACH PLACE.

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 6 Let’s Go
Camping!

LESSON A SCHOOL SUPPLIES

1. DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. What do you know about camping?

2. Have you ever gone camping?
3. What places do you know for camping in Hidalgo?

2. USE THE CORRECT WORD FROM THE BOX TO COMPLETE THE STATEMENTS.

tent sleeping bag penknife thermos bottle compass

backpack hiking boots flashlight matches ax

1. Campers always use it when they go outdoors to prevent wind, blizzards, and
rain ______________________ .
2. This is a tool for campsites, people can use it for different activities such as
opening cans, cut ropes, etc. ______________________ .
3. It is used for covering a person, especially at night ______________________ .
4. These are made of small wooden sticks and can be a tool for starting a fire.
______________________ .
5. It is an extremely good tool for cutting wood. ______________________
6. _____________________ is a portable shelter with canvas structures and metal poles.
7. ______________________ helps you to find the north, south, west and east.
8. ______________________ preserves temperature of hot or cold drinks.
9. This tool is essential and it provides light at the darkness for hiking at night.
10. I love my_________________________, I can put all the necessary things for traveling.
 3. USE THE VOCABULARY FROM EXERCISE 2 TO FILL THE GAPS, THEN ACT OUT THE
CONVERSATION WITH A FRIEND.

Xóchitl: Hi, Pedro. Are you ready to go to the Cedral?

Pedro: I am almost done, now I’m looking for the _____________________ , remember the last time we couldn’t
start the fire.
Xóchitl: You’re right, let me get my checklist. The most important thing for camping is the _____________________
, we need a top-quality one for covering from the weather.
Pedro: I have already gotten two of them, but I can’t find the _____________________ , I guess that we have to
sleep on the groundsheets. That's the only choice!
Xóchitl: Are you crazy? well, as far as you bring plenty of food I’ll be ok. By the way I have _____________________ .
I won't forget that Jesus didn't get a wink because he was afraid of the dark.
Pedro: Hahaha! Unforgettable, that's why I keep a _____________________ , just in case we are in danger, but you
have to keep your mouth zipped, we don’t want to scare anyone. _____________________ .
Xóchitl: Another useful tool for camping is _____________________ . Do you remember what happened to Jesus last
camping?
Pedro: Mmmm, no. Spill the beans!
Xóchitl: Well, He offered to pick up some logs for the campfire, and he just went by without noticing he lost
the path. We were looking for him, fortunately, he was found eating the traditional pastes with his
_____________________ full of coffee.

4. READ THE DESCRIPTION ABOUT ANA’S FAVORITE CAMPING PLACE.

I have never been camping before, it was a really pleasant experience. A few weeks ago my friends and
I took a camping adventure to Acaxochitlán, in Hidalgo, which is located near Mexico City, we drove to
Tulancingo and then took the Huachinango highway. Once we were there, we had the chance to stand
the camping tents and took a glance to know all the activities we could do there. Miguel found a stream
where there were a lot of fish. Maria found a place where people could pick up some blueberries and
strawberries at a low cost. Local people at this place sold their handmade products such as jewelry,
leather bags, wool hats, and jackets. You could also find a place where you can take showers with hot
water, due to the cold and windy weather.
 5. WRITE A SHORT PARAGRAPH ABOUT A CAMPING SITE IN HIDALGO. (100 - 120
WORDS)

1. What is the nearest campsite to

your hometown called?
2. What is the weather like there?
3. What are the different outdoor
activities?
4. What Kind of food, can you buy or
cook there?

RV camping

Backpack camping

LESSON B HIKING

1. READ AND COMMENT.

1. Are you able to walk long distances?

2. What do you think about hiking?
Do you like it? Why?
 2. LISTEN TO ALFONSO’S STORY AND COMPLETE THE GAPS.

Hidalgo,
u n d e v e ry town in
id a ro
_____ as a k ecause I
e fo r __ ____________ c o m p la in ing a lot b
ok m er
“My dad to ! I rememb just wante
d to play
e I d e s p ised them I p ro b a b ly
tim d
and at the y father, an at they we
re good
__ _ w a lk a s fast as m __ __ __ __ __ _ th
____ ht, I ________ of my life
____________ . In hindsig ecome part
a t h o m e fo r it to b
es ed the way
video gam ps that pav
n d p e rh a
sa
experience
e
now. e the sens
__ __ __ __ __ _______ I lov
e to hike, __ solitude,
y re a s o n s why I lov tu re . It ’s n ice to have
n
There are
ma alone in na _ be alone
u g e t w h en you are fe , I __ __ __ ____________
y o li
of freedom part of my ings and
v e ta k e n hiking as a __ __ _ a n d reflect on th
Ih a __ __
and since to __________ lthy for the
g h ts a n d have time s . I th in k it 's very hea
u e
deep in tho ferent plac 's good for
__ __ __ __ _ a dapt to dif o is e . A d d itionally, it
__ n ur
also ________ siness and ood for yo
e th a t b re ak from bu __ __ __ __ __ _______ is g
v __
mind to ha hout sayin
g that the
It g o e s w it
your body. d for your
lungs."
e a ir is g o o
legs and th

3. STUDY THE INFORMATION IN THE CHART AND THEN MATCH THE STATEMENTS TO
WHAT THEY EXPRESS.

Can Could Be able to

Present/Future Past ability

You can use “be able to” to talk

Use can to talk about things you Use could when you express
about abilities. Be should be
are able to do perfectly. abilities in the past.
changed according to the tense.

I could use a computer when I I won’t be able to do hiking when I

I can speak four languages.
was little. get old.

a. I couldn’t walk as fast as my father.

b. I can adapt myself to different places
1. Expresses ability in present and future.
c. I am able to be alone deep in thoughts.
2. Expresses ability in the past.
d. I can read and write Chinese.
3. Expresses ability in the present.
e. I am able to finish this course with good grades
f. I could play base baseball.

GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND DO THE EXERCISES.

4. FILL THE GAPS BY USING CAN, COULD OR BE ABLE TO AND THE WORDS FROM THE
BOX.

walk reduce think go improve relieve enjoy drink

1. When I was younger, my father ________ ________ long distances.

2. You ________ ________ stress or anxiety when you go hiking.
3. My sister ________ ________ her health by hiking.
4. Martin won't ________ ________ hiking in tough weather conditions
5. You ________ ________ clearly after taking a long walk.
6. People who go hiking ________ ________ insomnia.
7. I ________ ________ time at parties due to stress, but now after hiking I feel much better.

5. READ THIS ARTICLE ABOUT THE BENEFITS OF HIKING. DO NOT PAY ATTENTION TO
THE GAPS.

There's a truckload of research out there telling us that hiking is

good for us. You can / will be able to____________________ be the
master of exercising, there's nothing like a brisk climb to get your
heart rate up. Check out this information.
Physically, the benefits are numerous. You could /
can__________________ reduce risk of heart disease, lower blood
pressure, cholesterol and help to prevent type II diabetes.

Hiking makes you strong. And it doesn't just work your legs. I bet
that before hiking you couldn’t /
can’t_____________________clambering over uneven surfaces and
navigating your way around rocks. After practicing hiking for a
few weeks you will be able to / can’t__________________ walk even in
fallen trees or tree roots!
When you find yourself caught up in the race, going for a hike is a
chance to reflect. The time you have during hiking lets you
concentrate on the positive things that happen to you, as well as
you can / could__________________recharge and reconnect with
yourself.

Hiking alone can be a spiritual experience, but hiking with friends

is able to / can__________________ bring you closer together and
create lasting memories.

6. READ THE ARTICLE AGAIN. FOR EACH GAP, CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION.
LESSON C RIDING A HOT AIR BALLOON

1. READ THE PASSAGE BELOW AND DECIDE IF EACH STATEMENT IS TRUE (T) OR FALSE
(F)

Fly like Superman!

Have you ever imagined how it feels when fresh air is in your face? Or to see the beauty of nature from
the top? You can do it in a hot air balloon ride.

Hot air ballooning is the activity of flying in a basket hanging over a hot air balloon. Attractive aspects
of ballooning include the exceptional quiet, the lack of a feeling of movement, and the bird's-eye view.
Since the balloon moves with the direction of the winds, the passengers feel absolutely no wind, except
for brief periods during the flight when the balloon climbs or descends into air currents of different
directions or speeds. Hot air ballooning has been recognized by the World Aeronautical Federation
(WAF) as the safest air sport in aviation, and fatalities in hot air balloon accidents are rare, according to
statistics from the National Transportation Safety. Nevertheless, you must follow some rules such as:

1. You have to respect the limit of passengers allowed in the ride. Acatlán has drawn new attention to
the hazards of ballooning. Four years ago, 11 people were injured and 2 were killed when their hot air
balloon basket struck in line and caught fire. Unfortunately, balloon accidents are as rare as people
might think.
2. The pilot must check the weather and select a suitable take-off point. The current and forecast
weather must have sufficient visibility for the pilot to see and avoid obstructions, and sufficiently slow
winds to allow take-off and landing.
3. Children aged under twelve have to be accompanied by their parents all the tour.
4. You mustn't take a ride if you’re in pregnancy due to medical conditions. Pilots must not carry
passengers who have participated in scuba dive the day before.

There are many regular gatherings of balloons and balloonists in Hidalgo around the year. Some of
those famous places are Huasca de Ocampo, Tulancingo, Acatlán, Actopan, etc. Most of these events
are held on an annual basis. The festivities provide both a place for balloonists to interact as well as a
venue for entertaining spectators. You must try this activity at least once in a lifetime.

T F
1. You can feel motion sickness when you are up in the air.
2. Nowadays, there are fewer hot air balloon accidents.
3. In the accident referred by the text, only two people were injured.
4. Balloon flights are successful during blazing weather.
5. There is no age limit for anybody.
6. Whole city view and wine service are things that you can have during the ride.
7. Pregnant women are not allowed to take the trip.
8. This activity is common mostly at the southern part of Hidalgo.
2. LOOK AT THE PHOTOGRAPHS AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW. USE THE
WORDS AND PHRASES IN THE BOXES TO ANSWER.

1. What do people find appealing about these types of outdoor activities in Hidalgo?

2. Which outdoor activity in Hidalgo would you prefer to go on?

3. Why?

Exhilarating All-inclusive Adrenaline- feel

Challenging Tranquil Low-cost

Popular getaway Beautiful scenery Breathtaking

3. THE AMAZING HIDALGO MAGAZINE ASKED PEOPLE TO WRITE ARTICLES ABOUT
THEIR FAVORITE PLACE TO RELAX. YOU WANT TO SEND AN ARTICLE. IT MUST
RESPOND THE QUESTIONS BELOW.

THE AMAZING
HIDALGO
magazine
• Where’s your favorite place to relax?
• When do you go there?
• What’s so special about it?
• What do you do there?

You have to use vivid language to make your article interesting (140 – 190 words)
 LESSON D TIME TO BE FEARLESS!

1. YOU WILL HEAR A ROCK CLIMBER COACH CALLED PEDRO HERNANDEZ, FROM
PEÑAS CARGADAS HERE IN HIDALGO. LISTEN AND COMPLETE THE IDEAS.

1. Pedro Hernández says that __________________ is essential if you want to live

long and prosper.
2. Pedro Hernández mentioned that climbing safety is your
__________________ .
3. Pedro Hernández explains each kind of rock has its own __________________
of climbing.
4. For Pedro Hernández, knowing how to __________________ is one of the
most important techniques.
5. Pedro Hernández mentioned the climbing legend Alex Lowe because
he is the __________________ .
6. According to Alex, "The best climber is the one having __________________
fun”.
7. Pedro Hernández says it’s about the enjoyment of the __________________ ,
adventure, and partnership.
8. Pedro Hernández mentioned some types of rocks such as granite,
sandstone, limestone, __________________ among others.

2. USE HAVE TO AND MUST TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BELOW.

1. You ____________ learn the basic rope skills.

2. Glasses ____________ be used before star climbing.
3. You ____________ wear casual and comfortable clothes.
4. Participants ____________ be in good health.
5. You ____________ make sure your climbing rope is long enough to
reach the anchors and lower back down.
6. You ____________ take the leader off belay.
7. You ____________ make sure that the rope is over your leg rather than
between them.
8. You ____________ bring extra equipment, you don’t know when it will
be needed.

GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND DO THE EXERCISES.

 3. READ THE TEXT ABOUT AN ACCIDENT IN ROCK CLIMBING. THEN ANSWER THE
QUESTIONS BELOW.

"I might have been dead already," Alex Leon, a 31-year-old Mexican climber wrote on April 1st in a blog post
titled “Stepping Back From the Edge” in which he describes the accident that changed his life and took away his
adventure partner Tiny Ferreira. Everything happened due to breaking the rules and not following the laws. The
accident happened on March 23rd. He and his one and only went on rock climbing by taking all the necessary
tools, but once there she decided to level up and do it without a helmet and also without checking the weather,
which is something you have to do before climbing in order not to get tricked by the rocks.

Everything went great until suddenly Tiny slipped over, Alex tried to keep the balance but the
rock fell apart from the mountain (due to the previous night tough weather conditions)
making both of them fall. Fortunately, he was able to get trapped on the rope, his friend
hit her head, making her unable to catch the rope and passed away immediately.
Through this terrible experience, he has learned that he must follow the rules as
simple as they can be. He finished his blog article with these words "Despite your
long experience in rock climbing, you mustn't go climbing without a helmet. That
can make a difference between life or death".

1. What happened to Alex Leon?

2. According to the text who was Alex’s “one and only”?

3. Why is it important to check the forecast before going climbing?

4. Which aspect could prevent Tiny’s tragedy?

5. Mention two things that people have to follow to avoid this kind of accident.

4. WRITE A SHORT PARAGRAPH (100-120 WORDS) ABOUT ROCK CLIMBING IN

HIDALGO:

Where can practice it? • What clothes to wear? • What must and what do you have to do while climbing?
LESSON E I LOVE WATER!

1. MATCH THE COLUMNS. THEN, LISTEN AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS.

1. A rotatory device attached to a fishing rod at the butt, for

winding up or letting out the line.

2. A life preserver in the shape of a ring

3. They are small, tube-shaped invertebrate with no arms or legs

4. A device, made of fabric or rope stitched together, used to a. Hook

catch things b. Life jacket
c. Fishing rod

5. A piece of metal or other material, curved or bent back at an d. Worms

angle, for catching hold of or hanging things on. e. Tackle box
f. Lure

6. A sleeveless buoyant or inflatable jacket for keeping a person g. Net

afloat in water. h. Reel
i. Lifebuoy ring

7. A box designed for fishing equipment

8. It is used to bait or entice fish to attach themselves to your

hook

9. A long pole made of wood, plastic, etc. with a line attached to

it and a hook at the end of the line, used for catching fish
 2. LISTEN TO THE AD AND COMPLETE THE TEXT.

Places for going fishing in Hidalgo

There is a small town called El Arenal, near Actopan, Hidalgo where you can find a dam with clear water
that just falls down from Fray Francisco _____________________ . You will be able to appreciate
_____________________ and a wonderful _____________________ from Parque Nacional El Chico. But if you are
looking for a warmer place, you should visit Agua Blanca _____________________ in Agua Blanca de Iturbide,
Hidalgo, which has a _____________________ weather. It’s also the favorite for fishing experts and you can find
bass, trout and carp fish

The ideal place for recreational _____________________ is El Zembo, a _____________________ located in the
Magical Town of Huasca de Ocampo. The water it supplies is crystal and _____________________ from the
mountains. It is one of the few places where you can enjoy a ______________________________ during the day
and enjoy a cozy atmosphere and getting close contact with nature.

_____________________ El Cedral recreational park you can enjoy the spectacular El Cedral dam, in Mineral
del Chico, Hidalgo. It is considered one of the _____________________ parks in Mexico, visited by tourists and
_____________________ for the impressive forest with _____________________ , pines and oyamels. You ought to
spend all the weekend because currently, it offers plenty of activities, such as hiking, mountain cycling,
camping, _____________________ , and the principal attraction, fishing.

Do not wait any more and look for a new hobby such as fishing

3. READ THE TEXT IN EXERCISE 1 AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. What is fishers’ favorite place?

2. What's the weather like there?
3. What kind of fish can you find there?
4. Where is El Zembo, and why is it important?
5. Which park is considered the oldest one?
6. What kind of activities are offered there?
7. Do you consider fishing exciting? Why?
8. Do you know a place where you can go fishing? what is it called?
4. COMPLETE THE ADVICE STATEMENTS ABOUT FISHING. LOOK AT THE GRAMMAR
REFERENCE IF NECESSARY.

1. A spinning reel and rod combo _____________________ be the best bet for a
beginner. They are easier to set up.

2. You _____________________ buy live worms or Power Bait which is a scented

putty-like material that you form around a bare hook.

3. You _____________________ need some bobbers, when something hits your

lure, it indicates you have a fish on.

4. Your fishing needs _____________________ continue to expand as you gain

more experience.

5. A book of common fishing knots _____________________ a good resource to

have on hand.

6. You _____________________ know the most important knot in fishing which is

the improved clinch knot. Once you’ve nailed it. You are ready to go
fishing!

7. In lakes, fish usually hang out around weeds, so you _____________________

know how to "read waters" to find hiding fish.

8. While it can be intimidating at first, fishing _____________________ be one of

the simple’s outdoor hobbies to pick up in Hidalgo
5. WORK IN PAIRS TO MAKE A CONVERSATION:

• Student A wants to start practicing an outdoor activity, but she/he does not know-how.
• Student B gives him/ her advice about it. Use should, shouldn’t and ought to.
 UNIT 6Test

GRAMMAR /5

1. READ THE SENTENCE AND COMPLETE WITH THE CORRECT MODAL VERB.

1. You __________ wear that footwear if you work here- it’s against the rules!
2. Jackie _________ perform different things in the talent show.
3. Leonardo looks tired. He ____________ work so hard!
4. Help! Help! I __________ swim!
5. Sandra ___________ go to Peñas Cargadas next weekend. She is on holiday and she loves camping.

VOCABULARY /5

2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS BELOW.

backpack tent ax compass matches sleeping bag flashlight

1. There was no light at the back of the house, so I had a ____________ to check everything was OK.
2. My colleague for camping got a new _________ yesterday for chopping woods.
3. He always carries a ____________ when he walks in the woods, so he never gets lost.
4. A good ___________ is an essential thing to carry your camping stuff.
5. When I came to Mexico City, I gave away my ____________ as a shelter for homeless people.
 READING / 10
3. READ AND ANSWER THE STATEMENTS WITH TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F).

Hot springs in Santa Maria Amajac.

In a small town called Atotonilco El Grande in Hidalgo State, there is a place called Santa Maria Amajac. It is well
known for its hot springs. It is open 365 days a year, more than a million gallons of water flow in and out every
day. People visit this hot spring park to get some relaxation and as well as to have fun.

The place has many services. You will be able to do camping since there is a specific area for it; the cost is not
really as expensive as it is thought. If you are a passionate swimmer, the five swimming pools, four pool decks,
and three toboggans are ideal for you!

Everything is surrounded by hot springs. There is also a zip line over the lap pool. In addition to the pools, the
park has its fabulous SPA, restaurant, cafeteria. It has 225 hotel rooms available if you want to have a long week
stay, the only problem, is that reservations by telephone are not available, they only take in-person reservations.
If you love shopping, a shopping area with arts and crafts from Hidalgo can be found, but it is not all, the park
has a convention center and a place for 300 people too.

The place states certain rules for all the security and preservation of the park, you know the “No swimming for
30 minutes after eating” rule, and for SANTA MARIA AMAJAC, the rules are quite similar. However, you must be
careful, because of the hot springs you can feel dizzy, so if you eat a big meal then go to the hot springs, maybe
you could feel sick afterward. Just keep in mind when you decide to go.

1. Santa Maria Amajac is a small city. ____________

2. Santa Maria Amajac is well known for its hot spring waters. ____________
3. This place doesn’t have many services because it is a small town. ____________
4. Reservations for one of the 225 rooms can be made by telephone. ____________
5. It is open 365 days a year. ____________

4. READ AGAIN AND CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER A, B OR C.

6. Where is Santa Maria Amajac?

a. In Zimapán b. In Atotonilco El Grande c. Mineral del chico
7. Why do people visit Santa Maria Amajac?
a. To be Relax and have fun b. To Work and have fun c. doesn’t say
8. How many people can fit in the convention center?
a. 225 b. 300 c. 365
9. What is the main rule for the Hot Springs Park?
a. Not eating after swimming b. No swimming after eating c. No calling for swimming
✘
10. How many zip lines does the park have?
a. none b. twenty-one c. one
 LISTENING / 10
5. LISTEN TO A TALK ABOUT SAFETY ON CAMPING AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH
A WORD.

1. Making campfires have caused lots of _________, due to the incorrect way of doing it.
2. Ashes are a major problem, which is the way fire in the _______ starts.
3. You _____ spill some water on the campfire, then mix ashes and embers with soil.
4. You should ________ check the place where you are going to light a campfire.
5. A good way to start a campfire is making a _______ with rocks.
6. You must _______ the embers after they are covered with water.
7. You should always _____ the coals, embers, and any partially- burned wood.
8. Everything including the rock fire ring should feel _______ to the touch.
9. When you think you are done, you should wait for a __________ and add more water.
10. Take the time to __________ put out the campfire, in order prevent a wildfire.

WRITING / 10

6. THIS IS A MESSAGE YOU RECEIVE FROM A FRIEND...

Hi, guess what? I have to give a presentation to my English class

about “magic towns in hidalgo” which town should i choose? What
information could i include? Please, help!

