mu Sa o bis

geg ma

20 dekemberi, 1200 saaTi

69-e

samecniero sesia

masalebi

al. y i n y a r a u l i , etimologiuri SeniSvna. sawmisi

T. u T u r g a i Z e, /i/ xmovnis variantebi Zvel qarTulsa

da Tanamedrove dialeqtebSi

a. a r a b u l i , l. b i n i a S v i l i , l. s o x a Z e , qcevis

formaTa asaxvis zogi sakiTxisaTvis qeglis axal redaq-

ciaSi

v.

imnaiSvili,

Zveli

qarTuli

enis

leqsikidan.
2010 wlis 20-23 dekemberi

8. manda

m. r o b a q i Z e , `aldat~ (`aGday~) sitKvis semantikisa-

Tvis Zvel qarTul enaSi (qarTul-somxur enobriv ur-

TierTobaTa Suqze)

k. m i T a g v a r i a , ferTa aGmniSvneli leqsikis ZiriTadi

terminebi adiGeur enaSi

redaqtorebi _

avTandil arabubuli

Tamar vaSakiZe

m. b u k i a , qarTveluri leqsika v. kaslanZias `afxazur-

rusul leqsikonSi~

l.

k e l a u r i Z e , saerToqarTvelur harmoniul kom-

pleqsTa SesatKvisobaTaTvis buruSulsa da baskur

enebSi

n. f o n i a v a , afxazuri enis CVC tipis zmnur ZirTa

fonemuri SedgenilobisaTvis

©arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti

ISBN

21 dekemberi, 1200 saaTi

g. k v a r a c x e l i a , l. v a S a k i Z e , biZina foCxuas Te-

zaurusi, rogorc qarTuli enis Sinaarsobrivi planis

paradigmatuli modeli

g. g o g o l a S v i l i , h- da s- prefiqsTa funqciisaTvis

qarTulSi

v. S e n g e l i a , kvlav i b e r - da i m e r - fuZeTa Sesaxeb

22 dekemberi, 1200 saaTi

m. s u x i S v i l i , gvaris formebi gamoxatulebisa da Si-

naarsis planis mixedviT

m. C u x u a , svanuri micemiTis -an sufiqsi da misi para-

lelebi sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi

S. g a b e s k i r i a , enaTmecnierul-istoriuli mosazrebe-

bi bagrationTa samefo dinastiis warmomavlobis Sesa-

t.

gurgeniZe,

ierarqiuli

mimarTeba

gramatikul

xeb

klasebs Soris

m. G l o n t i , GmerTis leqsikur-semantikuri budisaTvis

c. k v a n t a l i a n i , wminda da wmida formaTa monac-

vleobisaTvis

e.
g a z d e l i a n i , naTesaobiTi brunvis alomorfTa

ganawilebisaTvis xmovanfuZian saxelebTan svanurSi

T. b u r y u l a Z e , erTi tipis parataqsuli winadadebis

Sesaxeb
4

r. y k a d u a , usufiqso gardauval zmnaTa formobriv-se-

mantikuri analizisaTvis svanurSi

T. v a S a k i Z e , wKevla-muqaris, ficisa da locvis for-

mulebi d. kldiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi

e. S e n g e l i a , zogi megruli fuZis etimologiisaTvis

(musx-i//mosx-i, Tesx-i//Tisx-i, musxiSa(x), TesxiSa(x)//Tis-

xiSa(x))

r. l o l u a , kavkasiis albanuri anbanis aso-niSanTa rao-

denobis dadgenisaTvis

m. C a C a n i Z e , leqsikografiuli semantizaciis verbalu-

ri saSualebebi da leqsikonTa tipologiis problema

q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i , subkategoriaTa omonimiisa da

maTi semantikuri urTierTmimarTebisaTvis svanur enaSi

n. J o r b e n a Z e , arsebiT saxelTa Jgufebi qarTulSi

m. T e T r a Z e , bacbur erTmarcvlian CV da VC tipis sa-

xelur fuZeTa klasifikaciisaTvis

5

a v T a n d i l a r a b u l i, l a l i b i n i a S v i l i,

23 dekemberi, 1200 saaTi

lida soxaZe
v.

S e n g e l i a, sagranto proeqtze muSaobis

meore

qcevis formaTa asaxvis zogi sakiTxisaTvis

qeglis axal redaqciaSi

6

wlis (IX-XII kvartalebi) Sedegebis Sesaxeb

n. m a y a v a r i a n i, baTumel afxazTa metKvelebis Sesaxeb. III

r. f a r e u l i Z e, ricxviT saxelTa zogi Taviseburebis

Sesaxeb CeCnuri enis qistur dialeqtSi

l. s a n i k i Z e, zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis formaTa

warmoebis Taobaze bacbur (wova-TuSur) enaSi

l. a z m a i f a r a S v i l i, zog sintaqsur Tavisebureba-

Ta Sesaxeb xunZuri enis anwuxur dialeqtSi

n. a r d o t e l i, labializebuli kompleqsis gamartive-

bisaTvis bejitur enaSi

r. l o l u a, predikatuli sintagmis konstruqciebisa-

Tvis udiur enaSi

`qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ (rvatomeuli) Sei-

niSneba araerTgvarovneba (araTanamimdevruloba) imgvari zmnu-

ri saleqsikono erTeulebis gramatikuli kvalifikaciisas,

romlebsac forma sasubieqto (saTaviso) an saobieqto (sasxvi-

so) qcevisa moepovebaT, magram gramatikuli Sinaarsis Tvalsaz-

risiT amgvar gagebas ar (resp. aRar) Seicaven. magaliTisamebr:

iTvli-s (gaiTvala, gauTvlia) grdm.

gadaiTiTvli-s (gadaiTvala, gadauTvlia {TavisTvis}) grdm.

sub. qc. g a d a T v l i s zmnisa

gamoiTiTvli-s (gamoiTvala, gamouTvlia) grdm. sub. qc.

gaicineb-s (gaicina, gaucinia) grdm.

gaiRimeb-s (gaiRima, gauRimia) grdm. sub. qc. g a a R i -

m e b s zmnisa

iRviviZeb-s (gaiRviZa, gauRviZnia) grdm.

daiZineb-s (daiZina, dauZinia) grdm. sub. qc. d a a Z i n e b s

zmnisa

qarTul gramatikul literaturaSi amgvar faqtebs ara-

erTgzis mihqcevia yuradReba. akaki SaniZe msgavs formebs

`ufunqcio~ an `formalur~ saTavisos (Sesabamisad _ sasxvi-

sos) uwodebs.

rogorc masala warmoaCens, TavisTavad qcevaTa amgvari

`cru~ gamoxatvis SemTxvevebi erTgvarovani ar aris. SeiZleba

gamoiyos ramdenime qvejgufi:

1. formebi, romelTac saopozicio neitraluri qceva saer-

Tod ar moepoveba da `neitralizebuli~ sasubieqto qcevis

forma ikavebs mis adgils: ga-i-azreb-s, ga-i-angariSeb-s, ga-i-me-

oreb-s... ga-i-Zaxeb-s, ga-i-xmob-s...

2. formebi, romelTac sapirispiro neitraluri qcevis

formebi moepoveba, magram SinaarsiT igivea, rac neitraluri

(sasubieqto) formebi: iwvevs (awvevs), {da}ipatiJebs ({da}hpati-

Jebs), {ga}iTvlis (gaTvlis)... {ga}iqnevs, {ga}ignebs, {ga}ikvlevs

da misT.

3. qcevis saopozicio calebi arsebobs, magram isini Sinaar-

sobrivad (ZiriTadi Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT) erT sibrtyeSi

ar mdebareobs, `acdenilia~: gaicinebs, gaiRimebs, gaiGviZebs,

daiZinebs... ukuqceviTobis gaZliereba aq saerTod obieqtis

`STanTqmas~ iwvevs. sxva funqcionalur sibrtyeSi SeiZleba isi-

ni srulfasovan qcevis formebad warmogvidges. Sdr.: ga-a-ci-

neb-s _ ga-i-cineb-s (Tavs) _ ga-u-cineb-s (is mas guls)...

4. formebi, romelTa erTi (upiratesi) gramatikuli Sina-

arsi vnebiTis semantikas utoldeba: gaifrens (gaufrens), gaiw-

krialebs... gaibraxunebs, gaijaxunebs... gaiamindebs, gaiaprilebs...

sxvagvar funqcionalur opoziciaSi am formaTa saqcevo

potencia realizebulia. Sdr.:

a-a-fren-s _ (buzcsac ar) a-i-fren-s _ (ofofebs)

a-u-fren-s

ga-a-tylaSuneb-s _ (maTraxs) ga-i-tylaSuneb-s _ ga-u-

tylaSuneb-s...

qeglis axal redaqciaSi aris mcdeloba, rom, erTi mxriv,

Tanamimdevruloba iqnes daculi qcevis `cru~ formaTa warmo-

dgenisas, xolo meore mxriv _ diferencirebulad iqnes warmo-

dgenili qcevis `cru~ da realizebuli variantebi.

`afxazur-rusuli leqsikoni~ (2005 w., soxumi). igi moicavs 30

aTasamde sityva-statias, masSi Setanilia dialeqturi, sasaub-

ro, moZvelebuli sityvebi, neologizmebi, aseve afxaz muhajir-

Ta metyvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli leqsika da e. w. `tyis

ena~. maT Soris gvxvdeba 100-ze meti qarTvelizmi, romelic wi-

na leqsikonebSi Tu qarTvelur-afxazuri leqsikuri urTier-

Tobebisadmi miZRvnil samecniero naSromebSi ver moxvda.

v. kaslanZias leqsikonSi warmodgenili ucnobi qarTvelu-

ri masala saSualebas iZleva axleburad gaSuqdes sesxebis mi-

marTuleba, qronologia, nasesxebi leqsemis cxvivebis savarau-

do etapebi.

moZiebuli masala dayofilia ramdenime nawilad:

1. axali fonetikuri variantebi, romlebic sxva leqsiko-

nebSi ar gvxvdeba:

a-zaraba `ziareba~ _ a--zareba (janaSia); a-kampàr `jonjo-

li~ (< megr. kampapari) _ a-qampàr (Sayrili); a-kànTx `kuTxe~

(< megr. kunTxu) _ a-kàndxà (janaSia); a-RaRaWia `kiborCxala~

(< megr. RaWaWaWia) _ a-daRaWia (janaSia)...

2. yvelaze did nawils Seadgens sityvebi, romlebic sxva

leqsikonebSi ar gvxvdeba da mkvlevrebis yuradRebis miRmaa da-

rCenili:

a-banZR½ `skandali~ < banZRi (megr.) `davidaraba, aliaqo-

Ti~; a-bakan `afxazuri saxlis dire~ < bokoni `moris boZebi,

romelzedac dayrdnobilia ficxuli saxlis sasaZirkvle dire-

ebi~; a-bàrzal `orlesuli Subi~ < borzazali (megr.), boZaZali

(qarT.) `orwvera isari~; a-kadac `qacvi~ < kvadaci (megr.)

ma na na

bu kia

`qacvi~; a-Íambal (abJ.) `martoxela, oboli~ < boli (megr.)

`oboli~; a-qàfa `konusis formis kalaTi Tevzis dasaWerad~ <

qarTveluri leqsika v. kaslanZias `afxazur-rusul

leqsikonSi~

qarTvelur-afxazuri enobrivi urTierTobebis kvleva sa-

ukuneze met xans iTvlis da soliduri literaturiT aris

warmodgenili, magram gasakeTebeli jerac bevria.

qarTvelur-afxazuri lingvokulturuli urTierTobebis

kvlevisTvis axal saintereso masalas iZleva v. kaslanZias

8

qufe (megr.) `frinvelis, cxovelis dasamwyvdevi galia~; a-

xarial (abJ.) `qolera~ < xoriale (megr.) `qolera~

3. kompozitebi, romlis Semadgenel nawilebi sxva leqsi-

konebSi gvxvdeba, magram axal leqsikur erTeulad pirvelad v.

kaslanZiasTanaa warmodgenili:

a-kakansàZbal `nigvzis sawebeli~ < a-kakan `kakali~, a-

sàZbal `sawebeli~; a-margàltama `atmis jiSi~ < marguguli

(megr.) `Savi qliavi~, a-tama `atami; a-Cày tala `farisebri

jirkvali~ < a-Cày `Ciyvi~, a-Íatala < otole (megr.) `jirkvali~.

4. sityvas axali, manamde ucnobi mniSvneloba SeuZenia:

papanwyàr `gaiZvera~ (bRaJba) _ `1. jojoxeTi, qveskneli,

2. saSineli, Znelad misaRwevi adgili, 3. saSineleba~ (kaslan-

Zia). Sdr. panwyvi / wyvili (megr.) `wyliani ormo; sa-

SiSi gube Znelad gadasasvleli; saxifaTo gza, adgili~; a-

Rlavm `Rlavi~ (janaSia) _ `udidesi Zalis mqone zRapruli ar-

seba~ (kaslanZia).
erTi SexedviT, msgavs winadadebebSi TiTqos ramdenime

qvemdebarea, romelTac Tav-Tavisi Semasmenlebi miemarTeba:

oriveni CaCumdnen, oriveni imeorebdnen; mec viwvi, mec vitan-

jebi; is naTlavs, is zrdis, is hkvebavs... amis mixedviT dasaxe-

lebuli tipi Tanwyobili winadadebebia. SeiZleba ki es CavTva-

loT parataqsad? vfiqrobT, am winadadebebSi qvemdebareebi

mxolod gameorebaa, leqsikuri datvirTva aqvs da ara- grama-

tikuli. sinamdvileSi aq mxolod erTi qvemdebare gvaqvs, ro-

melsac miekuTvneba Semasmenlebi. amitom isini Serwymuli wina-

dadebebia.

Tea

bur y u la Ze

rac Seexeba iseT winadadebebs, sadac qvemdebare meordeba

nawilakdarTuli saxiT, maT damoukideblad isedac ver ganvixi-

lavT, radgan aseTi formebi gulisxmobs imas, rom amgvarive si-

erTi tipis taqsusuli wina debis Sesasaxeb

parataqsul wyobaSi gvxvdeba iseTi tipis winadadebebi,

romelTa komponent winadadebaTa Sesakvrelad romelime wev-

ris ganmeorebasTan gvaqvs saqme: `oriveni daCumdnen, oriveni

darwmundnen~ (ilia); `me glexkacs guSindeli bavSviviT ki ar

Sevxari, me vsinjav, me vCxrekav~ (ilia).

tyva pirvel winadadebaSia, misi axsna amis gareSe ar xerxdeba.

mag., `ufalman momca da ufalmanca mimiRo~. amitom, calke da-

moukidebeli qvemdebareebis saxiT maTi ganxilva ar gamodgeba

da Sesabamisad, verc parataqsSi gavaerTianebT.

saenaTmecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom Serwymu-

li winadadeba zogjer momdinareobs rTul Tanwyobil winada-

Salva

gab eskiria

debaTagan. amis nimuSad mohyavT aseTi tipis winadadebebi: `da

meoreman SeirTo igi da mokuda igica~; `ganiR‚Za ioseb Zilisa

misgan da yo egre..da wariyvana man coli T‚si~ (kiziria,1953).

msgavsi magaliTebi axal qarTulSic gvaqvs:

`oriveni CaCumdnen da oriveni mainc kidev gaocebulni

imeorebdnen ocnebaSi guSindels saocars ambavsa~ (ilia); `mec

viwvi, mec vitanjebi~ (yazb.); `yvela saqveyno saqmes is naTlavs,

isa zrdis, hkvebavs~ (javax.); `mxolod man gaswia Teimurazis av-

bediTi uReli, man gaiziara misi Wiri da varami~ (javax.).

miRebuli TvalsazrisiT, gameorebuli qvemdebaris amoRe-

biT (rac ekonomiis Sedegia) gvrCeba Semdegi saxis Serwymuli

winadadebebi: oriveni CaCumdnen da mainc kidev gaocebulni

imeorebdnen ocnebaSi guSindels saocars ambavsa; mec viwvi, vi-

tanjebi; yvela saqveyno saqmes is naTlavs, zrdis, hkvebavs....

