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Medicina Intensiva 46S1 (2022):1-13

ISSN: 0210-5691
Sociedad Española
de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica
y Unidades Coronarias
Federación Panamericana
e Ibérica de Sociedades
de Medicina Crítica Incluida en:
y Terapia Intensiva Index Medicus/MEDLINE

Volumen 34, Número 5. Junio-Julio 2010 EMBASE/Excerpta Medica

medicina intensiva
SCOPUS

Editorial Descontaminación: un tratamiento sin


indicaciones
Diagnóstico precoz del fracaso renal agudo E. Palencia Herrejón y P. Rico Cepeda
M. Rodríguez López y A. Roglan Piqueras 334
291
Revisión
Originales
www.fepimcti.org Hemofiltración de alto volumen en shock
Concordancia en pacientes críticos entre las séptico
ecuaciones diseñadas para la estimación C.M. Romero, P. Downey y G. Hernández
del filtrado glomerular y el aclaramiento de 345
creatinina en orina de 24h
G. Seller-Pérez, M.E. Herrera-Gutiérrez, Nota clínica
E. Banderas-Bravo, R. Olalla-Sánchez,
www.semicyuc.org R. Lozano-Sáez y G. Quesada-García Hiperinfección por Strongyloides stercoralis
294 J. Llagunes, E. Mateo, J.J. Peña, P. Carmona y
J. de Andrés
Sincronía auriculo-ventricular en pacientes 353
portadores de marcapasos con estimulación
VDD. Estudio descriptivo de un periodo de Cartas al Director
14 años
A. Canabal Berlanga, M. Sánchez Casado, Administración accidental de dosis tóxicas
J.M. Díaz Borrego, A. Raigal Caño y de adrenalina intravenosa a un lactante de
P. Sánchez Rodríguez 5 meses
303 M.S. Holanda Peña, J.L. Teja Barbero,
J. Velasco Montes y M. López Sánchez
Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo, 357
durante la pandemia de Influenza A H1N1
2009 en Ecuador Diagnóstico tardío de un caso de porfiria
G. Paredes y C. Cevallos aguda intermitente en una unidad de
310 cuidados intensivos
A.J. Betbesé, L. Zapata, C. Martínez-Brú y
Puesta al día: El enfermo crítico con C. Herrero
infección grave 358
Neumonía asociada a la ventilación Muerte encefálica aparente tras sobredosis
mecánica de baclofén
E. Diaz, L. Lorente, J. Valles y J. Rello R. Salas De Zayas, F. San José Pacheco,
318 C. Dolera Moreno y L. Zoila Peiró
359
Debates en Medicina Intensiva:

www.medintensiva.org
Empleo de Descontaminación Imágenes en Medicina Intensiva
Digestiva Selectiva
Embolia aérea pulmonar como complicación
Pro descontaminación selectiva de punción venosa central
M. Sánchez García J. Bayón, M. Martín e I. Lozano
325 360

Actividad acreditada
en base a la encomienda de gestión concedida por los Ministerios
de Educación, Cultura y Deporte y de Sanidad y Consumo
ciales de Médicos con
2,1 créditos equivalentes a 10 horas lectivas. COMISIÓN
DE FORMACIÓN
www.elsevier.es/medintensiva www.formacion.elsevier.es/medicinaintensiva CONTINUADA DEL SNS

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Fisiopatología del shock séptico

Luis Chiscano-Camóna,b,c, Erika Plata-Menchacaa,b, Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rodrígueza,b,c


y Ricard Ferrera,b,c,*

a
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, España
b
Grupo de Investigación Sepsis Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation (SODIR), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR),
Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, España
c
Departament de Medicina. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Barcelona. España

PALABRAS CLAVE Resumen La sepsis y el shockVpSWLFRVRQHOUHVXOWDGRGHXQDUHVSXHVWDLQDGHFXDGDGHOKXpVSHG


Sepsis; DXQDLQIHFFLyQORTXHSURGXFHGLVIXQFLyQRUJiQLFD/DSURJUHVLyQGHHVWDDIHFFLyQVHPDQLÀHVWD
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KEYWORDS Pathophysiology of septic shock


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https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.medin.2022.03.017