...NOW, WRITE A MESSAGE ANSWERING YOUR FRIEND’S QUESTIONS. WRITE BETWEEN 60

AND 80 WORDS.
 SPEAKING / 10
7. READ THE SOCIAL SITUATION AND TALK TO A PARTNER.

You’re planning a walking trip to the mountains with

friends, you can carry just 7 things with you to spend a
night there, think well about the 7 things you are going to
take, maybe you can solve some problems with it. Use the
pictures to help you.

For example:
We might get lost, so we should bring a compass to find the

right direction.

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 7 Catching
up!

LESSON A LET’S GET TOGETHER.

1. MATCH THE PICTURES TO THE WORDS.

1. have fun
2. gather
3. crew
4. meet
5. have a party
6. an important meeting
7. a reunion
8. get together
 2. WRITE THE CORRECT WORDS FROM THE VOCABULARY SECTION ON THE LINES.

1. You need to ___________________ Pablo, the party is awesome! Dance or do something!

2. A: Why are you running Thelma?
B: I have _______________________ at two o’clock and it’s late already!
3. Did you hear that? Alma is _______________________ tonight and everyone is coming! Are you?
4. My friends from high school are having a _____________________ after 20 years. Can you believe it?
5. Hey! Why don’t we just ____________________ and figure it out. I think the cafeteria is a good place.
6. That song was improvised, which, I ________________ was a good idea for the singing contest.
7. His company is working with a ______________ of more than 100 people.
8. If you don’t know where to go, let’s _____________ at the coffee shop on the corner and we all decide it.

3. WORK IN PAIRS. LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND DESCRIBE WHAT THE PEOPLE ARE
DOING.

4. WORK IN GROUPS OF THREE PEOPLE. DESCRIBE THE LAST TIME YOU HAD A
REUNION WITH YOUR FRIENDS OR A MEETING AT WORK OR SCHOOL. TELL THE TIME
WHEN THAT HAPPENED AND THE PLACE WHERE IT TOOK PLACE. USE THE
VOCABULARY YOU HAVE LEARNED.
LESSON B A HANDY MAN MIGHT HELP YOU!

1. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION GREGORIO AND THOMAS ARE HAVING. CAN YOU
TELL WHAT PROBLEM GREGORIO IS HAVING?

2. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AGAIN. PAY ATTENTION TO THE SENTENCES

WHERE GREGORIO AND THOMAS USED THE WORDS MIGHT / MAY / COULD /
SHOULD / CAN AND TRY TO GUESS WHAT THEY USED THEM FOR.

3. WRITE THOSE SENTENCES YOU FOUND AND SEPARATE THEM ON THIS TABLE.

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

4. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE CORRECT WORDS.

1. I don’t know Fatima but the wedding party ______________ be on the beach. The weather is great!
2. I think I ______________ go for some fresh air outside. This place is so crowded and I don’t feel good.
3. Rene ______________ come today, he’s taking care of his little brother tonight.
4. We haven’t decided yet, but they ______________ go to the concert.
5. Rita ____________ go with us today, she is very sick.
6. I ______________ be able to go with you. Just wait, I almost finish!
7. Sheila ______________tell you how to get to Leonardo’s house, she lives around!
LESSON C PRONUNCIATION

1. LISTEN TO THE SOUND AND THE WORDS. CAN YOU HEAR THE SPECIFIC SOUND
FOR EACH WORD? NOW LISTEN AGAIN AND REPEAT.

1. RIGHT 2. WOULD 3. PAY

2. PRONOUNCE THE WORDS CORRECTLY. FIND MORE WORDS WITH THOSE SOUNDS
AND MAKE A LIST.

may /ei/ Stay / always / today / …

Could / d/ Should / would / could …

Might /ai/ Flight / light / fight …

3. WORK IN PAIRS SAYING THESE WORDS. PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO THE SOUND
YOUR CLASSMATE MAKES.
 LESSON D APOLOGIES

1. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATIONS. UNDERLINE THE PHRASES THEY USE TO EXPRESS

APOLOGIES OR TO RESPOND TO THEM.

Conversation 1

A: So, what are you doing this weekend?

B: Well, if I get better I might go to Alfredo’s birthday party, but I feel terrible. I’m so sorry
A: Don’t worry if you can’t go. I will tell them you’re not OK.

Conversation 2

A: Ricardo might help you decorate the house this afternoon

B: He’s not able to help me. He is out of town!
A: Oh! Really? That’s a shame! I mean it’s hard to hear that.

Conversation 3

A: I’m really sorry! I can’t meet you at that restaurant. My ex-girlfriend works there.
B: Don’t be sorry! We can find another place where we can meet.
A: Yeah! Thanks. That sounds better.

2. WORK IN PAIRS. STUDENT A AND STUDENT B, HAVE A SHORT CONVERSATION.

PRACTICE SAYING SOME PHRASES TO APOLOGIZE. THEN SWITCH ROLES.

So, what are you doing this weekend?

B: Well, I might go to a party at Dylan’s. Do you want to come?
A: ______________________ but I have to watch my little brothers. My parents aren’t home.
B: ______________________ there may be another chance to have fun.

3. MAKE A LIST OF THE PHRASES THEY USED TO APOLOGIZE AND THE RESPONSES TO
THEM.

APOLOGIES RESPONSES
 LESSON E READING

1. QUICKLY READ THIS ARTICLE IGNORING ANY WORDS YOU DON’T KNOW. THEN
READ THE SENTENCES AND CHOOSE TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F).

1. A housewarming party is traditionally held to say goodbye to a neighbor who is leaving the place. (T) (F)
2. In some places giving some wood was considered a gift. (T) (F)
3. This kind of party is common just in North American countries. (T) (F)

A house-warming party is a party traditionally held soon after moving into a new residence. It is an
occasion for the hosts to present their new home to their friends, post-moving, and for friends to
give gifts to furnish the new home. House-warming parties are generally informal.

The term "housewarming" is descended literally from the act of warming a new house, in the days
before central heating. Each guest would bring firewood, and build fires in all the available
fireplaces, offering firewood as a gift. Aside from warming the house, this was also believed to repel
evil spirits by creating a protective atmosphere of warmth. Uninhabited houses were considered
targets for vagrant spirits, and therefore used to require a certain level of cleansing before a house
was safe to be occupied by young children. The origin is from the medieval times.

In India, this ceremony is known as "Griha Pravesh" literally meaning "entering new house" (for the
first time). In some places, they allow a cow to be the first to enter the house, as the first part of the
ceremony.
In New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and other Commonwealth countries, a housewarming party
may also be known as a flat-warming party, usually in a shared living situation involving flat mates.
The traditional Thai housewarming is a Buddhist ritual in which monks, family, friends, and food all
play important roles.

In the Southern United States, an old-fashioned type of party, known as a "Food Pounder", is
popular. Traditionally, each guest would bring the new homeowners a pound of food such as
cheese, cornmeal, flour, sugar, or any other staple food needed to stock the new home's pantry. In
modern times the tradition has been extended to canned goods and even fresh foods, but the hosts
are still most likely to receive the basic foodstuffs needed to set up a kitchen.

In Russia and former USSR countries, it is believed that a cat should be allowed to enter the new
house first; this is said to bring home and family luck.
2. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION.

1. The word “hosts” in line two means…

a) The people who goes to a party.
b) The people who has a party.
c) The people who is invited to a party.

2. The expression “warming a new house” in line 4 means…

a) Making the house more comfortable.
b) Heating up the house using wood in a fire place.
c) Making an atmosphere of warmth.

3. The main purpose of a housewarming party is to repeal evil spirits.

a) True
b) False
c) It doesn’t say

4. The word “guest” in line 17 means…

a) The people who goes to a party.
b) The people who has a party.
c) The people who is invited to a party.

5. In a house warming party the owner of the house:

a) Receives presents
b) Gives presents
c) Gives and receives presents.

6. This custom originated:

a) In recent times
b) Around 600- 700 hundred years ago.
c) In Europe

7. The text mentions fresh food as an example of:

a) Food that is not included in House Warming parties.
b) Food that has recently been included in House warming parties.
c) Food that was included in house warming parties in its origins but not now.
3. WRITE A SHORT DESCRIPTION ABOUT THE THINGS PEOPLE DO IN OUR COUNTRY
TO WELCOME A NEW NEIGHBOR.
 UNIT 7 Test

GRAMMAR /5

1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT MODAL VERB.

1. I'm sure he is in there - I can see his car in front of the building.
He ____________ be there. I can see his car in front of the building.
2. They're coming this week but I don't know which day.
They ____________ come tomorrow.
3. I'm not sure I'm going to pass the exam. I don't feel very confident.
I ____________ pass the exam. I don't feel very confident.
4. I've bought a lottery ticket. There's a chance I'll become a millionaire!
I ____________ become a millionaire!
5. My key's not in my pocket or on my desk so I'm sure it's in the drawer.
My key's not in my pocket or on my desk so it ____________ be in the drawer.

VOCABULARY /5

2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH A WORD FROM THE BOX.

get-together meet crew meeting match

1. Is it possible for you to ____________ us at the new pizza place in front of the supermarket?
2. Hey Pablo! It is 09: 45 aren’t you going to the ____________? It was scheduled at 10:00 O’clock!
3. My friends and I are having a ____________ party after almost 10 years. I think that’s going to be interesting.
4. If you want to finish that puzzle you need to ____________ all the pieces so you can see what it is.
5. I have heard the __________ of that company has a good environment every day.
 READING / 10
3. READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT, THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

It is held on November 1st and 2nd all around the country, Mexico’s ‘Day of
the Dead’ is definitely one of the country’s most unusual and interesting
festivals that celebrates the reunion of relatives with their dearly departed
at home or sometimes people gather around the graves in the cemetery.
During the festival in most villages or some cities altars are built and then
carved with food and decorated with candles, buckets of flowers, peanuts,
plates of turkey mole or any other food or drink the dead relative liked the
most.

Colorful costumes, loads of festive food and drink, often in the shapes of
skulls, skeleton figures and yellow marigolds, cigars, skeletons on stilts,
parties in cemeteries, skull-shaped candies and mariachi bands,
performing next to graves are all part of the festivities to show the totality
of both life and death.

The origin of the festival comes from the belief that spirits of dead pay a
visit to their families between October 21 and November 2. The Day of
Dead is not scary, rather it’s a day to celebrate the dead and enjoy their
memories.

The festival is best celebrated at two very special places in Mexico,

including San Andrés Míxquic, a small town in Mexico City, and in Janitzio,
a charming little island in a lake in Michoacan state.

So, if you are thinking about experiencing a very special festival in a

different country do not think about it twice, just go to Mexico and enjoy
this unique and rare, but very interesting festival.

1. This text is most likely part of:

a) a magazine
b) a scientific journal
c) a newspaper

2. The best title for this text is…

a) An interesting celebration in Mexico
b) The festival tradition from Mexico
c) Mexico’s most weird celebration
3. The word “held” in line 1 paragraph 1 means…
a) it is contained
b) it is kept or detained
c) it is celebrated

4. The main idea in paragraph 2 is…

a) it is a list of the things people need to have for the celebration.
b) it is a description of the things people do in one of the two days
c) it is a short idea of the things people do or have to celebrate the visit

5. When they say the phrase “pay a visit” in line 1 paragraph 3they meant…
a) it means the amount of money they have to pay to be present those two days
b) it means they just go to see their relatives those two days
c) it means they get a visit from relatives at the cemetery.

6. The word “rather” in line 3 paragraph 3 expresses…

a) the same of the previous idea
b) the antonym of the previous word
c) the contrast of the previous idea

7. The aim of this text is mainly…

a) to mention what places you have to visit in november
b) the traditions Mexicans do in november
c) to describe what Mexicans do in November 1st and 2nd

8. The word “it” in paragraph 3 line 2 refers to…

a) The festival
b) The day of dead
c) November

9. The idea of paragraph to is similar to…

a) “The day of dead is celebrated only in two places”
b) “In some places in Mexico, the day of dead is not celebrated”
c) “In two places in Mexico, the day of the dead is celebrated in a special way.”

10. The last paragraph is trying to … the reader to visit Mexico and enjoy one of its best traditions.
a) encourage
b) inform
c) persuade
 LISTENING / 10

4. LISTEN TO TWO FRIENDS TALKING ABOUT A GET-TOGETHER PARTY THEY ARE GOING
TO HAVE. ANSWER (T) FOR TRUE, (F) FOR FALSE OR (DS) FOR DOESN’T SAY.

T F DS

1. It’s been so long since they saw each other.

2. Luis is studying and working in a different country.

3. Fernando invited Luis to the reunion since nobody had seen him.

4. Luis might not go to the reunion because of his work.

5. Romina and Luis were really good friends in school.

6. It is not possible for Fernando to take pictures at the reunion.

7. They might not have fun because the reunion is at 12:00 o’clock.

8. Luis doesn’t work on Saturdays.

9. Luis and Thelma were in a relationship.

10. Fernando offers Luis to give Luis a ride to Mandy’s house.

 WRITING / 10
5. WRITE A BLOG POST ABOUT THE LAST TRADITIONAL FESTIVAL OR CELEBRATION YOU
HAD AND ENJOYED A LOT RECENTLY. USE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS TO ORGANIZE
YOUR IDEAS. WRITE BETWEEN 60 AND 80 WORDS.

a) What was it?

b) Who did you go with?
c) Why did you like it?
d) What did you see at that festival?
e) Why would you recommend it for other visitors?
 SPEAKING / 10
6. TAKE TURNS TO TALK ABOUT THE MOST INTERESTING ANECDOTE YOU HAD IN A PARTY
OR FESTIVAL WITH A FRIEND. USE THE PROMPTS BELOW.

Student A

A. Once I was at a birthday party when…

B. Have you ever been late to a meeting?

C. Can you tell me about the last time you had lots of fun?

Student B

A. I don’t like birthday parties but once I was in a reunion with some relatives when…

B. Have you ever been to a get-together party with really old friends?

C. Can you tell me about the last concert you went to?

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 8 Landmarks

LESSON A IT IS MADE OF...

1. CLASSIFY THE VOCABULARY WHERE CORRESPONDS. COMPARE WITH A PARTNER.

• Glass • Old paintings • Marble • Large Living room

• Ballroom • Stone • Chandelier • Antique bookcase
• Steel • Carpet • Entrance hall • Fence
• Coffee table • Balcony • Iron • Wooden armchair
• Basement • Concrete

PARTS OF A
MATERIAL FURNITURE/FURNISHING
HOUSE/ BUILDING
 2. MATCH THE VOCABULARY IN EXERCISE 1 TO THE FOLLOWING PICTURES. THEN,
TAKE TURNS TO TALK ABOUT THEM. FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE:
A: THE LOUVRE MUSEUM IS MADE OF GLASS.
B: FRIDA’S HOUSE IS MADE OF…

1.
5.
2.
4.
3.

1.
5.
2.
4.
3.

1.
5.
2.
4.
3.

1.

2.

3.

3. MATCH THE DEFINITION WITH THE WORD.

a. A hard, brittle, mostly transparent substance, usually produced

by heating and melting sand, soda, and lime, as in the ordinary
kind used for windows.
1. BASEMENT
b. A large room, as in a hotel or resort, with a polished floor for
2. GLASS
dancing.
3. CHANDELIER
c. A decorative, sometimes ornate, light fixture suspended from a
4. CONCRETE
ceiling, usually having branched supports for a number of
5. STEEL
lights.
6. BALLROOM
d. Part of a building below ground
e. A form of iron made with carbon.
f. An artificial, stone-like building material made by mixing
cement and sand with water and allowing the mixture to
harden.
 LESSON B FAMOUS BUILDINGS.

1. DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS WITH A PARTNER:

• What are the most famous buildings in your country?
• What do you know about them?
• Where are they located?
• What are they made of?

2. LISTEN AND READ.

Chichen Itza was a Mayan city; it is located on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. Chichen Itza was
named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988 and, in 2007, it was voted in a worldwide survey as
one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

The most impressive building is the Temple of Kukulkan, also known as El Castillo, it was built in an
area that was leveled to organize larger structures. The temple was designed with 365 steps which
represent each day of the year. Each side of the temple has
91 steps, and the top platform completes the 365th.

Chichén Itzá's ball court is the largest in America, measuring

168 meters and 70 meters wide. During ritual games,
4-kilogram rubber balls were hit by players, into rings which
were made of stone and were set high on the court walls.
Nowadays, the site is open daily and on spring and autumn
equinoxes offer the opportunity to admire the incredible
shadow serpent of El Castillo and at night a light show is
displayed to all tourists who arrive from all over the world.

3. COMPLETE THE CHART USING THE VERBS IN BOLD FROM THE TEXT. LOOK AT
THE EXAMPLE.

Verb be Past participle Verb be Past participle

(present/past) verb form (present/past) verb form

1. is located 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
 4. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATIONS AND COMPLETE WITH THE MISSING WORDS.
THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

TEACHER: In this video you see the White House, it is the official residence and work place of
the president of the United States
STUDENT 1: Excuse me, where 1.______________?
TEACHER: Well, It 2._____________in Washington D.C; do you know who 3.___________ it?
STUDENT 2: Yes, I know. It 4.________________ by the Irish architect James Hoban.
TEACHER: You´re right and its name 5.______________ by the President Theodore Roosevelt in 1901.

1. What is the White House?

2. Where is the White House located?
3. Who designed it?
4. Who gave its name?
5. When was The White House given this name?

MARIANA: Hey Ana! Nice to hear from you, how was your trip to India?
ANA: Hi Mariana, it was awesome; I visited the Taj Mahal it is a mausoleum, it
1._________________ near the Yamuna River.
LUCY: I know, and it 2._________________ in honor to Shah Jahan’s wife.
MARIANA: Most of the building 3.________________ of white marble, and it makes it a
magnificent building for visitors around the world. However, I had some language
problems.
LUCY: Why? You speak English and Spanish pretty well
MARIANA: You’re right but Spanish and english 4._________________ languages in India. Hindi
5.________________ by most people there.
1. Where did Lucy go?
2. Where is the Taj Majal located?
3. Why was this mausoleum built?
4. What was the Taj Majal made of?
5. What language is mostly spoken in India?

LESSON C WHEN WAS IT CREATED?

1. DISCUSS WITH A CLASSMATE.

• Mention some important inventions or discoveries that changed the world.

• Do you know when and who discovered or created them?

2. MATCH THE INVENTION TO THE INVENTOR.

Challenge Your Knowledge!

( ) 1. The first Bible was printed… a. by the Chinese around 1050 BC

( ) 2. The Mona Lisa was painted… b. by Carl Benz.
( ) 3. The law of gravity was discovered… c. by Leonardo Da Vinci in the 16th century.
( ) 4. The telephone was invented… d. by Samuel Morse around 1830-1840.
( ) 5. The Great Wall was built… e. by Isaac Newton.
( ) 6. The first car was manufactured… f. by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
( ) 7. The airplane was invented… g. by its population to protect from their enemies.
( ) 8. The Eiffel Tower was designed… h. by Gutenberg in 1455 in Germany.
( ) 9. The compass was created… i. by Emile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin.
( ) 10. Morse Code was developed… j. by the Wright brothers in 1903.

YOUR SCORE

10-9 Excellent 8-7 Good 6-5 Not bad 4-0 Try again

3. SHARE YOUR SCORE. CHECK THE CORRECT ANSWERS

1. h, 2. c, 3. e, 4. f, 5.g, 6. b, 7. j, 8. i, 9. a, 10.d

GO TO GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 8. READ THE INFORMATION AND DO THE EXERCISES.

 4. IN PAIRS, USE THE INFORMATION IN EXERCISE 2 TO ASK AND ANSWER
QUESTIONS AS IN THE EXAMPLE.

STUDENT A

EXAMPLE:

Who printed the first Bible? The first bible was printed by Gutenberg

5. LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND USE THE INFORMATION TO MAKE SENTENCES,

FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE.
STUDENT B

• Chandelier
• Crystal
The chandelier was made of crystal by
• 1872
Alice Johnson in 1872.
• Alice Johnson
(make)

• Poland
• 1903
(find)
• Plate

• Pots
• 1817
• Mexican women
(design)
 • Angel de la
Independencia
• Reforma Avenue
(locate)

• Wooden door
• 2019
• My uncle
(set)

LESSON D THE PRESIDENTIAL OFFICE.

1. COMPLETE THE CHART WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS.

PRESENT “TO BE” SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE

Occupy Visit

Change Build

Name Order
 2. COMPLETE THIS INFOGRAPHIC WITH THE CORRECT OPTIONS. THEN LISTEN
AND CHECK.

Important Facts About Los Pinos

• Los Pinos was the presidential residence in Mexico, now it is open to the public but not always was like this.
The residence 1. __________ in a place that 2. ___________ “Molino del Rey”.
• At the beginning the land was a ranch called “La Hormiga” which name 3. __________ to “Los Pinos” by Lázaro
Cárdenas in honor to the place where he met his wife in Michoacan.
• The residence, first 4. _________ by President Lazaro Cardenas del Rio due to he believed Chapultepec Castle
was a luxurious place to rule the country, so he decided to move to “Los Pinos” in 1941.
• Mexico 5. __________ by Manuel Avila Camacho from 1940 to 1946, he was the second Mexican President who
lived in the new residence. He got married to Soledad Orozco and didn’t have children. Before moving from
his own house in Lomas de Chapultepec to the official residence, 6. __________ some modifications by the
presidential couple to adapt it to their needs.
• Nowadays this place 7. ___________ by people who want to go along on its avenues, gardens, statue galleries as
well as to enjoy its buildings and cultural events.