10
enaTmecnierul-istoriuli mosazrebebi

bagrationTa samefo dinastiis

warmomavlobis Sesaxeb

samecniero literaturaSi gaziarebuli Tvalsazrisis mi-

xedviT, qarTuli samefo gvareulobis samSoblo istoriuli

saqarTvelos provincia speria da maTi bibliuri mefe daviTis-

gan warmomavlobis gadmocemas istoriuli safuZveli ar gaaCnia.

moxsenebaSi gvarsaxel bagrationis etimologiasa da dinas-

tiis warmomavlobaze sxva mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli. qarTvel

mefeTa gvaris amosavali saxelis – bagratis, iseve rogorc ba-

kuris, iranuli warmomavlobis versia ar marTldeba. SesaZloa,

isini speris SavizRvispira zolSi mcxovreb beqirTa satomo

saxels ukavSirdebodes.

11

berZeni istorikosebis cnobiT, `ricxvmravali beqirebi~,

`beqirTa usazRvro miwa~; `navsadguri beqirikosi, elinuri qa-

laqi beqiriasi~ (periplusi). beqir-Si, iseve rogorc sxva eTno-

nimebSi (biZeri, filiri, ekeqiri), SeiZleba, er-/ir eTnofor-

manti gamoiyos. beqirebis saxels ukavSirdeba Turqul enebsa

da sparsulSi `spilenZis~ mniSvnelobiT cnobili sityvebi.

beqiris zanur variant *baqir-ze -a formantis darTviT

(Sdr. kax-a, rus-a, afSil-a, afxaz-a) miRebulia mamakacis an-

Troponimi baqra (XIV s.), am ukanasknelisagan ki nawarmoebia

gvarsaxelebi baqraZe da barqaia.

bagrationTa sxva sayvareli saxelebis msgavsad (aSoti,

sumbati, bivrati) WanurisTvis damaxasiaTebeli mkveTri t-s da-

rTvis Sedegad gvaqvs bagrati. aseve baqir/baquris abruptiviani

nairsaxeobaa bakuri.

moxsenebis avtoris azriT, SesaZloa, Semowmdes qarTveli

gvirgvinosnebis daviT winaswarmetyvelTan istoriuli kavSiris

versia:

bagrationebis bibliuri mefisgan momdinareobaze weren:

konstantine porfirogeneti, sumbat daviTis Ze, movses xosena-

ci da sxvebi.

qarTvelTa winaprebis – xeTebis mefe daviTis zeobis peri-

odSi (Zv. w. 1010-970 ww.) palestinaSi binadrobis faqti. cno-

bilia mefe winaswarmetyvelis xeTebTan siaxlove. israelis me-

fis laSqarSi mravalad iyvnen xeTi meomrebi. mefe daviTma ara-

Tu gadmocemuli sazrisi sworia, maSin qarTveli saWeT-

myrobelebis bibliur daviTTan kavSirs istoriuli safuZveli

gaaCnia da Sesabamisad qarTvel bagrationTa dinastias daaxlo-

ebiT 28 saukunis istoria aqvs.

ÄËÉÓÀÁÄÃ ÂÀÆÃÄËÉÀÍÉ

ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÈÀ ÂÀÍÀßÉËÄÁÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ

áÌÏÅÀÍ×ÖÞÉÀÍ ÓÀáÄËÄÁÈÀÍ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÓáÅÀ ÁÒÖÍÅÄÁÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀ-

ÅÄÁÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉÒÜÄÅÀ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÈÀ ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏÅÍÄÁÉÈ, ÒÀÝ ÂÀÍÐÉÒÏ-

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ÌÓÀÆÙÅÒÄËÈÀÍ (ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓ ÂÀÒÃÀ) ÚÅÄËÂÀÍ ÃÀÊÀÒÂÖ-

ËÉÀ. ÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÃÀÌÏÖÊÉÃÄÁËÀà ÁÒÖÍÄÁÉÓ ÃÒÏÓ ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÉÓ -Û

ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ.

ÈÀÍáÌÏÅÍÉÓ ßÉÍÀ áÌÏÅÍÄÁÉÀ: -À, -Ä, -É, -Ï ÃÀ -Ö. ÜÀÌÏÈÅËÉËÉ

áÌÏÅÍÄÁÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉÚÏÓ: ÂÒÞÄËÉ, ÌÏÊËÄ,

ÖÌËÀÖÔÉÀÍÉ, ÖÖÌËÀÖÔÏ ÃÀ ÖÌËÀÖÔÉÀÍÉ ÂÒÞÄËÉ.

ÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÈÀ ÄÒÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÉ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀË

meelTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad xeTebTan diplomatiuri zavi

ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÀÃ ÌÉÉÜÍÄÅÓ -ÉÛ

ÓÖ×ÉØÓÓ. ÌÉÓÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÓ ×ÖÞÄÓÈÀÍ

dado, uria xeTeli sabrZolvelad gagzavna da Semdeg mis col-

ze daqorwinda, romlisganac SeeZina solomoni. Sdr. qarTuli

samefo gvareulobis `daviTian solomonianad~ moxsenieba.

mefe daviTis mSobliur beniaminis tomSi aris qarTuli eT-

nonimuri da Teoforuli anTroponimebi: bexeri, roSi, ardi –

dabadeba T. 46,21. bexeri da roSi eTnonimebia: beqiri da rusi

(Sdr. e-ruS-eT-i, Zveli qarTuli piris saxelebi: rusi da ru-

sa), xolo ardi, romelic urartulSi mnaTobTa RvTaebis mniS-

vnelobiTaa cnobili, daculia rogorc oikonimebSi arTvini,

arTaSeni, gvarsaxelebSi (ardiSvili, ardia), aseve qarTul si-

tyva ardadegSi: `ardadegi ars, ra mkaTaTveSi mze lomze Se-

vals, vidre mis gamocvlamde ocdaaTi dReni~ (saba).

12

ÛÄáÅÄÃÒÉÓÀÓ, ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÀÈÀ ÌÉãÍÀÆÄ, ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊ-

ÖÒÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÄÁÉÓ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄÏÁÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÀÃ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ

ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÉÓ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖË ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÄÁÓ ÅÉÙÄÁÈ.

ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ

ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓ ÆÏ ÊÉËÏ-ÈØÌÀÛÉ -À ÁÏËÏáÌÏÅÍÉÀÍ ÓÀáÄËÄÁÈÀÍ ÌÏ-

ÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ -ðÛ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÉÓ ÍÀÝÅËÀà ÖÖÌËÀÖÔÏ -ÀÛ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ, ÌÀÂ.:

ÝáÖÌ., ÁÄÜ. ÃÉÍÀ, ÍÀÈ. ÃÉÍ-ÀÛ, ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ., ËáÌ. ÃÉÍ-ðÛ `ÂÏÂÏÓÉ";

ÝáÖÌ. ÑÉÍÀ, ÍÀÈ. ÑÉÍ-ÀÛ, ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ. ÑÉÍ-ðÛ `ÞÄÒÀÓÉ"; ÝáÖÌ., ÁÄÜ.

ËÀÒÃÀ, ÍÀÈ. ËÀÒÃ-ÀÛ, ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ. ËÀÒÃ-ðÛ.

ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ ÖÌËÀÖÔÓ ÀÒ ÄØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÀ ÀÌÀÅÄ ÊÉËÏ-

ÈØÌÄÁÛÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÁÏËÏ -Ï áÌÏÅÀÍÉ, ÌÀÂ.:

13

ÝáÖÌ., ÁÄÜ. ÓÀÁàÏ, ÍÀÈ. ÓÀÁàÏ-Û, ÛÃÒ. ÖÌËÀÖÔÉÀÍÉ ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ.

ÓÀÁàæ-ÄÛ (< ÓÀÁàÏ + ÉÛ) `ÓÀÁàÏÓÉ"; ÝáÖÌ., ÁÄÜ. ÁÄÓÏ, ÍÀÈ. ÁÄÓÏ-Û,
nas konkretul SemTxvevaSi raime morfo-fonologiuri safuZ-

veli ar gaaCnia).

ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ. ÁÄÓæ-ÄÛ (< ÁÄÓÏ + ÉÛ) `ÁÄÓÏÓÉ"; ÝáÖÌ. ÁÄÜ. ÀÁÀÍÏ,

mag.:

v-wer

ÍÀÈ. ÀÁÀÍÏ-Û, ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ. ÀÁÀÍæ-ÄÛ (< ÀÁÀÍÏ + ÉÛ) `ÀÁÀÍÏÓÉ"...

ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ -Ö'ÓÀ ÃÀ -É'ÆÄ ÃÀÁÏËÏÄÁÖË ÓÀáÄËÄÁÓ, ÉÓÉÍÉ

wer-s.

v- prefiqsis CamoSoreba v-wer formas pirveli piris ga-

ÌÈÄËÓ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÛÉ ÃÀÉÒÈÀÅÄÍ -ðÛ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×Ó,

gebas daukargavs, iseve rogorc

-s sufiqsis CamoSorebiT dai-

ÌÀÂ.: ÔÖÍÖ-ðÛ `ØÏÈÍÉÓ", âÖÒÖ-ðÛ `áÅÒÄËÉÓ", ÌÖÛÂæÒÉ-ðÛ `ÓÔÖÌÒÉÓ",

ÁéÂÉ-ðÛ `ÌÀÂÀÒÉÓ", ÒÀÝ ÂÅÉÀÍÃÄËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ.

kargeba mesame piris gageba. igive iTqmis obieqturi prefiqsebis

Taobazec:

ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÁÏËÏ -Ï, -Ö

áÌÏÅÍÄÁÓ -ÉÛ

m-xatavs, gv-xatavs

ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÉÓÄÖËÉ áÌÏÅÀÍÉ ÀÖÌËÀÖÔÄÁÓ ÃÀ ÌÉÙÄÁÖË Ï+É > æÄ, Ö+É >

g-xatavs.

æÉ

ÊÏÌÐËÄØÓÉÓÄÖË áÌÏÅÍÄÁÓ ÀÂÒÞÄËÄÁÓ. ÛÄÃÄÂÀà ÂÅÀØÅÓ -ëÛ, -ìÛ

m- da gv- prefiqsTa CamoSoreba zmnur formebs pirveli

ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÄÁÉ, ÌÀÂ.: ÀÁÀÍæ-ëÛ `ÀÁÀÍÏÓÉ", ÓÀÁàæ-

ëÛ `ÓÀÁàÏÓÉ", ÔîÍæ-ìÛ `ØÏÈÍÉÓ", âîÒæ-ìÛ `áÅÒÄËÉÓ"...

ËÀÛáÖÒÛÉ ÁÏËÏ -Ï, -Ö áÌÏÅÍÄÁÉ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ

ÂÒÞÄËÃÄÁÉÀÍ, ÌÀÂ.: Ï + É (< ÉÛ); ÀÁÀÍ-íÛ `ÀÁÀÍÏÓÉ", ÁÄÓ-íÛ `ÁÄÓÏÓÉ"...

ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÛÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÓ ×ÖÞÉÓÄÖËÉ áÌÏÅÍÉÓ

ÌÏÌÃÄÅÍÏà ÚÅÄËÀ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ -ÎÛ (<-ÉÛ) ÀËÏÌÏÒ×É ÉÜÄÍÓ ÈÀÅÓ, ÌÀÂ.:

obieqturi piris gagebas daukargavs, g- s CamoSoreba _ meore

obieqturi piris gagebas.

SevniSnavT: fonetikur niadagze gauCinarebuli v- prefiq-

sis kompensacias konteqsti axdens.

Sesabamisad, v-, -s, m-, g-, gv- afiqsebi piris niSnebia.

h- da s- prefiqsTa viTareba sxvagvaria. samecniero lite-

ÃÄÍð-ÎÛ

`ÂÏÂÏÓÉ", ÈáÄÒÄ-ÎÛ

`ÌÂËÉÓ", ÌÖÛÊðÒÉ-ÎÛ

`ÓÔÖÌÒÉÓ",

raturaSi miCneulia, rom `me-2 piris subieqturi niSani aris h

àÏÍÔÏ-ÎÛ `ÅÀÒÉÊÉÓ", ÔÖÍÖ-ÎÛ `ØÏÈÍÉÓ"...

ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÛÉ ÀÒÓÄÁÖËÉ ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÀ ÌáÀÒÓ ÖàÄÒÓ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ

ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀË ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÀà -ÉÛ ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÉÓ ÌÉÜÍÄÅÀÓ.

ÉÒÊÅÄÅÀ, ÒÏÌ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÈÀ ÌÒÀÅÀË-

×ÄÒÏÅÍÄÁÀÓ ÂÀÍÀÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÈÀ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÀÈÀ ÌÉãÍÀÆÄ

ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÄÁÉ.

an misi bgerinacvali~ (a.SaniZe), igulisxmeba s-. aseve, `me-3

irib-obieqturi piris niSani aris h, an misi bgerinacvali~

(a.SaniZe), igulisxmeba s-.

meore subieqtur pirSi Sesabamis garemocvaSi h- da s-

warmodgenilia, Tumca xSirad ar Cans formaSi (mosalodnel

fonetikur situaciaSic), amis gamo normis mixedviT ar aris

savaldebulo h- (s-) prefiqsTa dacva subieqturi meore piris

formebSi. Tumca paradigma amgvarad gamoiyureba:

v-qsov v-cxovrob

gi or gi

go go laS vi li

qsov || h-qsov cxovrob || s-cxovrob

qsov-s cxovrob-s

meore subieqtur pirSi prefiqsTa qona-arqona subieqtur

h- da s-- prefiqsTa funqciisaTvis qarTulSi

h- da s- prefiqsebi qarTulSi piris niSnebad gaiazreba.

ra aris piris niSani?

_ piris niSani aris is afiqsi, romelic zmnis pirian

formaSi konkretul pirs miemarTeba; am niSnis gareSe zmnuri

forma Sesabamisi piris gagebas kargavs (Tu piris niSnis arqo-

14

pirze miniSnebis TvalsazrisiT arafers cvlis.

igive unda iTqvas mesame iribobieqturi piris gamoxatvis

TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad imisa, normis mixedviT Sesabamis fo-

netikur garemocvaSi prefiqsebi warmodgenili unda iyos, pa-

radigma aseT saxes iRebs:

m-paravs m-Zuls

g-paravs g-Zuls

15
h-paravs || paravs

s-Zuls || Zuls

golaSvili, arn. Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi XXI, 2010) da, meore

gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom h-/s- prefiqsebi xSirad `aR-

niSnavs~ pirdapir obieqts, sadac normis mixedviT araa saWiro:

m-klavs m-wvavs

g-klavs g-wvavs

klavs || h-klavs wvavs || s-wvavs

Rirssacnobia is faqtic, rom h-/s- prefiqsebi gvxvdeba er-

Tpirian zmnebSic (III piris formebSi), sadac maT morfologiu-

ri funqcia ar gaaCniaT:

v-yivi v-tiri
yivi (|| h-yivi) tiri (s-tiri)

mxriv, qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi dadasturebuli araerTi va-

rianti h-/s- prefiqsebisa (ix. g. gogolaSvili, XXX dialeqto-

logiuri samecniero konferencia, 2010) gvafiqrebinebs, rom

axal qarTulSi aratradiciulad unda moxdes am prefiqsTa

funqciebis gaazreba (ufro stilistikur-semantikuri Tvalsaz-

risiT).

yivi-s || h-yivis tiri-s || s-tiri-s

faqtia: axal qarTulSi piris niSanTa sistemaSi h- da s-

tariel

gurgeniZe

prefiqsebi ar aris morfologiurad tolfasi sxva piris niS-

nebisa; zmnis formaSi misi mqoneoba ar aris morfologiurad

Sepirobebuli (aucilebeli piroba).

principuli gveCveneba Zveli qarTulis viTarebac: zed-

sarTavis ufroobiTi xarisxis formebSi da inian vnebiTebSi x-

/h- (xanmet da haemet teqstebSi) prefiqsTa arseboba dadastu-

rebaa imisa, rom maTi funqcia mxolod pirze miniSneba araa.

sannarev periodSi rom aRar gvaqvs es prefiqsebi zedsarTaveb-

sa da inian vnebiTebSi, fonetikis `bralia~; umjojobes da iyo

formebSi iseve ivaraudeba nulovani alomorfi, rogorc uke-

Tebs da emaleba formebSi...

