SB B1+ - NUEVO - FINAL - C

G4U GROWING FOR YOU
STUDENT'S BOOK B1+
Primera impresión 2021
Universidad Tecnológica de Tula - Tepeji
Av. Universidad Tecnológica No. 1000, C.P. 42830,

El Carmen, Tula de Allende, Hidalgo, México.
www.uttt.edu.mx
Teléfono: 01 773 732-9100
Correo electrónico: uttt@uttt.edu.mx
ISBN DIGITAL: 978-607-8680-26-9
DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA, PROHIBIDA SU VENTA
Imagenes de iStock by Getty Images®

DIRECTORY
Gobierno del Estado de Hidalgo
Omar Fayad Meneses
Gobernador Constitucional
Secretaría de Educación Pública

Atilano R. Rodríguez Pérez
Secretario
Subsecretaría de Educación Media Superior y Superior

Juan Benito Ramírez Romero
Subsecretario
COORDINACIÓN EDITORIAL Jorge Jiménez Reyes, María del Rocio Vilchis Trueba,
Dalila Lizeth Sánchez Ortiz, Lucero Alejandra Morales Elizarrarás.
ELABORACIÓN DE CONTENIDO Raúl Baena Paredes, Sofía Santín Manzanera, Emily María Spence
Sosa, Leticia Huerta Díaz, Martha Silvia Vera Álvarez, Adriana
Berenice García, Celeste García Gómez, Guadalupe Rivera Padilla,
Flor Gisell Rivera Fernández, Edgar Bustos Vargas.
MAQUETACIÓN Dalila Lizeth Sánchez Ortíz, Lucero Alejandra Morales Elizarrarás
MATERIAL AUDIOVISUAL Y Genaro Guerrero Brigido, Jerusalem Feregrino Escamilla, Porfirio

DIGITAL Pérez García, Fernando Rivas Peralta, Jordin Arisandy Muthe Tzongua,
Blas Ángel Angeles Maciel, Christopher Kenny Gonzalez Alcantara,
Elvia Díaz Resendiz, Sheila Solis Serrano, Irving Tomás Lienzo Rivera,
Paulette Rosalia Pérez Ponce, Jair Ramos Morita, Sayuri Guadalupe,
Ortíz Altamirano, Enrique García Hernández, Jhazel Nallely García
Pérez, Angélica Núñez Martínez
Todos los derechos reservados a la Secretaría de Educación Pública de Hidalgo.

RECONOCIMIENTO ESPECIAL
Universidad Tecnológica de Tula-Tepeji

Irasema Linares Medina
Rectora
Universidad Politécnica Metropolitana de Hidalgo

Norma Ivonne Luna Campos
Rectora
Universidad Tecnológica de Mineral de la Reforma

Víctor Manuel del Villar Delgadillo
Rector
Universidad Tecnológica del Valle del Mezquital

Marco Antonio Ocadiz Cruz
Rector
Universidad Tecnológica de la Huasteca Hidalguense

Ricardo Rodríguez Alarcón
Rector
Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo

José Antonio Zamora Guido
Rector
Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo

Dr. Arturo Gil Borja
Rector
GOVERNOR´S MESSAGE
La Agenda para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la The Agenda for the Sustainable Development of the
Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha establecido United Nations Organization has established among its
entre sus objetivos para el año 2030: erradicar la objectives for the year 2030: to eradicate poverty,
pobreza, mejorar las condiciones de vida de la improve the living conditions of the people and achieve
población y lograr la rápida transición a una economía rapid transition to a low-carbon-based economy thus
baja en emisiones de carbono y resiliente al cambio
climático. Para ello, la educación superior tiene un papel caring for climate change; to this end, higher education
fundamental para generar las condiciones que permitan has a key role to create conditions which may enable
promover la prosperidad y la supervivencia de las the promotion of prosperity and the survival of present
generaciones presentes y futuras, ya que constituye una and future generations. Education is one of the areas of
de las áreas del quehacer humano que ha tenido human endeavor that has suffered substantial
trasformaciones sustanciales con el advenimiento de la transformations with the advent of the society of
sociedad del conocimiento y con la creciente dinámica knowledge and with the growing dynamics of
del desarrollo tecnológico. technological development.
En este sentido, el Plan Estatal de Desarrollo 2016-2022
considera como uno de sus objetivos estratégicos de In this direction, the State Development Plan 2016-2022
mayor relevancia: Impartir servicios educativos con considers education as one of its major, relevant and
suficiencia, calidad y relevancia; que se garantice el strategic objectives: to offer education services with
acceso a la educación con igualdad de oportunidades y adequacy, quality and relevance which ensures access
que se destinen recursos a programas de impacto que to better opportunities, allocating resources to create
incidan en la mejora de las condiciones de bienestar de programs which may have an impact on the welfare of
la persona. Es por ello que desde el principio de mi the person. This is the reason why I committed myself to
administración me comprometí a hacer de Hidalgo un make Hidalgo a national reference in educational
referente en materia educativa a nivel nacional, con la matters since the beginning of my administration, with
finalidad de potenciar y satisfacer los niveles de
desarrollo económico, social y cultural de todas las the aim of enhancing and meeting the best economic,
regiones del estado. social and cultural development levels in all regions of
the state.
Sabemos que la mejora y la alineación de las
competencias clave para favorecer la inserción al We know that the improvement and alignment of key
mercado laboral de los egresados de educación competences to integrate new graduates into the labor
superior constituye uno de los desafíos más importantes market represents one of the main challenges we face
a los que nos enfrentamos como país y como estado. as a country and as a state. Therefore, we are
Por ello, estamos empeñados en brindar a los jóvenes committed to providing the young university students
universitarios las herramientas y apoyos que les
permitan continuar sus estudios profesionales y the tools and support to allow them to continue and
desarrollar las competencias, los conocimientos conclude their professional studies and develop the
técnicos y las habilidades transversales necesarias para technical knowledge and competences which will
una gran variedad de alternativas ocupacionales. Una de enable them to acquire cross-cutting skills, necessary
estas habilidades es el dominio del idioma inglés. for a wide variety of occupational alternatives. One of
these skills is the command of the English language.
Mastering the English language allows individuals to
access a great number of ideas, scientific processes
and information resources only available in that
language. Furthermore, it gives access to an enormous
cultural heritage in all senses. Consequently, being able
to communicate well in English empowers people and
enables professionals to take advantage of global
scenarios using knowledge and information.
It is clear that Hidalgo seeks to raise its competitiveness

on the national and international contexts, proof of this
is that we have become the new economic destination
of Mexico, thanks to the strategies aimed at attracting
investment that has, as never before, been coming to
our territory. We know that the English language
proficiency will be crucial to make Hidalgo attractive as
a state and Mexico as a country. This will permit us to
aspire to a greater economic and social development,
hence better life quality of Hidalgo’s population.
Dominar el idioma inglés permite a los individuos We certainly acknowledge that in today’s globalized
acceder a un cúmulo de ideas, procesos científicos y context, English cannot be considered just one more
recursos de información disponibles en esa lengua. language. Being proficient in the language may expand
Permite también el acercamiento a un enorme and potentiate the possibilities for communication and
patrimonio cultural en todos los sentidos, de manera
que poder comunicarse adecuadamente en inglés collaboration of individuals. By speaking English,
permite empoderar a las personas y habilitar a los people may connect to the world. Conversely, not
profesionistas para insertarse de manera adecuada en knowing the language reduces the possibilities to
diferentes escenarios globales, mediante el acceso al interact with people from other latitudes, to learn and
conocimiento y el aprovechamiento de la información. to collaborate globally.
Es claro que Hidalgo busca elevar su competitividad en Dear student, today you are granted these materials
el concierto nacional e internacional, prueba de ello es which were designed and made by professionals of the
que nos hemos convertido en el nuevo destino state higher educational system to support your
económico de México gracias a las estrategias de
atracción de la inversión que de manera historica han learning and help you improve your English
llegado al territorio hidalguense. Sabemos proficiency. In Hidalgo, we want to train people who
que el dominio del idioma ingles incrementará el interés may build and sustain a society where values such as
por nuestro estado y por consiguiente por nuestro país, justice, equality, inclusion, tolerance and respect
lo que nos permitirá aspirar a un mayor desarrollo prevail. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare global and
económico y social que se traduzca en mejor calidad de intercultural professionals who are able to understand
vida de la población hidalguense. their country, their region and the whole world.
Reconocemos que, en el contexto globalizado actual, el We know that you, your parents and your teachers want
inglés no puede considerarse un idioma más, ya que su
dominio puede amplíar y potencializar las posibilidades a better future for Hidalgo. So do I. On these grounds, I
de comunicación y colaboración de las personas. Si una want to tell you that you and the prosperity to your
persona sabe inglés, puede conectarse con el mundo y families are the center and reason for these material to
si lo desconoce, entonces las posibilidades de be conceived. Hence, we are totally certain that
interactuar con personas de otras latitudes, de aprender investing in education is the best investment we can
y de colaborar en forma global, se reducen make to achieve our objective: May Hidalgo grow, but
considerablemente. grow with you!
Estimado estudiante, hoy pongo en tus manos este
material que fue diseñado y realizado por maestros del
Omar Fayad Meneses.

sistema educativo estatal de nivel superior para apoyar
tu aprendizaje y contribuir a mejorar tu nivel de dominio
del idioma inglés. En Hidalgo queremos formar personas
capaces de construir y sostener una sociedad en la que
prevalezcan valores como la justicia, la igualdad, la
inclusión, la tolerancia y el respeto.
Para ello es necesario formar profesionistas globales e

interculturales que sean capaces de comprender tanto a
su páis y a su region, como al mundo entero. Estamos
completamente convencidos que ustedes, sus
padres y maestros, al igual que yo, quieren un
mejor futuro para Hidalgo. Por ello quiero decirles
que el centro y motivo de este material son
ustedes y la prosperidad de sus familias, porque
tenemos la convicción y la certeza de que invertir
en educación es la mejor inversión que podemos
hacer para lograr que ¡Hidalgo crezca, pero que
crezca contigo!
Omar Fayad Meneses.

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UNIT 1 Fast as light
LESSON A SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. TALK TO A PARTNER.
• Who discovered the electricity?
• Who invented the lightbulb?
• Do you know how energy is

generated?
• Have you ever heard about a

Synchrotron?
2. LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING WORDS (1-10) AND MATCH THEM TO PICTURES (a-f).
1.
10.
2.
a. X –Rays __________
9.
b. Synchrotron __________
3.
c. Radiation __________
d. Microwaves __________
e. Magnetic field __________
f.
8.
Beamlines __________
4.
g. Source __________
h. Storage ring __________
i. Pulses __________
j. Particle __________
7. 5.
6.
3. LISTEN TO A STUDENT TALKING ABOUT AN INTERESTING SCIENCE MACHINE AND
FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE MISSING INFORMATION.
s
ention
r a n g e of inv -
e
g a wid rt scien
is d isplayin t r ie s suppo
log y ou n idal-
a y s , t echno li v e s . Many c - p la y er; in H
Nowad improv
e our at team
e lp u s is a ls o a gre
that h o
d Mexic _____ .
a rch, an ________
ce r e s e . _ ell! A
r e w il l be a 1
it d oes. W
go, the or wh
at and
it is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______,
what _ of 3. ns as
h t w onder . _ _ _ _ _ ________ c h in e functio
ig 2
You m is a pow
erful
field. T
his ma pt in a
o t ro n t b a ll ro n s are ke
Synch r a fo o
the ele
c t g an
t t h e size of h e r e h t g e neratin
it is ab
ou ______ w ed of li
g
__ , and
r 4 . ________ o s t t he spe ._ _ _ _ ________
la 5
a circu bit to a
lm
throug
h tists to
c ir c ular or h t ravels a b le s scien
close d h ic e n ess
b r ig h t light w _ _ _ _ _ _ __ and a t t h e brightn
ely . ____ _ _ h erful
extrem to a 6 ’s say t er pow
e c t e d p a r t ic les; let a s u p
it is d
ir er s its
ll y t in y matt o n w orks a _ _ _ _ _ that em
a r _
observ
e re nchrot . ______
__ d of
b y the Sy h e a rt is a 7 d s o me kin
e d ally, it s n
produc _____ a
o p e . Technic e s 9 ._ ________
c t
micros d crea
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ an ely
8.___ _ _ _. d extrem
_ _ _ _ _ _ a n
10._____ resting ed by
a r e inte y d evelop
ron s ma ll run
, S y nchrot h a re nor t s c ie ntist to
s
Definit
ely whic the be
e p rojects a n d r equire
iv n
expens boratio
t io n al colla
intern a logy
u ra t e ly. in techno
cc g
them a growin when it
H id a lgo is d y t o visit it
that Be rea
y o u know ic re s earch.
Now, scient if
e s t m e nts and
inv rs.
its doo
opens
4. MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE WORDS.
1. A machine that achieves a high speed by means of electric Syncrotron

or electromagnetic fields.
2. A vibration of energy, sound or light. X-rays
3. A circular device that keeps the energy created by a
particle accelerator. Radiation
4. A thing from which something comes or is obtained.
5. They are tunnels which convey bright light that contains Microwaves
photons or electrons and even extreme ultra violet light.
6. It is the area around magnets containing magnetic forces Magnetic Field
that attract or reject each other.
7. Forms of electromagnetic radiation and their frequency is Beamlines
measured in MHz and GHz, they are also used for
communications and heating. Source
8. It is the emission of high-energy particles as
electromagnetic waves. It can also cause health effects like Storage ring
cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
9. You can create pictures with this kind of energy which can Pulse
pass through solid objects to show images of its inside.
10. The smallest molecular portion of any matter. Particle
LESSON B MANKIND AND SCIENCE
1. LOOK AT THE PICTURE, THEN

READ THE QUESTIONS AND
DISCUSS THE ANSWERS.
1. What do you see?

2. Do you know him?
3. What’s his legacy?
4. Have you ever discovered
something?
2. LISTEN TO SOMEONE REFLECTING ON TECHNOLOGY AND NUMBER THE PHRASES.
___________________________ around sixty in the world and some others as …

… among others, ________________________ in the history and development of science.
The discovery of fire, ______________________________, electricity, the beginning of …
It is amazing to think about _________________________________ in the enormous …
I can´t wait to see what is _______________________!
… which uses _________________________ and generates beamlines. Its spectrum …
3. LISTEN AGAIN AND COMPLETE THE PHRASES.
4. LISTEN AGAIN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
1. What does the speaker say about events like The Industrial Revolution and the beginning of computers?
2. What did you understand about the Synchrotron?
3. Explain in your own words the impact of technology in daily life.
4. Do you agree with the speaker? Why? Why not?
5. Could you think about any disadvantages of technology?
6. Could you think about the advantages of technology?
7. How do you use technology at school?
8. If you were a scientist, what would you like to invent or improve?
5. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS FROM THE BOX.
my our its mine hers ours his your
1. ___________ future depends on the effective use of technology.

2. Science is ___________ favorite subject.
3. Tulika Bose has done a great scientific work; the merit is all ___________.
4. I’m proud of my homework about the synchrotron, the research is absolutely___________.
5. Technology advances very fast. ___________ benefits are countless.
6. The responsibility of a better world is ___________.
7. ___________ new teacher is a famous scientist.
8. John Howard is my best friend, ___________ studies about magnetic fields are amazing.
GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE

LESSON C A SYNCHROTRON?
1. TALK TO A PARTNER, DISCUSS THE QUESTIONS.
1. Look at the picture. What do you think the article is going to be about?
2. What do you think a synchrotron is?
3. What are particles?
2. READ THE ARTICLE ABOUT A SYNCHROTRON. ARE THE SENTENCES BELOW TRUE
(T) OR FALSE (F)?
Looking into the core of an

exceptionally bright future
Have you ever wondered why we have rovers exploring mars but we cannot effectively cure cancer? Well,
you might be surprised if I told you that the answer resides at the interior of a highly sophisticated piece
of scientific equipment and facility that will soon find its residency in Hidalgo, I am talking about the
synchrotron, and what is a synchrotron? You might ask yourself; well, in a nutshell, it is a particle
accelerator, a machine that uses intense magnetic fields to accelerate particles, namely electrons, in
order to shoot them inside what is called a storage ring, an enclosed circular path through which these
electrons circulate continuously for twenty-four hours almost at the speed of light, producing
exceptionally bright light called synchrotron radiation, this light is conveyed into the beam lines, paths
that take the light generated to experimental end stations where scientists conduct different kinds of
experiments. This technology that, at first glance, appears to be part of a science fiction movie, was
originally designed for scientific and experimental purposes only, the aim was to detect and observe
subatomic structural components of materials that would otherwise be invisible to the naked eye,
however, these particle accelerators quickly brought about a variety of unanticipated positive collateral
effects that have diverse applications that range from chemistry and physics to electronics, medicine
and even archaeology. One example of the impact this technology has on the field of medicine, is that
by using a kind of x-rays product of the synchrotron radiation, researchers can observe and study the
structure of certain viruses that cause diseases in humans with the aim of designing new drugs that can
attack those viruses more effectively. Another potential use is related to harnessing synchrotron x-rays
to improve the radiotherapy treatment for cancer and the imaging diagnosis of it, potentially signifying
finding a cure for the disease. This technology has been engineered and implemented in many
countries around the world, the most famous example of it is probably the large hadron collider or LHC,
built between 1998 and 2008 near Geneva, Switzerland and which is both the largest
particle collider and the largest machine in the world, with 27 kilometers in
circumference, this complex machine has made many discoveries possible
and now Mexico is also taking its place in the scientific community of the
world with the project of the Mexican synchrotron to be built in the state
of Hidalgo, this technology will literally shed a light on many problems
that currently do not have a solution, and signifies that we are very
close to looking right into the core of an exceptionally bright future.
1. It is unlikely that the answer to why there is no cure for cancer can be found using a synchrotron.
2. According to the article, there will be a synchrotron in Hidalgo in the future.
3. A synchrotron and a particle accelerator are different things.
4. A particle accelerator uses intense light to accelerate particles.
5. Electrons circulate through the storage ring at almost the speed of light.
6. The intense bright light produced receives the name of synchrotron radiation.
7. Beamlines transport the light emitted to experimental end stations where scientists experiment.
8. The purpose of this technology was originally to observe the unusual light emitted by materials.
9. The structure of certain viruses can be destroyed using x-rays product of the synchrotron radiation.
10. The LHC is the largest machine in the world.

3. DETERMINE WHAT THE WORDS IN BOLD ARE REFERRING
TO AND MATCH THE COLUMNS. FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE.
a. It is a particle accelerator.
b. The synchrotron uses them to accelerate particles.
c. They circulate continuously for twenty-four hours
almost at the speed of light.
d. They shoot them inside the storage ring.
e. It is exceptionally bright light.
f. This bright light is conveyed into them.
g. Without this technology, they would be invisible.
h. Particle accelerators brought about a variety of them.
i. They can observe the structure of certain viruses.
j. They built it between 1998 and 2008
Electrons
Researchers
Intense magnetic fields
The LHC
Synchrotron radiation
Positive collateral effects
Subatomic structural components of materials.
a The synchrotron
Beamlines
The particles

4. READ THE TEXT AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION. FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE
e
orks at th
h y s ic s , (1 ) she / it w
p is
fessor of ) she / it
Tulika Bos
e is a pro
ev e S w it zerland, (2
er in Gen is
ron Collid ) It / She
Large Had ic le a c c elerator. (3
mous part subatomic
the world
’s most fa d iffe re n t kinds of
tting ulika
y w o rk in g on spo
in g fo r (4 ) it / her. T
currentl mely excit been
, a jo b th at is extre (5 ) it / s he hasn’t
particle s HC ,
ts at the L ts and wa
it for
w it h o th er scientis x p e ri m e n
works ee
onduct th Tulika
r (6 ) th e m / it to c o t n e w particles.
easy fo rder to sp . She
th e m to work in o lh i in In d ia, in 1996
(7) it / D e
iversity of er first
d p h y s ic s at the un m e n t s h e opened h
studie ce the mo rtant
e lo v e d physics sin ) s h e / it is so impo
h
says s as little, (8 up to this
day.
s b o o k w hen she w ) it / th e m
physic (10
onserves
) it / h e r that she c
for (9
5. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE PREVIOUS TEXT. FOLLOW

THE EXAMPLE.
The word you selected in number 1 refers to: Tulika Bose
1. The word selected in number 2 refers to:

LESSON D THE ONLY ONE IN MEXICO
1. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. WHAT DOES THE WORD “ONE” MEAN IN THE
FIRST EXAMPLE? WHAT DOES THE WORD “ONES” MEAN IN THE SECOND EXAMPLE?
• A synchrotron is a great infrastructure. With this one, people can create X-rays.
• Radiations could be produced by the synchrotron. These ones are useful in medical treatments.
2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH “ONE” OR “ONES”.
• Mexico is going to have its first synchrotron and this _______________ is going to be in Hidalgo.
• X-rays can also help deciphering scrolls, those _______________ that if we tried to open, could be destroyed.
• Which _______________ do you think is better, the synchrotron or the cyclotron?
• Our governor is the _______________ who is supporting this project.
• The particles go through the magnetic field and those _______________ radiate energy.
• During the process, the synchrotron radiates light as X-rays or infrared. These _______________ are just two
examples.
• Which light do you think helps in the medicine field? – The _______________ that’s called X-rays.
• Many researchers will be able to work at the synchrotron of Hidalgo. These _______________ are going to help
to improve our lives.
3. CLICK ON THE FOLLOWING LINKS, READ AND WATCH MORE INFORMATION ABOUT
SYNCHROTRONS.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UGOJW3yPSk
• https://stfc.ukri.org/innovation/european-synchrotron-radiation-facility/
• https://www.esrf.eu/about/synchrotron-science
4. USE YOUR OWN WORDS TO DESCRIBE WHAT A SYNCHROTRON IS. (80-100 WORDS)
LESSON E BECOME A SCIENTIST
1. GET IN PAIRS. THINK ABOUT THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING A

SYNCHROTRON IN HIDALGO.
Advantages Disadvantages
2. GET WITH ANOTHER PARTNER AND DISCUSS YOUR IDEAS.
3. IMAGINE THAT YOU ARE A SCIENTIST AND YOU ARE GOING TO USE THE
SYNCHROTRON, WHAT WILL YOU STUDY IN EACH FIELD?
CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY
MEDICINE
ARCHAEOLOGY ENVIRONMENT
4. CHOOSE ONLY ONE FIELD. RECORD YOURSELF TALKING ABOUT WHY YOU CHOSE
THAT FIELD. SEND YOUR AUDIO TO YOUR TEACHER. INCLUDE:
• Subject and object pronouns

• Possessive adjectives and pronouns
• One and ones
UNIT 1 Test
GRAMMAR /5
1. CHOOSE THE LETTER THAT HAS THE MISTAKE.
1. Mari has a cat and a dog; she always plays with it in the morning.
A B C D
2. The cars that I really like is the ones over there.
A B C D
3. I can’t believe it; she has a really big house and your is smaller.
A B C D
4. Did you hear that George girlfriend got a scholarship? She is moving to France.
A B C D
5. These are my books, and those one in the locker are yours.
A B C D
VOCABULARY /5
2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS BELOW.
x–rays radiation source pulses particles
1. Kathy had an accident, and she was asked to get some ____________________ to verify that all her vital organs
were safe.
2. It is believed that Democrito named the smallest indivisible ____________________ of matter as atoms.
3. In 2011, Japan faced huge ____________________ problems when there was an explosion in the nuclear power
plant of Fukoshima.
4. Fuel is not the only ____________________ that helps cars to move; nowadays, hybrid and electric cars produce
their own energy.
5. Electric __________ are what make humans’ hearts beat.
READING / 10
3. READ THE ARTICLE AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
Do you listen to music when you feel sad? That is great, however, I am not talking
about happy music that could cheer you up, quite the opposite, I mean sad music,
the kind that can bring tears to your eyes. There is always that one song that will
inevitably make you cry but to which you are curiously attracted. Some people take
that state of being to the extreme and even listen to that sad song when they are
feeling blue in order to feel sadder!
Are you one of them? If you are, have you ever wondered why you do it? Don’t feel
bad, it is not because you are a masochist. Science has the answer, you are not
crazy; actually, you are one of millions of people who, without knowing it, use the
intense evocative power of songs to stimulate the production of hormones in their
brains that have the power of ultimately making them feel better. This is possible in
big part thanks to a hormone called oxytocin, which is produced in your brain every
time you experience empathy, the effects of oxytocin in your blood and brain
include, becoming more generous, trusting others more, and feeling deeply
connected to them, you are very familiar with this sensation, that incontrollable
emotion that you experience every time Rose says goodbye to Jack in Titanic, or
when you see that sad sequence at the beginning of the movie Up by Disney-Pixar
where Mr. Frederiksen and his wife meet, fall in love, marry and grow old together
until she gets sick and dies; what you experience then is oxytocin flooding your
brain and bloodstream, when this hormone is released, one cannot refrain from
feeling deeply human, vulnerable and warm, it is a beautiful sensation.
Well, that is exactly what sad songs do to us when we feel already sad, the mellow
tunes and touching lyrics along with memories evoked by the song, unavoidably
make us feel empathic and our brains drown in oxytocin triggering a deep human
sensation that later generates a cascade of other neurotransmitters and hormones
such as endorphins and dopamine, which eventually make you feel happy and
without physical pain.
Many therapists and scientists around the world use sad songs as a treatment for
sadness and if you do it too, and even cry, that is perfectly normal, that means you
are trying to connect with your inner self and others around you, that is the way your
brain tells you that you need someone to hug you, and comfort you, even if that
person is Adele on the radio, so, next time you feel sad, give this a try, you might cry,
but you will undoubtedly feel better at the end.
1. According to the article we all __________________.
a) listen to happy music to cheer up

b) have a song that can potentially make us cry
c) shout when we listen to sad songs
2. According to the article __________ people listen to sad music to feel sadder.
a) all
b) a few
c) no
3. In line 5, “them” refers to _______________________.
a) people who listen to sad songs to feel sadder

b) people who feel curiously attracted to sadness
c) people who feel blue in order to get sadder
4. In line 6, “it” refers to ___________________________.
a) listening to music to cheer up

b) listening to sad music when you are already sad
c) listening to those songs that make you happy
5. According to the article, many people around the world use sad music to ___________________.
a) trigger the production of hormones which eventually lead to comfort

b) use the negative power of music to feel sad and produce hormones
c) evoke sad memories in order to feel better in the end
6. Oxytocin is produced when _____________________.
a) we experience empathy
b) we feel sad
c) we feel better
7. The following is not an effect of oxytocin:_____.
a) generosity
b) connection to others
c) serenity
8. The movies are mentioned in the article with the purpose of _________________.
a) making the reader evoke memories, release oxytocin, and feel happy
b) helping the reader to understand how oxytocin feels
c) reminding the reader of how sad the movies are and help him feel better
9. According to the article, some movies and sad songs act ___________________.
a) in similar ways, making us feel empathic and releasing oxytocin

b) in different ways, making us feel happy after oxytocin leaves our bodies
c) in ways that make our brains drown in neurotransmitters that make us sad
10. According to the article, sadness is _________.
a) an emotion that some use against themselves in order to feel less empathic and sadder
b) an emotion that pushes us to seek connection with others and comfort
c) an emotion that is undesirable and that represents a risk to mental health
LISTENING / 10
4. LISTEN TO SOMEONE TALKING ABOUT PEOPLE AND TECHNOLOGY, THEN CHOOSE THE
CORRECT OPTION ACCORDING TO THE AUDIO.
1. The speaker is talking about…
a) The origins of technology.

b) Social effects of technology.
c) The future of technology.
2. Tech addicts are people who…
a) Reject technology.
b) Are working on new technologies.
c) Are obsessed with technology.
3. According to the audio…
a) Being a tech addict is terrible.

b) It’s common to become a tech addict.
c) Tech addicts are always working.
4. Tech addicts…
a) Depend on technological tools.

b) Develop any kind of apps.
c) Don´t care about their environment.
5. Other ways to stay “connected” to the environment means…
a) Face to face communication is important too.

b) That we can´t miss a charger.
c) That we must get different electronic devices.
6. Being a tech addict gives you multitasking skills.
a) True
b) False
c) Not mentioned
7. Today´s technology…
a) Makes many daily activities easier.

b) Makes everyone addicted.
c) Can solve all your problems.
8. Why is being a tech addict not necessarily wrong?
a) Because it makes you happy.

b) Because it only means adapting to new stuff.
c) Because it doesn’t make any difference in your daily routine.
9. This lecture is probably taking place …
a) in a hospital.
b) at the airport.
c) in a classroom.
10. The speaker is concerned about technology addiction.
a) True
b) False
c) Not mentioned
WRITING / 10
5. LOOK AT THE PHOTOS. CHOOSE ONE OF THEM AND WRITE ABOUT:
• Why you picked it.

• Advantages and disadvantages.
• The way it impacts your life.
(Between 80-100 words)
SPEAKING / 10
6. WORK IN PAIRS AND IMAGINE THAT YOU ARE SCIENTISTS. HAVE A CONVERSATION
ABOUT WORKING IN THE SYNCHROTRON. CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING IDEAS:
• Whether or not you would work at the synchrotron.

• The field you would like to study and why.
• How society would benefit from your research.
TOTAL SCORE: _____ / 50

UNIT 2 Solar Power
LESSON A PHOTOVOLTAIC PARK
1. GET IN GROUPS. DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. How do you think we could take advantage from solar energy?

2. Nowadays, how is solar energy used?
3. What advantages does solar energy have over wind energy?
2. LABEL THE IMAGES USING THE WORDS FROM THE BOX.
GWh solar panels photovoltaic state-of-the-art array boost fossil fuel

carbon dioxide photovoltaic park inexhaustible
3. MATCH THE PICTURES WITH THE DEFINITIONS.
ething.
T h e v ariety of som
isplay of som
eth in g . nd houses.
e m e n t o r d m e d b y c ompanies a
a. The arrang d to measure
energy con
su
n e rg y u se
b. A unit of e bundance.
existing in a technology.
c. S o m e th in g
sc ri b e the newest
that is used
to d e panels.
d je c ti ve c tr ic it y using solar
d. A n a
turned into
e le
c e w h e re sunlight is
e. A p la rease. icity.
e th in g im prove or inc rm su n lig ht into electr
m o
f. To make so scribes dev
ices that tra
nsf
th a t d e ity. organisms.
g. An adjecti ve
su n lig h t into electric m a in s o f a ncient living
orm re
sed to transf ed from the
h. A device u c e e n e rg y that is form
du
e used to pro
i. A substanc urning carb
on.
a s p ro duced by b
j. A g
4. LISTEN AND REPEAT.
1. GWh 6. Boost
2. Solar panels 7. Fossil fuel
3. State-of-the-art 8. Carbon dioxide
4. Array 9. Photovoltaic park
5. Inexhaustible 10. Photovoltaic
5. USE THE WORDS FORM EXERCISE 4 TO CREATE FIVE SENTENCES. SHARE THEM
WITH YOUR CLASSMATES.
Example: There are several solar panels at the university
LESSON B WHAT A NATURAL POWER
1. LOOK AT THE PICTURE AND DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER.
1. What can you see in the picture?