0210-5691/ © 2022 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC. Todos los derechos reservados.
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ODFRDJXODFLyQSRUPHGLRGHODXPHQWRGHODVtQWHVLV\
OLEHUDFLyQGHOIDFWRUWLVXODUDXPHQWDODÀEULQROLVLVPHGLDQWH
HODXPHQWRGHODVtQWHVLVGHW3$HVWLPXODODVtQWHVLVGH,/
,/H,/$&7+\SURVWDJODQGLQDV$XPHQWDOD
JOXFRJHQROLVLV(VWLPXODODDQJLRJpQHVLVODOLEHUDFLyQ
GHFRODJHQDVDV\ODPXOWLSOLFDFLyQGHÀEUREODVWRV
71)ş 3URLQÁDPDWRULD /LQIRFLWRV7FLWRWy[LFRV &DXVDFLWROLVLVDSRSWRVLVQHFURVLVGHFpOXODVWXPRUDOHV
DFWLYDGRV&'OLQIRFLWRV ,QGXFHODH[SUHVLyQGH$JGHKLVWRFRPSDWLELOLGDGFODVH,
7K&'OLQIRFLWRV% VREUHODPHPEUDQDGHFpOXODVHSLWHOLDOHV\GHPROpFXODV
\DVWURFLWRV GHDGKHVLyQVREUHODPHPEUDQDGHOLQIRFLWRVIDFWRU
HVWLPXODGRUGHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHOLQIRFLWRV%DFWLYDGRV
DFWLYDFLyQGH301\GHRVWHRFODVWRVDFWLYLGDGDQWLYLUDO
$GUHQRPHGXOLQD +RUPRQD &RGLÀFDGDSRUHOJHQ ,GHQWLÀFDGDLQLFLDOPHQWHFRPRXQYDVRGLODWDGRURWURV
péptida ADM.(O$'0 HIHFWRVGHO$'0VRQODHVWLPXODFLyQGHOFUHFLPLHQWRGH
de efecto es un péptidoTXH nuevos YDVRVVDQJXtQHRV (DQJLRJpQHVLV \HODXPHQWRGH
YDVRGLODWDGRU VHHQFXHQWUDHQWRGRV ODWROHUDQFLDGHODVFpOXODVDOHVWUpVR[LGDWLYR\HOGDxR
ORVWHMLGRV\HQOD KLSy[LFR
FLUFXODFLyQVLVWpPLFD
%UDGLFLQLQD 9DVRGLODWDGRU La actividad del VLVWHPD /DEUDGLFLQLQDFDXVDYDVRGLODWDFLyQSRUPHGLRGHOD
FDOLFUHtQDFLQLQDSURGXFH VHFUHFLyQGHSURVWDFLFOLQDVy[LGRQtWULFR\HOIDFWRU
EUDGLFLQLQDSRU KLSHUSRODUL]DQWHGHULYDGRGHOHQGRWHOLR/DEUDGLFLQLQD
GHVGREODPLHQWR es un potente YDVRGLODWDGRU dependiente del endotelioTXH
SURWHROtWLFR de su SURYRFDODFRQWUDFFLyQGHOP~VFXOROLVRQRYDVFXODUDXPHQWD
SUHFXUVRUFLQLQyJHQR la SHUPHDELOLGDGYDVFXODU\WDPELpQHVWiUHODFLRQDGRFRQ
FLQLQyJHQRGHHOHYDGR HOPHFDQLVPRGHOGRORU(QFLHUWRVDVSHFWRVDFW~DGHPDQHUD
SHVRPROHFXODU &(30  VLPLODUDODKLVWDPLQD\DOLJXDOTXHHVWDVHVHFUHWD
PHGLDQWHODHQ]LPD de la en las vénulas y no en las DUWHULRODV
FLQLQRJHQDVD
Medicina Intensiva 46S1 (2022):1-13 5