Zvel qarTulSi sagulisxmoa II subieqturi piris brZane-

biTis formaTa Cvenebac; gavixsenoT:

Txr.: s-Tqu. h-kiTxe. brZ.: Tqu! kiTxe!

pirvel SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs prefiqsebi, meoreSi _ ara,

Tumca pirianobis TvalsazrisiT maT Soris sxvaoba ar aris.

yovelive zemoTqmuli dadasturebaa imisa, rom saanalizo

prefiqsTa morfologiuri funqcia ar aris mxolod konkre-

tul pirze miniSneba arc istoriulad da arc amJamad; misi

mqoneoba zmnur formaSi ar gulisxmobs konkretuli piris

(subieqturisa Tu obieqturis) arsebobas.

erTi mxriv, is faqti, rom klasikosi mwerlebi principu-

lad moiTxoven am prefiqsTa dacvas im SemTxvevebSi, sadac

normis mixedviT maTi arseboba araa gamarTlebuli (ix. g. go-

16

ierarqiuli mimarTeba gramatikul klasebs Soris

andiuri enis monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT xunZuri enis-

Tvis aRadgenen 4-klasovan sistemas:

mx. r. mr. r.

c1 v-aw´ad-av ... *v-aw´ad-al С1

c2 -aw´ad-a ... * -aw´ad-al С2

c3 b-aw´ad-ab ... *b-aw´ad-al С3

c4 *r-aw´ad-ar ... r-aw´ad-al С4

`sufTa~, `wminda~

Semogvaqvs pirobiTi aRniSvnebi ci (resp. Ci).

`zogadi wesi~ (t. gurgeniZe 1984) saSualebas gvaZlevs da-

vadginoT ierarqiuli mimarTeba p da h simboloebs Soris: Tu

p ⋀ p = P da h ⋀ h = H, xolo p ⋀ h = P, maSin p > h (anu, ierar-

qiul struqturaSi p ufro maRla dgas, vidre h). Tuki p ⋀ h = H,

maSin h > p; da bolos, Tu p ⋀ h ≠ P, da p ⋀ h ≠ H, maSin sa-

Wiro gaxdeba damatebiTi kriteriumebis Semotana (tranzitu-

lobis Tviseba, diaqroniuli neitralizaciis gaTvaliswine-

ba...). p da h simboloebi erTmaneTs ⋀ `da~ operatoriT ukav-

Sirdebian. Caweris gamartivebis mizniT ⋀ operatori SeiZleba

gamovtovoT, anu, SemoklebiT gveqneba ph [(p ⋀ h)-is nacvlad].

amosaval oTxklasian sistemaSi martiv c1, c2, c3, c4 simbo-

loTa orwevra kombinaciebi, Cveni varaudiT, ase aRiniSneboda:

17

{c1c1, c1c2, c1c3, c1c4} = C1;

am SemTxvevaSi Ia etapze diaqroniuli neitralizaciis momentis

{c2c2, c2c3, c2c4} = C2;

I etapi

gaTvaliswinebiT c4 unda iyos gabatonebul mdgomareobaSi da-

{c3c3, c3c4} = C3;

{c4c4} = C4.

`zogadi wesis~ mixedviT gveqneboda:

narCeni (c1, c2, c3) simboloebis mimarT: c4 > c1, c4 > c2, c4 > c3

(t. gurgeniZe 2010). Ia etapidan martivad moxdeboda gadasvla

III etapze (IV gramatikuli klasis gaqrobis Sedegad).

Tu c1c1 = C1

Tu c1c1 = C1

Tu c1c1 = C1

Tu c2c2 = C2

Tu c2c2 = C2

da

da

da

da

da

c2c2 = C2, xolo c1c2 = C1, maSin

c3c3 = C3, xolo c1c3 = C1, maSin

c4c4 = C4, xolo c1c4 = C1, maSin

c3c3 = C3, xolo c2c3 = C2, maSin

c4c4 = C4, xolo c2c4 = C2, maSin

c1 > c2;

c1 > c3;

c1 > c4;

c2 > c3;

c2 > c4;
Tu vivaraudebT, rom amosaval sistemaSi `zogadi wesi~ ar

moqmedebda da C1, C2, C3, C4 formebiT mxolod erTklasovani

(cici saxis) kombinaciebi aRiniSneboda, maSin araerTklasovani

(mravalklasovani) cicj saxis kombinaciebisTvis damatebiTi *C5

formis arsebobac unda davuSvaT:

Tu c3c3 = C3

da

c4c4 = C4, xolo c3c4 = C3, maSin

c3 > c4

{c1c1} = C1

{c1c2, c1c3, c1c4} =

anu, amosaval sistemaSi (I etapze) ierarqiuli struqtura

aseTi iyo:

{c2c2} = C2

{c3c3} = C3

{c2c3, c2c4} = *C5

{c3c4} =

Ib etapi
c1 > c2 > c3 > c4

IV gramatikuli klasis gaqrobis Semdeg am klasSi Semavali

sityvebi gadavidnen III klasSi, xolo c4c4 kombinaciis gamoxatva

ikisra C3 formam. ganviTarebis am safexurze gveqneboda:

{c4c4} = C4

IV gramatikuli klasis moSlis Semdeg ufunqciod darCenilma

C4 formam Secvala *C5 da Tavis Tavze aiRo araerTklasovani

(mravalklasovani) kombinaciebis aRniSvna:

{c1c1, c1c2, c1c3} = C1

{c1c1} = C1

{c1c2, c1c3} =

{c2c2, c2c3} = C2

C4

II etapi

{c2c2} = C2

{c2c3} =

C4
IIa etapi

{c3c3} = C3

II etapze C1, C2, C3 formebis paralelurad ixmareba ufunqciod

darCenili C4 forma. Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT C4 formas, maSin

`zogadi wesis~ mixedviT II etapze aseTi ierarqiuli struqtu-

{c3c3} = C3

C4 formis mier specifikuri C1, C2, C3 formebis gandevnis Sede-

gad advilad moxdeboda IIa etapidan III etapze gadasvla.

Teoriulad aseTi amosavali sistemis daSvebac SeiZleba:

ra ivaraudeba: c1 > c2 > c3. da bolos, TandaTan gandevna ra pa-

{c1c1} = C1

{c1c2, c1c3, c1c4} =

raleluri

C1, C2, C3 formebi, III etapze C4 nebismieri kombina-

{c2c2} = C2

{c2c3, c2c4} =

C4

Ig etapi
ciis aRmniSvnel erTaderT formad mogvevlina:

{c1c1, c1c2, c1c3} =

{c3c3} = C3

{c4c4} = C4

{c3c4} =

{c2c2, c2c3} =

{c3c3} =

C4

III etapi

am SemTxvevaSi c4c4 kombinaciis aRmniSvneli C4 forma paralelu-

rad aRniSnavda nebismier araerTklasovan (mravalklasovan)

Tu davuSvebT uSualod I etapidan momdinare Ia sistemas,

kombinaciasac. Ig etapze `zogadi wesis~ mixedviT c4 > c1,

c4 >

sadac C1, C2 da C3 formebi gamqralia da SemorCenilia erTad-

c2,
c4 > c3; xolo c1,

c2 da c3

simboloebs Soris amave wesiT

erTi C4 forma, romelic nebismier kombinacias aRniSnavs

ver davadgenT ierarqiul mimarTebas. IV gramatikuli klasis

{c1c1, c1c2, c1c3, c1c4} =

{c2c2, c2c3, c2c4} =

{c3c3, c3c4} =

{c4c4} =

C4

Ia etapi

moSlis Semdeg moxdeboda Ig etapidan IIa etapze gadasvla, sai-

danac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, advilia III etapze gadasvla.

zemoT warmovadgineT ganviTarebis oTxi varianti:

... # 1

I – II – III
18

... # 2

19

Ib – IIa – III

Ig – IIa – III

... # 3

... # 4
wyevlos RmerTma eSmaki da misi monawilec~; `dalaxvraT Cemma

gamCenma~; `gouwyra magaT Cemi gamCeni~; `gagagona dambadebelma

Cven upiratesobas vaniWebT # 1 variants, romlis mixedvi-

Tac `zogadi wesi~ moqmedebda amosaval sistemaSi (I etapze) da

Sualedur safexurzec (II etapze).

araferi, Cemi darigeba Sen ver geigone~; `daswyevla da mospo

mama zecierma~...).

personaJebi iwyevlebian RmerTis moxseniebis gareSec.

aseT SemTxvevebSi sityvaTa myari Sexamebis saxelur komponen-

tebad ZiriTadad dasturdeba: miwa (`Tqven gagiwydaT miwa~...),

xeli (`moispo Tqveni xeli~...), rjuli (`amovarda magaTi

Ta mar

va Sa ki Ze

rjuli~...), Tavi (`magas gouskda Tavi~...), Tvalebi (`magas do-

udga Tvalebi~...) da sxv.

wyevla-muqaqaris, ficisa da locvis formumule

d. kldiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi

saqarTvelos erT-erTi didi provinciis adekvaturad

asaxvisas d. kldiaSvili gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas aniWebs per-

sonaJTa metyvelebas. ekonomikuri uZlurebis mZafri gancda

SeigrZnoba gmiris TiToeul sityvasa Tu winadadebaSi (dia-

logsa Tu monologSi).
damakninebeli cxovrebis oromtrialSi Cabmuli adamiane-

bis tragedia yvelaze naTlad maTsave saubarSi mJRavndeba. am

mxriv saintereso Cans wyevla-muqaris, ficisa Tu locvis for-

mulaTa Seswavla-analizi. `jafas nayofi ara aqvs... Tavs veRar

vrCenulobT, welSi vwydebiT muSaobiT, mara ara gamodis ra...~

_ es aris mizezi d. kldiaSvilis personaJTa wyevlisac, muqa-

risac, locvisac...

wyevla-muqara Tu fici, rogorc erTgvari Sveba (Tu Tav-

dacvis saSualeba), xolo locva, rogorc gansacdelisagan sa-

imedo TavSesafari, mwerlis personaJebisaTvis yoveldRiuri

cxovrebis atributad qceula.

gamwarebuli da dabeCavebuli (xSirad gaborotebuli)

adamianisaTvis wyevlis aRmsruleblad moiazreba ufali, ro-

melmac, maTi sityvebiT, unda dalaxvros, mospos, gawyvitos,

SeaCvenos adresati (is, vis mimarTac wyevla warmoiTqmis). ma-

wyevarisagan ki dauzogavad iwireba da ilaxvreba eSmakic, ada-

mianic, rjulic, saxl-karic, dReca da saaTic (`daswyevla

RmerTma is dRe, roca mag oxeri im jagebSi dasaxlda~; `das-

20

zogjer wyevlis formulaSi (romelic rTuli qvewyobili

winadadebiT gadmoicema) isic Cans, Tu ris gamo, ra saqcieli-

saTvis iwyevlebian umweo mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili adamianebi

(`aoxrda Tqveni patroni, ravarc aqauroba aaoxreT~; `moispo

Tqveni patroni ise, ravarc es Cemi naSromi mospeT da gaaq-

reT~...).

wyevlas kidev ufro amZafrebs erTi da imave sityvebis

gameoreba (`Tqveni sikvdili, Tqveni ar gadarCena, Svilo,

Tqveni ar gadarCena~; `Tqven gauwydiT Tqvens patrons, Tqven~;

miwa dageyaraT gasawyvetlebs, miwa~; `Sen dagewva es Tavi, Sen

dagewva es gverdebi, es, es~; `Sen dagewva sicocxle, Se wyeu-

lis Svilo, Sen dagewva suli da xorci~; `erT dResac ga-

wyvetitilan yvela, visac ar vebralebiT, yvela erT dRes ga-

wyvetitilan~...).

gmiris gausaZlisi mdgomareoba, wuxili Tu satkivari

xSirad oxvriTa da muqariT gamoixateba. aseT SemTxvevebSi Ta-

vad personaJi gvevlineba moqmedebis iniciator-Semsruleblad:

`visganaa, erTi macodina eg yvelaferi? visganaa Semzadebuli,

manaxa, rom am xelebiT suli gavacxebino, wiTlad SevRebo, ena

amovglijo Zirianad, ox me, ox me!~ an kidev: `me ovuxel Tva-

lebs, Tu kaci var; macadeT, male yvelas gagiCenT muxlebSi

kankals! male!~

zogjer fici da muqara erTmaneTs erwymis: `Cems moxuce-

bulobas vficav, marines rom cudi rame SeamTxvioT, verc deda

da verc Svili cocxali ver gadamirCebiT~ (Tumca Zalagamole-

ul da uimedo aznaurebs arc ficisa da arc muqaris aRsru-

leba ar ZaluZT).

21

ificebian d. kldiaSvilis gmirebi yovel wuTsa da wams,

ificebian daufiqreblad, gaucnobiereblad, ificebian tyuil-

ma ka

TeT ra Ze

sa da marTalze: ificeben RmerTs (`RmerTs vficavar, gasaoc-

rad dagSvendeba~...), mSoblelebis suls (`Sen srulad wagebuli

ar iqnebi, dedis suli ar wamiwydes~...), Zmoba- gobro

(`Zmobas vficavar, me vnanob, ratom Sevebi mag saqmes~...), col-

Svils (`Sen ar momikvde... col-Svili ar damexocos~...), saku-

Tar Tavs (`me ar movkvde, besarion, Sen ase iafad ver iSovo

siZed misTana ymawvili~...). aseTive gatacebiT aficeben sxvebsac

(`Sens col-Svils gaficeb, im Sens sayvarel qaliSvils gafi-

ceb, romlis bednierebas ase mwared eCqarebi, xom aravin Semo-

gZlevia am dReebSi?~), magram aragulwrfelia maTi fici... eWvs

iwvevs...

`gmadlob ufalo!~ _ xSirad imeoreben d. kldiaSvilis

personaJebi SemaZrwunebeli SiSisagan TavdasaRwevad. gaitanen

dRevandel dRes uimedod darCenili aznaurebi Tu amowydebi-

an? gaumklavdebian gausaZlis SimSilsa da siRatakes Tu daiq-

cevian samudamod? _ isini uZlurni arian, am kiTxvebze pasuxi

gascen an raime moimoqmedon umweo mdgomareobidan Tavis da-

saRwevad. maT es ar xelewifebaT, maTi Sroma-wvaleba uSede-

goa. am gaWirvebas mamazecierma unda mixedos. `amazedac gmad-

lobo~ _ amitom imeoreben ase xSirad isini, Tumca am sityveb-

Si wyena metia, vidre madliereba.

axla ukve Svela-gadarCenas (da ara vinmes mospoba-ganad-

gurebas) sTxoven isini gamCens (`RmerTma yovelive mwuxareba

gaSoros~; `RmerTma pirnaTlad gamyofos~; `RmerTma Seni Tavi

micocxlos~; `RmerTma giwinamZRvros~...). maTs vedrebas kidev

ufro aZlierebs erTi da imave sityvebis ramdenjerme gameoreba

(rogorc es wyevlis dros iyo): `RmerTma mogces, Svilo,

RmerTma mogces~; `RmerTma gagaxaros, Seni Wirime, RmerTma

gagaxaros~; `RmerTma nu dagiviwyos, Svilo, yovelive sikeTe,

RmerTma nu dagiviwyos~... Tumca maTi locvac xSirad aragul-

wrfelia.

iwyevlebian, imuqrebian, ificebian da ilocebian

d. kldiaSvilis personaJebi _ sasowarkveTilni, umweoni, uqo-

nelni... gaufasurebulia maTi saqmec da sityvac.

22

bacbur erTmarcvlian CV da VC tipis saxelur fuZe-

Ta klasisifikaciisaTvis

1.bacburSi saxelur fuZeTa ganxilvisas gamoiyo VC da

CV tipis erTmarcvliani fuZeebi Semdegi nairsaxeobebiT: a)

VC, VgrC, VdC, VCC, VdCC, VCCC. amave tipSi SeviyvaneT Vn

saxis sami fuZe, romlebic aRidgenen fuZis bolo Tanxmovans.

VC tipis sul 27 fuZe gamoiyofa, romelTa umetesoba nases-

xeb sityvebad iTvleba. am tipis fuZeTa nairgvarobas qmnis er-

Ti mxriv, anlautis xmovani, romelic Tavisi bunebiT SeiZleba

iyos: martivi, grZeli an difTongi, meore mxriv ki, auslau-

tis Tanxmovankompleqsebi, romlebic ZiriTadad orwevraa (11)

da erTi qarTulidan Sesuli VCCC tipis fuZe _ `anwl~.