2. What is it called?
3. Is it expensive to develop a project like this?
4. Is there one in Hidalgo?
2. READ THE EXTRACT TEXT AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION.
Another interesting economic project in our state we can benefit from is a

photovoltaic park, and you might wonder what it is. Well! A photovoltaic park is a
photovoltaic solar station. It is also known as a solar farm or as a solar power plant.
Anyway! At the end the result is the same, no matter what name you prefer or how
you decide to call it. Its main characteristic is to transform solar energy into
electricity through a large number of solar panels carefully and accurately aligned
facing the sky and absorbing each beam of light from the sun.
Undoubtedly, you could think that this is a state-of-the-art technology, and I am

really sorry for disappointing you, but it isn’t a brand new topic, let me tell you that
back in 1839 Edmond Becquerel accidentally discovered the photovoltaic effect
with a cell made of metal electrodes using a conducting solution, he also realized
that this cell generated more electricity when exposed to sun light.
Years later several scientists discovered different materials which work as

photovoltaic conductors such as selenium, crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon,
gallium arsenide, among others, that helped improve photovoltaic cells
performance. In 1954 Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller and Gerald Pearson came up with
better performance solar cells which were later used to assemble the photovoltaic
solar panel array for the Nimbus satellite in 1964.
Nowadays, different countries are integrating these new technologies in order to

meet our society´s energy demands and to face the global warming effect by
implementing renewable energy sources to satisfy both the energy demand and the
environmental crises; therefore, our authorities are working hard in Hidalgo, there
will be a solar power plant in Emiliano Zapata, better known as Nueva Xcala
Photovoltaic Park.
This incredible project allows our government and businessmen to generate more
job opportunities and improve life quality in Hidalgo. Just imagine, this photovoltaic
solar plant will generate 486, 313 GWh per year, enough to power a whole city. As
you already know, these kinds of investments require huge amounts of money and
extremely great trained employees. Fortunately, many people are currently studying
something related to energy in different universities located in our beautiful state.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage? 5. According to the text what are the benefits of
these kinds of projects?
a) To show the reader the power of energy.
b) To let the reader know about new techno- a) The global economy gets more stable.
logies. b) Just a few people benefit and the rest have
c) To encourage the reader to take advantage to work.
of the new opportunities in Hidalgo. c) The locals can improve their income and
d) To help the reader visualize himself in the enjoy a better life.
future. d) Foreign investment helps the government
improve the facilities.
2. According to the passage which statement is
NOT true? 6. What was probably the previous paragraph
about?
a) Solar panels are made of silicon and other
materials. a) Other solar power plants in Hidalgo.
b) The field of solar energy is totally new. b) Another way to generate energy.
c) Anyone can benefit from these kind of c) How hidalgo encourages renewable energy
projects. sources.
d) Edmond Becquerel came upon the d) A different program from which we can
photovoltaic effect. benefit.
3. The word state-of-the-art can be closest in 7. According to the passage which of the
meaning to: following statements is TRUE.
a) Something that people use every day. a) Many people in Hidalgo are studying
b) An action that is happening now. something related to energy.
c) General information about solar energy. b) The authorities believe Hidalgo has a great
d) Something that is new and not very potential.
common. c) Foreign investment is not enough.
d) Solar power plants are generating 486, 313
4. The following phrase “different countries are MWh per year.
integrating these new technologies in order
to meet our society´s energy demands “can 8. This is probably a reading assignment for ….
best be replaced by:
a) a history class.
a) Many countries use clean energies to save b) a business class.
the planet and to satisfy our necessities. c) an energy class.
b) All around the world people are becoming d) a science class.
more conscious about pollution.
c) There is a worldwide movement to use
renewable energy sources.
d) In different parts of the world people are
building photovoltaic power plants.
3. READ THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS AND CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.
1. The Nueva Xcala Photovoltaic Park needs / is needing a huge investment.

2. Solar cells turn / are turning solar energy into electricity.
3. Engineers don’t work / aren’t working at the station now.
4. The Government works / is working hard in this project.
5. Different universities offer / are offering majors on energy.
6. Now, Johnny doesn’t believe / isn’t believing that this is possible.
7. The local economy grows / is growing in Hidalgo right now.
8. A solar power plant gives / is giving many people the opportunity to have a job.
9. People who take / are taking a deep breath can have clearer ideas.
10. Many people don’t consider / aren’t considering the huge opportunity at the moment.
4. USE THE WORDS FROM THE BOX TO COMPLETE THE INFORMATION. USE THE
VERBS IN PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS.
power face do (x2) consist transform waste work pay start
As you already know, a solar power plant 1. __________________ of

many solar panels or solar cells which 2. __________________ solar
energy into alternating current (AC) that 3. __________________ all of
the electronic devices either at home or at work. Right now,
Hidalgo 4. __________________ a historical transformation in terms of
technology and renewable energy sources. Actually, different
groups of scientists 5. __________________ research on this field.
Don’t you feel proud of our state? The government, private com-
panies and the whole society 6. __________________ hard to make
Hidalgo’s economy stronger than ever before.
Maybe, many locals 7. __________________ attention to these events
because of many different situations, but it is necessary to be
informed all of the time. When people are well informed some-
thing magical 8. __________________ to happen, but not everybody
9. __________________ their job and of course just a few people
are committed. So, 10. __________________ your time and
invest your time and knowledge to take advantage of
the benefits.
LESSON C A NEW PHOTOVOLTAIC PARK
1. Do you know if there is any photovoltaic park in Hidalgo?

2. Do you know how a photovoltaic park works?
3. What benefits do you think photovoltaic parks bring to the place they are in?
2. LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
1. How many objectives does the “Agenda 2030” from the UN have?
2. Hidalgo is creating a society and an economy based on…
3. What has the governor boosted?
4. The Atlas Renewable Energy is the name of a…
5. How many homes benefit from the Atlas Renewable Energy per year?
6. What is the name of the new photovoltaic park?
7. How will the new photovoltaic park help the environment?
8. How will university students be helped?
3. READ THE EXTRACT TEXT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
• The project staff plans 486,313 GWh to be generated per year in the new photovoltaic park Nueva Xcala.
• The ENGIE Group is building the new photovoltaic park in Hidalgo during the following years.
1. In which tense are the sentences written?
2. Do they talk about present, past or future events?

4. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. What time _________ we _________ Diana?

a. does /meet b. are / meeting c. are /meets
2. The photovoltaic park tour _________ at 8:30 a.m.

a. is starting b. start c. starts
3. Rural areas _________ benefits from the new photovoltaic park.

a. are getting b. is getting c. gets
4. The bus _________ back from the tour at 6 p.m.

a. comes b. come c. is coming
5. They _________ dinner in a fancy restaurant.

a. are have b. has c. are having
6. The concert _________ at midnight.

a. ends b. is ending c. end
7. My brother _________ tomorrow at 5 o’clock.

a. arrive b. is arriving c. arrives
8. New students _________ classes next Saturday.

a. are having b. is having c. has
9. Sandra and Carlos _________ breakfast for us at 10 o’clock.

a. cooks b. are cooking c. cook
10. They _________ work next Monday.

a. start b. starts c. are starting
5. IMAGINE THAT NEXT WEEK YOU ARE NOT HAVING CLASSES. WRITE SENTENCES
ABOUT WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO DO DURING THE WEEK. INCLUDE PLANS WITH
FRIENDS AND FAMILY, AND WRITE TIMETABLES OF YOUR PLANS.
Monday:
Tuesday:
Wednesday:
Thursday:
Friday:
Saturday:
Sunday:
LESSON D A DATE WITH TECHNOLOGY
1. What is global warming?

2. What are you doing to stop it?
2. READ THE OPINION ESSAY ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING AND MATCH THE COLUMNS.
We are already doing something about global warming but it is not enough.
Difficult as it is to believe, many people around the world still think global warming is an invention of companies
or governments; however, it is very real, and we are already suffering its effects, an example of this is that in
recent years, we have witnessed snowfalls in the northern states of Mexico, in spite of this, it seems to me that
there is a small number of people who are taking the initiative to do something to stop climate change.
Firstly, people don’t seem to be aware of how much our everyday activities contribute to global warming. For
instance, in recent years, after a video of a turtle with a plastic straw stuck in its nose became viral, lots of
people started condemning the use of plastic straws, some governments even banned their use; another
illustration of this is the use of plastic bags, once again, after footage of oceans polluted with plastic bags went
viral, people started to denounce their use, the immediate solution was banning them and switching to reusable
bags, people seem to be willing to be part of these changes; however, these measures only represent partial
solutions to the problems.
In contrast, activists and organizations have been lobbying politicians for years to enforce initiatives, programs
and laws that represent definitive solutions to global warming, such as the creation of wind and solar or photo-
voltaic parks where the energy of the wind and the sun are used to produce electricity. These organizations also
help people become aware of concepts like the carbon footprint, allowing people to gain consciousness of the
impact of everyday activities like using a computer or washing our clothes.
In conclusion, even though people are becoming more aware of environmental issues and
the role we play in making the world a better place, some measures are still not sufficient
to stop climate change, it is necessary that, in order to make a change, we open our
minds, ears and eyes to the information shared by activists and organizations and that we
help them push governments to take these problems seriously. Much as I would like to say
that it is not the end of the world, it might be if we do nothing about this.
Purpose of the paragraphs
The purpose of the title is A to contrast information provided before.

The purpose of paragraph 1 is B to inform the reader about the topic of the essay.
The purpose of paragraph 2 is C to conclude or summarize the essay.
The purpose of paragraph 3 is D to give examples that support our opinion or position.
The purpose of paragraph 4 is E to introduce the topic and opinion or position.
Linkers
The word “firstly” is similar to 1 “Another example is”.
The phrase “for instance” is similar to 2 “For example”.
The phrase “another illustration of this” is similar to 3 "To sum up”.
The phrase “in contrast” is similar to 4 “To start with” and “in the first place”.
The phrase "in conclusion” is similar to 5 “On the other hand”.
3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS FROM THE BOX.
show have help use support include summarize connect
1. An opinion essay ______________ you to communicate your position about a specific topic.
2. The first paragraph ______________ the purpose of introducing the topic and your main opinion.
3. The second paragraph ______________ examples that ______________ our opinion.
4. The third paragraph ______________ examples that are contrary or contrasting with ours.
5. The last paragraph usually ______________ our ideas.
6. We can ______________ a variety of linkers to ______________ our ideas effectively.
4. READ THE STATEMENTS BELOW AND DISCUSS THE QUESTIONS IN PAIRS.
• The photovoltaic park in Hidalgo represents a step forward in stopping global warming.
• The photovoltaic park is only the start of a greener future in Hidalgo, there is more we have to do.
• People from Hidalgo care about the environment, proof of that is the creation of the photovoltaic park.
1. Do you agree with the three statements? Why?

2. Which one do you feel more strongly about?
3. Can you list two points to support your position?
4. Can you think of an example that contrasts your position or opinion?
5. What linkers do you think would connect your ideas correctly?
6. How can you summarize your ideas?
5. USE THE IDEAS FROM THE PREVIOUS EXERCISE AND THE ESSAY IN EXERCISE 1 AS
A MODEL TO WRITE AN OPINION ESSAY ABOUT ONE OF THE STATEMENTS ABOVE,
USE THE STATEMENT AS A TITLE.180-200 WORDS.
LESSON E STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY
1. WORK WITH A PARTNER.
STEP 1: Say as many words as you remember about the photovoltaic park, and write down a list.
STEP 2: Choose the one you understand better, and write a definition using your own words.
STEP 3: Share it with your partner
2. READ AND LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION.
Julie: Hi Dante! How are you?

Dante: Hi Julie, fine… I guess.
Julie: Are you OK?
Dante: I’m worried. Next week, I’m having a Physics exam,
and I have problems to study.
Julie: Calm down pal. I could help you. I love Physics!
Dante: Really?
Julie: Sure! What’s the test about?
Dante: Photovoltaic energy.
Julie: Wow! I’m working on a project about it. I can show
you my research.
Dante: It would be great, thank you!
Julie: Let me see… Tomorrow morning I’m meeting with
my tutor, but we can meet later. What about 1 pm?
Dante: OK. Tomorrow I just have a class at 9 am, so it’s
perfect.
Julie: Deal!
3. WRITE THE PHRASES IN THE CORRECT COLUMN.
• Next week, I’m having a

Physics exam.
• I have problems
studying.
• I’m working on a project

about it.
• Tomorrow morning, I’m

meeting with my tutor.
• Tomorrow, I just have a

class at 9 am.
• I’m worried.
PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT

SIMPLE CONTINUOUS SIMPLE FOR CONTINUOUS
FUTURE FOR FUTURE
4. HAVE A SHORT CONVERSATION WITH A PARTNER USING PRESENT TENSES FOR
FUTURE AND PRESENT. FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE.
STUDENT A: Hello, are you having the exam tomorrow?

STUDENT B: No, we have it on Friday at 9 am.
STUDENT A: Lucky you! Mine is today in the afternoon.
STUDENT B: Good luck!
UNIT 2 Test
GRAMMAR /5
1. Karla and Diego _____________ in the photovoltaic park project.

a) is working b) work c) are working
2. Solar panels _____________ a lot of electricity every day.

a) generates b) generate c) is generating
3. She _____________ her friends for lunch on Saturday.

a) is meeting b) meets c) meet
4. The show _____________ in an hour.

a) is starting b) start c) starts
5. We _____________ the museum next Friday.

a) are visiting b) is visiting c) visit
VOCABULARY /5
2. USE THE WORDS FROM THE BOX TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.
inexhaustible array state-of-the art photovoltaic parks solar panel
1. Gosh! I smell something delicious; I think it comes from the_______________ of food the chef is making for the
guests.
2. It is definitely a trend. Everybody has ________________ over their roofs; it is actually a new building style.
3. Is our governor investing in more ___________________ next year? I am seriously thinking about choosing a major on
electricity.
4. The sun is an example of an ____________________source of energy. It seems like a never ending flame.
5. Wow! Nobody is going to believe it. My new phone really is a __________________ smartphone! The best in the market.
READING / 10
3. READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
Energy, the main source that powers entire cities and even human beings, has been studied and analyzed by thou-
sands of scientists throughout the history; now, specialized research helps scientists experience and discover
extremely powerful ways to manipulate it. Some people claim that unexpected events in nature have occurred
thanks to human activities and discoveries, but at the same time, this privileged knowledge is hidden from the rest
of the population.
We sometime believe that the technology we are currently working with is a state-of-the-art thing, but it is not.
Before something is launched to the market it is tested in specialized laboratories many years before we have it in
our hands. Let’s mention solar panels, they are nowadays a trendy thing, probably because of the pollution
problems that the whole world is facing right now.
Back in 1964 the Nimbus satellite had solar cells which were used to assemble the photovoltaic solar panel array of
this incredible invention that was energy self-sufficient. At that time, this kind of technology was extremely weird
and expensive. Nowadays, it is really easy to see solar panels on many roofs of the houses which supply energy at
a really low and acceptable price, reducing costs and stopping the global warming.
It is amazing that several governments around the world are working hard to contribute with good actions to the
environment by installing solar power plants in specific areas to generate electricity and obtain clean energy. These
actions are helping our environment because electric cars or green energy generators don’t burn fossil fuels that
release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, this way the greenhouse effect is decreasing.
In Hidalgo there will be a solar farm that is called Nueva Xcala Photovoltaic Park and which according to specialists,
this project pretends to generate 486, 313 GWh per year. Isn’t it incredible? The statewide consciousness is increa-
sing, and sooner or later the life quality of all of the inhabitants will be better too. Just think about it.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage? 3. According to the passage which statement is
NOT true?
a) To demonstrate how powerful the sun is.
b) To show the use, importance and history of a) Researchers have observed energy for many
energy. years.
c) To emphasize the economic opportunities in b) It is common to observe solar cells on the top of
Hidalgo. the houses.
c) Foreign investment supports the project.
2. The word claim in paragraph one is closest in
meaning to: 4. The best opposite word for “state-of-the-art” in
paragraph two is:
a) Weird
b) Affirm a) New
c) Deny b) Old
c) Sophisticated
5. What would be the best title for the passage? 8. The Nimbus satellite…
a) Science and technology a) was in orbit in the early 90’s

b) The best project ever. b) contained a variety of batteries.
c) An incredible power. c) produced its own energy.
6. What is the intention of the author in paragraph 9. This is probably a reading assignment for:
four?
a) a business class.
a) To comment about the worldwide energy b) a history class.
movement. c) a science class.
b) To mention the actions the authorities are doing.
c) To state the importance about using new energy 10. Why does the author mention “The statewide
sources. consciousness is increasing” in the last
paragraph?
7. According to the passage which statement is
TRUE? a) To exemplify the commitment of local people.
b) To emphasize some of the future benefits of the
a) CO2 causes trouble to the environment. project.
b) Global warming is not a new trend. c) To stress how teamwork helps improve life
c) Fossil fuels get trapped on the Earth´s surface. quality in Hidalgo.
LISTENING / 10
4. LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND SELECT THE CORRECT BOX.
TRUE FALSE
1. The concepts renewable and clean energy are the same.
2. There are some energies that are renewable but not clean.
3. Renewable energies do not come from nature.
4. Renewable energies regenerate continuously.
5. The word inexhaustible means that it could finish someday.
6. A clean energy does not pollute during its process.
7. A renewable energy is also called green energy.
8. Natural gas is an example of a renewable energy.
9. Nuclear energy isn’t a clean energy.
10. Wind energy is an example of a clean and renewable energy.

WRITING / 10
5. WRITE AN INFORMAL EMAIL TO A FRIEND, CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS.
• Tell a friend about your plans for the weekend and invite them to join you.
• Write between 100 and 120 words.
SPEAKING / 10
6. LOOK AT THE IMAGES, SELECT ONE AND TALK ABOUT HOW ELECTRICITY IS PRODUCED
WITH IT AND ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.

UNIT 3 Having fun
in Hidalgo!
LESSON A GREAT FOOD AND GREAT PLACES
1. LOOK AT THE PICTURES FROM EXERCISE 2 AND IMAGINE THAT YOU HAVE THE
OPPORTUNITY TO TRY ANY OF THESE DISHES. WHICH DISH WOULD YOU CHOOSE,
AND WHY?
2. MATCH THE TYPICAL FOOD WITH ITS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. WRITE THE LETTERS
(a-j) IN THE PARENTHESES.
a. c.
b. d.
( ) Brazil
( ) Italy
g. ( ) India
( ) Australia
( ) Spain
( ) Venezuela
e. (
(
) Mexico
) France
( ) Canada
( ) The United Kingdom
f. h.
i. j.
3. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AND WRITE DOWN THE MISSING WORDS ABOUT
PAOLA’S TRIP AROUND THE WORLD.
u?
ello. How are yo
Interviewer: H ring from jet la
g.
Fi ne , but I’m still suffe
Paola: art your trip?
ly ? W here did you st
Interviewer: O h, re al d (1)__________,
ut h A m er ic a first, I visite
Paola: I went to So called (2)_______
___.
ve re al ly delicious food
where they ha ting new
d I sp en t a lot of time visi
Europe, an
Then I flew to really strange,
tr ie d so m et hi ng that looked
_______ I it had a lot of
places. In (3)___ ca lle d (4)__________,
od , it’s
really go some (6)_______
___,
but it tasted __ __ _____ I enjoyed
w n in (5 )_
en, do
seafood in it. Th
d!
I have ever trie
it was the best did you go?
ds am az ing! Where else Eiffel
te rv iewer: W ow! That so un
w as m y dr ea m to visit the
In it
d (7)__________, useum they so
ld
ol a: A fter that I visite . Outside the m
Pa M us eu m
Louvre e channel to
Tower and the Th en I crossed th
(8)_ __ __ __ __ _. their
really delicious Lo nd on , w here I tried
to
_, specifically cting a
(9)_______________ ne st w ith yo u, I was expe
ho
____, I will be where I
(10)_____________ it. M ay be it was the place
d
and I didn’t fin
different flavor
bought it.
h, too bad. e back home
to
Interviewer: O on , I took a plan
af te r Lo nd
Anyway, away, I really
Paola:
__ , af te r be in g two months
(11)________ so now I’m
ni ce pl at e of (12)__________
missed a
me. Good bye.
going to get so
ood bye.
: Th an k yo u for your time. G
Interviewer
4. COMPLETE THE TEXT USING THE FOLLOWING VOCABULARY.
escamoles dish palanquetas alegrías tianguis sauce barbacoa molotes
FOOD BLOG
Have you ever been in the market or ___________ on Thursday in Tulancingo? No? Well, let
me tell you that you have missed out a good choice of delicious food. So many things to
be tasted! People from Tulancingo go there and enjoy different types of food and at the
same time they go shopping for fresh fruit, vegetables and meat.
One of them is _____________ which are prepared from corn dough. The preparation consists
of putting potato or beans inside the corn dough, then it’s fried and it is ready to eat,
accompanied by green or red _________, cheese and cream. It is a dish that can be found in
Tulancingo’s markets and tianguis on Thursday.
The best ______________ is prepared in Tulancingo, Hidalgo. The way of making it consists of
digging a hole in the ground (the oven), then placing pieces of firewood and tezontle
stones on top. A sheep is cut into pieces, all of which are placed in maguey leaves. This
produces a delicious lamb broth which is everyone’s craving on market day in Tulancingo.
The _______________ is the edible larvae from ants. A Mexican _________ with a delicious flavor
that can be enjoyed in the form of a taco. For its rich flavor it is called "Mexican Caviar".
And if you have a sweet tooth, you can enjoy delicious ______________ made of pecans or
peanuts or _____________ made of amaranto.
So now you have another reason for visiting Tulancingo. Don’t give it a second thought.
Come and enjoy!
5. HAVE YOU EVER TRIED ESCAMOLES, BARBACOA, PALANQUETAS, MOLOTES, OR
ALEGRIAS? TELL YOUR PARTNER WHICH ONE YOU PREFER, AND WHY.
I like …..
Which one do
because it has
you like more?
a delicious
taste
LESSON B HOW DID IT HAPPEN?
1. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR VACATION EXPERIENCE.
1. Where was the last time you went on vacation? If you

didn’t go anywhere, write about your favorite place.
2. Did you eat any traditional food at the location?
3. Did you like it? How was your experience?

2. READ THE TEXT AND FIND OUT ABOUT THE GUAJOLOTE. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH
THE VERBS FROM THE BOX BELOW USING THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE.
Document Enjoy Offer Be Start See Come Have
The Guajolote
Hi Friends! Let me introduce myself. My name is Francisco and I am from

the wonderful city of Tulancingo, from the state of Hidalgo. The other
day I (1)_____________ a very traditional type of food which is prepared here,
the guajolote! My friends and I have eaten this food for many years. And
that night we happened to be eating guajolotes at a small restaurant
when a friend (2)_____________ to tell us the story about this delicious food.
There are many versions about the origin of the guajolote, the most
(3)_____________ is the one that speaks of some engineers who
(4)_____________ to install electricity to our city. It (5)________ December and
they were far from their home, they were working and were hungry.
They were approaching the portals, when they (6)_____________ a woman

who was preparing food on a “comal”. The owner no longer
(7)_____________ almost anything to offer them, so she
(8)_____________ to prepare something different for
Hi them with how little she had, and as a reference to
Fri
end being New Year's Eve. By way of a joke they said it
s!
was their Christmas turkey or their guajolote. And
this is the way it started being called a GUAJOLOTE.
And ever since, Tulancingo has been famous for being

the place where it was originally prepared.
3. READ THE ARTICLE AGAIN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
1. Where is the guajolote originally from?
2. How long have Francisco and his friends eaten guajolotes?
3. What were the engineers going to do in Tulancingo?
4. Why did the woman prepare this dish for them?
5. Where did they find this woman?
6. Where did the name “guajolote” come from?
7. Why is Tulancingo famous for?
8. How is the guajolote prepared?
4. RETELL THE STORY OF THE GUAJOLOTE IN YOUR OWN WORDS. WRITE IT ON THE
LINES BELOW. YOU MAY WANT TO USE THESE VERBS.
Introduce Prepare Be See Offer

5. WORK IN PAIRS. TALK ABOUT HOW YOU PREPARE A TYPICAL DISH OF THE PLACE
WHERE YOU LIVE. USE THE QUESTIONS BELOW TO HELP YOU.
1. What is the name of the dish? 4. How do you prepare it?
2. When and where is that food sold? 5. Do you know the origin of that dish?
3. What are the ingredients for preparing it?
LESSON C IMPROVEMENTS IN HIDALGO
1. DID YOU KNOW HIDALGO HAS DEVELOPED A LOT IN THE LAST FEW YEARS? READ
THE FOLLOWING TEXT TO DISCOVER THOSE IMPORTANT CHANGES.
1. ______________________________________________
Hidalgo has been doing very well for the last few years, it has a lot of potential to continue
prospering and demonstrating why it is the new economic destination of Mexico. Thanks to
the daily effort of those who proudly live in Hidalgo, the state is growing very fast into a fine
place to live, where everyone can develop their potential.
2. ______________________________________________
Hidalgo has great qualities which are being used to elevate its attraction as an economic
destination, among which are:
• 3. _________________________________. The geographic location of Hidalgo is excellent because of

its proximity to one of the biggest markets in the world: El Valle de México. Moreover, it has
an infrastructure that connects it easily to the ports on the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific
Ocean. It is also very near to five of the most important airports in Mexico: Puebla, Toluca,
Queretaro, Mexico City and Santa Lucía.
• 4. _________________________________. Hidalgo is one of the five safest states in the country,

according to the Índice de Paz Mexico, 2019. This has been made possible thanks to
strategies like Hidalgo Seguro, which has the C5i: Control center, Command,
Communications, Computers, Coordination and Intelligence, and is technologically the
most sophisticated in Latin America, with more than 6,500 surveillance cameras.
• 5. _________________________________. Private investment has grown by approximately 160%,

which means more than 60 billion pesos in investments and the creation of more than 23
thousand permanent jobs for the people of the state.
• 6. _________________________________ Private investors that have been concentrating on Hidalgo
are principally from Europe, North America, South America, Asia, and Mexico. These have
boosted the strategic sectors for the development of the state in renewable energies; also,
Hidalgo has the biggest solar park in the center of the country. It is the main producer of
electrical cars in Mexico. And now it has the biggest brewery* in Mexico.
7. ______________________________________________
All of the above conditions and results make Hidalgo one of the six national states with the
best direct foreign investment growth, which increases its ability to compete as an
economic destination.
*beer producer.
2. NOW THAT YOU HAVE READ THE TEXT, PUT THE FOLLOWING HEADLINES TO EACH
PARAGRAPH.
Strategic location
Security
Investment and job growth
Advantages
Hidalgo, new economic destination of Mexico.

3. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND CHANGE THEM TO THE PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE.
1. Hidalgo has a lot of support from its government.
2. Many foreigners invest in Hidalgo lately.
3. Security is one of the biggest concerns in the state.
4. Hidalgo develops an excellent growth strategy.
5. The C5i uses a lot of technology in recent years.
6. Transportation increases because of its proximity to other states.
7. Communication grows at a fast speed.
8. Hidalgo’s natural beauty attracts many tourists in recent years.
4. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE USING A SUITABLE VERB FROM THE BOX.
Has arrived Hasn’t answered Hasn’t done Hasn’t eaten Hasn’t phoned
Has been thinking Has run Has been waiting
1. James is very tired lately because he has been

running every day at 8 o’clock. Today he
__________________________ 12 km. and he still goes for 5
km. more.
2. Henry is really angry. He __________________________ at

the theatre early and he __________________________ for
Emily for an hour, but she __________________________
him and she __________________________ his phone calls,
and the play is almost going to start.
Remember that we use the Present

3. Jane is really hungry, she __________________________
Perfect for finished and permanent
anything for breakfast. She __________________________ actions, focusing on the result, and the
Present Perfect Continuous is used for
well in her English course because she
unfinished or temporary actions, focusing
__________________________ about food all the time. on the duration of the action.
5. READ THIS WHATSAPP CONVERSATION AND COMPLETE IT WITH THE VERBS IN THE
BOX. WRITE 1 – 9 ON THE LINES.
1. haven’t had Pablo

2. have been
3. Have you bought
TODAY
4. have you ever been
5. haven’t
Hi Martha. I ______________ a lot lately, so I need
6. have been preparing
a new pair of tennis shoes. _______________ some
7. have always loved tennis shoes recently?
8. have been walking 10:35
9. have thought
Sorry Pablo, I __________. But my brother has, if
you want me to ask him, I could recommend
a good pair for you.
10:35
Sure, please ask him. I _______________which

brand is the best and I ____________ that Pirma
has good quality and low prices.
10:35
Let me check. By the way, ______________to my

family’s coffee shop? 10:35
No, I ___________ enough time, I promise to go

soon. 10:51
Sure. I _____________ a lot of coffee lately for all

of our clients. Hope to see you there soon,
you will love it! 10:35
I ______________ a good cup of coffee in the

morning; I will see you there tomorrow. It’s
that ok with you?
10:35
Yes, I am going to be there from 9 o’ clock.

10:35
Excellent. See you there. Have a nice day.

10:51
LESSON D INTERESTING PLACES IN HIDALGO
1. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE WORDS GIVEN.
1. The kids entered the ___________________, it was very dark inside.

2. Tulancingo is located in a ___________________.
3. Los Frailes ___________________ is very high.
4. The explorers went ___________________ on Saturday morning.
5. Rock ___________________ show different shapes.
6. Wild plants grow in the ___________________ .
7. The Grand ___________________ is located in Arizona.
8. The Everest is the highest ___________________ in the world.
HIKING FORMATIONS VALLEY
CAVE HILL
MEADOW CLIMBING MOUNTAIN
CAVERN CANYON
2. READ THE FOLLOWING POST OF A TRAVEL MAGAZINE ABOUT THE XOXAFI CAVES.
a v e s
o xa fi C
X a t o p p ortunity
to escap
e
re .
ves? The
y are a g xico City
o x a fi c a h o u rs from Me
n to the X just a few
e yo u ever bee y a re located
H a v use th e plore.
w e e k e nd beca fo rm a ti ons to ex
for the ral rock r
ating natu alley, nea
re fa s c in ezquital v
There a in th e M
ptha Hill d Mexico
th e to p of the Te rs fr o m all aroun
cated at it o
ves are lo lot of vis venture.
These ca P a c h u c a, and a e a n e x treme ad
capital, av
lgo state ves, to h
the Hida a ll y to these ca
lgo, spec
ific tning
to H id a rm e d a fter ligh
come s were fo g”.
e X o xafi cave s “ fa ll in g lightnin
th n
Otomi le
gends, t, it mea one
in g to e ri v e d from tha a ti o n s in which
Acco rd d rm
name is nt rock fo the
k th e h ill; so, its l is th e differe n d s ta la gmites in
r fu
struc e wonde lactites a
m a k e s this plac d it a ls o has sta
What ,a n
l shapes
o b s e rv e severa b y the guid
es.
can oc a ll e d dried
m o f T ri umph”, s e s e c a ves have
“Roo eans tha
t th e the
a te r, which m e tr ie d to rescu
o w ha v
there is n ntiago d
e Anaya
m and ex
treme
a p la c e where ts o f S a r to u ri s
It is Inhabitan e place fo rope and
you
T h a t is why the r to m a ke it a fin 0 -m e te r
out. e ed to a 1
w, in ord in the
e fo r 1 9 years no o u r li fe is attach c a n a ls o swing
plac y o u
l, where a cave. Y g bridge
to go
v it ie s , li ke rappe b o tt o m to enter h a n g in
acti e e
reach th r cross th mb 12
e to g o down to c e to a nother, o s y o u h ave to cli
hav la e
m one p f the cav
le s a to cross fro s . T o c o me out o
tiro ve
in the ca
a n o th er place .
to e surface ves man
y times
te rs to reach th e th e c a
me ce insid estra of
s h a v e taken pla w h e re the orch
cert 5 ,
ural con rt in 201 do de H
idalgo,
u s ic a l and cult c o lo g ic al Conce d e l E s ta
M E a
the 10th Autónom
o , fo r e xample, th e U n iversidad
to yed.
thers, pla
among o
what are
b o u t th e caves,
w more a
t you kno e them!
Now tha o m e and se
ing fo r ? C
you wait
3. READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.
1. How far away are the Xoxafi caves from Mexico City?
2. Where are they located?
3. Explain with your own words the formation of the caves:
4. Where does the name Xoxafi come from and what does it mean?
5. What can you do in the “Room of Triumph”?
6. What have people done during 19 years, and why?
7. Mention the activities that you can do there:
8. Are you interested in going to the Xoxafi caves? Why or Why not?
4. IMAGINE THAT YOU VISITED THE XOXAFI CAVES. WRITE ABOUT YOUR EXPERIENCE,
REFERRING TO THE FEELINGS YOU HAD, THE WEATHER, WHO YOU WENT WITH, AND
YOUR ACTIVITIES THERE.
5. YOU AND YOUR FRIEND ARE EVENT ORGANIZERS AND YOU ARE PLANNING A
MUSIC FESTIVAL IN THE XOXAFI CAVES. WORK IN PAIRS AND FILL IN THE FORM.
Event Schedule
Festival Name: ________________________________________
Organizers: ____________________________________________________________
Date: __________________________
Type of Music: ____________________________________________________________
Place: Xoxafi Caves
ARTIST STARTING ENDING NEEDS (furniture,

refreshments, etc…)
6. PRESENT YOUR PLAN TO THE REST OF THE CLASS.

