zurab kiknaZe

`JuarTenis" SeswavlisaTvis
aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis, gansakuTrebiT, xevsurTa saweso teqstebSi
karga xania SemCneulia erTi Sre leqsikisa, romelic `JvarTenad" iwodeba. mas mkac-
rad Semofargluli sfero aqvs gamoKenebisa. am leqsikas vadasturebT xucobisa da
qadagobis (naqadagarTa) teqstebSi. maTi gamoKeneba KoveldGiur metKvelebaSi, Kofa-
cxovrebaSi. gamoricxuli unda iKos, rasac Tavad termini mowmobs. es aris `ena" _ is
sitKvebi da SesitKvebani, romlebsac xucesi iKenebs Jvarisadmi mimarTvisas, aseve qada-
gi, roca is ucxadebs adamianebs Jvaris nebas.
es leqsika, romelic, rogorc iTqva, KoveldGiuri urTierTobis dros ar ixmare-
ba, sakralurobas aniyebs teqsts. es is niSania, romliTac sakraluri teqsti sadagi
teqstisagan ganirCeva. igi sruliad gansxvavebuli realobis gamomxatvelia, im sinam-
dvilisa, romelic Jvars uyiravs an Jvarisa da saKmos sazGvarze imKofeba. aq erTmane-
Tis gverdiT mezoblobs adamianuri da Jvaruli ena, rac maT erTianobas gamoxatavs,
ramdenadac es krebuli, sazogadoeba Jvaris saKmoa.
ar iqneba swori Tu `JvarTenas" saidumlo enad miviCnevT, ramdenadac is Kvelasa-
Tvis misawvdomia da gasagebi, vinc ki Jvaris karze ikribeba. xucobisa da qadagobis
sitKvebi Kvelas gasagonad da gasagebad warmoiTqmis. maTi mizani xom is aris, rom
saKmom gaigos, ras exveweba xucesi Jvars da ras acxadebs Jvari.
`JvarTenis" bundovaneba SeiZleba CaiTvalos misi `saidumlo" statusis Serbile-
bul saxed. rogorc JvarTan urTierTobaSi arsebuli distancia ar gadadis absolu-
tur gaucxoebaSi (transcendentulobaSi). aseve `JvarTenis" leqsika, romelic am dis-
tanciis erTi gamoxatulebaa, ar aris gasaidumloebuli, moklebulia ezoTerulobas,
Kovel SemTxvevaSi, es asea misi fiqsirebis xanisaTvis...
saweso teqstebis es leqsikuri fondi (JerJerobiT mikvleuli assamocamde si-
tKva)1 naklebad aris Seswavlili. ar Catarebula analizis pirveli etapi _ klasifi-
kacia, ris Sedegadac SeiZleba pasuxi gaeces sxva kiTxvebsac _ ganisazGvros TiToeu-
li leqsikuri erTeulis adgili saerToqarTul leqsikaSi, mimarTeba dialeqtebTan,
Zvel qarTulTan, tabuirebisa Tu metaforikis principi da misi sistemis dadgena,
etimologiebi da sxva.
imedia, gamoCndeba `JvarTenis" mkvlevari, romelic Seiswavlis am movlenis Kvela
aspeqts. swored am molodiniT vaqveKnebT dGesdGeobiT Cvens xelT arsebul fonds
`JvarTenisa", didi nawili amokrefilia
T. oCiauris wignidan `qarTvelTa uZvelesi sarwmunoebis istoriidan~ (Tb., 1954) da
al. oCiauris saarqivo masalidan, nawili velze muSaobis dros aris Cvens mier mopo-
vebuli.
SemoTavazebuli klasifikacia `JvarTenis" leqsikisa, SesaZlebelia, ar iKos srul-
Kofili, magram, vfiqrobT, igi garkveul warmodgenas gviqmnis misi gavrcelebis sfe-
roebze.
winaswar gvsurs ramdenime sitKviT gamovTqvaT Cveni mosazreba `JvarTenaze", ro-
gorc sakralur movlenaze, romelsac uTuod unda hqondes Tavisi SesatKvisi Jvarisa
da saKmos urTierTobis sistemaSi.
vfiqrobT, `JvarTenis" arseboba ganpirobebulia sakralurisa (`kvrivis") da pro-
fanulis (`nalaxis", `rioSis") kategoriebis Zlieri qmediTobiT aGmosavleT saqarTve-
los mTianeTis, gansakuTrebiT ki, xevsureTis sazogadoebaTa (saKmoTa) religiur da
KoveldGiur KofaSi. Jvari Tavisi SeyriT Kofierebis sferoSi Tavis sakuTrebad xdis
mis calkeul monakveTebs _ sivrceSi, droSi, sagnebSi, sazogadoebaSi, adamianebSi,
adamianTa saqmianobaSi... adamianis enac erT-erTi am sferoTagania, sadac Jvari iyreba
Tavisi uflebamosilebiT.
es sferoebia: pirvel rigSi, saKmos miwa-wKali, teritoria, sadac Jvari Tavisi in-
tensiuri mKofobiT aCens `kvriv", wminda adgilebs, sadac SeGwevis ufleba Kvelas
ara aqvs.