2. CV tipis erTmarcvliani fuZeebi warmodgenilia Sem-

degi nairsaxeobebiT: sakuTriv cali Tanxmovnisa da xmovnis

erTobliobiT, sadac sada xmovnis (24) garda fuZe SeiZleba

bolovdebodes nazalizebul xmovanze (17), difTongsa (15) da

grZel xmovanze (2). aseve erTmarcvlaini fuZis anlautSi SeiZ-

leba warmodgenili iyos ori an sami Tanxovani erTad. sul

CV tipis (CV, CVgr, CVn, CVd, CCV, CCVn, CCCV, CCCVn) 85

struqturuli erTeuli daviTvaleT, sadac aseve umravlesoba

nasesxebi saxelia.

3. Sedarebis mxriv CV tipis fuZeebi, romelTa auslau-

ti sada xmovniTaa warmodgenili, bacburi enis ZiriTad leqsi-

kur fonds miekuTvneba. fuZeebs eZebnebaT Sesatyvisebi sxva

naxur enebSi. rac Seexeba nazalizebuli xmovniT daboloebul

fuZeebs, isini SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT: 1. qarTulidan (an

qarTulis gziT) Sesuli CVS tipis bolokidura sonoriT

warmodgenili fuZeebi, romlebic CV tipis gamxdaran bacburi

enis bunebidan gamomdinare. 2. fuZeebi, romelTac sxva naxur

enebis masalasTan Sepirispirebisas fuZis bolos aRudgebaT

Tanxmovani.

specialur literaturaSi aseve ganxilulia CVd tipis

fuZeebi, romelTa rekonstuqciisasac CVC tipi aRdgeba (r.

gagua, l. sanikiZe). amgvarad, CV tipis fuZeTa gaanalizebisas

23
amosavlad isev am tipis struqtura mxolod erTeul saxeleb-

Si aRdgeba.

`ZoRan xelqmnilsa giWvretdi kubosa Sigan mjdomia,

manda yvelai masmia, raca Sen gardagxdomia~ (378,4).

4.CV

da VC tipis fuZeebSi warmodgenili Tanxmovankom-

`vefxistyaosnis~ aT xelnawerSi (FIJKLORTZY) mandas

pleqsebi Semdeg nairgvarobebs gvaZlevs: a) is orwevra kom-

pleqsebi, romlebic qarTulidan Sesul fuZeebs daucavs: aus-

lautSi _ CS, CSp, SpSp, anlautSi _ SSp, CS, SpSp, SpC, SpS. b)

sakuTriv bacbur saxelebSi warmodgenilia Semdegi orwevra

Tanxmovankompleqsebi: auslautSi _ SC, CSp, anlautSi _ SpC,

CSp, CC (1).

samwevra kompleqsebi mxolod nasesxeb saxelebSia dacu-

li sxvadasxva mimdevrobis TanxmovnebiT, Tu ar CavTvliT

enacvleba `aqa~, es faqti Cveni SemTxvevisTvis sagulisxmo vara-

udis gamoTqmis SesaZleblobas iZleva: gamodis, rom V saukune-

Sica da Sua saukuneebSic mandas SeiZleboda hqonoda `aq~

zmnizedis mniSvneloba.

Zvel teqstebSi manda metwilad dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT

ixmareboda: `nu STahvardebi wyalsa magas Sida, rameTu borot

arian mƒecni ege, romelni iyofian manda Sida~ (`wameba  wmidi-

sa Teklasi~); `hrqua mas dedakacman man: `ra gnebavs, Semoved

`fstu~ saxels, sadac istoriulad orwevra kompleqsi

gamoiyofa.

SpC

da mauwye me, xolo me manda ara moval~ (ioane mosxi, `limona-

ri~); `hrqua mas kacman man, romelman mimiyvana me: `Semoslva

gunebavs manda, gangჳRe da SemovideT~. miugo kacman man Sinaga-

niT da hrqua: `vervin maTgani Semovals adgilsa amas~ (iqve).

zogierT SemTxvevaSi mandas Tanabrad SeiZleba miesadagos

vax tang

im na iS vi li

rogorc `mand~, ise `aq~ zmnizedebi, zogan ki ufro advilia

mandas mniSvnelobis calsaxad dadgena, radgan teqstSi pirda-

piri dapirispirebaa aqa da manda zmnizedebisa: `miuZRჳn Rmer-

Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikidan

8. manda

sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikonSi ganmartebulia: `mand

_ magave adgils~.

`qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ mixedviT, `mand,

manda niSnavs: `im adgilas, sadac imyofeba is piri, romelsac

mimarTaven~.

rogorc wesi, manda araa axsnili Zveli qarTulis leqsi-

konebSi (maT Soris Zvel teqstebs darTul leqsikonebSic). mi-

iCneven, rom mas uZveles ZeglebSi dRevandeli mniSvneloba

hqonda da, amdenad, gansamartavi araferia.

`SuSanikis wamebaSi~ aris aseTi adgili: `da Cuen-Ra amas

ganvizraxevdiT, movida yrma erTi da Tqua: `iakob manda ar-

sa?~ da me varqu: `ra ginebs?~ da man mrqua: `uwess pitiaxSi~.

ratom ar SeiZleba, varsqenis mier gamogzavnil kacs ekiTxa:

`iakobi aq aris?~ gana es ucnaurad JRers?

analogiuri SemTxveva gvaqvs `vefxistyaosanSi~:

24

Ti amaT aqeT da manda~ (`moqceva qarTlisa~); odes-igi gamo-

xuediT simravle qalaqisa da eZiebdiT RmerTTa maT TquenTa,

... maSin me manda viyav (iqve b). ufro Zvel a redaqciaSia: maSin

me mun viyav~.

amaT gverdiT gvxvdeba iseTi magaliTebi, romlebSic manda

zmnizedas dRevandelis sapirispiro gageba aqvs da `aqa~ Seesa-

tyviseba: qvemoT moxmobili yvela nimuSi mandas WeSmariti

mniSvnelobis dasadgenad Sedarebulia berZnul, germanul da

rusul teqstebTan. ase rom, orazrovneba aq gamoricxulia:

`maSin movida iesu dabasa mas, ... da hrqua maT: dasxediT

manda vidremde mivide iqi da viloco~ (maTe 26,36); `hrqua maT

mose: degiT manda da vismino, ra-Zi brZanos ufalman Tqu-

enT‚s~ (ricxuTa 9,8); `hrqua abraham monaTa T‚sTa: dasxediT

manda karaulsa Tana da me da yrma ese warvideT vidre iqimde

da Tayuanis-vsceT da movaqcioT Tquendave~ (dabadeba 22,5.

asea A da S xelnawerebSi. C da B xelnawerebSi ki mas sinoni-

muri `aqa~ cvlis: `dasxediT aqa~); gety‚ Tquen WeSmaritad:

`arian vinme manda mdgomareTaganni, romelTa ara ixilon gemo

25

sikudilisa, vidremde ixilon sasufeveli RmrTisa~ (luka

9,27); `aw daadgeriT manda Tquenca Ramesa amas da vcna, ra

SesZinos ufalman Tqumad Cemda momarT~ (ricxuTa 22,19 ge-

laT); `hrqua mose ZeTa gadisTa da ZeTa rubenisTa: Zmani Tqu-

enni vidodin brZolad da Tquen hsxdeT manda?~ (ricxuTa

32,6 gelaT); `hrqua iesu mowafeTa TჳsTa: dasxediT Tquen man-

da wuT erT, vidremde mivide da Tayuanis-vsce~ (markoz 14,32).

ukanaskneli nimuSi latalis xelnaweridan aris damowmebuli.

sxva xelnawerebSi, maT Soris adiSur redaqciaSic, manda ar

gvxvdeba. Sesatyvis adgilas iq gvaqvs: `dasxediT aqa~.

es magaliTi metad sayuradReboa. Cans, IX saukunis miwu-

rulisTvis, roca qarTul oTxTavebs Soris erT-erTi yvelaze

xnovani adiSis saxareba gadaiwera, mandas xmarebas dRevandeli

mniSvnelobiT safuZveli moerya (bunebrivia, Tavdapirvelad ze-

pir metyvelebaSi, Semdeg ki werilobiT ZeglebSic), raki adi-

Sis redaqciis gadamwerma igi `aqa~-Ti Secvala. safiqrebelia,

rom im droisTvis zogierTi Zeglis gadamwerma xeli ar axlo

mandas da es forma ucvlelad, Zveli saxiT datova. sxvebma ki,

mandas omonimur bunebas rom SecdomaSi ar Seeyvana mkiTxveli,

Tavi aarides am orsaxa zmnizedas da kargad gakvaluli gziT

amjobines am meryeobisTvis moevloT _ erTxel da samudamod

aqa daamkvidres.

gracSi dacul erT X saukunis xelnawers Semounaxavs

iovane-zosimes anderZi: `wmidano mamano, SemindveT. amis Jamis-

wirvisa dedasa mravali gangeba da locvebi da sityuebi ak-

lda TaviTgan vidre dasasrulamde, viTa me vicode moZRuarTa-

gan da CemTa JamiswirvaTa Sina ewera da ver diad Cemisa guli-

sa iyo. xolo vin weriebda vedreboda friad, raTa

ra magas Sina sweria, igia oden damiwereo. aw igia  oden

damiCxrekia diad gulisklebiTa, yoveli daklebuleba Cemi Se-

mindveT, RmrTisaT‚s~. zogi gadamweri, albaT, ar emorCilebo-

da am brZanebismagvar vedrebas da, miuxedavad daJinebuli mo-

Txovnisa, mainc Tavisi Tanadrouli formebiT cvlida misi az-

riT moZvelebulebs.

maSasadame, Zvel qarTulSi mandas hqonda rogorc mand,

aseve, SedarebiT iSviaTad, magram mainc, aqa zmnizedis mniSvne-

lobac. roca enaSi erTi sityva or sxvadasxva cnebas gadmo-

26

scems, erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebels, aRreva rom ar moxdes, es

orsaxovneba unda moiSalos, moispos. Cvens SemTxvevaSic, vfiq-

rob, ase moxda. erT sityvaSi Cadebuli ori erTmaneTis sapi-

s.-qarTv. *susx-//*SuSx- > qarT. susx-i `mZafri, mwvave si-

cive _ yinva~, da-susx-av-s `auwvavs (kans _ WinWari); daazrobs,

dawvavs (susxi, yinva _ mcenares); da-SuSx-av-s `dawvavs (pirs,

rispiro Sinaarsis gasamijnavad

manda

odnav saxecvlilili

enas... cxare rame); igivea, rac dasusxavs~; (gur.) da-SuSx-v-a

formiT, bolokiduri a-s mokveciT, magram Zveli SinaarsiT

SemorCa enas, xolo pirveli piris siaxlovis maCveneblad axa-

li sityvis Semotana enaSi saWiro aRar gamxdara, radgan masSi

odiTganve iyo damkvidrebuli saTanado Sinaarsis Semcveli

zmnizeda aqa.

`dasusxva, kanis daxeTqva sicivisa an qarisgan~, (imer.) SuSx-i

`Zlier Savi, damwvari~, SuSx-ia `WinWari~, Sdr.: (qegl.) SuSx-s

miscems (saubr.) `gaujavrdeba, datuqsavs, Seaxurebs~ (> SuSx-i

(fS.) `SiSi, morideba~ _ SiSx-aT-i (gur.) `daSineba simkac-

riT~?); (n. Cubin., d. Cubin.) sisx-a, sisx-am-i `Semwveli sicive~ :

bask. suski-tu `yinvisgan xelebisa da fexebis gaSeSeba (?); setyvis

mier bostneulis ganadgureba~;

s.-qarTv. *farcx- > qarT. farcx-i `iaraRi xnulis

le van

ke la u ra Ze

beltis dasaSlelad, miwis gasafxviereblad~; zan. (megr.) bucx-

a/bircx-a `frCxili~, (laz.) bucx-a `frCxili, focxi~; svan. la-

f@cx-ir, la-fcx-ir... `focxi~, na-facx, na-facx-E..~nafarcxi~ :

erToqarTvelur harmoniul kompleqsTa

SesatKvisobaTaTvis buruSulsa da baskur enebSi

im saerToqarTveluri harmoniuli kompleqsebis fardad,

romelTa pirveli wevric sibilantia (ZR, cx, Cq, Sx, Sq...), bu-

ruSul da baskur enebSi (inlautsa da auslautSi) Sesabamisi

rigis sibilanturi spirantisa da yru araaspirirebuli vela-

ruli xSulis kompleqsebi (bur. sk, k, bask. zk, sk) vlindeba.

magaliTebi:

s.-qarTv. *buCq- > qarT. buCq-i : bur. mu k `tye, tevri,

ekalbardi~, muṣqu `foTliani totebi (moWrili, cxvris sakve-

bad)~ : bask. muskil `1. ylorti; rto; 2. nayofi, mosavali~; mo-

skildu `tevri, xSiri buCqnari~ (Sdr. brauni 1998);

s.-qarTv. *zizR-//*sisx-//*wiwk- (?) > qarT. zizR-eb-a (saba)

`Wama eavos~, sisx-i (n. Cubin., d. Cubin.) `xusturi, sianCxle;

каприз~; zan. (megr.) wiwk-i `azizi; zizRiani; wunia~; svan. sisg,

sisk `zizRi, siZulvili~ (?) : bask. siska `kaprizi, axireba~, xix-

ka `cudi ganwyoba; usiamovneba, zizRi, Suri...~;

s.-qarTv. *laZR-//lazR- > qarT. lanZR-v-a `gineba~, lazR-

andara `ulazaTo, uxamsi oxunji~... : bask. (b., zn.) lazka `areu-

loba; konfliqti~, lazkatu `areva~, lazkeria `uxeSoba (sityviT an

qmedebiT)~;

27

bur. phask `farcxi~;

s.-qarTv. *cocx-//c1oc1x- > qarT. cocx-i (saba) `mosagve-

li~, (n. Cubin.) `balaxi, romlisagan Seiqmonen sagvelsa; ewode-

ba TÂT mas sagvelsaca~; (d. Cubin.) `mcenare, romlisagan Seiqmo-

nen sagvelsa; an TviT sagveli~; zan. (megr.) cocx-i `caxi (= ba-

laxeuli kona an foTlebiani fiCxi, romelsac udeben abreSu-

mis Wias parkis gasakeTeblad)~; [megr.] (dadasturebuli aWa-

rulsa da gurulSi) CorCx-i, CorCx-v-a; svan. C@Cx, CeCx `cocxi~

: bask. (zn., qn.) zuzki, (b., qn.) izuzke, izuzki, (b., qn.) itzuski, (b., g.,

zn.) isuski, (b.) itsuski, itxuski, xuxki `cocxi~;

s.-qarTv. *w1yal- > qarT. wyal-ob-a, Se-wyal-eb-a; zan.

(megr.) Wyol-of-u-a `wyaloba~ : bask. esker, eskar `madliereba;

(viRacis, raRacis) wyalobiT; qvelmoqmedeba, saCuqari; RvTaeb-

rivi madli~ (furne 1989).

28

ci ci no

kvan ta li a ni

kidev erTi patara dazusteba: sakmaod xSirad amokleben

wminda formas. weren: wm. orgi wm. rebebeli wm. ciqu

wminda da wmida formamaTa nacvle bisasaTvis

bolo ramdenime welia wminda da wmida formebi aRreulia.

erTmaneTis gverdiT gamoiyeneba wminda _ wmida da am fuZidan

nawarmoebi formebi: wmindani _ wmidani, yovlad wminda _

yovlad wmida, suliwminda _ suliwmida, uwmindesi _ uwmi-

desi da sxva.

Tanamedrove qarTulis viTareba aseTia: sasuliero litera-

turis garda, yvelgan gamoiyeneba wminda, Sesabamisad, wminda-

lebi. Cveni azriT, aseTi Semokleba ar aris mizanSewonili,

erTgvar uxerxulobasac ki iwvevs. vfiqrobT, wminda forma

srulad unda iwerebodes. wm. aris wamis Semoklebuli forma.

ori sxvadasxva sityvis erTnairi daweriloba ki sworad ar mi-

gvaCnia. Tanac wminda isedac patara sityvaa da misi srulad

dawera sirTules ar warmoadgens.

ni, uwmindesi, yovlad wminda formebi.

wmida forma umetesad gamoiyeneba sasuliero literatura-

guCa

k v a r a c x e l i a, l e v a n

vaSakiZe

Si. weren: wmida mebi wmida mowame, wmida giorgi, wmida

nodi uwmidesi wmidadanad racxa da sxva.

