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Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
• El aumento en la frecuencia de generación del impulso eléctrico
• La presencia de un circuito de reentrada
A. Taquicardia reentrante nodal B. Taquicardia con participación de una vía accesoria
1. Taquicardia de origen sinusal.
a. Taquicardia sinusal fisiológica.
b. Taquicardia sinusal inapropiada.
c. Síndrome de taquicardia postural ortostática.
d. Taquicardia por reentrada en el nodo sinusal.
2. Taquicardia con participación del nodo auriculoventricular.
a. Taquicardia por rentrada en el nodo auriculoventricular
b. Taquicardia por rentrada auriculoventricular reciprocante (vía accesoria
oculta).
3. Taquicardia de origen en el tejido de la unión por foco ectópico.
4. Taquicardia auricular
a. Unifocal
b. Multifocal
5. Fibrilación y flúter auricular.
Etiología
• Ejercicio
• Momentos de estrés
• Bebidas energéticas
• Fármacos
Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
Síntomas
• Asintomáticos
• Palpitaciones
• Secundarios a estrés físico
• Poliuria
• Sincope
• Disnea
Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
Algoritmo ECG para el diagnóstico de las taquicardias con complejo estrecho. tAM, taquicardia auricular multifocal; tAVNR, taquicardia auriculoventricular nodular reciprocante; tAVR, taquicardia auriculoventricular reciprocante; tURp, forma permanente de
taquicardia de la unión reciprocante. (tomado de blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Scheinman MM, Aliot EM, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias—executive summary. Circulation. 2003;108:1871-1909.)
Algoritmo ECG para el diagnóstico de las taquicardias con complejo ancho. AV, auriculoventricular; bR, bloqueo de rama; bRD, bloqueo de rama derecha; bRI, bloqueo de rama izquierda; FV, fibrilación ventricular; RS, ritmo sinusal; tA, taquicardia auricular; tAR,
taquicardia auriculoventricular con reciprocidad; tSV, taquicardia supraventricular; tV, taquicardia ventricular. (tomado de blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Scheinman MM, Aliot EM, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular
• Masaje carotideo 19-54% : ejercer presión digital sobre la bifurcación de la arteria carotídea
• Contraindicado:
• IAM 3 meses
• Soplos
• Evc
Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
Adenosina
• 6-18 mg en bolo
• 6 12 18 mg
Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
AMIODARONA
• 5mg/kg en 250 mg solución glucosa 5%. En
20 min
• Dosis de mantenimiento: de 10 a 20 mg/kg
de peso / 24 horas (generalmente de 600 a
800 mg/24 horas, límite 1.200 mg/24 horas)
en 250 ml de dextrosa al 5% durante varios
días.
Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
VERAPAMILO
• Dosis inicial: 5 a 10 mg (0.075 a 0.15 mg/kg de peso corporal)
administrados como un bolo intravenoso durante al menos 2
minutos.
FEr.
Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
Contraindications
Indications
Anti-arrhythmic Oral dose per day , precautions,
Effects on ECG (specific Side effects
drug (i.v. dose) other
indication)
considerations
Beta-blocker Decreases sinus PVC, VT Various Cardiac: Contraindication
node frequency, (LQTS, CPVT) (various) Bradycardia, AV s:
prolongs PR block, Severe sinus
interval, hypotension, node
shortens QT negative dysfunction,
interval inotrope severe AV
Extracardiac: conduction
Fatigue, disturbances,
bronchospasm, decompensated
sexual heart failure,
disturbances, coronary
depression, cold vasospasm,
extremities severe asthma,
BrS
Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
Contraindications
Indications
Anti-arrhythmic Oral dose per day , precautions,
Effects on ECG (specific Side effects
drug (i.v. dose) other
indication)
considerations
Verapamil Prolongs PR (LV fascicular 120–480 mg Cardiac: Contraindication
interval tachycardia) (5–10 mg in Sinus s:
slow bolus. If bradycardia in Heart failure
necessary, can sinus node with reduced
be repeated in dysfunction, AV LVEF, severe
30 min) block, negative sinus node
inotrope, dysfunction,
hypotension and severe AV
Extracardiac: conduction
Gastrointestinal disturbances, VT
disturbances, of unknown
peripheral origin, ACS,
oedema, WPW syndrome
flushing Other
considerations:
Increase the risk
of myopathy
Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
when Paediatric
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European used with and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
statins
• Implante cardiovertos desfribilador
• <mortalidad 25% (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.6–0.87; P = 0.0006)
• < riesgo de arritmia letales (HR 0.5; 95% CI 0.37–0.67; P < 0.0001)
Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the
management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital
Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
• La diferenciación entre arritmia supraventricular o
ventricular es importante tanto desde el punto de vista
pronóstico como terapéutico. Las arritmias
supraventriculares acontecen muy frecuentemente en
personas sanas, sin cardiopatía, mientras que las
ventriculares traducen en general la existencia de una
alteración cardíaca (valvulopatía, miocardiopatía, etc.).
Además, el tratamiento de ambos tipos de arritmias es muy
diferente.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
• Smith GD, Fry MM, Taylor D, Morgans A, Cantwell K. Effectiveness of the Valsalva Manoeuvre for reversion of
supraventricular tachycardia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 18;2015(2):CD009502. doi:
10.1002/14651858.CD009502.pub3. PMID: 25922864; PMCID: PMC7104204
• Katja Zeppenfeld, et.ESC Scientific Document Group, 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients
with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for
the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of
the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and
Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 40, 21 October 2022, Pages 3997–
4126, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
• Alabed, S. orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-7587, Providência, R. and Chico, T.J.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-5481
(2018) Cochrane corner: adenosine versus intravenous calcium channel antagonists for supraventricular
tachycardia. Heart, 104 (24). pp. 1993-1994. ISSN 1355-6037 https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312909
• Taquicardias paroxísticas supraventriculares y síndromes de preexcitación. Jesús Almendral revista españla
de cardiología. Vol 65. DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2011.11.026
• Algoritmo ECG para el diagnóstico de las taquicardias con complejo estrecho. tAM, taquicardia auricular multifocal; tAVNR,
taquicardia auriculoventricular nodular reciprocante; tAVR, taquicardia auriculoventricular reciprocante; tURp, forma
permanente de taquicardia de la unión reciprocante. (tomado de blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Scheinman MM, Aliot EM, et al.
ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias—executive summary.
Circulation. 2003;108:1871-1909.)