1. a. was built b. is built c. were built d. were build

2. a. are named b. were name c. was named d. was name
3. a. were changed b. is changed c. was changed d. were change
4. a. was occupy b. are occupy c. were occupied d. was occupied
5. a. was governed b. were governed c. are govern d. was govern
6. a. is ordered b. were ordered c. was order d. was ordered
7. a. are visited b. is visited c. were visited d. was visit
 3. READ THE TEXT IN EXERCISE 2 AGAIN AND DECIDE IF THESE STATEMENTS ARE
TRUE OR FALSE.
• The Mexican Presidential Residence was always opened to the public. T F
• The Ranch “La Hormiga” is now “Los Pinos”. T F
• President Lazaro Cardenas met his wife in “La Hormiga”. T F
• Chapultepec Castle was the presidential residence before. T F
• The second president who lived in “Los Pinos” was Lázaro Cardenas. T F
• There are cultural events in “Los Pinos” nowadays. T F

4. USE THE PROMPTS TO MAKE SENTENCES. FOLLOW THE MODEL.

Flowers/ send/on Mother’s Day ------ Flowers are sent on Mother’s Day

1. A special guitar / sell / famous museum in 1899

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. The National anthem / write / Francisco Gonzalez in 1853

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Valentine’s day /celebrate / February 14th around the world

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. Golden Gate Bridge / locate/ in San Francisco California

_______________________________________________________________________________

5. The song “Thriller”/ sing / Michael Jackson

_______________________________________________________________________________

6. The most delicious burgers / make / in USA

_______________________________________________________________________________

5. CHOOSE THE CORRECT VERB FORM TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

1. The lost dog _________ in the park last night.

2. a. was directed
Cars ___________ in Japan.
3. b. is spoken
“Roma”__________ by Alfonso Cuaron.
4. c. were delivered
“Nahuatl” ______________ in the Huasteca.
5. d. was found
Uniform _______________ in elementary schools.
6. e. are manufactured
Thousand packages _____________ by Amazon last month.
f. is worn
g. was directed
 LESSON E FACTS.

1. BEFORE READING THINK ABOUT…

• How much do you know about Hidalgo history?
• What do you know about the regions of Hidalgo?
• How are traditions celebrated in our state?

2. ANSWER THE QUIZ.

Do You Have Hidalguense Heart?

READ THE CLUES AND ANSWER THE QUIZ,
YOU HAVE A FEW MINUTES. GO AHEAD!
1. It was built to commemorate the 1st century of the Mexican
Independence.
2. It was painted by Diego Rivera and ordered by Jose
Vasconcelos who was the Education Secretary in that period.
3. It was founded in 1987 in Tizayuca. Mexican piñatas never miss
these products.
4. Ancestral tradition which is celebrated on November 1st and
2nd in the Huasteca.
5. Traditional music is played in this place to celebrate the
carnival with original dancers named “Cuernudos”.
6. On August in this place the “Fruit Fair” is held in honor to the
apple and its products.
7. Embroideries full of color are made here by Otomi hands
mostly representing birds, flowers and roosters.
8. It is believed that it was originated during the XVI century and
is considered the most important fair in the state. It is held in
October.
9. Place where four anthropomorphic figures belonging to the
Tolteca culture are settled.
10. “Captain Antonio Reyes Cabrera” is considered a hero. His
nickname is “El tordo” he fought against French army, he was
born in…

GO TO THE END OF THE UNIT 8 AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS

SCORE

9-10 You have absolutely an Hidalguense heart!

8-6 You are a proud Hidalguense.
5- 4 You are an average citizen of the state.
3-0 You might be a foreign person.
 3. WRITE AN E-MAIL TO A FRIEND FROM OTHER TOWN/CITY/COUNTRY. WRITE
ABOUT FACTS OF THE PLACE YOU LIVE IN. FOLLOW THE GUIDE.
• INTRODUCTION: *Greeting *Your name *City *School
• MAIN BODY: *Mention at least four facts using the passive voice (location, historical dates, buildings,
celebrations…) *use vocabulary of the unit
• CONCLUSION: Say good bye

4. WRITE A SHORT PHARAGRAPH DESCRIBING A FAMOUS LANDMARK AROUND

THE WORD. INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION.
• Where is it located?
• What is it made of?
• Who designed it?
• Historical facts
 LESSON E FACTS.

ANSWERS EXERCISE 2

1. The Monumental clock in Pachuca

2. Hidalgo Emblem
3. “Totis” company
4. Xantolo
5. Calnali
6. Acaxochitlan
7. Los Tenangos, de Tenango de Doria
8. San Francisco International Fair in Pachuca
9. Tula
10. Huejutla
 UNIT 8 Test

GRAMMAR /5
1. COMPLETE WITH THE CORRECT OPTION.

1. Skyscrapers ________ of iron and concrete.

a) are make b) are made c) is make d) is made
2. Xcaret __________ in the Riviera Maya in Quintana Roo.
a) are locate b) are locate c) is locate d) is located
3. The Mona Lisa _________ by Leonardo Da Vinci.
a) Is painted b) was painted c) were painted d) were painting
4. The David is one of the most famous sculptures, it ________ in Florence, Italy.
a) are find b) are founded c) is found d) is find
5. The London Bridge ____________ by the architect John Mowlem.
a) were designed b) was designed c) are designed d) is design

VOCABULARY /5

2. MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE WORDS.

1. A hard, brittle, mostly transparent substance, usually produced by

heating and melting sand, soda, and lime, as in the ordinary kind
used for windows. ( )
a. Basement
2. An artificial, stonelike material used for various structural purposes,
b. Glass
made by mixing cement and various aggregates. ( )
c. Wood
3. The hard, fiberlike substance that makes up most of the stem and
d. Concrete
branches of a tree or shrub beneath the bark.( )
e. Ballroom
4. A large room, as in a hotel or resort, with a polished floor for
dancing. ( )
5. A floor or story of a building that is partly or completely
underground. ( )
 READING / 10

London Eye, previously Millennium Wheel, revolving observation wheel, or Ferris wheel, is
situated in London, on the South Bank of the River Thames in the borough of Lambeth. At an overall height
of 443 feet (135 meters), the London Eye was the world’s tallest Ferris wheel from 1999, when it was built,
until 2006, when it was surpassed by the Star of Nanchang, in Nanchang, China. It is one of London’s most
popular tourist attractions for which an admission fee is charged and is sometimes credited with sparking
a worldwide revival of Ferris wheel.

What is now called the London Eye originated as an entry submitted by David Marks and Julia Barfield of
Marks Barfield Architects in 1993 to a competition, sponsored by The Sunday Times and Great Britain’s
Architecture Foundation, for a new landmark to commemorate the millennium in London. Although no
winner was declared, Marks and Barfield undertook the development of the project themselves and found
the site where the wheel now stands. Much of the funding was provided by British Airways.

Construction began in 1998, and the wheel was put together over the river, in a horizontal position, before
being pulled upright. The London Eye, as it was called by this time, was ceremonially “opened” by Prime
Minister Tony Blair on December 31, 1999, but did not admit its first paying passenger until March 9, 2000.
Originally scheduled to be dismantled after five years, it was kept in place because of continued
popularity. In 2006 a decorative LED lighting system was installed in order to make the wheel more
prominent after dark.

The London Eye’s original owners were British Airways, Marks Barfield, and the Tussauds Group. Tussauds
became the sole owner in 2006. The following year Tussauds was sold to the Blackstone Group, a private
equity firm that folded the London Eye into its Merlin Entertainments Group.

WRITTEN BY Robert Lewis, Assistant Editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

3. FIND IN THE BOX THE SYNONYM OF EACH WORD AND WRITE IT DOWN ON THE LINE.

A type of ticket 1. Borough _____________________________

Finance 2. Upright _____________________________
Rise up 3. Prominent _____________________________
City 4. Funding _____________________________
better seen 5. Admission fee _____________________________

4. NOW, READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

1. Mention 2 different names of the London Eye.

2. What is the current tallest Ferris wheel?
3. Who sponsored the competition in 1993 and why?
4. Mention the event held on December 31, 1999.
5. Who were The London Eye’s original owners?
 LISTENING / 10
5. LISTEN TO A TEACHER TALKING ABOUT FAMOUS SCULPTURES AROUND THE WORLD
AND COMPLETE THE CHART.

A. B.
SCULPTURE: PIETA SCULPTURE: 3.

LOCATION: 1. LOCATION: 4.

SCULPTOR: 2. SCULPTOR: Auguste Rodin

MATERIAL: Marble MATERIAL: 5.

C.
SCULPTURE: 6.

LOCATION: 7.

MATERIAL: from travertine stone

6. MATCH THE INFORMATION CHARTS IN EXERCISE 5 WITH THE PICTURES.

8. 9. 10.

WRITING / 10
6. WRITE A BLOG POST (WRITE 80 – 100 WORDS) ABOUT YOUR FAVORITE DISH. USE THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS TO ORGANIZE YOUR IDEAS.
• Where it is located
• What it is made of
• Who created it
• Some historical facts.
 SPEAKING / 10
7. TALK ABOUT A FAMOUS LANDMARK YOU KNOW WELL. MAKE SURE YOU TALK ABOUT
THE FOLLWING ASPECTS.
• LANDMARK
• LOCATION
• DESIGNED BY
• MATERIALS
• IMPORTANT FACTS

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 9 We Are What
We Eat

LESSON A FOOD

1. DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER:

• What’s your favorite snack?

• How often do you eat it?

2. MATCH THE WORDS AND WRITE THEM ON THE LINES.

a. black 7
______ 1. plant Blackberry
a. _________________
b. oat ______ 2. ware b. _________________
c. egg ______ 3. cake c. _________________
d. take ______ 4. shake d. _________________
e. left ______ 5. split e. _________________
f. chop ______ 6. spoon f. _________________
g. silver ______ 7. berry g. _________________
h. tea ______ 8. overs h. _________________
i. sea ______ 9. sticks i. _________________
j. chick ______ 10. meal j. _________________
k. pepper ______ 11. food k. _________________
l. milk ______ 12. mint l. _________________
m. fruit ______ 13. pea m. _________________
n. banana ______ 14. away n. _________________

3. LISTEN AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS. THEN LISTEN AND REPEAT.

 4. LISTEN TO THIS CONVERSATION AND CHOOSE:

1. They’re friends / family

2. They’re celebrating a birthday / mother’s day

5. COMPLETE THE CONVERSATION WITH THE WORDS FROM EXERCISE 2.

John: Hey! Good to see you Kelly! How have you been?
Kelly: Great, Thanks! What have you been up to these days?
John: Not much, I’m preparing a mother’s day breakfast for my
mom, wife and aunt and now I came to buy new
_______________ because I only have spoons and knifes, all
my forks are lost.
Kelly: That’s nice! What are you planning to do? I’m sure it is
not going to be a regular breakfast with _______________ and
milk.
John: Well I’m cooking something simple, it is a new recipe I
learned, it is mainly pasta and on top you put some
_______________ slices seasoned with _______________, we will
also have coffee and orange juice to drink; also, my sister
is baking a _______________ filled with _______________ and
some other fruits for dessert, actually, I need to but
some disposable _______________ to eat that. Are you
planning anything for your mom?
Kelly: My brothers and I are ordering pizza for dinner from a
_______________ restaurant near her house, she loves it so
much that if there’s pizza left, she keeps the _______________
in the fridge, we also considered _______________ but we
just had a lot of fish and shrimp during the holly week.
John: That’s great! She’ll be happy.
Kelly: Yes! and we’re going to order creamy ______________ for us
all from a café that is in the neighborhood too, mom has
a sweet tooth.
John: Sounds fantastic! They deserve it!

6. LISTEN AGAIN AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS;

THEN, PRACTICE THE CONVERSATION WITH A CLASSMATE.

7. DISCUSSION.
• Is there a special food you eat with your family for celebrations?
• Do you like it? Do you know how to cook it?
 LESSON B IF WE EAT HEALTHIER, WE WILL BE HAPPIER.

1. DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS WITH A PARTNER:

• What is your favorite fast food?
• How often do you eat fast food?
• Do you consider you have healthy eating habits?

2. LISTEN TO AN INTERVIEW, THEN READ THE STATEMENTS AND WRITE T (TRUE) OR

F (FALSE) ON THE LINES.

____________ 1. This is a TV interview to John.

____________ 2. Dr. Parker cares about people.
____________ 3. According to him, obesity is a minor problem.
____________ 4. Junk food is the main cause for the rise in people’s health problems.
____________ 5. There is no reason for people to eat junk food.
____________ 6. Besides obesity, there are more problems that may cause death.
____________ 7. Dr. Parker mentions some examples of different problems besides obesity.
____________ 8. Dr. Parker believes that if we are healthy we will be happy.
____________ 9. Health problems are exclusive to those who suffer from them.
____________ 10. Dr. Parker doesn’t believe we can do something to have a healthy life.

3. READ THESE PHRASES, WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON?

a) If you eat a lot of fast food,
you will have health
problems.
b) People won’t live a long
life if they don’t change
their habits

These phrases include conditions (“if clause”)

and consequences (“result clause”) and they
express situations that are very likely to
happen.
Go to the GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 9 to
know more about this topic.
 4. LISTEN TO THE INTERVIEW AGAIN AND COMPLETE THE EXPRESSIONS WITH THE
MISSING CLAUSES.

If I can help
Example: ______________________, I will be happy to answer your questions.

a) If we don’t have enough time to eat, ______________________________________________.

b) We will not choose the healthier option ___________________________________________.
c) If our body gets so many fats and carbs _____________________________________ and ___________________________________.
d) If we make changes in our diet _______________________________________________.
e) If we don’t make an effort to change ______________________________________________ because of these bad habits.
f) ___________________________________________ we will become better human beings.
g) ___________________________________________ we will save our lives.

5. MATCH THESE CLAUSES TO FORM CORRECT SENTENCES.

Example: If you study, you will learn new things

1. If you study and get a degree A) if you don’t do all your homework.
2. In a few years, we won’t have clean water B) they will be healthy.
3. If people eat vegetables C) if we don’t reduce the world’s temperature.
4. There will be many floods D) he will be promoted at his job.
5. You will fail E) if we don’t make changes to take care of it today.
6. If students attend to class F) if we don’t stop contaminating our rivers.
7. Our planet won’t survive G) you will have a better paid job.
8. If my brother learns English H) they will learn and practice.

LESSON C COCACOLA-IZATION

1. DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS WITH A PARTNER:

• Do you like drinking soda?

• How much soda do you drink per
week?
• Do you know what problems soda
consumption causes?
 2. READING. READ THE TEXT QUICKLY. WHICH TITLE WOULD SUIT IT BEST?
• The effect of soft drinks on our bodies.
• Mazahua communities at risk!
• Malnutrition and obesity rates in Mexico.
In a country with Latin America’s highest death rate from diabetes, peasant communities are in danger.
In the indigenous community of the Mazahuas in San
José del Rincón, a wooded village in western Mexico
State, there are so many homes without running
water but with a bottle of soda sitting permanently
on the table.
The Mazahua people are abandoning their millenary
diet based on pulses and vegetables, and adopting
junk food. Junk food, in combination with poverty
and social exclusion is lethal as it leads to
malnutrition and weight excess.
How many people are affected?
Mexico is going through a fat and sugar epidemic.
Seven out of every 10 adults are overweight or
obese, and so is one out of every three children. It is
the world’s second country with the highest
overweight and obesity rates, only after the United
States. If sugar and junk food consumption continues
at this rate, it will soon become number 1.
How much soda is consumed?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO),
no other people consumes as many soft drinks as
Mexicans—163 liters a year— It’s a chained problem: if
people drinks too much soda, they will become
diabetic; if they become diabetic, many will die
because of the complications the sickness causes.
The number of people who die from diabetes in
Mexico are far more than in other country in Latin
America.
From rare to common
“Diabetes used to be a rare disease affecting mostly
a mature population that was genetically
predisposed to it. But in the last 30 years there has
been a huge explosion, to the point that in the last six
years, half-a-million Mexicans died from diabetes,”
says Dr Abelardo Ávila, of the Salvador Zubirán
National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition.
“In this scenario, the indigenous population is the
most vulnerable, and has higher rates,” continues
Ávila. “Poverty used to protect them because it
forced them to eat what they grew in the fields. But
starting in 2010 there’s been an expansion by
soft-drink makers following a strategy to bring
refrigerators to communities that have electricity,
and so making their products available to much
more people”. In many places, amazingly, it’s easier
to get soft drinks than a bottle of milk. So, if the
availability of healthier options is scarce, the
consumption of soft drinks will definitely increase.
The situation has become so daunting that the
United Nations has coined the term
“cocacola-ization” to name the consuming habits in
Mexico.
What has been done?
Not many years ago, the government introduced a
special tax on sugary beverages, following other
nations’ lead. “If soft drinks are more expensive,
people will opt for healthier options”, the said. For
now, tax receipts have increased, but consumption
has not really gone down. Consumers did react to the
change in prices in the short term, but their usual
consumption has resumed over time. The impact in
long-term consumption has been minimal. If no other
options are available to the Mazahuas, coca – cola
will surely continue making its way into their diet.
Adapted from: “El País in English”
 3. READ THE ARTICLE AGAIN AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. How much of the population is overweight or obese? ________________________________________

2. How much soda is consumed in Mexico each year? __________________________________________
3. How many people have died from diabetes in recent years? ________________________________

4. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IN THE CORRECT FORM USING THE

VERBS FROM THE BOX. SOME OF THEM MAY BE NEGATIVE.

become combine continue get sick change lead provide increase

1. In San José del Rincón, if the government _______________ homes with running water, people _______________
consuming soft drinks.
2. If soft drink consumption _______________, Mexico __________ soon__________ number 1 in obese or overweight
people.
3. If the Mazahua diet _______________, they __________ probably __________ from diabetes.
4. If junk food _______________ with poverty, it _______________ to malnutrition.

5. MATCH THE HIGHLIGHTED WORDS FROM THE TEXT TO THEIR MEANINGS.

1. Wooded Very large.

2. Running water Fat.
3. People Money paid to the government for what you earn.
4. Pulses Continued, started again.
5. Overweight Accessible, ready to be used.
6. Soft drinks Covered with trees.
7. Disease Cold, sweet drinks without alcohol.
8. Huge Men, women, and children of a particular nation.
9. Grew Past of grow, to increase in size or amount.
10. Available Illness caused by infection or a failure of health.
11. Daunting Seeds as beans or peas which are cooked and eaten.
12. Tax Intimidating, frightening or worrying.
13. Gone down Participle of go down, to be reduced.
14. Resumed Water distributed to houses through pipes.

6. IN GROUPS DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

• Are there any similarities between the situation of the Mazahua community and your community?
• What actions would you suggest to lower the consumption of soda among the population?
• From these actions, which ones will you adopt with your family if you can?
LESSON D A CLASS FORUM

1. MATCH THE DEFINITIONS (a-e) WITH THE VOCABULARY (1-5).

VOCABULARY DEFINITION

1. _____ pandemic a. I want to say.

2. _____ proud
3. _____ junk food
4. _____ lockdown
5. _____ I mean
b. a disease existing in almost all of the area of people,
animals or plants.
c. feel happy for what somebody does.
d. a requirement for people to stay where they are due
to a specific risk.
e. unhealthy food like hamburgers and soda.

2. READ THE TEXT FROM A STUDENT IN A CLASS FORUM AND ANSWER T (TRUE), F
(FALSE) OR DS (DOESN’T SAY).

How did your eating habits change during the lockdown due to the pandemic?

So cool to read about how some of us have changed the way we eat during this lockdown!
I’m from Mexico, I’ve lived in Hidalgo all my life and I'm proud to say that Hidalgo has one
of the most delicious foods all around the country.

Before the pandemic I used to stop anywhere and have all kinds of traditional food such as
Tacos, Garnachas, Barbacoa, etc. However, being home has been so difficult when it
comes to getting the food you like, I mean, unfortunately, so many places were closed, so
we had to manage cooking with what we had at hand.

On the other hand, not being able to go out because of the pandemic made me learn so
many things I didn’t even think I could do by myself, and one of those things was learning
how to cook. Last week, I learned how to cook “Chilaquiles” which is one of my favorite
Mexican dishes.

What is more, being at home has had such a great impact on my health, after all, I have lost
some weight and now I feel better. And that is probably because when things were normal,
I used to go and get lots of junk food which of course wasn’t any good for my body. What
about you? Has this lockdown made you change your eating habits? Let us know.
1. The writer loves food from Hidalgo.
2. The writer ate out often.
3. Learning how to cook was so difficult
for the writer.
4. Chilaquiles are not one of the
writer’s favorite dishes.
5. The pandemic has caused the
writer become healthier.

3. READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.

1. What is the purpose of the first sentence in this post?

a) To show the writer has read other posts.
b) To talk about the food in Hidalgo
c) For the writer to introduce themselves.

2. Which word is missing from the first sentence?

a) They’re...
b) It 's...
c) You’re...

3. The phrase “used to” is similar to...

a) the writer did it very often
b) the writer use it very often
c) the writer does it very often

4. Which thing shows the writing is informal?

a) The writer sometimes uses some incomplete sentences.
b) The writer talks directly to the reader using “you”
c) The writer mentions some information about Hidalgo State.

5. What does the word “such as” mean at the end of the first line in the second paragraph?
a) but
b) fortunately
c) for example
Writing Strategy

• Start by saying something that shows you have read other people's posts.
• You can be quite informal.
• You can sometimes miss out the beginning of a phrase:
So cool to read about how some of us have changed…

4. WRITE YOUR OWN ANSWER TO THE FORUM “HOW DID YOUR EATING HABITS
CHANGE DURING THE LOCKDOWN DUE TO THE PANDEMIC?” (80-100 WORDS)
LESSON E IT WON’T TASTE VERY GOOD IF...

