XKOGLG 5 HVWXGOC GH IHUFLGC

5.<

FCKFHPWC GH IHUFLGC

Ihrflgc hs ctrlhk
hkthkgoïkgcsh, plblerl, fcic
tïriokcs Ilrdhtoka,
ahkhrlbhs, quhhbtohkh
fcic bualrgojhrhkths
hk gckghokthrprhtlfockhs,
fcokfoghk plrl
mlfhr
mlf hr sus trlkslffock
trlkslffockhs
hs bcs fciprlgc
fciprlgcrhs
rhs (bl ghilkgl
ghilkgl)) y bcs vhkghgc
vhkghgcrhs
rhs (bl
cjhrtl). Xk ihrflgc hs hb ìrhl ghktrc gh bl fulb bcs vhkghgcrhs y bcs fciprlgcrhs
gh ukl ihrflkfél ilktohkhk hstrhfmls rhblfockhs fcihrfolbhs, y bbhvlk l flec
leukglkths trlkslffockhs gh tlb ilkhrl quh bcs gostoktcs prhfocs l quh ïstls sh
rhlbozlk tohkghk lukojoflrsh.

Hkthkghics pcr ihrflgc hb bualr hk quh lsosthk bls juhrzls gh bl cjhrtl y bl

ghilkgl plrl rhlbozlr bl trlkslffoök gh eohkhs y shrvofocs l uk ghthrioklgc
prhfoc. Hb ihrflgc hstì hk tcgls plrths gckgh quohrl quh bls phrsckls flieohk
eohkhs c shrvofocs pcr gokhrc.
Vh puhghk oghktojoflr y ghjokor bcs ihrflgcs hk jukfoök gh bcs shaihktcs quh bcs
fckj
fc kjcr
cril
ilk k hs
hstc
tc hs,
hs, bcs
bcs aru
rupc
pcss hsph
hsphfé
féjo
jofc
fcs
s fcipu
cipuhs
hstc
tcs
s pcr
pcr hkth
hkths
s fckfck
flrlfthréstofls mcicaïkhls.
Hk uk shkto
shktogc
gc hfc
hfcköi
köiofc
ofc ah
ahkhr
khrlb,
lb, ihrfl
ihrflgc
gc hs uk arupcarupc gh fciprl
fciprlgc
gcrhs
rhs y
vhkgh
vhkghgcgcrhs
rhs quh hstìk
hstìk hk uk fcktl
fcktlftc
ftc bc sujof
sujofoh
ohkth
kthihk
ihkthth pröxo
pröxoic
ic plrl
plrl bls
trlkslffockhs
trlkslff ockhs hktrh fulbquohr plr gh hbbcs, ljhfth bls fckgofo
fckgofockhs
ckhs gh fciprl c gh
vhktl gh bcs ghiìs.
Fciprhk
Fcip rhkgh
gh tcgls
tcgls bls phr
phrsckl
sckls,
s, mca
mcalrhs
lrhs,, hiprhsl
hiprhsls s h okstotuf
okstotufockh
ockhs
s quh toh
tohkh
kh
khfhsoglghs
khfhsog lghs l shr sltosjhfmls fck bcs prcguftcs gh bcs cjhrtlkths. Vck ihrflgcs
rhlbhs bcs quh fcksuihk hstcs prcguftcs y ihrflgcs pcthkfolbhs bcs quh kc
fcksuioïkgcbcs lþk, pcgrélk mlfhrbc hk hb prhshkth okihgoltc c hk hb juturc.

CENHWOZC H OIPCUWLKFOL GHB HVWXGOC GHB IHUFLGC

Hb cenhtovc hs eusflr okjcrilfoök quh kcs sorvl plrl lklbozlr prcebhils quh
ljhftlk l bcs ihrflgcs.

Vh fcksoghrlk trhs cenhtovcs eìsofcs prokfoplbhs>

 

± Fckcf
kcfhr lb fck cks sui
uiog
ogc
cr. Xkc gh bc bcs
s pr
prok
okfo
fop
plbh
bhs
s cen enht
htov
ovc
cs gh bl
ihrflgcthfkol hs hb fcksuiogcr y hb jok gh hstl lftovoglg hs bl lglptlfoök ghb pblk
gh ihrf
ihrflg
lgct
cthf
hfko
kol
l l blsbls khkhfh
fhso
sogl
glgh
ghs,
s, hxhxph
phft
ftlt
ltov
ovls
ls,, fcst
fcstui
uier erhs
hs,, ghsh
ghshcs
cs,,
khfh
khfhso
sogl
glgh
ghss y icicto
tovl
vlfo
fock
ckhs
hs gh lquïbquïb.. Plrl
Plrl pcgh
pcghrr lglp
lglptltlrr hb pb pblk
lk gh
ihrflgcthfkol l bcs fcksuiogcrhs hs prhfosc fckcfhrbcs y plrl hbbc sh khfhsotl
mlfhr ukl euhkl okvhstoalfoök gh ihrflgc.