Tabla 1 3ULQFLSDOHVPHGLDGRUHVLQÁDPDWRULRVHQODVHSVLV(cont.)
Ð[LGRQtWULFR 9DVRGLODWDGRU (QGRWHOLRYDVFXODU6H (O12DOLQKLELUODDGKHVLyQSODTXHWDULDDOHQGRWHOLR
FRDJXORSDWtD VLQWHWL]DDSDUWLUGHO YDVFXODUGDxDGRFRQWULEX\HDHYLWDUHOSDVRLQLFLDOTXHOOHYD
QLWUyJHQRGHODJXDQLGLQD DODDFWLYDFLyQ\FRQHOORODDJUHJDFLyQROLEHUDFLyQ
WHUPLQDOGHODPLQRiFLGR SODTXHWDULD8QDSURGXFFLyQH[FHVLYDGH12FDXVDOD
/DUJLQLQDSRUODDFFLyQ UHODMDFLyQGHODVDUWHULDV\XQDSUHVLyQVDQJXtQHD
GHXQD12VLQWHWDVD H[FHVLYDPHQWHEDMD
12V SURGXFLHQGR12
\/FLWUXOLQD
3URVWDJODQGLQDV 'LYHUVR 6HVLQWHWL]DQDSDUWLU /DVSURVWDJODQGLQDVWLHQHQHIHFWRHQODUHVLVWHQFLDYDVFXODU
HQIXQFLyQ GHORViFLGRVJUDVRV FRUWLFDOUHQDOSURGXFHXQDXPHQWRGHOÁXMRVDQJXtQHR
de tipos de HVHQFLDOHVSRUODDFFLyQ FRUWLFDOUHQDOHOFRQVLJXLHQWHDXPHQWRGHOYROXPHQ
SURVWDJODQGLQDV GHGLIHUHQWHVHQ]LPDV LQWUDFHOXODU\GLVPLQXFLyQGHODUHVLVWHQFLDSHULIpULFD
SURVWDFLFOLQD,2 FRPRFLFORR[LJHQDVDV 'HHVWDPDQHUDMXQWRFRQODKRUPRQD $'+ y la DOGRVWHURQD
3*,2  OLSRR[LJHQDVDVHO UHJXODQYtDKRUPRQDOODSUHVLyQDUWHULDO,QWHUYLHQHQ
SURVWDJODQGLQD FLWRFURPR3 HQODUHVSXHVWDLQÁDPDWRULDYDVRGLODWDFLyQDXPHQWR
E2 3*(2) y SHUR[LGDVDVHWF GHODSHUPHDELOLGDGGHORVWHMLGRVTXHIDFLOLWDHOSDVR
SURVWDJODQGLQD de los leucocitosDQWLDJUHJDQWHSODTXHWDULRHVWtPXORGH
)Ş 3*)Ş) ODVWHUPLQDFLRQHVQHUYLRVDVGHOGRORUHWF
Endotoxina o 3URLQÁDPDWRULR 'LYHUVRVFRPSRQHQWHVGH (OLQGXFWRUGHODUHVSXHVWDLQÁDPDWRULDPHMRUFRQRFLGR
OLSRSROLVDFiULGR ODSDUHGGHODVEDFWHULDV HVODHQGRWR[LQDROLSRSROLVDFiULGR /36 GHODVEDFWHULDV
/36 *UDPSRVLWLYDV *UDPQHJDWLYDV/DDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGH/36HQ
SHSWLGRJOXFDQRV H[SHULPHQWDFLyQDQLPDOHLQGLYLGXRVVDQRVUHSURGXFHOD
PXUDPLOGLSpSWLFRV PD\RUSDUWHGHODVDOWHUDFLRQHVKHPRGLQiPLFDVGHOshock
iFLGROLSRWHLFRLFR  VpSWLFR\ODGLVIXQFLyQPXOWLRUJiQLFD(QHOVLVWHPD
H[RWR[LQDV H[RWR[LQD$ FDUGLRYDVFXODULQFUHPHQWDODIUHFXHQFLDFDUGLDFD\HOtQGLFH
de Pseudomonas FDUGLDFR\GLVPLQX\HODVUHVLVWHQFLDVYDVFXODUHVVLVWpPLFDV
aeruginosa7667 KDVWDODKLSRWHQVLyQ$QLYHOPLFURYDVFXODUODHQGRWR[LQD
GHOVtQGURPHGHshock DFWLYDODFRDJXODFLyQ\ORVVLVWHPDVGHFRQWDFWR
Wy[LFRHVWDÀORFyFLFR GHOFRPSOHPHQWR\ÀEULQROtWLFR$FW~DHQHOHQGRWHOLR
WR[LQDHULWURJpQLFDGHO LQKLELHQGRODDFFLyQGHDQWLFRDJXODQWHVHQGyJHQRV
HVWUHSWRFRFRJUXSR$  SURGXFLHQGRUDGLFDOHVOLEUHVHLQFUHPHQWDQGRODSURGXFFLyQ
\DQWtJHQRVULFNHWWVLDOHV GH12$GHPiVDFWLYDORVPDFUyIDJRVLQGXFLHQGRODVtQWHVLV
YtULFRV\I~QJLFRV GHFLWRFLQDV\ORVQHXWUyÀORVFDXVDQGROHVLyQHQGRWHOLDO
OLSRDUDELQRPDQDQR  PHGLDQWHODSURGXFFLyQGHDQLRQHVVXSHUy[LGR\HQ]LPDV
SXHGHQGHVHQFDGHQDU SURWHROtWLFDV
ODUHVSXHVWDLQÁDPDWRULD