LESSON E PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
1. READ THE TEXT, AND THEN PUT THE PARAGRAPHS IN THE CORRECT ORDER FROM 1
TO 6.
__________ On Sunday they normally walk around the city, playing video games downtown, going to the park and
playing soccer before the sunset, but one Sunday Pablo felt adventurous and had a wonderful idea: he decided
to go to Los Frailes Mountain with Marco to take photographs with his cell phone and the camera his aunt had
given to him on Friday.
__________ Pablo and Marco found the legend very interesting, and after taking a lot of pictures, they decided to
leave because they were very hungry and they had to walk downtown to have some quesadillas.
__________ “Some years ago, there were two monks that belonged to the Agustinos Order. They used to help
people in the region to trust in Christ. One day, they were tempted when they saw two pretty girls who were
praying, and started to bother them. However, all the people that were around got together to stop them. So
the monks went running away to the mountains, but suddenly they were hit by lightning which God threw at
them. Since then, they have been rock formations in the shape of monks, and have been waiting to come back
to life to help people like they were supposed to.”
__________ Pablo and Marco are two young students who are the same age and have always been neighbors in El
Arenal, Actopan. They have been best friends for 3 years now, and they have spent every Sunday morning
together since then.
__________ Since then, Pablo and Marco have been going quite often to take more pictures and to hike and climb
with other friends.
__________ They decided to go to the mountain, and left their house very early that Sunday. They walked all the
way to San Pedro Actopan, where the mountains are located, and started to hike.
When they arrived at the top, they found the rock formations (Los Frailes). There was
nobody else there. After a few minutes they met the caretaker, who started telling
them the legend of the place:
2. NOW LISTEN CAREFULLY TO CHECK YOUR

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 1..
3. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING WORDS FROM THE TEXT WITH THE MISSING LETTERS.
1. M____N____S
2. O____D____R
3. CH____ ____S____
4. SH____P____
5. A____V____NT____R____U____
6. P____ ____T____GR____P____S
7. P____A____I____ ____
8. C____R____T____ ____E____
4. MARK THE SENTENCES TRUE OR FALSE ACCORDING TO THE READING.
1. Marco and Pablo are brothers. _______________

2. Marco and Pablo live in Los Frailes. _______________
3. They have met each other every Sunday for the last three years. _______________
4. One Sunday Marco felt adventurous. _______________
5. Los Frailes are located in San Pedro Actopan. _______________
6. The guys talked to the caretaker of Los Frailes about photography. _______________
7. All the people who were around defended the two girls. _______________
8. The monks went running to the mountains. _______________
9. Pablo, Marco, and their friends have been to Los Frailes every Saturday. _______________
10. The monks became rock formations. _______________
5. WRITE 10 SENTENCES ABOUT THINGS YOU AND YOUR FAMILY OR FRIENDS HAVE
DONE IN HIDALGO. HERE ARE SOME VERBS, YOU CAN USE OTHERS TOO.
seen worked studied played written bought

eaten drunk lost driven ridden fixed
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
UNIT 3 Test
GRAMMAR /5
1. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE PAST SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT
FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.
1. Your wife is very nice. How long __________ you __________ (be) married?
2. My father ____________________ (not study) French at school.
3. I ______________ (watch) a movie last night when suddenly the lights went off.
4. Hi! My flight didn’t land very late, so I could come to work today. _______ the students __________ (call) me last
week?
5. My mother ______________________ (take) music lessons for six years and __________ (win) a lot of contests.
VOCABULARY /5
2. MATCH THE WORDS IN A WITH THE PICTURES IN B. WRITE DOWN THE NUMBER 1 – 5.
1. A hollow place in the earth or in a

hill/mountain.
2. A flat área surrounded by uplands, hills,
or mountains.
3. A rock formation with particular human
figures, located in Actopan, Hidalgo.
4. The member of a monastery.
5. A traditional type of food which is
prepared in Tulancingo, Hidalgo.
LISTENING / 10
3. LISTEN TO A CONVERSATION BETWEEN A GROUP OF FRIENDS TALKING ABOUT THEIR
LAST TRIP TO TULANCINGO AND CHOOSE TRUE OR FALSE. CORRECT THE FALSE
SENTENCES.
1. ______ Gustavo has traveled a lot.
2. ______ Gustavo started talking to his girlfriend.
3. ______ La Floresta Garden, Plaza de la Constitución, and Plaza Juárez are located in Tulancingo.
4. ______ Gustavo and his family went to the Huapalcalco pyramid.
5. ______ He sold the t-shirts to his friends, Manuel and Diego.
4. LISTEN AGAIN TO THE CONVERSATION AND ORDER THE SENTENCES FROM 1 TO 5 AS

YOU LISTEN.
1. ______ Let me tell you, it has beautiful landscapes and nature, and also a temperate climate. And downtown there
are many different places to visit.
2. ______ And I found out that the town is also called “Town with Flavor” for its great gastronomic wealth, if you go, you
have to try the guajolotes, really delicious.
3. ______ We had the opportunity to visit a place near Mexico City, only a couple of hours far away. Its name is
Tulancingo de Bravo.
4. ______ We decided to buy some souvenirs for my family, and look, I brought some t-shirts for you, they are nice!
5. ______ Oh, wow! I have been waiting so long for an opportunity like that, I haven’t traveled with my family for years.
READING / 10
5. READ ABOUT “LOS FRAILES” LEGEND AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
Los Frailes
Pablo and Marco are best friends who live near El Arenal. They have spent every Sunday morning together for a
few years now, and last Sunday morning they went to Los Frailes.
When they arrived, the caretaker started telling them the legend of the place:
“Some years ago, there were two monks that belonged to the Agustinos order. They used to help people around
the region in order to trust in Christ. One day, they tried to rape two pretty girls who were praying, but all the
people that were around got together to stop that crime. So the monks went running away to the hills, but
suddenly they were hit by lightning which was thrown on them. Since then, they are rock formations in shape of
monks, and they have been waiting to come back to life to continue helping people like they were supposed to.”
Since then, Pablo and Marco have been planning to go back, but this time they will take their camera with them
so they can take pictures of the rock formations
1. Have you heard the legend?
2. What have monks been doing?
3. What order have monks taken part of?
4. When they abused her, what did they do?
5. Have you been in Los Frailes lately?
6. READ ABOUT THE XOXAFI CAVES. CIRCLE TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F). IF THE STATEMENT IS
FALSE, CORRECT THE FALSE SENTENCES ON THE LINES.
Xoxafi Caves
These caves are located on the top of the Teptha hill in the Mezquital valley. Inhabitants from Santiago de Anaya have
tried to rescue the place for 19 years. It is a place where there is no water, that means that these caves have dried out.
According to Otomi legends, Xoxafi caves were formed after a lightning struck the hill, hence its name is derived from
it, that means “falling lightning”.
What makes this place wonderful is the different rock formations in which you can observe several shapes.
Musical and cultural concerts have taken place many times inside the caves. You can practice a lot of activities like
hiking, rappel exploration, and gotcha too.
1. Otomies have rescued Xoxafi caves. T / F
2. Caves haven´t gotten dry all the time. T / F
3. People have found water in them. T / F
4. Musical and cultural activities have taken place inside. T / F
5. Rock formations have formed several shapes. T / F
WRITING / 10
7. THINK ABOUT YOUR FAVORITE TYPICAL FOOD. DESCRIBE HOW TO PREPARE IT.
SPEAKING / 10
8. WORK IN PAIRS, THINK OF A PLACE YOU HAVE RECENTLY VISITED AND ASK AND
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW.
1. Have you travel lately?

2. How did you go there?
3. What places have you visited in Hidalgo?
4. When did you visit them?
5. Did you like them?
6. Who did you go with?
7. Did you try any typical dishes?
8. What did you like the most?
9. Did you enjoy your trip? Why?

UNIT 4 Hidalgo
Entrepreneur
LESSON A PLAN FOR A JOB
1. DISCUSS WITH THE CLASS.
1. Can you mention different ways to find a job?

2. What’s the most common way to find one these days? Why?
3. What do you think is the main cause people leave their Jobs?
2. READ THE ARTICLE “A PLAN FOR A JOB”. WHAT ARE CARLOS’S PLANS?
A plan for a job

A twenty-seven-year-old enthusiastic boy, Carlos works for a tourism agency in
Pachuca that plans excursions to exciting places in Hidalgo. He’s the manager
and travels as a part of his job. For example, next month he’s going to spend a
week in Huejutla, and the following month he’s going to visit some hotels in
Huichapan.
Carlos believes that it’s important to have a very well structured plan to offer an
excellent service to the tourists and he has one. He isn’t going to change jobs.
He’s going to stay in his job for another two years to know more about Hidalgo’s
tourism and all the variety of places and things visitors can enjoy because he
wants to offer his knowledge and help to the local tourism, so he is going to help
the economy of those places and contribute to the economy of Hidalgo State.
He thinks he will get good results.
Carlos enjoys his work because he loves travelling and gets on well with his
colleagues. He plans to study in the evenings to get more qualifications, so he
will be better in his job.
3. LOOK AT THE WORDS AND PHRASES IN BOLD AND MATCH THEM TO THEIR
DEFINITIONS.
1. __________________________ V. to pass time on some work or some place.

2. __________________________ N. a way or manner in which something is constructed
3. __________________________ V. to provide for
4. __________________________ N. an organization, company that provides a particular service.
5. __________________________ N. a short trip or outing to some place.
4. READ THE ARTICLE AGAIN AND ANSWER:
1. What does the tourism agency do?
2. What does Carlos do as a part of his job?
3. How long is Carlos going to stay in his job?
4. Why will Carlos get good results?
5. How does Carlos feel about his work and why?
6. What will happen when Carlos gets more qualifications?
5. WRITE QUESTIONS WITH GOING TO OR WILL:
1. Where / Carlos / spend a week / next month?
2. What / Carlos / do / the following month?
3. Carlos / change / his job?
4. How long / Carlos / stay / in his job?
5. Carlos / contribute / to the economy of Hidalgo?
6. Carlos / get / good results?
7. How / Carlos / in his job in the future?
GO TO GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 4

6. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION ABOVE AND WRITE THE
LETTER IN THE SQUARE.
a. Yes, he is.
b. He’s going to stay another two years
c. He will be better at his job.
d. No, he isn’t.
e. He’s going to visit some hotels in Huichapan.
f. Yes, he will.
g. He’s going to spend it in Huejutla.
LESSON B HIDALGO, HOME OF ENTREPRENEURS
1. DISCUSS.
1. Do you like saving money? Why?

2. Would you like to have your own business? Why? / Why not?
3. If so, what kind of business would you like to start?
2. WORK IN PAIRS AND LISTEN TO THE FOLLOWING CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO

FRIENDS TALKING ABOUT BUSINESS.
Esteban: Hello Pam, how’s it going?

Pam: Hi Esteban, I’m fine, what about you?
Esteban: I’m fine too. What are you thinking about?
Pam: Well, I’m planning to make my family´s craft business
grow1, but I don’t know how to do it.
Esteban: Wow! How interesting! Do you have any savings2?
Pam: I don’t have much money. Do you know where I can
get financial3 and business4 advice5?
Esteban: If you have a plan or an idea, go to Secretaría de
Desarrollo Económico, best known as SEDECO, where
you will get the appropriate information for your
business growth6 or to start7 your company8.
Pam: What a relief! I’ll learn everything about my business.
If we have support for our companies, our families are
comfortable.
Esteban: That’s right! The economy of Hidalgo grows when
entrepreneurs9 have good financial support and
opportunities for growth with the appropriate
advisers10.
Pam: Let's go to SEDECO!
Esteban: Yeah!
3. WHAT DO YOU THINK THE WORDS IN BOLD MEAN? COME UP WITH YOUR OWN
DEFINITIONS OR YOU CAN USE A DICTIONARY AND WRITE THEIR MEANINGS.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
4. READ THE CONVERSATION AGAIN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
1. What does Roberto plan to do?
2. What’s Roberto’s problem?
3. Why does Esteban suggest Roberto on going to Secretaría de Desarrollo Económico?
4. What happens when the entrepreneurs have good financial support and growth opportunities?
5. USE THE EXAMPLE TO GUIDE YOU AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE
VERBS IN PARENTHESIS.
have support for our companies, our families well-being _______

If we _______ is secured. (have / be)
1. If you ______________ money, you ______________ your own business. (have / start)
2. When economic conditions ______________ good, companies ______________ perfectly. (be / grow)
3. If you ______________ a plan or an idea, ______________ to Secretaría de Desarrollo Económico. (have / go)
4. The economy of Hidalgo ______________ when entrepreneurs ______________ good financial support and
opportunities for growth with the appropriate advisers. (grow / have)
GO TO GRAMMAR REFERENCE.
LESSON C IF YOU VISIT THE STATE OF HIDALGO…
1. MATCH THE IMAGES WITH A-E BELOW.
1. Tenango ___________
2. Embroidery ___________
3. Entrepreneur (person who starts a business) ___________
4. Profit (financial gain) ___________
5. Venture (a risky project or business idea) ___________
b. d.
a. c. e.
2. IN GROUPS, DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS.
1. Do you know what Tenangos are?

2. Do you think Tenangos could be a great venture abroad?
3. Do you have an interesting idea to offer Tenangos to other people as an original product to acquire?
3. NOW READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT ABOUT TENANGO EMBROIDERY AS AN

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY.
Los Tenangos de Hidalgo, Mexico, is a business and entrepreneurship initiative that

activates the economy of the state of Hidalgo. Many local people teach and learn this
activity of embroidering on fabric with colored threads to form original and unique
figures to give rise to venture business as an innovative economic activity. Many
sell-people and entrepreneurs of all ages comment that if many people learn the trade
of Tenango embroidery, they will sell their products and start a business venture. If
people want to make money, Tenangos as handicrafts will be the best selling option in
cities and countries around the world. If the design of the Tenango is varied, the
entrepreneurs will obtain better profits and a vast clientele. Everything has a cause and
consequence. If you think of creating a new business, you will need to be creative and
innovative with the sale of handicrafts from our region.
4. READ AGAIN THE TEXT AND CLASSIFY THE INFORMATION IN THE FOLLOWING
CHART FOR CONDITION (IF) AND THE RESULT (FUTURE SIMPLE WILL)
CONDITION RESULT
they will sell their products and raise

If many people learn embroidery,
a venture business.
5. MATCH THE SENTENCE HALVES. WRITE THE LETTERS OF THE CORRECT SENTENCE
ENDINGS IN THE SPACES.
1. If you get lost in Pachuca city, __________

2. If you visit Tenango de Doria, __________
3. If you want to avoid the crowds, __________
4. If you go to the local markets, __________
5. If you feel energetic one day, __________
a. You will find some good souvenirs

b. Don’t panic
c. You will get the opportunity to practice
rappel at the Mineral del Chico park.
d. You will find many Tenangos vendor places.
e. You will want to visit parks and forests near
Pachuca City.
LESSON D FROM HIDALGO, WITH LOVE
1. How often do you buy Mexican crafts?

2. Do you get historic information before buying Mexican crafts?
2. NOW READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT.
Typical crafts of Hidalgo

There are five areas in which the state can be divided: the Mezquital Valley, the Hidalgo Huasteca, the Sierra
Tepehua, the Sierra and the Pulquería Plateau. Due to its history, it has numerous archaeological remains and
different indigenous ethnic groups and therefore, many typical crafts which make each region famous. These
are some of them:
Ixtle Textiles by Ixmiquilpan
Embroidery
In this area, the indigenous Otomi
people who have preserved the tradition from Tenango de
of making different textile products using Doria
“ixtle” leaves. This is a fiber that is extracted from the
maguey leaves. This type of work occurs throughout the The locality of Tenango de Doria, with
Mezquital Valley, but it is in Ixmiquilpan where it has been Otomi and Tepehuan inhabitants, is
developed in a more professional manner, thanks to the famous for the striking embroideries
creation of a cooperative. Although most of the ixtle is that are produced by hand. The
used to make handbags or hats, you can also find ayates tradition was born almost a century ago
and other garments. and, since then, the women of the area
have dedicated themselves to creating
colorful figures that adorn all kinds of
fabrics. The work is not easy, since
Pottery from Chililico some of the designs require up to 10
months of work. The usual thing is to
Among the municipalities that make pottery in Hidalgo, choose some white fabric and draw in
Chililico is the one that has achieved more fame thanks to this the desired reasons. These motifs
its way of manufacturing the products. The Nahua are usually animals, flowers or
population of this locality of the Huasteca region has geometric figures. When made by
conserved the same way of working the mud hand, it is practically impossible to find
that their ancestors used before the two that are the same. The size of the
Conquest. Among the utensils they make so-called Tenangos is very varied and is
are the “ollules” (used to transport and used to make cushions, blouses,
drink water), jars, cooking utensils and the dresses, tablecloths, etc.
well-known toys made with baked clay.
1. Have you ever seen or heard about any of these handcrafts before?
2. Do you have any of these handcrafts at home?
3. Which one would you buy? How much would you pay for it?
4. Do you think craftsmen earn a fair amount of money from selling their products? Why?
5. Do you know the meaning of the word “bargain”? If not, look it up.
6. Does bargain affect craftsmen in Hidalgo?
4. LISTEN TO EACH SENTENCE AND FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH WHAT YOU HEAR.
1. We _______________ the construction of a shopping center as soon as the local government

__________ us to begin.
2. After Patty __________ a very good job, she_______________ buy a house in the city center.
3. I __________ finish the sale reports before the manager _______________.
4. They _________ 80 units after the manager ___________ the estimate.
LESSON E HIDALGO’S CRAFTS
1. CAN YOU NAME THESE HANDCRAFTS? DISCUSS WITH THE CLASS WHAT YOU
LEARNED FROM THEM IN LESSON D.
2. DISCUSS IN TEAMS:
1. Do you know any other handcrafts

made in Hidalgo?
2. Is any made in your municipality?
3. USING THE SPACE BELOW WRITE A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF ONE OF THE

HANDCRAFTS YOU OR YOUR CLASSMATES MENTIONED. WHERE IS IT MADE? WHAT
MATERIALS ARE USED? DO YOU KNOW THE PROCESS TO MAKE IT? WHAT IS IT USED
FOR?
4. SHARE YOUR TEXT WITH THE REST OF THE CLASS. DID ANY OF YOUR CLASSMATES
CHOOSE THE SAME HANDCRAFT? IF SO, COMPLEMENT YOUR INFORMATION WITH
THEIRS.
UNIT 4Test
GRAMMAR /5
1. If we ____ a taxi, we’ll arrive on time. 4. Maybe I ________ a Tenango dress for my mom’s
a) got birthday.
b) is getting a) will buy
c) get b) buy
c) am going to buy
2. If water _______, it is then up to 100°C.
a) boil 5. If the boy ____ a lot of sugar, he will get cavities.
b) boiling a) eats
c) boils b) is eating
c) will eat
3. I _____ my grandparents in Huejutla this weekend.
a) am going to visit
b) be going to visit
c) am visit
VOCABULARY /5
2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH ONE WORD FORM THE BOX.
1. The buying and selling of goods for profit.

a) advice b) grow c) business
2. A person who organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable
initiative and risk.
a) entrepreneur b) adviser c) client
3. To pass time on some work, or some place.
a) contribute b) spend c) provide
4. It is a method used for decorating fabrics with a needle and a thread.
a) painting b) embroidery c) sculpture
5. A risky project or business idea.
a) venture b) profit c) Tenango
LISTENING
/ 10
3. LISTEN TO A LECTURE ABOUT PARANORMAL ACTIVITY AND ANSWER THE
QUESTIONS.
1. Which are the areas where you can find history 6. How is the pottery from Chililico made?
and numerous archaeological things due to a) It has conserved the same way of working as
different indigenous ethnic groups? their ancestors
a) The Mezquital Valley, the Hidalgo Huasteca, b) It has changed through the time.
the Sierra Tepehua, the Sierra and the Pulquería c) It has changed with the technology.
Plateau.
b) The Mezquital Valley, Ixmiquilpan, Tenango de 7. What does Tlahuelompa manufacture?
Doria, San Bartolo, Acaxochitlán. a) Dresses
c) The Mezquital Valley, Tulancingo, Huejutla, b) Bells
Actopan, Tula c) Baskets
2. What have people preserved as a tradition in 8. Where are “the Tenangos” produced?
Ixmiquilpan? a) Chililico
a) Making different clothes b) Actopan
b) Making different textile products c) Tenango de Doria
c) Making different wine
9. How long does a Tenango design require to be
3. What is the material used to make the products completed?
in Ixmiquilpan? a) Up to 5 months
a) Thread b) Up to 10 months
b) Plastic c) Up to 20
c) Ixtle
10. What are Tenangos based on?
4. Where is Ixtle taken from? a) Animals, flowers or geometric figures.
a) It’s a fiber that is extracted from the maguey b) Animals, flowers or sky figures.
roots. c) Flowers, animals or trees figures.
b) It’s a fiber that is extracted from the maguey
leaves.
c) It’s a fiber that is extracted from the maguey
thorns.
5. What kind of products can a craftsman make

with “Ixtle”?
a) Blouses
b) Tenangos
c) Ayates
READING / 10
4. DO YOU REMEMBER THE PASSAGE “TYPICAL CRAFTS OF HIDALGO” FROM LESSON D?
READ THE CONTINUATION OF THE ARTICLE AND COMPLETE THE STATEMENTS WITH A
WORD OR PHRASE.
“Typical crafts of Hidalgo”
Bronze and copper from Tlahuelompa

The construction of bells has made this small town of the Sierra de Hidalgo famous. They are made in several sizes starting
from a clay mold. Later they are manufactured using different metals, mainly bronze and copper. There are other crafts made
with these materials, such as pots, coppers and drums. Whoever goes to this town to buy or enjoy their metal objects will also
have the opportunity to taste their handmade wine. After typical celebrations in the zone, it could be possible to taste
delightful wine of diverse fruit flavor.
Things made of wool, cotton and leather from Acaxochitlán

This municipality was founded by the Spaniards, although there was already a small indigenous settlement in the area. This
area is known for the textile products it produces. They usually use a waist loom, the same method that was used in
pre-Hispanic times. The main fabrics used are wool and cotton, elaborating with these from sweaters to belts, through gloves
or “jorongos”. The other craft that stands out in this town is that of leather. With this material they make huaraches, belts or
linings. While the weather in Acaxochitlán is cold, people must wear warm clothing made of wool.
1. Tlahuelompa is ___________ for the constructions of bells.

2. Bells are made in a ______ mold.
3. Bells are manufactured using different type of ________.
4. In ___________ lots of thing are made of wool, cotton, and leather.
5. They use ____________ to make Huaraches.
Activity 2: From the text, write if it is TRUE or FALSE.
1. In Tlahuelompa, The bells are made of silver and copper: __________

2. In Tlahuelompa, you can taste delicious beer: __________
3. Acaxochitlán is a textile region: __________
4. They elaborate clothing with wool: __________
5. This place is very sunny and warm: __________
WRITING / 10
5. WHICH TOWN FROM HIDALGO DO YOU LIKE THE MOST? PRETEND YOU ARE WRITING AN
E-MAIL (40-60 WORDS) TO A CLOSE FRIEND WHO LIVES IN ANOTHER STATE AND WANTS
TO VISIT YOU AND GO ON A TRIP TO THE TOWN YOU CHOSE. SAY WHAT YOU WILL DO IF
HE/SHE AGREES TO YOUR PLAN.
• E.g. If we visit Tulancingo, we will visit El Santo’s Museum.

SPEAKING / 10
6. IN PAIRS TALK ABOUT MARY’S AND MARIO’S PLANS. USE THE HANDOUTS BELOW.
• Student A
1) Student B is going to ask you some questions Student B
about Mary’s plans, answer appropriately using 1) Ask student A about Mary’s plans, use the
the prompts with the information in the square prompts below to make questions about future
below. for plans.
Monday morning- Who / meeting? Where? What time?
Mary’s plans What do?
Monday Wednesday morning- Who/meeting? Where? What time?
• Meet Paco/ at the bus station in Tulancingo/ 8:00 a.m. Wednesday afternoon- Who/meeting? Where? What
• Lupita’s house to record a film about how to produce time?
embroideries called “Tenangos”
Wednesday 2) Now, Student A is going to ask you some ques-
• Meet Ana/ going to Acaxochitlán / 9:00 a.m. tions about Mario’s plans, answer appropriately
• Meet a local craftsman / a textile products workshop / using the prompts with the information in the
3:00 p.m. square below.
2) Now, ask student B about Mario’s plans, use the Mario’s plans
prompts below to make questions about future Saturday
plans. • Meet Jorge/ in “Juarez” park in Pachuca/ 7:00 a.m.
• going for camping to “Mineral del Chico”
Saturday morning- Who / meeting? Where? What time? Sunday
What do? • Meet Patty and Esteban / in the mountains / 6:00 a.m.
Saturday afternoon- Who/meeting? Where? What time? • Meet group of friends/ in a restaurant cabin/ 2:00 p.m.
Wednesday afternoon- Who/meeting? Where? What
time?

UNIT 5 COVID
Hospitals
LESSON A AT THE HOSPITAL
1. LOOK AT THE HOSPITAL ROOM AND LABEL THE OBJECTS WITH THE WORDS IN THE
BOX.
Nurse Patient Bandage Heart monitor Stethoscope

Thermometer Urine sample Medicine Eye drops Doctor
2. WRITE THE WORDS FROM THE BOX IN THE CORRECT COLUMN.
People Things
Pharmacist
Blood donor
Pharmacy
Hospital
Paramedic
Ambulance
Germ
Crutches
Specialist
Anesthesiologist
3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS FROM THE BOX.
Fever numb seizure bed ointment antibiotics asthma itchy sprain wound
1. The nurse instructed me to lay on the ____________________.

2. I have a slight rash, I’ll just put some ___________________ on it.
3. If your temperature is above 37 you have a ___________________ .
4. I’ve been perched for so long my legs are ___________________ .
5. My son has ___________________ , he needs his inhaler.
6. I slipped on a puddle but I didn´t break my ankle, It’s just a ___________________ .
7. wound
You should head to the doctor that ___________________ looks serious.
8. It looks like you have a bacterial infection, take these ___________________ .
9. This mosquito bite is really ___________________ .
10. My sister is epileptic, that’s why she had that ___________________ .
LESSON B HIDALGO’S HOSPITALS
1. WORK WITH A PARTNER. LOOK UP 5 HOSPITALS IN HIDALGO THAT HAVE COVID – 19

PATIENT CAPABILITIES.
2. LISTEN TO TWO PEOPLE TALKING. WHAT IS THE CONVERSATION ABOUT?
3. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AGAIN. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE

CONVERSATION.
1. What are the girls’ names?
2. Whose grandmother got sick?
3. How did Elizabeth hear about the COVID hospitals?
4. How many COVID hospitals did Elizabeth say there were in Hidalgo?
5. What sickness does the grandmother have?
6. What does the other person respond when she hears about the grandmother?
3. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AGAIN. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE

CONVERSATION.
1. I’m a little worried about my grandma, she just got her ____________ back and she’s ____________ for the new
coronavirus.
2. Here in Hidalgo we have ____________ hospitals with the capability of handling COVID -19 ____________ .
3. If my grandmother needs it, she’ll have a ____________ and ____________ .
4. All the ____________ have specialized ____________ to deal with COVID patients.
5. I’m sure they’ll have ____________ there to make sure my grandma ____________ ok.
LESSON C THE INTERVIEW
1. SKIM THE TEXT. WHAT TYPE OF CONVERSATION IS IT?
Reporter: Hello doctor, thanks for joining us here today.

Doctor: Sure no problem. It’s my pleasure.
Reporter: Great let’s get started. Are there any things you can do to suppress transmition of the novel
coronavirus?
Doctor: Yes, there are some things you can do. One such thing is physical distancing, put a little space
between you and others. You should avoid crowds. Another thing that’s important is good
ventilation in a room and cleaning your hands, it doesn’t take much time, just 20 seconds should
be fine. Remember to always cough and sneeze into the inside of your elbow and of course wear
a mask.
Reporter: I’m glad you mentioned masks. Are there any steps to correctly wearing a fabric mask?
Doctor: There are a few. First make sure there aren’t any holes in the mask. Always place the mask
completely over your mouth and nose.
Reporter: All of this information is really helpful in these difficult times. If it’s not too
much to ask, could you give us any general tips to stay safe in this
pandemic?
Doctor: I’d be glad to share some tips with you and your readers. Make sure to clean
your hands before touching your face mask. It’s a good idea to buy many
masks so you don’t have to share a mask with other people. Some people
pull down their mask when speaking to other people, please
resist the urge to do so.
Reporter: Well thanks so much for your help today doctor. We wish you
and the medical community much success in quelling this
pandemic as soon as possible.
Doctor: Sure thing.
2. ANSWER TRUE OR FALSE TO THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT THE

INTERVIEW.
1. There are no ways to suppress the transmission of COVID-19. T F

2. Good ventilation is not a good way to help with COVID – 19 T F
3. Inspecting the mask for holes is a step to wearing a fabric mask. T F
4. The mask must be completely over your nose and mouth. T F
5. Hand washing isn’t necessary when touching your mask. T F
6. Sharing a mask with family members is ok. T F
7. Always keep your mask on when speaking to other people. T F
8. It is recommended to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. T F
9. Physical distancing is not a good idea. T F
10. You should cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing. T F
3. READ THE CONVERSATION. GUESS THE MISSING WORDS.
Nurse: Doctor I need ______________ help with this patient.

Doctor: Sure, I don’t have ______________ time but what can I do?
Nurse: There are ____________ bandages in the closet. Give them to me.
Doctor: There aren’t _________ here. Oh! I found them. I hope they’ll do.
Nurse: Ok, thanks. Just hold his arm and I’ll bandage it up.
Doctor: Wow, that was so tense. I got a headache. Is there ______________
ibuprofen in the drawer?
Nurse: Sure doctor, here have ______________ . Thanks for the help.
4. NOW LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS.
5. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE QUANTIFIERS FROM THE BOX.
a little some many much any a few many a few some a little
1. This hallway is ____________ dark.

2. There are so ____________ people in the waiting room, it’s really crowded.
3. There are only ____________ nurses here that are welcoming.
4. ____________ hospitals feel unsafe to people; I don’t know why.
5. Too ____________ medicine can be harmful, that’s why you need a prescription.
6. There aren’t ____________ clean bathrooms here!
7. I saw ____________ serious injuries in the E.R. tonight.
8. Not ____________ places are as safe as hospitals.
9. The administrator here is ____________ strict.
10. ____________ women prefer a female gynecologist.
LESSON D COVID SAFETY
1. ASK AND ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS WITH A PARTNER.
1. When was the last time you were in a hospital? Why?
2. Have you ever been in an emergency room?
3. What are the similarities and differences between public and private hospitals?
2. READ THE ARTICLE ON THE COVID HOSPITAL IN HIDALGO AND SHARE YOUR
OPINION ON IT WITH A PARTNER.
The general hospital from the zone 36 of the Mexican

Institute of social security will have 170 beds for COVID -19
patients. The hospital will also count with 299 medical
personnel to work in the specialized COVID area. This area
will be receiving people with COVID referred from other
hospitals in the region, such as from Tulancingo, Tepeji
del Rio, Tula, Cuidad Sahagún and Tizayuca. The
specialized COVID area has been sectioned off from the
other parts of the hospital and also has its own entry way
and exit. This way avoiding any cross contamination with
the other areas of the hospital.
3. IN TEAMS PREPARE A WORKSHOP FOR COVID – 19 SAFETY. CHOOSE FROM ONE OF

THE FOLLOWING GROUPS TO BE YOUR AUDIENCE FOR YOUR PRESENTATION
• Toddlers
• Elementary school students
• Junior high students
• High school students
• University students
• The elderly
LESSON E INJURIES
1. READ THE FOLLOWING EMAIL. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
M.tombson335@wwd.com
T.tombson486@wwd.com
Hi, Tom.
I hope you’re doing well. I have some news for you. I took our mom to the hospital in Pachuca today.
Don’t worry she’s doing much better now that she’s receiving the proper care. Her oxygen saturation
was a little low, but the doctors assure me she’s going to be just fine with the oxygen tanks they have
here. If you want to come, she’s at the hospital that’s in the Francisco I. Madero neighborhood. Well
that’s all the news I have on our mom’s situation so far. On a different note I heard your daughter Annie
broke her arm. I’m so sorry to hear that. She must have been so scared. I´d love to hear what happened
and how she’s doing now. Send my regards to your family.
Love, Your brother Matt.
1. Who is writing the email? 8. What was Annie’s injury?
2. Who is receiving the email? 9. Does the email sender know the story behind
Annie’s injury?
3. What is the relation between the sender and the
receiver of the email? 10. To whom does the sender send regards at the
end of the email?
4. Who’s the family member of Matt and Tom that’s
in the hospital?
5. Why is the family member in the hospital?
6. In what city is the hospital mentioned?
7. Whose daughter got hurt?

2. WRITE AN ANSWER TO THE EMAIL AS IF YOU WERE THE RECEIVER. MAKE IT 70 TO
100 WORDS LONG.
Intro:
Body:
Conclusion:
3. READ ANOTHER PERSON’S ANSWER EMAIL. COMPARE THE SIMILARITIES AND

DIFFERENCES FROM YOUR OWN ANSWER EMAIL.
Similarities Differences
UNIT 5 Test
GRAMMAR /5
1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.
1. There are ________ nurses at the local hospital.

a) a little b) a few c) lots
2. There is __________ of medicine for patients.

a) a few b) a lots c) lots
3. We have ________ patients who are recovering from Covid 19.

a) some b) a little c) lots
4. We do not get so ________ help from the government.

a) many b) much c) little
5. This hospital needs __________ doctors.

a) a little b) a few c) a lot of
VOCABULARY /5
2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS FROM THE BOX. THERE ARE TWO EXTRA
WORDS YOU DON’T NEED.
Doctor sprain ambulance nurse crutches pills paramedics
1. If you have a headache take two of these __________.