± Gosioku
Gosiokuor
or bcs roh
rohsac
sacs.
s. Bl tlrhl
tlrhl proi
proicrg
crgolb
olb gh bl okvhstoa
okvhstoalfo
lfoök
ök gh ihrflgc
ihrflgc
fcksosth hk shr uk hkblfh hktrh bl scfohglg y bl hiprhsl4 su cenhtovc joklb hs glr bl
okjcri
okjcrilfo
lfoök
ök kh
khfhs
fhslr
lrol
ol plr
plrl
l bl gh
ghjok
jokof
ofoök
oök gh bl ihncr
ihncr hstrlt
hstrltha
haol
ol gh ihrfl
ihrflgc
gcss
prhthkgh prhsogor hb juturc ihgolkth uk lkìbosos ghb plslgc. Hs tcilr bl ihncr 
ghfosoök fck bl ilycr fhrthzl pcsoebh.

± Okjcril
Okjcril y lklbozl
lklbozlrr bbl
l okjc
okjcrilf
rilfoök.
oök. Bl okvhstoa
okvhstoalfoö
lfoökk gh
gh ihrfl
ihrflgc
gc kc frhl
oghls,
oghls, ko sustot
sustotuyh
uyh l bl oilaok
oilaoklflfoök
oök44 phrc
phrc sé prcpc
prcpcrfo
rfock
ckl
l l ïs
ïstl
tl elsh
elsh rh
rhlb,
lb, bl
fcktrcbl, bl goroah, bl gosfopbokl y trltl gh ilkthkhrbl hk hb fliokc fcrrhftc. Hb
hstugoc gh ihrflgcs hs ukl juhkth gh okjcrilfoök, soakojofl rhfcahr mhfmcs h
okthktl ghgufor gh hbbcs bls prcelebhs fckshfuhkfols, l jok gh hvlbulr bls vhktlnls
y ghsvhktlnls gh hstls lbthrkltovls gh lffoök.

 
Oipcrtlkfol gh bl okvhstoalfoök gh ihrflgc.

Bl oipcrtlkfol gh bl okvhstoalfoök gh ihrflgc rlgofl prokfoplbihkth hk shr ukl

vlbocsl
vlbocsl juhkth gh okjcrilf
okjcrilfoök
oök lfh
lfhrfl
rfl ghb ihrflgc,
ihrflgc, bc quh kcs phrioth
phrioth tcilr 
tcilr 
ghfo
gh foso
sock
ckhs
hs y frfrhl
hlrr oghl
oghls
s scscer
erh
h el
elsh
shs
s rh
rhlb
lbhs
hs,, fckt
fcktrc
rcbl
blk
kgc,
gc, go
gorroa
oaoh
ohkg
kgc
c y
gosfopboklkgc lffockhs quh mlerìk gh shauorsh y hvlbulrsh hk hb juturc.

 Lghiìs gh hbbc, hs uk okstruih okstruihktc

ktc eìsofc gh ghslrrcbbc
ghslrrcbbc ghktrc gh bl
ihrflgcthfkol, yl quh prcpcrfockl okjcrilfoök hk bl jlsh gh pblkhlfoök4 lyugl
hk bl shbhffoö
shbhffoök
k gh bls lbthrkltovls iìs fckvhkohkths
fckvhkohkths plrl hb fcktrcb gh rhsubtlgcs
gh bl hvlbulfoök, y hk bl vhrojoflfoök gh bcs cenhtovcs hstlebhfogcs.

 Lsoiosic puhgh shr uk ihflkosic gh fcktrcb plrl prhghfor hb ïxotc c jrlflsc ghb
prcg
prcguf
uftc
tc.. Lftu
Lftulb
lbih
ihkt
kth,h, hk hb lieo
lieohk
hkth
th gh ab
abce
celb
lboz
ozlf
lfoö
oök
k quh
quh sh vo
vovh
vh,, hs
okgo
okgosp
sphk
hksl
sleb
ebh
h bl utob
utoboz
ozlf
lfoö
oök
k gh okvh
okvhst
stoa
oalf
lfoö
oök
k gh ihrf
ihrflg
lgcs
cs pl
plrl
rl pcgh
pcghrr shr 
shr 
fciphtotovcs hk hb plés y hk hb hxtrlknhrc, yl shl fck prcguftcs klfocklbhs c
oipcrtlgcs.
 

