`odiseas~ Sinaarsi

es poemac, msgavsad `iliadisa~, 24 simRerad aris dayofili. igi 12109 heqsamet-

rul striqons Seicavs. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom amgvari saxelwodeba mas Tavad
avtorma misca, radgan nawarmoebi marTlac mTlianad erT gmirs, odisevss eZRvne-
ba. pirvelad Tavisi saxelwodebiT poemas Zv.w.a. V saukuneSi herodotosi moixse-
niebs.
`odiseaSi~ gadmocemulia troas omis damTavrebidan aTi wlis xetialis Semd-
gom odisevsis mSobliur iTakaze dabrunebis ambavi. poema ase iwyeba:

muzav, umRere mravlismxilvel vaJkacs, romelmac

troas dangrevis Semdeg bevri ixetiala,
mravali tomis qalaqsa da adaTs gaecno
da tanjvac bevri ganicada usazRvro zRvaze.
guliT ewada, exsna Tavic, TanamebrZolnic,
magram ver iqna, ver daixsna gansacdelisgan,
maT xom Tvisive ugnurebiT daRupes Tavi –
xarebi dahkles umecarTa helios RmerTis,
manac sanacvlod dRe mostaca dabrunebisa.
am ambavTagan gviTxar rame, zevsis asulo.1
(I, 1-10)

am Sesavlis Semdgom poeti gvatyobinebs, rom odisevsi imxanad nimfa kalifsos

kunZulze imyofeboda da igi ver miaRwevda samSoblos, sanam poseidoni masze gam-
wyrali iqneboda. RmerTebi, romelnic Seicodeben odisevss, isargebleben posei-
donis droebiTi wasvliT eTiopelTa qveyanaSi da Seikribebian. aTena Seaxsenebs
maT odisevsis mdgomareobas. zevsi Tavis pasuxSi ganmartavs odisevsis xangrZlivi
xetialis mizezs – mas mtrobs poseidoni misi Svilis, kiklop polifemosis dabr-
mavebis gamo. zevsi Civis saerTod adamianTa damnaSaveobaze, romelTac surT Ta-
vianTi ubedurebani RmerTebs daabralon. sinamdvileSi ki TviT isini mouweven
xolme sakuTar Tavs ubedurebas, radgan ar Seismenen RmerTebis rCevas, risi
magaliTic aris orestesis mier Surisgebis Sedegad mokluli egisTosi. rac
Seexeba odisevss, zevsi keTilganwyobas gamoxatavs mis dabrunebasTan dakavSire-
biT. aTena sTxovs zevss hermesis nimfa kalifsosTan gagzavnas, TviTon ki vinme
mokvdavi mentesis saxiT moevlineba odisevsis sasaxles, sadac ukve mravali xania
Sekrebilni arian odisevsis colis penelopes xelis maZiebeli sasiZoebi. isini
penelopes pasuxis molodinSi aCanageben odisevsis qonebas. yovelive amas aTena
igebs odisevsis Zis, telemaqosisagan. qalRmerTi urCevs mas: Sekribos meore
diliT aqaveli gmirebi da sityviT mimarTos maT, sasiZoebs ki mouwodos, rom
isini TavTavianT saxlebSi gaifanton. Tuki dedas guli gaTxovebisaken miuwevs,
igi mamiseul saxlSi dabrundes, saidanac SeuZliaT igi gaamziTvon da gaaTxovon.
TviTon telemaqosma ki gamarTos xomaldi da wavides mamis ambis gasagebad nes-
torTan da menelaosTan. Tuki gaigebs, rom mamamisi cocxalia da aris misi dabru-
nebis imedi, maSin moTminebiT daelodos kidev erTi weli. Tuki gaigebs, rom igi
aRar aris cocxalTa Soris, maSin dabrunebulma saflavi augos, deda ki gaaTxo-
vos. amis Semdeg ki imaze ifiqros, Tu rogor moklas sasiZoebi Tavis saxlSi –
eSmakobiT Tu pirdapir. aTenas uCveulo gaqroba telemaqoss agrZnobinebs, rom
mis win RvTaeba iyo. misi toni aSkarad icvleba dedis da sasiZoTa mimarT, rac
Wabukis cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan gardatexas moaswavebs (I simRera).
Semdgom dRes telemaqosi, miRebuli rCevis Sesabamisad, moiwvevs saxalxo kre-
bas da sakmaod pirdapir eubneba xalxs Tavisi mZime mdgomareobisa da gegmebis Se-