PDGRTXHLQPRYLOL]DQDOSDWyJHQR\HVWLPXODQRWUDVVXV- FXDOLWDWLYDVHQODV&3$ORVOLQIRFLWRV%\7ODVFpOXODV1. y
WDQFLDVLQÁDPDWRULDV(VWRVSURFHVRVFRQOOHYDQODDFWLYDFLyQ ORVQHXWUyÀORV7DPELpQGHVFULEHQDOWHUDFLRQHVHQODSUR-
GHODFDVFDGDGHODFRDJXODFLyQ18 (ÀJXUD 'HKHFKRORV SRUFLyQGHODVFpOXODV7UHJXODGRUDVHOLQFUHPHQWRHQOD
SDFLHQWHVVpSWLFRVFRQXQDHYROXFLyQFOtQLFDGHVIDYRUDEOH H[SUHVLyQGHODSURWHtQDprogrammed cell death protein-1
SUHVHQWDQXQDXPHQWRGHODVUHGHVGHQHXWUyÀORWLVXODU19 3' KLSRJDPPDJOREXOLQHPLDKLSHUFLWRFLQHPLDGLVIXQ-
(OVLVWHPDGHOFRPSOHPHQWRWDPELpQHVWiLPSOLFDGRHQOD FLyQGHOVLVWHPDGHFRPSOHPHQWR\HOLPSRUWDQWHSDSHOGH
ÀVLRSDWRORJtDGHODVHSVLV7DQWRODIUDFFLyQD &D FRPR ODVUHGHVH[WUDFHOXODUHVGHQHXWUyÀORHQHOGHVDUUROORGHOD
VXUHFHSWRU &D5 VRQDFWRUHVUHOHYDQWHV7UDVODXQLyQFRQ LQIHFFLyQ24/RVDXWRUHVSURSRQHQTXHVXHVWXGLRFRQGX]FDD
ORVQHXWUyÀORVHVWHHOHPHQWRGHOVLVWHPDGHFRPSOHPHQWR XQWUDWDPLHQWRSHUVRQDOL]DGR(VWH~OWLPRDVSHFWRQRVH
SHQHWUDHQODFpOXODGRQGH3$03\'$03LQGXFHQODUHG WUDWDHQHVWDUHYLVLyQ
QHXWURItOLFDTXHJHQHUDGDxRR[LGDWLYR\FRDJXORSDWtDFD-
UDFWHUL]DGDSRUXQHVWDGRSURWURPEyWLFR\EORTXHRÀEULQROt-
tico208QDDFWLYDFLyQH[FHVLYDGH&DFDXVDDSRSWRVLVGHORV Endotelio y coagulopatía en la sepsis
OLQIRFLWRV\GLVIXQFLyQGHORVQHXWUyÀORV21
([LVWHXQDKHWHURJHQHLGDGRYDULDELOLGDGLQWHULQGLYLGXDO /DDFWLYDFLyQGHODFDVFDGDGHODFRDJXODFLyQHQHOSDFLHQWH
FRQVLGHUDEOHHQODUHVSXHVWDLQÁDPDWRULDGHVFULWDTXHVH VpSWLFRVHUHFRQRFHFRPRSDUWHGHXQDUHVSXHVWDLQPXQLWD-
PRGXODSRUYDULRVIDFWRUHVFRPRODKLSRJDPPDJOREXOLQH- ULDDGDSWDWLYDGHOKXpVSHGDODLQIHFFLyQ256LQHPEDUJROD
PLD22ORTXHPRWLYDGLÀFXOWDGHVHQHOGLDJQyVWLFR\HOWUDWD- FRDJXODFLyQLQWUDYDVFXODUGLVHPLQDGD &,' TXHSXHGHDSD-
PLHQWR 23  %HUPHMR0DUWLQ HW DO KDQ GHVFULWR KDVWD UHFHUHQSDFLHQWHVFRQVHSVLVHVHOUHVXOWDGRGHXQDDFWLYD-
LQPXQRIHQRWLSRVGLVWLQWRVDVRFLDGRVFRQODLQPXQRVXSUH- FLyQGHVPHGLGD\GHOHWpUHDGHODFRDJXODFLyQ266HWUDWDXQ
VLyQ\HOGHVHTXLOLEULRLQPXQROyJLFRHQODVHSVLV/RVIHQRWL- VtQGURPHDGTXLULGRFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUDFWLYDFLyQGHORVIDF-
SRVTXHGHVFULEHQVRQODVDOWHUDFLRQHVFXDQWLWDWLYDV\ WRUHVGHODFRDJXODFLyQRULJLQDGRVDUDt]GHXQGDxRHQHO
 /&KLVFDQR(3ODWD0HQFKDFD-&5XL]5RGUtJXH]HWDO