2. I broke my leg now I have to walk with these _________.
3. The __________ will be here in 10 minutes.
/ 10
4. The _______ took him to another hospital.
5. I didn’t break my arm it’s just a ___________
LISTENING / 10
3. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AND DETERMINE IF THE SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR
FALSE.
1. Clair is working on a school project. TRUE FALSE

2. Joe doesn’t need help. TRUE FALSE
3. The project is due on Thursday. TRUE FALSE
4. Joe is working on the project for many hours a day. TRUE FALSE
5. The project is about personal cleanliness. TRUE FALSE
4. LISTEN AGAIN AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. Joe and Clair are probably…

a) friends b) school mates c) colleges
2. Joe seems to be quite … these days.

a) busy b) relaxed c) disappointed
3. Joe has almost ... to finish the project.

a) a month b) a week c) three weeks
4. Clair is being … to Joe.

a) rude b) kind c) helpful
5. Clair seems to be … in Joe’s project.

a) interested b) bored c) curious
READING / 10
5. READ THE TEXT ON COVID RESEARCH AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
The emergence of COVID 19 may be the result of climate change. This change in the climate could have led to
the shift in bat distribution in the Chinese Yunnan province and regions nearby.
The WHO (World Health Organization) recently visited china on an investigation and concluded that the jump
of COVID – 19 from bats to humans could have gone through and intermediate species like a rabbit or ferret.
In the fight to cure this new disease scientists have engineered antibodies from camels that are smaller than
normal, calling them “nanobodies”. These nanobodies target the epitopes of COVID – 19 proteins. This new
discovery may help with the creation of a vaccine.
An analysis done in the United States concluded that 65% of COVID infections happened in people between the
ages of 20 – 49. And in Catalonia they discovered that viral load was a leading cause of infecting people with
the new coronavirus. People with small viral loads infected 12% of people they contacted. And individuals with
a big viral load infected 24% of the people they met.
1. What could be one cause to the spread of COVID – 19 from bats to humans?
2. What animals do they mention that may have been involved in the jump of COVID from bats to humans?
3. From what animal did scientists engineer antibodies from?
4. How do the nanobodies affect the COVID virus?
5. What percentage of COVID infections are in people between the ages of 20 and 49?
6. READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND CHOOSE TRUE OR FALSE OR DOESN’T SAY.
1. __________ A change in the climate is considered a cause of COVID 19.

2. __________ It is known that COVID could not came from bats.
3. __________ Some experiments with animals like camels can contribute to the destruction of COVID 19.
4. __________ In America most of the people that get COVID are middle aged people and young adults.
5. __________ The new coronavirus COVID-19 was discovered in Catalonia.
WRITING / 10
7. WRITE AN ESSAY ON HOW COVID – 19 HAS AFFECTED YOUR LIFE. (WRITE BETWWEN 100
AND 120 WORDS.)
SPEAKING / 10
8. ANSWER THESE QUESTION WITH A PARTNER OR WITH THE TEACHER.
• Can you ever have too much free time?

• How many liters of soda do you drink a week?
• How many cups of coffee do you drink in a day?
• How much fruit do you eat a week?
• How much money do you spend in a month?
• How many true friends do you have?
• How many hours a day are you on your phone?

UNIT 6 Sustainable
Living
LESSON A A GREEN THUMB
1. WORK WITH A PARTNER. WHAT CAN YOU SEE IN THE PICTURES? TELL YOUR
PARTNER. IS THERE A PLACE LIKE THIS WHERE YOU LIVE?
2. WRITE THE NUMBER OF THE WORD THAT MATCHES THE DEFINITION.
1. inorganic waste ( ) A designated space prepared to grow plants or flowers.

2. growing vegetables ( ) A piece of public land gardened collectively.
3. garden plot ( ) Working together with a common end.
4. compost ( ) Planting and taking care of plants you can eat.
5. organic food ( ) Fruits and vegetables free of chemical products.
6. training ( ) Course or classes you take to learn to do something.
7. seeds ( ) Plastic, aluminum, polystyrene, paper, glass, etc.
8. community garden ( ) Decomposed organic material used as plant fertilizer.
9. organic waste ( ) Vegetable peels, wood, animal manure, dry leaves, etc.
10. collaborate ( ) Vegetable grains from which plants grow.
3. LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND RECORD THE WORDS FROM EXERCISE 1.
SHARE YOUR AUDIO WITH YOUR TEACHER.
4. NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE ORDER YOU HEAR THEM IN THE AUDIO.
5. LABEL THE VEGETABLES YOU KNOW. LISTEN AND CHECK YOUR
ANSWERS.
6. DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER:

• Do you often eat vegetables? Why? • What’s your favorite vegetable?
LESSON B A COMMUNITY GARDEN
1. READ THE ADVERTISEMENT AND COMMENT WITH A PARTNER: HOW MUCH PEOPLE
IN YOUR COMMUNITY GROW THEIR OWN FOOD? HAVE YOU EVER TRIED GROWING
ANY FRUITS OR VEGETABLES?
University Student Society

invites you to be part of the new
Community Garden
(behind the library building)
Would you like to…
…grow your own (healthy) food?
… collaborate with your community?
… learn about organic food and sustainable lifestyle?
… meet other people like you?
Join the Community Garden initiative! You’ll receive a garden plot, seeds and training.
Write to: emma.green@fastmail.com
2. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO FRIENDS AND FILL IN THE BLANKS
WITH WORDS FROM THE BOX:
could food can’t plot community include training growing healthier
Marco: Hey! Look at this!

Ana: What is it?
Marco: They’re starting a (1) _____________________ garden here!
Ana: Wow that’s cool! But I (2) ______________ do that. I don’t know anything
about (3) _____________________ vegetables.
Marco: That’s the best part: they give you a garden (4) _____________________ ,
seeds and (5) _____________________ ! We could grow some organic food.
Ana: That sounds good. I really could start eating (6) _____________________ .
Marco: Yeah, me too. I think I eat too much processed (7) ___________________ .
Ana: And we (8) _____________________ save some money too.
Marco: I can write and ask them to (9) _____________________ you and me.
Ana: Perfect! Tell me what they say.
3. LISTEN TO ANA AND MARCO TALKING THE NEXT DAY, ANSWER THE QUESTIONS T
(TRUE), F (FALSE) OR DS (DOESN’T SAY).
1. Ana can’t go to the meeting. T F DS

2. Ana must go to the doctor. T F DS
3. The meeting is on Saturday at 9:00am. T F DS
4. She will write to the vet. T F DS
5. Ana has a class at the lab. T F DS
6. Marco asked Ana for help. T F DS
7. Ana will give Marco’s homework to Mr. Mendez. T F DS
4. READ THESE ABSTRACTS FROM THE LAST CONVERSATION AND MATCH THE
COLUMNS. WHAT DO THEY MEAN?
They say… They mean…

1. “I won’t be able to go.” ( ) There is an option for you.
2. “Could you give this paper to Mr. Mendez, please?” ( ) It is not possible for me.
3. ”…, you can call the office and explain to them.” ( 2 ) Would you help me with this?
GRAMMAR.
• I can sing well.
CAN
• You can’t come with me.
POLITE REQUEST
• I couldn’t call you last

Could you tell me..?
ABILITY AND night.
COULD Can I help you?
PERMISSION • I could go to the doctor
after class.
• After school, I will be

able to travel.
BE ABLE TO • The computer won’t be
able to process that file.
5. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES USING CAN/ CAN’T/ COULD/ COULDN’T / BE ABLE

TO + ONE OF THE VERBS IN THE BOX.
finish cook come pass see go drive follow
1. _____________ you _____________ a car? No, I can’t. I don’t have a license.

2. Will you _____________ your homework on time?
3. I am so happy you _____________ your test.
4. You are going too fast, I _____________ you!
5. Daniel _____________
to class yesterday. He was sick.
6. _____________ you _____________ that car’s number? It was going really fast!
7. Mario _____________ anything. He’s a great chef!
8. I’m sorry, I won’t _____________ shopping with you. I must work.
LESSON C COLLABORATING
1. WORK WITH A PARTNER. WRITE A LIST OF RULES YOU FOLLOW AT YOUR SCHOOL.
WHEN YOU FINISH, COMPARE YOUR LIST WITH OTHER STUDENTS. WHICH RULE(S)
WOULD YOU CHANGE AND WHY?
2. READ THE E-MAIL MARCO RECEIVED AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
From: emma.green@fastmail.com
To: marco_lopez@fastmail.com
Thanks for applying to the Community Garden initiative!
We’re glad to have you on the team! You’re invited to the inauguration next Friday at 5:00pm. You will
be able to meet the Community Garden Committee and get familiar with the garden regulations.
Our first training session will be next Saturday at 9:00 am, where we will assign you a garden plot, for
this reason, you have to show your university ID. Garden plots will be assigned in order of attendance,
so you need to arrive on time. You can bring your own gardening tools or rent some from the garden
stock, the money will be reinvested in seeds and other supplies.
You must wear comfortable clothes, and you should also protect yourself from the sun. You can bring
some food and drinks to have lunch after the meeting, but you must collect all of your inorganic waste.
Add any organic waste to compost, please.
IMPORTANT: You must not bring pets to the garden.

See you soon!
1. Who is the author of the message?
a) Marco Lopez b) the Community Garden Committee c) Emma Green
2. You will know the garden rules _____________.

a) by email b) on Saturday c) on Friday
3. Showing your ID is a requirement for _________________.

a) accessing the garden b) getting a plot c) the inauguration
4. If you want to get one of the first plots…

a) you must arrive early b) you must bring your ID c) you must bring tools
5. The money from renting gardening tools will be used for…

a) buying supplies b) training sessions c) watering plants
6. According to the message, you should ________________.

a) bring food for sharing b) drink water c) wear hat and sunscreen
7. What kind of waste goes to compost?

a) inorganic waste b) organic waste c) all types of waste
3. READ THE FOLLOWING EXTRACTS FROM THE E-MAIL AND SELECT THE INTENTION
IN THEM.
1. “You will be able to meet the Community Garden Committee…“ ( ) obligation
2. “…you have to show your university ID.“ ( ) ability
3. “…you need to be punctual.“ ( ) necessity
4. “…you should bring a hat…“ ( ) prohibition
5. “You can bring some food and drinks…“ ( ) permission
6. “You must not bring pets to the garden.“ ( ) advice
4. MATCH EACH INTENTION TO THE CORRECT MODAL VERB AND THEIR EXAMPLES.
WRITE 1, 2, 3 AND 4 ON THE LINES.
MODALS are auxiliaries followed by a verb in simple form. They may indicate:
1. PROHIBITION 2. NECESSITY 3. STRONG 4. ADVICE

OBLIGATION
must/ have to _________ must not _________ should _________ need to _________
• You must bring your ID
to the test. • Students must not use • You should drink more • I need to read a book
• You have to wear a their cellphones during water in hot weather. before Monday for my
mask if you have a cold. the test. History class.
5. UNSCRAMBLE THE SENTENCES. LISTEN AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS.
CORRECT IF NECESSARY.
1. farming abilities / learn / basic / for the / need to / future / students
2. have to / local crops / students / and seeds / learn about
3. must / garden / rules / follow / strict / they / in the
4. crops / they / grow / local / only / must
5. authorization / must / they / plant / not / without / anything
6. species / we / interfere with / must / local / plant / not
7. of / should / we / not / the / should / balance / nature
6. LISTEN TO THE AUDIO FROM EXERCISE 5 AGAIN AND ANSWER T (TRUE), F (FALSE)
OR DS (DOESN’T SAY).
1. The project is located in an urban community. T F DS

2. Students have to learn about local plants. T F DS
3. Learning about farming is a school subject. T F DS
4. This project is difficult to implement. T F DS
5. Students don’t need to get authorization for planting. T F DS
6. They must not plant local species. T F DS
7. They will accept more participants in the future. T F DS
LESSON D STORIES OF SUCCESS
1. LOOK AT THE BOX AND WRITE 2 BENEFITS OF GROWING YOUR OWN FOOD, THEN
TALK TO A PARTNER AND COMPARE YOUR LISTS. CAN YOU ADD OTHER BENEFITS TO
YOUR LISTS?
Don’t have to/ Don’t need to = it is not necessary
• If you grow your food, you don’t have to eat so

much processed food.
• I don’t need to use fertilizers, compost provides all

the necessary nutrients.
2. READ THE ARTICLE AND SELECT THE BEST OPTION TO FILL IN THE GAPS.
Growing your own food.

Sustainability at the table.
SustainabiIity is much more than big planning and clean energies; you (1) _______ take this
concept home and your day to day life. I visited a group of women in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, who
decided to grow their own food at home and are succeeding at it.
Luciana, 43 years old. “A promoter explained that sustainability is about obtaining what we
need without affecting future generations’ right to develop. And I thought: ‘I can (2) _______ that’.
I like growing my own vegetables because I can use my time and money in a better way. I don’t
have (3) _______ for the bus and spend 2 hours to go shopping.”
Hortensia, 52 years old. “My grandchildren come to the garden and help me plant the garlic and
the chards. They must (4) _______ the importance of farming and agriculture. I think they
appreciate the food they grow much more than if we bought it. And I love spending time with
them!”
Margarita, 37 years old. “The promoter said we should (5) _______ only those vegetables that
usually grow in this area, local crops. If we respect that, we will not affect the ecosystem. We
must not (6) _______ the place where we live in and my son (7) _______ learn that with me.”
Josefina, 47 years old. “I rent a small house and I don’t have much space. But I (8) _______
transform some PET containers into garden plots and put them on a wall. It was relaxing and I
had a good time doing it. Now I have coriander, tomatoes and chili peppers ready to harvest.”
If you are interested in starting your own vegetable garden at home, you only need (9) _______
your local authorities and prepare for a new experience!
1. a) can b) must not c) need

2. a) doing b) do c) to do
3. a) to pay b) pay c) paying
4. a) learn b) to learn c) learning
5. a) to plant b) plants c) plant
6. a) damages b) damage c) to damage
7. a) have to b) has to c) having
8. a) can’t b) couldn’t c) could
9. a) contacting b) contact c) to contact
3. LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND CHECK

YOUR ANSWERS.
4. LISTEN AGAIN AND WRITE THE NAME THAT CORRESPONDS: LUCIANA,
HORTENSIA, MARGARITA OR JOSEFINA
Who…?
1. Had to adapt her living space to plant some vegetables.
2. Explains what local crops are.
3. Mentioned getting economic benefits from her garden.
4. Explains what she learned about sustainability.
5. Thinks her family appreciates the food they grow.
6. Lives in a house that is not hers.
7. Says we have to respect the environment.
5. WORK WITH A PARTNER. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF HOME VEGETABLE GARDENS
MENTIONED IN THE TEXT? CAN YOU THINK OF OTHER WAYS TO BENEFIT FROM THIS
ACTIVITY? WRITE YOUR IDEAS ON THE LINES.
6. DISCUSS YOUR IDEAS IN TEAMS.

LESSON E JOIN THE GROUP!
1. WORK IN TEAMS. IMAGINE YOU ARE STARTING TO GROW YOUR OWN FOOD. IS
THERE ANY FRUIT OR VEGETABLE YOU WOULD PARTICULARLY LIKE TO GROW? WHY?
MAKE A LIST OF THE THINGS YOU MAY NEED:
2. YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS ARE STARTING A COMMUNITY GARDEN AT SCHOOL.

WRITE THE REGULATIONS FOR IT. USE THE NOTES GIVEN AND ADD 2 MORE RULES.
REMEMBER TO USE CAN, COULD, MUST, MUST NOT, SHOULD OR NEED TO.
• No pets
• Bring your own tools
• Water your plants - clean water!
• Respect other member’s plots
• Advice: no heels –
use work clothes- and sunblock!
• Plant ONLY local crops –
(list is at the entrance)
• No insecticides or chemical products
(we will provide natural alternatives)
Community Garden Regulations:
Follow these rules so we can all enjoy this space:
UNIT 6Test
VOCABULARY /5
1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS GIVEN.
collaborating training organic compost growing
1. I got a new job in a factory. My ___________________ starts tomorrow.

2. My friends and I are __________________ in a water recycling project at school.
3. My neighbor puts all his garden waste into the ___________________.
4. Mom is __________________ some spinach in a garden plot.
5. Are these onions __________________? Yes, they are free of chemicals.
GRAMMAR /5
2. SELECT THE BEST OPTION TO COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.
1. A: _______ you get me some water, please? B: Sure!

a) Should b) Could c) Must
2. Do we ________ come to work tomorrow? No, that’s only for the managers.
a) has to b) must c) have to
3. A: My plants are dying! B: You _______ water them so much.

a) couldn’t b) shouldn’t c) must
4. A: I can’t log into the school platform. B: You _____ to enter your student number.
a) need b) have c) must
5. You ________ use your cellphone at the bank, it is not permitted.

a) must not b) must c) should
LISTENING / 10
3. LISTEN TO WHAT HAPPENS DURING A SCHOOL TRIP AND SELECT T (TRUE), F (FALSE) OR
DS (DOESN’T SAY)
1. Students visited another exhibition before this. T F DS

2. Students are going into the conference room. T F DS
3. Machines in the room can be dangerous. T F DS
4. You can buy protection equipment at the entrance. T F DS
5. You must wear protection equipment all the time. T F DS
6. You should take pictures outside the packaging room. T F DS
7. Students can’t ask any questions. T F DS
8. The person talking to students is the security manager. T F DS
9. Students will finish their visit after lunch. T F DS
10. Students are visiting a car factory. T F DS
READING / 10
4. READ THE TEXT AND SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONS BELOW.
Geopark Comarca Minera: more than just a park
The UNESCO Global Geopark Comarca Minera is part of the 161 territories in the list of Global Geoparks distri-
buted in 44 countries. Geoparks are geographical areas that count with sites and landscapes of international
significance.
The Geopark Comarca Minera consists of 31 geosites in 9 municipalities of Hidalgo: Atotonilco, Epazoyucan,
Huasca de Ocampo, Mineral del Chico, Mineral de la Reforma, Mineral del Monte, Omitlan de Juárez, Pachuca
de Soto and Singuilucan. The sites were selected because they express the geologic history of the territory and
its relationship with culture, science and education. Besides, most of the sites count with an exceptional view
of nature. Within the geosites of Comarca Minera you will find museums, hot spring spas, forests, geologic
formations and historic sites that will give you a global view of Hidalgo.
Global Geoparks focus in promoting the importance of biodiversity and geological history by educating people
on sustainability and other topics related. This project encourages the communities in the area to adopt a
sustainable lifestyle that contributes to the conservation of natural resources for future generations. For this
reason, in some of the geosites you will be able to find community gardens, compost, waste recycling or
rainwater exploitation activities.
The Geopark also promotes responsible geotourism, which is a type of sustainable tourism that highlights
geodiversity, biodiversity and heritage of a territory. In this way, visitors can interact with the landscape main-
taining the balance between nature and economic development.
Looking for a place to start your next adventure? The Geopark Comarca Minera is ready for you!
WHERE IN THE TEXT, DO THEY …?
1. ... explain what a Geopark is?
a) lines 2-3 b) lines 4-5 c) lines 11-12
2. …mention why the sites were selected?

3. …mention the activities developed in some geosites?

4. …explain what geoturism is?

5. SELECT T (TRUE) OR F (FALSE) OR DS (DOESN’T SAY) ACCORDING TO THE TEXT.
1. UNESCO promotes getting Geoparks in industrialized countries. T F DS

2. All of the geosites count with natural beauty. T F DS
3. You can go swimming in some geosites. T F DS / 10
4. Composting is one of the activities in the geosites. T F DS
5. Communities near Geoparks learn about geology. T F DS
6. One of geoturism’s highlights is knowing the history a place. T F DS
WRITING / 10
6. A FRIEND OF YOURS IS COMING TO VISIT THE GEOPARK AND ASKED YOU FOR RECOM-
MENDATIONS. WRITE AN EMAIL RECOMMENDING WHAT THINGS THEY SHOULD BRING,
THINGS THEY MUST/ MUST NOT DO, ETC. USE MODALS: CAN, CAN’T, MUST, MUST NOT,
NEED TO, ETC. WRITE BETWEEN 120-140 WORDS.
Dear friend: I’ll be glad to help.

SPEAKING / 10
7. WORK IN PAIRS. TAKE A LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING PICTURES AND NOTES. IMAGINE YOU
AND YOUR PARTNER ARE GOING TO VISIT TWO OF THE FOLLOWING SPOTS IN THE
GEOPARK COMARCA MINERA TOGETHER.
DISCUSS THE FEATURES OF EACH PLACE AND DECIDE WHICH ONE YOU WANT TO VISIT.
TALK ABOUT THE ACTIVITIES YOU WOULD LIKE TO DO AND LIST THE THINGS YOU NEED TO
TAKE.
San Andrés Apostol Ex-convent Bosque el Hiloche

• Location: Epazoyucan • Location: Mineral del Monte
• Local museum • ecologic reserve
• Guided visits • hiking, camping
Amajac hot springs Cerro de las Navajas

• Location: Atotonilco • Location: Epazoyucan
• hotels, restaurants • Obsidian mines visits
• swimming pools • Obsidian handcrafts

UNIT 7 Let’s get the
Party Started!
LESSON A YOU’RE INVITED...
1. DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER.
• Do you like having social events?

• Are you having an event soon?
2. MATCH THE VOCABULARY TO THE CORRECT EVENT.
XV Years Birthday Baptism Baby Shower Wedding

3. USE THE WORDS FROM EXERCISE 2 TO MATCH THEM TO THEIR CORRECT
DEFINITION.
1. is a party to celebrate the anniversary of someone’s birth.

2. is when the ceremony of marriage is performed.
3. is the most anticipated moment in young adolescent girls.
4. is a party held to celebrate the coming birth of a newborn.
5. is a sacrament of admission to Christianity.
4. READ THE TEXT AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES ABOUT THE WEDDING.
A happy ending after all

Emily Jones experienced every bride’s worst nightmare
their wedding just a few days before it was supposed to take place. But instead of
allowing her sorrow to consume her, she and her photographer documented the
grieving that she (and her family) were going through to help the healing process.
“I realized something truly beautiful happened out of all the ugliness… In the armor
of my family’s strength and support, I could face the battle of heartbreak without
fear or humiliation. I cried. I laughed. I sang. I danced. And somehow, in an
indescribable way, I won. Did I get married? No. Do I still have a lot of grieving and
much more than a wedding” Emily says.
1. Emily experienced her worst nightmare because
2. Who helped her to heal the process?
3. What can she do now about the heartbreak?
4. Did she get married?
5. She got so much more than a wedding because

5. MATCH THE BOLD WORDS FROM EXERCISE 4 TO THEIR MEANING.
1. is the quality of being unpleasant or repulsive in appearance.

2. is the quality or state of being physically strong.
3. a terrifying dream in which the dreamer experiences extreme anxiety.
4. to cancel a planned event.
5. is a feeling of immense sadness or regret.
6. very extreme and so impossible to describe.
7. when the situation is put right so that people are friendly or happy again.
LESSON B CONGRADUATION!
1. WRITE DOWN WORDS RELATED TO “GRADUATION.” CIRCLE THE WORDS YOU HAVE
IN COMMON WITH YOUR PARTNER.
2. LISTEN TO ZOE AND SUSAN TALK ABOUT THEIR SCHOOL GRADUATION AND FILL
IN THE BLANKS.
ad.
look s
? You
at’s up
an! Wh to the
H ey Sus ? _ _ _______ _
Zoe :
. What
’s u p __ _ _ _ _ _______
o , I ’m not.
w y o u c r u s h, (2) (4 ) _______
: N ! I kno y e
Susan ____ m ___ . H
h , c o me on ) _ _ _ _ _______ ) _ _ _ _ _ _______
O I( 1 3
Zoe: ing is n’t (
ll , the th u t he did _
Susan
: W e
n with
m e b _______
u a t io e . I ( 5 ) _______
grad ls ing is
eone e orst th lone.
o w it h som . . T h e w u ation a
to g o b a d m in g g r a d you
! T h at’s to s a w that co o in g to the t h e r people
Oh n o , I _ g o
Zoe: nyway _______
_______ ere are
h , I k now. A ’t ( 6 ) p e r s on. Th
: Yea n st one
Susan se I ca
o m e becau n ly a r ound ju
at h not o
e w orld is e.
e : But t h
_ _ _ _ with m yet.
Z o
in vite .
_ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _
e n invited
c a n
k they
( 7 )
haven
’t b e with.
’t t h in a n d I e o n e to go
: I don _______
_ d som e?
Susan I (8 ) _______ a lr e ady ha t io n with m
Well , yo u u a
Zoe: ought e grad
r e a ll y? I th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to th
_
Susan
: Oh _______ n with
you!
I d o n ’t. u ld y ou (9) d u a t io
No, o a
Zoe: se… W the gr
ll , in that ca _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ to
Susan
: We ) _____
, I w o uld (10
Yes
Zoe:
3. LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AGAIN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
1. Why was Frank sad?
2. Was Joanna important to him?
3. Why did Frank mention he might stay at home?
4. What did Frank do when he learned Emily hadn't been

invited by anyone?
5. What do you think will happen next?
4. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES FROM EXERCISE 2. THEN, GO TO THE GRAMMAR

REFERENCE UNIT 7 AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW.
Verb + - ing Form
1. I can’t _______________________ _______________________ (go) to the graduation alone.
2. Well, I _______________________ _______________________ (dance) and I haven’t been invited yet.
3. I’d _______________________ _______________________ (go) to the prom with you!
• Which verbs are followed by – ing form?
• What is the negative form for verbs followed by a gerund?

5. REWRITE THESE SENTENCES KEEPING THE SAME MEANING AND USING THE
WORDS GIVEN IN PARENTHESIS. THERE IS AN EXAMPLE.
Joe usually finishes watching T V at 10 pm.
1.
Liza
2. I don’t really like to dance at parties. (enjoy)
I don’t really
3. When I lived in the city, I loved to go out every weekend. Now I can’t go out. (miss)
I really
4. Could you please turn the music down? I’m trying to study. (mind)
Do you
5. If you continue wasting money every weekend, you won’t be able to buy a new car. (stop)
If you want to buy a new car, you should
6. They argued last week and since then they haven’t talked to each other. (avoid)
They argued last weekend and now they
6. WRITE A SHORT PARAGRAPH ABOUT HOW YOU CELEBRATE A GRADUATION AND

WHAT MAKES IT ENJOYABLE OR STRESSFUL.
What I like about graduations is

LESSON C JUST MARRIED!
1. LOOK AT THE TITLE OF THE ARTICLE. DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER.
• Who do you think “she” is • How often do you go to • Do you enjoy them?
referring to? weddings?
2. READ THE TEXT AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BELOW.
She Said Yes!

Getting married is an extremely important event in everybody’s life. This is also true for
Americans. This is also true for American couples who choose, from close relatives or friends,
those who will participate in such an important occasion.
In an American typical wedding, there is the bride with her beautiful white dress and her
future husband, the groom. But they are not the only ones responsible for the event. The bride
has one or more bridesmaids who help her in the organization and they are usually dressed in
the same color chosen by the bride. And also, there is the maid of honor, she is very close to
the bride, like a sister or her best friend, a person who knows her tastes and is the perfect
wedding planner.
The groom, on the other hand, has help too, the best man. He takes care of the rings, gets the
groom to church on time and welcomes the guests.
Weddings take place in religious buildings or civil ceremonies. When it is all over and the
couple has taken the vows, there is usually a wedding reception. There is a hilarious,
memorable and sweet toast, carried out by the best man. All guests raise their glass to the
vacation together as husband and wife.
1. The woman who is about to get married is the:
2. The man who is about to get married is the:
3. They enjoy helping the bride:
4. She organizes the wedding and is close to the

bride:
5.
3. DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER.
• How are weddings celebrated in your country?

•
• How would you like to celebrate your own wedding?
4. USE YOUR IDEAS FROM EXERCISE 3 TO WRITE A SHORT PARAGRAPH ABOUT

WEDDINGS IN BOTH MEXICO AND USA.
5. GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 7. READ THE INFORMATION AND

COMPLETE THE CHART.
Verb + infinitive
1. Do you want _________________ (marry) me?

2. I’ve already arranged with Harry _________________ (bring) the rings.
3. We have decided _________________ (go) on a honeymoon to Rome.
4.
promise, _________________ , _________________ , _________________ .
6. COMPLETE THE ARTICLE WITH THE INFINITIVE FORM OF THE VERBS IN THE BOX.
spend (x2) focus plan try offer
A checklist to plan
your honeymoon
A honeymoon is a much-needed period of relaxation after the stressful and
demanding wedding planning process. Planning the honeymoon can become a little
overwhelming. For these reasons, we’d like (1)___________________ some advice on
planning it.
• Decide on a budget. We recommend you (2)___________________ and keep your budget

to one side and out of reach from any other expenses!
• Choose the location. A great way of doing so is (3)___________________ on what you want
to do during your stay. Beach destinations are suitable for couples wanting to relax,
either in the ocean or spa hotels.
• Type of accommodation. All-inclusive hotels are great if you are planning

(4)___________________ a lot of time within your hotel and are happy to eat at the same
deal.
• When to go. Many couples delay their honeymoon in order (5)___________________ some
season too.
• Packages.
booked for you in one go and it means you don’t have
(6)___________________ too much time and booking
separate aspects of your stay.
LESSON D TURN THE MUSIC UP!
1. WRITE A LIST OF SINGERS / BANDS WHO BEST REPRESENT THE FOLLOWING MUSIC
GENRES. THEN, ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW.
Electronic Rock Reggaeton Regional Mexican

Salsa Pop Classical
According to your list…

• What is the musical genre with more artists / bands?
• What is the genre with less artists / bands?
2. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO FRIENDS AT A VALENTINE’S DAY
P G
6 I can’t stand reggaeton. ✘
9 I prefer music in English. ✘
1 I took two slices. ✘
It’s absolutely delicious. ✘
10 I like to listen to The Weekend, too. ✘
Do you want to drink just water? ✘
7 I love listening to rap. ✘
2 I regret eating those slices of cake. ✘
8 I’m crazy about Cristian Nodal. ✘
3 I don’t mind eating chocolate. ✘
3. LISTEN AGAIN AND IDENTIFY WHO SAYS THE SENTENCES. CHECK P (PAMELA)
OR G (GENARO)
4. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BASED ON THE AUDIO IN EXERCISES 2 AND 3. YOU
MAY WANT TO LISTEN TO IT AGAIN.
1. Yes, I am. I really ____________________ the cake.

2. I don’t mind eating chocolate but ____________________is my favorite.
3. Yes, please. I ‘d like just ____________________.
4. I bet you missed ____________________something so delicious.
5. I love listening to rap, ____________________and ____________________music.
6. I prefer music in ____________________.
7. I like ____________________ Billie Eilish but my favorite one is ____________________.
5. PREPARE A SHORT TALK ABOUT A SONG OR PIECE OF MUSIC THAT YOU LIKE. USE
THESE IDEAS TO HELP YOU. THEN, EXCHANGE YOUR IDEAS IN TEAMS.
music?
t h e s tyle of
What is ser?
h e compo
Who is t band)?
m e r (s inger /
for
the per y listen
to it?
Who is u s u a ll
o you
When d it?
you like
Why do
LESSON E LET’S CELEBRATE!
1. LOOK AT THE PHOTOS AND DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER.
• Which of these pictures do you think are from America?

• Which of these festivities do you think is the noisiest?
• Which of these festivals is the most colorful?
2. LISTEN TO THE DESCRIPTION ABOUT THESE FESTIVALS. MATCH THE WORDS FROM
THE BOX TO THE PICTURES IN EXERCISE 1.
Christmas Holi Thanksgiving Diwali Carnival
3. LISTEN AGAIN. CHECK THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH CELEBRATION.
Christmas Holi Thanksgiving Diwali Carnival
It’s religious
It’s a party
Exchange gifts
It’s colorful
Put up decorations
4. GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 7. READ THE INFORMATION AND
COMPLETE THE CHART.
Bare Infinitive
1. After verbs of perception such as smell, taste,______________ ,______________ , ______________ .