1 Targmani panteleimon beraZisa.

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saxeb. sasiZoebi, rogorc antinoosisa da evrimaqosis sityvebidan irkveva, Tavxe-
durad arian ganwyobilni. isini gabrazebulni arian imiT, rom penelope ukve di-
di xania atyuebs maT. igi moiTxovda, ar daeCqarebinaT, vidre odisevsis mamas la-
ertess sudaras ar mouqsovda. magram gairkva, rom Turme penelope dRisiT moqso-
vils RamiT arRvevda da amgvarad atyuebda sasiZoebs. Tavs gasuli sasiZoebi arad
daudeven imasac ki, rom RmerTisagan movlenili ori arwivi maTi momavali ubedu-
rebis momaswaveblad miaCnia misan haliTersess. telemaqosi Txoulobs, gamouyon
erTi xomaldi da xalxi spartasa da pilosSi wasasvlelad. mentori arcxvens iTa-
kelebs maTi umoqmedobisaTvis, xolo sasiZo leokritosi Slis krebas Tavis uki-
duresad zviadi sityviT. telemaqoss exmareba mentoris saxiT movlenili aTena.
moumzadebs mas xomalds, xalxs da sanovages mgzavrobisaTvis da RamiT malulad
gaistumrebs mamis megobrebisaken (II simRera).
pilosSi telemaqoss stumarTmoyvrulad miiRebs nestori. igi uambobs troas
omis Semdeg mravali gmiris dabrunebis ambavs, magram arafers auwyebs odisevsze.
aTena arwivis saxiT saRamoTi gauCinardeba gaocebuli stumar-maspinZlis Tval-
win. diliT nestoris Svil pisistratosTan erTad telemaqosi gaemarTeba sparta-
Si, menelaosTan, romelmac, SesaZloa, meti icodes odisevsis Sesaxeb. saRamos isi-
ni spartas miaRweven (III simRera).
menelaoss imxanad Tavisi qalisa da vaJis qorwili hqonda. igi da elene telema-
qoss uamboben odisevsis saqmeebze troaSi. meore dRes telemaqosi sTxovs menela-
oss, mamis bedze uambos. atrevsis Ze uyveba mas Tavisi dabrunebis ambavs. maT Soris
mis Sexvedras zRvis moxucTan, protevsTan, romelsac misTvis uTqvams aias oilev-
sis Zisa da agamemnonis daRupvis, agreTve odisevsis nimfa kalifsos kunZulze
yofnis Sesaxeb. spartaSi lxinia, iTakaze ki am dros sasiZoebi gegmaven, Tu rogor
moklan dabrunebuli telemaqosi. Svilis gamo Sewuxebul penelopes Tavisi dis
saxiT sizmrad moevlineba aTena da daamSvidebs. sasiZoebi ki amasobaSi Causafr-
debian telemaqoss (IV simRera).
RmerTebi kvlav ikribebian. aTena kvlav Civis odisevsis bedze. zevsi agzavnis
hermess kalifsosTan mowodebiT – daabrunos odisevsi. kalifso uxalisod xvdeba
RmerTebis davalebas da mainc damorCildeba mas. odisevsi agebs tivs dasabruneb-
lad. 18 dRis mgzavrobis Semdeg, mas SeniSnavs eTiopelTagan wamosuli poseidoni,
romlisgan movlenili saSineli Relva dauSlis odisevss tivs. mis boZs CabRauWebu-
li gmiri gamZvinvarebul zRvasTan brZolis mesame dRes sasomixdili miaRwevs fea-
kebis kunZul sqerias. Zalagamoclils napirze Rrma Zili moicavs (V simRera).
feakTa mefis asul navsikaas aTena sizmarSi Caagonebs, gaemarTos Tavis amxana-
gebTan erTad zRvis napirze tansacmlis gasarecxad. qaliSvilebis mxiaruli Ta-
maSi aRviZebs odisevss. misi damnaxveli gogoebi SeSindebian. mxolod navsikaa ga-
moecnaureba ucxos, miscems mas tansacmels da gauZRveba qalaqisaken, sadac feakTa
mefis, alkinoosis sasaxlea (VI simRera).
qalRmerT aTenasagan burusiT moculi odisevsi feakTagan SeumCnevlad miaR-
wevs sasaxles. aq igi warudgeba dedofal aretesa da mefe alkinooss sasaxleSi
gamarTuli lxinis dros. rodesac mefe lxins daamTavrebs, odisevsi, ise, rom ar
gaumxels Tavis vinaobas, uambobs maT misi ogigiis kunZulidan mZime mogzaurobis
Sesaxeb da sTxovs, daexmaron mas saxlSi dabrunebaSi. mefe aRuTqvams Semweobas (VII
simRera).
meore dRes alkinoosi stumris pativsacemad gamarTavs nadims, sadac brma aedi
demodokosi arTobs SekrebilT Tavisi simRerebiT. ewyoba sportuli Sejibreba,
sadac odisevsi Tavs gamoiCens. saRamos, rodesac demodokosi kvlav agrZelebs
simReras da xis cxenis ambiT arTobs msmenelT, odisevss TvalSi cremlebi moere-
va. amas SeniSnavs alkinoosi da sTxovs odisevss, uambobs sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb
(VIII simRera).
odisevsi amJRavnebs Tavis vinaobas. igi uyveba feakebs yovelives, rac ganicada
sqeriaze aRmoCenamde. troas dacemis Semdgom man daangria ismarosi, Tumca kiko-