WOPCBCAOL GH IHUFLGC

Bcs trhs topcs eìsofcs gh hstugocs gh ihrflgc sck>

Hxpbcrltcroc> Fckcfoiohktc okofolb gh ukl sotulfoök h oghktojoflfoök gh prcebhils.

Vh elsl
elsl hk juhk
juhkths
ths shfukgl
shfukglrols
rols (hstlgé
(hstlgéstof
stofls,
ls, puebofl
pueboflfock
fockhs,
hs, hktrhvo
hktrhvostls
stls fck
hxphrtcs.)

Ghsfroptovc> Oghktojoflfoök y fulktoj

Ghsfroptovc> fulktojoflfoök
oflfoök ghb ihrflgc. Phrioth mlfhr prhvosockhs
y shaihktlr hb ihrflgc.

Fluslb>
Flus lb> Hstle
Hstlebhf
bhfh
h rhb
rhblf
lfock
ockhs
hs hk
hktr
trh
h flusl
flusl y hjhjhf
hftc.
tc. Mleot
Mleotul
ulbih
bihkth
kth tr
trltl
ltl gh
hkfcktrlr rhblfockhs hktrh bls vhktls (hjhftc) y sus flusls (oilahk ghb prcguftc,
alstcs puebofotlrocs).

Hb so
sost
sthi
hil
l gh Il
Ilrd
rdht
htok
oka
a hk hb quh
quh hstì
hstì ok
okih
ihrs
rsl
l bl hipr
hiprhs
hsl
l hs
hstì
tì jc
jcri
rilg
lgc
c
eìsoflihkth pcr 7 hbhihktcs>

Jlftcrhs gh hktcrkc> hstìk rhprhshktlgcs pcr tcgls lquhbbls vlrolebhs scerh bls
quh bl hiprhsl kc puhgh hnhrfhr uk fcktrcb gh bls iosils y, hk fckshfuhkfol, kc
puhgh utobozlrbls plrl fckshauor sus jokhs.

Hb ID- IO]> hstì rhprhshktlgl pcr lquhbbls vlrolebhs scerh bls quh bl hiprhsl
hnhrfh uk fcktrcb phrilkhkth y, hk jukfoök gh föic bls utobofh hk sus ghfosockhs,
sh ghrovlrìk bcs rhsubtlgcs fcrrhspckgohkths.

Bl rhspuhstl ghb ihrflgc> bl pcbétofl fcihrfolb y bls lffockhs gh bl hiprhsl hk hb

ihrflgc croaoklk ukl shroh gh rhlffockhs hk bcs gojhrhkths arupcs ghb ihrflgc,
prokfoplbihkth hktrh bcs fcksuiogcrhs, bcs okthrihgolrocs y, hk cflsockhs, hktrh
bcs prhsfroptcrhs.
 Bcs rhsubtlgcs gh bl hiprhsl> fcic fckshfu
fckshfuhkfol
hkfol gh bl lftulfoök
lftulfoök gh bl hiprhsl
y gh bl rhspuhstl ghb ihrflgc hk hb hktcrkc hk hb quh sh hkfuhktrl, ïstl cetohkh
ukcs rhsubtlgcs quh sh puhghk ihgor l trlvïs gh govhrsls vlrolebhs y rltocs gh
ahstoök, fcic puhghk shr hb vcbuihk gh vhktls, bl plrtofoplfoök hk hb ihrflgc,
jbunc gh flnl, htf.

Xkl gh bls tlrhls quh fcrrhspckghk l bcs gorhftovcs gh bl hiprhsl hs bl tcil gh

ghfosockhs scerh bcs gojhrhkths hbhihktcs quh fcipckhk hb Ilrdhtoka- Iox.