Figura 2 )LVLRSDWRORJtDGHODVHSVLV/DXQLyQGH3$03\'$03DODV&3$LQGXFHXQDDFWLYDFLyQGHHOHPHQWRVLQÁDPDWRULRVTXH
FRQOOHYDODSURGXFFLyQGHFLWRFLQDVODDFWLYDFLyQGHQHXWUyÀORVODDFWLYDFLyQGHOVLVWHPDGHOFRPSOHPHQWR\GHODFDVFDGDGH
FRDJXODFLyQ\FDXVDUiGLVIXQFLyQRUJiQLFDHQFDVRGHXQDUHVSXHVWDGHVHTXLOLEUDGD&,'FRDJXODFLyQLQWUDYDVFXODUGLVHPLQDGD
&3$ FpOXOD SUHVHQWDGRUD GH DQWtJHQRV ,/ LQWHUOHXFLQD '$03V damage-associated molecular patterns; *&6)*0&6) IDFWRU
HVWLPXODGRU GH FRORQLDV /3% LPS-binding protein; 3$03 pathogen-derived molecular patterns; 526 HVSHFLHV UHDFWLYDV GH
R[tJHQR 71)IDFWRUQHFURVLVWXPRUDO 7/5: toll-like receptors.

OHFKRPLFURYDVFXODUTXHSXHGHOOHJDUDFDXVDUGLVIXQFLyQ WURPERÀOLDHQOD&,'34'HKHFKRVXFRQFHQWUDFLyQSODVPi-
RUJiQLFDGHSHQGLHQGRGHVXPDJQLWXG$OFDQ]DXQDJUDQ WLFDVHKDUHODFLRQDGRFRQGLVIXQFLyQRUJiQLFD\PRUWDOLGDG
YDULHGDGGHHQWLGDGHVFOtQLFDVFRQIHQyPHQRVKHPRUUiJL- en la sepsis357DPELpQKD\XQDUHJXODFLyQDODEDMDGHORV
cos en etapas iniciales28DOWHUDFLRQHVHQODVSUXHEDVGHFRD- LQKLELGRUHVGHODWURPELQD36\HOSODVPLQyJHQRHLQFUHPHQ-
JXODFLyQ R LVTXHPLD GLVWDO GH ODV H[WUHPLGDGHV SRU WRGHOLQKLELGRUGHODFWLYDGRUGHOSODVPLQyJHQRORTXHFDX-
IHQyPHQRVWURPEyWLFRV296RQORVIDFWRUHVFODYHTXHFRQ- VDXQEORTXHRÀEULQROtWLFR7DPELpQVHREVHUYDUHGXFFLyQGH
WULEX\HQHQOD&,'ODDFWLYDFLyQGHODFDVFDGDGHODFRDJX- ODVFRQFHQWUDFLRQHVSODVPiWLFDVGHSURWHtQD&SRUORTXHVH
ODFLyQODDJUHJDFLyQSODTXHWDULD\HOGDxRHQGRWHOLDO KDFRQYHUWLGRHQIDFWRUSURQyVWLFRGHPRUWDOLGDG38
/DLQKLELFLyQGHODVSURWHtQDVSURFRDJXODQWHVSRUHOHQGR-
WHOLRVHSURGXFHDWUDYpVGHORVVLVWHPDVDQWLFRDJXODQWHVÀ-
Activación de la cascada de coagulación VLROyJLFRV OD YtD GH OD SURWHtQD & HO VLVWHPD GH OD
\EORTXHRÀEULQROtWLFR DQWLWURPELQD,,,\HOLQKLELGRUGHO)7(QODVHSVLVVHSURGXFH
XQDGLVPLQXFLyQGHHVWRVLQKLELGRUHVSRUFRQVXPRUHGXF-
/DVHSVLVVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUXQHVWDGRSURWURPEyWLFRMXQWR FLyQGHVXVtQWHVLVRGHJUDGDFLyQPHGLDQWHHODVWDVDV/D