2. After modal auxiliary verbs such as will, shall, would, can, may,______________ , ______________
,______________ .
3. Verbs such as: let, make,______________ ,______________ . They’re called “Causative Verbs.”
4. ORDER THE WORDS TO MAKE SENTENCES.
1. to / I / the / invite / should / them / party
2. bridesmaids / take / for / have / next week / the photos / the album / will / I
3. when / younger / I / play / was / I / could / the / piano
4. go / carnival? / parents / will / you / your / to / let / the
5. lose / the / not / must / you / rings
6. the DJ / the song / I / again / made / played
7. were / at / there / a lot of people / the correct / been / it / very good / have / must
8. the cake / me / they / and sodas / pay / made
9. no / there / tree / Christmas / were / have / they / cheap / been / must
10. my parents / me / to Fernanda’s birthday / I / tonight / can never / get / to allow / to go

UNIT 7 Test
VOCABULARY /5

1. ( ) It’s a marriage ceremony and party or special meal that often takes
2. places after the ceremony.
( ) It’s the anniversary of the day on which a person was born, typically a. Christmas
b. Birthday
3. treated as an occasion for celebration and the giving of gifts.
( ) It’s the award or acceptance of an academic degree or diploma. c. Diwali
d. Graduation
4. ( ) It’s also known as the festival of lights. It’s a time for religious rituals
and sharing traditional stories. e. Wedding
5. ( ) It’s one of the most festive Christian holidays in many countries

around the world. It celebrates Jesus’ birth.
GRAMMAR /5
2. SELECT THE BEST OPTION.
1. These days, I decided ______ my homework in the mornings.

a) to doing b) do c) to do d) doing
2. Kara forgot ______ flowers in the Anniversary.

a) sending b) to sending c) to send to d) to send
3. I’d _____ you. I’ll make the cake.

a) love to help b) to love helping c) help to love d) helping to love
4. How did she _____ to Brazil for the carnival by herself?

a) travel to finish b) manage to traveling c) managed to travel d) manage to travel
5. If you go to the concert, you _____ many pictures.

a) should to taking b) should take c) should to take d) should taking
READING / 10
3. READ THE ARTICLE. WRITE WHAT ARE THESE ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING.
New Year’s Eve Traditions Around the World
New Year’s Eve is a time of celebrating a bygone 365 days and welcoming what lies ahead. Everyone is in good
spirits and feeling optimistic about the future. Across the world, people of all ages want to spend this celebra-
tion with family, friends, and loved ones. Maybe you can’t afford to travel across the border or over the oceans
to see these celebrations. Get your passport ready because we’re taking you to every continent to share New
Year’s traditions around the world!
Europe - Spain
Some people celebrate New Year’s Eve with delicious wine. If you’re in Spain, however, you will enjoy the grapes
before they are fermented. The tradition is to eat 12 grapes one at a time at midnight. Each grape represents one
of your wishes, and if you manage to stuff every one into your mouth, all your dreams will come true! Another
custom is to wear colored underwear, each representing a different hope for the new year.
Australia
Celebrate the holiday during the peak of the summer. In Australia, they celebrate New Year’s Eve while the sun
is shining bright. Fireworks mark the end of the new year, the most elaborate occurring at midnight in Sidney
Harbor. The day is meant for relaxation. Australians love visiting family and friends, and if you have time, atten-
ding one of the many horse racing carnivals, crowded parades, or summer fairs.
Africa - Nigeria
The celebrations involve elaborate parties where friends and family exchange wishes and offer to pray. Lagos
holds many masquerades such as the Calabar Carnival and Lagos Countdown where citizens dress in animal
masks and perform high energetic dances on the streets. This tradition symbolizes good luck and cheerfulness
and wards away evil energy and negativity. The best part is their celebration lasts for 20 days and begins on
December 7th or 8th.
America - Brazil
Thankfully, the weather in Brazil is nice all year since people love to celebrate New Year’s Eve in the water. It’s
considered good luck if you can jump over seven different waves while making wishes, one for each wave. Addi-
tionally, they enjoy setting off fireworks on Rio de Janeiro’s shores while eating lentils, which signify wealth. The
most popular color to wear is white as it is said to bring good luck and peace. Similar to Años Viejos, they burn
life-sized dolls with face masks that represent bad events from the past year.
Asia - Philippines
In the Philippines, they believe everything should be round on New Year’s Eve. This represents coins and is said
to bring wealth into the future. The celebration includes noisy sounds with horns, music, yelling, blowing whist-
les, clanging pots and pans, and lighting firecrackers to keep away bad luck and evil spirits. Filipino people also
eat traditional pancit noodles and delicacies like malagkit and biko. Before the clock strikes midnight, all the
windows and doors, including cabinets, cupboards, and drawers, are left open to allow good luck to enter.
1. Energetic _____________________
2. Delicious _____________________
3. Noisy _____________________
4. Nice _____________________
5. Crowded _____________________
4. READ AGAIN. WRITE WHICH COUNTRY THESE TRAIDITIONS ARE CELEBRATED.
1. In __________________ the festivity lasts for twenty days.

2. In __________________ people open cupboards or cabinets to allow good luck to enter.
3. In __________________ the tradition is to eat twelve grapes one at a time at midnight.
4. In __________________ they wear white clothes.
5. In __________________ it is celebrated during the peak of summer.
LISTENING / 10
/ 10
5. LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION. ORDER THE SENTENCES (1-5) AS YOU LISTEN.
1. I’m trying to find a suitable card for her.

2. Let me suggest finding a card.
3. Can you suggest a suitable present for me to take?
4. I’ve been invited to my Grandma’s birthday celebration.
5. I knew only you could help me!
6. LISTEN AGAIN AND WRITE TRUE (T) FALSE (F) OR NOT STATED (NS).
1. His grandfather reaches 100 years next week.

2. There are only two cards in the 100 – year- old section.
3. She always complains about her cold feet.
4. His grandma is a little deaf.
5. He will buy a pair of warm shoes.
WRITING / 10
7. WRITE A DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH ABOUT A CELEBRATION AROUND THE WORLD AND

DESCRIBE IT ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS.
• What’s the name of the celebration?

• Where and when it is celebrated?
• Why do people celebrate it?
• What do people wear?
• What do people do?
• Write from 80 – 100 words
SPEAKING / 10
8. WORK IN PAIRS. EACH STUDENT SELECTS TWO CELEBRATIONS. THEN, STUDENT 1 ASKS
STUDENT 2 THE QUESTIONS BELOW. WHEN ALL ANSWERS HAVE BEEN RESPONDED BY
STUDENT 2, NOW IS TURN OF STUDENT 1 TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
QUESTIONS
• What is the name of the celebration?

• When is it celebrated?
• Where is it celebrated?
• Why is it celebrated?
• What do people wear that day?
• Do you celebrate it?
• What do you do to celebrate it?
• What is special about it?
• Is there anything you don’t like about it?
• Who do you celebrate it with?

UNIT 8 Higher education
in our state
LESSON A WAS MY CHOICE THE BEST?
1. DISCUS WITH A PARTNER:

• How was the decision making about expectations?
your university program? • Who influenced your decision making?
• Did your parents support your choice? • If you could change your choice what
• Is your program fulfilling your would you choose?
2. LISTEN AND READ.
When deciding to make a start on a particular career income, some beg for fame and tabloids, others want
path it is demonstrated to be a demanding task for a adventure although some others want to serve and
great number of people. Therefore, some others help people and make a better and hopeful world.
grow up knowing what they would like to do in their For some, facing academic reality in an unexpected
lives having a wide and clear sight for their future way, would be as jumping from a trampoline: some
career, even though these are the minority. could be prepared, others will be jumping fearfully
and there will be those who need to be launched.
Choosing a profession might be overwhelming due Although all these bothers might be quite serious or
to the fact that knowing what the best options are, or not depending on circumstances, the fact is that
which profession is the most suitable in accordance students must cope with something new in their path
to personal competences could be a determining life of life figuring out how to adapt and go over them.
decision. Additionally, it could be quite daunting for
those teenagers who have to decide their This long professional stage is a remarkable and
professional life in a point when perhaps they are essential time in a person’s life, and everyone should
not mature enough to make it or their target life relish it due to the fact that it prepares one to face
is vague and they worry whether they are new challenges developing the confidence to
taking an irreversible decision. struggle, solve and overcome
professional and personal issues. Are
People differ in what they want from a you getting all you expected about your
career, many people desire a high career?
3. MATCH THE WORDS WITH THE CORRECT SYNONYM.
Make a start Demanding Overwhelming Daunting Beg Launched

Unexpected Figuring out Relish Overcome Tabloids Vague
1. Threw 7. Intimidating
2. Sudden 8. Begin
3. Crushing 9. Defeat
4. Imprecise 10. Enjoy
5. Plead 11. Challenging
6. Newspapers 12. Understanding
4. READ AGAIN AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. The phrase “career path” in line 2 is closest in meaning to:

a. Professional development
b. Ways to get into a career
c. Educational program
d. Working areas
2. The pronoun “they” in line 12 refers to:

a. Students
b. Ideas
c. Worries
d. Teenagers
3. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?

a. Majority of people find harsh to choose a career
b. Stressful moments are elements to change career
c. Teenagers feel intimidated when choosing a career
d. People target desires are different
4. The passage mentions the phrase “as jumping from a trampoline”

to describe:
a. A sudden moment to face new reality
b. How people feel when jumping
c. A difficult situation
d. Options to prepare for new targets
5. The topic of the passage is:

a. Describing how to select the right career
b. Choosing a career
c. Stages for a professional development
d. Facing challenges
LESSON B DIFFICULTIES

• What difficulties have you found since studying college?
• How did you overcome them?
• What pieces of advice did you receive?
2. LISTEN AND READ. WHAT SITUATION ARE STUDENTS GOING THROUGH? .
CONVERSATION 1
Roberto: Hey, what’s wrong Sandra?
Sandra: Hi, Roberto. I’m a bit worried about Miguel.
Roberto: Why? What’s the matter?
Sandra: Well, he doesn’t want to tell anybody about this, but he is thinking
about leaving college.
Roberto: What? Is there anything we could do to help him?
Sandra: It’s all about money, if he had more money, he would be all right.
Roberto: Oh, no! If I had any, I could lend him some. But I’m broken.
Sandra: Well, if I were him, I’d look for a part-time job. You know, like I do.
Roberto: You’re right, if you didn’t have a job, you couldn’t afford to pay all
your expenses.
Sandra: Yeah! He could continue college if he had a job, I’d give Miguel
that piece of advice next time I see him. Thanks Roberto.
CONVERSATION 2
Eduardo: Hi, Betty! What’s going on, are you crying?

Betty: No, I’m not crying Edu but I’m really frightened because the director
needs to talk to my parents.
Eduardo: That doesn’t sound good, what’s wrong with you?
Betty: It’s because I got a scholarship to study abroad, but my parents don’t
know I’m studying gastronomy.
Eduardo: Really? What did you tell them?
Betty: They know I’m studying Architecture. If they let me choose what I
wanted, I wouldn’t lie to them
Eduardo: That’s terrible, if your parents understood you, you could tell them
the truth.
Betty: I don’t know what to do. What should I do?
Eduardo: Well Betty, it’s a hard issue to solve, but if I were you, I would face
them and tell them about the scholarship. Errr but I don’t know what
to say about you lying to them. If you had the courage to say it, you
wouldn't be in this situation. Oh Betty! You are in big trouble.
3. READ THE CONVERSATIONS AGAIN. WHAT PHRASES SHOW AN IMAGINARY
SITUATION? WRITE THEM DOWN ON THE LINES BELOW.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
4. LOOK AT THE CONVERSATION IN EXERCISE 2 AND FIND THE MISSING WORD/S OF

THE SENTENCE
CONVERSATION 1
1. If he had more money, he _________________ all right.

2. If I ___________ any, I could lend him some.
3. If I were him, I’_______________ for a part-time job.
4. If you _________ a job, you _____________ to pay all your
expenses.
5. He ___________ college If he ______________ a job.
HYPOTETICAL SITUATION
CONVERSATION 2
6. If they _________me choose, I ________ to them

7. If your parents ___________ you, you _________ them the true
8. What _______ you do if you ____________ me?
9. If I ________ you, I ______ them and I’ ____________ about the
scholarship.
10. If I ________ the courage to say it, I __________ in this situation.
HYPOTETICAL SITUATION
LESSON C HAVING TROUBLES AT COLLEGE?

• What kind of services (besides academic) does your college offer?
• Do you have a tutor?
• Have you ever needed professional advising? Why?
2. LISTEN TO THE RADIO BROADCASTING. WHAT ARE THE STUDENTS

CALLING THE RADIO STATION FOR?
3. LISTEN TO THE RADIO BROADCASTING AGAIN AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES

BELOW.
1. The aim of the radio program is______________________.

2. Raul is a student of the _____________________ of journalism.
3. Raul is in risk of _____________________ .
4. Raul had to develop _____________________ but he didn’t deliver it and now he feels _____________________ .
5. If Raul hadn’t _____________________ that situation, he couldn’t _____________________ the importance of
6. being responsible.
7. A year ago Sophie _____________________ and started ________________.
8. She was in the _____________________ of the marketing career.
9. Just _____________________ return to study after leaving college.
10. If Sophie had _____________________ a part-time job she would have _____________________ in college.
If Sophie _____________________ worked a shorter shift, she might _____________________ more job
opportunities.
4. LOOK AT THESE SENTENCES AND DECIDE IF EACH SENTENCE IS CORRECT (C) OR

INCORRECT (I), PUT A THICK IN THE BOX.
C I
1. Raul is a college student in the first semester of his career.
2. He feels terrible because he thinks his effort of 4 years was in vain.
3. If Raul had delivered the project, he might have failed the course.
4. Diane told him to be responsible of his acts and quit school.
5. Studying is important to Sophie so she would stop working.
6. If Sophie hadn’t left college, she might have finished her degree.
7. If Sophie left her job she might have money problems but then she
would apply for a better job.
LESSON D TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITIES IN HIDALGO
1. BEFORE READING, DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER.
• When is the anniversary of your university?

• Who was the first dean?
• What do you know about the first facilities?
• Do you know the staff who founded your university?
2. READ THE TEXT ABOUT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITIES. CHOOSE THE CORRECT

WORD, A, B, C OR D.
Technological Universities were established in Mexico in 1991 with the purpose of

introducing a public subsystem of higher education institutions with 1. __________________
intensive
studies and short duration programs, which would allow students to obtain a University
Technician Diploma at the end of their studies, so that they could be integrated to the labor
2. __________________
force in a short term; the system seeks the 3. __________________
importance of the academic
programs since they are linked to the productive sector. The creation of Technological
Universities has 4. __________________
meant a relevant change in the Mexican government's
policies to meet the growing demand of higher education studies and to diversify
the type of programs offered at this level. Initiating in 1991 with the creation of
5. __________________
headquarters in Aguascalientes, Netzahualcoyotl and Tula-Tepeji, and
which currently has 106 campuses distributed throughout the country, the
subsystem is emblematic of the diversification of higher technological
education in Mexico, about vocational training offers, and the 6.__________________
need
to broaden the technological sector of higher education.
Among the various innovations that this subsystem has tried to introduce in Mexico's
higher education, starting with the adaptation of an intensive, flexible and multi-purpose
education model, 7. __________________
formed by the French model of the Instituts Universitaires de
Technologie and with relevant influences from the North American Community Colleges.
The 8. __________________
engagement with the productive sector of goods and services was instituted in
order to regulate the relevance of study plans and curricula, so that teaching and
learning are carried out in congruence with the 9. __________________
requirements of the different
productive sectors of reference. Likewise, the educational process was designed
under the following guiding principles: practical teaching 70% and theoretical teaching
30%.
The Technological Universities were designed by the federal authorities to be
10.__________________
implemented in urban environments, preferably industrial regions. It is under this logic
that the Technological University of Tula - Tepeji was put into operation on Septmber 1991,
being the first university in our state. When the “Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo”
started on September 1995, a first process of change began, since it was already an
11.__________________
industrial and agricultural area. The next step was the Universidad Tecnológica del
Valle del Mezquital, in September 1996, it was a great 12. __________________
target considering that
with its implementation this certain model of this higher education institution was
innovated and enriched. Later the Technological University of the Huasteca Hidalguense
Enero 1997, with the previous experiences 13. __________________
gained , conducted a very complete
socio-historical, micro and macro-regional study of the Huasteca.
The Technological University of the Sierra Hidalguense was founded on November 11, 1997
as a decentralized public organization of the Government of Hidalgo, with the purpose of
14. __________________
promoting the economic and social advancement of that region of Hidalgo. Later
on, some other Technological Universities would be founded in Hidalgo, some of them even
offering bilingual programs.
1. ✘
2. ✘
3. ✘
4. ✘
5. ✘
6. ✘
7. ✘
8. ✘
9. ✘
10. ✘
11. ✘
12. ✘
13. ✘
14. ✘
LESSON E REGRETS
1. BEFORE READING, DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER.
• Have you ever given advice to a friend or relative? Why?

• Have you ever done something that you regretted?
• What did you do about it?
2. READ EACH SITUATION AND IMAGINE IT HAPPENED TO YOU. WRITE A RESPONSE.

LOOK AT THE MODELS.
Version 1
“Breaking Bad “is my
If I hadn’t watched all chapters of my series, I could have
favorite series, last night I
arrived on time to college and I didn’t feel so bad now.
watched many chapters,
you know time went by too
quickly. I woke up too late
Version 2
for college.
If I watched series all night, I would tell some of my friends
to call me in the morning, so I might be a bit sleepy but on
time for classes.
I worked really hard last week on my

final project and finally I finished. I was
If I were you I would tell the teacher, if you
happy about it and I told my best hadn't showed the project, you wouldn't
friend, who asked me to send it as a have had this problem.
guide but she delivered my project to
the teacher, now I am depressed
because I failed.
Maths is a hard subject to

me, I’ve failed again. I am
If I were you I would watch Julio profe videos on desperate because I don’t
YouTube, if you had studied with other teacher, you want to lose the semester.
wouldn't have lose the semester.
I am part of the college
football team and we are If I were you I would cancel appointment
playing the final match, my neighbor girl, if you had invited your girlfriend,
girlfriend wants to go, but I
you wouldn't have had this problem.
already invited my next
door neighbor girl.
I practice track and field at

If I were you I return the money, if you had return the the college auditorium and
money you would have was at peace. yesterday I found a wallet
with 200 dollars. I kept the
money but I feel awful.
I study abroad and I always

call my family on special
If I were you I send it a gift
days but I forgot my little
sister’s birthday, she is
mad on me now.
3. WORK WITH A PARTNER, TAKE TURNS AND SHARE YOUR RESPONSES.

4. READ THE FOLLOWING PART OF A LETTER YOU RECEIVED FROM YOUR COLLEGE
ADVISER, WRITE BACK AND APOLOGIZE. WRITE YOUR LETTER IN ABOUT 100 -120
WORDS. CONSIDER THE INFORMATION IN THE BOX.
• Greeting
• Opening Paragraph
Dear Jorge, • Main Part

• Paragraph 1: Aspects of the
I’ve received a note from your literature professor and issue.
he said you were cheating during the exam, you know • Paragraph 2: Justify and
that what you did is against our rules, If you had told me apologize.
about this I could have done something for you, but not • Closing Paragraph:
at this point. You might be losing the course. Summarise your points and
end politely.
• Signing Off: Use and
Mr. Jhonson appropriate signature ending.
UNIT 8 Test
VOCABULARY /5
1. ____________: (n) A student who is in the second year of a

university study (American English). a. BURSARY-
2. ____________: (n) A social organization for female university b. VARSITY
students (American English). c. SYLLABUS
3. ____________: A list of topics or books that are planned to be d. SOPHOMORE
studied in a particular subject. (n) e. GRANT-
4. ____________: (n) An official record of the courses that a f. SORORITY
student has taken and the marks received g. TUITION
5. ____________: (n) The main team that represents a college or
university in sports competitions (American English).
GRAMMAR /5
2. COMPLETE WITH THE CORRECT OPTION.
1. If I _______ a big car, I’d________ my friends from school everyday.

a. have/picked up b. had/pick up c. had/picked up d. has/ pick up
2. If she ____ the career she wanted, she might _______ a happy journalist
a. had studied /have been b. has studied/ has been c. had/ study/being d. had to study
3. If they ______ rich, they ______ fancy cars and a mansion
a. were/’d had b. was/’d has c. were/ would have d. was/ would
4. If she ______ honest, her friends could ______ together to the prom night
a. had been / have gone b. have/being c. had was/ had gone d. have/ gone
5. If I ______ in Hawaii, I would ______ surfing soon.
a. Live/ to learn b. lives/learned c. lived/ learnt d. lived / learn
READING / 10
3. READ THE TEXT AND FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CONCEPTS FROM THE BOX.
a. Austerity
b. Appeal
c. Movements
d. Broad
e. Rapid
f. Skyrocketed
At the beginning of the 20th century, less than 1,000 colleges with 160,000 students existed in the US. The
number of colleges (1) ____________ in waves, during the early and mid-20th century. State universities grew from
small institutions of fewer than 1,000 students to campuses with 40,000 more students, with networks of
regional campuses around the state. In turn, regional campuses broke away and became separate universities.
To handle the explosive growth of grades prior to college education, every state set up a network of teachers'
colleges, beginning with Massachusetts in the 1830s. After 1950, they became state colleges and then state
universities with a (2) ____________ curriculum. Major new trends included the development of the junior colleges.
They were usually set up by city school systems starting in the 1920s. By the 1960s they were renamed as
"community colleges."
Junior colleges grew from 20 in number in 1909, to 170 in 1919. By 1922, 37 states had set up 70 junior colleges,
enrolling about 150 students each. Meanwhile, another 137 were privately operated, with about 60 students
each. (3) ____________ expansion continued in the 1920s, with 440 junior colleges in 1930 enrolling about 70,000
students. The peak year for private institutions came in 1949, when there were 322 junior colleges in all; 180
were affiliated with churches, 108 were independent non-profit, and 34 were private schools run for-profit.
Many factors contributed to rapid growth of community colleges. Students’ parents and businessmen wanted
nearby, low-cost schools to provide training for the growing white-collar labor force, as well as for more
advanced technical jobs in the blue-collar sphere. Four-year colleges were also growing, although not as fast;
however, many of them were located in rural or small-town areas away from the fast-growing metropolis.
Community colleges continue as open-enrollment, low-cost institutions with a strong component of vocational
education, as well as a low-cost preparation for transfer students into four-year schools. They (4)____________ to a
poorer, older, less prepared element.
College students were involved in social movements long before the 20th century, but the most dramatic
student movements rose in the 1960s. In the 1960s, students organized for civil rights and against the Vietnam
War. In the 1970s, students led movements for women's rights, as well as protests against South African
apartheid.
Privatization of US higher education increased in the 1980s and during economic recessions and (5)____________
in the 20th and 21st century.
4. READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. They become community colleges
a. state universities
b. close schools
c. junior colleges
d. city schools
2. What contributed to community college growth?
a. The low cost of training for white-collar sector

✔
b. The need to improve the white-collar labor force
c. The implementation of technical jobs for blue-collar sphere
d.The proximity of the schools for students
3. Which of the following is true about paragraph 3?
a. In the first 10 years Junior colleges increased more than 500%

b. 37 Junior Colleges were established by 1922
c. Private Junior College were created with 137 students
d.Private institutions reached their highest number in 1920
4. All of the following are true EXCEPT
a. Early in the 1920´s there were set up 150 junior College

b. 74% of the states in 13 year adapted this system
c. A great number of private institutions were implemented successfully
d.By 1949 private institutions were operating through churches and non- profit institutions
5. According to paragraph 5, social movements…
a. gathered students for 20 years

b. involved students organizing them for different movements
c. led students to protest against civil rights
d. increased dramatically by 1920
LISTENING / 10
5. LISTEN TO RODRIGO AND BECKY, CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION.
RODRIGO
1. Why is Rodrigo not at home?

a. Because she is in a physics congress
b. Because she is applying for a position in Chicago
c. Because she is enrolled abroad
d. Because she is looking for a closer college
2. If his family were with Rodrigo he…

a. would hang out often with them
b. might have time on weekends
c. could be happier
d. would choose to enroll in other class
3. What is inferred about Rodrigo?

a. He is enrolled in hard faculty
b. He might change college due to his family
c. He would like to come back home
d. He is a freshman student enrolled in his chosen study area
BECKY
4. What is Becky’s main problem?

a. She has suffered for years a hard disease
b. She is living with friends sharing dorm
c. She feels lonely and she is not sociable enough
d. She has meditated for long time
5. All this is true about Becky, EXCEPT:

a. Meditating has helped her with some problems
b. She might have suffered a disease
c. She lives in a dorm campus
d. She is taking a meditation training curse
6. LISTEN AGAIN AND CHOOSE TRUE OR FALSE FOR EACH STATEMENT.
1. Rodrigo feels homesick because he is facing some life difficulties.

2. Rodrigo comes from America.
3. Becky finds meditation useful.
4. Rodrigo is regretting moving to London.
5. Becky is friendly and lives with other people.
WRITING / 10
7. WRITE ABOUT THE LAST TIME YOU REGRETTED ABOUT ANYTHING, INCLUDE THE
FOLLOWING INFORMATION.
• When and where did it happen?

• What exactly happened?
• How did you feel?
• What did you learn from that experience?
• Write from 120 – 140 words
SPEAKING / 10
8. IMAGINE YOU'RE A FAMOUS ROCK STAR ON YOUR LAST WORLD WIDE TOUR, LEAVE
YOUR BEST FRIEND A VOICE MESSAGE TO TELLING THEM ABOUT YOUR ADVENTURE
AROUND THE WORLD AND SOME ACTIVITIES YOU COULD HAVE DONE TOGETHER IF
HE/SHE WERE THERE.

UNIT 9 Roads
LESSON A INFRASTRUCTURE
1. MATCH THE VOCABULARY TO THE PICTURES.
1. Road
2. Bridge
3.Freeway
4.Slip road
5. Port
6.Distributor road
7. Traffic signs
2. COMPLETE THE CHART.
INFINITIVE PAST INFINITIVE PAST

VERB PARTICIPLE VERB PARTICIPLE
1. Build 1. Modernize
2. Communicate 2. Use
3. Connect 3. Be
4. Do 4. Improve
3. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE VOCABULARY IN THE BOX AND THE BOXES WITH A
PAST PARTICIPLE FROM EXERCISE 2.
Road Port Freeway Traffic safety Distributor road
1. The _____________________ network was by the state government.

2. Hidalgo state is to the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico through
a _____________________ named Arco Norte
3. Road maintenance will be to guarantee _____________________ and
speed to the users.
4. Currently, _____________________ are being to facilitate the cars
distribution and mobility of good and people in different regions.
5. Communication between Hidalgo state and Veracruz _____________________ in the Gulf of
Mexico had been by many people to export products from
Hidalgo.
4. DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS WITH YOUR CLASSMATES.

• In your state, are the roads being improved?
• In your town, where was the last road built?
• In your town, is a new road going to be done this year?
LESSON B MEXICO 45 ROUTE
1. GUESS THE ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS.
1. Federal road 45 is known as…

a) The sun b) The Pan-American c) North Arch
2. The length of it is….

a) 1920 km. b) 2000 km. c) 1840 km.
3. This road starts in…

a) Durango b) Jalisco c) Chihuahua
2. LISTEN AND COMPLETE THE TEXT. CHECK YOUR ANSWERS FOR EXERCISE 1.
Federal Highway 45
This road (1) _____________ on July 1st 1936 by the actual government in Mexico
and the USA at that moment. Federal Road 45 (2) ________________ as the
Pan-American road. It facilitated transport mobility from Rio Bravo to Hidalgo. The 1920
kilometers of the route (3) ________________ during 10 years and its cost (4) ________________ around 65
million pesos. From the presidential period of Plutarco Elías Calles (1924-1928), a “national
reconstruction policy” (5) ________________ , whose main axis, besides the creation of the Bank of
Mexico and the National Irrigation Commission, was to rehabilitate and build land routes. The idea
(6) ________________ from the Pan American policies of Simon Bolivar who wanted to connect North
America with South America and integrate culturally and economically countries from Latin
America and united states. By late 1933 the task (7) ________________ due to the new government’s
policies. The “Good Neighbor Policy” (8) ________________ by president Franklin D. Roosevelt
and well accepted by president Lazaro Cardenas. The traffic security and mobility in
route 45 (9) ________________ during that time; however, the course of the idea
(10)________________ over the years and the ideologies of trade between Mexico and the
United States.
3. READ THE TEXT IN EXERCISE 2 AND ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.
1. When was the road inaugurated?
2. What articulation policy promoted the building of the route?
3. Why is the Federal Highway known as the Pan-American route?
4. What had been the policy promoted by Roosevelt that facilitated the continuity of the road?
5. Would the traffic security and mobility have been boosted during that time? Why?
• Are the highways improving national and international trade? why?

• Is a highway built for political or social issues? why?
• Are the cultural aspects of the regions taken into account before making a road?
5. USING YOUR IDEAS FOR EXERCISE 4, WRITE A SHORT PARAGRAPH. WRITE 40 TO

60 WORDS.
LESSON C THE HISTORY OF ROADS
Do you know…
• When were the first roads created?
• Who created them?
• What were ancient roads made of?
2. MATCH THE SENTENCES.
1. ( ) The Royal Persian Highway…

2. ( ) The first roads…
3. ( ) The bases of the roads
4. ( ) Without connection among cultures, the
Imperial roads in China and the Royal
Persian Highway in Europe
5. ( ) The Mountainous Cliffs
6. ( ) The Rivers
7. ( ) Amber and Tin
8. ( ) In northern Europe, due to the rain, roads
a. Were structured with brick and stone sealed by bituminous mortar.

b. Were built with the same technique.
c. Was built in 3500 B.C.
d. Were crossed by bridges or ferries.
e. Were made to join palaces and temples.
f. Were crossed by stairs with a wide tread and a small step (or riser)
g. Were made of logs to drive traffic through swampy or wet areas.
h. Were transported by Greek and Etruscan traders between 1900 and 300 B.C.
3. COMPLETE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT IT HAS A SIMILAR MEANING TO THE
FIRST SENTENCE USING THE WORD OR WORDS GIVEN. DO NOT CHANGE THE WORDS
GIVEN.
Example: Minerals and other materials were transported
Roads were probably built by ancient people 4. through the silk road but there is not strong
without machines. Could have evidence. Might have
Roads could have been built by ancient people
without machines. The Mexico-Tacubaya road was not considered a

5. world heritage but actually it is. Ought to have
1. Roads were made with gutters on each side to
keep the road dried. Must have
Mayans grounded and burned limestone rocks
6. from the region at high temperatures to create
2. Some citizens found the oldest Asian road while cement for their roads. Were
digging a well. Was
3. The ancient roads were not restored, so it does

not attract tourism. Should have
4. READ THE TIMELINE ABOUT ROADS EVOLUTION, THEN CLOSE YOUR BOOK AND
TALK ABOUT IT WITH A CLASSMATE. TRY TO REMEMBER THE EVENTS IN ORDER.
300 B.C.
4000 B.C. 1850
A trench was dug and heavy
Rush and rocks were The roads were
rock foundations were being
being removed over being paved with
installed. The foundations
large areas for the asphalt, a
were raised in the center so
passage of pilgrims petroleum material.
that the road sloped towards
and migrants
the edges to avoid landslide
by water. This technique was
named Teldford
3500 B.C. 1400
Roads were being built The roads were being

with a tier of stones and 1200 paved with
brick at the top and The final layer of broken stone limestone, clay and
joined with mud and was being placed on a water that we know
mortar foundation that was extremely today as cement
drained ground. This
technique was named
McAdam.
5. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN TEAMS. EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS.
1. Did you find the topic interesting?
2. Did you learn something new?
3. Do you think roads are important nowadays?
4. Do you think freeways will be improved in the following years? How?
5. Do you remember an interesting fact about the history of roads?
LESSON D ROADS IN THE FUTURE
1. READ THE DEFINITIONS. THEN WRITE THE CORRECT TERM IN EACH EXAMPLE.
A) Sustainable development:
Describes incremental improvements and changes that aim to achieve a more
sustainable situation. It includes interventions which aim to reduce environmental
impacts and improve social and economic conditions.
B) Sustainability:
Describes a state or situation where systems and conditions are balanced in such a way
that they can continue to exist in the long term.
Self-repairing roads. Asphalt from recycled tires.

Capsules containing an adhesive self- The rubber of the 300,000 tires that
repairing agent are introduced into the are discarded annually finds a second
material. These capsules are released life in asphalt concrete full of
by the action of ultraviolet light (Sun). advantages and beneficial
characteristics.
2. LISTEN TO THE AUDIO ABOUT HIGHWAYS’ PROJECTS OF THE FUTURE AND PUT A
TICK IN THE CORRECT COLUMN.
Decontaminant Solar Luminescent

Roads Roads Roads
1. The environment will be benefited with this project.
2. Energy will be collected through this project.
3. Nitrogen oxide will be converted into salt.
4. Highways will not be turned into shining paths.
5. Electric light installations will not be needed to light roads.
6. Photovoltaic panels will be installed along the highways.
• What futuristic highway project did you like? why?

