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GUIAS DE FLEXIBILIZACION
NOMBRE DEL DOCENTE: HEYDI POLO UNA EMPRESA CON PROYECCION
CERVANTES
PRE-ESCOLAR - BASICA PRIMARIA – BASICA SECUNDARIA – MEDIA VOCACIONAL
ESTUDIANTE Lic. Funcionamiento 1875 de 27 de noviembre del 2000 PERIODO: SEGUNDO
Dirección: Calle 56 No 18B – 20 Villa Katanga Tel: 3806856
PERIODO DE TIEMPO PARA RECOGER LA 28 de mayo
ASIGNATURA INGLES GUIA EN EL COLEGIO.
PERIODO DE TIEMPO EN EL CUAL EL Del 31 de Mayo al 11
GRADO 11° ESTUDIANTE DEBE HACER EN TREGA DE de Junio
LA GUIA.
FIRMA CALIFICACION
DEL
ACUDIE
NTE

PHRASAL VERBS
¿Qué son los phrasal verbs?
Son verbos compuestos que poseen un significado distinto del verbo original, ya que se forman con un verbo y un
complemento gramatical, bien sea una preposición, un adverbio o ambos.

Este tipo de verbos pueden poseer más de un significado y su uso es más común en contextos informales.

Veamos a continuación cuál es la diferencia entre las dos formas de conformar un phrasal verb:

Verbo + Adverbio
En este caso el adverbio funciona como parte dependiente del verbo. Por ejemplo:

We need to live down the past.

Debemos olvidar el pasado.
Verbo + Preposición
Esta forma se vincula más a sustantivos y pronombres:

The Adams live down this street.

Los Adams viven por esta calle.

Algunas características generales son...

Estos verbos pueden ser transitivos, es decir, que son seguidos por un objeto; o intransitivos, que no les sigue un objeto.

Su traducción al español, puede darse en solo una palabra como por ejemplo:

Sit down / Sentarse

Go away / Irse
Stand up / Levantarse
Esto sucede porque lo que se traduce es el significado general del phrasal verb y no cada uno de sus componentes, de
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ser así, la expresión en nuestro idioma no tendría sentido.
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UNA EMPRESA CON PROYECCION
PRE-ESCOLAR - BASICA PRIMARIA – BASICA SECUNDARIA – MEDIA VOCACIONAL
Lic. Funcionamiento 1875 de 27 de noviembre del 2000
Dirección: Calle 56 No 18B – 20 Villa Katanga Tel: 3806856
EXERCISE 1
THINGS WE DO EVERY DAY
THESE VERY COMMON PHRASAL VERBS ARE USED TO DESCRIBE THE TYPE OF ACTIONS THAT WE
DO EVERY DAY.
CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM OF A PHRASAL VERB FROM THE BOX TO REPLACE
THE WORDS UNDERLINE IN THE SENTENCES BELOW. PUT THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT TENSE.

work out/ get up/ turn off/ put on/ go out/ take off /wake up

1. I (1) stopped sleeping very early this morning.

2. I (2) stop sleeping and get out of bed at 7 o’clock during the week.
3. She (3) removed her jacket as she came in.
4. I (4) donned a coat and left the house.
5. He (5) left the house for a social activity with some friends.
6. She (6) does physical exercise in the local gym every day.
7. Is the computer turned on? Will you (7) stop it working by pressing a button, please?

EXERCISE 2
FOOD
THESE PHRASAL VERBS ARE ALL ABOUT FOOD. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BELOW USING THE CORRECT FORM OF A
PHRASAL VERB FROM THE BOX.

rustle up/ dish up/ tuck into/ finish off/ eat out

1. The children were all at the table waiting for me to _______________.

2. I’m afraid there isn’t any cake left - we __________ it ______.
3. Judging by the way they _______________ dinner, they must have been very hungry.
4. I can probably _______________ a meal with what’s left in the fridge.
5. There are some very good restaurants in the city centre if you like to _______________.

EXERCISE 3
TRAVELLING AND TRANSPORT
THESE COMMON PHRASAL VERBS ARE CONNECTED WITH TRAVELLING AND TRANSPORT.
COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH THE PHRASAL VERBS BELOW. PUT THEM IN THE CORRECT TENSE.

check in/ get on/ get off (2x)/ break down /take off/ turn back

John and David’s flight home from Amsterdam was at nine in the morning. They had
arranged to meet with John’s friend Mark at half past six but Mark arrived at the hotel
almost half an hour late – that, however, was just the beginning of their problems. On
the way from the hotel to the airport, their car (1) _______________ in the middle of a busy
intersection, causing a traffic jam. Then, David realized that he had left his mobile phone
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in the hotel, but it was too late for them to (2) _______________. When they arrived at the
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airport, they had just enough time to (3) _______________, go through passport control
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UNA EMPRESA CON PROYECCION
PRE-ESCOLAR - BASICA PRIMARIA – BASICA SECUNDARIA – MEDIA VOCACIONAL
Lic. Funcionamiento 1875 de 27 de noviembre del 2000
Dirección: Calle 56 No 18B – 20 Villa Katanga Tel: 3806856

and security check and (4) _______________ the plane. The plane (5) _______________ very
shortly after that and eight hours later, they landed in New York, but they couldn’t (6)
_______________ the plane because there was a problem on the runway. They felt a jet lag
and finally, forty-five minutes after landing, they (7) _______________.