1
pirvelad `JvarTenis" ramdenime sitKva vaja-fSavelas aqvs ganmartebuli Tavis narkvevSi `fSavelebis amaod-mo-
rwmuneobani" (TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli, IX, 1964, gv. 66). esenia: `bujierni" (cxvari), `fexmurgvalni" (Jogi cxeni-
sa), `buGaurni" (naxiri kuratebisa), `xodabuyurni" (xatis mamulebi), `Gilberni" (salude qvabebi). ganumartavia: `qo-
Cor bevrni", `fercxebulni".
 Jvari iyreba adamianTa sazogadoebaSi da masSi gamoarCevs Tavis `wamebuls" _ xu-
cess da qadags, romelzedac devs misi xeli. `JvarTenaze" eseni `xeldebulni", `mwKvde-
ulni" arian.
Jvari iyreba homogenur droSi da gamoarCevs drois gansakuTrebul monakveTebs
sadGesaswaulod.
Jvari iyreba saganTa sferoSic da isakuTrebs maT _ Jvaris `dayerili" sagnebi
Seadgenen mis `ganZs", `Tas-ganZs", `unJs", raSic misi siwminde da saidumloa (yeSmari-
teba) ganivTebuli (ix. Cveni wigni `qarTuli miTologia I, Jvari da saKmo", quTaisi,
1996).
aseve Jvari iyreba adamianis metKvelebaSi, raTa gamiJnos iq erTmaneTisagan `kvri-
vi" da `rioSi" leqsika. `JvarTena" aris Jvaris niSani adamianis metKvelebaze, es aris
misi xeli masze, raTa adamianis metKveleba, ena sxva sferoebis msgavsad misi `ƒelde-
buli" iKos.
amrigad, `JvarTena" iwereba sakralur saganTa da movlenaTa wreSi. Tu `kvriv"
dros, dGesaswauls, CavTvliT im Zlier drod, roca Jvaris sakralizmi daunJebulia
mis `kvriv" adgilze, sadac imarTeba dGesaswauli _ da es aris `jam-kari" anu erTia-
noba droisa da sivrcisa _ Tu Jvaris `ƒeldebulT" da wminda sagnebs (kerZod, Ta-
sebs) am dGesaswaulis aucilebel monawileebad miviCnevT, aseve aucilebel elemen-
tad unda CavTvaloT `JvarTenac", romelsac flobs Jvaris `ƒeldebuli" da uromli-
sodac Jvaris karze mxolod `rioS" (profanul) metKvelebas moismens mlocveli.
am sistemaSi, romlis mTavari GerZi, Suaguli, saKmos JvarTan urTierTobaSia,
`JvarTenis", Tundac mwiri leqsika, romliTac mooyvilia xucesisa da qadagis metKve-
leba, sruliad bunebrivad iyers kuTvnil adgils.