1. DESCRIBE THE PICTURE. WHAT ARE THEY DOING? WHAT DO YOU THINK THEY ARE
SAYING? USE THE WORDS BELOW TO HELP YOU.

look at think take sit

menu order restaurant waitress

2. WRITE THESE WORDS IN THE CORRECT PLACE IN THE MENU.

Appetizers Desserts Main courses

Green salad Chicken soup Tomato salad

Lamb with sauce The special Grilled fish

Chocolate cake Vegetable pie Fruit salad

3. READ THE CONVERSATION AND TRY TO COMPLETE THE WORDS, THE FIRST LETTER
(S) IS DONE FOR YOU. THEN LISTEN AND CHECK.

Waitress Are you ready to o_____________?

ALL Yes, we are.
Cheryl Excuse me, I have a question. I’m in the mood for
l_____________ , but the sauce looks too fatty. Could I
order the lamb without the sauce?
Waitress Sure!
Cheryl What does it come with?
Waitress French f_______________.
Cheryl I’m not really into fried food. Could I have a grilled
v_______________ instead?
Waitress I think we have grilled pe_______________.
Cheryl Perfect!
Waitress Would you like to start with an appetizer?
Cheryl Is there any o___________ on the t___________ salad?
Waitress There’s a lot of oil, yes.
Cheryl Could I get it without the oil?
Waitress MMM – HMMM, but it won’t taste very g___________.
Cheryl Then I’ll just have a mixed g_________ salad.
Waitress And you, Madame?
Kate Ahmm..
Cheryl I’m sorry. I have another question. Is there any
s____________ on the lamb?
Waitress It takes salt and pepper, yes.
Cheryl I don’t want a lot of salt. I think I’ll have the f___________
instead.
Waitress Ok, anything to d____________?
Cheryl Just w____________, please.
Waitress And for you?
Kate I’ll have the special.
Louis The special, please.
Charles The special, please.
Waiter Great!
Cheryl Can I ask you another q_____________?
Kate, Charles Noooooo!!!!
and Louis
 4. LOOK AT THE HIGHLIGHTED PHRASES IN THE CONVERSATION AND WRITE THE
WORDS IN THE RIGHT COLUMN.

TAKING THE ORDER ORDERING

e.g. Are you ready to order?

5. READ AND LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AGAIN IN EXERCISE 3 AND ANSWER

THE QUESTIONS.

1. Why do you think Lucy is quite interested in what the food contains?
2. Why do Lucy’s friends sound annoyed?
3. Do you think Lucy has good eating habits?

6. IN GROUPS OF 5, PRACTICE THE CONVERSATION IN EXERCISE 2.

 UNIT 9Test

GRAMMAR /5

1. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

1. James, __________ the washing up i f I cook dinner?

a) do you do b) will you do

2. My parents will be worried _________ home very late.

a) if I get b) if I’ll get

3. What will she say if her boyfriend ___________ you to marry her?
a) asks b) will ask

4. I __________ the camera if it’s very expensive.

a) don’t buy b) won’t buy

5. If we __________ our coats, we’ll be cold.

a) don’t take b) won’t take

VOCABULARY /5

2. MATCH THE DESCRIPTIONS TO THE WORDS.

1. Fast food restaurants usually sell this type of food. a. chopsticks

2. This is the food remaining after the rest has been consumed. b. fruit cake
3. It is usually baked and fruit is added on it. c. seafood / 10
4. In most of East Asia people use them to have their food like rice. d. takeaway food
5. This food is usually more expensive as it comes from the sea. e. leftovers
 READING / 10
3. READ THE EXTRACTS WHICH HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THE ARTICLE BELOW,
CHOOSE FROM A TO E THE ONE WHICH BEST FITS THE GAPS IN THE TEXT.

Across the world the consumption of high-energy, nutrient-poor foods has increased and in recent
1.
years the average Mexican diet has changed.

2. Diets containing red meat, processed meat, eggs, fish, poultry and milk are OK.

A recent study (López-Olmedo et al, 2016) found that more than 50% of the Mexican population
3.
(aged over 1 year) are eating more than the recommended amount of added sugar and saturated fat.

In addition, smoking and a sedentary lifestyle (little physical activity) may also contribute to health
4.
problems.

Of particular concern is the stunting and micronutrient deficiencies in young children, iron
5.
deficiency in pregnant women and the high incidence of obesity and diabetes in Mexico.

The Mexican diet is changing

Researchers investigating the nutritional adequacy of the Mexican diet have found that Mexican’s are
not getting all of the nutrients they need to be healthy and that most Mexican’s are consuming more
energy (calories) than they need.

Traditionally, the Mexican diet contained cereals and legumes (common beans), but now most
people are eating less of these foods and eating more sugars, animal products and vegetable fats.

Diets containing too many corn tortillas, refined grains, high fat foods, sugary soft drinks and alcohol
can be harmful to our health – in particular because these foods may not provide important micronu-
trients, like calcium and vitamin D, and can contribute to tooth decay.

It also found that intakes of saturated fat and added sugars were higher in urban compared with
rural areas, in the North compared with South regions, and among those with higher socio-economic
status (compared with low socio-economic status).

Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and oils are the healthiest diets. Foods
with a high fibre content are a healthy choice. However, many Mexican do not meet dietary recommen-
dations for good health.

S. (2016, 25 agosto). The Mexican Diet is changing. Good Food ~ Good Health.
https://gfgh.wordpress.com/2016/08/25/the-mexican-diet-is-changing/
4. READ THE ARTICLE AGAIN AND ANSWER TRUE OR FALSE.

T F
1. Mexicans consume so many high calories products.
2. Cereals, legumes and beans contain lots of calories.
3. Tooth decay is a consequence of getting too many corn
tortillas, refined grains, high fat foods and sugary drinks.
4. Half of the Mexican population are getting more than it is
recommended.
5. A few Mexicans follow a wrong diet to good health.

LISTENING / 10

5. LISTEN TO FIVE TALKING ABOUT FIVE MEXICAN DISHES. WRITE THE NUMBER OF THE
SPEAKER IN THE CORRECT PICTURE.

Chinicuiles Tacos de lengua Menudo Chicharrón Nopales

Speaker _______ 4+
Speaker _______ Speaker _______ Speaker _______ Speaker _______

6. LISTEN AGAIN AND MARK THE SENTENCES RIGHT (R) OR WRONG (W).

1. Menudo makes people with a hangover feel better.

2. Chinicuiles don’t have a lot of protein.

3. Chicharron can become your favorite snack once you try it.
4. Nopales are so different from beans.
5. Tacos de lengua are made with pork meat.
 WRITING / 10
7. WRITE YOUR ANSWER TO THE FORUM “HOW MANY OF YOU ARE PROUD OF YOUR
EATING HABITS? WHY?

• Start by saying something that shows you have read other people's posts.
• You can be quite informal.
• You can sometimes miss out the beginning of a phrase:
So cool to read about how some of us have changed…

SPEAKING / 10

8. HAVE A CONVERSATION WITH A PARTNER ABOUT YOUR EATING HABITS.

• Give an opinion about your partner’s eating habits

• Tell them whether they need to improve their eating habits.
• Suggest what they can do to be eat more healthily.
• You can use the following words and phrases to help you speak.

Useful phrases: Useful words

Do you think you have a healthy diet? less/more better

What do you usually have for…? small portions relaxed
How much/many…? diet cups
You can try eating/drinking… sugar/salt fat
Why don’t you…? fruit/vegetables
How about adding less…? water
If you eat/drink… you’ll feel…? snacks

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 10 Dreams

LESSON A IF I WERE A SUPERHERO…

1. DISCUSS WITH A CLASSMATE:

What are the most common superpowers in
comics, movies or TV shows? Why do you think
is that way? Share with your group.

2. WRITE THE SUPERPOWERS IN THE BOX NEXT TO THEIR DEFINITIONS.

Telekinesis Immortality Lifetime transference Super Healing

Omniscience Shape shifting Mind Control Time freezing

is the ability to recover from injuries or illness in a short period of time.

is the power of change the form of your own body.
allows you to move things and communicate by using your mind.
allows to stop time for a short period of time and move freely through it.
is never dying, even if you want to, you can’t die.
is controlling other’s thoughts and actions.
is the ability to grant part of your own lifetime left to a dead or dying
person, you cannot recover it once you have shared it.
means to know everything the human being has discovered.

SUPER
 3. LISTEN AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS, THEN, ANSWER THE
QUESTION BELOW.

• What Superpower would you like to have?

_____________________________________________________________
• Why?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

4. READ AND LISTEN TO THIS CONVERSATION AND FILL THE BLANKS WITH THE
MISSING INFORMATION.

Joyce: Patrick! School is over, it’s Friday afternoon and you know what
that means, are you ready to lose on your favorite game…
again?
Patrick: Come on, Joyce, last week was just a stroke of luck, I’m going to
defeat you easily today, but unfortunately, I don’t have a lot of
time available, my little sister has asked me to help her to study
and I can’t say no, I really want her to pass her exam.
Joyce: It’s alright, don’t worry, we must hurry up, then; it would be
really nice to have super powers like the heroes from comics, if
I had ________ ________ and ________ _________ I would carry you and
we would be in my house by now.
Patrick: That would be really good! Is there another super power you
think would be really useful?
Joyce: Actually, I think most of them are really great choices, for
example, if I were a hero who can ________ _________, we could play
our favorite game longer, don’t you think? Is there a super
power you would like to have?
Patrick: Yes, right now if I were a character with _____________ I could help
my sister faster and I would have more free time, but also I think
_____________ is a cool one, I could see everything if I was
immortal, even the end of the world.
Joyce: That’s right, but it scares me a little, if we became immortal, we
couldn’t die, even if we wanted to, that’s scary and even a bit
sad.
Patrick: I hadn’t thought about it, you are right, maybe instead, if I was a
____________ I could do my sister’s test and nobody would notice.
Joyce: That sounds interesting! Anyway, we can keep talking about
this later because is time to beat you.
 5. DECIDE IF THE STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR FALSE ACCORDING TO THE
INFORMATION WE CAN INFER FROM THE CONVERSATION.

True False
1. Playing videogames together is a common activity for Patrick and Joyce. ______ ______
2. Patrick has always won. ______ ______
3. Patrick is the youngest in his family. _____ ______
4. Joyce could easily carry Patrick. ______ ______
5. Patrick enjoys spending time with Joyce. ______ ______
6. Immortality is a power Joyce would like to have. ______ ______
7. Patrick makes a good brother. ______ ______

6. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT:

If I had the super power of ______________________ I would ___________________________.

Ask some of your classmates about what they would do if they had a super ability.

LESSON B IF I COULD, I WOULD.

1. DISCUSS WITH A CLASSMATE:

• If you had the ability to change immediately something in your life or the world, what would it be?
• Discuss with a classmate the meaning of these words and write a brief meaning:

1. Ban:
2. Famine:
3. War:
4. Heal:
5. Pollution:
6. Illness:

2. LISTEN TO SOME PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT WHAT THEY WOULD DO IF

THEY HAD THE POWER TO CHANGE SOMETHING AND WRITE THEIR NAMES
ON THE LINES ACCORDING TO WHAT THEY SAY.

1 2 3 4 5 6
This person is This person This person This person This person This person
against war wants to help ill wants to stop wants to stop wants to stop wants to stop
people hunger pollution crime hunting
 3. GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 10. READ TE INFORMATION AND DO THE
EXERCISES.
In the second conditional, we express actions that are really unlikely to happen.

Example: if I were rich I would buy a Ferrari.

Fact: I’m not rich and it’s not very possible

for me to become rich.

4. LOOK AT THE SENTENCES AND WRITE THE FACTS WE CAN GET FROM THEM,
FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE.

SENTENCE FACT(S)

I can’ t stop crime.

If I were a superhero I would stop crime
everywhere, I don’t like people suffering from it.

I would definitely spend all my richness to stop

famine if I had a lot of money.

If I could do something special, I would ban animal

hunting all over the world.

All the people who suffer from an illness could be

cured if I had the ability to heal others.

If I had the power to do it, I would stop pollution, it

is killing us.

If there weren’t wars, a lot of lives would be saved,

so I would stop war if I could.

When using the second conditional, we need two clauses, one is the “if clause” which shows the condition
needed for something to happen and the “result clause”, this one contains the action to be performed in case
the “if clause” is accomplished.
 5. SPLIT THE SENTENCES FROM THE PREVIOUS EXERCISE INTO “IF CLAUSES” AND
“RESULT CLAUSES” FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE.

IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE

If I were a superhero I would stop crime

6. SELECT THE WORDS THAT BEST COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.

1. If she was / were / would not so insecure, she could be / is / was the leader of the group.
2. If I was / were / would you, I would / was / had not buy that ugly shirt.
3. Our country was /were / would be really different if there was / would / were no traditions.
4. Where was / were / would you live if you could / have / had the chance to move right now?
5. If we changed / change / could our eating habits, our health could be /change / changed better.
6. If you be / is / had the chance to attend to a concert of a dead singer, who was /were / would it be?
7. Online education could be / is / had be easier if we could / is / had enough network coverage.
8. If I became / become / had rich, I was /were / would visit every town from my state.
 7. CREATE CONDITIONAL CLAUSES, SHARE WITH YOUR CLASSMATES AND LET THEM
FINISH THE SENTENCES, TAKE NOTES OF THEIR IDEAS.

Example: Student A: If I were a millionare Example: Student A: I would buy a Lamborghini

CONDITION CONSEQUENCE

LESSON C THE WINDY BEAUTY

1. DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS WITH A PARTNER:

• What do you know about Pachuca, the capital city of Hidalgo?

• Have you visited its museums or any other place?
• How do you like the city?
 2. READING. READ THE TEXT ABOUT PACHUCA AND THEN DECIDE IF THE SENTENCES
BELOW ARE TRUE OR FALSE.

Pachuca, The Windy Beauty

Pachuca has been an undervalued city. It has a lot

of things for tourists. If you visited Pachuca, called
The Windy Beauty, you would first feel the bluster of
the windy days. But there’s much more than heavy air
currents. Here, some instances of the things the city
offers:

Go museum-hopping
Taking in a few museums is always a good idea, and
fortunately Pachuca has some great ones. If you tried out the
Cuartel de Arte, housed inside of the former Convento de San
Francisco you’d have the opportunity to enjoy three museums,
an art gallery, a theater and a library. You’d be surrounded by its
stunning architecture. If you stopped at the city’s Mining Museum,
you would have a great look into Pachuca’s mining tradition. You
could also get to know one of Pachuca’s great passions if you visited
the Football Hall of Fame Museum.

Take in a game
The Cornish miners of Pachuca are credited with bringing soccer to the
Americas when they formed the original Pachuca league. These days, the
city’s soccer team is one of the best in Mexico, and it would be a shame if you
passed up seeing them live. The Liga MX has a two-tournament season, one of
which starts at the beginning of summer and one at the beginning of winter,
meaning that you would be able to see a game any time you head to Pachuca.

Admire local architecture

If you wandered the city’s streets, you’d be amazed by El Reloj, the city’s clocktower
which was built by the same engineers as London’s Big Ben in 1910 in traditional
neoclassical style. Other buildings which would astonish you would be The House of
Culture (the Efren Rebolledo Cultural Forum), the Colorado House, the Cajas Reales, the
Rule House, the Bancomer building, the Barreteros Market, the University, the Historical
Archives, the Art School, the San Francisco Church, and the Methodist Temple.

Near Pachuca, there are also some archeological sites and many places to admire and enjoy
nature. As you see, if you visited Pachuca and its surroundings, you’d never get bored. And
these are just some examples of what Pachuca, capital city of Hidalgo would offer to visitors.
1. The author implies Pachuca has not been given proper credit. T F
2. Pachuca is well known for its particular weather. T F
3. The Cuartel del Arte is now called Convento de San Francisco. T F
4. According to the text, Pachuca’s great passion is traditional mining. T F
5. Foreigners created the original Pachuca Soccer league. T F
6. People can watch a soccer game any time of the year. T F
7. El Reloj in Pachuca and London’s Big Ben were built in a similar style. T F
8. Inside the city, people can also visit some major archeological sites. T F

3. READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND MATCH THE HIGLIGHTED WORDS TO THEIR
MEANING. THEN LISTEN AND CHECK.

__________ Bluster a. Let go by without taking advantage of. Declined, rejected.

__________ Housed
__________ Stunning
__________ Mining
__________ Cornish
__________ Passed up
__________ Head
__________ Wandered
b. Impressive, especially in beauty or excellence.
c. Move about without a fixed course, aim, or goal.
d. People coming from Cornwall, England.
e. The process of extracting metals or minerals from the ground.
f. A violent and turbulent blowing.
g. Encased, enclosed, sheltered.
h. Proceed in a certain direction.

4. SPEAKING. DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS IN TEAMS:

• What interesting places around would you recommend to visit?
• Do you happen to know the history of those places?
• Are those places related to art? Sports? Culture?

LESSON D SO MUCH, SO LITTLE.

1. READ AND LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION. DO YOU AGREE WITH KIM? DO YOU
THINK MONEY MAKES PEOPLE FIGHT? DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER.

Dave Hi Kim! What are you doing?

Kim I’m reading a magazine. Look at this picture! Isn’t it quite sad to
see that some people have so much and others have so little? So,
I was wondering if this world would be a better place to live if
money didn’t exist.
Dave Come on, Kim! If money didn’t exist how would we buy things?
Kim What if we could make our money, wouldn’t it be so nice?
Dave Great! If I could make my own money, I could buy all the gadgets and cars I like.
Kim Hold on, Dave! I mean, I think it would be nice if we all could have money for essentials, you know,
food, clothes, this type of stuff.
Dave So, you mean that if I’d like to get a smartphone I would have to work harder?
Kim That’s right, Dave! In other words, If money for essentials was the same for everyone, life would be
fairer.
Dave Ok, ok. I see what you mean.
 2. MATCH THE SENTENCES HALVES AND TELL A CLASSMATE IF THEY ARE TRUE FOR
YOU.

1. If I needed some money… _____ a. I’d give half of my money to charity.

2. If I were the richest person in the world… _____ b. If my parents were rich.
3. I’d invest lots of money in education… _____ c. I wouldn’t be able to stay in touch with friends.
4. I wouldn’t go to school… _____ d. If I were the president of my country.
5. If I didn’t have a smart phone… _____ e. I’d borrow it from my parents.

3. COMPLETE THE “SAVING MONEY TIPS” WITH

YOUR OWN IDEAS.

1. If you ate ______________________________________________

2. If you bought cheaper ______________________________________________
3. If you shared______________________________________________
4. If you filled up ______________________________________________
5. If you didn’t go to ______________________________________________very
often

4. THINK ABOUT THE QUESTIONS BELOW AND MAKE NOTES.

... there were no shops in your town?

... you found a credit card dropped on the floor?
What would you do if...…
if... ... the shop assistant gave you too much change?
... you saw someone stealing in a shop?
... you urgently needed some money to pay the rent?

5. LISTEN TO TWO PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT WHICH OF THEIR POSSESSIONS

THEY WOULD SELL TO GET SOME MONEY TO HELP UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE IN
THEIR TOWN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW.

1. Why is Jenny unhappy?

a) she doesn’t have money b) some people don’t have money c) Dave has lost his job
for essentials
2. How does Dave feel about Jenny?
a) upset b) worried c) happy

3. What do they suggest to do?

a) to sell some of their belongings b) to give money to the c) to tell them to look for a job
unemployed people

4. How do they both feel about the idea?

a) positive b) pessimistic c) worried

5. What relationship do Jenny and Dave have?

a) friends b) brother and sister c) school mates
6. IMAGINE YOU DON’T HAVE ANY MONEY TO PAY THE UNIVERSITY FEES AND YOU
NEED TO SELL SOME OF YOUR POSSESSIONS. WHICH WOULD YOU SELL AND WHY?

IN PAIRS LOOK AT THE ITEMS BELOW AND DISCUSS WHICH THREE YOU WOULD GET
RID OF TO GET SOME MONEY TO PAY THE UNIVERSITY FEES AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU
WOULD STOP HAVING THOSE POSSESSIONS.

LESSON E AN OPINION ESSAY.

1. READ THE WRITING TASK AND THINK ABOUT THREE POSSIBLE WAYS YOU COULD
SPEND ONE MILLION PESOS.

If you had one million pesos, but you were not allowed to spend it on
yourself, what would you do with it? Write an essay including three ideas
giving reasons for your choices and mention what the results would be.
 2. READ THE SAMPLE ESSAY. DOES IT SAY ANY IDEAS YOU WERE THINKING OF?
WHICH DO YOU THINK IS THE BEST IDEA? DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER.

If I had $1 million pesos, I would go crazy and find myself in trouble thinking about how to spend that
money. However, I am sure I would spend that money properly on things that will really have a
positive impact.
First of all, I would donate half of the money to the local hospital, I know they urgently need some
medical equipment, so they could get that equipment easily and help a lot of people if I gave them
that money.
Secondly, I would invest the 25% of that money in the local school. The classrooms in that school are
quite old and useless, I think if they used that money to get new equipment and renewed the
classrooms, students would be very happy.
Finally, I would use the rest of that money to donate it to a local sport center, I think it is important
for people to have a good place to exercise and relax. Being healthy is part of being happy.
To sum up, what I really want to do with that money is to improve people’s life in different ways. I
hope these ideas could really help. It is not easy to decide what to do with that money, but it would
be really rewarding.

3. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PARAGRAPH.

1. How many paragraphs are there?

2. In which paragraph does the writer refer to the three ideas on how to spend the money?
3. How does the writer finish the essay?