PASSIVE VOICE

La voz pasiva en inglés se forma con el verbo “to be” en el tiempo verbal
correspondiente y el participio de pasado.
El participio de pasado se forma añadiendo –ed si es regular, teniendo en
cuenta las reglas de –ed, y si es irregular con la 3ª columna de los verbos.

TO BE + PARTICIPIO DE PASADO
E.g.: I write the letters (active – present simple) >
The letters are written (passive – present simple)
E.g.: I wrote the letters (active – past simple) >
The letters were written(passive, simple past)

A.- CAMBIOS DE VOZ ACTIVA A VOZ PASIVA

Cuando se pasa una oración en voz activa a voz pasiva hay una serie de
cambios a tener en cuenta:
• El sujeto de la voz activa pasa a ser el sujeto agente (by + agent)
• El objeto de la voz activa pasa a ser el sujeto de la voz pasiva
• El verbo de voz activa cambia a voz pasiva (to be + participio)
E.g.: He cooks the food
Sujeto verbo objeto
activo
E.g.: The food is cooked by him
Sujeto verbo agente
Paciente pasivo

B.- VOZ PASIVA EN PRESENT SIMPLE

SUJETO + AM, IS, ARE+ PARTICIPIO DE PASADO

E.g.: The exercises are done (by everybody)
E.g.: Thousands of books are published every year
E.g.: I’m not obliged to work overtime if I don’t want to C.- VOZ PASIVA EN PAST SIMPLE

SUJETO +WAS, WERE + PARTICIPIO DE PASADO

E.g.: The rooms were cleaned (by us)
E.g.: Rome was not built in one day
E.g.: This wallet was found in the street
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D.- LA VOZ PASIVA CON VERBOS CON DOS OBJETOS
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Algunos verbos van seguido con dos objetos, uno de persona (indirecto) y otro
de cosa (directo) NEWLOVE)
UNA EMPRESA CON PROYECCION
PRE-ESCOLAR - BASICA PRIMARIA – BASICA SECUNDARIA – MEDIA VOCACIONAL
Lic. Funcionamiento 1875 de 27 de noviembre del 2000
Dirección: Calle 56 No 18B – 20 Villa Katanga Tel: 3806856

E.g. They gave John a warm welcome

Indirecto directo
La forma más frecuente de hacer la pasiva de estos verbos es que el
complemento indirecto pase a ser el sujeto de la pasiva. Es menos frecuente que el complemento directo pase a ser el
sujeto.
E.g.: They gave John a warm welcome

A warm wecolme was given to John (infrecuente)

E.- USOS DE LA VOZ PASIVA

El uso de la pasiva en inglés es mucho más frecuente que su uso en
castellano. Esto se debe a los diferentes usos que tiene:
• Cuando el que realiza la acción, el agente, es obvio o desconocido o
poco importante.
E.g.: My house was painted
E.g.: My purse was stolen
E.g.: The letters were typed
• Cuando el énfasis se quiere poner en el objeto o la acción más que en la
persona o cosa que hace la acción.
E.g.: The room must be cleaned
E.g.: The tickets were sold
• Cuando se quiere ocultar quién realizó la acción, por ejemplo, para evitar
señalar quién es el responsable o bien por modestia.
E.g.: Our tickets were lost
E.g.: New ideas have been presented with great success.

COMPLETE WITH PASSIVE VOICE SIMPLE PRESENT

1) The police catch a lot of criminals in London.
A lot of criminals _____________________ in London.

2) The gardener waters the flowers every day.

The flowers ______________________ every day.

3) We always leave our boots by the door.

Our boots _________________ by the door.

4) You switch on the machine at the wall.

The machine _________________________ at the wall.

5) They don't rent cars there.

Cars ___________________ there.
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6) Somebody follows me home every evening.
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Every evening ____________________ home.
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UNA EMPRESA CON PROYECCION
PRE-ESCOLAR - BASICA PRIMARIA – BASICA SECUNDARIA – MEDIA VOCACIONAL
Lic. Funcionamiento 1875 de 27 de noviembre del 2000
Dirección: Calle 56 No 18B – 20 Villa Katanga Tel: 3806856

7) Do you switch the PC on first?

