Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
ADN repetitivo
ADN móvil: transposones
ADN espaciador (no clasificado) (regiones intergénicas)
Ejemplo: Humanos 55% del genoma se transcribe (alto porcentaje de esto no llega a
proteína, intrones y RNA no codificante) 97% del genoma no codifica proteínas
45% no codificante, regiones intergénicas, y DNA repetitivo
Retroviruses can also be considered TEs. For example, after the conversion of retroviral
RNA into DNA inside a host cell, the newly produced retroviral DNA is integrated into
the genome of the host cell. These integrated DNAs are termed proviruses. The
provirus is a specialized form of eukaryotic retrotransposon, which can produce RNA
intermediates that may leave the host cell and infect other cells.
In addition to the short 5ʹ and 3ʹ direct repeats of all transposons
Retrotransposones LTR (long direct terminal repeats)
Se comportan como retrovirus intracelulares LTRs containing 250–600 are characteristic of integrated
retroviral DNA and are critical to the life cycle of retroviruses.
Son comunes en levaduras y drosofila
Menos comunes en mamíferos Protein-coding region: all the proteins of the most common
type of retroviruses, except for the envelope proteins.
Lacking these envelope proteins, LTR retrotransposons cannot
bud from their host cell and infect other cells;
In vitro studies
indicate that transcription by RNA polymerase is
directed
by promoter sequences at the left end of
integrated LINE
DNA.
Evidence for the mobility of L1 elements first came
from analysis of DNA cloned from patients with
certain genetic diseases such as hemophilia and myotonic
dystrophy. DNA from these patients was found to carry
mutations resulting from insertion of an L1 element into a
gene
SINE
SINEs The most abundant class of mobile elements in the
human genome, SINEs constitute about 13 percent of total
human DNA. Varying in length from about 100 to 400 base
pairs, these retrotransposons do not encode protein, but
most contain a 3ʹ AT-rich sequence similar to that in LINEs.