Writing Strategy

When you write, avoid beginning your sentences with the same words, you can use a variety of expressions for
introducing opinions (It seems to me…, In my opinion…,etc.) and for making additional points (Moreover…, What
is more…, etc.), or use concession clauses (although… / even though…) at the beginning of a sentence.

4. IMAGINE THAT YOU HAVE $1 MILLION PESOS BUT YOU COULD NOT SPEND IT ON
YOURSELF. THINK OF THREE IDEAS TO SPEND IT. USE THE CHART BELOW TO MAKE
NOTES.

IDEAS Effect the money would have Reasons for your choice

1. (50%)

2. (30%)

3. (20%)
 5. WRITE AN ESSAY USING YOUR PLAN FROM EXERCISE 4.
MAKE SURE YOU INCLUDE AN INTRODUCTION AND A
CONCLUSION LIKE THE SAMPLE ESSAY IN EXERCISE 2.

• Say what you would spend half of the money on.

• Decide how you would spend the rest of the money.
• Explain what effect your ideas would have.
• Support your ideas.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
 UNIT 10Test

GRAMMAR /5

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

1. If I were you, I ______________ buy that chair, it is too expensive.

a) if b) would c) wouldn’t
2. If I had a lot of money, I _______________ spend it on travelling, that’s my passion.
a) if b) would c) wouldn’t
3. I would help you if I _____________ free, but I am a bit busy now.
a) if b) were c) was
4. We would go to the movies _____________ we weren’t in quarantine.
a) if b) were c) was
5. If you weren’t that rude, you would _______________ a promotion.
a) was b) were c) get

VOCABULARY /5

2. WRITE THE WORDS THAT ARE MISSING IN THE SENTENCES.

Superman has 1. _________________, he can cure his wounds immediately.

Sometimes I think my mom has 2. ___________________ power, she can make do things even when don’t want to
do them.

When I am with my family I would like to have 3. ______________ power and stop the time in that moment.

Cooperate with the WHO to help them stop 4. _______________ in poor African countries without enough food.
/ 10
In the area of Tula, 5. ________________ is a great problem, they have a lot of fog during the day.
 READING / 10

3. READ THE TEXT AND WRITE ON THE LINES THE SUBTITLES IN THE BOX.

A tragedy on the coast Ownership change Brief town’s overview The engines’ journey

1. ___________________________________________________

Sitting at an altitude of 2,700 meters, Real del Monte is a pretty town in the Mexican state of Hidalgo. But with
its architecture, heritage of silver mining and meat pasties, it is also a little slice of Cornwall, a region in the
southwest of England.

2. ___________________________________________________

The silver mines surrounding Real del Monte were the source of more than half the silver produced during the
300 years that Spain ruled Mexico (1521–1821). By 1824, however, they were in bad condition, and were bought
by a group of English investors.

3. ___________________________________________________

To get the mines working again, the investors formed the Company of the Gentlemen Adventurers in the Mines
of Real del Monte, and recruited more than 130 miners and engineers from Cornwall. When they arrived a year
later in Veracruz, some never got any further, falling victim to an outbreak of yellow fever.

4. ___________________________________________________

It took the others more than a year to reach Real del Monte, pulling their Cornish steam engines through mars-
hes and rainforests with the help of donkeys. The famous engines were used to drain the water in the Cornish
mines and would do the same job in Mexico, the mines in Pachuca and Real del Monte (officially Mineral del
Monte since 1869) had long been flooded and badly needed modernizing.

Adapted from: https://theconversation.com/the-history-of-real-del-monte-mexicos-little-slice-of-cornwall-83117

4. READ THE STATEMENTS AND DECIDE IF THEY ARE TRUE OR FALSE ACCORDING TO THE
TEXT.

1. Real del Monte has a strong British influence. T F

2. Spanish took good care of the mines. T F
3. Many British citizens died before starting to work. T F
4. I was easy to transport machines to this town. T F
5. Real del Monte is not the town’s official name T F
6. This is a good place to visit. T F
 LISTENING / 10

5. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. What is the relationship between the speakers?

2. Who travels the most?

3. Is “Feria de la Fruta” a common thing to see? Why?

4. Did one of them had a great time recently?

5. What is a problem for them to visit Grutas de Tolantogo?

6. How many sculptures are mentioned? Where are they located?

7. Who has visited Grutas de Tolantongo before?

WRITING / 10

6. WRITE A TEXT FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS.

Imagine that you become the president of your country for a day, what actions would you do? Write about it,
remember to use the second conditional; your text should be from 130 to 160 words.
 SPEAKING / 10
7. ASK ONE OF YOUR CLASSMATES WHAT THEY WOULD DO IN THESE POSSIBLE
SITUATIONS, THEN SWITCH ROLES.

• Example:
Win the lottery. Q: What would you do if you won the lottery?
Find a bag full of money.
A: If I won the lottery I would buy a big house and a Ferrari.
Obtain a superpower.
Be a teacher.
Travel anywhere.

TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

99
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 1

SIMPLE PRESENT.

• Use the present simple to talk about:

1. Actions in our daily 2. Likes or dislikes 3. Facts that are always

routine true

• She visits Real del Monte • We like regional • A year lasts 365 days
every weekend. chocolate. • A day lasts 34 hours
• They don't go to Pachuca • She doesn't like typical
on Mondays. food.

• Affirmative
+
The present simple affirmative form consists of the infinitive for subjects I, you, we and they.

I / You visit
Real del Monte every year
We / You / They visit

Add -s to the base form of the verb for sentences where the subject is he, she and it.

He visits Real del Monte every month.

She loves chocolate.
It includes a lot of exercises.

• Negative
-
Form the present simple negative form with:
subject (I, you, we, they) + do not/ don't + base form
subject (he, she, it) + does not / doesn't + base form

• Negative Full Form • Negative Short Form

I / You do I / You don't

not visit Real visit Real del

He / She / It does del Monte He / She / It doesn't Monte every
every month. month.
We / You / We / You /
do don't
They They
 • Questions
?
1. Form present simple questions with:
do + subject (I, you, we, they) + base form
does + subject (he, she, it) + base form

2. Form present simple positive short answers with:

Yes, I / you / we / they + do.
Yes, he / she / it + does.

3. Form present simple negative short answers with:

No, I / you / we / they + don't.
No, he / she / it + doesn't.

Do I / You
visit Real del Monte
Does He / She / It
every weekend?
Do We / You / They

• Positive Short Answers • Positive Short Answers

Yes, I / You do No, I / You don´t

Yes, He / She / It does No, He / She / It doesn´t

Yes, We / You / They do No, We / You / They don´t

1. CHANGE THE SENTENCES FROM POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE AND VICE VERSA.

1. Emilio learns history about his state in his school.

Emilio does not learn history about his state in his school.

2. People regularly visit Zimapan during summer.

3. Every year, Santiago de Anaya celebrates a fantastic gastronomic fair.

4. In Apan, Hidalgo, Charreria belongs to local folklore.

5. In Valle del Mezquital people scrape agave to obtain Pulque.

6. Pulque helps the immune system and also is an antioxidant.

7. Hidalguenses eat pastes of different typical dishes.

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

• Adverbs of frequency in simple present are used to say how often an action happens.

• To ask someone about the frequency they do an activity, we use the question word “how + often”:
How often do you go to the cinema?

• Put adverbs of frequency before the main verb…

I always listen to Mexican regional
…but after the verb to be.
I'm usually at home in the afternoons.

100% 95% 60% 30% 0%

always usually often sometimes never

Once: one time Twice: two times

2. COMPLETE THE CONVERSATIONS WITH THE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY IN THE BOX.

1. Carlos: How _______________ do you travel to the mountains of Hidalgo?

Brenda: I go there _______________ because I go to visit my parents.
2. Karla: Those cars _______________ look different. They have logos from Hidalgo.
Erik: Yes, they pass here at least _______________, there’s a famous car shop around the corner, that’s why.
3. Alan: Why do they _______________ argue about the same topic? It is very repetitive!
4. Bertha: I really like the library in my town, I _______________ find what I’m looking for.
Adriana: My story is different, I _______________ find useful information.
5. Juan: She _______________ talks about herself, do you know why?
Roberto: Yes, she _______________ does it because she doesn’t speak Spanish.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

The present continuous tense is used to talk about

• Actions happening right now • Temporary situations
I am doing my homework, please be quiet. We are taking lesson at home this term because of the
pandemic.
• Affirmative
We form a sentence in present continuous tense with Subject + auxiliary verb “to be” + verb in gerund (ing form)

+ - ?
• Affirmative • Negative • Interrogative

• I am taking piano lessons
• She is living abroad now
• We are having a
videoconference.
• I am not reading that • Are you taking online
book; you can borrow it. lessons?
• She is not studying now; • Is she watching a movie?
she starts in September.
• They are not working
because the factory is
closed for inventory.
 3. PUT THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER.

1. for / living / is / in Huichapan / mother / my / her job

2. favorite / her / cheering / at the stadium / she / is / team

3. the museum / remodelating / the government / is

4. I / family / dinner / having / am / my / with

5. touristic / visiting / not / People / attractions / are

6. reading / I / make / noise, / am / don't

SIMPLE PRESENT VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

• We use the Simple Present to describe routines, likes and dislikes, general facts, or states. We use the
Present Continuous to describe actions happening now and temporary situations.

For Present Simple Use = subject + verb / For Present Continuous use = subject + be + verb-ing.

• Simple Present • Simple Present

Used for routines (the things people do Used for something happening now:
every day or very often)
• Harry is watching his favorite TV show
• I wash the dishes every day. (right now).
• Don't interrupt. We're studying.
Used for likes and dislikes and with the
verbs like, love, hate, can’t stand, don’t Used to talk about temporary
mind and enjoy. situations:

• I like going to the movies with many • I'm taking a dance lesson this month.
friends. • My brother is living in Chicago this
year.
Used for facts that are generally true at
Lorem ipsum Use the present continuous with now,
all times:
at this moment, this week, these days,
• Doctors help patients. etc.

Use the present simple with adverbs of • This week, we're going out every
frequency. evening.

• People usually stand on the right side

on the escalator.
 4. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.

1. I ____________________ (try) to upload the software to my robot.

2. Students ____________________ (use) their cell phones to search for technological gadgets.
3. I always ____________________ (do) my house chores in the evening but today I ____________________ (study) for my
computing test.
4. They ____________________ (working) in El cedral for this summer and they ____________________ (say) it’s awesome.
5. She ____________________ (live) in Tulancingo for this year, I can’t ____________________ (wait) to see her.
6. Summer regularly ____________________ (bring) tourists to our magic town but weather conditions
____________________ (affect) our state.

Stative Verbs

• Many verbs do not describe an action. Examples include be and hate. These verbs are called stative verbs.
We usually use stative verbs in the simple present tense, NOT in the present continuous.

• Stative verbs include most verbs that discuss what you know, think, or feel: I love this cake, what you believe:
l believe in her, what you see or hear: I hear a noise!

• What you own: I have a dog, or just ways of being: I am enthusiastic. They don't talk about actions.

• More stative verbs include: appear, have, hear, look, miss, see, smell, taste, think and weigh.

1. I am believing social aspects are improving in Hidalgo.

I believe social aspects are improving in Hidalgo.

2. I think I am knowing your state more and more.

3. It is appearing to me that we are facing the digital era.

4. I am having a new computer at home. What about you?

5. What is that smell? It is smelling really bad.

6. I am hearing how the water is coming down from the basaltic prisms.
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 2

GOING TO

• Use going to to make predictions for the future when you know or when you can
see that something is going to happen based on an evidence.
She is going to have a baby in January. / Look at that car! It’s going to crash into the building.
Structure:

• Affirmative full form

1st person I am

2nd person You are going to present a report

3rd person He / She / It is tomorrow.

Plurals We / You / They are

• Affirmative short form

1st person I ‘m

2nd person You ‘re going to present a report

3rd person He / She / It ‘s tomorrow.

Plurals We / You / They ‘re

• Negative full form

1st person I am not

2nd person You are not going to present a report

3rd person He / She / It is not tomorrow.

Plurals We / You / They are not

• Negative short form

1st person I ‘m not

2nd person You aren’t going to present a report

3rd person He / She / It isn’t tomorrow.

Plurals We / You / They aren’t

• Affirmative short form

1st person Am I

2nd person Are You going to present a report

3rd person Is He / She / It tomorrow?

Plurals Are We / You / They

 1. WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN? WRITE A SENTENCE FOR EACH PICTURE.

The ship / hit / the rock.

He / fall / of his skateboard

It / rain / today.

He / miss / her.

WILL

• Use will to make predictions for the future or when we express beliefs about the future with no evidence

about it.
It will be a nice day tomorrow. / I think Brazil will win the World Cup.
STRUCTURE:

• Affirmative full form

1st person I will

2nd person You will

go to the party tomorrow.
3rd person He / She / It will

Plurals We / You / They will

• Affirmative short form

1st person I will

2nd person You will

go to the party tomorrow.
3rd person He / She / It will

Plurals We / You / They will

 • Negative full form

1st person I ‘ll

2nd person You ‘ll

go to the party tomorrow.
3rd person He / She / It ‘ll

Plurals We / You / They ‘ll

• Negative short form

1st person I ‘will not

2nd person You will not

go to the party tomorrow.
3rd person He / She / It will not

Plurals We / You / They will not

• Affirmative short form

1st person Will I

2nd person Will You

go to the party tomorrow?
3rd person Will He / She / It

Plurals Will We / You / They

2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS FROM THE BOX.

love rain wear send win buy

1. She _____________________________ her uniform tomorrow.

2. I _____________________________ you forever.
3. The boss _____________________________ an email.
4. My brother _____________________________ the food for the dinner.
5. It _____________________________ tonight.
6. My team _____________________________ the match.

3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN

BRACKETS.

1. I missed the bus. I _____________________________ (arrive) late to the office.

2. This magazine says. I _____________________________ (meet) a beautiful girl.
3. Look those black clouds. It _____________________________ (rain) in any moment.
4. I think my mother _____________________________ (make) the dinner tonight.
5. I’m really tired, I _____________________________ (sleep) till late tomorrow.
6. The lines on my hand say that I _____________________________ (live) more than 100 years.
PARALLEL STRUCTURE

• Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same
level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel
structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as and or or.
Example:

• Parallel:
• Parallel:
I think I’ll take a long nap, go fishing, or swim in the
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.
river.

• Not Parallel:
• Not Parallel:
I think I’ll take a long nap, go fishing, or swimming in
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
the river.

• Its grammatical form can be used with a variety of structures including infinitives and ing form.
Correct: Every morning, we make our bed, eat breakfast and feed the dog.
Incorrect: Every morning, we make our bed, eating breakfast and feed the dog.

• Parallel structure with words that end in -ing.

Correct: Joe likes running, walking and being active.
Incorrect: Joe likes running, walking and outdoor activities.

3. IDENTIFY THE MISTAKE AND WRITE THE CORRECT SENTENCE.

1. Melisa enjoys hanging out with friends, take photos, and eating pizza.
2. Elena and Santiago usually take the bus to school, have their classes, and going back on foot.
3. Charlie is watching a TV show, painting his house and has video classes during the pandemic.
4. My sister goes to the gym, have English classes, and takes music classes.

1.
2.
3.
4.
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 3

PRESENT PERFECT

We use the Present Perfect tense to talk about: • Life experiences.

• Events that started in the past and continue in the Sharon has eaten traditional food from Huasca.
present.
I have studied English for six months.

Past Present Future

Past Present Future

• Affirmative form

• Subject + have/has + verb (past participle) + complement.

Maria has seen that movie.
My parents have visited Los Atlantes in Tula.

We use “already” for affirmative sentences to talk about something that happened before now.
• Subject + have/has + already + verb (past participle) + complement.
I have already done my homework.

We use “just” in affirmative sentences to indicate that something happened a short time before.
• Subject + have/has + just + verb (past participle) + complement.
I have just had breakfast.

• Negative form

• Subject + have/has not + verb (past participle) + complement.

They have not (haven’t) done their homework.
He has not (hasn’t) eaten chinicuiles.

We use “never” in affirmative sentences with a negative intention, it means “at no time in the past”
and it substitutes “not”.
• Subject + have/has + never + verb (past participle) + complement.
John and Alfred have never gone birdwaching.

We use “yet” with negative sentences to talk about something that has not happened but we expect
to happen.
• Subject + have/has not + verb (past participle) + complement + yet.
He has not finished his project yet.

We use “still” in negative sentences to talk about something that has not happened but that we
expected to happen soon.
• Subject + still + have/has not + verb (past participle) + complement.
She still hasn’t eaten.
 • Yes/No Questions

Have/Has + Subject + verb (past participle) + complement?

Have you studied for the exam?

We use “yet” with questions to talk about something that has not happened but that we expected to
happen.
• Have/Has + Subject + verb (past participle) + complement + yet?
Have you seen the movie yet?

We use “ever” in questions, and it means “at any time in the past”.
• Have/Has + Subject + ever + verb (past participle) + complement?
Have you ever played chess?

• Wh-Questions

• Wh- Q + have/has + Subject + verb (past participle) + complement?

What have you done?

We use “for” to indicate the amount of time the activity took.

Mary has studied English for 2 years.

We use “since” to indicate the action began.

Mary has studied English since 2018

1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS IN THE PARETHESES IN THE

CORRECT FORM.
Mark: Hey! ______________ ever ______________ visit) “Prismas Basálticos” in Hidalgo?
Robert: No I ______________ (be) there yet.
Mark: You should go, it is a beautiful place, I used to go often with my family, but then we moved and I
______________ (travel / not) for a long time.
Robert: So, you are not from here?
Mark: No, I used to live in Pachuca but then we moved here, to Tula, I ______________ (live) since six years ago.
Robert: Oh I see, I ______________ (leave / not) my hometown, I hope to do it soon to see new things.
Mark: I’m sure you will.

2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH ONE OF THESE WORDS EVER, NEVER, FOR OR
SINCE.
1. Have you _________________ had picnics in the forest?
2. They have played together as a band _________________ five years.
3. I haven’t seen a UFO _________________ I was 15 years.
4. I have _________________ gone birdwatching.
5. Have you _________________ suffered from chicken pox?
6. Laura hasn’t written a post in her blog _________________ last month.
7. Has he _________________ won a chess contest?
8. Have you _________________ tried a delicacy dish?
9. I have fished trout _________________ a long time.
10. My great grandfather has been in the graveyard _________________ 1990.
 3. CHOOSE THE WORD THAT BEST COMPLETES EACH SENTENCE.

1. Are you _____ here? Didn't you have to attend a meeting at 6:00?
a) yet b) still c) already d) just
2. I feel sorry about Jenny. She hasn’t been to Paris ____. She would really like to visit it.
a) yet b) still c) already d) just
3. Ca you believe it? My friends have ____ finished the exam. It took them a few minutes.
a) yet b) still c) already d) just
4. You can’t be hungry again. You’ve _____ had a T-bone for lunch.
a) yet b) still c) already d) just
5. Oh my God! It’s already 7:00a.m. and Mary _____ hasn’t arrived to school.
a) yet b) still c) already d) just
6. John and Kate have _____ gotten married. You can call them Mr. And Mrs. Smith.
a) yet b) still c) already d) just
7. Jeff hasn’t quit his job at school ____. He continues working there; I saw him in the morning.
a) yet b) still c) already d) just
8. Minutes become longer than hours when you ______ haven’t finished your homework and you want to go
out.
a) yet b) still c) already d) just
9. Where is Susan? She’s _____ left; she was here a minute ago.
a) yet b) still c) already d) just
10. Have you eaten ______? I´m really hungry, and I´m in the mood for tacos.
a) yet b) still c) already d) just

4. COMPLETE THE RULES WITH THE WORDS FROM THE BOX AND WRITE 1 EXAMPLE
FOR EACH ONE.

or already since just still yet

1. We use the word _______________ in affirmative sentences with present perfect to emphasize that an action
was completed.

2. We use the word _______________ in questions or negative sentences to emphasize that an action hasn’t been
completed but will be completed in the time to come.

3. We use the word _______________ in affirmative sentences to indicate that an action was completed a short
time before the present.

4. We use the word _______________ to express the duration of an action that began in the past and continues in
the present in years, months, days, hours or even minutes and seconds.

5. We use the word _______________ to express the starting point of an action that began in the past and
continues in the present.

6. We use the word _______________ right after the subject to indicate that an action hasn’t been completed and
it’s taking longer than what we expected.
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 4

PAST SIMPLE
Uses:
• We use the Past Simple to talk about:

Actions that happened in the past and we emphasize when and where they happened. We use time
expression as last night, yesterday, two days ago, etc.
I moved to Tula Last Year.

Past Present Future

• When the action started in the past and has already finished. Actions one after the other.
I woke up, then I took a shower and after that I had breakfast.

Past Present Future

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

We use the Present Perfect Simple to talk about:

• The importance of what happened in the past, we don’t need to know when or where it happened.
Sophie has been to Pachuca.

Past Present Future

• Actions that started in the past but they are still true in the present.
We have studied English for two months.

Past Present Future

 1. READ THE TEXT AND IDENTIFY THE SENTENCES IN PAST SIMPLE AND PRESENT
PERFECT, THEN WRITE THEM IN THE CHART BELOW.

Hi my name is Robert Straffon, I am from Real del Monte, my great-grandfather was an

English miner, he came from Cornwall, UK. He used to tell my grandfather many
stories and legends about this beautiful place. Actually, my father has told us many of
them too. The most remarkable story for me is “The English Clown” whose name was
Richard Bell, he came to Mexico by himself because he didn’t achieve fame in England,
he installed a circus in the area and people loved him; therefore, he asked to be buried
in the English Cemetery and his tomb is the only one whose back has been set in
direction to England.