`JvarTenis" leqsika
I

adamiani
axalwuli _ axalSobili vaji
bedi _ vaji (Svilad mxolod vaji iTvleba, uvajo adamiani ubedoa)
berƒundi _ moxuci kaci. berƒeni: `Jiƒvsa Tof davkar berƒensa..."
bijiona _ xatis Kma _ dedri, `Tmiani", naxuri: bij _ `Tma" (T. oCiauri) Sdr.
homerosis poemebSi epiTeti ``Tmiani".
buJiri _ Jvaris dasturi (igive muJiri). `xvarblis mne" (saba). arab. muØaJJir `me-
patrone", `moiJare".
mode _ da
deda-mzdeli _ deda
vercxlis Gili _ vaji JvarisTvis (xevsureTSi)
vercxlis burTvi _ vaji, mamaci
Targmani _ qadagi. Sdr. Zveli qarTuli mniSvneloba: `ganmmartebeli" (igulisxme-
ba: Jvaris nebis)
mama-mgebri _ mama, mgebri is axlo naTesavia, romelic saiqioSi axladmisuls ege-
beba.
mama-mzirduli _ mama
meene _ qadagi (igulisxmeba Jvaris meene, misi sitKvebis gadmomcemi da amxsneli)
meyeSmarite _ xucesi. miuTiTebs xucesis maGal statusze.
mjere TeTreulT _ meganZuri, Jvaris ganZis mcveli (ix. IV TeTreuli).
monagoni _ Svilebi, STamomavloba.
moZale _ Jvaris miwa-wKalis xelmKofeli.
moJalafe _ meuGle (qmari).
mKefari _ qadagi.
mwese-mrige _ xucesi, miuTiTebs xucesis funqciaze.
mwKvdeuli _ Jvaris dayerili.
oqros Gili _ vaji JvarisTvis (fSavSi). ase ixseniebs Jvari Tavis Kmas, rogorc
Tavis kalTaze mikerebuls.
saboloo _ Svilebi, SvilTaSvilebi.
suliwminda _ micvalebuli. Tumca micvalebuli uwmindurad iTvleba.
ususuri _ micvalebuli.
 uGeldebuli _ Jvarisadmi valdebuli. igulisxmeba samsaxuris uGeli.
fercxebulni _ aratradiciuli, miuGebeli Kofa-qcevis dedrovani, saxeze feru-
marilcxebulni (qoCrianis dedruli SesatKvisi).
qandara _ qadagi (`qandarai, Jvari sadac Tokvs gaaboms~)
qer-oqroT damkazmavi _ Jvaris diasaxlisi. `qer-oqroT~ (ix. IV-Si) aq ganzogade-
buli mniSvneloba aqvs.
qoCrianni _ bareli, naswavli xalxi, rusi (Sdr. bijiona). vajas dadasturebuli
aqvs qoCor bevrni, magram ar ganmartavs.
civi _ micvalebuli.
wamebuli _ morwmune, Jvaris kaci.
wuli _ vaji.
wKruliani _ dayrili (wKluliani).
yeSmariti _ xucesi (liqokeli sulis xucesis ZaGlika xaxikauris ganmartebiT).
ƒeldebuli _ Jvaris msaxuri, igive ƒelosani. ƒel-dasxmuli, xeldadebuli.
ƒorcieli _ adamiani.
II
adamianis organoebi, unarebi
enamalikaoba _ laparaki.
malika _ ena, malikaoba _ laparaki (naxuri nasesxoba)
manana _ cremlebi.
muyani _ xelebi.
pirisqari _ saubari, an: xucoba (bacaligobaSi).
sagogavni _ fexebi (Sdr. vajas `gamogogdi...").
saocari _ sizmari, Cveneba, Sdr. Zv. qarT. `saucari~ _ moCvenebiTi, arayeSmariti
(i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, 1973).
saxedvisni _ Tvalebi.
Jigvi _ ceri, goJi.
III
adamianis qoneba
eSmakis naorTqli _ araKi.
iamani _ civi iaraGi (iemenuri nawrTobi foladi).
iaman-maƒvili _ xmali, xanJali.
muya-maƒvili _ xelSi dayerili maxvili.
sazdumali _ logini.
sasagnavi _ Tofi. sa-sagn-av _ `saganSi" anu `mizanSi" msroleli.
saquxari _ Tofi.
unJi _ spilenZi.
Gil-qamarni _ qalis samkaulebi.
Kudro _ saxli. Sdr. megr-lazuri ‡ude (saxli). gavixsenoT guramiSvilis `mzis
Kudro".
Kudro-kari _ saxli (saxl-kari).
IV
JvarTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi da realiebi
alvani _ Jvaris tKe. `alva" andrezuli xe, romlidanac mironi wveTavs. ix. xma-
las cixisa da alvisxis andrezi.
alvistani _ droSa. Tu `almis-tani"? albaT mainc `alvistani", Tu droSis sak-
ralurobas gaviTvaliswinebT.
banJaKuri _ zari.
boraKi _ droSa (bavraKi).
boraK-alvistani _ droSa.
buƒreuli _ Jvaris dayerili miwa-wKali, gaoxrebuli, mitovebuli, xeremis (ebr.)
kategoriaSi mKofi adgili.
gadasxvaveba _ Jvaris moqmedeba (mimarTvaSi Jvarisadmi: `dev-kerpT gadamsxvaveb-
olo~): niris Secvla, gardaqmna an sxva adgilze gagdeba (an sxvaze gadatana).
vardis dGeoba _ aTengenoba.
 zar-sarekebi _ zarebi.
zedaSe Gvino, ludi (wminda sasmeli).
TeTreuli _ vercxli. qarTlSi `TeTreuli" rZis nawarms (wvelas, Kveleurs)
niSnavs.
kamala _ sasanTle, sanTlebis rigi.
kar-kamala _ Jvaris adgili.
kod-badagni _ ludi.
morige (GmerTi) _ mama-GmerTi, qveKnierebis gamrige.
mxvivani _ zari.
pativi _ ludiani Tasi. cariel Tasze upiratesobis gamo ludian Tass miawode-
ben pativis niSnad.
puris deda _ beGeli. Sdr. beTlemi _ beT lexem (ebr.) `saxli purisa".
sadidebeli _ sasmeli, radgan sasmeliT idideba Jvari sufraze dGeobaSi.
salaGobelni _ JvarSi misatani namcxvrebi.
sanTel-TeTreuli _ sanTeli SesawiraviTurT.
sefe _ `sasanTle qadiskveri", `mosanTebi puri".
sefeskveri _ igive; mTavari kveri (sefiskveri).
suldgmuli _ saklavi.
tanT sakadrisei _ droSaze Camobmuli tiloebi (ZiriTadad baGdadebi).
tKe-lerwami _ tKe, Jvaris xe.
uGeli _ valdebuleba Jvarisadmi.
uGuri _ Zala, SeZleba, madli.
feruglelni _ (`fergauxunarni") Jvaris fiyvebi, maradmwvane.
feƒis nali _ wminda adgilis (kvrivis) dalaxva.
qer-oqroni _ Jvaris KanebSi mosuli marcvali.
Gil-berni _ `salude qvabebi" (vajas ganmarteba).
Gil-boraKni _ vercxlis nivTebi saflavis kiserze.
StogrZeli _ Jvaris tKe.
wvrileulni _ Jvaris dobilni.
yiqa-barzimi _ Tasi, JvarSi samsaxurebeli.
xemxvivani _ Jvaris xeebi.
xodabuyurni _ Jvaris Kanebi, `xatis mamulebi" (vajas ganmarteba). sitKvidan `xo-
dabuni".