_______________________ first?

8) Some person leaves the lights on all night.

The lights __________________ all night.

9) We usually leave a saucer of milk for the cat.

A saucer of milk ________________ for the cat.

10) People see foxes in their gardens at night.

Foxes _____________________ in people's gardens at night.

COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.

USE THE PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE.

Life in the 19th century in Britain

1. Lamps and candles ............................... for light, because there was no electricity. (use)

2. A coach instead of a car ................................. to move from place to place. (buy)

3. By the 1860's bicycles ................................. along with horses. (ride)

4. A simple small house ...................................... by a poor family. (build)

5. Luxurious palaces .................................... by wealthy aristocratic families. (own)

6. Top hats and suits with tails ................................. by men in cities. (wear)

7. A dress ........................................ to hide woman's legs. (design)

8. Girls from well-off families ........................................ at home. (educate)

9. Boys from rich families ........................................ to public schools. (sent)

10. A child from a poor family ........................................ to work. (force)

PAST CONTINUOUS VS PAST SIMPLE

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Past Simple y Past Continuous expresan ambos acciones del pasado. Past Simple es la forma narrativa del pasado que
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relata acciones sucesivas finalizadas. Past Continuous permite expresar lo que estaba ocurriendo de manera
circunstancial en un momento determinado del pasado, NEWLOVE)
poniendo de relieve la continuidad o la duración de esa acción
en este marco temporal. UNA EMPRESA CON PROYECCION
PRE-ESCOLAR - BASICA PRIMARIA – BASICA SECUNDARIA – MEDIA VOCACIONAL
Lic. Funcionamiento 1875 de 27 de noviembre del 2000
Dirección: Calle 56 No 18B – 20 Villa Katanga Tel: 3806856

Uso
Esta tabla compara el uso del past simple y past continuous en inglés.

El pasado continuo (past continuous) expresa la duración de una acción pasada y no indica si está terminada,
mientras que el pasado simple (past simple) se refiere a una acción puntual que empezó y acabó en el pasado. I worked
last Saturday. Trabajé el sábado pasado. It was snowing at half past four yesterday.

Past Simple permite narrar lo que ha ocurrido en el pasado de forma secuencial. Past Perfect Simple, por su parte, se
adentra más en el pasado, tomando como referencia un momento determinado para describir una acción anterior a
este momento.

ejemplos:

-Tim was cooking when his wife got home. (Tim estaba cocinando cuando su esposa llegó a casa)

-What were you going when the accident happened? (¿Qué estabas haciendo cuando el accidente ocurrió?)

-They weren’t doing anything when I called them. (Ellos no estaban haciendo nada cuando los llamé)

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE PAST SIMPLE OR THE PAST CONTINUOUS FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.

1 I ________________(switch off ) the computer because it ________________ (make) a strange noise.

2 My dad ______________________ (listen) to classical music when I ________________ (arrive) home from school.
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3 We ______________________ (play) video games when my mum ,(say) _____________‘Turn the volume down!’
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4 My cousin ________________ (meet) his wife, Bianca, while he ________________ (live) in Italy.
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5 My little sister ______________________ (draw) a picture while I __________________ (study) for my French exam.
Lic. Funcionamiento 1875 de 27 de noviembre del 2000
Dirección: Calle 56 No 18B – 20 Villa Katanga Tel: 3806856

6 While they ____________________ (try) to fix the computer, all the lights _____________________ (go out).

7 When we ____________________ (leave) school yesterday, it __________________ (pour) with rain.

8 When you__________________ (see) Paul, he____________________ (wear) a black jacket?

9 I______________________ (try) to log on when the WiFi __________________ (stop) working.

10 While Dad ____________________ (print) an article, the printer ___________________ (run out) of paper.

COMPLETE THE STORY WITH THE CORRECT PAST TENSE FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.

Sometimes I hate computers! Once, when I 1_____________________ (try) to do my English homework on my laptop,
the battery 2 _____________________ (run out). I 3 _______________________ (lie) on my bed and I was listening to
music on Spotify. It helps me to concentrate. I 4_______________________ also (chat) to my friend Daniel on Facebook.
OK, so I 5 _______________________ (not concentrate) very hard on my homework and I 6_______________________
(forget) to plug in my laptop!I didn’t notice that the battery was getting low. I was just finishing the essay when the
screen 7 ___________________ (go) black. I 8 ___________________(lose) everything. I 9 ________________ (scream)
in frustration. My dad 10 _____________________(come) running into my bedroom. I 11 almost _______________(cry)
so he 12 ___________________ (give) me his laptop. I 13 ________________ (try) to remember everything in my essay
– it 14 __________________________(be) quite difficult especially because Daniel was sending me lots of funny videos.
Anyway, while I was watching one, the WiFi stopped working. In the end it was probably better because I 15
________________(manage) to finish the essay.