43
nebma iZulebuli gaxades ukuqceuliyo. didi danakargebiT agrZelebs odisevsi
gzas da maSin, rodesac TiTqmis miaRwia samSoblo miwas, atyda saSineli qariSxa-
li. cxra dRes grZeldeboda zRvis boboqroba. meaTe dRes ki man da misma Tanameb-
rZolebma lotofagebis qveyanaSi amohyves Tavi. aq maT, vinc igema lotosis gemo,
daaviwydaT yovelive da odisevsi iZulebuli gaxda ZaliT wamoeyvana megobrebi.
Semdeg isini pirquSi kiklopebis qveyanas miaRweven. aq moimarageben sursaTs. odi-
sevsi Tavis Tormeti amxanagiT da erTi gemiT kiklopebiT dasaxlebuli kunZuli-
saken gaemarTeba, raTa Seityos, Tu vin arian isini. danarCenebs ki datovebs sxva
gemebTan erTad maT mosacdelad. odisevsi gamoqvabulSi mcxovreb kiklop poli-
femoss Tavs gaacnobs, rogorc kaci, romelsac saxelad `aravin~ hqvia. sastiki ki-
kilopi stumarTmoyvareobis nacvlad gamoqvabulis gasasvlels veeberTela lo-
diT Caxergavs. im saRamosa da meore dRes odisevsis eqvs Tanamgzavrs SeWams. odi-
sevsi Surs iZiebs. igi daaTrobs polifemoss da CaZinebuls veeberTela ketisagan
damzadebuli SanTiT amouwvavs erTaderT Tvals. gamwarebuli kiklopis yviril-
ze mosuli misi moZmeni ukanve gabrundebian, radgan polifemosma Tavis ubedure-
bis mizezad `aravin~ daasaxela. diliT odisevsi da misi gadarCenili Tanamgzav-
rebi, laertesis Zis rCeviT, qvemodan amoekrobian cxvrebs, romelTac kiklopi sa-
Zovrad uSvebda da ase daaRweven Tavs sastik polifemoss. rodesac isini ukve
zRvaSi gavlen, odisevsi motyuebul kiklops niSnismogebiT gamosZaxebs:
kiklop, Tu gkiTxos mokvTavTagan uecrad vinmem,
ase sasircxvod Tvalis Cini vin wagarTvao,
es odisevsma damivso-Tqo, cixis gamtexma,
laertis Zeman, vinc iTakis binadaria.
(IX, 502-5)
kiklopi evedreba mamamiss, poseidons, Tavs daatexos risxva odisevss (IX simRera).
eolosTan stumrobis erTi Tvis Semdeg odisevssa da mis Tanamgzavrebs qarTa
meufe gaistumrebs xelsayreli dasavleTis qaris TanxlebiT. cxra dRis mSvidi
mgzavrobis Semdeg odisevsis Tanamgzavrebs, rodesac mas CaeZineba, qarTa gudis
gaxsna moundebaT. igi eolosma gamoatana da Sig moamwyvdia mavne qarebi. Tanam-
gzavrTa cnobismoyvareoba sabediswero aRmoCnda. gudidan amofrenili qarebi
xomaldebs kvlav eolosis kunZulze miagdeben, magram ganrisxebuli mefe maT aRar
miiRebs. eqvsi dRis xetialis Semdeg isini goliaTi kaciWamia lestrigonebis qve-
yanas miadgebian. lestrigonebis sastikma Tavdasxmam odisevss yvela xomaldi da-
umsxvria da mravali megobari amouJlita. erTaderTi gadarCenili xomaldiTa da
erTob Semcirebuli TanamgzavrebiT igi miadgeba kunZul aiaias. aq cxovrobs aie-
tis da, grZneuli kirke. igi dasazverad gagzavnil megobarTa erT jgufs Rore-
bad gadaaqcevs. odisevss hermesi miscems rCevas, Tu rogor daimorCilos kirke.
jadosnuri mcenaris – molis – Zirebis saSualebiT igi aicilebs kirkes jadosnu-
ri wamlis safrTxes, daimorCilebs qalRmerTs da megobrebisaTvis kvlav daabru-
nebinebs adamianis saxes. erT wels dahyofen isini kunZulze. xolo, rodesac odi-
sevsi wasvlas moisurvebs, kirke mas momavali gzis gansasazRvravad gardacvlil-
Ta sulebis mxareSi gaagzavnis da Tan daarigebs, Tu rogor unda moiqces hadesis
karTan (X simRera).
erTi dRe dasWirdaT okeanosis Rrma dinebis gadamkveTT, rom kimerielTa So-
reuli qveynisaTvis mieRwiaT, sadac maradiuli wyvdiadi sufevs. aq odisevss
sisxliT avsebul samsxverplo ormosTan gamoecxadeba jer kirkes sasaxleSi
sxvaTagan SeumCnevlad daRupuli da daukrZalavad datovebuli Tanamgzavris,
elpenoris, suli, Semdeg misi iTakaSi aryofnis ganmavlobaSi gardacvlili
dedisa, romelic kvlavindeburad wuxs Tavisi Svilis bedze da mas auwyebs pe-
nelopes erTgulebis ambavs. tiresiasis suli mas uwinaswarmetyvelebs mTel moma-
vals: Znel dabrunebas, gansacdels heliosis xarebis gamo, gamarjvebas sasiZoebze
da bolos, sikvdils ucxo miwaze. amas mosdevs aRwera gardacvlil qalTa