FRQEORTXHRÀEULQROtWLFR\DPERVVRQORVPHFDQLVPRVIXQ- FRQVHFXHQFLDGHHOORHVODDSDULFLyQGHXQHVWDGRSURWURP-
GDPHQWDOHVGHOD&,'+D\XQDVHULHGHPHGLDGRUHVLQÁDPD- EyWLFRFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUXQDFRDJXODFLyQDFWLYDGDHLQVXÀ-
WRULRVTXHSURPXHYHQODDFWLYDFLyQGHODWURPELQDHQODYtD FLHQFLDGHORVVLVWHPDVLQKLELGRUHVGHODFRDJXODFLyQ
FRP~QGHODFRDJXODFLyQFRPRSDUWHGHODUHVSXHVWDGHO
KXpVSHGDODLQIHFFLyQ30(OIDFWRUWLVXODU )7 SRUVXSDUWH
FRPRDFWLYDGRUGHODYtDH[WUtQVHFDVHH[SUHVDHQPDFUyID- Disfunción endotelial
JRVPRQRFLWRV\FpOXODVHQGRWHOLDOHV31/DDFFLyQFRQMXJDGD
GH3$03\'$03HVHOIDFWRUGHWHUPLQDQWHSDUDHOLQLFLRGHO (OHQGRWHOLRHVHOyUJDQRGLDQDIXQGDPHQWDOGHODVHSVLV39 y
SURFHVR$GHPiVLQWHUYLHQHQRWURVPHGLDGRUHVKXPRUDOHV VHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUVHUPHWDEyOLFDPHQWHDFWLYR\WHQHUOD
FRPR,/,/71)ŞHODVWDVDFDWHSVLQD*\HOVLVWHPDGHO FDSDFLGDGSDUDUHVSRQGHUDGLYHUVRVHVWtPXORVÀVLROyJLFRV\
FRPSOHPHQWRTXHWDPELpQVRQIDFLOLWDGRUHVGHOSURFHVR32 SDWROyJLFRV(QWUHVXVIXQFLRQHVHVWiQHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGH
,QFOXVRODVUHGHVH[WUDFHOXODUHVGHQHXWUyILORVDFWLYDGRV ODKHPRVWDVLD\ODÁXLGH]GHODVDQJUH(OHQGRWHOLRGHVHP-
WDPELpQHVWiQLPSOLFDGDV33 SHxDXQSDSHOFODYHHQODUHJXODFLyQGHODSUHVLyQDUWHULDO\
1RVHSURGXFHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHXQDDFWLYDFLyQGHODFDVFD- HVIXQGDPHQWDOHQORVPHFDQLVPRVLQÁDPDWRULRV/DVFpOX-
GDGHODFRDJXODFLyQVLQRGHORVHOHPHQWRVTXHODUHJXODQ ODVHQGRWHOLDOHVPDQWLHQHQXQGHOLFDGRHTXLOLEULRGHOWRQR
FRPRHOVLVWHPDILEULQROtWLFRTXHVHDOWHUDQ\HQWUDQHQ YDVFXODUODDGKHVLyQGHODVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDV\ODFRDJXOD-
GLVIXQFLyQ6HKDOODQYDORUHVHOHYDGRVGHOLQKLELGRUWLVXODU FLyQ3RUGLYHUVRVPHFDQLVPRVHOHQGRWHOLRHVFDSD]GH
GHSODVPLQyJHQRTXHSURGXFHQXQYLUDMHDXQHVWDGRGH FRQWURODUHOWRQRYDVRPRWRUPDQWHQHUODÁXLGH]GHODVDQ-
Medicina Intensiva 46S1 (2022):1-13 