Cveni azriT, umjobesia wmida, wmidani, yovlad wmida da

msgavsi formebi gamoyenebuli iyos citatebSi, Tu is wminda

werilidan an sxva religiuri xasiaTis Txzulebidan iqneba mo-

yvanili, radgan Zvel qarTulSi ase iyo. danarCen SemTxvevaSi

ki gamoviyenoT n-sonoriani formebi: wminda, wmindani, yovlad

wminda. e.i. vweroT axali qarTuliT, Zveli qarTulis formebi

ki gamoviyenoT citatebSi.

vfiqrobT, saWiroa kidev ramdenime dazusteba. qarTuli

enis orTografiul leqsikonSi suliwmidaa mocemuli. dRevan-

deli viTarebidan gamomdinare, albaT SeiZleba paraleluri

formis daSveba. liwmin forma ukve farTod aris gavrce-

lebuli. liwminda/suliwmida formebis Tanaarseboba dasaS-

vebad migvaCnia.

rac Seexeba yovlad wminda formas, vfiqrobT, es ukve ga-

kompozitebulia da msgavsad suliwmidisa SeiZleba erTad iwe-

rebodes: ladwminda.

wmidaTa wmmidas SemTxvevaSi ki albaT umjobesia es forma

iseve iwerebodes, rogorc aris orTografiul leqsikonSi:

wmidaTa wmida. marTalia, n-sonoriani formebic sakmao sixSi-

riT gamoiyeneba, magram jerjerobiT wmidaTa wmida formac mya-

rad inarCunebs Tavis upiratesobas.

29

biZina foCxuas Tezaurusi, rogorc qarTuli enis

Sinaarsobrivi planis paradigmatuli modeli

prof. b. foCxuam cxovrebis ukanaskneli 15 weli qarTuli

enis ideografiuli leqsikonis Sedgenas miuZRvna. man martom

Seasrula uaRresad masStaburi samuSao im pirobebSi, roca

leqsikografiuli masalis avtomaturi mopovebisa da damuSave-

bis araviTari saSualeba ar arsebobda CvenSi. mecnierma kargad

icoda, rom amgvari leqsikonis dasruleba da gamocema erTi

adamianis SesaZleblobebs aRemateboda. igi werda: `ideografi-

uli leqsikonis Sedgena-gamocema kidec rom dagviandes, karto-

Teka mainc gauwevs daxmarebas maT, visac Tanamedrove qarTuli

enis leqsikaSi – rogorc igi warmodgenilia qeglSi – moe-

surveba ama Tu im TemasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebis gacnoba~.

da marTlac, wlebis manZilze gauwevia es daxmareba Cveni ko-

legebisaTvis `masalebs qarTuli ideografiuli leqsikonisa-

Tvis~ – ase uwodebda Tavis namoRvawars avtori.

uSualod Tezaurusis Seqmnas win uZRoda b. foCxuas ma-

RalRirebuli da Cvens sinamdvileSi unikaluri naSromebi,

rom araferi vTqvaT mis monografiaze (`qarTuli enis leqsi-

kologia~, 1974), romlis Sesaxebac Tin. SaraZeniZe werda: `es

SinaarsiT uaRresad datvirTuli naSromi, Tanabari uflebiT

SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT rogorc Teoriul enaTmecnierebas, ise

30

qarTuli enis leqsikologiis sferos... es monografia Tamamad

gauwevs metoqeobas evropul enebze daweril saukeTeso leqsi-

ro man

lo lua

kografiul gamokvlevebs~. moyvanili Sefaseba ganvlilma aT-

wleulebma daadastura.

biZina foCxuam Tavis mier Seqmnili sinoptikuri sqema daudo

safuZvlad qeglis mTeli masalis sistematizacias. Sedegad mivi-

ReT Tezaurusi, romelSic eqspliciturad asaxulia leqsikur

erTeulTa Soris paradigmatuli semantikuri kavSirebi – saerTo

Tematur Tu sazrisul maCveneblebTan dakavSirebuli sityvebis

gaerTianeba velebSi. amave gziT ganisazRvreba TiToeuli leqse-

mis adgili sazrisTa sistemurad organizebul kontinuumSi.

mniSvnelovania gaixazos, rom am saerToenobriv TezaurusSi yove-

li sityva Sepirispirebulia mTels leqsikonTan da misi gansa-

zRvra SesaZlebelia qarTul enaSi gamoxatul mniSvnelobaTa

sruli moculobis safuZvelze: yoveli sityva xasiaTdeba im se-

mantikur velTa erTobliobiT, romelSic igi Sedis. rogorc vxe-

davT, Tezaurusuli meTodiT sityvis mniSvnelobaTa aRwera gan-

sxvavebulia qeglSi mocemuli aRwerisagan, romelic leqsikur

mniSvnelobaTa komponentur analizs ufro misdevs.

biZina foCxuas gardacvalebis (1981 w.) Semdeg zogadi enaT-

mecnierebis ganyofilebam gamosacemad moamzada da dabeWda `Ta-

namedrove qarTuli enis ideografiuli leqsikoni, I~ (redaqto-

rebi: l. abulaZe, l. enuqiZe, m. maWavariani, T. SaraZeniZe – mT.

redaqtori), sadac warmodgenilia aracocxali bunebis, mcena-

reebisa da cxovelebis amsaxveli leqsikis ideografiuli daxa-

siaTeba. es samuSaoc `manualuri wesiT~ Sesrulda da misi gan-

xorcieleba warmoudgenlad Sromatevadi aRmoCnda. rom ara

redaqtorTa uangaro enTuziazmi, gardacvlili kolegis didi

pativiscema da siyvaruli, SesaZloa wigns verc exila mzis si-

naTle.

dRes viTareba Secvlilia im TvalsazrisiT, rom b. foCxu-

as sinoptikuri sqemisa da misive xeliT qeglSi Setanili ko-

duri sistemis avtomatizebis gziT Seqmnilia leqsikonis eleq-

tronuli samuSao versia saZiebo programiTurT (l. vaSakiZe),

rac Semdgom muSaobas sagrZnoblad gaaadvilebs.

moxsenebis bolos warmodgenili iqneba aRniSnuli eleq-

tronuli versia.

31

kavkasiis albanuri anbanis aso-niSanTa raodenonobis

dadgenisasaTvis

cnobilia kavkasiis albanuri anbanis mxolod ori avTentu-

ri da, safiqrebelia, sruli nusxa. isini warmodgenilia: XV s. ma-

tenadaranis (eCmiaZinis) #7117 xelnawerSi, romelic 1937 wels

eCmiaZinSi il. abulaZem moiZia da XVI s. aseve somxur xelnawerSi,

romelic iqna aRmoCenili 1956 wels aSS-Si armenolog a. qurdi-

anis mier. ukanaskneli nusxa #7117 xelnawerSi warmodgenili

albanuri anbanis asli unda iyos. aRsaniSnavia, rom orive nusxa-

Si aso-niSanTa raodenoba 52-s Seadgens, Tumca albanur palim-

fsestSi mxolod 49 aso-bgera gvxvdeba [giperti, Sulce, aleqsi-

Ze, mae 2009: II 4-6]. aqedan, SesaZleblad gvesaxeba matenadaranisa

da a. qurdianis xelnawerTa 46 grafemis identifikacia palim-

fsestis Sesabamis niSnebTan (3 niSnis grafikuli identifikacia,

Cveni azriT, garkvevas moiTxovs), xolo erTi aso-bgerac (#32

`ja~ ) dasturdeba kavkasiis albanur epigrafikaSi, kerZod

warweraSi #2 kramitis natexze.

gr a fi t i # 2 k ra mi t is na t e x z e sayuradReboa sxva

kuTxiTac. s. muraviovis azriT, warwera warmoadgens albanuri

anbanis fragments (#29-33), magram aRniSnavs, rom grafitis

avtorma #32 aso-bgeris magier SecdomiT gamosaxa masze #34

[muraviovi 1981: 280-281].

Cven viziarebT s. muraviovis mosazrebas, Tumca, vfiq-

robT, rom warweris avtors ar dauSvia Secdoma. Cveni azriT,

matenadaranis nusxaSi es grafema damaxinjebuli saxiT gvxvdeba

_ (#32): sakmarisia avwioT misi marcxena kauWi, rom mivi-

RoT warweris me-4 grafema. aRniSnuli niSani ar SeiZleba Ca-

iTvalos albanuri anbanis #34-d (d). igi ar aris TavSekruli

32
da damatebiTi marjvniv mimarTuli xazi aqvs.

unda vivaraudoT, rom im WurWelze, romlis natexic

SemogvrCa, gamosaxuli iyo albanuri anbani mTlianad. gamomdi-

nare iqidan, rom natexze pirveli niSnis win carieli adgilia,

SesaZlebelia, rom masze warmodgenili anbani gayofili iyo

monakveTebad. mainc ramden grafemiani monakveTebi gvqonda? Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom pirveli grafema albanuri anbanis

lo meore niSani gaxsnili zeda rgoliT xasiaTdeba. aseve, Cve-

ni azriT, SeuZlebelia warweris me-5 niSnis identifikacia

rogorc #42 r aso-bgerasTan (r) [abramiani 1964: 58-59], ise

#43 k niSanTan ( ) [klimovi 1967: 78].

#29-s warmoadgens, win unda gvqonoda 28 aso-bgera an SesaZ-

loa meti, magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi naklebi. es mosazreba

emyareba im faqts, rom matenadaranis xelnawerSi, sxva alfabe-

qe Te van

mar gi a ni - su ba ri

tebis gadmocemisas ar gvaqvs arc erTi SemTxveva zedmeti niS-

nis Camatebisa (garda arabulisa, sadac orjer meordeba erTi

da igive aso-bgera), daklebis SemTxvevebi ki xSiria. 28 iyofa

2-ze, 4-ze, 7-ze da 14-ze. amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom

TiToeuli monakveTi 5-6 grafemaze naklebi ar SeiZleba yofi-

liyo (natexze gamosaxul niSanTa raodenoba). aqedan gamomdi-

nare, dalagebis principi unda yofiliyo 28X2, 14X4 an kidev

7X8 da jami iqneba 56. SesaZlebelia, bolo monakveTi yofiliyo

nakluli, magram Cven savaraudod mainc viRebT 55-56, Sdr. z.

aleqsiZis Tvalsazriss: `albanur teqstSi grafemaTa saerTo

raodenoba unda yofiliyo 54-56~ [aleqsiZe 2003: 151]; a. abra-

mianic miiCnevda, rom somxur, qarTul da berZnul alfabetTa

analogiiT, sadac ricxviTi mniSvnelobebis gadmocemis mizniT

aso-bgeraTa raodenoba iyofoda 9-ze, albanurSic unda gvqo-

noda 54 grafema [abramiani 1964: 34].

samecniero literaturaSi sxvagvari Sexedulebac gamoiT-

qva am warweris wakiTxvis Sesaxeb, mag., SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom

a. abramiani warweras Semdegnairad kiTxulobs: maRaè `ubadru-

ki~ [abramiani 1964, 58-59].

g. klimovis wakiTxvaa: manas[e] (sakuTari saxelia,

mkvlevris azriT) [klimovi 1967: 78].

v. Sulce ase kiTxulobs: mana[k] (sakuTari saxeli ?)

[Sulce 2005: 18].

ver gaviziarebT aRniSnul mosazrebebs: warweris me-2 da

me-4 niSnebi SeuZlebelia albanuri anbanis #1 a a aso-bgerad

miviCnioT. es niSnebi moxazulobiT gansxvavdebian: pirvel Se-

mTxvevaSi grafemas zedmeti, marjvniv mimarTuli xazi aqvs, xo-

33

subkategoriaTa omonimiisa da maTi mantikuri

urTierTmimarTebisaTvis svanur enaSi

erTi da igive zmnuri forma, fraza an winadadeba zoga-

di lingvistikis poziciebidan sxvadasxva konteqstSi SeiZleba

iyos evidencialuri (morfosintaqsuri kategoria) an admira-

tiuli (semantikuri kategoria), rac ganpirobebulia im faq-

tiT, rom am kategoriebisTvis ZiriTadi baza saerToa _ per-

feqtul dro-kiloTa formebi. am TvalsazrisiT svanuri gamo-

naklisi ar aris _ is (iseve, rogorc danarCeni qarTveluri ene-

bi) miekuTvneba im enaTa ricxvs, romlebSic perfeqti srulad

aris ganviTarebuli, funqciurad datvirTulia da rTulia

zRvris gavleba evidencialobis kategoriasa da semebs Soris,

radgan isini umetesad erTsa da imave zmnur formebs iyeneben.

am kuTxiT admirativis gansakuTrebuli siaxlove ikveTeba

iseT evidencialebTan, rogoricaa: konkluzivi, inferentivi da

gadmocemiToba. maTi, rogorc teqsturi kategoriebis, urTierT-

gamijvna SesaZlebelia mxolod am fenomenTa arsisa da zogad

lingvistikaSi miRebuli interpretaciebis srulad gaTvalis-

winebiT konteqstis farglebSi.

iribi evidencialoba aucileblad gulisxmobs mTqmelis-

Tvis informaciis wyaros arsebobas, am informaciis arapirda-

pir aRqmulobas, Tumca es wyaro SeiZleba iyos rogorc sxva

piri (SesaZloa, impersonaluric), aseve Tavad subieqtis

(mTqmelis) goneba-cnobiereba-mexsiereba, ris safuZvelzec ake-

Tebs igi garkveul daskvnas da gvawvdis mogvianebiT gaTavisebu-

li (da ara movlenis Tanadrouli) informaciis saxiT.

34
admiratiuli mniSvnevnelo ki gulisxmobs, rom mTqmeli

Tavad aris informaciis mflobeli, informacia asaxavs saqmis

obieqtur viTarebas da aris sruli (am TvalsazrisiT admira-

tiuloba erTiandeba pirdapirevidencialobasTan). aRqmis pir-

dapiroba-iribobasTan erTad, am modalobebis gasamijnavad gan-

sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is detali, rom `admiratiuloba

SeiZleba aRvweroT mxolod rogorc obieqturi dvilis

gamovlena (aRmoCena) tyvelelebis momentSi. admiratiulobi-

sa da pirdapirevidencialobis opozicia ki SeiZleba aRiweros

rogorc `mzaoba/aramzaoba aRqmisTvis~ (kozinceva). admiratiu-

li mniSvnelobis SemTxvevaSi `informacia mTqmelisTvis axalia

da ar aris integrirebuli miseul samyaros suraTSi~ (dele-

si). misi semantika umetesad dakavSirebulia gakvirvebis gamo-

xatvasTan swored Tqmis momentSi.

ase magaliTad: winadadeba petre J' sipa (`petre waqceu-

la~)! admiratiulia, Tu mTqmeli Tavad waadga Tavs waqceul

petres; Tumca igive teqsti iribevidencialuria sxva situaci-

ebSi: a) konkluziuria Tu mTqmeli movlenis Semswre ki ar

aris, aramed SeamCnia, rom petres talaxiani tansacmeli acvia

da am faqtis ganzogadebiT akeTebs daskvnas; b) gadmocemiTia,

Tu mTqmeli mas sxvisgan miRebul (gagonil...) informaciad

gvawvdis.
†ˆjˆ `TeTri~; †ˆ `naTeli~ (es Ziri calke ar ixmareba) +

sufiqsi jˆ.

¬¶ˆwa `Savi~, `muqi~ (a. abregovi am fuZes ase aanalizebs

¬¶°– `feri~ + pw– `Savi~.

ƒar– `Savi~, romelic gamoiKeneba tKavis feris aGsaniSna-

vad, Turqulidan aris nasesxebi (Sdr. Turq. qara `Savi~, `muqi~).

Ÿag°ˆs¶°– `ruxi~ (Ÿag° `ruxi~ + s¶°– `feri~).

3. qromatuli ferebidan, adiGeurSi speqtris Svidi feri-

dan gvxvdeba sami feri.

G°–jˆ `KviTeli~, `narinJisferi~; am sitKvis G°ˆ `gaSroba~,

`gaxmoba~, `gamxmari balaxis feri~. q. lomTaTiZis mixedviT, am

sitKvis pirveli nawili ukavSirdeba qarTul Kv-s sitKvaSi

KviTeTeli; j _ derivaciuli sufiqsia.