• Do you think roads will be necessary in the future?
• How will each of these roads affect nature?
4. WRITE A PROPOSAL ABOUT A HIGHWAY PROJECT FOR THE FUTURE. IT HAS TO

CONTAIN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY. DON’T FORGET TO
MENTION HOW IT WILL BE DONE AND WHAT CHANGES WILL BE CONSIDERED. (150 -
180 WORDS)
LESSON E THE RUMOROSA “THE MOST DANGEROUS ROAD IN
MEXICO”
1. LOOK AT THE PICTURES. WHAT DO YOU THINK THE TOPIC IS GOING TO BE ABOUT?
2. READ THE TEXT AND DISCUSS THE QUESTIONS BELOW WITH A PARTNER.
The Rumorosa
The Rumorosa has been known as the most dangerous
highway in Mexico during the last years because it has
witnessed a large number of accidents.
The famous highway crosses the Sierra de Juarez, in the

Baja California Peninsula. This stretch of road, full of
curves, is part of Federal Highway 2. Initially, this highway
The R
umo
had only one two-way road, somewhat dangerous due to rosa
the wind from the region, the inclination and sinuosity of
the road. Currently there are two roads with two lanes
each, one going up and the other down, with better
signaling and, consequently, a significant reduction in
accidents. 1. Did you know about the
highway?
However, even with safety measures, the road is still
considered one of the most dangerous for inexperienced 2. What are the main reasons
drivers, so it is always advisable to keep a minimum safe for the accidents?
distance, not exceed the speed limit and brake with an
engine every time. if possible and at night or in adverse 3. Would you dare to drive in
conditions keep the vehicle lights on. the Rumorosa?
3. READ THESE NEWS AND DECIDE THE BEST HEADLINE FOR EACH. USE A SENTENCE
IN PASSIVE VOICE. LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE. THEN, COMPARE YOUR HEADLINES WITH
A PARTNER.
NEWS
two minors were rescued 2.
in a road accident
A road accident registered last Saturday Elements of the Aguiluchos Mexicali Rescue
afternoon on the Tecate-Mexicali road Group provided medical attention to a
section, near The Rumorosa, left a woman motorcyclist who suffered a road accident
lifeless, as well as two minors injured. while driving on the Tecate-Mexicali highway,
in The Rumorosa.
The events took place at kilometer 60 of the
downhill section, where a truck trailer was The accident was reported to the emergency
reported that fell into the depth of a ravine, line. An unknown number informed that there
mobilizing elements of the Fire Brigade and was a motorcyclist lying on the public road
Aguiluchos Rescue. where authorities from the Rescue Group
were mobilized.
1.
3.
It was raining on the Tecate-Mexicali highway,
in Baja California, near to The Rumorosa, Martínez Veloz, a local deputy, was driving
when a car accident was reported. It was from Tijuana to Mexicali and suffered a
caused by a man who was making a live collision with a truck-trailer that overturned at
broadcast for his social networks. kilometer 61, in the descent zone towards the
capital of Baja California, which involved
The incident occurred at kilometer 108 of that seven vehicles, including a pipe truck that
road, on Sunday morning. The driver died and transported hydrocarbons from Mexican
a woman was seriously injured. Petroleum.
4. READ THE NEWS IN EXERCISE 3 AGAIN AND PUT A TICK INTO THE CORRECT
COLUMN.
In the accident was/were involved… TEXT 1 TEXT 2 TEXT 3 TEXT 4
A public official
Two wheeled motor vehicles
Two people
Young passengers
A gulch
The use of mobile
Emergency phone report
More than 5 vehicles

5. DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS IN TEAMS.
• Have you ever been involved in a car accident?

• What happened?
• Was anybody injured?
• How could the accident have been prevented?
UNIT 9Test
VOCABULARY /5
1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD TO EACH DEFINITION.
1. A structure carrying a pathway or roadway over a depression or obstacle.

a) Port b) Distributor Road c) Bridge
2. A short road that is used to get on or off a major road or highway.

a) Distributor road b) Slip Road c) Freeway
3. An open way for vehicles, persons, and animals.

a) Road b) Highway c) Slip Road
4. Things that are made to be sold.

a) Fees b) Route c) Goods
5. a town or an area of a town next to water where ships arrive and leave from.
a) Highway b) Port c) Bridge
GRAMMAR /5
2. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT PASSIVE FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.
1. Roads __________________ (build) by 2028

2. Road guides _________________ (update) every year.
3. Fees ____________________(increase) next six-year term. / 10
4. Infrastructure projects ____________________ (approve) by the governor the last year.
5. Boulevards______________________ (repair) in this moment.
READING / 10
3. READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
Mexico Tuxpan Highway
The construction of the Mexico-Tuxpan highway has been on the most important in advances in Mexico
due to the connection between Mexico City and the Gulf of Mexico. The road was built for 20 years. The
México-Tuxpan highway is made up of nine sections, with a total length of 281 kilometers; The first section
that was built is Ecatepec-Piramides, which started in January 1991 and was completed in 1993, under the
government of Carlos Salinas de Gortari. The construction was carried out by the Spanish FCC and the
Mexican ICA consortium.
During its construction, more than 2,700 direct jobs and more than 8,000 indirect jobs were generated,
mainly by residents of this region. An additional 250 million pesos were invested to renovate 66 kilome-
ters of road sections that were already heavily damaged. Although the construction of the Mexico-Tuxpan
highway required many efforts to complete, it was inaugurated on September 9, 2014 by President
Enrique Peña Nieto.
1. When was the highway started?
2. When was the Ecatepec-Pyramids road completed?
3. Who was the construction carried out by?
4. How many jobs were generated?
5. Who was the highway inaugurated by?
4. READ AGAIN AND WRITE WHAT THE INFORMATION IN THE CHART REFERS TO.
1. 20 years
2. 281 kilometers
3. 1991
4. 2,700
5. 250 million pesos

LISTENING / 10
5. LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND WRITE T (TRUE), F (FALSE) OR NM (NOT

MENTIONED).
T F NM
1. The first roads were made for international trade
2. The Persian Royal Road was built in the 5th century
3. The Persian Royal Road was established by Darius I
4. Amber and Tin was transported by The Persian Royal Road
5. The Silk Road was opened 300 years after the Persian Royal Road
6. Silk was transported from China to the Middle East and Europe
7. The silk Road was established by the Han Dynasty in China
8. The Silk Road was reminded until 1453 A.C.
9. The Silk Road was closed by the Ottoman Empire
10. The Silk Road has been used for international trade.
WRITING / 10
6. WRITE A PARAGRAPH ABOUT HOW YOU THINK HIGHWAYS WILL BE MADE IN THE
FUTURE AND EXPLAIN WHY. WRITE BETWEEN 100 AND 120 WORDS.
SPEAKING / 10
7. LOOK AT THE PICTURES OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROADS AND TELL HOW THEY ARE
DIFFERENT AND WHY.

UNIT 10 Getting Your
First Job
LESSON A MY DREAMED JOB
1. WORK IN GROUPS. LOOK AT THE PHOTOS, COMPARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WORKS

AND TALK ABOUT:
• Income
• Training
• Risks
• Job Availability
2. YOU WILL READ A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE ABOUT FAMOUS PEOPLE. ANSWER
QUESTIONS 1 TO 6 BELOW.
RODOLFO GUZMÁN “EL SANTO, EL MARGARITA MICHELANA

ENMASCARADO DE PLATA”
Margarita Michelena was born in Pachuca de
He is one of the most popular fight fighters in Soto, Hidalgo. She was a Mexican poet,
Mexico, he has been called a legend due to literary critic and journalist, whose literary
the fact that his career lasted 40 years. He was career started in América magazine and later
also a justice symbol, whose character was editor of El Libro y el Pueblo of the
became a kind of superhero. He used his Ministry of Public Education. She was also the
popularity to share information about political editor of Novedades de México and
important issues such as education, health Excélsior. She also had a radio program where
and security. He also appeared in 52 films in she answered lexicographical questions. In
Mexico, South America, Spain and even 1967, she obtained the position of press
Turkey. officer for the Ministry of Tourism. In 1980, she
founded the daily newspaper Cotidiano,
JOSÉ LUIS AND RAÚL ORTEGA produced exclusively by women. Michelena
was the CEO at this newspaper.
From Tulancingo, Hgo. Better known as “Rio
Roma”, this famous Mexican duo which sings MIGUEL HERRERA
pop and ballad music started their
preparation when they were little but their big He was born in Cuautepec de Hinojosa, Hgo.
opportunity was in an international music Miguel was a soccer player and a soccer
competition in which they had to coach. His professional career began in the
write and record a song. After Second Division of Mexico in 1985 playing for
winning second the Neza Coyotes soccer team where he won
place,Mexican artists started the championship in 1986. One of the most
to recognize them, mostly important tournaments where he played was
José Luis, who is also a prolific the Toulon Hopes Tournament. In addition to
songwriter. He has written the Neza Coyotes, he played for the UAG,
number 1 songs for other Santos, Atlante, Querétaro and Toros Neza
Mexicans singers. soccer teams.
1. Who was born in Tulancingo?

2. Who worked in a newspaper?
3. Who appeared in films?
4. Who was famous in sports?
5. Who is a famous songwriter?
6. Who used his/ her popularity to promote information about social issues?
3. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES TAKEN FROM AN INTERVIEW BY WRITING A WORD
OR PHRASE FROM THE BOX IN THE CORRECT FORM.
achieve gain offer pursue turn it down
It was only in his second year of a teaching degree at University that he decided to
1.____________________ a career as a chef. If you want to 2. ____________________ your ambitions as a
technician, you have to go where the work is. If I’m 3. ____________________ a job down in Google,
there’s no way I’d ever be able to 4. ____________________. And we’ve been able to 5. ____________________
some experience at hotels as well in travel agencies, which has been great.
4. COMPLETE DEAN’S STORY BY WRITING A VERB FROM THE LIST IN THE CORRECT
GAP.
Pursue Fulfill Launch Offer Gain Build Apply for
I’ve always enjoyed performing in front of people and I’d like to __________________ a career as an actor.
If I could __________________ my first ambition of going to drama school, I’d __________________ the
knowledge and experience which is needed if I’m going to __________________ a job in theater. Acting
is a very competitive profession, and you have to __________________ your career step by step until,
hopefully, a well-known director recognizes your talent and __________________ you a job which really
__________________ your career on stage.
5. LOOK AT THE DEFINITIONS BELOW, THEN COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE BY WRITING

ONE OF THE WORDS OR PHRASES IN THE GAPS. USE EACH WORD ONLY ONCE.
Acting The job of performing in films or plays.
Audience People watching or listening to a play, film, program or book.
Performance The action of entertaining people by dancing, singing or playing music.
Play A piece of writing that is intended to be acted.
(the) Public All ordinary people.
Scene A part of a play or a film.
Spectator A person who watches something in specific.
Stage The area in a theater in which actors perform.

1. The garden in all its glory is now open to ______________________.
2. He wrote his latest ______________________ in under six weeks.
3. The thing I enjoy most about ______________________ is the change to work in films on locations.
4. She gave a super ______________________ as Lady Macbeth.
5. The ______________________ were clearly delighted with the performance.
6. The actor forgot what he was supposed to say in the final ______________________ of the play.
7. The show ended with all the performers singing on ______________________ together.
8. He broke the world 400-metres record in front of over 40,000 cheering ______________________.
LESSON B THE PERFECT JOB.
• Are you working now or have you worked in the past?

• Have you gotten along well with your coworkers? With your bosses?
• Have you ever been dismissed from a job?
2. LISTEN TO ERICK AND STEVE TALKING ABOUT THEIR JOBS AND WRITE TRUE OR
FALSE.
TRUE 1. Steve is worried about Erick’s job.

TRUE 2. Scott argued with his boss.
FALSE 3. Scott’s boss gave him a promotion.
FALSE 4. Scott got fired.
TRUE 5. Erick is going to prepare dinner for Scott.
TRUE 6. Scott worked on a report.
TRUE 7. Scott thinks that his manager doesn’t like him.
TRUE 8. Steve, Erick and Scott are going out on Friday.
3. LISTEN AGAIN AND COMPLETE THE TABLE
Direct Speech Report Speech
I don’t think my manager he didn't like

He said that _____________________________
Simple present
likes me. him.
I’m not getting along with Scott told me that he _______________________

wasnn't getting
Present Progressive
my manager. along with his manager.
He asked me to write it all He said he ___________________________

had asked me to write it all
Simple past
over again over again.
I’ve worked here a really had worked here

He said he ___________________________ there a
Present Perfect simple
long time. really long time.
I’m going to talk to the was going to talk

He said he ___________________________ to the
Be going to
director tomorrow. director the next day.
We will take you out to would take

I told him we ___________________________ him
Will out to dinner.
dinner.
4. LET’S TALK. ASK A FRIEND 5 QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ENGLISH CLASS, THEN WRITE
SENTENCES ABOUT WHAT HE SAID.
What do you thing I like it I am learning

about this class? and practicing new
things
He said the class was ok and he was learning and practicing new things,
5. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BY USING REPORTED SPEECH.
1. 'Tell us about your previous work experience’, the interviewer said to James.
The enterviewer told James to tell about his previous work experience.
2. ‘Why are you going to quit your job?’ Claire asked Henry.
Claire asked he why Henrry was going to quit his job.
3. ‘Have you ever made a presentation in front of an audience?’ I asked Tom.
Tom asked Tomo if He had made a presentetion in front of an audience.
4. ‘Could you please make some copies for me?’ Brett said to his colleague.
Brett asked his colllage if he he could make same copies for him.
5. ‘Will I ever find the job of my dreams? Kathy wondered.
Kathy wontered if ahe sould ever find ther dream job
6. ‘Don’t forget to call our business associate‘, Mrs. Martinez said to me.
Mrs. Martínez told me not to forget to call our business associate.
7. ‘Where can I sign up for the seminar?’ Lucy asked Betty.
Lucy asked Betty where she could sign up for the seminar.
8. ‘Write down the main points of the meeting.’ Mr. Sanchez said to his assistant.
Mr. Sanchez told his assitant to write down the main points of the meeting
LESSON C I REALLY LOVED MY FIRST JOB!
• Which job would you like to apply for? why?

• What do you consider is the best working environment?
2. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES TAKEN FROM AN INTERVIEW BY WRITING A WORD

OR PHRASE FROM THE BOX IN THE CORRECT FORM.
job career profession occupation duties
1. It’s important to make sure you have a steady ________________ before considering starting a family.
2. You need a high level of education to enter the forensic police ________________ .
3. Omar Linares has decided to resign after a long ________________ in politics.
4. Please complete the application form. Write your name, date of birth and ________________ on the lines.
5. As a receptionist at the airport, one of the main ________________ is welcoming people.
3. LISTEN TO THREE PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT THEIR FIRST JOBS. WRITE WHICH JOBS
THEY ARE TALKING ABOUT.
SPEAKER A:
SPEAKER B:
SPEAKER C:
4. THE ECONOMY IN HIDALGO HAS BEEN PARTIALLY BOOSTED BY LOCAL
ENTREPRENEURS WHO HAVE SET UP WORKSHOPS WHERE TENANGOS ARE
HANDCRAFTED. READ THE TEXT AND MARK THE STATEMENTS AS TRUE OR FALSE.
Tenangos: A delightful
flora and fauna scenery
El Tenango is an embroidery style that comes from La Region Otomí
– Tepehua in Hidalgo State, Mexico. It was developed in the 1960’s in
response to an economic crisis. When a regional drought severely disrupted the
local economy’s dependence on agriculture.
Nowadays, Los Tenangos have a variety of shapes, they are distinct for their delightful
patterns full of color onto the fabric in a geometric pattern. Its emphasis is on the
extraordinary flora and fauna from the región, some of them are chickens, dogs, wild birds,
rabbits, horses. Sometimes Tenangos can be set up to form scenes from daily life, or folk
festivals and religion.
The most common fabric colors are white, red and blue. Most of the elements are not done
in realistic colors, rather using bright colors such as yellow, and green.
Tenangos are considered cultural heritage from Mexico. However, some of the marketing
has been controversial One of the main problems is that the artesans receive many times
less what the piece eventually sells for. It is estimated there are about 1,200 artisans
practicing the craft. Despite some support from the government entities like SEDESOL, the
activity pays very little because it takes too much time to finish an embroidery piece. For this
reason, younger generations are not taking it up as an activity to live for.
T F
Tenangos are embroidery pieces of fabric.
Tenangos are only in blue color.
Tenangos are not considered cultural heritage.
Tenangos are easy to get embroidered.
Tenangos are well paid.

5. READ THE INFORMATION IN THE CHART AND ANSWER THE ACTIVITY BELOW BY
USING “EITHER”, “NEITHER”, “TOO”, “SO”.
When someone expresses a statement, we can simply use phrases like “me neither”, “neither do I”,
“José doesn´t either”, “so does my mom” etc. to indicate that the same or similar situation applies
to another person, group, entity. Some form of either, neither, too, so, will shortly indicate that the
same case applies to other person, group, entity.
1. A: I don't want to lose my job! 6. A: I was so tired after working long hours.
B: ___________________. B: ___________________.
2. A: We meet with our old coworkers once a year. 7. A. I couldn’t talk to the manager yesterday.
B: ___________________. B: My collegue ___________________.
3. A: My sister can´t get along with her new boss. 8. A: I haven’t tried the new printer in the main
B: I ___________________. office.
4. A: I got a rise in my job. B: I ___________________.
B : Me ___________________. 9. A: They won’t finish on time.
5. A: I haven't been in David’s new office. B: We ___________________.
B: Me ___________________.
LESSON D LET'S DO IT!
1. SCAN THIS SAMPLE LETTER OF APPLICATION AND FIND THE CORRECT ANSWERS.
Dear Sir/ Madam,
I’m writing in response to your advertisement in yesterday’s El Sol de Hidalgo newspaper. I would be
grateful if you could consider my application for the vacancy in your Grupo Modelo Company.
I studied Business Administration and I am very interested in this position. When I left school I gained
some experience working as the manager’s assistant, where I was responsible for duties such as
taking telephone messages.
As far as my personality is concerned, I would describe myself as industrious and motivated. I am a

sociable person and I enjoy working with others as part of a team. I also believe that I am capable of
working alone and able to use my own initiative.
If you wish me to attend an interview, I am available at any time. Thank you for considering my
application. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Juan Ramírez
1. Where was the job advertised?
2. What is the reference about the last working experience?
3. Mention some details about the writer’s personality.
4. Mention a reference for further communication.
2. WRITING. YOU HAVE SEEN THE FOLLOWING ADVERTISEMENT FOR A PART-TIME

JOB. AS YOU COVER ALL THE REQUIREMENT, YOU WRITE A LETTER OF APPLICATION
IN THE SPACE PROVIDED. (140 - 160 WORDS)
Sara and Miguel Co.

• Do you have free time in the evenings?
• We are looking for sensible and mature young people to work part-time in our Accounting Department.
• You have to be honest and reliable.
• Write and tell us a little about yourself and why you think you would be suitable for the job.
LESSON E MY FIRST JOB OPPORTUNITY
1. MATCH THE WORDS IN THE BOX WITH THE PICTURES.
requirement announcement study certificate ID card applicant

letter of commitment proof of residency resume
2. FILL THE GAPS WITH THE VOCABULARY IN EXERCISE 1.
1. She applied for this job, now she is an _______________________.

2. Sorry sir, I need to check your identity, do you have any _________?
3. The university will have an ___________ next March 30th, check the information, please.
4. My school asked me for a ______________________ to promise I’ll return the books I borrowed.
5. I got 9 in my high school, if you don't believe me check my_________.
6. For this job you need to be older than 18 years old, work hard, live in this city and be
responsible. Those are the ________________.
7. In your _________________ you need to include your personal information, studies and
previous work experience.
3. THINK ABOUT THESE QUESTIONS. DISCUSS THEM IN TEAMS.
• Have you ever applied for a job?
• Did you get it? How did you feel?
• What are the requirements to apply for a job? At

least mention 3.
• What is the most difficult requirement to apply for

a job? Why?
4. HIDALGO'S GOVERNMENT HAS RELEASED AN ANNOUNCEMENT ABOUT JOB
OFFERS TO FRESH GRADUATES. READ THE INFORMATION CAREFULLY.
My First Job, My First Salary

The government of Hidalgo State presented the announcement of the program MY FIRST JOB,
MY FIRST SALARY which offered more than 1.000 jobs for young graduates from Technological
Universities and High- schools.
The main objective is that the young graduates have a work opportunity, so they can get the
experience required by different companies.
The participants will receive some financial support and it could increase with the enterprises’
contributions.
Requirements:
• The graduates from higher education in Hidalgo such as CONALEP, CBTIS, CECyTEH who have
completed 100% of the credits of the study program can participate.
• The applicants must have a school average of more than 8.6.
• The applicants from High School must be younger than 25 years old and from universities less
than 28.
• The applicants who are already participating in other scholarship programs aren't allowed to
apply.
The applicants need the following documents:
• Resume • Proof of residency • CURP

• Study certificate (with an address of • Letter of commitment
• Id card Hidalgo state)
5. ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION FROM THE TEXT IN EXERCISE 4, DISCUSS
THESE QUESTIONS IN TEAMS.
• Karina is a first year student from a technological University, can she participate in the program?
• Roberto and Manuel obtained an average of 9.0 in UTMIR, they are 26 years old this year, can they
participate? Why? Why not?
• Lupita studied in Conalep in Pachuca, she is 20 years old, she was an excellent student with an
average of 9.8. When she was a student she lived with her aunt in Pachuca, but she is from Mexico City.
Can she participate? Why, why not?
• Besides the experience, what will the participants get with this opportunity?
• Why would or wouldn’t you apply?
6. COMPLETE THE CHART
GRAMMAR TAG QUESTIONS

We use tag questions to confirm information you already think it´s true or to encourage someone to make
small talk with you.
When the statement is affirmative, the tag is negative. When the statement is negative, the tag is
affirmative, Use the same tense in the tag question as in the main statement.
Affirmative Negative
You are Juan, aren't you? You aren't Juan, are you?
She speaks Spanish. Doesn’t she? She doesn't speak Spanish. Does she?
He is going to work. __________________? He isn't going to work. Is he?
You were there. Weren't you? You weren't there. __________________?
They ate yesterday. Didn't they? They didn't eat yesterday. Did they?
Ann must come, __________________? Ann wouldn't come. Would she?
I can swim. Can’t I? I can’t swim. __________________?
7. COMPLETE THE DIALOGUE WITH THE CORRECT TAG QUESTION.
John: Look at this website! Someone told me you can get a job here.
Sandra: But If you want to work, you must have experience_________?
John: No, because the program is called “My first job, my first salary”, it's a great chance to start
your working life. It's really cool, _______?
Sandra: Certainly! But when is the announcement? It should be the first month of the year, ________?
John: No, it isn’t. There´s more information in this part. Here are the requirements.
Sandra: Fantastic, I want to apply!
8. SPEAKING
Now it's your turn to practice small talk, You and your partner want to
be part of the program:
My First Job, My First Salary

Create a small talk confirming or agreeing about the requirements.
Use tag questions.
9. LISTEN TO CONVERSATION BETWEEN MARIANA AND

JOHN. FILL THE GAPS.
Mariana: It's hot today, ________________________?

John: Yes, it is. I’m John and you?
Mariana: Mariana, nice to meet you!
John: Nice to meet you too! So, ________________________, aren't you?
Mariana: Yes, I am. And you?
John: I’m from Tulancingo, but ________________________.
Mariana: Oh that's great! ________________________?
John: It’s great, a very interesting place. You know, I want to go to the
“________________________”, do you know it?
Mariana: Yes, of course, I am a tour guide near there, it is my first job. So, you want to visit
archaeological places, ________________________?
John: Yes, I do. Are you a tour guide? ________________________?
Mariana: There’s a ________________________which helps you to get a job, it's called My first job,
my first salary, ________________________, haven't you?
John: No, I haven’t, but I really want to know more about it.
Mariana: Sure! I’ll give ________________________. You have a pen, ________________________?
John: Yes, of course…
UNIT 10Test
GRAMMAR /5
1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT RESPONSE TO EACH STATEMENT.
1. My first day at work was full of emotions.

A. So was mine B. So did mine C. So is mine
2. He ______ he wanted to go to Tulancingo.

A. said B. say C. did say
3. I haven’t met a nice boss so far.

A. Neither have I B.Neither haven’t l C. Either have I
4. I have never been to the ‘Huracan’ stadium, _______?

A. you have? B. have you? C. haven’t
5. He said he _____ met his new boss that morning.

A. has B. had C. have
VOCABULARY /5
2. WRITE THE WORDS THAT ARE MISSING IN THE SENTENCES.
gain achieve tour guide career get fired
1. What do you ________________ by having me go to my ex-wife birthday party?

2. My uncle is such great ________________ he had worked in lots of different touristic places.
3. I think I want to have a change of ________________ . My current job is getting bored.
/ 10
4. Last year one of my friends ________________ because he was caught doing some illegal stuff.
5. Having discipline is the best way to ________________ your goals in life.
LISTENING / 10
3. LISTEN TO A PERSON TALKING ABOUT MARY AND COMPLETE WITH A WORD OR

PHRASE.
1. Mary said she had ____________ worked with ____________ before,

2. Tampsa is the ____________ where Mary and John have ____________ together.
3. It has been ____________ months since Mary started to ____________ t Tampsa.
4. Mary is ____________ working with Tom. She said she would worked with ____________ .
5. ____________ said they will celebrate the company ____________ anniversary.
READING / 10
4. READ THE ARTICLE ABOUT THE ARTESANAL EMBROIDERY AND ANSWER THE
QUESTIONS BELOW.
The Artesanal Embroidery
The Tenangos are made in Central Mexico in San Nicolas, Hidalgo. Inspired with whimsi-
cal and mythical cave paintings discovered in the nearby woods. The artisans started
engraving them in wood, before embellishing designs with their own creative vision.
With time passing by, the artisans sketched their designs on different clothes to embroi-
der them creating pillowcases, runners, table clothes among other items. The process
starts by measuring the fabric. A combined labor of love, first the illustrator sketches the
outline before passing on to the skilled artisan.
There are multiple types of knots and fabric management to have the embroidery
strong and balanced, with a final wash and iron the artisans create a lasting piece of
tapestry art. Depending on the size of the fabric, it may take up to eight months to com-
plete one piece.
1. Where are Tenangos from?
2. Where do Tenangos shapes come from?
3. Mention some Tenangos products
4. What do people do to have a lasting Tenango?
5. Would you buy a Tenango design? Why?

5. WRITE TRUE OR FALSE FOR EACH STATEMENT.
1. _____ Tenangos are made in the south of Mexico.

2. _____ They found such paintings in the woods.
3. _____ Embroidery seems to go through different processes.
4. _____ It takes more than half a year to complete this type of work of art.
5. _____ The artisans are very creative people.
6. _____ The writer is talking about how the woods were used to do art.
Referencia extraida de: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5PnFndlo_0
WRITING / 10
6. IMAGINE THAT YOU HAVE SEEN AN AD TO APPLY FOR A JOB. WRITE A LETTER OF
APPLICATION BETWEEN 120 TO 140 WORDS.
City Law are hiring

Position:
Receptionist (parttime)
Responsibilities will include: Greeting clients, Booking and managing meeting romos, answering telephone calls.
Ideal candidates will: Have outstanding communication skills, Be well-organized, Be fluent in two or more languages
SPEAKING / 10
7. THINK ABOUT WHAT TYPE OF INFORMAL JOB YOU WOULD LIKE TO DO BEFORE YOU
FINISH UNIVERSITY. MENTION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS.
• Type of job
• The money you’d like to earn
• The problems you might come across
• How long you would do that job
• What you would do with that money.

99
GRAMMAR REFERENCE UNIT 1
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
• Possessive pronouns are used to replace the owner of something:

The blue dress is Laura’s. The blue dress is hers.
• Possessive adjectives are used to express ownership. They come before a noun:
This is Laura’s dress. This is her dress.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
I my mine
YOU your yours
HE his his
SHE her hers
IT its
WE our ours
YOU your yours
THEY their theirs
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
• Subject pronouns substitute nouns or noun phrases that are the subject of a sentence, and they are used to
avoid unnecessary repetition.
Some species of whales migrate to the south to breed; they also migrate because of dietary reasons.
In the previous example, the subject of the first sentence is “Some species of whales”, in order to avoid repeti-
tion, we use the subject pronoun “they” in the second sentence.
OBJECT PRONOUNS
• Object pronouns substitute nouns and noun phrases that are the object in a sentence.
Maria gave Rick a gift.
In the previous sentence, “Maria” is the subject, the doer of the action, “Rick” is the object, he receives the
action.
• Object pronouns are used to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Maria gave Rick a gift, she also gave him a kiss.
In the previous example, the word “him” is an object pronoun which substitutes “Rick”.
ONE AND ONES
• These words are pronouns, they substitute nouns to avoid repetition; they refer to a noun from the same
sentence.
ONE ONES
• Used for singular countable nouns. • Used for plural countable nouns.
• Used as a third person.
We can place them:
• After an adjective.
Those jackets look incredible but I love the yellow one.
The flowers in that vase look beautiful, but I adore the purple ones.
• After article “the”.

The yellow jacket, that’s the one I love.
All the flowers are adorable, but purple are the ones I love.
• In questions, after the question word “Which”.

Which one? The yellow jacket?
Which ones? The purple flowers?
1. USE THE WORDS FROM THE BOX TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.
my ours mine yours our your his its their her
1. Professor Juan said it was _________________ pleasure to meet us.

2. In my class, we are all excited because _________________ prom party is going to be in a beautiful garden.
3. Thanks for inviting me, _________________ house is very big, it is quite bigger than _________________ .
4. She is the best scholar at the university, _________________ name is Nallely.
5. The synchrotron is very complex. One of _________________ components is the Storage Ring.
6. Her science project is an experiment, _________________ is just a presentation.
7. She is _________________ mom, she is 50. How old is _________________ ?
8. Those are my cousins. _________________ names are Liza and Sean.
2. UNSCRAMBLE THE SENTENCES TO CONSTRUCT COHERENT RESPONSES, WRITE

YOUR ANSWERS ON THE SPACE PROVIDED.
1. A: My neighbors were playing very loud music.
B: I’ll / to / them /tell / keep / quiet.
2. A: Your cousins keep calling you, what should I tell them?

B: ask / later / them / please, / me / text / to
3. A: We don’t need these files anymore. Please delete them.
B: do / to / all? / we / them / delete / have
4. A: Why didn’t you inform Maria about the situation?

B: inform / to / her / me / told / about / not / it. / Miguel
5. A: How long did it take the students to solve the exam?

B: incredibly / solved / They / fast. / it
6. A: Maria and Joe should put off the reunion.

B: is / postpone / them / to / It / idea / it. / not / to / good / a / force
7. A: How come Peter and Martha didn’t tell us about the birthday party?
B: we / a / secret. / told / it / was / them
8. A: Diana and Luis sing wonderful.

B: heard / Haven’t / yet? / them / you
3. WRITE ON THE LINE WHAT THE UNDERLINED WORD REFERS TO.
1. There are more than 50 synchrotrons around the world. These ones have helped on important research.
____________
2. Which one does she prefer? chocolate or vanilla cake? ___________
3. A synchrotron in our country will bring a lot of benefits, one of them is the economy improvement.
____________
4. Science and History are difficult subjects but these ones are my favorites. ____________
5. Nowadays, some countries already have a synchrotron and some others are designing their second one.
____________
6. It is a big building; it is one of the biggest in the city. ____________
7. The synchrotron ALBA is in Spain; it is one of the newest. ____________
8. A synchrotron has several beamlines; each one could be used in different fields. ____________
PRESENT SIMPLE
• We use the present simple tense to talk about habits, routines and general truths
(things that don't change).
The sun rises every morning.

Walter and Jenny don’t work from Monday to Friday.
Does Henry like to study English?
What do you do at the weekend?
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Subject + verb I live in Tula Alex lives in Tasquillo
Subject + auxiliary I do not (don’t) live in Alex does not (doesn’t)

Negative
negative (do / does) + verb Pachuca live in Actopan.
Auxiliary (do / does) + Do you live near Does he live with his
Interrogative
subject + verb + ? school? family?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
• We use the present continuous tense to talk • It is also used to speak about temporary present
about actions that are happening at the moment
of speaking but will finish in a short time. I am staying with my parents for a while.
They are reading an interesting book.
We are learning right now. Is she studying?
He isn’t sleeping at the moment. He is not playing at the moment, he broke his arm.
Are they dancing now?
What is the cat doing now?
We always use the verb To Be as an auxiliary and

the main verb goes in gerund –ing-
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Subject + auxiliary (am / is / I am listening to music Alex is playing volleyball
are) + verb in gerund I am not reading a book.
Negative Subect + auxiliary negative + We are not (aren’t) Alex is not (isn’t) living in
verb in gerund playing chess. Actopan.
Interrogative Auxiliary (am / is / are) + Are you living alone? Is he talking to his family?
subject + verb in gerund + ?