44
sulebisa, romelnic ixila odisevsma. Semdeg igi droebiT wyvets moyolas da Se-
axsenebs feakebs mis samSobloSi dabrunebasTan dakavSirebul dapirebas. Txro-
biT gatacebuli alkinoosi da feakebi sTxoven mas ambis gagrZelebas, xolo
dabrunebas Semdegi dRisaTvis gadautanen. odisevsi ganagrZobs. mas sulTa same-
foSi agamemnonis suli gamoecxada, romelmac auwya Tavisi Semzaravi mkvlelobis
ambavi verag klitemnestrasa da egisTosisagan. aqilevsis sulma sixaruliTa da
siamayiT moismina misi Svilis neoptolemosis gmirobis ambavi troasTan. aiasis
sulma, ganrisxebulma odisevsze, xmac ki ar gasca laertesis Zes. aq man ixila kidev
mravali suli. odisevsi Tavisi xomaldiT kvlav ukan brundeba (XI simRera).
kirkes kunZulze, `sadac aisze Sobili eosis sasaxle da saferxulo adgilia
da sadac heliosi iwyebs aRmosvlas~, mcire SeCerebisa da elpenoris dakrZalvis
Semdgom igi Cauvlis macdurxmian sirenebs (anu sirinozebs), gaaRwevs damRupvel
skilasa da qaribdiss da miaRwevs sabediswero Trinakias, sadac heliosis wminda
fara Zovs. Tanamgzavrebi daiviwyeben odisevsis rCevas da daklaven SimSiliT
Sewuxebulni mzis RmerTis xarebs. zevsi, heliosis TxovniT, saSinel uamindobas
mouvlens zRvaSi gasul aqavelebs. iRupeba yvela, mxolod odisevsi gadarCeba,
anZis xes bagiriT mikruli da cxra dRis Widilis Semdeg usasrulo zRvis mZvin-
vare talRebTan ogigiis kunZulze aRmoCndeba (XII simRera).
odisevsis TxrobiT moxibluli feakebi uxvad daasaCuqreben mas da TavianTi
saswauli xomaldiT CaZinebuls saocari siswrafiT gadaiyvanen iTakaze. odisevsi
gamoerkveva Zilidan da buranSi jer ver icnobs Tavis samSoblos. Tumca Semdgom
mwyemsis saxiT movlenili aTena mas gamoarkvevs da isini feakTa saCuqrebs erTad
gadamalaven. Semdeg qalRmerTi da laertesis Ze adgenen sasiZoebze Surisgebis
gegmas da aTena imisaTvis, rom odisevsi veravin ver icnos, kverTxis jadosnuri
SexebiT mas iers ucvlis, maTxovrad gadaaqcevs (XIII simRera).
odisevsi jer monaxavs meRore evmaioss, romelsac Tavis namdvil vinaobas ar
gaumJRavnebs da gamogonil ambavs uambobs. aq igi iRebs saWmels, mosasxamsa da
gadasafarebels RamisaTvis (XIV simRera).
aTena moevlineba spartaSi telemaqoss da aaCqarebs mas, swrafad daubrundes
iTakas. ukan wamosuli odisevsis Ze pilosidan naTelmxilvel Teoklimenoss wa-
moiyvans. aTenasagan darigebuli telemaqosi Tavs daaRwevs Casafrebul sasiZoebs.
telemaqosi miaRwevs iTakas da pirdapir evmaiosisaken gaemarTeba (XV simRera).
mwyemsi penelopes Svilis dabrunebas auwyebs. odisevsi gaumxels telemaqoss
Tavis vinaobas da isini adgenen sasiZoTa dasjis gegmas, romelnic kvlav fiqroben
telemaqosis Tavidan mocilebaze. brundeba evmaiosi (XVI simRera).
diliT jer telemaqosi midis qalaqSi, Semdeg mas mihyvebian evmaiosi da odi-
sevsi. telemaqosi esalmeba dedas. Teoklimenosi winaswarmetyvelebs, rom odi-
sevsi ukve Tavis samSobloSia. dabrunebul odisevss veravin ver icnobs, garda
misi sikvdils mitanebuli ZaRlis, argosisa. sasaxleSi odisevss (maTxovars)
sasiZoebi dacinviT miiReben, antinoosi mas skamsac ki esvris. evmaiosi penelopes
auwyebs, rom saRamoTi maTxovari uambobs mas odisevsze (XVII simRera).
gamoCndeba mawanwala irosi, romelic sasiZoebis waqezebiT auxirdeba odi-
sevss. CxubSi gamarjvebuls, antinoosis winadadebiT, saukeTesod Semwvar kuWs
miscemen. odisevsma iolad galaxa irosi da gaafrTxila sasiZoTagan saukeTeso am-
finomosic. gamodis penelope, romelic aTenam saocari silamaziT Seamko. sasiZo-
ebs igi auwyebs, rom man, bolos da bolos, gadawyvita gaTxoveba, radgan odisev-
sis dabrunebis imedi gadaewura. qeifi grZeldeba. odisevss kvlav dascinian, mas
evrimaqosi kvlav esvris skams (XVIII simRera).
RamiT odisevsi SvilTan erTad gaaclis iaraRs darbazs, aTena unaTebs lam-
pars. modis penelope, romelsac odisevsi aguebs Tavisi gamogonili ambiT qmris
dabrunebis azrs. penelope sTxovs odisevsis ZiZas, evrikleas, dahbanos maTxovars
fexi. ZiZam fexze Wrilobis nawiburiT icno odisevsi. am ukanasknelma mas aniSna,