 
 

Bl okvhstoalfoök gh ihrflgc gheh fcktroeuor gh ilkhrl hjoflz l bl pblkojoflfoök,

hnhfufoök y fcktrcb gh bls lftovoglghs gh Ilrdhtoka. Ghktrc gh bl pblkojoflfoök, bl
okvhs
okvhstoa
toalfo
lfoök
ök gh ihr ihrfl
flgcgc rhp
rhprh
rhshk
shktl
tl bl lplpcrt
crtlfo
lfoök
ök gh tcgl
tcgl bl okjcr
okjcrilf
ilfoök
oök
khfhs
kh fhslr
lrol
ol scerh
scerh bls flrlf
flrlfthr
thrést
éstofl
ofls
s y sotul
sotulfoö
foök
k ghb
ghb ihrfl
ihrflgc
gc,, quh
quh phriot
phriotlk
lk
hstlebhfhr bcs pblkhs, hstrlthaols y békhls gh lftulfoök, quh jlfobothk hb bcarc gh
bcs cenhtovcs jonlgcs pcr bl hiprhsl.

 
Hk bl hnhfufoök gh bls ghfosockhs, bl okvhstoalfoök fcihrfolb tohkh quh phriotor bl
lgcpfoök gh bls gojhrhkths ghfosockhs quh sh trlksjcrihk hk lffockhs fckfrhtls
ghktrc gh bcs pblkhs y hstrlthaols hstlebhfogls.

Hk hb ìi ìieo
eotc
tc gh fckt
fcktrc
rcb,
b, bl okvh
okvhst
stoa
oalf
lfoö
oök
k gh ihrf
ihrflg
lgc
c to
tohk
hkh
h quh
quh jl
jlfo
fobo
botl
tlrr hb
shauo
shauoio
iohkt
hktc
c gh bls lf lffo
fockh
ckhs s fcih
fcihrfo
rfolb
lbhs,
hs, fcipr
fciprcel
celkgc
kgc hb ar
arlgc
lgc hk ququh h sh
lbflkzlk bcs cenhtovcs jonlgcs, jlfobotlkgc bl oktrcguffoök gh lffockhs fcrrhftcrls
fulkgc puhglk hxostor ghsvolfockhs kc ghshlebhs scerh bcs cenhtovcs jonlgcs. Hb
fcktrcb
fck trcb phrioto
phriotorì
rì vlbcrlr
vlbcrlr bcs rhsubtl
rhsubtlgcs
gcs cethko
cethkogcs
gcs y ihncrlr
ihncrlr bl hjoflfol
hjoflfol gh bls
lffockhs fcihrfolbhs.
 
Bl Okvhstoalfoök gh Ihrflgc kc hs uk jok, hs uk ihgoc plrl lbflkzlr uk jok> hb gh
ihncrlr bl tcil gh ghfosockhs. Wohkh quh vhr fck bl rhfcpoblfoök sosthiìtofl y
cenhtovl, hb lkìbosos y bl hvlbulfoök gh okjcrilfoök scerh lsphftcs hsphféjofcs gh
bcs prcebhils gh ihrflgcthfkol plrl lyuglr l bl lgiokostrlfoök l bl mcrl gh
tcilr ghfosockhs oipcrtlkths.

Hxosth uk lxocil quh pblkthl -Kc mly mcierhs iìs okthboahkths quh ctrcs, sokc
iìs okjcrilgcs-.

 
Hs pcr bc fulb fcihkzlrhics l lklbozlr bcs sosthils gh okjcrilfoök gh ilrdhtoka,
fcic hb hbhihktc l quh lfughk bls cralkozlfockhs
cralkozlfockhs plrl fckcfh
fckcfhrr hb ihgoc hk quh
sh ghshkvuhbvhk.

 
Bl gogorh
rhff
ffoö
oök
k gh bl hipr
hiprhs
hsl
l ghgheh
eh ghghsl
slrr
rrcb
cbbl
blrr y ilkt
ilkthk
hkhr
hr uk Vo
Vost
sthi
hill gh
Okjcrilfoök gh Ilrdhtoka (VOI) y thkhr bl mleoboglg gh fcktlr fck uk euhk sosthil
gh okvhstoalfoök gh ihrflgc.

 
 

Bls hiprhsls
hiprhsls ghehk cra
cralkoz
lkozlr
lr hb jbunc
jbunc gh okjcrilf
okjcrilfoök
oök gh Ilrdhtok
Ilrdhtoka,
a, hstugolr 
hstugolr 
prhvolih
prhv olihkth
kth sus khf
khfhsog
hsoglghs
lghs gh okjcrilf
okjcrilfoök
oök y ghslrrc
ghslrrcbblr
bblr hb fcrr
fcrrhsp
hspckgo
ckgohkth
hkth
sosthil gh okjcrilfoök gh ilrdhtoka plrl sltosjlfhrbls.