UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL SAN LUIS

GONZAGA DE ICA
LA CIENCIA, SU MÉTODO Y FILOSOFÍA
 DOCENTE: Lic. Curro Urbano Olga María  
 ALUMNAS: Peve Chuquispuma Beatriz Milagros
Ramírez Yonz Domenica Antonella
Yataco Lujan Micaela Sofía
 AREA: Enfermería Materno Infantil
 CICLO: VII
 SECCION: “B”

ICA – PERÚ
2021
¿QUÉ ES LA CIENCIA?
El hombre con base a su inteligencia, trata de entender
el mundo; para enseñorearse de él y hacerlo más
confortable. genera nuevas ideas a través de la
investigación científica

Ciencia lógica
no estudian objetos reales, sino
formas: abstracciones, relaciones,
objetos ideales creados en la mente
del ser humano.

Ciencia fáctica
o empíricas acuden a
la experimentación.. 
 BUNGE IDENTIFICA 15 PRINCIPALES CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS
CIENCIAS FÁCTICAS:

El conocimiento La investigación científica es

científico es fáctico: especializada
describe los hechos tal y como El manejo de la
01 son a través de datos empíricos
04
información, pero de ahí a
que se obtienen mediante cumplir con este principio
teorías. es algo limitado.

El conocimiento científico El conocimiento científico

trasciende los hechose es claro y preciso
En el mundo existen personas
02 pues los descarta, produce 05 de diferentes entender, por lo
nuevos hechos y los
tanto la información es clara y
explica.
precisa.

La ciencia es analítica: El conocimiento

La investigación científica
cientificoes comunicable
03 aborda problemas 06 Porque utiliza un lenguaje
circunscriptos, uno a uno,
propio, que debe ser
y trata de descomponerlo
preciso y claro.
todo en elementos.
 BUNGE IDENTIFICA 15 PRINCIPALES CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS
CIENCIAS FÁCTICAS:

El conocimiento científico es
verificable mediante la El conocimiento científico es
experiencia: general:
La teoría se puede verificar para Los conocimientos que se
07 confirmar la información obtenida y
10 obtengan del fertilizante orgánico
así poder obtener un mejor de una forma particular se
conocimiento de esta teoría. obtiene que generalizar.

La investigación científica es El conocimiento científico

metódicae es legal:
08 Aplica y respeta de manera 11 porque busca leyes de la
ordenada los pasos de un método naturaleza o de la cultura y las
científico. aplica.

El conocimiento científico es La ciencia es explicativa:

sistemático:
porque intenta describir los
09 El conocimiento científico es un 12 fenómenos que estudia explicando
conjunto de reglas o pasos
progresivos. el funcionamiento y anticipando
como se comportarán.
BUNGE IDENTIFICA 15 PRINCIPALES CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS
CIENCIAS FÁCTICAS:

El conocimiento científico es predictivo

Trasciende la masa de los hechos
de experiencia, imaginando cómo
puede haber sido el pasado y cómo
podrá ser el futuro
13 la ciencia es abierta
refiere a un mayor rigor,
14 responsabilidad y reproducibilidad
para la investigación. 
15 La ciencia es
útil
busca la verdad y proporciona
herramientas que pueden usarse
para bien o  para mal.
 ¿CUAL ES EL METODO DE LA CIENCIA?
01 LA CIENCIA, CONOCIMIENTO VERIFICABLE:

4 criterios de VERDAD: el gusto, el argumento

de autoridad, la evidencia y la conveniencia.

son las verdades que se

depende de la naturaleza crean, no por conveniencia,
Para la mayoría de personas, sino como verdad ordinaria,
humana (la esencia del ser Verdad es lo que
las cosas no son ciertas por sí por lo cual no puede ser
humano hace que existan aparece clara y
mismas, sino por la confirmada ya que no se le
cosas que necesariamente distintamente
autoridad que para ellas puede exigir verificación.
son agradables, buenas y en la mente.
tiene la persona que las dice.
placenteras para todos).

El gusto LA AUTORIDAD la evidencia la conveniencia


02
veracidad y
verificabilidad
Es importante que el
conocimiento sea
verificable.
03
Las proposiciones generales
verificables: hipótesis
científicas
Es una sugerencia de solución
a un problema en el cual se
puede verificarse por
experiencia que puede ser
cierta o falsa.
04
El método científico ¿ars
inveniendi?
el ars inveniendi se considera como una
técnica infalible para inventar
hipótesis científicas que probablemente
sean verdaderas.
05
El método científico, técnica
de planteo y comprobación
conduce a la enunciación de una
hipótesis científica puede
estudiarse en diversos niveles; el
lógico, el psicológico y el
sociológico.
06 El método
experimental
Se interviene sobre el
objeto de estudio 07 Métodos
modificando a este y teóricos
conseguir un resultado. Cumplen función
gnoseológica, que
posibilita la
interpretación de los
datos encontrados.
 08 HIPÓTESIS CIENTÍFICA TIENE SOPORTES NO SOLO CIENTÍFICOS SINO TAMBIÉN
Soporte empírico:
A mas hechos que confirman y
mayor precisión habrá soporte.
Saturn soporte racional
Se manifiesta cuanto mas
estrecho sea el acuerdo de
la hipótesis en cuestión
con el conocimiento
disponible.
EXTRA CIENTÍFICOS COMO:
Soporte psicologico
Influye sobre nuestra
A C
eleccion de las
suposiciones.
Soporte cultural
En compatibilidad
B D con alguna
concepción del
mundo.
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Neptune
It’s the farthest
planet from the
Sun
Mercury
Mercury is the
closest object to
the Sun
Mars
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Earth Mercury
Earth is the third planet from Planet Mercury is the closest
the Sun object to the Sun