45
Cumad yofiliyo. amasobaSi ki penelope uyveba sizmars, romelic sasiZoTa dasjas
moaswavebs da acxadebs Tavis gadawyvetilebas, moawyos sasiZoTa Soris Semdeg
dRes Sejibri (XIX simRera).
odisevss sZinavs winkarSi. igi xedavs, rogor mirbian moaxle gogoebi sasiZoeb-
Tan Ramis gasatareblad. laertesis Ze didis gaWirvebiT ikavebs mrisxanebas. meo-
re diliT modian evmaiosi da aseve odisevsis erTguli mwyemsi filoitiosi. zev-
sis niSani aSinebs sasiZoebs, ganaxorcielon telemaqosis mokvlis gegma. grZelde-
ba odisevsis Seuracxyofa. erT-erTi sasiZo mas Zroxis barkalsac ki esvris, rome-
lic kedels moxvdeba. telemaqosi gamoeqomageba odisevss, igi aRar apirebs sasi-
ZoTa usamarTlobis moTmenas. sasiZoTa gniasSi Teoklimenosi maT daRupvas winas-
warmetyvelebs (XX simRera).
aTenas CagonebiT penelopes Semoaqvs odisevsis mSvildi. penelope gahyveba
colad mas:
vinc SesZlebs marjved, Tavisuflad mSvildis mozidvas
da gaatarebs Tormet culSi gasrolil isars.
(75-76)