S´xant– `mwvane~, `cisferi~; `ruxi~. adiGeuri enis ganmar-

tebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT, es termini qromatulTan erTad

aqromatul fersac gamoscems, rac udaod sainteresoa da

adiGeuri enis Taviseburebas warmoadgens.

termini ƒaS´x°ˆ `cisferi~, `lurJi~, `mwvane~ (Sdr.: S´x°ˆ

`mwvane~), farTo semantikuri veliT xasiaTdeba. saKuradGeboa,

rom analogiuri viTareba gvaqvs megrulSi da qarTuli enis

zog dasavlur dialeqtSi (e. i. `mwvane~ da `lurJi~ feri erTi

sitKviT aGiniSneba).

flÀˆjˆ `wiTeli~; flÀˆ `wiTeli~ + sufiqsi j. flÀˆ damo-

ukideblad ar ixmareba. g. rogava saanalizo fuZeSi gamoKofs

gaqvavebuli klasis niSans f-(<b-) da lÀˆ `sisxli~ Zirs.

ko ba

mi Tag va ria
toladSerwKmuli fuZeebis mqone kompozitia `narinJisfe-

ris~ aGmniSvneli termini G°ajˆˆ--S´–flÀ: G°–jˆ `KviTeli~ + S´–

ferTa aGmniSvneli leqsisikis riTaTadi terminebi

adiGeur enaSi

1. ferTa aGmniSvneli terminologia Koveli enis leqsiku-

ri fondis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia.

adiGeur enaSi, ferTa aGmniSvneli sitKvebis iseTi simrav-

le ara gvaqvs, rogorc _ qarTulSi.

2. aqromatuli ferebis (`TeTri~, `Savi~, `ruxi~) aGmniSvne-

li Zireuli sitKvebi adiGeurSi kompozitebia (Sdr. qarTulis

viTareba).

35

flÀ `vardisferi~, rac aSkarad gviandeli movlenaa.

4. nairgvari elferis aGmniSvneli Kvela sitKva nawarmoe-

bia (kompoziti Tu derivati).

a) aqromatuli ferebi

†ˆjˆbz `qaTqaTa TeTri~, bz sufiqsis meSveobiT gadmoice-

ma aGmatebiTi xarisxi.

…ag°ˆS– `metismetad ruxi~, ueyvelad kompozitia.

–jas¶°– `nacrisferi~; –ja `nacari~ + s¶°– `feri~

36
y´apw– `muqi~, `muqi nacrisferi~, `muqi lurJi~ esec kompo-

ziti unda iKos.

ress iwvevs sityva `aldadati , romelic aqve axsnilia, rogorc

daumkvidrebeli, gaudaburebuli da mariliani miwa. sxva Se-

sˆrˆ†

`Gia nacrisferi~, miiCneva Turqul nasesxobad

mTxvevaSi

aldadatis sinonimi _ ` rilovani mowodebulia

sari

`naTeli~) (a. Sagirovi).

b) qromatuli ferebi

G°ajˆbz `xasxasa KviTeli~; G°ajˆ `KviTeli~ + sufiqsi bz

gadmoicema aGmatebiTi xarisxi.

G°a sxva kompozitebSi aGniSnavs `wiTurs~ (mag. S´ˆG°a `wi-

Turi~ cxenis Sesaxeb).

…ˆcˆs¶° `mwvane~; …ˆcˆ `balaxi~ + s¶° `feri~ (Sdr. megr.

doloSferi `mwvane~, `balaxis feri~).

flÀˆjˆbz `xasxasa wiTeli~; flÀˆjˆ `wiTeli~ + sufiqsi bz.

dˆs¶–s¶°ˆ `oqrosferi~; dˆs¶– `oqro~ + s¶°ˆ `feri~

s¶°ˆGˆ `yreli~; s¶°a `feri~ + Gˆ `yreli~ (zedmiw. `feri

yreli~);

w–flÀˆ `wiTuri~; w– + flÀˆ `wiTeli~

S´–flÀˆ `vardisferi~; S´– + flÀˆ `wiTeli~.

sainteresoa m…ar–, romelic adiGeurad `Gia cisfers~

aGniSnavs, xolo Kabardoulad _ `muq Kavisfers~.

TezisebSi dafiqsirebuli masala, bunebrivia, srulad ver

moicavs Cerqezul enaTa feris aGmniSvnel leqsikas. amJerad

Cven mxolod ZiriTadi terminebi warmovadgineT. sakiTxis gamo-

wvlilviT Seswavla momavlisaTvis ivaraudeba.

rogorc `udabno da marilovani queyana~ (iob. 39,6); ` rili -

ni~ (` rilovani ) aris ara mxolod `queyana~, aramed `wya-

li~: verca erTi wyaroÁ riliansa da tkbilsa wyalsa aRmo-

cenebad (iak. 3,12).

2. yvela am SemTxveveSi `aldadatisa~ da ` rili nis~ (``ma-

rilovanis~) Sesatyvisad somxuri bibliis Sesabamisi wignebi

gvawvdian erTsa da imave sityvas աղտաղտ(ուկկ)) [altalt(uk)]-s,

rac ganimarteba rogorc Warbi marilis mcveli miwa.

3. sayuradReboa, rom Cven mier zemoT warmodgenili bib-

liis mcxeTuri variantis ieremias (17,6) wignis mier mowode-

buli `aldadati sxva variantebSi gvaZlevs `aRdaWs~: ufro me-

tic: amave magaliTSi bibliis sxva xelnaweri sinonimad gvaw-

vdis gansxvavebul ikiTxviss _ `bici~. `aldadati aRdaWi~,

`bici~ Zveli klasikuri teqstebis CvenebiT sinonimebia da xa-

siaTdebian erTi niSniT, rogorc ` rilovani rili ni~,

rasac somxuri Sesatyvisic gvidasturebs աղտաղտուկ [`al-

taltuk~], աղտաղտին `altaltin~, somxuri leqsikonebis mi-

xedviT ganimarteba rogorc `Warbmariliani~.

4. `aRdaWi~ da `bici~ Sesulia sabas, CubinaSvilebis, ilia

abulaZis, qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonebSi; `aldat~

sityva dasturdeba niko da daviT CubibinaS lebTan, agreTve

sulxan-sabas erT wyaroSi. n. CubinaSvili `aRdaW~-s miiCnevs

somxuri warmomavlobis sityvad; aseTadve miiCnevs aldats~

d. CubinaSvili, romelsac eTanxmeba somexi enaTmecnieri hr.

aWariani.

me rab

ro ba qi Ze

5. daviT guraramiSvilis `daviTianSi~ gvxvdeba sityva `aR-

daWi~ amgvar konteqstSi:: `uZeo, me var, viTa aRdaWi, bici da

`aldat~ (`aRdaW~) sityvis mantikisasaTvis Zvel

qarTul enaSi

(qarTul-somxur enobriv urTierTobaTa Suqze)

1. Zveli aRTqmis erTi adgili gvawvdis aseT pasaJs: `daeSe-

nos aldatsa, queyanasa udabnosa, queyanasa Sina mariliansa,

romeli ara daimk‚drebis~ (mcxeT. bibl. ier. 17,6). Cvens inte-

37

mlaSobi~.`qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ es sityva ase

ganimarteba: aRdaW-i (aRdaWisa) Zv. bici (saba), _ mlaSe niada-

gi, mlaSobi; unayofo miwa. // gadat. uZeo (daviT guramiSvil-

Tan). `bicis~ ganmarteba amave leqsikonSi aseTia: `xsnadi mari-

lebis Semcveli niadagi, mlaSe niadagi.~ Tavad sabasTan ki es

sityva asea ganmartebuli: ese ars miwa, sada simlaSiT nayofi

ara iqmnebis~. sityva `bici~ sabas moaqvs daWis ganmarte-

38

bad: `aRdaWi~ _ bici. `bicis~ sabaseul ganmartebas Tavis

murman

suxiSvili

droze Seexo iv. javaxiSvili, romelic werda: `sabas bicis

ganmartebis dros axsnili aqvs, rom aseTi saxeli iseT niadags

ewodeboda, `sadac simlaSiT nayofi ar iqmnebis~-o... amgvarad,

sabas ganmarteba bicis Sesaxeb marTldeba~. (``bici~ gurul me-

tyvelebaSi niSnavs: `kecze gaciebul-gamagrebul mWads~).

6. sulxan-sabas qarTuli leqsikonis `ucxo Sesatyvisobani~

`bicis~ somxur Sesatyvisad sruliad marTebulad gviCvenebs

աղտաղտուկ [aRtaRtuk]-s

7. Cven mier Zveli teqstebidan moxmobili adgilebi sacna-

uryofen, rom `aldadati (=` rilovani ) Zvel somxurSi Sei-

satyvisebs աղտաղտ altalt] sityvas, romelic աղտ [alt}

fuZis gaormagebiT warmoebul kompozits warmoadgens. Tavad

աղտ [alt] sityva ki nawarmoebia sityvidan աղ [al], romelsac

emateba տ [t] formanti. amdenad, աղտաղտ altalt] fuZega-

ormagebuli kompozitia da niSnavs `Warbmarilians~; am somxur

kompozits emateba kidev mawarmoeblebi ուկ [uk] da ին [in].

8. `aldadati da aRdaWi variaciuli erTeulebia, romel-

Tac safuZvlad udevT, rogorc es samarTlianadaa aRniSnuli

leqsikonebSi, somxuri sityva աղտաղտ altalt]. pirveli

miRebulia somxuri t-s kanonzomieri gamJRerebiT da meore l-

s dakargviT (altalt-aldat), xolo meore sityva aixsneba

somxuri l-s istoriuli transformaciiT R bgerad 1X-X ss-Si

da somxuri t-s mcdari amokiTxvis gamo W-d, rasac safuZvlad

udevs qarTuli (z _ W) da somxuri (Տ _ t) asomTavruli aso-

ebis msgavsi moxazuloba.

9. mcxeTur bibliaSi Semonaxuli sityva `aldadati adrin-

delia, roca somxuri l jer ar aris transformirebuli R-d,

rasac ukve adgili aqvs `aRdaW~ - is wyaroSi.

10. daviT guramiSvilTan dadasturebuli `aRdaWi~ aixsne-

ba baqaris bibliaSi (1743 wlis moskovis gamocema) Sesuli ana-

logiuri mcdarnaweri formiT. es araswori wakiTxviT miRebu-

li sityva Sesulia agreTve qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsi-

konSi.
39

gvaris formebi gamoxatulebisa da Sinaarsis

planis mixedviT

gvaris, rogorc morfologiuri kategoriis, daxasiaTeba

gulisxmobs am kategoriis realizacias enaSi gamoxatulebisa

da Sinaarsis planis mixedviT.

qarTulSi tradiciulad ganarCeven gvaris samwevrian opo-

zicias (aqtivi : pasivi : mediumi). gvaris kategoria ganixileba

aseve orwevriani opoziciis saxiTac (aqtivi : pasivi). es gan-

sxvavebuli klasifikaciebi samecniero literaturaSi saTanado

argumentebiT aris warmodgenili.

gvaris samwevrovan sistemaSi morfologiuri markeri aqvs

aqtivisa (a-,∅) da pasivis (i-, e-, -d,∅) formebs, medialuri

zmnebi saopozicio formebs uniSnobiT upirispirdebian.

gvaris kategoriis samwevriani sistema enaSi yovelTvis

srulad ar aris realizebuli, – SeiZleba Segvxvdes orwevria-

ni sistemis saxiTac (iSviaTia opoziciuri sistemis erTwevria-

ni mocemulobac). arsebiTia, rom am sistemebSi ar irRveva mor-

fologiuri opoziciis ZiriTadi principi: opoziciaSi ar mo-

nawileobs erTze meti aramarkirebuli wevri.

e.i. gamoxatulebis planis mixedviT qarTulSi gvari mo-

rfologiuri kategoriaa.

rac Seexeba Sinaarsis plans. aq gvaris opoziciis wevrebi

erTmaneTs upirispirdebian aqtivoba-pasivobis mixedviT: aqtive-

bi aqtiur moqmedebas gamoxataven, pasivebi – pasiurs. rac See-

xeba medialur zmnebs, isini formisa da funqciis mixedviT aq-

tivsa da pasivs Soris arian gadanawilebuli, magram arc aqti-

vebi arian da arc pasivebi.

rogorc samwevrian, ise orwevrian sistemebSi aqtivisa da

pasivis mniSvnelobebi Sinaarsobrivad erTmaneTs upirispirde-

bian subieqtis aqtiuroba-pasiurobis mixedviT. es dapirispire-

ba ufro xelSesaxebia, roca aqtivis pirdapiri obieqti (Sesa-

bamisad pasivis subieqti) usulo (ra jgufis) saxelia.

vnebiTis pasiuri semantikis damowmebis sakontrolo saSua-

lebad konstruqciaSi m i e r an -g a n Tandebuliani frazis

(qvemdebarisebri ubralo damatebis) Sewyoba warmoadgens:

40

biWi x a t a v s suraTs > suraTi i x a t e b a (biWis mier)

siTbo a f a r T o e b s sxeuls > sxeuli siTbosagan f a r -

Senacvlebis faqtebs warmovadgenT `qarTuli enis ganmar-

tebiTi leqsikonis~ mixedviT:

T o v d e b a ...

moqmedebis realuri subieqti instrumentuli damatebis

saxiTac SeiZleba mogvevlinos: didi sicxisagan adamiani

i-prefiqsiani vneb.

ibereba – beraven

ibneva – abneven

doniani vnebiTebi

bardeba – abareben

gubdeba – agubeben

uniSno vnebiTebi

lpeba – alpoben

qreba – aqroben

b r m a v d e b a º figural. s i x a r b i T b r m a v d e b a

– Su-

ibriceba – brecen

grovdeba – agroveben

Tbeba – aTboben

r i T b r m a v d e b a (qegl I).

ileseba – lesaven
gamaimundeba – gaamaimuneben cdeba – gamouye-

es sakontrolo saSualeba ar aris absoluturi. Tandebu-

liani ubralo damatebis an instrumentuli damatebis aRdgena

vnebiTis konstruqciaSi yovelTvis ar xerxdeba. zogjer realu-

ri subieqtis alternativa konteqstis mixedviT amoicnoba.

iparseba – parsaven

iptyvneba – ptyvnian

ipoba – apoben...

niavdeba – aniaveben

zustdeba – azusteben

mTeldeba – amTeleben

Txovdeba – aTxoveben...

neblad rCeba, ver

(ar) moixmareben...

Sdr.: erTmaneTs awydebodnen da g o r d e b o d n e n (s. SanS.)

qegl III. dagorebis mizezi (e r T m a n e T s a w y d e b o d n e n )

vnebiTis konstruqciaSi ar aisaxeba.

beRura Citebi JivJivebdnen da Tan m z e z e T b e b o d n e n

(s. mgalob.).

[cerodenam] vazebis qveS c e c x l i d a a n T o , miujda

Te do

uTur ga i Ze

gverdze da T b e b o d a (zRap.) qegl IV.

vnebiTis formaTa pasiurobis xarisxis Semowmeba sxva saSu-

alebebiTac SeiZleba. kerZod, vnebiTis konstruqciis warmo-

qmnis konversiuli arsidan gamomdinare, vnebiTis Sinaarsi SeiZ-

leba gadmoices moqmedebiTi gvaris mravlobiTi ricxvis for-

miT, romelsac ganusazRvreli subieqti aqvs: i x a t e b a = x a -

taven, iTeseba = Tesaven, izrdeba = zrdian, keT-

d e b a = a k e T e b e n , S e n d e b a = a S e n e b e n (arn. Ciqobava).

ganusazRvrelpirian winadadebas qarTulSi qvemdebaregau-

Cinarebuli winadadeba hqvia. `aseT winadadebaSi qvemdebare ga-

uCinarebulia, magram moqmedad mainc ivaraudeba viRaca gaur-

kveveli piri (Tu pirebi), romlis vinaobac ar aris gansa-

zRvruli~ (l. kvaWaZe).

ase rom, winadadebaSi vnebiTis formaTa Senacvleba moqme-

debiTi gvaris ganusazRvrelpiriani mravlobiTis formebiT

gramatikulad motivirebulia. Senacvlebas eqvemdebareba ro-

gorc i-prefiqsiani, aseve sufiqsiani da uniSno vnebiTebi, ro-

melTa subieqti pasiuria, am sakontrolo saSualebas ar eqvem-

debareba eniani vnebiTebi.