JUHHLQWHUYHQLUHQODUHVSXHVWDLQÁDPDWRULD(QFRQGLFLRQHV WLFR ODFRODSVDELOLGDGGHODYHQDFDYDLQIHULRUHOiUHDGH


ÀVLROyJLFDVVHFDUDFWHUL]DIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHSRUVXVSUR- ORVYHQWUtFXORVL]TXLHUGR\GHUHFKRDOÀQDOGHODGLiVWROH\
SLHGDGHVDQWLWURPEyWLFDVDQWLFRDJXODQWHVSURÀEULQROtWLFDV HYDOXDFLyQGHODIXQFLyQGLDVWyOLFDGHO9,PHGLDQWHHOHVWX-
\DQWLDJUHJDQWHVSODTXHWDULDV&RPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHOD GLRGHODVRQGDV(·H·\6(VWRVMXQWRFRQSDUiPHWURVFOt-
HVWLPXODFLyQ GH YDULDV FLWRFLQDV 71)Ş ,/ \ RWURV QLFRVFRPRODIUHFXHQFLDFDUGLDFDODSUHVLyQDUWHULDO
PHGLDGRUHVLQÁDPDWRULRVFRPRHOFRPSOHPHQWRDFWLYDGR  VLVWyOLFD\GLDVWyOLFD\ODGRVLVGHFDWHFRODPLQDVSXHGHQ
HVWDVSURSLHGDGHVHQGRWHOLDOHVVHYHQSURIXQGDPHQWH GLIHUHQFLDUIHQRWLSRVFDUGLRYDVFXODUHVPDFURKHPRGLQiPL-
DOWHUDGDV\VHSURGXFHXQDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQHQGRWHOLDO cos en el shockVpSWLFRSDFLHQWHVFRQUHVXFLWDFLyQySWLPD
GHQRPLQDGD´DFWLYDFLyQGHOHQGRWHOLRµ(VWDVHFDUDFWHUL]D SDFLHQWHVFRQGLVIXQFLyQGHO9,SDFLHQWHVKLSHUFLQpWLFRV
SRUXQDVXSHUILFLHHQGRWHOLDOSURFRDJXODQWHXQEORTXHR SDFLHQWHVFRQGLVIXQFLyQGHOYHQWUtFXORGHUHFKR\SDFLHQWHV
ÀEULQROtWLFRPHGLDGRSRUOLEHUDFLyQPDVLYDGHOLQKLELGRUGHO FRQKLSRYROHPLDSHUVLWHQWH(VWDDSUR[LPDFLyQGLDJQyV-
DFWLYDGRUGHOSODVPLQyJHQRODH[SUHVLyQGHPROpFXODVGH WLFDFRQHFRFDUGLRJUDItDGHVGHHOLQLFLRGHOVRSRUWHDO
DGKHVLyQ\ODSURGXFFLyQGHPHGLDGRUHVLQIODPDWRULRV\ SDFLHQWHVpSWLFRVHKDHYDOXDGRFRPRODRSFLyQPDFURKH-
DJHQWHVYDVRDFWLYRV PRGLQiPLFDGHIXWXUR518QDGHODVOtQHDVDFWXDOHVGHLQYHV-
WLJDFLyQHVODUHVWULFFLyQGHODUHVXFLWDFLyQFRQÁXLGRVHQ
IDYRUGHOXVRSUHFR]GHFDWHFRODPLQDV52SRUORTXHODHYD-
Agregación plaquetaria OXDFLyQPHGLDQWHHVWRVIHQRWLSRVSXHGHD\XGDUHQODFDWH-
JRUL]DFLyQGHORVSDFLHQWHV\HQHVWXGLRVTXHFRQGX]FDQD
/DWURPERFLWRSHQLDHQODVHSVLVVHGHEHDGLYHUVRVIDFWRUHV XQDPHMRUDGHORVGHVHQODFHVFOtQLFRV1RVRORHOH[FHVRGH