telemaqosi aqezebs sasiZoebs. man TviT Caaso samizne culebi. sasiZoTagan ver-
cerTma ver SeZlo mSvildis mowevac ki. odisevsi umJRavnebs Tavis vinaobas evmai-
ossa da filoitioss. rodesac sasiZoebi Sejibrebis Semdegi dRisaTvis gadade-
bas ganizraxaven, odisevsi, miuxedavad maTi aRSfoTebisa, gamoTqvams survils, man
Tavad scados mSvildis moweva. telemaqosi moiTxovs, miawodon mas mSvildi. odi-
sevsma amasobaSi gaafrTxila evriklea, daakavos moaxle gogoebi, xolo filoiti-
osma ki unda Caketos WiSkari. odisevsi advilad asrulebs Sejibrebis pirobas
(XXI simRera).
odisevsi gaamxels Tavis vinaobas. meore isriT igi klavs antinooss. iwyeba sa-
siZoTa amoJleta. odisevsi Tavisi Zisa da erTguli msaxurebis daxmarebiT amoJ-
lets yvela sasiZos da maT TanamgrZnob msaxurebs. telemaqosis TxovniT, igi mxo-
lod aed femiossa da Sikrik medons daindobs. sasaxle sufTavdeba (XXII simRera).
evriklea atyobinebs penelopes qmris dabrunebas. mas ar sjera. odisevsi, ro-
melsac ganbanvisas aTena kvlav ubrunebs Tavis uwindel iersa da axovanebas,
moevlineba Tavis erTgul cols. mas Semdeg, rac laertesis Ze penelopes
daarwmunebs mxolod col-qmrisaTvis cnobili saidumlos gaxsenebiT imaSi, rom
igi namdvilad odisevsia, isini oci wlis Semdeg kvlav erTad atareben Rames. qma-
ri cols uambobs Tavisi faTerakebiT aRsavse dabrunebis ambebs. diliT ki
odisevsi mamis – laertesis – sanaxavad apirebs wasvlas, Tanac grZnobs sasiZoTa
naTesavebisagan momavali Surisgebis safrTxes (XXIII simRera).
hermesi daRupul sasiZoTa sulebs hadesisaken miuZRveba. agamemnonis suli
mimarTavs aqilevsisas da sasiZos, amfimedonis, sulisagan yovelive momxdaris
Setyobis Semdeg, igi erTgul penelopes adarebs verag klitemnestras. odisevsi
TanamgzavrebTan erTad miva laertesTan, romelic qalaqgareT cxovrobs. maTken
SurisZiebisaTvis daiZrebian iTakelebi antinoosis mamis meTaurobiT. saqmeSi
ereva aTena. zevsisagan Tanxmobis miRebis Semdeg, igi aCerebs dawyebul brZolas
da mowinaaRmdegeebs Soris mSvidobas Camoagdebs (XXIV simRera).