People say that the English Clown’s soul has wandered every night through the
cemetery since the day he died and that he just makes himself visible to the people
who are pure of spirit making them laugh with funny jokes, but those whose heart is
evil, see spooky shadows and hear eerie sounds that makes them feel terrified.

SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT

He came from Cornwall

2. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

1. I visited/have visited Huasca last month.

2. Have you heard/Did you hear legends of Hidalgo?
3. I have seen/seen goblins in my garden.
4. They don’t think Rosa has seen/saw a witch yesterday.
5. We travelled/have travelled to Real del Monte many times this year.
6. Diego has already visited/already visited this mine twice this month.
7. Have I told/Did I tell you the legend of “La Aparecida” the last time we met?
8. They have never returned/didn’t return to the cemetery since that day.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

The reflexive pronouns are used when:

• The subject and the object refer to the same person.

• We want to emphasize who did the action.

• We add the preposition “by” before the reflexive pronoun when we want to mention that the subject did the
action alone.
We don’t use reflexive pronouns after: Subject Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun
I Myself
• Verbs which describe what people usually do for
You Yourself
themselves or routines, for example:
He Himself
- I take a shower.
- She brushes her teeth. She Herself
It Itself
• Prepositions of place. They Ourselves
We Ourselves
You Yourselves
They Themselves

3. FIND THE MISTAKE RELATED TO REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS AND REWRITE THE

SENTENCES IN THE SPACE PROVIDED.

SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT

1. She can’t solve the equation itself because it’s

very difficult!

2. Yesterday I spilled coffee on herself!

3. He actually loves eating myself, he doesn’t like

company.

4. Mary burned itself with the matches.

5. The dog hurt herself playing.

6. She can’t solve the equation itself because it’s

very difficult!

7. We can do the task himself, wo don’t need any

help.

8. My grandma can’t turn on my computer myself.

9. Victor, Mary, you can work on the project your-

self, I trust you.

10. Elias taught by himself how to fix cars.

 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 5

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Adjectives are words that we use to describe nouns (objects, people, places, and
other things).

That is a pretty house.

She wrote a beautiful poem.
Their dog is big.

• Adverbs are words that usually describe actions (verbs) and adjectives and also other adverbs.

She walked home slowly.

We usually go camping on Sundays.
The tower was incredibly tall.

• Adverbs that describe actions, can be easily identified because they normally respond to the questions
how, when, where, why, to what extent, and how often.

How does she walk? She walks slowly.

When are you coming home? I’m coming home soon.

• Adverbs that describe adjectives usually respond to the question how+ adjective.

How tall is the tower? It is incredibly tall.

• Many adverbs are formed by adding “-ly” at the end of some adjectives, if the adjective ends in “-e”, we
eliminate it and add “-ly”, if the adjective ends in “y”, we substitute the “-y” by an “i” and add “-ly”

Adjective Adverb

Easy Easily

Incredible Incredibly

Slow Slowly

Beautiful Beautifully

Normal Normally

• Even though most adjectives can be transformed into adverbs by adding “-ly” there are a few we call
“Irregular” that do not take “-ly” to become adverbs such as:

Adjective Adverb

Good Well

Hard Hard

Fast Fast

Early Early

Wrong Wrongly/Wrong

Late Late
• Note that in spite of the fact that “Lately” and “Hardly” exist as words, their intention is different from
“Hard” and “Late” as adverbs.
• It is also important to mention that irregular adverbs are only a few but as you already know there are other
adverbs like “yet” “already” “ever” “never” “still” or “just” that do not come from adjectives.

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

When we need to compare two things, places or people (nouns) we need to create the comparative form of
adjectives, to do this there are rules that we normally follow, no matter the kind of adjective, we always use the
word “than” after the comparative adjective.

Rules Examples

When adjectives are one syllable long, we add -er at Nice-Nicer than…
the end, if the adjective already ends in -e, we only Small-Smaller than…
ad -r, Cheap- Cheaper than…

When adjectives are one syllable long and they are Fat - Fatter than…
formed by a Consonant, a Vowel and a Consonant, Big- Bigger than…
(CVC) we double the last consonant and add -er. Hot- Hotter than…

When adjectives are two or more syllables long, we Intelligent- More intelligent than…
DO NOT add -er, but instead we use the word “more” Indulgent- More indulgent than…
before the adjective, like in Spanish. Conceited- More conceited than…

When adjectives end in -y, we substitute the -y with Pretty- Prettier than…
and -i and add -er. In this case, the number of sylla- Happy- Happier than…
bles is unimportant. Unhealthy- Unhealthier than…

There are irregular adjectives this means that to Good- Better than..
from the comparative we do not follow the previous Bad- Worse than…
rules, they transform into different words that we Far- Farther/Further than…
need to memorize. Fun- More fun than…

• When we compare two things objects or people, we normally use the following structure: Subject + verb +
comparative adjective+ than+ object.
Rosa is older than Ricardo / Ixmiquilpan is hotter than Real del Monte. / Water is healthier than soda.
Aiko is more intelligent than Mario. / You are better than me at tennis.
• When we compare how actions are or were performed, we use the comparative form of adverbs, the rules
we follow are:

Rules Examples

For adjectives ending in “-ly” use the word “more” Slowly - More slowly…
before them. Intensely - More intensely…
Nicely - More nicely…
Irregular adverbs which do not end in “-ly” use “-er” Fast- faster
at the end. Hard- harder
Late- later
Some other irregular adverbs do not take “-er” at the Badly-worse
end to form the comparative. Far- farther/further
Well- better

Ana, please speak more slowly! / Can you run faster? / That actor did it worse than the first one.
EQUALITY AND INEQUALITY

• When we compare two things, people or places, we can emphasize that they are equal in a characteristic or
that they are not equal, to do this, we follow this structure: subject + verb + as + adjective in simple form + as
+ object.

Rosa is as tall as Ricardo. This means that Rosa and Ricardo are equally tall.
Ricardo is not as old as Rosa. This means that Rosa and Ricardo are not equally old, we can use the comparative
form here to give further detail: Ricardo is not as old as Rosa, Rosa is older than him.

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

• When we need to compare three or more things, places or people (nouns) in order to indicate which is the
“number one” in a category, we need to create the superlative form of adjectives, to do this there are rules
that we normally follow.

Rules Examples

When adjectives are one syllable long, we add the Nice- The nicest…
article “The” before it and -est at the end, if the Small-The smallest…
adjective already ends in -e, we only ad -st. Cheap- The cheapest…

When adjectives are one syllable long and they are Fat - The fattest…
formed by a Consonant, a Vowel and a Consonant, Big- The biggest…
(CVC) we double the last consonant and add -est, Hot- The hottest…
we also add “The” before the adjective.

When adjectives are two or more syllables long, we Intelligent-The most intelligent…
DO NOT add -est, but instead we use the words “The Indulgent- The most indulgent…
most” before the adjective, like in Spanish. Conceited- The most conceited…

When adjectives end in -y, we substitute the -y with Pretty- The prettiest…
and -i and add -est. In this case, the number of sylla- Happy- The happiest…
bles is unimportant. Unhealthy- The unhealthiest…

There are irregular adjectives this means that to

Good- The best..
from the superlative, we do not follow the previous
Bad- The worst…
rules, we need to memorize them, however it is
Far- The farthest /furthest…
necessary to include the article “The” before the
Fun- The most fun…
adjective.

• When we compare three or more things objects or people, in order to decide which is the “number one” in
a category, we normally use the following structure: Subject + verb+ superlative adjective + noun + reference
group.

Rosa is the oldest person in the classroom. / Ixmiquilpan is the hottest place in the region.
Water is the healthiest thing you can drink. / Aiko is the most intelligent girl I’ve ever met.
You are the best tennis player at school.

• When we compare using superlatives, we usually use a reference group, if we do not mention it, it is norma-
lly implied, reference groups can be physical (locations) or they can be our own experience, some physical
reference groups include: At school, At home, At work, In the office , In the state, In Hidalgo, In Mexico, In
The country, In the world, In the classroom, On the Internet, etcetera.

• We can also use our own experience as a reference group, to do this we normally use the present perfect
and the adverb “ever”: I’ve ever seen, I’ve ever been to, I’ve ever heard, I’ve ever eaten, etcetera. We can also
use expressions like: that you can + verb.

• Additionally we can use the phrases one of the / some of the before the superlative adjective to indicate
that there is a “top” of things and that the one we talk about is part of it:

Tulancingo is one of the most developed cities in Hidalgo.

Guajolotes are some of the tastiest dishes you can eat in Hidalgo.

• When we say which actions are or were the “number one” or the most intense, we use the superlative form
of adverbs, the rules we follow are:

Rules Examples

Slowly- The most slowly…

For adjectives ending in “-ly” use the word “The
Intensly- The most intensely…
most” before them.
Nicely- The most nicely…

Fast- The fastest…

Irregular adverbs which do not end in “-ly” use “-est” Hard- The hardest…
at the end. Late- The latest…

Badly-the worst
Some other irregular adverbs do not take “-est” at
Far- The farthest/furthest
the end to form the comparative.
Well- The best

Ana ran the slowest! That’s why she lost the race.
Victor ate the fastest, that’s why he felt sick.
That actor did it the worst.
 1. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CHART BY TURNING THE ADJECTIVES INTO THE
FOLLOWING FORMS.

Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form Adverb

happy

good

slow

intense

interesting

good

bad

2. COMPLETE THE STATEMENTS WITH THE SUPERLATIVE FORM OF THE WORDS IN THE
BOX.

Bright Hot Cold Large Hospitable Intensely Tall Near Reflective Far

1. Venus is _____________________ planet in the solar system.

2. The earth is _________________________ planet in the solar system.
3. Venus is the planet that shines _____________________ in the solar system.
4. Neptune is the _____________________ planet from the sun.
5. Olympus Mons on Mars is _____________________ mountain in the solar system.
6. The sun is not _____________________ star in the Milky Way.
7. Andromeda is _____________________ galaxy to the Milky Way.
8. Ganymede and Titan are the two _____________________ natural satellites in the solar system.
9. The white icy surface of Enceladus makes it one of the _____________________ bodies in the solar system.
10. The south pole of the moon, Pluto and Triton are some of the _____________________ places in the solar system.

3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT COMPARATIVE FORM OF THE

WORDS IN BRACKETS.

1. The Tephé is ___________ ___________ (crowded) in summer ___________ in winter.

2. Sonia feels ___________ ___________ (good) yesterday, the rest help her.
3. Huichapan has a ______________ (hot) weather ___________ Pachuca.
4. I have to take my decisions ___________ ___________ (carefully).
5. Which town do you think is ___________ ___________ (picturesque), Real del Monte or Huasca de Ocampo?
6. Sofía dances ___________ ___________ ___________ (beautifully) Carolina.
7. This movie is ___________ ___________ ___________ (fun) the one we saw last week.
8. The students answered the test ___________ ___________ ___________ (quickly) last partial.
9. Ricardo’s car is ___________ ___________ (fast) Juan’s car.
10. Group A behaves ___________ ___________ (bad) group B.
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 6

MODAL VERBS

Modal vebs are different from regular verbs and are used for different functions and
they are presented in these charts.

ABILITY/ INABILITY/ PERMISSION

PRESENT PAST
CAN-CAN´T / AM-IS-ARE (NOT) COULD- COULDN´T / WAS -WERE (NOT)
ABLE TO ABLE TO

• My sister can speak four languages. • My grandfather could run on marathons

• Maria is able to perform clown tricks.
• Mike is able to make amazing draws.
• Raul is not able to drive so fast.
when he was younger.
• Santiago was able to make an origami
figure at 5 years old.
• Marian could get a better job
• Lili couldn’t cook the cake

OBLIGATION

HAVE TO MUST

We use have to for expressing external We use must, to express personal obligation,
obligations in present or future: duty or assumption in present or future:

• The policemen have to wear uniforms. • I must clean my room to become an

• The new student has to be here early. organized person.

PROHIBITION

MUST NOT / MUSTN’T

Expresses prohibition in the present or future.

• You mustn’t turn on the cellphone on a take-up flight.

• You mustn’t keep your hands dirty.
• We must not smoke in the school, it is forbidden.
• Our school lab must not have the door open during practices.
• In basketball, players must not kick the ball, it is against the rules.
NO OBLIGATIONS

DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO

Expresses that the action is not an obligation or a prohibition, it is a choice.

• You don’t have to help me with my homework if you are too busy.
• My clothes don’t have to be expensive to be nice.
• The cat doesn’t have to come into the house every night, he can sleep outside.

ADVICE/OPINION

SHOULD, SHOULDN’T, OUGHT (NOT) TO

You should read the new version about that old book

• We use them to ask for and give advice:

Should I ask Juan to help me with this exercise?

• WE USE THEM TO EXPRESS OPINION:

Manuel should be more careful when he drives his motorcycle.

• WE USE THEM TO MAKE A SUGGESTION:

You should really go hiking to Peñas Cargadas in Hidalgo. It´s great!

• WE USE THEM TO EXPRESS MILD OBLIGATION:

The whole class ought to attend the ZOOM’s conference on time.
 1. READ THE SENTENCES AND COMPLETE WITH THE CORRECT MODAL AND USE THE
VERBS IN PARENTHESIS.

1. Last week we ____________________ swimming, this week we can't. (to go)

2. Maybe the Smiths ____________________ a new house next year. (to build)
3. If you try hard, you ____________________ your examinations. (to pass)
4. When I was five, I ____________________. (to swim)
5. Dennis ____________________ the trumpet after four months. (to play)
6. Luke has not passed his driving test, now he ____________________ a car. (to drive)
7. I ____________________ to him on the phone for three weeks last month. (not/to speak)
8. Alex ____________________ his homework when his desk is in such a mess. (to do)
9. They were so busy, they____________________ me. (to text)
10. Lisa ____________________ her dress. She can wear it again. (to clean)

2. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH MUST – MUSTN’T OR DON’T /DOESN’T HAVE TO

1. I ____________________ eat junk food if I want to be healthy.

2. You ____________________ bring your lap, we can borrow one from the library.
3. I ____________________ be careful during the exam. Otherwise, I can’t be successful.
4. We ____________________ cross the road when it's a red light
5. You ____________________ wear a uniform at this school, it is your choice.
6. My mother ____________________ get up too early. Because she doesn’t work.
7. I ____________________ inform my boss that I will be late to work.
8. You ____________________ eat this, I can cook something else for you.
9. My father always reminds me that I ____________________ study more.
10. You ____________________ wear school uniform in this school. It is obligatory for students.
11. Sheila ____________________ wear her cap
12. You ____________________ make noise at night.
13. You ____________________ be careful while you are driving.
14. My ideal house _____________________ too big, it should be just comfortable.
15. We ____________________ cut the trees if we want to earn money.

3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH SHOULD, SHOULDN’T OR OUGHT TO

1. You look tired, you ____________________ go to bed.

2. I think the government ____________________ to more to reduce crime.
3. You ____________________ work so hard. you will be sick.
4. Don’t be stupid. you ____________________ believe everything in the newspaper.
5. Do you think I ____________________ apply for this job?.
6. I wonder where Liz is, she ____________________ be here by now.
7. That’s a terrible thing to say. you ____________________ be ashamed of yourself.
8. Chris and Amy fight all time. I don't think they ____________________ get married.
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 7

MIGHT, MAY, AND COULD TO TALK ABOUT PROBABILITY

We use might, may and could to talk about the possibility of something in the present
or in the future or when we are not sure something is going to happen in the future.

Here are some more examples that will help you understand better:

+
AFFIRMATION

• I might go to the cinema this afternoon

• He is travelling in Eastern Europe.
He may be in Ukraine by now.
• We could have problems tomorrow
if the traffic is too heavy.

• There is no difference at all for these three sentences, using anyone depends on the person.

• When talking about the form: we use might/may/could + bare infinitive (without “to”) with all the
personal pronouns or any subject.

Here are some more examples:

The structure could be unstable after the earthquake

There might be delays due to the accident
I may be able to help you when I finish with this

We use might not/ may not when expressing negation, but couldn’t / could not cannot be used in
this case, it is important to mention that couldn’t / could not is used to indicate that something is
impossible.

Notice how may not and might not have no contraction and it is not common to see someone using
it neither.

Here are some more examples that will help you understand the differences better.
 -
NEGATION

• Many people may not be willing to commute for an hour

• It might not be as bad as they say
• There couldn’t be any available seat today (impossible)

When making questions, we can use the three of them following the structure:

might/May/Could + subject + bare infinitive (without “to”)

but it is less common than using

Do you think + subject + might/may/could + bare infinitive (without “to”).

Here are some more examples that will help you understand the differences better.

Less common: Might/may/could she be interested?

More common: Do you think she might/may/could be interested?

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES

1. I am really hungry I might/couldn’t go for a hamburger.

2. The concert was sold out one month ago, you might not / couldn’t buy a ticket online by now.
3. They say Math is really difficult, but I think it could not / may not be that way.
4. Couldn’t / could you brother come to help us?
5. I had a bad experience at that store, I could not / may not buy there again.
6. Your grades could / couldn’t be the best for the next teem if you make a good effort.
7. We could / might face problems of we don’t take immediate action.
MUST

+
AFFIRMATIVE

This modal is used when we want to express an obligation or something that is

considered important or necessary:

Example:
A soldier must obey orders.
You must be here before 8 o’clock tomorrow

To express an affirmative deduction or an assumption about something.

Example:
Lucia must have a problem with her boss.
He must be at home.

-
NEGATION

MUST NOT - MUSTN’T

The negative form of must, is used to express a prohibition.

Example:
You musn’t smoke here.
Basketballers must not kick the ball.
 2. MARK IF THE STATEMENT IS AN OBLIGATION, AN ASSUMPTION OR A PROHIBITION.

Obligation Assumption Prohibition

1. Patricia didn’t come to work, she must be sick.

2. You must not park in front of the school’s front

door, it is forbidden.

3. I must do my homework to get good grades.

4. I think I saw my dad at school but he is

working, I must be wrong.

5. I must show my ID at the school entrance every

day or I cannot access.

6. A cellphone must not be underwater, it voids

the warranty.

7. My father must help my mom at home.

8. My dog must not bite my shoes, but he must

be deaf because he keeps doing it.

WATCH OUT!

MIGHT NOT VS. COULD NOT

Although might and could express possibility in a similar way, the negative forms of might and
could are different.

Might not shows that something probably is not true.

Example: These books might not be the teachers.

Might not shows that something probably will not happen in the future.

Example: I might not go to the party tonight.

Could not shows that something is impossible.

Example: This could not be the only book available.

Example: She could not know who my friend is. They have never met.
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 8

MODAL VERBS

Passive structures are used when we want to focus the sentence in the action rather than the person or what
carries out the action:

The house is painted

Different languages are spoken in the conference

To introduce the person or what carries out the action use the preposition by only when is necessary or
important to mention.

These jeans were designed by Versace

The house was built by famous architects in the city

We from the passive with the verb: To be + past participle form of the main verb

PRESENT
AM / IS / ARE + PAST PARTICIPLE VERB FORM
Monterrey is located at the north of Mexico
Monterrey isn’t located at the north of Mexico
Is Monterrey located at the north of Mexico?
Yes it is / No, it isn´t

Flowers are sold in Xochimilco

Flowers aren’t sold in Xochimilco
Are flowers sold in Xochimilco?
Yes, they are / No, they aren’t

PAST
WAS / WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE VERB FORM
The movie was directed by Alfonso Cuaron.
The movie wasn’t directed by Alfonso Cuaron.
Was the movie directed by Alfonso Cuaron?
Yes, it was / No, it wasn’t

Houses were made of stone by ancient civilizations

Houses weren’t made of stone by ancient civilizations
Were houses made of stone by ancient civilizations?
Yes, they were / No, they weren’t
 WH- QUESTIONS

When were flowers sent?

What was found in the pyramids?
Where is Paris located?
What is celebrated on February?
Who was the house built by?

1. USE THE VERBS TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE FORM OF SIMPLE
PRESENT, FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE.

Example: Coffee is grown in Chiapas

1. Cars ____________________ in Germany.

ride
2. A birthday cake ____________________ by my sister yesterday.
manufacture
3. Bikes ____________________ in Netherland. read
4. “Barbacoa”____________________ in Hidalgo. eat
5. Science books____________________ by thousand readers. make
6. Cellphones ____________________ in China. assemble grow
7. The song “El Triste ____________________ by José José. sing

2. USE THE TABLE TO MAKE SENTENCES IN PAST PASSIVE TENSE. FOLLOW THE
EXAMPLE.

America was discovered by Christopher Columbus

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

America Christopher
Eiffel Tower Columbus
Penicilline locate In France
Lightbulb create Alexander Fleming
Iphone discover In Molango
Atezca Apple Inc
Lagoon Tomas Alba Edison
 3. ORDER THE WORDS TO MAKE QUESTIONS.

1. was / Where / made / book / your? ____________________________________________________________________

2. built / your / was / When / university? ____________________________________________________________________
3. made / of / is / your / What / house / material? ____________________________________________________________________
4. favorite / filmed / your / movie / Where / was? ____________________________________________________________________
5. was / Who / song / your / sung / by / favorite? ____________________________________________________________________

4. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS IN EXERCISE 3 WITH YOUR OWN IMFORMATION USING

PRESENT OR PAST PASSIVE TENSE.

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 9

LESSON: ZERO CONDITIONAL

We use the zero conditional to talk about things which are 99% of the times true or to show scientific facts.

IMPORTANT DETAILS

• When the sentence starts with “if” or with the conditional clause, it must be separated with
a “coma” ( , ) and the result clause comes after it.

