ANÁLISIS INSTRUMENTAL

TAREA: GRÁFICA DE TITULACIÓN POTENCIOMÉTRICA

1) [OH] vs Fem de celda
Volumen (mL) Fem (pH)
19.5 6.46
19.6 6.59
19.7 6.73
19.8 6.89
19.85 7.04
19.9 7.32
19.95 7.91
20.0 8.16
20.05 8.35
20.1 8.52
20.2 8.68

SOLUCIÓN
Como nos piden [OH] debemos pasar el pH a pOH para poder calcular
el [OH].
Fem (pH) pOH (14-pH) [OH] (10−pOH ¿
6.46 7.54 2.884 x 10−8
6.59 7.41 3.890 x 10−8
6.73 7.27 5.370 x 10−8
6.89 7.11 7.762 x 10−8
7.04 6.96 1.096 x 10−8
7.32 6.68 2.089 x 10−8
7.91 6.09 8.128 x 10−8
8.16 5.84 1.445 x 10−8
8.35 5.65 2.239 x 10−8
8.52 5.48 3.311 x 10−8
8.68 5.32 4.786 x 10−8

Ahora ponemos en una tabla los datos que vamos a graficar:

[OH] Fem (pH)

2.884 x 10−8 6.46

3.890 x 10−8 6.59
5.370 x 10−8 6.73
7.762 x 10−8 6.89
1.096 x 10−8 7.04
2.089 x 10−8 7.32
 8.128 x 10−8 7.91
1.445 x 10−8 8.16
2.239 x 10−8 8.35
3.311 x 10−8 8.52
4.786 x 10−8 8.68

Finalmente tenemos la gráfica:

[OH] vs Fem
10
9
8
7
6
5
Fem

4
3
2
1
0
0.000E+00 1.000E-06 2.000E-06 3.000E- 06 4.000E- 06 5.000E - 06 6.000E- 06
[OH]

2) REDOX-Volumen (KSCr2O7) vs E (mV)

Volumen (mL) E (mV)

0 50
1 60
2 68
2.5 74
3 82
3.1 83
3.2 86
3.3 90
3.4 92
3.5 97
3.6 104
 3.7 120
3.8 152
3.9 158
4 162
4.5 170
5 176

SOLUCIÓN
Graficamos los datos de la tabla tomando el volumen en el eje X y “E” en el eje
Y.

Volumen VS E
200
180
160
140
120
100
E

80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Volumen
 3) El Hierro II con 0.1N Cerio IV utilizando electrodos de platino presente
los siguientes datos. Con los datos obtenidos de la titulación: Determine
el volumen equivalente usando la segunda derivada con el método
gráfico. Presentar la tabla de la determinación.
Ce (IV) mL E (mV)
0.0 Indiret.
1.0 411
5.0 467
10.0 488
25.0 524
45.0 582
48.0 606
49.0 624
49.5 641
49.6 647
49.7 655
49.8 666
49.9 683
50.0 944
50.1 1204
50.2 1221
50.3 1223
50.4 1240
50.5 1245
51.0 1264
52.0 1280
55.0 1307
60.0 1324