41

/i/ xmovnis vari tebi Zvel qarTulsa da Tanamedrove

dialeqtebSi
naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brunvebSi -sa da -Ta dabo-

loebebi miCneulia imis sabuTad, rom /i/ fonemis {} variantis

poziciad CaiTvalos V-С, msgavsad V- poziciisa.

ukve xanmeti periodidan Cndeba tendencia  ({}) daikar-

gos kanonierad miCneul am poziciaSi (xumJobes, xutkbos, iesu-

si, iesussa...).

saSual qarTulSi normad iqca b a g e T a T , T v a l T a T

tipis formebi (Sdr. bageTaT, TvalTaT), romelTac `vefxis

tKaosani~ Tanamimdevrulad icavs.

aGmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebSi V-С poziciaSi, gan-

sxvavebiT V- poziciisgan, {}-s veGar vxvdebiT, aGar arsebobs

{k a l o s}, {k a l o  T } tipis formebi (Sdr. {k a l o } mTis

dialeqtebSi).

aGniSnuli poziciebis ganxilva sayiroa qarTuli enis

marcvlis bunebidan amosvliT, -s (resp. {}-s dakargva am pozi-

ciebSi Sedegia arabunebriv kompleqsTa daZlevisa.

42

naTia
foniava

msgavsi viTarebaa enakbilismier da ukanaenismier xSulebSic (es

afxazuri enis CVC tipis zmnur ZirTa fonemuri Se-

dgenilobisaTvis

afxazuri enis fonetika-fonologiis sakiTxebs ikvlevda

araerTi mecnieri. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia akad. q.

lomTaTiZis Rvawli.

Cven SeviswavleT afxazur zmnur ZirTa fonemuri struq-

tura sinqroniuli aspeqtiT. saanalizod aRebulia yvela is

zmnuri Ziri, romelic Setanilia afxazuri enis ganmartebiTi

leqsikonis ortomeulSi. gaTvaliswinebuli gvaqvs rogorc sa-

kuTari, ise nasesxebi zmnuri erTeulebi.

afxazur zmnur ZirebSi raodenobrivad yvelaze meti aRmo-

Cnda CVC tipi. am modelis 90 zmnuri erTeuli davadastureT,

romlebic ganawilebulia 11 struqturul qvemodelSi.

CVC struqturaSi xmovanTa distribuciis TvalsazrisiT

aseTi suraTi gvaqvs: 46 ZirSi warmodgenilia a xmovani, 40-Si

gvxvdeba neitraluri xmovani, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi a-s

reduqciiTaa miRebuli, 2-Si dasturdeba i, TiTo ZirSi rea-

lizdeba e da o.

i, e da o xmovnebis Semcveli Zirebi nasesxebi unda iyos.

garkveuli SezRudvebi axasiaTebs calkeul Tanxmovnebs: v

da p ar gvxvdeba arcerT poziciaSi, iSviaTia J da j fonemebic.

CVC modelSi Ziris Tavkidur poziciaSi Tu xSulia

warmodgenili, boloSi metwilad gveqneba sonori an spiranti,

iSviaTad _ xSuli. aRniSnuli modelis Tavkidursa da bolo-

kidur poziciaSi dasturdeba xmovniT gaTiSuli aseTi mimdev-

robebi: xSuli+xSuli, xSuli+sonanti, xSuli+sonori, xSu-

li+spiranti, spiranti+spiranti, sonori+xSuli, sonori+spi-

exeba maT labializebul da ukanaenismierTa palatalizebul

variantebsac), aseve faringalur TanxmovnebSi; enakbilismier

xSulebSi aris erTi gamonaklisi. erTaderT ZirSi gvaqvs daT

mimdevroba: -n-daT-la-ra `Sejibreba, Secileba~. misi warmomav-

loba CvenTvis ucnobia.

erTi Zireuli morfemis farglebSi anlautsa da auslaut-

Si ar gvxvdeba sisina da SiSina afrikatebi: Z c w j C W, aseve

afrikatebTan erTad Ziris struqturaSi ar dasturdeba sisina

da SiSina spirantebi: z s J S.

anlautsa da auslautSi ar fiqsirdeba sisina da SiSina

spirantebic (akrZalva moqmedebs SiSina spirantebis labiali-

zebul da intensiur saxeobebzec);

CVC modelSi aseve araa mosalodneli erTi da imave rigis

ukanaenismier da laringalur spirantTa mimdevrobebi, rogo-

ricaa: xVR RVx (akrZalva vrceldeba maT labializebul da pa-

latalizebul variantebzec); hV hV‚ Vh ‚V ‚Vh.

CVC mimdevrobaSi Tavkidurad da bolokidurad araa da-

maxasiaTebeli sonorebi. mxolod erT ZirSi gamovlinda SVS mi-

mdevroba, magram isic nasesxebi unda iyos: n r: a-n¥r-ra `grZno-

ba, SegrZneba~.

afxazurSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli CVC modelis Zirebi.

maTi nawili nasesxebia an saxeluri warmoSobisaa. SesaZloa, am

modelis zogierTi Ziri miRebuli iyos ormarcvlian ZirTa re-

duqciis Sedegad, kerZod, CV struqturis zmnaTa reduplici-

rebuli variantebis reduqciis gziT. Tumca am modelis yvela

Ziris warmomavlobis dadgena did siZneleebTanaa dakavSirebuli.

ranti, spiranti+sonori, spiranti+xSuli, sonori+sonori, so-

nanti+spiranti.

CVC struqturaSi ar Segvxvedria xmovniT gaTiSuli mi-

me dea

G lon ti

mdevrobebi, romelTa Tavkidursa da bolokidur poziciaSi iq-

neboda erTi da imave rigis Tanxmovnebi. es SezRudva ar exeba

erTi da imave rigis identur Tanxmovnebs. mag.: bVb dasaSvebia,

magram ar dasturdeba bVf, bVp, aseve fVb, fVp, pVf, pVb.

43

GmerTis leqsisikur mantikuri budisaTvis

RmerTis

riv-Tematuri principiT SerCeuli leqsikuri maragi, romlis

44

RmerTi

sebuli leqsikuri maragis kvleva sam saanalizo mimarTulebas

iTvaliswinebs:

1. sakuTriv leqsisikur-semantikuri analizi:

a) dadginda budis leqsikuri maragis odenoba (200-mde

leqsikuri erTeuli, budis gareT arsebuli amave semantikis

mqone 20-mde leqsikuri erTeulis gaTvaliswinebiT).

b) Tavi moiyara leqsikuri maragis 160-mde semantikurma

velma.

g) ganisazRvra budis leqsikuri maragis 8 magistraluri

semantikuri mimarTuleba: I: `zecieri ufali RmerTi~; II: `ange-

lozi da xat-jvar-salocavebi~; III: `kerpTa RmerTi~; IV: `RvTisa-

Tvis gankuTvnili (Sesaferi)~; V: RvTis msgavsi~; VI: `RmerTad

qceva~; VII: `Tvisebisa da ragvarobisa~; VIII: `dalocva-misalmeba

da fici~.

RmerTis

mantikuri budis minimaluri polisemiuroba, meore mxriv, ma-

Rali sixSire RmerTis Semcveli aseulze meti kompozitisa da,

RmerT-

tiuloba qarTulSi. aseve SedarebiT mcire jgufs qmnis sakuT-

riv frazeologizmTa Semcveli VIII magistraluri semantikuri

mimarTuleba (`dalocva-misalmeba da fici~).

RmerTis

sazrisiT, yuradsaRebia is, rom komponenti RmerT- kompozi-

tebSi TiTqmis ugamonaklisod inarCunebs `uzenaesi RmerTis~

an `yovelive zeciuris~ semantikas (Sdr. ukiduresad minimalu-

ri kompozituri warmoeba qarTuli ufal-isa, romlis 73 se-

mantikuri velidan 85%-ze meti `sawuTisoflos~ semantikis Se-

megrul-Wanuri da svanuri enebis, aseve qarTuli enis di-

aleqtTa Sesabamisi monacemebis safuZvelze dgindeba TiTqmis

igive leqsikur-semantikuri arCevani.

RmerTis

ul-etimomologiuri informacia:

qarT. RmerT- <*RarmaT- (niko mari);

qarT. RmerT- <*RermaT- da <*RrmaT- m_r > r–m metaTe-

zisiT (g. klimovi);

qarT. RmerT- <*RmarT- umlautis Sedegad (fenrixi-sa-

rjvelaZe);

qarTulidan nasesxobad miCneulia megrul-svanuri Sesa-

tyvisebi:

megr. RoronT-, laz. RormoT- < saerTolaz. *RmorT-

m_r > r_m metaTezisiT, aseve mT>nT asimilaciiT megrulSi,

da svan. RermeT-/RerbeT- <*RmarT- anaptiqsuri -e- xmovniT

(fenrixi-sarjvelaZe)

qarT. RmerT- Zirs h. fenrixi savaraudod ukavSirebs xa-

tis enaSi dadasturebul fuZeebs: RmurToba/ murToba.

3. RmerTTan dakavSirebuli saTanado saRvTismetyve-

lo masalis moxmoba eklesiis wmida mamaTa Targmanebaze

dayrdnobiT.

RmerTis

RmerTis

tikuri ganviTarebis istoriul gzas, budeSi Semavali dargob-

riv-Tematuri leqsikis enobriv arCevans.

mcvelia da mxolod 15%-ze modis `yovelive zeciuris~ seman-

tika).

eTer

Se nge lia

aseve, TiTqmis ugamonaklisod, Zneldeba RmerT- komponen-

tis Canacvleba komponentiT ufal- (Sdr.: gvaqvs RmerTkaci an

Ze RmrTisa, da ara: ufalkaci an Ze uflisa; RmrTismSobeli,

RmrTismemetyu li an RmrTismsaxuri, da ara: uflismSobeli,

uflismetyveli an uflismsaxuri da a. S.).

45

zogi megruli fuZis etimomologiisaTvis (musx-i//mosx-i,

Tesx-i//Tisx-i, musxiSa(x), TesxiSa(x)//TisxiSa(x))

megrulSi dasturdeba leqsikuri erTeulebi: musx-i//mosx-

i, Tesxi//Tisx-i, musxixiSa x), TesxixiSa x)//TisxiSa(x), romlebic

gvxvdeba rogorc:
46

1) ricxviTi saxeli: musxi

`bevri~: musxi vexvewi, mara

vaja

Se nge lia

iwk ma muTunqu vagomirT

feri ar gamivida~;

`ramdeni vexvewe, magram masTan ara-

kvlav i b e r - da i m e r - fuZeTa Sesaxeb

2) nacvalsaxeli: a) kiTxviTi: musxi `ramdeni~: musxi kaTa

qord gowos lebardes? `ramdeni xalxi iyo SarSan lebarde-

Si?~ b) mimarTebiTi: musxiT `ramdenic~: kurdRelqi musxiT ik-

vaku, TisxiT irulua `kurdRelma ramdenic ikikina, imdenic

irbinao~; g) CvenebiTi: Tesxi Tisxi `amdeni//imdeni~: Tesxi uS-

quri muSo i idiT ?! `amdeni vaSli risTvis iyideT?!~ Tisxi ja-

Si kvaTua muWo Silebed ? `imdeni xis moWra rogor SeiZleboda?~

iberia || > iveria berZnul samKaroSi cnobili toponimia.

Sesabamisad, bunebrivia, cnobilia eTnonimi iber || > iver.

iber- fuZe, msamecniero literaturaSi arsebuli Tval-

sazrisis Sesabamisad, imer-s ukavSirdeba (n. mari, i. KifSiZe).

amasTan, miiCneva, rom imer-is iber-ad gardaqmna berZnulSi mo-

xda (k. danelia).

3) zmnizeda: a) zoma-odenobis: musxixiSa x) `ra zomamde~:

vfiqrobT, procesi

imer- > iber- qarTvelur enobriv

sqan(i) rinas SxvaSis vamuZinana, musxiSax eSe vadimaRale `Sen

sxvis yofnas ver mogimateben, ra zomamdec (ramdenadac) ar

amaRlde (zeviT).~ b) igive sityva gvxvdeba jeroba-odenobis

mniSvnelobiT: `ramdenjer//bevrjer, ramdenad~: musxiSa(x)

meb/frTi, mara akaSa vadom/b/fxvad `ramdenjer//bevrjer mivedi,

magram arcerTxel ar damxvda~; musxiSa re sqani urZeni? `ram-

denad aris (ra Rirs) Seni yurZeni?~ TesxixiSa x)//TisxiSa(x) `am-

denjer//imdenjer//amdenad//imdenad~ (eseni raodenobasac gamoxa-

taven): TesxiSa(x)//TisxiSa(x) oko g moCeni, vara muTuni veiale

sqan(i) gaWirebas `amdenjer//imdenjer//amdenad//imdenad unda ga-

yido, Torem veraferi ver auva Sens gasaWirs!~

mu-sx-i//mo-sx-i, mu-sx-iSa(x), Te-sx(i)//Ti-sx(i), Te-sx-i-

Sa(x)//Ti-sx-iSa(x) agebulebiT rTuli saxelebia. maTTvis amo-

savali aris sx- Ziri, romelic semantikurad simravlis gamo-

mxatveli unda iyos. xolo TavsarTebi: mu-//mo- `ra~kiTxviTi

nacvalsaxelebia, Te-//Ti- ki `es//is~ _ CvenebiTi nacvalsaxele-

bia.

vsvamT sakiTxs megrul saanalizo leqsikur erTeulebSi

gamoyofili -sx- da qarTuli simravlis gamomxatvel sx- Zire-

bis (sxma `deba; Soba; moyvana; mogvra; dargva; ayvana~) semanti-

kur-fonetikuri Sesatyvisobis Sesaxeb. Sesadarebel fuZeebSi

gvaqvs qarT. sx-: megr. sx- Zirebis identuri Sesatyvisoba (Sdr.

qarT. msxal-i: megr. sxul-i; qarT. sisxl-i: megr. zisxir-i).

47
samKaroSi (kerZod, dasavlur-qarTul enobriv arealSi) SeiZ-

leboda ganxorcielebuliKo. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda gavix-

senoT m→ b procesi, romelic megrul-lazursa da svanurs

axasiaTebs:

1. megrul-lazuri obieqturi piris aGmniSvneli m Tanxmov-

nis wina poziciaSi b-Si gadadis;

2. m→ b megrul-lazurSi saerTo-qarTulidan momdinare

Tu nasesxeb sitKvebSic dasturdeba (Sdr. qarT. mze _ megr.-

laz. bja, qarT. mravali _ megr. breli, qarT. mziTevi _ megr.

bziTi...).

3. m→ b procesi gvaqvs svanurSi qarTulis SesatKvis

sitKvebSi (Sdr. qarT. GmerTi _ svan. GerbeT, qarT. marwKvi _

svan. basK, qarT. mGili _ svan. muGl || buGl...).

imer- fuZis (imereT-i) imier- || imer-Tan (`iqiT, gaGma,

gadaGma; imieri, iqiTa~) kavSiri cxadia, aseve is, rom es fuZe

derivatia (CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli im + -ier sufiqsi). amasTan,

ar aris SeuZlebeli imer- || iber-|| iver- fuZeTa Zvel foneti-

kur saxed himer- || hiber-|| hiver- miviCnioT (i. KifSiZe).

48
ma na na

Ca Ca ni Ze

me rab

Cu xua

leqsikograrafiuli semantizaciis verbaluri

saSualebebi da leqsikonTa tipopologiis problema

leqsikografiuli semantizaciis verbaluri saSualebebi,

faqtobrivad, warmoadgenen ZiriTad leqsikografiul katego-

riebs (sityva, Sesityveba, frazema, winadadeba, teqsti). am ka-

tegoriaTa meSveobiT, diferenciuli niSnis specifikidan gamo-

mdinare, leqsikonTa tipologiis problema principulad ukav-

Sirdeba da moicavs kidec Targmnisa da semantizaciis rig

problemur sakiTxs.

leqsikografiuli TvalsazrisiT ganasxvaveben sami tipis

Targmans:

1. interlingvisturi (ganmarteba xdeba erTi, ukve mocemuli

enis sxva niSnebiT);

2. intralingvisturi (ganmarteba xdeba sxva enis niSnebiT);

3. intersemiotikuri (ganmarteba xdeba sxva semiotikuri siste-

mis niSnebiT).