)XQGDPHQWDOPHQWHORVPHGLDGRUHVLQÁDPDWRULRVVXSULPHQ ÁXLGRVJHQHUDUHVXOWDGRVDGYHUVRV53VLQRTXHODDGPLQLVWUD-
ODSURGXFFLyQSODTXHWDULD2WURPHFDQLVPRHVHODXPHQWR FLyQPX\SUHFR]GHYDVRFRQVWULFWRUHVQRLQGLFDGRVSXHGH
GHOFRQVXPRGHELGRDTXHODVSODTXHWDVSDUWLFLSDQHQOD FRQGXFLUDXQDKLSRSHUIXVLyQWLVXODUVHFXQGDULDDYDVRFRQV-
&,'DOVHUDFWLYDGDVSRUODWURPELQDHOVLVWHPDGHFRPSOH- WULFFLyQH[FHVLYD543RURWUDSDUWHODFRQJHVWLyQYHQRVDLQ-
PHQWR\HOIDFWRUGHYRQ:LOOHEUDQG )Y: 42 GXFHDOWHUDFLRQHVHQORVSDWURQHVGHIOXMRYHQRVRHQORV
yUJDQRVDEGRPLQDOHV\VHSXHGHHYDOXDUDSLHGHFDPDPH-
GLDQWHLPDJHQSRUHFRJUDItD'RSSOHU(VWDVDOWHUDFLRQHVVH
Alteraciones hemodinámicas macrovasculares KDQDVRFLDGRGHPDQHUDFRQVLVWHQWHFRQODGLVIXQFLyQRUJi-
y microvasculares en la sepsis y el shock QLFDFRQJHVWLYD\GHVHQODFHVFOtQLFRVDGYHUVRV55(QFRQMXQ-
séptico WRODHFRFDUGLRJUDItD\'RSSOHUGHOVLVWHPDYHQRVRSRGUtDQ
VHUGHXWLOLGDGSDUDHVWDEOHFHUXQOtPLWHDODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQ
Alteraciones macrocirculatorias en la sepsis GHÁXLGRVHQODUHDQLPDFLyQLQLFLDO\HQHWDSDVSRVWHULRUHV
GXUDQWHHOWUDWDPLHQWRKHPRGLQiPLFRGHODVHSVLV6LQHP-
$QLYHOPDFURKHPRGLQiPLFRVHKDFRQVLGHUDGRKLVWyULFD- EDUJRLQFOXVRFRQODHFRJUDItDODGLVIXQFLyQHQGRWHOLDO\HO
PHQWHTXHHOVKRFNVpSWLFRRFXUUHHQGLIHUHQWHVIDVHV(QOD DXPHQWRGHODSHUPHDELOLGDGYDVFXODUVXSRQHQXQUHWRLP-
SULPHUDIDVHKD\XQDKLSRYROHPLDFDXVDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWH SRUWDQWHGHELGRDTXHODYLGDPHGLDGHORVÁXLGRVDGPLQLV-
SRUSpUGLGDVUHODWLYDVGHYROXPHQGHELGDVDODXPHQWRGHOD WUDGRVGLVPLQX\HFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH\ODVDOWHUDFLRQHV
FDSDFLWDQFLDYHQRVD\ODGLVPLQXFLyQGHOYROXPHQHVWUHVDGR PDFURFLUFXODWRULDVYDORUDGDVSRUHFRJUDItDSRGUtDQVHUWUDQ-
TXHGHWHUPLQDHOUHWRUQRYHQRVR437DPELpQLQÁX\HQHQOD VLWRULDVGXUDQWHWRGRHOSURFHVRTXHLPSOLFDODUHDQLPDFLyQ
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