yoveli literaturuli nawarmoebis mecnieruli Seswavla, rasakvirvelia,

mwerlis Semoqmedebis sakiTxTa kvlevas moiTxovs. magram aseT dros, rogorc wesi,
ramdenime principuli xasiaTis mqone faqti sruliad udavoa da aravis ar mosdis
TavSi maTi gadasinjva. amgvar faqtTa rigs ganekuTvneba, kerZod, is, rom CvenTvis
saintereso mwerali namdvilad arsebobda da moRvaweobda, rom mas namdvilad

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Seuqmnia konkretuli nawarmoebi, rom nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambavi mTlianad
mwerlis mier aris mogonili an igi realurad momxdaris mxatvrul asaxvas war-
moadgens da a.S. magram literaturis istoriaSi aris SemTxvevebi, gansakuTrebiT,
Zveli samyaros kulturebis Seswavlisas, rodesac Cvenamde moRweuli ama Tu im
nawarmoebis mimarT davas TiTqmis yvelaferi aRZravs – avtoris arsebobidan da
nawarmoebis teqstualuri erTianobidan dawyebuli, masSi aRwerili ambis xasia-
TiT damTavrebuli. am mxriv, homerosi msoflio literaturis istoriaSi
marTlac rom gansakuTrebul movlenas warmoadgens. homerologiam, romelsac
mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs da romelic Tavad iqca kulturis istoriis
erT-erT mniSvnelovan dargad, warmoSva e.w. homerosis sakiTxi – albaT, yvelaze
ufro Tavsatexi msoflio literaturis istoriaSi. dRes igi sami problemis er-
Tianobad warmogvidgeba. maTgan yvelaze xangrZlivi istoria homerosis poemebis
erTianobis sakiTxis Seswavlas aqvs, romelic imis garkvevas gulisxmobs, arse-
bobs, Tu ara erTi poetis mier Seqmnili erTiani poemebi – `iliada~ da `odisea~.
mokled mas erTianobis problema SeiZleba vuwodoT. XIX saukunis meore naxevri-
dan h. Slimanis gaTxrebis Semdgom Tavisi adgili daiWira homerologiaSi `ili-
adis~ da, garkveulwilad, `odiseas~ istoriul realobasTan mimarTebis prob-
lemam. misi arsi imis garkvevaSi mdgomareobs, Tu ra istoriul realobas asaxavs
homerosi da, saerTod, ramdenad sandoa misi monacemebi troas omis Sesaxeb.
homerosis sakiTxis am aspeqtis formulireba amgvarad SeiZleboda: homerosi da
istoria. XX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan, mas Semdeg, rac folkloristebma
daadgines, rom sxvadasxva xalxSi arsebobs vrceli epikuri nawarmoebebis zepiri
gziT Seqmnisa da yovelgvari werilobiTi fiqsaciis gareSe Taobidan TaobaSi
gadacemis praqtika, win wamoiwia homerosis sakiTxis axalma aspeqtma – rogori
gziT aris Seqmnili `iliada~ da `odisea~ – werilobiTi Tu zepiri? igi SeiZleba
movixsenioT, rogorc homerosis eposis formirebis problema. SevecadoT,
mokled gadmovceT homerosis sakiTxis istoria da kvlevis Tanamedrove
mdgomareoba TiToeuli am aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT.1

homerosis eposis erTianoba

sakiTxis istoriisaTvis. homerologiis ZiriTad problemas `iliadisa~ da
`odiseas~ erTianobis sakiTxi warmoadgens. es savsebiT bunebrivia, radgan yo-
velgvari kvlevis safuZvels, Cveulebriv, TviT sakvlevi obieqti Seadgens. mTeli
Cveni msjeloba homerosis eposis Sesaxeb mxolod mas Semdeg SeiZleba met-
naklebad sando gaxdes, rac Cven vupasuxebT ZiriTad kiTxvas: arsebobs Tu ara
marTlac erTi poetis mier, erTiani poeturi gegmiTa da koncefciiT Seqmnili
mTliani poemebi – `iliada~ da `odisea~, Tu maTi erTianoba mxolod moCvenebiTia,
sinamdvileSi ki isini sxvadasxva poetTa nawarmoebebis gaerTianebis cdas war-
moadgenen. rasakvirvelia, aseTi kiTxva mxolod mas Semdeg SeiZleboda wamo-
Wriliyo, rac is mkvlevari, romelsac pirvelad aReZra homerosis eposis mimarT
amgvari orWofuli damokidebuleba, imdenad Sors aRmoCnda poemaTa Camoyal-
ibebis epoqisagan, rom misTvis is, rac erT dros, albaT, sruliad naTeli da aSka-
ra iyo, bundovanisa da naxevradlegendarulis sferoSi gadavida. marTlac, ro-
gorc antikur wyaroTa Seswavla gviCvenebs, amgvari kiTxva ar dasmula Zvel sa-
berZneTSi. elinisaTvis homerosi sruliad konkretul poets warmoadgenda, ro-
melTanac organulad iyo dakavSirebuli `iliadisa~ da `odiseas~ Seqmnis dideba.
rasakvirvelia, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, am didebis wyalobiT elinebi zogjer mas
sxva nawarmoebTa avtorobasac miawerdnen xolme, magram aseT dros, Cveulebriv,
gamoiTqmoda sawinaaRmdego azric, xSirad met-naklebad damajerebel argumentTa
wamoyenebiT. es imas rodi niSnavs, rom homerosis saukunisa da pirovnebis Sesaxeb

1 zogierTi mkvlevari problemas: `homerosi da istoria~ ar ganixilavs `homerosis sakiTxis~

erT-erT ZiriTad problemad: Sdr. DNP, 14, 501-516.

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