PRESENT TENSES WITH FUTURE MEANING
• The Present Continuous (Progressive) and the Present Simple are also used to express future activities.
PRESENT SIMPLE
We use the Present Simple for the future to talk about schedules, timetables or itineraries. Those events that
are already established and we can’t change them.
The bus leaves at 10:30.

My cousins arrive at 5 o’clock.
What time does the class start?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
We use the Present Continuous for the future to talk about arrangements that we have already made, we set
an hour and a day but they can be changed or cancelled. It usually involves other people.
I am meeting my friends for dinner on Friday

We are leaving on Monday
I am having a chat with my best friend tomorrow
1. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCES ON THE LINES.
1. A photovoltaic solar station is supplies electricity.
2. Sean live in San Francisco now?
3. What does a solar cell does?
4. Scientists don’t taking anything for granted.
5. What is the engineer fix?
6. Nina is wanting to register for the energy class.
7. Professor Martin isn’t knowing how it happened.
8. Does the solar farm is helping the local economy?
9. This project are enable the government to create new jobs.
10. Do those people are installing a solar panel now?

2. WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS TO COMPLETE THE
SENTENCES.
1. The governor ___________________ (plan) to build a photovoltaic park.

2. The class ___________________ (star) at 7 o’clock.
3. The teacher told us that the bus _______________ (leave) from school at 6:00.
4. Saul and Rafa ___________________ (not / play) today, they are sick.
5. We ___________________ (arrive) in London at 9:30 p.m.
6. Our brother ___________________ (come) with us to the party tonight.
7. I ___________________ (drive) to Huichapan next week.
8. What time _______________ the conference __________________ (begin)?
9. What ________________ you__________________ (do) tomorrow morning?
10. The store ___________________ (not / open) at 9 tomorrow.
3. USE THE PROMPTS TO WRITE SENTENCES.
1. have breakfast / 6:30.

They ________________________________________________________ every morning.
2. Celebrate my birthday / next week.
We ________________________________________________________ .
3. Victor / have three children.
________________________________________________________ ?
4. Leave / 7 a.m. My bus.
________________________________________________________
5. Study English / three times a week.
He ________________________________________________________ .
6. We Travel to Huasca / tomorrow morning.
________________________________________________________ ?
7. Not Play football / next Friday.
My sister ________________________________________________________ .
8. Do homework / right now.
Marco ________________________________________________________ .
PAST SIMPLE / PAST CONTINUOUS / PRESENT PERFECT
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT
Function:
Its function is to express a comple- Its function is to describe parallel Its function is to express past
ted action and / or a series of actions, what a person is doing at recent events, or to express past
completed actions in the past that a particular point in time, an experiences. It also expresses
happened once or regularly. interrupted action in the past, or unfinished situations.
We also use it to express states in repetition and irritation.
the past.
Structure and examples:
Affirmative: Affirmative: Affirmative:

Subject + verb in past. Subject + was / were + verb in Subject + have / has + verb in past
–ing-. participle.
• He went to Pachuca two days ago.
Interrupted actions are usually • I have visited all the important
Negative: followed by a sentence in simple cities in Hidalgo
Subject + did not + verb in base past.
form. • While I was washing clothes, my Negative:
cellphone rang. Subject + have not (haven’t) / has
• He did not (didn’t) go to the Parallel actions commonly have not (hasn’t) + verb in past partici-
Stadium. two sentences in past continuous. ple.
• My mom was cooking while my
Interrogative: dad was washing the dishes. • I haven´t read that book yet.
Did + Subject + Verb in base form. • He hasn’t read that book yet.
Negative:
• Did you go to school yesterday? Subject + wasn´t / weren’t + verb in Interrogative:
–ing-. Have / Has + Subject + verb in past
participle.
• They were not (weren’t) paying
attention. • How long have you been here?
Interrogative:
Was/ Were + Subject + verb in
–ing-.
• Were you listening to me?

1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BY USING THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT TENSE.
1. Susan ________________________ (be) in Puerto Rico many times.

2. I ________________________ (walk) down the street when suddenly the cat ____________________ (jump) over the fence.
3. The teacher ________________________ (explain) me the topic many times.
4. We ________________________ (try) for more than an hour but we still don’t understand what he is talking about.
5. I ________________________ (go) to London last year, but I ________________________ (not go) back.
6. Last night the phone ________________________ (ring) but I ___________________ (take) a shower so I couldn´t answer.
7. I ________________________ (go) to the cinema, they cancelled the function.
8. How long ________________________ you mom ________________________ (be) on the phone.
PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Function:
It emphasizes the completion of an activity. It describes an activity that is still in progress.

It focuses on the result. It focuses on the action.
We use both the present perfect simple (have/has + past participle) and the present prefect continuous
(have/has + been + -ing form) to talk about past actions or states which are still connected to the present.
Sometimes we can use either form and the meaning is the same:
I have lived in Tula for 5 years = I have been living in Tula for 5 years
Structure and examples:
Affirmative: Affirmative:
Subject + Have / has + verb in Past Participle. Subject + Have / has been + verb in gerund -ing +
complement.
• We have painted the room.
• We've been painting the room for the past two days.
Negative:
Subject + Have / has + NOT (haven’t / hasn’t) + verb Negative:
in Past Participle. Subject + Have / has + NOT (haven’t / hasn’t) + been
+ verb in gerund -ing.
• She hasn’t studied German because she prefers
English. • She hasn’t been studying because she is really tired.
Interrogative: Interrogative:
Have / Has + subject + verb in Past Participle + Have / Has + subject + been + verb in gerund -ing +
complement + ? complement + ?
• Have you lived abroad? • Have you been watching series instead of working?
2. COMPLETE EACH STATEMENT USING THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN
BRACKETS.
1. Sara and Mario _______________________ (live) in Santiago de Anaya.

2. Otomi people _______________________ (sell) handcrafts worldwide with the help of technology.
3. There _______________________ (be) music concerts inside Xoxafi caves.
4. A rock slide _______________________ (form) a cave in the hill for the last two decades.
5. A monk _______________________ (arrive) to that place to help people.
6. My university _______________________ (gain) good reputation.
7. _______________________ you _______________________ (visit) to Real del Monte?
8. _______________________ she _______________________ (talk) on the phone all day?
3. MAKE SENTENCES IN THE SPECIFIED TENSE AND FORM USING THE WORDS GIVEN.
1. I / drive / 15 years old. (present perfect – affirmative)
2. She / tell / about the party. (past simple – interrogative)
3. The teacher / work / for 5 years. (present perfect continuous – affirmative)
4. My sister / do homework / my brother / open the door. (past continuous – affirmative)
5. I / do homework / the lights / go out. (past continuous – negative / affirmative)
6. My family / be / rich. (present perfect –negative)
7. Your friend / visit /many countries (present perfect – interrogative)

GOING TO
• Possessive pronouns are used to replace the owner of something:

The blue dress is Laura’s. The blue dress is hers.
• Possessive adjectives are used to express ownership. They come before a noun:
This is Laura’s dress. This is her dress.
• Going to
Arranged plans We use “going to” to talk about future plan and intentions.
Example: I’m going to see my friends this evening.
Predictions We often use “going to” to make a prediction about the future. Our
prediction is based on present evidence.
Example: The sky is very dark and cloudy, it is going to rain.
• Structure
Affirmative form Subject + am / is / are + going to + infinitive

I am going to play tennis at noon.
Negative form Subject + am / is / are (not) + going to + infinitive

I am not going to play tennis at noon.
Interrogative form am / is / are + Subject + going to + infinitive?

(yes / no questions) Are you going to play tennis at noon? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Interrogative form Wh word + am/ is / are + Subject + going to + infinitive?

(information questions) When are you going to play tennis?
Special note:
Sometimes we use Present Continuous if the main verb is GO, because it sounds
more natural.
I’m going to go to the party tonight = I’m going to a party tonight.

WILL
• Will / Won’t
Based on what we think will happen (beliefs).

Predictions
* We often use I think / I don’t think…+ will
Example: I think he’ll fail the exam.
Decisions Things we decide to do as we speak. We think and execute immediately.
Example: We’ll take the 6:30 train.
Offers We do something for others.

Example: ’ll open the door for you.
Promises To assure someone that one will definitely do, give, or arrange something.
Example: I’ll always love you.
• Structure
Based on what we think will happen (beliefs).

Affirmative form
* We often use I think / I don’t think…+ will
Example: I think he’ll fail the exam.
Negative form Things we decide to do as we speak. We think and execute immediately.
Example: We’ll take the 6:30 train.
Interrogative form We do something for others.

Example: I’ll open the door for you.
Wh-questions To assure someone that one will definitely do, give, or arrange something.
Example: I’ll always love you.
Contractions: ‘ll=will: I’ll be home early

won’t=will not: I won’t be on time
1. WRITE THE VERBS IN THE BRACKETS IN THEIR CORRECT FORM.
1. Philipp _______________ (be) 15 next Wednesday.

2. My sister’s horoscope says that she _______________ (have) a baby this year!.
3. In 100 years people _______________ (live) in Mars.
4. Marvin _______________ (throw) a party next week, I got my invitation yesterday.
5. Don’t worry, I _______________ (be) on time for you, it’s a promise.
6. Look at the clouds! It _______________(rain) soon.
7. He didn’t study, he _______________ (fail) the exam.
8. ______ she ________ (help) us with our homework?
9. Omar _______________ (sleep) early tonight because he has a meeting tomorrow.
10. In 10 years I _______________ (have) my dream job.
ZERO CONDITIONAL
• Zero conditional
We use the zero conditional to talk about general truths or to describe facts. The important thing
about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same result.
We can use this form to tell other people what to do or to give advice (in imperative forms).
If + subject + preset simple + , + subject + present simple

(If clause) (Main clause)
If the weather is very cold, water freezes.
Subject + present simple + if + subject + preset simple

(Main clause) (if clause)
Water freezes if it the weather is very cold.
If + present simple + imperative

If you fell sick, call a doctor.
2. USE THE PROMPTS TO MAKE SENTENCES IN ZERO CONDITIONAL.
EXAMPLE: smoke alarm go off / everyone get scared.

If the smoke alarm goes off, everyone gets scared.
1. Philipp ______________________ (be) 15 next Wednesday.

2. My sister’s horoscope says that she ______________________ (have) a baby this year!.
3. In 100 years people ______________________ (live) in Mars.
4. Marvin ______________________ (throw) a party next week, I got my invitation yesterday.
5. Don’t worry, I ______________________ (be) on time for you, it’s a promise.
6. Look at the clouds! It ______________________ (rain) soon.
7. He didn’t study, he ______________________ (fail) the exam.
8. ______________________ she ______________________ (help) us with our homework?
9. Omar ______________________ (sleep) early tonight because he has a meeting tomorrow.
10. In 10 years I ______________________ (have) my dream job.
FIRST CONDITIONAL
• First Conditional
We use it to describe a possible present condition and its possible result – in the present or future.
They describe particular situations and the result may change every time we perform the condition;
that is why the main clause should be in simple future.
We use the present simple in the if clause and will future in the result:
If + subject + present simple +, + subject + will / won’t
If he bikes to work, he’ll get there quicker.
Remember, we can switch clause order and the meaning is not affected, just by taking away the
comma.
You will feel happier if you work less.
Note that we don’t use will / won’t in the if clause:

If you work less, you will feel happier. (Not “If you will work less”…)
3. WRITE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS.
1. John / get up / early / he / catch / the school bus.
2. you / not exercise / you / not lose / any weight.
3. you / not sleep / at all / you / drink / so much coffee.
4. Mary / not feel / stressed / she / get / enough sleep / tonight.
5. I / not get / a vacation soon / I / feel / very tired.
6. We / pass / the exam / we study hard
7. you / take / this medicine / you / feel / better
TIME CLAUSES
• Time Clauses
Future time clauses are similar to the first conditional. There’s a main/result clause and a condition/if
clause. We use the verbs in these clauses like in the first conditional.
• I will retire when I am 70.
• When I am 70, I will retire.
• Forms
We use time clauses and present tense in the if/condition clause, time clasues are commonly
found in future forms:
Time Clause + Simple Present +, + Simple Future
In the main/result clause, we can also use may, might, can, must, should or an imperative instead
of will.
Time Clause + Simple Present +, + Imperative Main Clause
TIME CLAUSE IMPERATIVE
When Will
Before Should
After Can or could
As soon as Must
While Might
4. COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE WITH A TIME CLAUSE AND AN IMPERATIVE.
1. ________________ you come, you ________________ call me, I want to be ready to receive you.
2. ________________ you arrive, I ________________ cook dinner to save time.
3. ________________ I am 65, retire, it is the law.
4. ________________ you finish, you ________________ leave, it’s getting late.
5. ________________ you finish your report, you _______________ take a break, not before.
QUANTIFIERS
• Quantifiers are words used to express or determine the quantity of a given thing or
object.
• We use quantifiers like a lot of, lots of, many, a few, some and any for countable objects.
• And we use quantifiers like a lot of, lots of, much, a little, a bit of, some and any for uncountable objects.
SOME ANY
Use “some “in affirmative sentences: Use “any” in negative sentences as an intensifier of
I have some questions for your friends. absence:
There isn’t any possibility to get a perfect score in this game.
Use some in questions that are offers or requests:
Do you want some water? / Can I have some water? Use “any” in questions:
Is there any problem if I park here?
Do we have any soda for the guests?
MANY MUCH
Use “many” to express a big amount of a countable Use “much” to express a big amount of an
plural noun... uncountable noun...
I have many friends at school. I received much love on my birthday.
...or a small quantity of a countable plural noun in ...or a small quantity of an uncountable noun in
negative form: negative form:
There aren’t many songs that I like from this decade. There wasn’t much to do after we failed the exam.
Use “how many...?” to ask about quantities of Use “how much...?” to ask about quantities of
countable nouns. uncountable nouns.
How many hospitals are there in the city? How much milk did you buy?
SA FEW SA LITTLE / A BIT

Use “a few” for small countable quantities. Use “a little” and “a bit” for small quantities of
I have just a few friends. uncountable nouns.
There is a bit of milk left in the fridge
I need a little time to finish
A LOT OF / LOTS OF Use “lot / lots” (no of) at the end of a sentence
Use “a lot of” and “lots of” to express very large I love her a lot / I had shrimps for lunch and ate lots.
amounts quantities.
I am a doctor and I have a lot of work every day.
There are lots of possibilities of passing the test.
UN
COUNTABLE EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
COUNTABLE
NOUNS Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
NOUNS
LARGE QUANTITY A lot of / lots of I have many / a lot of I have much / lots of time
apples
I don’t have much / a lot
many much
I don’t have many / lots of of money
pencils
Do you use much / a lot
Do you have many / a lot of water in the shower?
of friends?
How much sugar do you
How many people are put in your coffee?
coming to the party?
(a) little I only have a few / some There should be a little /

LOW QUANTITY
(a) few days off during the year a bit / some cheese in the
fridge
(a) bit
There aren’t any holidays
left this year In outer space, there isn’t
any air to breath.
some
Can you give me some
advices to be better at Can I have some water,
school? please?
Are there any chickens in Is there any chicken left

any
the farm we are going in the bucket?
tomorrow?
1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE QUANTIFIERS FROM THE BOX.

Some / a few / any / a Little / any / many / any / a lot of / a / many / much / a lot
1. I want to buy ______________________ magazines. Not a lot.

2. Have you got ______________________ oranges or pears?
3. Are there ______________________ plumbs left?
4. There isn’t ______________________ cheese in the fridge.
5. I need______________________ friend to go with me to the movies.
6. How ______________________ salt do you want on your tacos?
7. How ______________________ kids are there in your class?
8. There are ______________________ parks in London.
9. I don’t have ______________________ cars in my garage, only 2.
10. There is ______________________ orange juice left, maybe like half a carton.
11. She isn’t very sociable, she only has ______________________ friends.
12. Doctors say you should drink ______________________ of water.
2. WRITE THE MISSING QUANTIFIER ON THE LINE, THERE MIGHT BE MORE THAN ONE
CORRECT ANSWER.
1. There has been ____________ crime in this city during the past ____________ years.
2. Sorry, I cannot go to the party, I have ____________ homework to do and there are ____________ other activities I
have to do.
3. I can speak ____________ of French but not much because I haven’t had ____________ lessons.
4. In my free time I do ____________ of my favorite activities, unfortunately I don’t have ____________ because I
always have ____________ of work.
5. I am tires of the bad news in my hometown, every day I see ____________ newspapers with news about crime
and just ____________ with good news.
6. The best part of having a job like mine, is that there is not ____________ risk, it is a job with ____________ security
standards.
7. After ____________ years of hard work, engineers and doctors have finally been able to put ____________ of
medical supplies in an inflatable hospital.
3. COMPLETE THE CHART WITH THE QUANTIFIERS AND WRITE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH
ONE ON THE LINES.
COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
LARGE example:
QUANTITY
example: example:
example: example:
LOW
QUANTITY
example:
some example: There are some students in the classroom
example:
MODALS
CAN - COULD
Function:
Can Could Be able to

Present Past Other tenses
I can sing. = I have the ability. I could dance really well. = I had the I will be able to speak French after
ability but not anymore. this course. = I will have the ability.
I can fix the radio. = I know how to
do it. I couldn’t arrive on time. =It was not Will we be able to take pictures
possible for me. during the show? = Will it be possi-
It focuses on the result. ble for us?
Always use: Always use:

can/ could + verb in base form be able to + verb in base form
Not: can running or could swimming
Not: use to can or to could Not: be able to doing
Polite requests
Asking for help: Can you help me with these books?
Could you close the door for me, please?
Asking for something (ex. at a shop): Can I have a bag of chips, please?
Could you show me these shoes in 9, please?
Asking for approval (Is it OK if I…?): Can I use your pen?

Could I talk to you?
Match the columns to make polite questions
1. Can I have ( ) you give me your address?

2. Could ( ) open that box for me, please?
3. Can you ( ) a bag of chips, please?
1. LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE AND WRITE COHERENT QUESTIONS USING CAN / COULD
AND THE PRONOUN GIVEN IN PARENTHESES.
Example: I can’t ride a bike. (YOU) Can you ride a bike ?
1. I couldn’t help her. (YOU) _______________________________________________________ , please?

2. He wasn’t able to fix the car. (THEY) _______________________________________________________ ?
3. You can’t work tomorrow. (SHE) _______________________________________________________ ?
4. They couldn’t solve this. (WE) _______________________________________________________ ?
5. I couldn’t open this jar. (YOU) _______________________________________________________ ?
6. He cannot help you. (I) _______________________________________________________ ?
7. They cannot go. (WE) _______________________________________________________ ?
2. READ THE CONVERSATIONS AND COMPLETE WITH A FORM OF BE ABLE TO + VERB

IN PARENTHESES. USE ANY TENSE AS NEEDED:
1. A: I’m thirsty.
B: You _______________________ something at the gas station. (DRINK)
2. A: Our team is losing 5-0!
B: There’s only 1 minute left. They _________________________. (WIN)
3. A: What time will you leave?
B: 5:00 am. __________ you _________________ with us? (COME)
4. A: ________ you ________________________the program?
B: No, I had too much work. (WATCH)
5. A: Why was Dave so upset?
B: He ____________________________________ the house. (SELL)
6. A: ___________ Clara __________________ the bus on time?
B: Yes, she was. (TAKE)
7. A: I _________________________ lunch with you.
B: Why?
A:My boss is coming to see me. (EAT)
MUST/ HAVE TO / MUST NOT/ SHOULD/ NEED TO/ DON’T HAVE TO
Modals:
STRONG OBLIGATION PROHIBITION PROHIBITION NECESSITY
must / have to must not should / shouldn’t need to
It is a rule. It is not permitted. It is (not) a good idea. It is necessary to do

It is mandatory. Suggestion. something.
• We must not enter the
• You must wear a surgery room. • You should take an • You need to study
helmet. • You must not sit there. umbrella. It will be rainy. more.
• I have to send her my
CV. must not + simple form should + simple form need to + simple form
• He has to be punctual. verb verb verb
must + simple form • You must not stop. • You should rest. • She needs to exercise.
verb (not must not entering (not should taking or
or to enter) should to take)
• I must read more.
(not must to read)
have / has to + simple

form verb Not Necessary (Polite)
don’t have to / don’t need to
• He has to pay atten- It is not necessary. Someone else can do it for you or it is optional.
tion.
• We have to study. • You don’t have to change the time in your telephone’s clock.
(not have to doing or (The telephone does it automatically)
has to runs) • Guests don’t need to clean their hotel rooms.
(The hotel has personnel to do that)
don’t need to / don’t have to + verb in simple form
• You don’t need to bring your ID, we have all the information ready.
• You don’t have to make an appointment. Just go to the office at 9:00am.
3. WRITE A SENTENCE EXPLAINING WHAT EACH SIGN MEANS USING THE MODAL
GIVEN
(should not) (must)
(have to) (have to)

SLOW
(have to) STAY HOME

(should not)
ESSENTIAL
TRAVEL ONLY
(must not) (should)

WATCH
YOUR
STEP
4. SELECT THE OPTION THAT MEANS THE SAME AS THE SENTENCE GIVEN.
1. Smoking is not permitted in this area. 5. You don’t need to wash the dishes, I’ll do it later.
You can smoke here. You must not wash the dishes.
You don’t have to smoke here. You should wash the dishes.
You must not smoke here. You don’t have to wash the dishes.
2. You must show your ID at the entrance. 6. It is not a good idea to wear black on a sunny
You have to show your ID at the entrance. day.
We should show your ID at the entrance. You shouldn’t wear black on a sunny day.
You don’t need to show your ID at the entrance. You need to wear black on a sunny day.
You don’t have to wear black on a sunny day.
3. Wearing sterilized equipment is a necessity for
doctors. 7. Parking here is prohibited.
Doctors should wear sterilized equipment. You don’t need to park here,
Doctors need to wear sterilized equipment. You must not park here.
Doctors must not wear sterilized equipment. You should not park here.
4. My brother got a credit card and he is obliged to

pay for it.
My brother must not pay for his credit card.
My brother has to pay for his credit card.
My brother should pay for his credit card.
VERB PATTERNS
• They are formed when a verb is followed by another verb, the second verb may be an
infinitive (to swim), bare (swim) or – ing form (swimming). It all depends on the first
verb.
Verbs + gerund (- ing)

mean regret imagine
stop recommend suggest
enjoy mind finish
avoid risk miss
For negative form is verb + not + - ing
+ -
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
• Alice enjoys working as a nurse. • Alice doesn’t enjoy working as a
• She suggested telling you the truth. nurse.
• We could imagine Jon singing in • She didn’t suggest telling you the
public. truth.
• We couldn’t imagine Jon singing in
public.
?
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
• Does Alice enjoy working as a nurse? • Yes, she does.
• Did she suggest telling me the truth? • No, she doesn’t.
• Could we imagine Jon singing in • Yes, she did.
public? • No she didn’t.
• Yes, we could.
• No, we couldn’t
Verbs + (to) infinitive
hope arrange manage offer

ask expect agree forget
decide plan afford plan
invite learn decide want
+ -
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
• She decided to go with her friend. • She didn’t decide to go with her
• You wanted to visit Rome this year. friend.
• I’ve been learning to drive since • You didn’t want to visit Rome this
January. year.
• I haven’t learned to drive yet.
?
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
• Did she decide to go with her friend? • Yes, she did.
• Did you want to visit Rome this year? • No, she didn’t.
• Have you been learning to drive • Yes, I did.
since January? • No, I didn’t.
• Yes, I have.
• No, I haven’t
Verbs + gerund (- ing) or (to) infinitive

With these verbs we can use them indistinctly
like mind offer

love continue forget
hate begin plan
start prefer want
Examples
I love watching TV at nights.

I love to watch TV at nights.
We started planning the wedding.

We started planning the wedding.
I like waking up early on weekends

I don’t like to wake up early on weekends.
BARE INFINITIVE
Is when we use the infinitive without (to). It can be used:
• In modal auxiliary verbs, such as: will, shall, would, could, can, may, might, must, should.
- I can’t agree with you.
- You must deliver the paperwork today.
• After the object after certain verbs, such as: hear, see, make, let.
- I heard him laugh at the party.
- Jules can’t make you take this medication.
• Verbs such as let, make, have, get are called “causative verbs” because they cause something else to
happen.
- I don’t let my kids play video games.
- He made me rewrite the essay.
- I’ll have my sister invite you too.
- How can we get all the guests to arrive* on time?
* In this last case we use the infinitive.
1. COMPLETE WITH THE VERB IN PARENTHESES.
1. I enjoy ______________________________ (travel) by plane.

2. He admitted ______________________________ (break) the mirror.
3. I don’t mind ______________________________ (stay) up all night.
4. She’ll consider ______________________________ (have) a cat.
5. I can’t imagine ______________________________ (rent) here.
6. I don’t regret ______________________________ (buy) this phone.
7. She started ______________________________ (watch) a new show.
2. CHOOSE THE CORRECT VERB FROM THE BOX.
do open speak take play go finish
1. I want to ______________________________ to the director.

2. She’s learning to ______________________________ the drums.
3. He offered to ______________________________ us to Pachuca.
4. She expects to ______________________________ her essay today.
5. You promised to ______________________________ with me.
6. I can’t manage to ______________________________ it by myself.
7. He refuses to ________ the window.
3. MATCH THE PHRASES TO MAKE SENTENCES.
1. She made the babies a. _____ stay up very late.

2. The doctor had his assistant b. _____ go by bus next week.
3. I might walk here if c. _____ make copies of the patients files.
4. I don’t let my children d. _____ it doesn’t rain.
5. You should e. _____ eat all their food.
6. The teacher gets his students f. _____ do your English homework early.
7. We may g. _____ to read more.
1. When I grow up I want to be / being a teacher. _________________

2. I hope to going / to go to the concert. _________________
3. He finished to read / reading this book. ________________
4. I continued work / working in the library. _________________
5. Would you like to dancing / to dance at the party? _________________
6. I forgot buying / to buy a present for my mom. __________________
7. I haven’t stopped to miss / missing you. _________________
5. PUT THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER TO MAKE SENTENCES.
1. to / want / your / I / hand / hold
2. every / enjoy / I / morning / running
3. at / they / to / have / home / decided / stay
4. the / do / walking / in / you / hate / rain
5. secret / like / you / I / tell / would / to / a
6. go / please / me / let
7. party / I / saw / you / her / talking to / at / the
6. WRITE THE QUESTIONS WITH THE TENSE IN PARENTHESES.
1. Hate / go to parties? (Simple Past) _________________________________________________________

2. Recommend / drink for my headache? (Simple Present) _________________________________________________________
3. Prefer / listen to rock over pop? (Present Perfect) _________________________________________________________
4. Imagine / meet your favorite artist? (Simple Past) _________________________________________________________
5. forget / pay the credit card? (Present Perfect) _________________________________________________________
SECOND CONDITIONAL
STRUCTURE FUNCTION EXAMPLES
AFFIRMATIVE • To talk about something that is • If I had more time, I would do

If + Past Simple … not real in the present. exercise
Would + Infinitive
• To talk about things which are • I would sleep more time If I
unlikely to happen in the future. lived close to the college
NEGATIVE
If + Past Simple … • If I were you, I wouldn’t sleep
Would not (Wouldn’t) + in class.
Infinitive
1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES IN SECOND CONDITIONAL USING THE VERBS IN THE

PARENTHESES.
1. If I ___________________ (be) you, I ___________________ (get) a new job.

2. If my grandpa ___________________ (be) younger, he ___________________ (travel) long distances.
3. If we ___________________ (win) the lottery, we ___________________ (study) in the United States.
4. She ___________________ (be) the best student if she ___________________ (not / be) late every day.
5. You ___________________ (be) happier if you ___________________ (have) more friends.
6. If I ___________________ (can) choose, I ___________________ (live) in another country.
7. The world ___________________ (not be) in danger if we ___________________ (not waste) natural resources.
2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES IN SECOND CONDITIONAL USING THE VERBS IN THE

PARENTHESES.
1. If I lived in Cancun, __________________________________________

2. If I had a mansion, __________________________________________
3. I would travel around the world _________________________________
4. If I were rich, _______________________________________________
5. If I were a rock star, __________________________________________
6. My school would be bigger _____________________________________
7. If I spoke French, ____________________________________________
CONDITIONAL TYPE 3
STRUCTURE FUNCTION EXAMPLES
If • To talk about unreal o imagi- • If I had gone to the concert, I

+ nary situations from the past. could have sung on the stage
Past Perfect
+ • To express regrets • If we hadn’t played video
Would/Could/Might games all night, we might have
+ presented on time our project.
Have + Past Participle
3. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION.
1. If you had called / has called me, I would have come / had came.
2. If she have / had replied to my message, I wouldn't have been / would had be so worried.
3. If she had studied /have study more, she might had pass / have passed the course.
4. If I had prepared / have prepare more, I might have / might had got the job.
5. If my sister has came / had come to my party, she could have danced / had danced with her favorite DJ.
4. USE THE PROMPTS TO WRITE THIRD CONDITIONAL TYPE SENTENCES.
1. I / buy a lottery ticket / I / win the main prize
2. I / have more money / I / buy a great birthday present
3. I / don’t cheat on the exam / the director / cancel my test
4. My sister / wash her uniform early / It / be dry on time
5. I / don’t drink too much coffee / I / sleep well last night
6. you / study more / you / pass the subject
7. they / save their lives / they / not expose to that risk

VERB PATTERNS
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action deno-
ted by the verb
- Architects design intelligent roads.
The subject does or "acts upon" the verb like in the example, these kind of sentences are said to be in the
active voice.
Architects design intelligent roads.
Subject verb object
Sentences with verbs in the active voice are often more direct than those with passive-voice verbs. They are
certainly shorter. As a result, many businesses encourage their staff to write using active sentences (i.e.,
ones with verbs in the active voice) rather than passive sentences.
Here are 3 ways to identify active sentences.
• Active sentences are generally shorter than passive.

- Active- Heavy transports use the highway.
- Passive- The highway is used by heavy transports.
• Active sentences are more direct.

With an active sentence, the subject takes responsibility for the action.
- Active- Government has done the road maintenance
• Active sentences are more authoritative.

Active sentences are considered more authoritative because they make it clear who did what to whom and in a
succinct manner.
- Active- I took the highway to avoid traffic.
THE PASSIVE VOICE

We use the passive to focus attention on the person or thing that is affected by the action of the sentence.
Intelligent roads are designed by architects
Object auxiliary "to be" + agent

verb in past participle
• When the identity of the person/thing doing the action (=the agent) is unknown or unimportant:
- My car was stolen last night
• When it is obvious who/what the agent is:

- he was arrested and charged with theft.
• If we want to mention the agent in a passive sentence, we use the preposition by:
- The goods are imported by a chain of supermarkets.
• The passive is often used to describe technical or scientific processes or inform about something:
- Water was added and the mixture and was heated to 85°
• With verbs like know, believe, think, consider, expect, report.

We can use the passive + infinitive. We can also use an impersonal construction with It+ passive+ that+
clause:
- It is believed that the accident was caused by a gas leak
- It has been estimated that average road maintenance prices will rise by 40% this year.
• Structures like this are often used:

• To express an opinion that is widely accepted as true
- Mexico is visited by a lot of tourist every year
• When you can’t or don’t want to identify a source of information
The passive is formed with the verb be + past participle.
The verb to be is the one whose shows the tense of the sentence.
OBJECT VERB TO BE VERB IN PAST AGENT

PARTICIPLE
The goods Are (present simple) imported by a company

Were (past simple) from China
are being (present continuous)
were being (past continuous)
are going to be (be + going to)
have been (present perfect)
had been (past perfect)
will be (future)
can be (conditional)
Intransitive verbs (verbs with no object, e.g. appear, come, go) cannot be used in the passive form.
There is no passive form for the present or past perfect continuous tense or the future continuous tenses.
1. READ THE SENTENCES; THEN, DECIDE WHETHER THEY ARE WRITTEN IN ACTIVE OR
PASSIVE VOICE.
1. The bridge was built in two months. active voice passive voice
2. The Supervia Colosio was designed by active voice passive voice

the Building Company “Agua Blanca”.
3. The modernization and paving of the active voice passive voice

boulevard Colosio was completed at
the end of 2020.
4. The governor inaugurated online the active voice passive voice

second stage of the Supervia Colosio.
5. The bridge that passes over the active voice passive voice
monument of Miguel Hidalgo is 530
meters long and 198 meters’ width.
6. The traffic in many neighborhoods will active voice passive voice

be reduced by the new road
distributors.
7. The bridge of Plaza Galerías and Venta active voice passive voice
Prieta cost 206,440,667 pesos.
8. The secretary supervised the active voice passive voice

modernization and paving of the Luis
Donaldo Colosio boulevard.
2. WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.
1. The reconstruction of Tula bridge _______________________ (finish) in 2019.