SOLUCIÓN
Calculamos la primera derivada
Ce (IV) E Primera Volumen Volumen
mL (mV) Derivada promedio 1 promedio 2
1.0 411 467−411 5+1
=14 =3
5−1 2
5.0 467 488−467 10+5 3+7.5
=4.2 =7.5 =5.25
10−5 2 2
10.0 488 524−488 25+10 17.5+7.5
=2.4 =17.5 =12.5
25−10 2 2
 25.0 524 582−524 45+25 35+17.5
=2.9 =35 =26.25
45−25 2 2
45.0 582 606−582 48+ 45 46.5+35
=8 =46.5 =40.75
48−45 2 2
48.0 606 624−606 49+ 48 48.5+ 46.5
=18 =48.5 =47.5
49−48 2 2
49.0 624 641−624 49.5+ 49 49.25+ 48.5
=34 =49.25 =48.875
49.5−49 2 2
49.5 641 647−641 49.6+ 49.5 49.55+ 49.25
=60 =49.55 =49.4
49.6−49.5 2 2
49.6 647 655−647 49.7+ 49.6 49.65+ 49.55
=80 =49.65 =49.6
49.7−49.6 2 2
49.7 655 666−655 49.8+ 49.7 49.75+ 49.65
=110 =49.75 =49.7
49.8−49.7 2 2
49.8 666 683−666 49.9+ 49.8 49.85+ 49.75
=170 =49.85 =49.8
49.9−49.8 2 2
49.9 683 944−683 50+49.9 49.95+ 49.85
=2610 =49.95 =49.9
50−49.9 2 2
50.0 944 1204−944 50.1+50 50.05+ 49.95
=2600 =50.05 =50
50.1−50 2 2
50.1 1204 1221−1204 50.2+50.1 50.15+ 50.05
=170 =50.15 =50.1
50.2−50.1 2 2
50.2 1221 1223−1221 50.3+50.2 50.25+ 50.15
=20 =50.25 =50.2
50.3−50.2 2 2
50.3 1223 1240−1223 50.4+50.3 50.35+ 50.25
=50 =50.35 =50.3
50.4−50.3 2 2
50.4 1240 1245−1240 50.5+50.4 50.45+ 50.35
=38 =50.45 =50.4
50.5−50.4 2 2
50.5 1245 1264−1245 51+50.5 50.75+ 50.45
=4.2 =50.75 =50.6
51−50.5 2 2
51.0 1264 1280−1264 52+51 51.5+50.75
=16 =51.5 =51.125
52−51 2 2
52.0 1280 1307−1280 55+52 53.5+51.5
=9 =53.5 =52.5
55−52 2 2
55.0 1307 1324−1307 60+55 57.5+53.5
=3.4 =57.5 =55.5
60−55 2 2
60.0 1324

Ahora calculamos la segunda derivada para poder graficar

Ce (IV) E Primera Volumen Volumen Segunda
mL (mV) Derivada promedio 1 promedio 2 Derivada
1.0 411 14 3
5.0 467 4.2 7.5 5.25 4.2−1.4
=−2.178
7.5−3
10.0 488 2.4 17.5 12.5 2.4−4.2
=−0.18
17.5−7.5
25.0 524 2.9 35 26.25 2.9−2.4
=0.029
35−17.5
45.0 582 8 46.5 40.75 8−2.9
=0.443
46.5−35
48.0 606 18 48.5 47.5 18−8
=5
48.5−46.5
49.0 624 34 49.25 48.875 34−18
=21.333
49.25−48.5
49.5 641 60 49.55 49.4 60−34
=86.667
49.55−49.25
49.6 647 80 49.65 49.6 80−60
=200
49.65−49.55
49.7 655 110 49.75 49.7 110−80
=300
49.75−49.65
49.8 666 170 49.85 49.8 170−110
=600
49.85−49.7
49.9 683 2610 49.95 49.9 2610−170
=24400
49.95−49.85
50.0 944 2600 50.05 50 2600−2610
=−100
50.05−49.95
50.1 1204 170 50.15 50.1 170−2600
=−24300
50.15−50.05
50.2 1221 20 50.25 50.2 20−170
=−1500
50.25−50.15
50.3 1223 50 50.35 50.3 50−20
=1500
50.35−50.25
50.4 1240 38 50.45 50.4 38−50
=−1200
50.45−50.35
50.5 1245 4.2 50.75 50.6 4.2−38
=−40
50.75−50.45
51.0 1264 16 51.5 51.125 16−4.2
=−29.333
51.5−50.75
52.0 1280 9 53.5 52.5 9−16
=−3.5
53.5−51.5
55.0 1307 3.4 57.5 55.5 3.4−9
=−1.4
57.5−52.5
60.0 1324

Para poder graficar tomamos el volumen promedio 2 vs segunda

derivada

Volumen Segunda
promedio 2 Derivada
5.25 −2.178
12.5 −0.18
26.25 0.029
 40.75 0.443
47.5 5
48.875 21.333
49.4 86.667
49.6 200
49.7 300
49.8 600
49.9 24400
50 −100
50.1 −24300
50.2 −1500
50.3 1500
50.4 −1200
50.6 −40
51.125 −29.333
52.5 −3.5
55.5 −1.4

Volumen (mL) vs Segunda derivada

30000

20000
Segunda derivada

10000

0
47 48 49 50 51 52 53

-10000

-20000

-30000
Volumen (mL)