Neptune Mars
Neptune is the farthest planet Despite being red,
from the Sun Mars is a cold place

Saturn Jupiter
Saturn is composed of Jupiter is a gas giant
hydrogen and helium and the biggest planet
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS
01 03
Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest It is the ringed planet. It
planet to the Sun and is composed of hydrogen
the smallest one and helium

02 04
Jupiter Mars
Jupiter is a gas giant Despite being red,
and the biggest object planet Mars is a very
in the Solar System cold place
SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS
Saturn
Saturn is the ringed planet. It is composed
of hydrogen and helium

Mars
Despite being red, planet Mars is a very cold
place full of iron oxide dust

Jupiter
Planet Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest
object in the Solar System
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS
Earth Mercury
Earth is the third planet from Planet Mercury is the closest
the Sun object to the Sun

Neptune Mars
Neptune is the farthest planet Despite being red,
from the Sun Mars is a cold place

Saturn Jupiter
Saturn is composed of Jupiter is a gas giant
hydrogen and helium and the biggest planet
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Earth Neptune Mars Mercury

Earth is the third It’s the farthest planet Despite being red, It’s the closest object
planet from the Sun from the Sun Mars is a cold place to the Sun
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

01 Planet Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest object in the Solar System

Saturn is the ringed planet. It is composed mostly of hydrogen and

02 helium

Despite being red, planet Mars is a very cold place full of iron oxide
03 dust

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the
04 Solar System
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS
Earth Mercury
Earth is the third planet from Planet Mercury is the closest
the Sun object to the Sun

Neptune Mars
Neptune is the farthest planet Despite being red,
from the Sun Mars is a cold place

Saturn Jupiter
Saturn is composed of Jupiter is a gas giant
hydrogen and helium and the biggest planet
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Mercury Planet Mercury is the closest

object to the Sun

Despite being red,

Mars Mars is a cold place

Earth is the third planet from

Earth the Sun

Neptune is the farthest planet

Neptune from the Sun

Saturn is composed of
Saturn hydrogen and helium
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Neptune Mercury Jupiter Mars

Neptune is the Mercury is the Jupiter is a gas Despite being red,

farthest planet closest planet to giant and the planet Mars is a
from the Sun the Sun biggest planet very cold place
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest It is the ringed planet. It
planet to the Sun and is composed of hydrogen
the smallest one and helium

Jupiter Mars
Jupiter is a gas giant Despite being red,
and the biggest object planet Mars is a very
in the Solar System cold place
SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
01 planet to the Sun and
the smallest one

Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant
02 and the biggest object
in the Solar System

Saturn
It is the ringed planet. It
03 is composed of hydrogen
and helium
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Earth Mercury Neptune Saturn Mars

Planet Mercury is Neptune is the Despite being red,
Earth is the third It’s composed of
the closest object to farthest planet from Mars is actually a
planet from the Sun hydrogen and helium
the Sun the Sun cold place
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

01 03
Earth Mars
Earth is the third Despite being red,
planet from the Sun Mars is a cold place

02 04
Mercury Neptune
It’s the closest object It’s the farthest planet
to the Sun from the Sun
SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Mercury
Planet Mercury is the closest object to the Sun

Mars
Despite being red, Mars is a cold place

Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet

Neptune
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun

Saturn
Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Jupiter Mars
Jupiter is a gas giant and
Despite being red, planet
the biggest object in the
Mars is a very cold place
Solar System

Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest It is the ringed planet. It is
planet to the Sun and the composed of hydrogen
smallest one and helium
SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Planet Jupiter is a gas giant and the

biggest object in the Solar System

Saturn is the ringed planet. It is composed

of hydrogen and helium

Despite being red, planet Mars is a very

cold place full of iron oxide dust
SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

25%
Mars
Despite being red,
planet Mars is a very
cold place

50%
Saturn
It is the ringed planet. It
is composed of hydrogen
and helium
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Earth Neptune Mars Mercury

Earth is the third It’s the farthest planet Despite being red, It’s the closest object
planet from the Sun from the Sun Mars is a cold place to the Sun
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Earth Neptune Mars Mercury

Earth is the third It’s the farthest planet Despite being red, It’s the closest object
planet from the Sun from the Sun Mars is a cold place to the Sun
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Earth Mercury
Earth is the third planet from Planet Mercury is the closest
the Sun object to the Sun

Saturn Jupiter
Saturn is composed of Jupiter is a gas giant
hydrogen and helium and the biggest planet
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS
01 03

Earth Mercury
Earth is the third planet from Planet Mercury is the closest
the Sun object to the Sun

02 04

Saturn Jupiter
Saturn is composed of Jupiter is a gas giant
hydrogen and helium and the biggest planet
SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Planet Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest

01 object in the Solar System

Saturn is the ringed planet. It is composed

02 of hydrogen and helium

Despite being red, planet Mars is a very

03 cold place full of iron oxide dust
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest It is the ringed planet. It
planet to the Sun and is composed of hydrogen
the smallest one and helium

Jupiter Mars
Jupiter is a gas giant Despite being red,
and the biggest object planet Mars is a very
in the Solar System cold place
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS
Earth Mercury
01 Earth is the third planet from 04 Planet Mercury is the closest
the Sun object to the Sun

Neptune Mars
02 Neptune is the farthest planet 05 Despite being red,
from the Sun Mars is a cold place

Saturn Jupiter
03 Saturn is composed of 06 Jupiter is a gas giant
hydrogen and helium and the biggest planet
 SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS

Juppiter Mars
Jupiter is a gas giant and 01 02
Despite being red, planet
the biggest object in the
Mars is a very cold place
Solar System

Saturn 04 03 Mercury
It is the ringed planet. It is Mercury is the closest
composed of hydrogen and planet to the Sun and the
helium smallest one
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