Example: If you notice I'm sad, stay around. ---------- Stay around if you notice I'm sad.

Difference about using “if or when” in conditional sentences.

• Using “if” could suggest that the situation happens less often. Take a look at the example.

Example: I usually give myself an hour to get ready to go to work, but if I wake up late, thenI
skip breakfast and I just have a glass of milk. (it doesn't happen very often).

• Using “when” could suggest that the situation happens just a little more frequently: Now
see the example below.

Example; It's hard for me to wake up in the morning. When I wake up really late, I eat a quick
breakfast or I eat fruit on my way to work.

Grammar Structure: If + Present simple (conditional clause) + present simple (result

clause). Don't forget to apply the rules of the 3rd person in case you need it.

Examples:

In a marathon, if you reach the finish line before everyone else, you win the first place. (true) Aff

If a person commits a crime, Does he go to jail? (for sure 99% of the times) Inf

If you don't drink enough water daily, you won't have good health (Scientific Fact) Neg
LESSON: 1st CONDITIONAL

When we want to talk about events in the future with a real possibility of happening, we use the first
conditional.

IMPORTANT DETAILS

• When the sentence starts with “if” or with the conditional clause, it must be separated with
a “coma” ( , ) and the result clause comes after it.

Example: If you finished this before me, would you wait for me? ---------- Would you wait for me
if you finished before me?

Difference about using “if or when” in conditional sentences.

• Using “if” could suggest that the situation happens less often. Take a look at the example.

Example: I usually give myself an hour to get ready to go to work, but if I woke up late, then I
would skip breakfast and I´d just have a glass of milk. (it doesn't happen very often)

• Using “when” could suggest that the situation happens just a little more frequently: Now
see the example below.

Example: When I was a teenager it was hard for me to wake up in the morning. When I woke
up really late, I ate a quick breakfast or I ate fruit on my way to school.

Grammar Structure: If + Present simple (conditional clause) + future tense (result clause).

Examples:

If you don't call me after 20 minutes, I won't doubt to call the police (real possibility) Neg

If your father buys a new car, will he let you drive it? (real possibility in a question) Inf

If our Teacher gives us just a little homework, we´ll be able to play xbox later. (real situation) Aff
LESSON: PAST REAL CONDITIONAL

This conditional is used to express things that we were forced, accustomed or tended to do when we were in
certain situations but now we aren't anymore because our habits have changed.

IMPORTANT DETAILS

• When the sentence starts with “if” or with the conditional clause, it must be separated with
a “coma” ( , ) and the result clause comes after it.

Example: In the late eighties and early nineties, if you needed to send a copy of an important
document to someone who was far away, you had to use a fax machine ---------- In the late
eighties and early nineties, you had to use a fax machine if you needed to send a copy of an
important document to someone who was far away.

Difference about using “if or when” in conditional sentences.

• Using “if” could suggest that the situation happens less often. Take a look at the example.

Example: In my early teens, if I had good grades at school, my parents took me to Six Flags at
the end of the year with some friends. (most of the times I went to Six Flags).

• Using “when” could suggest that the situation happens just a little more frequently: Now
see the example below.

Example: History was always a difficult subject for me, but when I had good grades, my
parents took me to Six Flags at the end of the year with some friends. (it happened only
twice).

Grammar Structure: Past simple (conditional clause) + past simple or used to + passive
voice ( not common but possible).

Examples:

2027: In the year 2020, if you needed to enter to a bank, you had to wear your mask Aff

When you were 10 years old and if you needed money, what did you do to get it? Inf

IMy grandfather told me that If his brothers and him didn't make their beds first, they weren't
Neg
allowed to have breakfast
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 10

STUDY THESE EXAMPLES

If I were not a teacher, I would be a scientist. Facts: I am a teacher. I am not a scientist.

We would live in Mars if we ruined the Earth. Facts: We haven’t ruined the Earth (yet),
therefore, we do not live in Mars.
If we lived in France, we would learn French Facts: We don’t live in France. We don’t learn
more easily. French easily.

What would you do if you found a lot of money? Fact: You haven’t found a lot of money.

If you didn’t study so much, you wouldn’t get Facts: You study so much, that’s why you get
excellent notes. excellent notes.

If we weren’t locked at home, we could go on Facts: We are locked at home. We cannot go on

vacation. vacation.

Would you take up a hobby if you had free time? Facts: You have no free time.

All these sentences express ideas contrary to real facts. They express situations contrary to reality,
suppositions about certain situations. They consist of two clauses, the IF CLAUSE and the RESULT
CLAUSE.

The IF CLAUSE uses past forms, but they refer to present situations. This is how English expresses these
ideas. The RESULT CLAUSE uses WOULD or COULD. They express the result of the supposed situations. In
IF CLAUSES, the form of the verb BE is WERE, but people informally might also use WAS.

• If he were a better student, he would definitely get better notes.

• If he was a better student, he would definitely get better notes.
 1. COMPLETE THESE PARAGRAPH USING THE CORRECT FORMS OF THE VERBS IN
PARENTHESES.

What would happen if the sun died?

In this situation, first, the sun (1) __________________________ (run out) of fuel in its interior. If the fuel

(2) __________________________ (run out), the thermonuclear reactions that enable the sun to shine (3)

__________________________ (end). If this (4) __________________________ (happen), it (5)

__________________________ (turn) into a Red Giant. It (6) __________________________ (engulf) Mercury and

Venus, and almost reach the Earth. Life on earth (7) __________________________ (end). Then if the sun

(8) __________________________ (be) more massive, it (9) __________________________ finally (explode) as a

super nova.

If the sun (10) ___________________________ (die), it (11) __________________________ (eject) a mass of gas

and dust into space. This (12) __________________________ (reveal) the star’s core and finally turn off.

2. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION. FOR THESE SITUATIONS, WRITE SENTENCES

CONTRARY TO FACT AS IN THE EXAMPLE.

I don’t feel fine. That’s why I can’t go shopping with you.

If I felt fine, I would go shopping with you.
1. I don’t usually go to bed early. That is why I am asleep now.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. My cellphone doesn’t work anymore but I have no money to buy a new one.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. I am Mexican and that’s why I love tequila.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. It rains a lot in Huasca. That is the reason why it is greener than other areas.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. I don’t usually like to argue. I think it is nonsense.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. The air has considerable concentrations of oxygen. This is how we can breathe.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. This computer has an old operating system and that’s why it doesn’t work.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. We are not friends. That’s why we don’t talk.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 3. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH YOUR OWN IDEAS.

1. If we didn’t live in Hidalgo _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Would you _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. We would _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. I wouldn’t _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. If you didn’t _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. If she were _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What would you do if _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Nobody would _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

SCRIPTS
 UNIT 1 LESSON A EXERCISE 2
Lap ------ lab Speake ------ seeker
Ticket ------ cricket Pyrotechnic ------ pyrogenic
dish ------ fish Souvenir ------ Interfere
Laser ------ later Drone ------ throne

UNIT 1 LESSON A EXERCISES 4 AND 5 CONVERSATION 1

G= Girl B= Boy
B: Hi. Are you coming to San Francisco’s Fair?
G: I am not sure, why?
B: You can’t miss it. This year, there will be flying drones, you have to try pastes and barbacoa which are the
most delicious typical dishes and the best souvenirs, “Jarritos de feria”.
G: It sounds fantastic. What about the music? I love Folklore music and DJ’s.
B: My favorite DJ is coming. He’s bringing his loudspeakers and his famous laptop which is covered with laser
lights, the lights turn on and off to the rhythm of the music.
G: And what about the tickets?
B: Don’t worry about that, I have 2, one for you and another one for me.
G: Great, then count on me.

UNIT 1 LESSON A EXERCISES 4 AND 5 CONVERSATION 2

F= Father S= Son
F: And… What is it?
S: Dad, please continue telling me what things you like doing at the fair.
F: Well… as I was saying. I love going there because I really enjoy eating traditional food but lately, I am more
convinced about drones, they display an awesome performance with lights and colorful fumes, it is fantastic.
Do you remember I like to keep the printed tickets as souvenirs?
S: Of course, your wall is full of them.
F: They are not printing them anymore, so now, I can’t keep them as souvenirs.
S: Thank you for telling me. I was thinking of leaving my cell phone here.

UNIT 1 LESSON B EXERCISES 2 AND 3

Emilio: Grandpa Memo! Grandpa Memo! (the grandfather is sitting in a bench fixing some Emilio’s toys)
Guillermo: What’s going on Emilio? Why are you running and shouting?
Emilio: Grandpa, do you know the importance of technology in our state. (in this line the sentence might be
changed to “do you know how important technology is to our state?” or “do you know the
importance of technology in our state? What I’m trying to convey is that if the grandparent knows
all the support and relevance that nowadays is happening into the state regarding technology)
Guillermo: Ummm, well, to be honest Emilio. No, I don’t. (downcast gaze or voice in this line)
Emilio: Don’t worry grandpa (cheering him up), I am going to tell you. Nowadays, scientists from all over the
country and of course Hidalgo plan to fight and eliminate the virus COVID-19.
Guillermo: Oh, really?
Emilio: Yes grandpa! Our scientific community always tries to do the best for us and they never stop until
they get it.
Guillermo: Well… that’s true. In fact, as you know, I am usually informed about these topics but sometimes I don’t
say anything. Let me check my email on my mobile phone... Look grandson! Yes, it is an article about
the scientists who are travelling to Switzerland... they are going to have access to Swiss Synchrotron
to combat COVID-19.
Emilio: (excited voice) Really Grandpa?
Guillermo: Yes Emi. Also, it says that our scientific community often has important ideas and now, they have 4
proposals to find the cure against that virus! And check Emilio! A scientist from one of our
universities has a treatment proposal. I’m completely sure, her collaboration is essential to find the
cure. (proud look or voice)
Emilio: (downcast gaze or voice in this case) But, grandpa...
Guillermo: What’s wrong son? Why are you sad?
Emilio: Because, I sometimes don’t know some words you use, for example; SynchroRobot.
Guillermo: Hahaha, it is not SynchroRobot Emi, is Syn-chro-tron (pronouncing syllable by syllable) and don’t
worry. Let’s buy an ice cream and I can explain you better... ( they seem to start walking and the
grandfather continues saying words, the voices sound to start disappearing as if they were
leaving the place)

UNIT 1 LESSON C EXERCISE 4

P=Presenter. M=Maribel.
P: No one knows exactly what are the aspects that influence the incredible relation which indigenous people
have with nature, this is a topic that revolves in our guests mind since she was a child. After graduating from
college she took a gap year to explore, live and learn from indigenuos regions and its people in the state of
Hidalgo. Her name is Maribel Hernandez and today, she is here with us to answer a few questions.
M: Hello. Thank you for the invitation and for having me here.
P: Please Maribel, tell us why you decided to start this amazing journey in Hidalgo.
M: Well. Since I was a child, my family used to travel around the state to visit different places and I fell in love
of every single place. I have a picture in mind which I can simply erase, let me explain it. My father is driving
the car, my mom is trying to catch a song on the radio and my brother and I are watching the mountains
through the windows. We are crossing a beautiful town located north-east in the mountain range named San
Lorenzo Achiotepec, suddenly, an Otomi family of 3 men and 2 women appears, they are helping a dying
coyote, I simply can’t believe how they are risking their life to help the animal and what motivates them to do
it and a few minutes later, I watch other people cutting trees and destroying the ecosystem. What a contrast,
right?
P: That’s completely heart-touching and annoying at the same time. I sadly admit that I belong to those
people who don’t know their state, but please tell me, did you find the reason why?
M: Yes, and this is a fact. Among the 54 indigenous municipalities in our state there are patterns which give us
elements to understand why they act this way, and amazingly some ethnic groups don’t have any connection
between them but they behave exactly the same.
P: I see. So, is it possible for you to tell us which are those patterns?
M: Sure. Wait, I am trying to think only in the most important ones. First, “Respect” they have a strong belief in
nature, they are aware that their ecosystem is their first resource to have food at home and to feed their
livestock. Nowadays, they are writing a local rule to prevent any further damages, they are investing much of
their time in protecting natural life cycle and restoring much of what has been affected and the oldest ones
are giving talks about the importance of nature. Secondly, “family bonds” from generations they have been
passing themselves a code, but it is not a written code, its something intangible, something they learn day by
day and that is “pride”, pride of who they are, how they dress, their costumes, what they eat and how they
look. Sadly, many of us think, they need somebody to teach them how to get involved in society and new
trends but what we don’t know is that they are using technology, they have natural and ecological systems to
water their crops and they are sharing resources and knowledge over their communities, also, old men
commonly ask foreigners for advice to keep improving and now they are learning new irrigation techniques,
old are unbeatable and women are capable of creating their own kitchen supplies. In fact, a good example of
this is the town of Santiago de Anaya, these days, men create their kitchen supplies and women are selling
them, isn't it amazing?
P: Wow, really? I didn't know that, it is amazing!
M: That’s because you never travel to those towns, hahaha.
P: hahaha, yes Maribel you are right but I promise to go there next vacation. She is Maribel Hernandez, a
young girl who has taught me a lesson and ...
With information as reference taken from: http://www.cdi.gob.mx/pnud/memoria_taller_indicadores_hidalgo_2009.pdf
 UNIT 2 LESSON C EXERCISE 2

Good morning everyone, I am doctor Richard Fox and in this presentation I am going to talk about work in the
coming years. One important thing to remember is that the idea of one job for life is going to disappear. In fact,
it's already becoming history. Young people like you will most likely have eight to ten jobs in their adult life
because of technology. for this is that many jobs will become unnecessary. I know that sounds a little
frightening and stressful, but the good news is that many new jobs will be created.
So, what does all this mean for you? It means you'll definitely need new skills to help you survive in the job
market of the future. So, here's my forecast of live that will help you be successful in the next 20 years.
First, you'll need what I call sense-making. This is the ability to understand the importance of information. Our
computers will be able to give us more and more information, but we will have to be able to use this information
to make good and effective decisions.
Second, you're going to need social intelligence. As our world becomes more and more globalized, you will
have to work with large groups of people in different settings. That will involve the ability to work well with
people, and to adapt or change your behavior according to the setting.
Third, and very important since nowadays, future workers will need strong cross-cultural skills. Workers will
move around much more and they will need to feel comfortable and confident wherever they are in the world.
You will have to see beyond people's cultural differences, working styles, and ways of thinking to be successful.
Fourth, most workers will need to have new-media literacy. In other words, they must have the ability and
confidence to use new media like wikis, blogs, and podcasts, to create and present their own audio and visual
information.
Finally, successful future workers will have to be multi- specialists, so that they can work in several different jobs.
People will need a deep understanding in one field, but have a good general knowledge of different work fields.
So, there you have five important work skills for the future. And remember, the future starts now. Thank you.

UNIT 2 LESSON E EXERCISE 1

1 A: Ok, the first question is, what are five skills for a job in the future?
B: … What are five skill for a job in the future … Sense-making, Social intelligence, cross-cultural,
New-media literacy, and … Multi-specialists
2 A: What new media will be used in the future?
B: Pardon?
A: What new media in the job will be used in the future?
B: Ok, wikis, blogs, and podcasts
3 A: Great, now, here is question three. can you tell me the name of the Doctor Fox?
B: Give me a second, oh, ok his name is Richard, Richard Fox.
4 A: Can you tell me what a robot is unable to do?
B: Uh… let me think … Robots are unable to think, feel, or make decisions.
5 A: The following questions are more personal, where will you study the master’s degree?
B: Where will I study the master’s degree? … I’d like to study it abroad.
6 A: Oh I see, now, what job would you like to do in the future?
B: That’s an interesting question, ammm … I’d like to work in any tourism activity.
7 A: Ok, this is the last question, would you like to start your own family in some years?
B: Eerr … well, yes, I would. After I get a job I would like to get married and have two children.

UNIT 3 LESSON A EXERCISE 4

Well! What can I tell you? My name is Mark I live in Huasca de Ocampo, a paradise in Hidalgo. Huasca was the
first “Pueblo Magico” in Mexico.
I have done a lot of activities here; I have lived in Huasca de Ocampo for about 12 years. I have done many things
here; I have gone birdwatching in the forest since I was a little boy. Many people are terrified about this, but I
have never seen a UFO or a ghost in this beautiful place. Everything has been incredible.
Let me tell you that mom is a great cook, she makes new dishes, they are a delicacy because they are very
delicious, and she always asks me before I get out of my house “Have you ever eaten trout with tomato sauce
and mushrooms Mark? Or Have you ever tried it with other ingredients?” You can find this kind of fish all over
Huasca; in fact, it is a traditional dish.
I have also played chess in different state wide competitions since I was 7; actually, my grandfather played with
me every day. It is sad to say, but he died a few years ago, and he is now in the graveyard.
Well! I have to say good bye because I haven’t finished my homework yet, it is about natural areas in Mexico;
thank God I have already written a blog about the flora and fauna in Hidalgo.
Bye!

UNIT 3 LESSON C EXERCISE 1

Laura: Hey Aiko, did you enjoy our trip to Tula?

Aiko: I sure did! Such a beautiful place, the history of your country amazes me.
Laura: Mexico’s history is very rich, but Japan’s history is also interesting, your country is beautiful, some of
the landscapes I have seen are breathtaking!
Aiko: Have you ever been to Japan?
Laura: Oh, well, not really, but I have seen movies, I’m a big fan of Japanese movies.
Aiko: That’s nice! I also discovered Mexico and it’s culture through television and movies. Actually something
that really intrigues me is the food, some dishes seem delicious, like Barbacoa, have you ever tried it?
Laura: Yes, I’ve eaten barbacoa hundreds of times! It’s delicious! What other places have you visited in
Mexico?
Aiko: I’ve been to Mexico City and Teotihuacan only, in fact Vic and Andy said they’ve visited a place called
Metztitlan, they mentioned there is a breathtaking ravine with a river and orchards at its bottom, I’ve
never seen anything like that!
Laura: Believe it or not, I’ve never been to Metztitlan either, why don’t we go next weekend, my dad can lend
me his minivan, what do you think?
Aiko: It sounds great! Let’s do it!
Laura: There is one little detail though, I can’t drive, have you ever driven a car in Mexico?
Aiko: No, I’ve never done that in my life, I don’t know how to, but I’m sure someone else can drive, Mario’s
girlfriend drove the last time, maybe she’ll join us this time too!

UNIT 3 LESSON C EXERCISE 3

Aiko: Hello, Andy? This is Aiko, how are you? Have Mario and Amy arrived yet?
Andy: Hello Aiko, yes, they’ve just picked me up! Have you finished packing?
Aiko: I have already finished packing but Laura hasn’t finished yet.
Andy: Tell her to hurry, we are on our way to your place to pick you up, we’re having breakfast in Metztitlán.
Aiko: Do you have enough gas?
Andy: Yes, we do, we’ve already stopped for gas, don’t worry! Tell Laura to hurry…
Aiko: Don’t worry, she’s just finished packing!
On the way to Metzitlán...
Laura: It’s great that you decided to join us Amy, thanks for driving as well, you are really good at it!
Amy: I’m glad to come, I love driving, I’ve driven cars since I was 15, my grandpa taught me.
Mario: Tell us Aiko, how long have you studied in Mexico?
Amy: Hey! What do you mean! I’m only 20, I’ve done it for only 5 years, I’m not as old as you!
Aiko: I’ve studied here since December.
Laura: Is that it? We’ve known each other for only 5 months? Wow time flies! And how long have you been
together Mario and Amy?
Amy: We’ve been a couple for one year.
Mario: That’s right but we’ve known each other since 2010!
 UNIT 4 LESSON C EXERCISE 2

Hi my name is Robert Straffon, I am from Real del Monte, my great-grandfather was an English miner, he came
from Cornwall, UK. He used to tell my grandfather many stories and legends about this beautiful place. Actually,
my father has told us many of them too. The most remarkable story for me is “The English Clown” whose name
was Richard Bell, he came to Mexico by himself because he didn’t achieve fame in England, he installed a circus
in the area and people loved him; therefore, he asked to be buried in the English Cemetery and his tomb is the
only one turning its back on England.
People say that the English Clown’s soul has wandered every night through the cemetery since the day he died
and that he just makes himself visible to the people who are pure of spirit making them laugh with funny jokes,
but those whose heart is evil, see spooky shadows and hear eerie sounds that makes them feel terrified.
It is also said that many spirits come out during the night, ready to attack anyone who tries to step inside the
cemetery. Well! My grandpa told me that my great-grandpa and his friends went once to the English Cemetery
in the middle of a dark and scary night; nobody was there, they unlocked the gate themselves and got into the
graveyard, one of his friends was jumping on the tombs asking the “English Clown” to show up and tell him a
joke; he was also shouting that he didn’t believe in ghosts.
Suddenly, the ground and the trees started to move, they couldn’t believe it, they wanted to ask for help, but
nobody was there, they were by themselves; they felt lost and immediately started to run towards the gate, but
unfortunately, it locked itself, no one could help them. My grandpa says that my great-grandpa was very brave
and managed to open the gate himself running away as fast as he could.
When all of them got out of the place, they heard The English Clown laughing out loud saying “Didn’t you ask
for a great joke? Where are you going? The show has just started”.
Since that day on, people have respected the cemetery, and they have also come up with lots of stories about
what happened many years ago, but I am sure The English Clown is a good soul, maybe my great-grandfather
and his friends irritated him by getting inside the English Cemetery without permission.

UNIT 4 LESSON E EXERCISE 1

Robert: Hi Rosa! How’s everything going?