V
pirutKvi
bubuna _ xari xmianobis gamo. `rqiT miwasa vCxver, vbubuneb" (vaja).
bujierni _ saqoneli, xar-Zroxa. vajas ganmartebiT `cxvari".
buGauri _ xari (daukodavi).
kikinmaGali _ Txa.
matKieri _ cxvari.
macxovari _ cxvari.
mbGavani _ Tikani.
mucliTmqanavi _ gveli.
muyaTsanaTli _ saklavi.
mKefavi _ ZaGli.
mwkavani/mtkavani _ kata.
pirisabani _ sanaTlavi saklavi (Cveulebriv: cxvari).
rema _ kvici.
remani _ cxenebi.
rqamaGali _ Txa.
rqaJangiani _ verZi.
samsaxuri _ samsxverplo saklavi, riTac Jvars emsaxureba Kma, rasac JvarisTvis
amsaxurebs.
feƒmurgvali _ cxeni.
qoCorbevrni _ cxvrebi.
Gil-boraKi _ vercxlis nivTebi, saklavis kiserze Sebmuli.
 Girebuli _ erTi wlis pirutKvi, `welgamavlili", romelzec Sromaa gaweuli,
romelic patrons uGirs anu Girs JvarisTvis Sesawiravad.
ƒar-mareSi/maniSi/maneji _ dakodili saqoneli.