2. Portezuelo road _______________________ (cover) with an asphalt within 3 months.
3. El Quelite road (Mexico 15 route) _______________________ (enlarge) in 2019.
4. The Sahuatenipa Bridge in Tamazula, Durango _______________________ (inaugurated) by the President .
5. The future modernization of the highway from Pachuca to Huejutla _______________________ (carry) by the com-
pany Citrán S. C.
6. Our state _______________________ (visit) less this year due to the pandemic.
7. The progress of the work "Junction at Yexthó Road", on federal highway 120 _______________________ (verify) by
the city council continuously.
8. In Oaxaca, roads _______________________ (build) with the labor of the inhabitants of the region.
3. ORDER THE WORDS INTO THE CORRECT PASSIVE VOICE FORM OF THE SENTENCE.
1. Collided / The / was / truck / by / a / bus
2. The / and / transportation / by / communication / congress / law / was / denied / the
3. Be / City / from / Goods / will / Mexico / transported / Huejutla / to
4. The / roads / were / opened / for / the / inhabitants
5. The / by / new / has / project / been / bridge / analyzed / experts
6. Will / Accidents / prevented / checkpoint / by / the / be / police
7. The / days / Arco Norte / closed / will / be / 10 / Highway / for
8. ago / were / repaired / Metztitlan / Roads / two / months /just

REPORTED SPEECH VS. DIRECT SPEECH
• In Direct Speech, we repeat the words that someone said without making any
change. We usually use the verb say (in past) and the words of the speaker are put in
quotation marks.
Lisa said, “I am considering of have my hair done”.
• In Reported Speech, we report the meaning of a sentence that someone else said but making the necessary
changes. We use a reporting verb, usually say or tell, and the reported statement.
Lisa said that she was considering of having her hair done.
• It’s necessary to change pronouns and possessive adjectives to keep the meaning of the sentence.
“This is my new car” Dan said.

Dan said that was his new car.
When we write a sentence that change from Direct to Reported Speech, tenses, modals and time expressions
change as follows:
PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE
I like my job She said that she liked her job
Present Progressive Past Progressive
I am working as a teacher He said that he was working as a teacher
Past Simple Past perfect simple
I bought a new car She said that she had bought a new car
Present Perfect Simple Past perfect simple
I have taken 5 job interviews He said that he had taken 5 job interviews
Present Perfect Progressive Past perfect progressive
I’ve been waiting for an hour Andy said that he had been waiting for an hour
Future - will Modal would
I'll see you later She said that she would see me later.
Can Could
I can speak perfect English She said that she could speak perfect English
Today, tonight That day, that night
Tomorrow The next day, the following day
Yesterday The previous day/ the day before

REPORTED SPEECH QUESTIONS
Affirmative word order is used in reported questions, that is, the subject comes before the verb, and it is not
necessary to use “do” or “di”’: The clause contains the question, in affirmative word order with the necessary
tense change.
“Where does Peter live?” = She asked him where Peter lived.
Yes / no questions: This type of question is reported by using ‘ask’ + ‘if / whether + clause:
“Do you speak English?” = He asked me if I spoke English.

“Are you British or American?” = He asked me whether I was British or American.
“Is it raining?” = She asked if it was raining.
1. SWITCH THE DIRECT SPEECH SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH.
1. “My family bought a house into the woods last year”. Said Alexa
2. “I don’t want to visit NY”, Tom said.
3. “Buying a house makes independent”, Mr. Sanchez said.
4. “You should study more”, the teacher said.
5. “I will talk to you tomorrow”, Juan said to Lila.
6. “Give me 5 dollars, I need to buy food”, Ana told Emma.
7. “Why did you fail?” asked my father.
8. “Can you drive me to the airport?” Jorge asked.
9. “She didn’t answer her phone”, Raul said
10. “We haven’t broken a bone yet”, the twins said
SO, TOO, NEITHER – NOR, EITHER
We use so and too, to indicate that we agree or we share the same opinion as an affirmative sentence, they are
located in different positions in the sentence.
Using “so”
So + Auxiliary / modal verb + pronoun
Using “ Too”
Pronoun + auxiliary/ modal verb + Too
using “so” using “too”
Speaker A Speaker B Speaker B
Sandra is watching TV So am I I am too
Juan can speak French fluently So can I I can too
Terry has completed his master’s degree So has James James has too
HIs parents should be more responsible So should we We should too
Clara was so worried yesterday So was I I was too
Mary and Santy will join the chess club So will Jessica Santy will too
José looks so confident So do I I do too
On the other hand, neither, or and either are used to share the same opinion as a negative sentence.
Using “neither – nor”

Neither (nor) + auxiliary / modal verb + pronoun
Speaker B Speaker B
Daniel isn’t working Neither (nor) am I
Sandra cannot play the violin Neither (nor) can I
Jenny hasn’t eaten her muffin Neither (nor) has Joaquin
They shouldn’t complain Neither (nor) should we
Lulu was not worried at all Neither (nor) was her husband
Flor and Sam won’t attend the conference Neither ( nor) will I
Cats cannot fly Neither (nor) can dogs
Note: Although there is a negative statement, we use a positive auxiliary form, neither / nor carry the
negation.
The Speaker A: She isn´t guilty B: Nor is Amanda. (NOT nor isn´t Amanda)
Using “Either”
Pronoun + auxiliary / modal verb + either
Speaker B Speaker B
Daniel isn’t working Am not I working either
Sandra cannot play the violin I can’t play it either
Jenny hasn’t eaten her muffin Joaquin hasn’t eaten it either
They shouldn’t complain We shouldn’t either
Lulu was not worried at all Her husband wasn’t either
Flor and Sam won’t attend the conference I won’t either
Cats cannot fly Dogs cannot either
2. COMPLETE THE CHART WITH SO, TOO, NEITHER, NOR OR EITHER.
Speaker B Speaker B
I hate spiders
I don’t live in Tula
Helena loves chocolate.
We are not going to the party.
I would like a cup of tea.
I studied at UTTT
We won’t spend the holidays at home.
She didn’t attend the meeting
Angel doesn’t deliver homework on time.
I can’t continue working.

TAG QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS.
Tag questions are yes-no questions and they are answered with short answers. They are used to confirm
information. Use the same tense or modal as the question. Check the next sentences with their
corresponding tag question
You are Juana, aren’t you? Yes, I am / No, I’m not
You aren’t Ana, are you? Yes, I am / No, I’m not
She speaks Spanish, doesn’t she? Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t
I don´t know you, do I? Yes, you do / No you don’t
He’s going to drive, isn’t he? Yes, he is / No he isn’t
We’re not going to eat he, are we? Yes, we are / No, we aren’t
They will be herE, won’t they? Yes, they will / No, they won’t
It won’t be long, will it? Yes, it will / No, we won’t
He was driving, wasn´t he? Yes, he was / No he wasn’t
They left, didn´t they? Yes, they did / No they didn’t
He didn´t go, did he? Yes, he did / No, he didn’t
She has visited you, hasn´t she? Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT TAG QUESTION.
1. You’re not in love _________________________________________________________________________?

2. You’re Chucho, _________________________________________________________________________?
3. He can’t eat candies _________________________________________________________________________?
4. We’ve met Leonardo before, _________________________________________________________________________?
5. Our parents travel to Brazil _________________________________________________________________________?
6. We don’t like hot weather _________________________________________________________________________?
7. They are not your classmates _________________________________________________________________________?
8. She is your best friend _________________________________________________________________________?
9. He doesn’t know how to drive _________________________________________________________________________?
10. We won’t win the contest _________________________________________________________________________?
197
201
UNIT 1 LESSON A EXERCISE 3
Nowadays, technology is displaying a wide range of inventions that help us improve our lives. Many countries
support science research, and Mexico is also a great team-player; in Hidalgo, there will be a Synchrotron. You
might wonder what it is or what it does. Well! A Synchrotron is a powerful source of x-rays, and it is about the
size of a football field. This machine functions as a circular particle accelerator where the electrons are kept in
a closed circular orbit to almost the speed of light generating an extremely bright light which travels through
beamlines, and it is directed to a storage ring and enables scientists to observe really tiny matter particles; let’s
say that the brightness produced by the Synchrotron works as a super powerful microscope. Technically, its
heart is a magnetic field that emits pulses and creates microwaves and some kind of radiation.
Definitely, Synchrotrons are interesting and extremely expensive projects which are normally developed by
international collaboration and require the best scientists to run them accurately.
Now, you know that Hidalgo is growing in technology investments and scientific research. Be ready to visit it
when it opens its doors.
UNIT 1 LESSON B EXERCISES 2
Have you ever thought about those events that have changed the history of mankind?
Let's talk about technology. Remember some of the moments that meant before and after science. Those which
gave us the opportunity to use technological tools even in our daily routine, but better than that, to get count-
less benefits.
The discovery of fire, The Industrial Revolution, Electricity, the beginning of computers, among others, were
turning points in the history and development of science.
Nowadays, as a result, there are new technologies that offer endless study possibilities capable of impacting on
practically any aspect of development.
An example of this is the Synchrotron, which uses particle acceleration and generates beamlines. Its spectrum
is highly usable as a powerful source of energy, and at the same time separates the atom into sub particles
allowing a deep analysis of organic and inorganic matter.
This procedure makes it possible to accelerate mechanisms and chemical processes, which means a gigantic
step forward for Biomedical, Geological, Pharmacological, Physics research and many others.
France and the United States have had synchrotrons since the 1970s. There are currently around sixty in the
world and some others as feasible projects, such as the one in Hidalgo, Mexico.
It is amazing to think about mankind's accomplishments in the enormous and still unknown scientific field.
1. GWh
2. Solar panels
3. State-of-the-art
4. Array
5. Inexhaustible
6. Boost
7. Fossil fuel
8. Carbon dioxide
9. Photovoltaic park
10. Photovoltaic
UNIT 2 LESSON C EXERCISE 2
According to the 17 Objectives of the “Agenda 2030” from the UN, one of them says: “Ensure affordable, safe,
sustainable and modern energy access for all”. Due to this, it is important to create initiatives that help giving
access to modern energy services, improving the energetic performance and the use of renewable sources.
Eventually, we will have more sustainable and inclusive communities.
Hidalgo has focused on creating a society and an economy based on knowledge. Therefore, the developing of
science, technology and innovation is very important.
The governor Omar Fayad has boosted the field of energy; an example of this is the Atlas Renewable Energy
Photovoltaic Park located in Nopala de Villagrán, which generates electricity for 120,000 homes per year.
Recently, he has made an arrangement with the ENGIE Group; they are building a new photovoltaic park, it is
going to be called Nueva Xcala.
The new photovoltaic park Nueva Xcala is located in Emiliano Zapata municipality. It will illuminate 260, 000
homes per year. In addition, it will eliminate the emission of 486, 000 tons of carbon dioxide per year which is
the same as taking out from the streets 100,000 cars. In the same way, Nueva Xcala will be a new knowledge
opportunity for university students because they will have the chance of performing internships and social
service, acquiring knowledge in a practical and experimental way
UNIT 2 LESSON E EXERCISE 2
Julie: Hi Dante! How are you?

Dante: Hi Julie, fine… I guess.
Julie: Are you OK?
Dante: I’m worried. Next week, I’m having a Physics exam, and I have problems to study.
Julie: Calm down pal. I could help you. I love Physics!
Dante: Really?
Julie: Sure! What’s the test about?
Dante: Photovoltaic energy.
Julie: Wow! I’m working on a project about it. I can show you my research.
Dante: It would be great, thank you!
Julie: Let me see… Tomorrow morning I’m meeting with my tutor, but we can meet later. What about 1 pm?
Dante: OK. Tomorrow
Interviewer: Hello. How are you?

Paola: Fine, but I’m still suffering from jet lag.
Interviewer: Oh, really? Where did you start your trip?
Paola: I went to South America first, I visited Brazil, where they had really delicious food called feijoada. Then I
flew to Europe, and I spent a lot of time visiting new places. In Spain I tried something that looked really strange,
but it tasted really good, it’s called paella, it had a lot of seafood in it. Then, down in Italy I enjoyed some pizza,
it was the best I have ever tried!
Interviewer: Wow! That sounds amazing! Where else did you go?
Paola: After that I visited France, it was my dream to visit the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre Museum. Outside the
museum they sold really delicious croissants. Then I crossed the channel to The United Kingdom, specifically to
London, where I tried their fish and chips. I will be honest with you, I was expecting a different flavor and I didn’t
find it. Maybe it was the place where I bought it.
Interviewer: Oh, too bad.
Paola: Anyway, after London, I took a plane back home to Canada. After being two months away, I really missed
a nice plate of poutine, so now I’m going to get some. Good bye.
Interviewer: Thank you for your time. Good bye.
LOS FRAILES
Pablo and Marco are two young students who are the same age and have always been neighbors in El Arenal,
Actopan. They have been best friends for 3 years now, and they have spent every Sunday morning together
since then.
On Sunday they normally walk around the city, playing videogames downtown, going to the park and playing
soccer before the sunset, but one Sunday Pablo felt adventurous and had a wonderful idea: he decided to go
to Los Frailes Mountain with Marco to take photographs with his cell phone and the camera his aunt had given
to him on Friday.
They decided to go to the mountain, and left their house very early that Sunday. They walked all the way to San
Pedro Actopan, where the mountains are located, and started to hike. When they arrived at the top, they found
the rock formations (Los Frailes). There was nobody else there. After a few minutes they met the caretaker, who
started telling them the legend of the place:
“Some years ago, there were two monks that belonged to the Agustinos Order. They used to teach people in
the region to trust in Christ. One day, they were tempted when they saw two pretty girls who were praying, and
started to bother them. However, all the people that were around got together to stop them. So the monks went
running away to the mountains, but suddenly they were hit by lightning which God threw at them. Since then,
they have been rock formations in the shape of monks, and have been waiting to come back to life to help
people like they were supposed to.”
Pablo and Marco found the legend very interesting, and after taking a lot of pictures, they decided to leave
because they were very hungry and they had to walk to the center of the town to have some quesadillas.
Since then, Pablo and Marco have been going quite often to take more pictures and to hike and climb with other
friends.
UNIT 4 LESSON B EXERCISE 2
Esteban: Hello Pam, how’s it going?

Pam: Hi Esteban, I’m fine, what about you?
Esteban: I’m fine too. What are you thinking about?
Pam: Well, I’m planning to make my family craft business grow1, but I don’t know how to do it.
Esteban: Wow! How interesting! Do you have any savings2?
Pam: I don’t have much money. Do you know where I can get financial3 and business4 advice5?
Esteban: If you have a plan or any idea, go to Secretaría de Desarrollo Económico, best known as SEDECO,
where you will get the appropriate information for your business growth6 to start7 your company8.
Pam: What a relief! I’ll learn everything about my business. If we have support for our companies, our families
are comfortable.
Esteban: That’s right! The economy of Hidalgo grows when entrepreneurs9 have good financial support and
opportunities for growth with the appropriate advisers10.
Pam: Let's go to SEDECO!
Esteban: Yeah!
UNIT 4 LESSON D EXERCISE 2
1. We will start (start) the construction of a shopping center as soon as the local government allows (allow) us to begin.
2. After Patty finds (find) a very good job, she will be able to (be able to) buy a house in the city center.
3. I have to (have to) finish the sale reports before the manager calls (call).
4. They must order (order) 80 units after the manager approves (approve) the estimate.
Elizabeth: Hey Beth how are you doing?

Beth: I’m fine Elizabeth, well I’m a little worried about my grandma, she’s just got her lab results back and she’s
positive for the new coronavirus.
Elizabeth: That’s terrible news. But I’m sure she’ll be fine. I was just reading an article about how here in Hidalgo
we have 13 hospitals with the capability of handling COVID – 19 patients.
Beth: Well that’s good news! That means if my grandmother needs it, she’ll have a bed and medical attention.
Elizabeth: Yeah! She’ll have the best Hidalgo has to offer. All the nurses have specialized training to deal with
COVID patients
Beth: And I’m sure they’ll have specialists there to make sure my grandma comes out ok. Thanks Elizabeth I’m
much more calm now.
Nurse: Doctor I need some help with this patient.

Doctor: Sure, I don’t have much time but what can I do?
Nurse: There are some bandages in the closet. Give them to me.
Doctor: There aren’t any here. Oh! I found them. I hope they’ll do.
Nurse: Ok, thanks. Just hold his arm and I’ll bandage it up.
Doctor: Wow, that was so tense. I got a headache. Is there any ibuprofen in the drawer?
Nurse: Sure doctor, here have some. Thanks for the help.
1. inorganic waste
2. growing vegetables
3. garden plot
4. compost
5. organic food
6. training
7. seeds
8. community garden
9. organic waste
10. collaborate
1. Vegetable peels and leaves are examples of organic waste.

2. You can create your own compost by mixing dirt and vegetable peels.
3. I have a small garden plot where I planted zucchini and cabbage.
4. We have some tomato seeds in that bag.
5. In this training session we will plant our first tomatoes.
6. When we collaborate, our community receives the benefit.
7. My sister has a talent for growing vegetables at home.
8. My neighbors started a community garden.
9. If you want to eat healthier, try organic food.
10. Inorganic waste takes a long time to decompose.

1. Chard
2. Garlic
3. Coriander
4. Tomato
5. Lettuce
6. Onion
7. chilli pepper
8. cauliflower
Marco: Hey! Look at this!

Ana: What is it?
Marco: They’re starting a community garden here!
Ana: Wow that’s cool! But I can’t do it. I don’t know anything about growing vegetables.
Marco: That’s the best part: they give you a garden plot, seeds and training! We could grow some organic food.
Ana: That sounds good. I really could start eating healthier.
Marco: Yeah, me too. I think I eat too much processed food.
Ana: And we could save some money too.
Marco: I can write and ask them to include you and me.
Ana: Perfect! Tell me what they say.
Ana: Did you write to apply to the community garden?

Marco: Yeah, I did. They said there’s a meeting next Saturday at 9:00 am.
Ana: At 9:00? Uh, I won’t be able to go. I must take my dog to the vet.
Marco: Don’t worry, you can call the office and explain to them.
Ana: I will, thanks. I’m going to the lab. See you for lunch!
Marco: To the lab? Could you give this paper to Mr. Mendez, please?
Ana: Sure!
Interviewer: Welcome to the studio. Please tell us about the project.

Expert: We are starting a community garden at a local university. We believe students need to learn basic
farming abilities for the future because producing our own food is a basic skill.
Interviewer: That’s interesting. Tell us about your experience.
Expert: It is not easy. Students have to learn about local crops and seeds. And they must follow strict rules in
the garden. For example: they must grow only local crops and they must not plant anything without authoriza-
tion.
Interviewer: Really? Why?
Expert: Well… We must not interfere with local plant species. We should not break the balance of nature and
when you introduce a species from another ecosystem that’s exactly what happens.
Interviewer: That’s really interesting! Can you accept more participants?
Expert: For the moment we are full. But we are opening a new section of the garden next semester.
Narrator 2: Growing your own food. Sustainability at the table. SustainabiIity is much more than big planning
and clean energies; you can take this concept home and your day to day life. I visited a group of women in
Tulancingo, Hidalgo, who decided to grow their own food at home and are succeeding at it.
Narrator 1: Luciana, 43 years old.
Speaker 1: A promoter explained that sustainability is about obtaining what we need without affecting future
generations’ right to develop. And I thought: ‘I can do that’. I like growing my own vegetables because I can use
my time and money in a better way. I don’t have to pay for the bus and spend 2 hours to go shopping.
Narrator 1: Hortensia, 52 years old.
Speaker 2: My grandchildren come to the garden and help me plant the garlic and the chards. They must learn
the importance of farming and agriculture. I think they appreciate the food they grow much more than if we
bought it. And I love spending time with them!
Narrator 1: Margarita, 37 years old.
Speaker 3: The promoter said we should plant only those vegetables that usually grow in this area, local crops.
If we respect that, we will not affect the ecosystem. We must not damage the place where we live in and my son
has to learn that with me.”
Narrator 1: Josefina, 47 years old.
Speaker 4: I rent a small house and I don’t have much space. But I could transform some PET containers into
garden plots and put them on a wall. It was relaxing and I had a good time doing it. Now I have coriander, toma-
toes and chilli peppers ready to harvest.
Narrator 2: If you are interested in starting your own vegetable garden at home, you only need to contact your
local authorities and prepare for a new experience.
Zoe: Hey Susan! What’s up? You look sad.

Susan: No, I’m not.
Zoe: Oh, come on! I know you. What’s up?
Susan: Well, the thing is I invited my crush to go to the graduation with me but he didn’t want to go. He decided
to go with someone else.
Zoe: Oh no! That’s too bad.
Susan: Yeah, I know. Anyway, I saw that coming. The worst thing is I might stay at home because I can’t imagine
going to the graduation alone.
Zoe: But the world is not only around just one person. There are other people you can invite.
Susan: I don’t think they want to dance with me.
Zoe: Well, I love dancing and I haven’t been invited yet.
Susan: Oh really? I thought you already had someone to go with.
Zoe: No, I don’t.
Susan: Well, in that case… would you like to go to the graduation with me? It will be fun!
Zoe: Yes, I would love going to the graduation with you!
Genaro: Hey Pamela! Are you enjoying Valentine’s day party?

Pamela: Hi Genaro! Yes, I am. I really enjoyed the cake. I took two slices.
Genaro: Did you try the chocolate one? It’s absolutely delicious.
Pamela: Yes, I did. But I prefer vanilla cake.
Genaro: Really? You like vanilla more than chocolate?
Pamela: Yeah, I don’t mind eating chocolate but vanilla is my favorite.
Genaro: Would you like to drink something?
Pamela: Yes, please. I’d like just water. Water is healthier.
Genaro: Do you want to drink just water? I mean, is water as refreshing as a soda?
Pamela: No, it isn’t but I’m on a diet and now I regret eating those slices of cake.
Genaro: Don’t worry. I bet you missed eating something so delicious.
(plays reggaeton music at the background)
Genaro: Oh no! This song, again?

Pamela: Yeah, why? Don’t you like it?
Genaro: No, I can’t stand reggaeton.
Pamela: Come on! It is not that bad. What’s your favorite music?
Genaro: Well, everything but reggaeton. How about you?
Pamela: I love listening to rap, bachata and regional music.
Genaro: Nice! Who’s your favorite artist?
Pamela: I’m crazy about Cristan Nodal. And you?
Genaro: Well, I prefer music in English. I like Coldplay, Billie Eilish but my favorite one is The Weekend.
Pamela: I like to listen to The Weekend, too.
Genaro: Really? Did you know he played at the Super Bowl half-time and …
Diwali is the highlight. It’s the most important date in the Hindi calendar, and everyone is invited to join the cele-
brations. It is often referred as the festival of lights. Diwali is a time for religious rituals and sharing traditional
stories. It’s also an opportunity to buy new clothes, enjoy parties, feasting and exchange gifts.
Holi is the festival of colors. It’s the most vibrant of all Hindu festivals. It marks the end of winter in India and
welcomes the spring season. On this festive and religious day, people play with colors, meet and greet one
another and create new beginnings.
Thanksgiving is a popular American holiday. It occurs on the fourth Tuesday in November. Thanksgiving marks
the beginning of the holiday season. People put up decorations such as leaves, pumpkins and a Horn of Plenty
as a symbol of abundance.
Christmas is one of the most festive Christian holidays in many countries around the world. It celebrates Jesus’
birth. People celebrate it by decorating their houses and putting up a Christmas tree, attending church servi-
ces, eating lots of food and exchanging gifts.
Carnival is a public festival which takes place in many cities and towns in many cities around the world. This
impressive party is in February or March each year. Carnival can sometimes last for several weeks. In some
places there is only a one-day celebration. There are colorful parades, bands, costumes and masks.
Radio Presenter:Welcome to the Advising Radio Program. Today we have a special guest Diane Westwood who
is a college tutor and she will answer your questions on academic and personal issues. Welcome Diane.
Diane - advice: Good morning. I’m so happy to be here.
Radio Presenter: Let's listen to our first call. We have Raul on the phone.
Raul: Well I briefly say it, I’m a senior undergraduate journalism student however I’m on a risk of failing the
whole course because I had to do the final project but due to my procrastination I missed the deadline to turn
in my final project, now I feel awful. All my effort is going down the drain after 4 years. If I hadn't been so relaxed
I might have delivered my final project without any delay. Hope you can give me a piece of advice, thanks in
advance.
Diane - advisor: It’s a shame to hear that you are on the verge of losing the semester. If you were more
organized, you wouldn’t be in this harsh experience. Studies prove that most students once in their college life
have experienced a moment that shook them hardly that reflected and put them on the correct path. If you
hadn’t experienced that, you couldn’t have understood the importance to be responsible enough in academic
issues as well in life. If you had completed your final project on time, you would have ended smoothly. However
life is all about trial and error learning. Nothing happens, go ahead and face the consequences of your acts.
Radio Presenter: Thanks Diane, now we have Sophie, go ahead and tell us your problem.
Sophie: Hi! A year ago I had to leave college. I was in the 5th semester and started working in a company. My
intention at that time was to study later on once I had already gotten a better income continue college, but I
have not been able to do it. I know I would have applied for a better position if I had finished my marketing
degree by now, but I have to work full time to support myself, salary here is good. If I hadn´t left college I might
have finished by now which was not possible because I needed the money… Well, what do you recommend me
to do?
Diane - advisor: Let me start telling you all the people who leave college to integrate to the labor market only
40% return to school and the other 60% fully integrate to work. If you hadn’t stopped studying, you might have
found a better position after graduation, I understand that you have to support yourself If you had found a
part-time job instead of a full time job, you would have continued in college
Radio Presenter: Well that’s all for now, see you next time with more in this radio station.
The Federal Highway 45
This road was inaugurated on July 1st 1936 by the actual government in Mexico and the USA at that moment.
Federal Road 45 is known as the Pan-American road. It facilitated transport mobility from Rio Bravo to Hidalgo.
The 1920 kilometers of the route had been built during 10 years and its cost had fluctuated around 65 million
pesos. From the presidential period of Plutarco Elías Calles (1924-1928), a “national reconstruction policy” was
articulated, whose main axis, besides the creation of the Bank of Mexico and the National Irrigation
Commission, was to rehabilitate and build land routes. The idea was taken from the Pan Americanism politics of
Simon Bolivar which wanted to connect north America with south America and integrate culturally and
economically countries from Latin America and the United States. By late 1933 the task was being facilitated due
to the new government’s policies. The “Good Neighbor Policy” had been promoted by the president Franklin D.
Roosevelt and well accepted by the president Lazaro Cardenas. The traffic security and mobility in route 45
would have been boosted during that time; however, the course of the idea was changed over the years and the
ideologies of trade between Mexico and the United States.

HIGHWAYS IN THE FUTURE
With almost 50 million kilometers of paved infrastructure around the world, roads will play a key role in
sustaining traffic in the coming years. Part of the research community maintains that there are not cars in
excess, but inefficient roads.
As a consequence of this dilemma, various institutions, companies and governments are introducing innovative
processes on the elements of the road. So the new freeways will be made based on sustainable development
and should be built with the intention of generating incomes at least for its own maintenance.
Let’s talk about the 3 highway projects of the future.
1. Decontaminant
Designed in the Boecillo Valladolid technology park by a conglomerate of public and private companies (Cartif,
Elsan-OHL, Repsol and the Madrid City Council), this asphalt will be treated on the surface with a fine rain of
titanium oxide, taking advantage of the common tasks of resurfacing. Sunlight, which is precisely what
aggravates high pollution episodes, activates the compound that traps nitrogen oxide and converts it into salts
that are easily collected by the sewage system through flushing or, simply, washed away by the rain.
2. Solar Roads
Millions of kilometers of pavement will be converted into collectors of energy from the sun. And although for
the moment circulating photovoltaic panels have only been installed in Holland as a bike lane, and in French
Normandy, already in its version capable of supporting the traffic of normal vehicles, it will have a promising
future because the electricity demand for zero-emission vehicles is only increasing and the price of
photovoltaic cells is becoming more accessible.
3. Luminescent
In the same way that some minerals light up in the dark, the surface of cycle paths and highways will be turned
into a kind of star path that will facilitate their transit and make it safer without the need for any electrical
installation. This liquid product, with fluorescent elements in its composition will be applied as a spray on any
asphalt surface and will also provide a rubbery finish without joints, very conducive to keeping the roads in
good condition for a longer time.
Erik: Hey, Steve. You know what, I’m a little worried about Scott.
Steve: Why? What 's wrong?
Erik: It’s his first job. I think he’s really unhappy. A couple of days ago, he told me that he wasn’t getting along
with his manager, and he said that he didn’t think his manager liked him. He said he had been working really
hard on a report, but his manager had asked him to write it all over again because he didn’t like it.
Steve: That sounds awful. What else did he say?
Erik: He said he was going to talk to the director the next day, so we should call him to find out what
happened. I told him we would take him out to dinner the next week to cheer him up. What do you think?
Steve: Yeah, that’s a good idea. I can on Friday. Are you free then?
Mariana: It's hot today, isn't it?

John: Yes, it is. I´m John and you?
Mariana: Mariana, nice to meet you!
John: Nice to meet you too! So, you are from Pachuca, aren't you?
Mariana: Yes, I am. And you?
John: I´m from Tulancingo, but I'm buying some things here.
Mariana: Oh that's great! How do you like Pachuca?
John: It's great, a very interesting place. You know, I want to go to the archeaological zone “El Xihuingo”, do you know it?
Mariana: Yes, of course, I am a tour guide near there, it is my first job. So, you want to visit archaeological places, don´t y
John: Yes, I do. Are you a tour guide? Oh how did you get that job?
Mariana: There's A government program which help you to get a job, it's called My first job, My first employment, you ha
John: No, I haven´t, but I really want to know more.
Mariana: Sure! I´ll give you the webpage. You have a pen, don´t you?
John: Yes, of course…

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G4U GROWING FOR YOU

STUDENT'S BOOK B1+

Primera impresión 2021

Universidad Tecnológica de Tula - Tepeji

Av. Universidad Tecnológica No. 1000, C.P. 42830,

ISBN DIGITAL: 978-607-8680-26-9

DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA, PROHIBIDA SU VENTA

Imagenes de iStock by Getty Images®

Secretaría de Educación Pública

Subsecretaría de Educación Media Superior y Superior

MAQUETACIÓN Dalila Lizeth Sánchez Ortíz, Lucero Alejandra Morales Elizarrarás

MATERIAL AUDIOVISUAL Y Genaro Guerrero Brigido, Jerusalem Feregrino Escamilla, Porfirio

Todos los derechos reservados a la Secretaría de Educación Pública de Hidalgo.

Universidad Tecnológica de Tula-Tepeji

Universidad Politécnica Metropolitana de Hidalgo

Universidad Tecnológica de Mineral de la Reforma

Universidad Tecnológica del Valle del Mezquital

Universidad Tecnológica de la Huasteca Hidalguense

Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo

Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo

It is clear that Hidalgo seeks to raise its competitiveness

Omar Fayad Meneses.

Para ello es necesario formar profesionistas globales e

Omar Fayad Meneses.

LESSON A SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

• Who discovered the electricity?

• Who invented the lightbulb?

• Do you know how energy is

• Have you ever heard about a

e. Magnetic field __________

h. Storage ring __________

1. A machine that achieves a high speed by means of electric Syncrotron

LESSON B MANKIND AND SCIENCE

1. LOOK AT THE PICTURE, THEN

1. What do you see?

___________________________ around sixty in the world and some others as …

3. LISTEN AGAIN AND COMPLETE THE PHRASES.

4. LISTEN AGAIN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

2. What did you understand about the Synchrotron?

3. Explain in your own words the impact of technology in daily life.

4. Do you agree with the speaker? Why? Why not?

5. Could you think about any disadvantages of technology?

6. Could you think about the advantages of technology?

7. How do you use technology at school?

8. If you were a scientist, what would you like to invent or improve?

5. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS FROM THE BOX.

my our its mine hers ours his your

1. ___________ future depends on the effective use of technology.

GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE

1. TALK TO A PARTNER, DISCUSS THE QUESTIONS.

Looking into the core of an

2. According to the article, there will be a synchrotron in Hidalgo in the future.

3. A synchrotron and a particle accelerator are different things.

4. A particle accelerator uses intense light to accelerate particles.

10. The LHC is the largest machine in the world.

Intense magnetic fields

Positive collateral effects

Subatomic structural components of materials.

GO TO THE GRAMMAR REFERENCE

5. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE PREVIOUS TEXT. FOLLOW

The word you selected in number 1 refers to: Tulika Bose

1. The word selected in number 2 refers to:

2. The word selected in number 3 refers to: