axalSobilTa da adreuli asakis bavSvTa neiro-motoruli ganviTareba

postnataluri ganviTarebis etapebi

axalSobili

Tvalis xamxami, Tavis mobrunebisas Tvalebis tonuri deviacia, wova,

loyaze Sexebisas piris mobruneba, ylapva, mTqnareba, taceba, mucelze
wolisas Tavis xanmokle gasworeba, moros refleqsi, kidurebis moxrili
mdebareoba, orTava kunTis da myes-ZvalTa sxva refleqsebi, fexisgulis
moxriTi refleqsi, stabiluri temperatura, sunTqva da arteriuli wneva,
Zilis da RviZilis periodebi, Zlieri tirili.

axalSobili fasdeba apgaris SkaliT

niSnebi 0qula 1qula 2 qula

pulsi ar aris 100-ze wuTSi 100-ze wuTSi

sunTqva ar aris susti, araregularuli kargi, tirili

tonusi susti xris xelebs da aqtiurad moZraobs

fexebs

refleqsebi ar aris grimasi aceminebs, axvelebs

(reaqcia cxvirSi
kaTeteris

Seyofaze)

kanis feri cianozuri, normaluri, normaluri

fermkrTali cianozuria

fexebi

apgaris Skalis Sefaseba

 7qula da meti janmrTeli

 4dan 6qulamde saWiroebs koreqcias

 4 qulaze naklebi kritikuli

1
Aaucilebelia yuradReba mieqces ganviTarebis mcire anomaliebs e.w
disembriogenul stigmebs:

• mikrofTalmia

• epikanti

• unagira cxviri

• yuris niJaris deformacia an maTi atopuri ganlageba

• xelis da fexis TiTebis anomalia

• goTuri maRali sasa

• mikro da makrognaTia da sxva……

• xelis gulis ganivi naoWi

• reliefuri ena

• Hhemangiomebi sxeulis sxvadasxva nawilze (gansakuTrebiT Tavis

midamoSi).. da sxva. . .

axalSobilTa refleqsebi

kvadratuli fanjara (maja) E eqimi Tavis cera da saCvenebeli TiTebiT

xris bavSvis majas wina mxris mimarTulebiT maqsimalur moxramde. Amis
Semdgom TvaliT zomavs kuTxes, romelic iqmneba wina mxris SigniTa
zedapirsa da cera TiTis SemaRlebas Soris

xelebis sapasuxo reaqcia axalSobils awvenen zurgze, eqimi xris mis zeda
kidurebs idayvis saxsarSida afiqsirebs am mdgonmareobaSi 5 wamiT.amis
Semdeg is xels uSvebs da akvirdeba kuTxes wina mxrisa da mxris SigniTa
zedapirebs Soris.

muxlqveSa kuTxe axalSobili moTavsebulia zurgze, menji eyrdnoba

magidas. eqimi marcxena xelis saCvenebeli TiTiT awveba barZayis Zvals da
xris qveda kidurs muxl-mkerdis mdgomareobaSi. ceriT sayrdens uqmnis
muxls.marjvena xelis nazi zewoliT koWze aSlevinebs fexs.izomeba
muxlqveSa kuTxe.

Sarfis simptomi eqimi crdilobs miitanos bavSvis xeli kisris

sapirispiro mxares, rac SeiZleba maqsimalurad

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Qquslis yurTan mitana axalSobili moTavsebulia zurgze,menji eyrdnoba
magidas, eqimi crdilobs Zaldatanebis gareSe miitanos bavSvis fexi TavTan
rac SeiZleba axlos

axalSobilebs mxolod is refleqsebi aqvT,romelTa rkali zurgis tvinisa

da qerqveSa kvanZebSi gadis da maT Tandayolili anu upirobo refleqsebi
ewodebaT:

• Mmdgradi avtomatizmi, romelic mTeli sicocxle gahyvebaT : qrovanas,

koniuqtivis,xaxis, ylapvis,ceminebis, myesebis(idayvis,kvirisTavis,
aqilevsis)

• tranzitoruli,romelic mamoZravebeli analizatoris ganviTarebis

specifikur dones asaxaven da Semdeg qreba.

Ooralur segmenturi avtomatizmi : ZuZus Zebnis,wovis,xorTumisebri da

xelisgulnikapis refleqsebi.

spinaluri segmenturi avtomatizmi :moxvevis, tacebis,dgomis,

avtomaturi siarulis, cocvis,galantis da peresis refleqsebi.

Mmieloencefaluri pozotonuri refleqsebi : kisris simetriuli da

arasimetriuli tonuri refleqsebi.

mezencefaluri avtomatizmi - romlebic dabadebis Semdgom

warmoiqmnebian, amitom yvela axalSobils SeiZleba ar hqondes
gamoxatuli - labirinTuli, kisris da tanis ubralo da jaWviTi
refleqsebi.

mdgradi avtomatizmi:

M dResrul axalSobilebs kargad aqvT ganviTarebuli kvebiTi, wovis

da ylapvis refleqsebi.

kvebiTi refleqsi imdenad mZlavria, rom qerqSi e.w kvebiT dominantas

qmnis,ris gamoc kvebisas qerqis sxva moZraobiTi reaqciebi
Sekavebulia, aRniSnuli refleqsi ar uvlindebaT mxolod Zlier
dRenaklulebs.

M mdgrad avtomatizmebs miekuTvneba aseve rqovanasa da koniunqtivis

refleqsebi.axalSobilebs SeiZleba gamouvlindeT aseve feiferis
refleqsi (Zlieri sinaTliT gaRizianebisas gugebis Seviwroeba
Tvalebis daxuWva da Tavis ukan gadaweva.)

3
 Tavdacvis refleqsi

mucelze wolisas bavSvi refleqsurad Tavs maRla wevs da gverdze

abrunebs.

Ooraluri segmenturi avtomatizi

• xorTumisebri refleqsi – piris kuTxesTan TiTis dartymisas tuCebis

xorTumisebri win wamoweva. refleqsi qreba me-3 Tves.

• orbikulur-palpebruli refleqsi – Tvalis orbitis zeda rkalze

TiTis dartymisas vlindeba quTuTos daxuWva. (me-6 Tves qreba)

wovis refleqsi

piris RruSi TiTis an sawovaras moTavsebisas aqtiuri woviTi moZraobis

dawyeba. es refleqsi qreba 12-24 Tvis asakSi.

ZuZus Zebnis (kusmaulis) refleqsi

piris kuTxesTan kanis gaRizianebisas tuCis qvemoT daSveba, enisa da Tavis

mobruneba gaRizianebis mxares. refleqsi qreba 3-5 Tves.

xelisgul-nikapis (babkinis) refleqsi

xelisgulze zewolisas nikapis kunTebis SekumSva, piris gaReba da Tavis

moxra. (qreba 3 Tveze)

spinalur segmenturi avtomatizmi

• moros (moxvevis) refleqsi – mowmdeba sxvadasxva meTodiT:

• bavSvis sxeulidan 10-20 sm-is dacilebiT magidaze xelebis dartymiT;

2. bavSvis 20-sm-iT simaRleze swrafi daweva-aweviT;

3. bavSvis gaSlili fexebis da menjis aweviT sawolidan;

4. bavSvis fexebis pasiuri gaSliT

vlindeba Semdegnairad: pirveli faza – xelebis da xelis mtevnebis gaSla.

meore faza – xelebis dabruneba sawyis poziciaSi, anu moxveva. (es

rehleqsi me-4-5 Tves qreba.)

tacebis (zeda) robinsonis refleqsi bavSvis mtevnis SeboWviTi reaqcia

eqimis TiTiT xelisgulis gaRizianebisas, ise rom SesaZlebeli xdeba
bavSvis wamoweva (refleqsi me-3-4 Tveze qreba)

4
tacebis (qveda) refleqsi terfis Zirze TiTebis baliSze zewolisas yvela
TiTi ixreba fexisgulisken. (refleqsi qreba me-3-4 Tveze qreba)

cocvis (baueris) refleqsi Tu guldaRma mwoliare axalSobils

fexisgulTan xels mivadebT igi iwyebs cocviT moZraobebs.(me-3 Tveze qreba)

paravertebruli (galantis) refleqsi –Tu gverdze mwoliare bavSvs

saCvenebeli TiTiT gavuRizianebT paravertebrul ares kisridan gavis
mimarTulebiT, aRiniSneba tanis rkalisebri moxra, zogjer fexis
ganzidviT. (qreba me-4 Tveze)

vertebruli (peresis) refleqsi xerxemlis malebis wvetian morCebze TiTis

gayolebisas kudusunidan kisris mimarTulebiT mosdevs:

 yvirili xanmokle apnoes Semdeg

 welis lordozi.

 zeda da qveda kidurebis moxra.

 kunTebis generalizebuli hipotonia.

 uneblie Sardva da defekacia. (refleqsi qreba me-4 Tveze)

xvostekis refleqsi – vlindeba ZaRlis fosoSi TiTis dartymisas

cxviris, tuCebis da Tvalis irgvliv kunTebis SekumSviT (qreba me-3
Tveze)

quslis (arSavskis) refleqsi: quslze xelis moWerisas saxis kunTebis

grimasi (me-5-6 Tveze qreba)

dgomis refleqsi Tu bavSvs iRliebSi amoudebT xels, avwevT da

tans davumagrebT, igi xris fexebs menj-barZayis saxsarSi. Mmagram Tu
sayrdenze davuSvebT, igi dgeba terfebze da asworebs tans. (me-2
Tveze qreba)

avtomaturi siarulis refleqsi dgomis mdgomareobaSi myof bavSvs

odnav win xrian, rasac fexebis nabijisebri moZraoba mosdevs.zogjer
vlindeba fexebis gadajvaradineba. (me-2 Tveze qreba)

Nnabijebis (kibisebri) refleqsi wvivis zedapiris gaRizianebisas

bavSvi iwyebs fexis moxras menj-barZayis da muxlis saxsrebSi da fexs
aabijebs magidaze.

• landaus refleqsi landaus zeda refleqsi – mucelze wolisas

bavSvi swevs zemoT Tavs, gulmkerds da sayrdens xelebiT ebjineba.
5
Aam pozaSi bavSvs SeuZlia ramdenime xani gaCerdes. (me-4 Tvidan
gamovlindeba)

landaus qveda refleqsi –mucelze wolisas bavSvi xris da maRla

swevs fexebsac. (me-5-6 Tvidan aRiniSneba)

Tu bavSvs movkidebT welze xels zurgiT zemoT myof mdebareobaSi da

swrafad CamovwevT Zirs bavSvi Slis xelebs da fexebs, iRebs damcav
pozas.

paraSutis refleqsi es refleqsi yalibdeba sicocxlis me-7-9 Tves.

arseboobs paraSutis refleqsis gamokvleva bavSvis jdomisas-

rodesac dacemisgan Tavs icavs romelime xelze dayrdnobiT.A

babinskis refleqsi fexisgulis lateraluri kidis Strixuli

gaRizianebisas vlindeba ceris eqstenzia da danarCeni TiTebis
fleqsia

kernigis niSani – qveda kidurebis momxrelTa hipertoniis gamo aseve

xSiria menj-barZayisa da muxlis saxsarSi fexis swrafi gaSlis
SeuZlebloba. ( 4 Tvemde asakSi fiziologiurad aris miCneuli)

refleqsebis gamokvleva warmodgenas gvaZlevs centraluri

nervuli sistemis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. Tu es refleqsebi im asakSi
vlindeba,rodesac aRar unda iyos, es aSkara paTologiis maCvenebelia.
paTologiaze metyvelebs isic, Tu es refleqsebi maTTvis
damaxasiaTebel vadaSi ar mJRavndeba.

postnataluri ganviTarebis etapebi

2-3 Tve
iWers Tavs, iRimeba, warmoTqvams xmovan bgerebs, (RuRunebs), kisris
tonuri simetriuli mdebareobaM(kisris tonuri refleqsi), kidurebSi
didi amplitudis moZraobebi, myesTaA refleqsebi, mzeras afiqsirebs
da saTamaSos Tvals ayolebs, aqtiurad wovs, aqvs mkveTrad
gansxvavebuli Zilis da RviZilis periodebi, aqvs nabijebi
vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, vertikalurad daWerisas fexebi moxrilia,
Tavi zeviT gadaweuliiWers Tavs, iRimeba, warmoTqvams xmovan bgerebs,
(RuRunebs), kisris tonuri simetriuli mdebareobaM(kisris tonuri

6
refleqsi), kidurebSi didi amplitudis moZraobebi, myesTaA
refleqsebi, mzeras afiqsirebs da saTamaSos Tvals ayolebs,
aqtiurad wovs, aqvs mkveTrad gansxvavebuli Zilis da RviZilis
periodebi, aqvs nabijebi vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, vertikalurad
daWerisas fexebi moxrilia, Tavi zeviT gadaweuli

4Tve
Tavs iWers kargad, aqvs Tavis minimaluri gadaxra, RuRunebs da
icinis, ikvlevs mtevnebs, kidurebis tonusi saSualo an Semcirebulia,
bgeriT gamRizianebelze brundeba, brunavs muclidan zurgze, tacebis,
wovis da kisris tonuri refleqsi emorCileba nebas.

5-6 Tve
butbutebs, iRebs sagnebs, TamaSisas gamoscems bgerebs, ansxvavebs
ojaxis wevrebs da ucxos, qreba moros da tacebis refleqsi,
cdilobs ipovos dakarguli sagani, iwyebs jdomas, mjdomare
mdgomareobaSi gadasvlisas Tavis gadaxra ar aqvs, qreba kisris
tonuri refleqsi, vlindeba landaus refleqsi (mucelze wolisas
Tavi uWiravs horizontaluri donis zemoT da xris ukan
horizontalur mdgomareobSi) iwyebs sagnis tacebas erTi xeliT,
boTls iWers xelSi.

9Tve
xoxavs da dgeba, dgas daxmarebiT, myarad zis, butbutebs “deda”,
“mama” an msgavs sityvebs, Semodis kontaqtSi, Txoulobs yuradRebas,
svams Wiqidan, aris landaus da “paraSutis” refleqsi, aerTebs xelis
did da saCvenebel TiTs.

12 Tve
damoukideblad dgas, dadis TviTon an daxmarebiT, cdilobs
damoukideblad Wamas, warmoTqvams ramdenime martiv sityvas, imeorebs
bgerebs, agdebs sagnebs, aqvs fexisgulis moxriTi refleqsi.

7
15 Tve
damoukideblad dadis (9-16 Tve), advilad ecema, Tavisuflad
amoZravebs xelebs, ambobs ramdenime sityvas, xatavs fanqriT, jRabnis,
Txoulobs miTiTebebs, interesdeba bgerebiT, musikiT, cxovelebis
suraTebiT da saTamaSoebiT.

18 Tve
ambobs sul cota 6 sityvas, damoukideblad Wams, kargad iyenebs
kovzs, SeuZlia miTiTebebis Sesruleba, myarad darbis, TviTon jdeba
skamze, ikveTeba dominanturi mtevani, isvris burTs, TamaSobs bavSvur
TamaSebs, iyenebs ubralo sagnebs msgavsebisaTvis, ixdis fexsacmels
da windebs, icis 2-3 gavrcelebuli sagnis, wignSi suraTis, sxeulis
nawilis dasaxeleba.

24 Tve
ambobs 2-3 sityvian winadadebebs, xatavs, jRabnis, kargad darbis, adis
kibeze, ixreba sagnis asaRebad, fexs urtyavs burTs, abrunebs karebis
saxelurs, damoukideblad TamaSobs, agebs koSks 6 kubikisgan, zogjer
TviTon midis tualetSi.

2-4 wlis bavSvi

kontaqturia, advilad amyarebs kontaqts ucxoebTanac, iSviaTad aqvs
SiSis gancda, kargad aqvs Camoyalibebuli “me”-s SrgrZneba,
Tavisuflad laparakobs frazebiT, gadmogvcems Tavis azrebs, SeuZlia
ambis moyola, cdilobs iyos damoukidebeli.

6-8wlis bavSvi
bavSvs kargad aqvs ganviTarebuli motorika da metyveleba, SeuZlia
situaciis niuansebis gageba, aqvs ‘fsiqologiuri distanciis’ gancda
ufrosebTan urTierTobisas, ara aqvs kargad ganviTarebuli
TviTkritika da TviTkontroli, ar SeuZliaT xangrZlivad
8
koncentrireba erT saganze, Warbobs TamaSis elementebi,
SesaZlebelia problemebi hqondeT skolaSi wasvlisas, gauWirdeT
axal koleqtivTan adaptacia.

12-16wlis bavSvi, pubertati

cdiloben iyvnen damoukideblebi, baZaven ufrosebs, aqtiurad
ewinaaRmdegebian yovelgvar akrZalvas, ar cnoben avtoritetebs,
vlindeba vegetatiuri disfunqcia,.