VI
buneba, bunebis movlenebi
balinJi _ safrTxe, xifaTi, avi ram SemTxveva (mTiulurSi: `dabalinJebuli~).
begari _ sikvdili, rogorc sasJeli, Sdr. `xTis vali".
borkili _ dabrkoleba (`balinJi dØ birkoli~).
bneli _ Game.
bortvi _ miwa, niadagi.
dabegvra _ sikvdilianoba (`ƒorcielT dabegvra~), amowKveta.
manana _ avdari (vnebis manana mieciTo), agreTve `cremli" (ix. zemoT I).
mananani _ cvari.
maSxana _ cecxli (`maSxala").
mebalinJe _ mavnebeli angelozi.
mzeqali _ mze
mzeqalis SeJdoma maSiaze _ gvalvis dadgoma.
mzeqalis SeJdoma maGalze _ gvalvis dadgoma.
miwa-Tixa _ miwa, mamuli.
miwa-mKari _ dedamiwa, miwa.
mwvanili _ weliwadi.
mwvanilT amodena _ gazafxuli. Cans, weliwadis dasawKisad gazafxuli igulveba.
oqros sacris dafareba Tvalebze _ dabrmaveba.
rioSi _ profanuli, sadagi (zogJer uwminduri) adgili.
sen-samsalani _ Jvaris dobilni (romlebic sens avrceleben xalxSi, saKmoSi).
simuri _ mdinare, wKali. am saxelwodebis mdinare arsebobs daGestanSi.
udGeo dGe _ arasaxato dGe, sadagi dGe. agebulia iseve, rogorc `ujamo jami",
`udroo dro", `uKmo Kma", `usZlo sZali".
fifqT gadadena _ amaGlebis dadgoma.
qer-oqroT gadafantva _ gvalva, mosavlis dazroba (`mzeqal mSvenier SagviJd ma-
Galzed, gadamifanten qer-oqroni~).
qvaqasuri _ qva (moxevurSi: salesi qva).
GorGian godori _ setKva.
ca-rvali _ ca. Sdr. homerosis `brinJaos ca".
cvari _ wvima.
cvar-nami _ wvima.
cisgideli _ ca, albaT: ciskideli (ciskiduri).
ciskari _ dila, dGe.
ƒmelni _ kldeebi.
JiƒvT Tav-rqaT gadmoKoleba _ sikvdilianoba, mtris Tavdasxma (`Jiƒvis Tav-rqan
gadmamaKoln merigem GmerTm~).
xTis vali _ sneuleba, rogorc saxadi (n. mindaZe).
ximoni/ximuni _ xifaTi, vneba, sneuleba.

VII
uwmidureba
kbilsavarcxela _ eSmaki.
pirmzoriani _ devi.
mKviralni _ uwmiduri.

VIII
adgilis saxelebi
mzispiri _ ase ixseneba sofeli roSka didgoris Jvaris xucobaSi. roSka mzis
gulzea gaSlili.
 simurTgori _ sofeli buCukurTa (Cirdilis xeobaSi).
qaJaveTi _ qisteTi.
Crdili _ sofeli qmosti Jvaris xucobaSi. qmosti Crdilian mxares mdebareobs.

Z. Kiknadze

On the Study of "jvartena" (Language of Divinity)

Summary
In the highlands of eastern Georgia (namely, in Khevsureti) a special kind of vocabulary has been
evidenced in the ritual texts, and this should be studied from the standpoint of its origin, functioning,
linguistic essence, etymology, semantic, etc.
The existence of jvartena is conditoned by strong effectiveness of the category of sacred in the
religious and everyday life of the Khevsurian communities. Jvari – high patron of community – with his
penetrating into the different spheres of the reality, these are space (territory of community), time, things,
human beings, animals, human activities etc. – makes some of its parts as his own peculiar property. The
language is one of these spheres where Jvari leaves his imprint to single out a special (sacred)
vocabulary.