Rosa: Hi Robert! Fine, what about you?
Robert: Well, I’m a little bit tired.
Rosa: Yes, you look tired. Why? What did you do over the weekend?
Robert: I visited Real del Monte. Have you ever been there?
Rosa: Yes, I have. What did you do there?
Robert: I have visited it twice, but this weekend I went with my cousins. On Friday we had coffee downtown
and the waiter told us about the English Cemetery. Also, he said that on Saturday’s night the guard
tells legends. So, we decided to go.
When we arrived to the cemetery, the guard received us. While we were walking through the tombs
he was telling us the legends.
The legend that has scared me the most is the Woman in Black. Have you ever heard it?
Rosa: No, I haven’t. Tell me.
Robert: The guard told us that there is a woman dressed in black that asks for a ride during dark and foggy
nights. She only appears to men that are driving alone. He mentioned the experience of Don Refugio.
Rosa: What happened to Don Refugio?
Robert: Are you sure you want to hear it?
Rosa: Yes, sure.
Robert: OK. Don Refugio is one of the men that has given a ride to this woman. He has told that he picked her
up near the monument of Engineer Clifford. He thought the woman had an accident with her car and
he decided to give her a ride. The woman got into the car, Don Refugio asked her where she was going
and she answered that she was going to the English Cemetery. So, he turned and drove that way.
When they arrived to the cemetery, the woman told him to wait for her, but he didn’t do it because as
soon as he looked, the woman went through the gate of the cemetery, he drove as fast as he could to
get out of that place.
Paola: What? That must have been scary!!!
Luis: Yes. That is why I am tired; I didn’t sleep well that night nor last night.

UNIT 5 LESSON C EXERCISE 2

Aiko: Hello? Mom?

Mom: Hello Aiko! I’m glad that you’re calling! I can’t believe it’s been six months since you went to Mexico!
Aiko: I know, time flies!
Mom: Tell me, what places have you visited? I saw your recent posts! Hidalgo seems like a beautiful place!
Aiko: Well mom, in fact, Hidalgo is one of the most beautiful places I’ve ever seen! It has one of the vastest
national parks in the country. Last Saturday I visited it, people call it El Chico, there is a town in the
middle of the forest, it’s the most magical place I’ve been to so far!
Mom: Is it far from Pachuca?
Aiko: No, it isn’t, but the road is so winding that I got really dizzy on the way there, because this time Mario
drove and he dives the fastest.
Mom: I saw the pictures, the town is very foggy and picturesque.
Aiko: Yes, it is the coldest place in the state in my opinion, we got there very early in the morning, we had
barbacoa for breakfast at the market, it was good but in fact, the tastiest barbacoa in Hidalgo is in a
place called Actopan!
Mom: Is Actopan far from… uh…what is the name of the town you visited?
Aiko: El Chico mom, and yeah they are not close to each other, but both places are near Pachuca.
Mom: And what is… uh… barbacoa is it?
Aiko: You got right! It is a traditional dish from Hidalgo, it is lamb that people cook in a kind of oven buried
under the ground!
Mom: Under the ground?! That’s the craziest thing I’ve ever heard!
Aiko: I know, but believe me, it is the best dish in the world!
Mom: Which town is bigger? El Chico or Actopan?
Aiko: Actopan, it is actually a city but El Chico is fascinating! I’m so excited because next Saturday we are
traveling to Tenango de Doria, my friend Laura told me artisans there make the most intricate
embroidery works in the state! People call them Tenangos and they are incredibly colorful and beautiful,
they are also some of the most expensive handcrafts in the region, look I’ve just sent you a picture!
Mom: Wow! They are stunning! Is it possible that you bring me one?

UNIT 5 LESSON E EXERCISE 2

Hi my name is Sean, I am from the UK, and I´d like to tell you that I´ve just had the most fantastic vacation ever, I
visited Hidalgo in Mexico. I consider myself the most fortunate man on Earth because I’ve visited different places
there, and I really enjoyed the beautiful natural landscapes that Hidalgo has, and of course its cuisine. You won’t
believe it but in some regions they eat insects like grasshoppers, they don´t obviously eat them raw, they make
them in different ways, the ones that I enjoyed the most were abaneros, I don’t mean that plain ones aren’t as
delicious as abaneros, but I really like hot and spicy Mexican food.
I actually tried this insect dishes in a region called “Valle del Mezquital” which I found fascinating because they
have a very unique saying that goes this way “Todo lo que se arrastra corre y vuela, va para la cazuela” which
could probably be understood as “Any living thing is edible”, and I totally agree.
People visiting these place might not be familiar with this kind of delicacies, but I swear to God, they are extremely
delicious. On the other hand, visitors can also enjoy the cultural and historic part because there is a prehispanic
city there, called Zona Arquelogica de Tula (Tollan) where the Tolteca civilization became one of the most
powerful at the time. This metropolis is smaller than Teotihuacan, but it is as interesting as any other in Mexico.
Going back to the food and dishes topic; let me tell you that I’ve tried barbacoa in different parts, and I cannot say
it is better in some places than others, but the service is faster in “The Black Sheep” restaurant, I would say it’s the
most quickly.
Despite the fact that I am English, I love the Mexican cuisine; in fact, barbacoa and insects are the most delicious
dishes that I´ve tried.
If you want to have the most intense adventures, visit Hidalgo.
 UNIT 6 LESSON B HIKING 2

My dad took me for long walks as a kid around every town in Hidalgo, and at the time I despised them! I
remember complaining a lot because I couldn’t walk as fast as my father, and I probably just wanted to play
video games at home. In hindsight, I can see that they were good experiences and perhaps that paved the way
for it to become part of my life now.
There are many reasons why I love to hike, mainly I love the sense of freedom you get when you are alone in
nature. It’s nice to have solitude, and since I have taken hiking as a part of my life, I am able to be alone deep in
thoughts and have time to unwind and reflect on things and also I can adapt to different places. I think it’s very
healthy for the mind to have that break from busyness and noise. Additionally, it’s good for your body. It goes
without saying that the movement is good for your legs and the air is good for your lungs.”

UNIT 6 LESSON D LET’S BE FEARLESS 2

Hernandez. for statements 1 to 10 complete the ideas with one word or a short phrase.
Interviewer: Good afternoon, everyone. We are here with the one and only Pedro Hernandez, welcome Mr.
Hernandez.
Pedro Hdez: Thanks for having me.
Interviewer: Thanks to you for letting us know how to improve our rock climbing techniques.
Pedro Hdez: First, let me tell you that climbing safety is your responsibility, no article, video or talk can replace
qualified instruction and experience.
Interviewer: That's right so, What are you going to share with us today?
Pedro Hdez: Well, there are a few aspects that you need to consider if you are considering to start rock
climbing. First of all, you have to wear a helmet, it is essential if you want to live long and prosper.
Interviewer: I definitely want to see my grandkids!
Pedro Hdez: Before you start climbing, you always have to double-check to make sure that the lead climber's
tie-in knot, usually a figure-8 follow-through is tied correctly and finished with a backup knot.
Interviewer: Oh, I see. I’ve heard that there are plenty of different types of rocks, and each one influences
climbing, but have you ever found any kind of rock easy to climb?
Pedro Hdez: Definitely, I’ll say no! Each kind of rock has its own style of climbing. for instance, granite,
sandstone, limestone, basalt, and conglomerate blends, and let me tell you that is totally different and lucky to
have some of them in Hidalgo!
Interviewer: What are those techniques that have made you to be the rock climber that you are now?
Pedro Hdez: I appreciate your kind words! well, you just have to climb with your feet, you must keep your
weight on your skeleton, maintain quiet feet, rest when possible, engage your core, you have to know how to
breathe, it is the most important one! Engage in positive self-talk, to mention some!
Interviewer: Come on! tell me your secret!
Pedro Hdez: OK. Climbing legend Alex Lowe once said, "The best climber is the one having the most fun.” It’s
not about the numbers or the summits, it’s about the enjoyment of the challenge, adventure, and partnership.
I follow that!

UNIT 6 LESSON E I LOVE WATER

1. e
2. f
3. i
4. c
5. g
6. h
7. d
8. a
9. b
 UNIT 6 LESSON E EXERCISE 2

There is a small town called El Arenal, near Actopan, Hidalgo where you can find a dam with clear water that just
falls down from Fray Francisco mountain. You will be able to appreciate thinkers and a wonderful scenery from
Parque Nacional El Chico. But if you are looking for a warmer place, you should visit Agua Blanca lake en Agua
Blanca de Iturbide, Hidalgo, which has blazing weather. It’s also the favorite for fishing experts and you can find
bass, trout and carp fish.

The ideal place for recreational fishing is El Zembo, a trout farm located in the Magical Town of Huasca de
Ocampo. The water that supplies is crystal and descends from the mountains. It is one of the few places where
you can enjoy a mild climate during the day and enjoy a cozy atmosphere and get close contact with nature.

Within El Cedral recreational park you can enjoy the spectacular El Cedral dam, in Mineral del Chico, Hidalgo.
It is considered one of the oldest parks in Mexico, visited by tourists and tenants for the impressive forest with
oaks, pines, and oyamels. You ought to spend all the weekend owing to the fact that currently, it offers plenty
of activities, such as hiking, mountain cycling, camping, abseiling and the principal attraction, fishing.

Do not wait any more and look for a new hobby such as fishing.

UNIT 7 LESSON B EXERCISE 1

Thomas: Hey Gregorio! Are you coming to the reunion we are having?
Gregorio: I don’t know yet! I have things to do at the shop but I might have time to go for a while.
Thomas: Why don’t you give it a try? You need to have fun, not everything is work! We are meeting at the old
coffee shop we used to go when we were at school. You could find someone who might go and
open your shop for you while you go with us.
Gregorio: Yeah! I know. I might find somebody, but you can help me with that.
Thomas: Let me see if my cousin Felipe can go. He might need some extra money, he’s a new dad.
Gregorio: Fine! Just let me know if he can come. The reunion is on Saturday right? I might get there a little late
because I need to explain everything to him, it’s just because the door lock is broken and he might
not be able to open the door.
Thomas: Don’t worry! He’s a handy man he could help you with that, he’s a good guy. You should talk to him
about it and you’ll see.
Gregorio: Thanks man! I can’t miss that reunion!
Thomas: Alright! See you there.

UNIT 8 LESSON B EXERCISE 2

CHICHEN ITZA, MEXICO

Chichen Itza was a Mayan city; it is located on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. Chichen Itza was named a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988 and, in 2007, it was voted in a worldwide survey as one of the New Seven
Wonders of the World.
The most impressive building is the Temple of Kukulkan, also known as El Castillo, it was built in an area that
was leveled to organize larger structures. The temple was designed with 365 steps which represents each day
of the year. Each side of the temple has 91 steps, and the top platform completes the 365th. Chichén Itzá's ball
court is the largest in America, measuring 168 meters and 70 meters wide. During ritual games, 4 kilogram
rubber balls were hit by players, into rings which were made of stone and were set high on the court walls.
Nowadays ruins open daily and on spring and autumn equinoxes offer the opportunity to admire the incredible
shadow serpent of El Castillo and at nigh a light show is displayed to all tourists who arrive from all over the
world.
 UNIT 8 LESSON B EXERCISE 4

TEACHER: In this video you see the White House, it is the official residence and work place of the president
of United States.
STUDENT 1: Excuse me, where is it located?.
TEACHER: Well, It is located in Washington D.C; do you know who designed it?.
STUDENT 2: Yes, I know. It was designed by the Irish architect James Hoban .
TEACHER: You right and its name was given by the President Theodore Roosevelt in 1901.

LUCY: Hey Ana! Nice to hear you, how was your trip to India?
MARIANA: Hi Mariana, it was awesome; I visited the Taj Mahal it is a mausoleum, it is located near to Yamuna
River.
LUCY: I know, and It was built in honor to Shah Jahan’s wife.
MARIANA: Most of the building was made of white marble, and it makes it a magnificent building for visitors
around the world. However I had some language problems.
LUCY: Why? You speak English and Spanish pretty well
MARIANA: You right but Spanish and English are not spoken languages in India, Hindi is spoken by most
people there.

UNIT 8 LESSON D EXERCISE 2

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT “LOS PINOS”

• Los Pinos is the presidential residence in Mexico, now it is open to public but not always was like this. The
residence was built in a place that was named “Molino del Rey”.
• At the beginning the land was a ranch called “La Hormiga” which name was changed to “Los Pinos” by
Lázaro Cárdenas in honor to the place he met his wife in Michoacan.
• The residence first was occupied by President Lazaro Cardenas del Rio due to he believed Chapultepec
Castle was a luxurious place to rule the countryso he decided to move to “Los Pinos” in 1941.
• Mexico was governed by Manuel Avila Camacho from 1940 to 1946; he was the second Mexican President
who lived in the new residence. He got married to Soledad Orozco and didn’t have children. Before to move
from his own house in Lomas de Chapultepec to the official residence were ordered some modifications by
the presidential couple to adapt for their needs.
• Nowadays this place is visited by people who want to go along on its avenues, gardens, statues galleries as
well as to enjoy its buildings and cultural events.

UNIT 9 LESSON A EXERCISES 3 AND 4

A. Blackberry
B. Oatmeal
C. Eggplant
D. Takeaway
E. Leftovers
F. Chopsticks
G. Silverware
H. Teaspoon
I. Seafood
J. Chickpea
K. Peppermint
L. Milkshake
M. Fruitcake
N. Banana split
 UNIT 9 LESSON A EXERCISE 5

Whitney: Hey! Good to see you Kelly! How have you been?
Kelly: Great, Thanks! What have you been up to these days?
Whitney: Not much, I’m preparing a mother’s day breakfast for my mom, wife and aunt and now I came to
buy new silverware because I only have spoons and knifes, all my forks are lost.
Kelly: That’s nice! What are you planning to do? I’m sure it is not going to be a regular breakfast with
oatmeal and milk.
Whitney: Well I’m cooking something simple, it is a new recipe I learned, it is mainly pasta and on top you put
some eggplant slices seasoned with peppermint, we will also have coffee and orange juice to drink;
also, my sister is baking a fruitcake filled with blackberries and some other fruits for dessert,
actually, I need to but some disposable teaspoons to eat that. Are you planning anything with your
mom?
Kelly: My brothers and I are ordering pizza for dinner from a takeaway restaurant near her house, she
loves it so much that if there’s pizza left, she keeps the leftovers in the fridge we also considered
seafood but we just had a lot of fish and shrimps during the holly week.
Whitney: That’s great! She’ll be happy.
Kelly: Yes! and we’re going to order creamy milkshakes for us all from a café that is in the neighborhood
too, mom has a sweet tooth.
Whitney: Sounds fantastic! They deserve it!

UNIT 9 LESSON B EXERCISES 2 AND 4

Interviewer: Good afternoon everyone! This is John from University radio and today we are interviewing Dr.
Parker. Thanks for talking to us today.
Dr. Parker: Thank you for inviting me. If I can help, I will be happy to answer your questions.
Interviewer: To begin with, how did you get interested in this area of research?
Dr. Parker: Our health is something really important and sometimes we are not aware of that; because of this, I
was always motivated to learn how to take care of it for the well-being of us all.
Interviewer: So, from your research what do you consider to be the worst problem we are facing right now?
Dr. Parker: Obesity, due to the habits people have in general.
Interviewer: Obesity, you say? Can you please explain a little more?
Dr. Parker: Of course, John, if we don’t have enough time to eat, we will look for a fast solution, and we will not
choose the healthiest option if it is the most expensive; everyday there are higher demands for fast food in
which we can easily find a lot of foods with a high amount of fats and carbs and a low quantity of nutrients, they
are this popular because they can satisfy our needs without sacrificing time of work or leisure but our bodies
receive all these calories without burning them.
Interviewer: What would be a consequence of this high fat and carbs intake?
Dr. Parker: If our body gets so many fats and carbs, it will not be able to process them and we will have a lot of
healthy problems, many of them can be fatal.
Interviewer: That is really bad news.
Dr. Parker: Indeed, it is! This is one of the reasons why people have to start looking for other alternatives when
cooking and eating, if we make changes in our diet, it will bring a lot of benefits.
Interviewer: Dr. Parker I understand that bad eating habits has more serious effects on our body, can you
inform our audience about another consequence that we could face in the future if we don’t change our way of
eating?
Dr. Parker: Well, obviously obesity is the most common problem but if it gets worse, in addition to what has
been previously said, we can suffer from high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease and stroke, type-2
diabetes, osteoporosis and so on, severely affecting our body and putting our life in risk.
Interviewer: That sounds devastating! In other words, if we don’t make an effort to change we will probably die
because of these bad habits.
Dr. Parker: Yes, and not only our lives are affected, but also the lives of our family; for instance, I strongly
believe that if we take care of our health, we will become better human beings.
Interviewer: Well, I hope our listeners can make some conscious decisions based on this information you
shared with us because if we make changes we will save our lives. Thank you so much for your research and for
joining us today.
Dr. Parker: Thank you for allowing me to speak in this space, hopefully this message can get to many people.
Because it is true that we know very well the problem, but more importantly we also know the solution.
Therefore, if we decide to eat healthier, we will have a better life.

UNIT 9 LESSON E EXERCISE 3

Waitress: Are you ready to order?

ALL: Yes, we are.
Cheryl: Excuse me, I have a question. I’m in the mood for lamb , but the sauce looks too fatty. Could I
order the lamb without the sauce?
Waitress: Sure!
Cheryl: What does it come with?
Waitress: French fries.
Cheryl: I’m not really into fried food. Could I have a grilled vegetable instead?
Waitress: I think we have grilled peppers.
Cheryl: Perfect!
Waitress: Would you like to start with an appetizer?
Cheryl: Is there any olive on the tomato salad?
Waitress: There’s a lot of oil, yes.
Cheryl: Could I get it without the oil?
Waitress: MMM – HMMM, but it won’t taste very good.
Cheryl: Then I’ll just have a mixed green salad.
Waitress: And you, ma’m…?
Kate: Ahmm..
Cheryl: I’m sorry. I have another question. Is there any salt on the lamb?
Waitress: It takes salt and pepper, yes.
Cheryl: I don’t want a lot of salt. I think I’ll have the fish instead.
Waitress: Ok, anything to drink?
Cheryl: Just water, please.
Waitress: And for you?
Kate: I’ll have the special.
Louis The special, please.
Charles The special.
Waitress: Great!
Cheryl: Can I ask you another question?
Kate, Charles Noooooo!!!! (SHOUTING)
and Louis

UNIT 10 LESSON A EXERCISE 4

Joyce: Patrick! School is over, it’s Friday afternoon and you know what that means, are you ready to lose on
your favorite game… again?
Patrick: Come on, Joyce, last week was just a stroke of luck, I’m going to defeat you easily today, but
unfortunately, I don’t have a lot of time available, my sister has asked me to help her to study and I
can’t say no, I really want her to pass her exam.
Joyce: It’s alright, don’t worry, we must hurry up, then; it would be really nice to have super powers like the
heroes from comics, if I had super speed and super strength I would carry you and we would be in my
house by now.
Patrick: That would be really good! Is there another super power you think would be really useful?
Joyce: Actually I think most of them are really useful, for example, if I were a hero who can freeze time, we
could play longer our favorite game, don’t you think? Is there a super power you would like to have?
Patrick: Yes, right now if I were an Omniscience character I could help my sister faster and I would have more
free time, but also I think immortality is a cool one, I could see everything if I was immortal, even
eventually the end of the world.
Joyce: That’s right, but it scares me a little, if we became immortal, we couldn’t die, even if we wanted to,
that’s scary and even a bit sad.
Patrick: I hadn’t thought about it, you are right, maybe instead, if I was a shape shifter I could do my sister’s
test and nobody would notice.
Joyce: That sounds interesting! Anyway, we can keep talking about this later because is time to beat you.

UNIT 10 LESSON B EXERCISE 2

Eddie: Hi, my name is Eddie and If I were a superhero, I would stop crime everywhere, I don’t like people
suffering for crime.
Willy: Hi, my name is Willy and I would definitely spend all my richness to stop famine if I had a lot of
money.
Zayda: I’m Zayda and If I could do something special, I would ban animal hunting all over the world.
Alex: Hi, my name is Alex and all the people who suffer from an illness could be cured if I had the ability
to heal others.
Yolanda: Hi, my name is Yolanda and If I had the power to do it, I would stop pollution, it is killing us.
Gilberto: Hi, my name is Gilberto and I think that if there weren’t wars, a lot of lives would be saved, so I would
stop war if I could.

UNIT 10 LESSON C EXERCISE 3

Bluster f A violent and turbulent blowing.

Housed g Encased, enclosed, sheltered.
Stunning b Impressive, especially in beauty or excellence.
Mining e The process of extracting metals or minerals from the ground.
Cornish d People coming from Cornwall, England.
Passed up a Let go by without taking advantage of. Declined, rejected.
Head h Proceed in a certain direction.
Wandered c Move about without a fixed course, aim, or goal.

UNIT 10 LESSON D EXERCISE 5

Dave: Hi Jenny, What’s the matter? You look kind of worried.

Jenny: Yes, I am. I’ve learnt that unfortunately many people I know have lost their jobs and now they’re
unemployed.
Dave: Well, I understand you are worried; however, we can do something to help!
Jenny: Really? What do you think we can do?
Dave: Look, I’ve got some great DVDs and books I don’t use any more, so I was wondering if we could sell
them cheaply.
Jenny: What a great idea! I’ve got some stuff I don’t use as well, clothes and some furniture, for example. So,
how do you think we can sell them, Dave?
Dave: Well, why don’t we organize a garage sale? Lots of people would come.
Jenny: You’re right! And after that we can use that money to help that people with essentials. I’m sure they’ll
really appreciate our support.
Dave: So, let’s go home and get the things we’re going to sell.
Jenny: Wait! Shall we tell our parents about it?
Student´s Book B1 (Digital)