Targmanis tipebis dadgenis sakiTxi uSualod miemarTeba

semantizaciis (axsna, ganmarteba, definicia) sakiTxs. leqsiko-

grafiuli semantizacia ganisazRvreba, rogorc procesi an Se-

degi saleqsikono erTeulTa mniSvnelobis eqsplikaciisa verba-

luri da araverbaluri saSualebebiT. semantizaciis zogad

Teoriaze damyarebuli komunikaciuri modeli leqsikografii-

saTvis aseTia:

4. semantizaciis sagani

svanuri cemimiTis -an sufiqsi da misi lelebi

sxva ibeririul-kavkasiur enebSi

Tanamedrove qarTveluri ena-kiloebis brunvaTa sistemaSi

gansakuTrebuli maxasiaTeblebiT svanuri gamoirCeva. svanuri

brunebisTvis niSandoblivia rogorc qarTul-zanuri sufiqsa-

cia, ise sakuTriv svanuri markerebi. aq Tqmuli exeba micemiTi

brunvis niSnebsac, kerZod, svanurSi gamoiKofa -s, -Ÿ, -ˆn/ -an

daboloebebi, romelTagan -s saerToqarTveluria (n. mari, v.

Tofuria), dasadgenia micemiTis -Ÿ da -an sufiqsTa genezisi.

kvlevis am etapze SevexebiT svanuri -ˆn/ -an alomorfebs,

romlebic realurad, rogorc damoukidebeli morfologiuri

inventari, mxolod CvenebiT nacvalsaxelTa brunebisas gamona-

wevrdeba, Sdr.: bz. ala `es~, magram am-ˆnºala-s `amas~, eJa `igi~,

magram eJ--ˆnºeJa-s `mas~. Cveni dakvirvebiT, ufro Zveli -an saxe-

obiani micemiTi ucvlelad aris Semonaxuli balsqvemour dia-

leqtSi: eJ-an xoCel nomoŸ JðKra `imaze kargi araferi dagmar-

Todes~; am-an xola dar Jiwvaa `amaze uaresi araferi gina-

xavs~?...

svanuri -an warmoCndeba qarTv. Cqar-as, iaf-as, nel-as ti-

pis mic. (resp. viTarebiTi) brunvis funqciiTac, Sdr. svan. maxe

`axali~, magram maxa-n `axlad~ (v. Tofuria), aseve mezg-an-mezg-

an `oJax-oJax~, laKŸr-an-laKŸr-an `sawol-sawol~.

svanurSi akad. v. Tofurias mier gamoKofil micemiTi

brunvis reliqtur -an formants SesatKvisi unda hqonoda qar-

Tulsa da zanurSi. moxsenebaSi warmodgenili Tvalsazrisis

mixedviT, amosavali -an, rogorc istoriulad arsebuli mice-

miTi brunvis niSani, unda iKos SemorCenili Semdeg zmnisar-

1. adresanti

2. sametyvelo jaWvi
3. adresati

TebSi: gvi-an (gvi-an-i), Sdr. svan. ra-gŸ _ `dagvianeba, daKovne-

(leqsikonis Semdgenlebi) (semantizaciis saxeebi) (leqsikonis momxmareblebi)

ba~, ZoG-an º weG-an, na-met-an... Sdr. aseve dialeqturi forme-

bi: aq-an-e/a, iq-an-e/a, mad-an-e/a...

egeve

-an

gamosaKofia zanur zmnisarTebSic: yum-an

5. ena. metaena

49

`xval~, Sdr. yum-e `id~, amyu{m}-an `am dilas~, yum-an-er-i `xva-

lindeli~, anwi-an _ `momavali~, gowo-n _ `SarSandeli~, amdG-

an-(er-i) `dGevandeli~...
50

cxadia, Kovelive zemoTqmuli imis maniSnebelia, rom *-an

formanti momdinareobs saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enidan, is

gamoiKeneboda rogorc saxelTa brunebisas (formawarmoeba),

ise zmnisarTebSi (sitKvaTwarmoeba), Sdr. Tanamedrove -s brun-

vis niSnis igiveobrivi funqciebi qarTulsa da zanurSi (dGe-s

/ dGa-s `arasodes~).

saerToqarTvelur brunvaTa sistemaSi rekonstruirebuli

w m i s meored aris nabrunebi da miRebulia s a w m i s i (!). `ab-

dulmesianis~ wmisi ki am avtorisTvis aris `matyli~.

3. wmisi← saw‚misi `wvimis, tenis Sesagrovebeli~.

4. qarTul etimologiur leqsikonebSi sityva matyls qar-

Tuli da qarTveluri enebis bgeraTSesatyvisobebi cnobilia,

sityvis (mimReobis) Ziris semantika ki ar Cans, vvaraudob, rom

Ziria ty (ty-av-i), e. i. rac tyavzea, rac tyavisaa (g. deeter-

*-an
sufiqsis kanonzomieri morfologiur-fonetikuri Se-

si).

satKvisi Cans fuZenaxuri dativis niSani *-en(a), romelic na-

xur enebSi erTaderTi formantia, Sdr. bacb. dad `mama~ _

dad-e¹ `mamas~, ing. loa `Tovli~ _ la-na `Tovls~, CeCn.

bedar `tansacmeli~ _ bedar-na `tansacmels~...

Cerqezuli enebidan ubixuri naTlad warmoaCens -n/ -nˆ alo-

morfebs: ya `kargi~ _ ya-n `kargad~, (a)daxŸa `zafxuli~ _

ro e na

yka dua

adaxoa-nˆ `zafxulSi~... msgavsi funqciiTaa -nˆ aGyurvili afxa-

zur-abazurSi, Sdr. bzia `kargi~ _ i-bzia-nˆ `kargad~.

daGestnur enaTa JgufSi istoriulad arsebuli -n mic.

br. niSani dGemde mxolod lakur enas SemorCa: bak-(ra) `gu-

li~ _ bak-ra-n `guls~. sxva enebSi micemiTi brunvis -n afiqsis

arsebobis kvali saZiebeli gamxdara.

erTi ram TvalnaTliv gamoCnda, *-VnV tipis protokavkasi-

uri dativi istoriulad funqcionirebda iberiul-kavkasiur

enaTa oJaxis oTxive Jgufis brunvaTa da zmnisarTTa sistemaSi.

usufiqso gardauval zmnaTa formobriv-

mantikuri analizisasaTvis svanurSi

svanur enaSi gardauval zmnaTa didi nawili awmKoSi usu-

fiqsod aris warmodgenili, rac -e, -i(-a) bolosarTTa mokve-

ciT ixsneba (v. Tofuria).

nul- bolosarTi bunebrivia saSualo gvaris statikurebi-

saTvis, -’l..., -iŠl... elementiani formebisTvis, zogi aqtiuri

subieqtis mqone i- prefiqsiani vnebiTebisaTvis da ramdenime

gardamavali zmnuri fuZisaTvis. samecniero literaturaSi

aGniSnulia, rom -e, -i, -a, Ø variantebi erTmaneTTan ar mo-

nacvleoben, paradigmis SigniT mudam erTi da igive formantia

al eqsi

yi n y a ra u li

warmodgenili (al. oniani).

xmovansufiqsebi awmKos fuZis mawarmoebel erTeulebs

etimomologiuri niSvna

wmisi

1. qarTul etimologiur leqsikonebSi sityva ` wmisi~-s

etimologia ara Cans.

2. iv. lolaSvili CaxruxaZis `qeba mefisa Tamarisi~-s leqsi-

konSi `sawmisi~ aris: `sawamisi, rac sawamebelia~. igi `aRad-

gens~ formebs: `s a w m i s, s a w m i T, s a w m a d~. misi azriT s a -

51

warmoadgenen da, awmKos fuZis CamoKalibebis garda, isini ga-

vlenas axdenen I seriis zogierT mwkrivSi mwkrivis niSanTa

sxvadasxva variantebis gamovlenaze. sinqroniul doneze xmovan-

sufiqsTa rigSi unda ganvixiloT nul- sufiqsic, romelic

prefiqsebTan erTad garkveul Kalibs qmnis da am KalibiT sxva-

dasxva semantikuri Jgufi warmoCindeba.

Kalibi piris Sani + xmovanprefiqsi + Ziri + Ø sakmaod

gavrcelebulia saSuali gvaris zmnebSi. ZiriTadi nawili amgva-

ri Kalibis zmnebisa fuZedrekadTa kategorias miekuTvneba. v.

52

Tofurias miaCnia, rom am tipis saSuali (giy..., x-a-giy...) zmne-

bi vnebiTTagan (gey-n-i...) aris miGebuli. Cveni varaudiT, re-

latiur-gardauvali x-a-giy... tipi miGebulia ara vnebiTis

gey-n-i-dan, aramed absolutur giy... tipidan... romelic arqa-

uli saxiT aris SemorCenili misTvis damaxasiaTebeli fuZis ga-

uformeblobiTa da statikuri mniSvnelobiT:

kur-gramatikuli Jgufis CamoKalibeba dGesac mimdinareobs (n.

lolaZe), svanurSi ki am tipis zmnebisaTvis formobrivad sakma-

od stabiluri modeli gvaqvs. erTi da imave KalibiT aris

gadmocemuli ganKenebul saxelTagan nawarmoebi zmnuri leqse-

mebi:

absolut. relat.

fx‹j (eJa) `dafantulia, gaSlilia~ (is) x-a-fx‹j (eJa eJas `is mas~)

ma-nwam `mowoneba~

ma-kaf `neba~

x-a-nwðm `moswons~

x-a-kðf `nebavs~

s‹d (eJa) `darCenilia~ (is)

g‹y (eJa) `gaZlebulia~ (is)

x-a-s‹d (eJa eJas `is mas~)

x-a-g‹y (eJa eJas `is mas~)

ma-…kaf `ridi~

ma-sdif `wKena~

_
x-a-…kðf `erideba~

x-a-sdik `swKins~ da sxv.

mag.:

ðTsgidda i daƒˆl mðg kalŸqa fx‹j `gaixeda da Txebi (Kve-

la Txa) ezoSia gafantuli (ezoSia gaSlili)~.

mare mag cxeks xafxij `Kvela (kaci Kvela) tKes aris mode-

buli (`tKes modebulia~)~.

bajðS muTŸri Jigar sid sofellisga `ykuis damrigebeli

(maswavlebeli) mxolod TviTon aris darCenili sofelSi (`da-

rCenilia sofelSi~).

Tamaras eSxu gezal gar xasid `Tamaras erTi Svili-Ga

hKavs darCenili~.

garda feZedrekadTa kategoriis arqauli formebisa, sva-

nurSi gvaqvs garegani saxeobis leqsikuri erTeulebi, rogorc

uwodebs maT a. daviTiani, xolo z. yumburiZe msgavs formebs

awmKoSi nulsufiqsian statikurebad ganixilavs. mag.: gli…

`briKvulad zis (an dgas)~, g…il `TavSiSveli dgas~, k…ik

am KalibiT msgavsi semantikis zmnaTa warmoeba dGesac pro-

duqtiulia. amis dasturad SeiZleba moviKvanoT magaliTebi as-

lan lipartelianis leqsikonidan:

x-a-bral `ebraleba~

x-a-Znel `eZneleba~

x-a-Takil `eTakileba~

x-a-xil `moswons, axal xilad miaCnia~ da sxv.

qarTulSi, rogorc viciT, inversiuli formebis gverdiT

gaCnda arainversiulic (miKvars _ v-Kvarob, m-i-kvirs _ v-

kvirob).
svanurSi zemoaGniSnuli modelis inversiul zmnebTan se-

mantikurad axlos mdgomi Cans sruliad sxva formobrivi

struqturis (i/Š _ -’l...), arainversiuli formebi:

`koxtad zis~ da sxv.

absolot.

relat.

dGesdGeobiT msgavsi absoluturi formebi naklebad ixma-

m-a-mbaj

`mikvirs~

x…-i-mbj-

`vkvirob~

x…-e-mbj-

(me

reba, magram maTgan nawarmoebi relatiurebi sakmao raodenobi-

’l(mi)
(me)

’l

mas)

Taa. mag.: x-a-k…ik `micucqulia~ (is mas), x-a-biJg `dabJenilia~,

x-a-K…iK `aKuncia~, x-a-pitK `awepia~, x-a-biG `abGenZia~ da sxv.

uGlebis TvalsazrisiT x-a-giy... tipi emTxveva moqmedebiTi

gvaris da ara vnebiTis formebs: sid _ s…id-dðs `darCenili

m-a-

tkleb

m-a-…kðf

`menane-

ba~

`meride-

ba~

x…-i-tkleb-

’l(mi)

x…-…kaf-

’l(mi)
`vZunwob~

(me)

`vridob~

(me)

x…-e-

tkleb-’l

x…-e-…kaf-

’l

(me

mas)

(me

mas)

viKavi~; sid-da `darCenili iKo~; x-a-sid _ x…a-sid-dðs `darCe-

nili vKavdi~; x-a-sid-da `darCenili hKavda~.

zemoaGniSnuli KalibiT (piris Sani + xmovaniprerefiq

+ Ziri + Ø) iwarmoeba agreTve afeqturi (e. w. grZnoba-

aGqmis) zmnebi. miCneulia, rom qarTulSi grZnoba-aGqmis leqsi-

53

qarTulSi miKvars... formis paralelurad vKvarob... for-

mis gaCenas formobrivi da funqciuri Tanazomieri cvlilebis

nimuSs uwodebs b. JorbenaZe da axali formobrivi struqtu-

ris gaCenis mizezad I piris aqtiurobas asaxelebs. inversiuli

54

statikuri zmnebis sapirispirod pirdapiri wKobis calebis ga-

Cenis mizezad sistemaSi xarvezebis Sevsebisaken swrafva miaCnia

m. suxiSvils da amas bunebriv procesad Tvlis, radganac in-

versia gardamavali zmnis Tvisebaa. Cveni varaudiT grZnoba-

aGqmis zmnebma ukve CamoKalibebuli i/e- _ -’l... modeli

gamoiKenes, erTi mxriv, subieqtis aqtivobis gamosaxatavad da

meore mxriv, inversiul zmnebs -’l elementiani formebis saxiT

gauCndaT arainversiuli opozicia, romelTa garkveul nawils

droTa meore JgufSi ergatiuli konstruqcia axasiaTebT.

sulieria sagani, romelsac samSvinveli aqvs da sakuTari

ZaliT moZraobs: adamiani, cxoveli, frinveli, Tevzi, mweri,

qvewarmavali...

usuloa sagani, romelsac arc samSvinveli gaaCnia da arc

sakuTari ZaliT moZraoba ar SeuZlia: xe, miwa, qva, zRva, mTa...

sulieri da usulo arsebiTi saxelebi gansxvavebulad iq-

cevian sintaqsuri urTierTobis dros, kerZod - zmnasTan ri-

cxvSi Sewyobisas.
sa zogagado da sakuTaTari sa xelebi

saxeli SeiZleba iyos kuTaTari an zogagado.

amaTgan, sakuTar saxelebSi Sedis:

1. adamianTa saxelebi (nino, daviTi...);

nino

J orbenaZe

2. adamianTa gvarebi (WavWavaZe, dadiani, Sengelia...);

3. cxovelTaTvis Serqmeuli saxelebi (wiqara, Rvi-

nia...);

arsesebiT xelTa Jgufebi qarTulSi

arsebiT saxelTa jgufebis gamoyofisaTvis gadamwyveti mni-

Svneloba unda mivaniWoT formawarmoebas da ara _ Sinaarss...

amis mixedviT adre arsebulisgan gansxvavebiT darCeba Semdegi

4 jgufi:

1. vin da ra jgufis arsebiTi saxelebi;

2. sulieri da usulo arsebiTi saxelebi;

3. zogagado da kuTaTari arsebiTi saxelebi;

4. straqtu arsebiTi saxelebi.

vin da ra jgufis arsebiTi sa xelebi

kiTxvebis mixedviT arsebiTi saxelebi orgvaria: vin jgufi-

sa da ra jgufisa. vin kiTxva daesmis adamianTa saxelebs, ra ki-

Txva _ yvela danarCens.

konteqstis mixedviT zogierTi arsebiTi saxeli SeiZleba

sxvadasxva jgufs ganekuTvnos. mag.: axalgazgazrdo (`vin~ jgu-

fi) baRSi moeyara Tavi; magram: mTeli axalgazgazrdo (`ra~

jgufi) gaWirvebaSi gaatara.

su lieri da usulo arsebiTi sa xelebi

nivTieri saxis mqone sagani orgvaria: sulieri an usulo.

55

4. geograrafiuli saxelebi (saqarTvelo, Tbilisi,

mtkvari, mTawminda...);

5. ciur mnaTobTa saxelebi (mze, mTvare, venera...);

6. Jurnal-gazeTebis, dawesebuleba-organizaciebis

xelwodebe (`mnaTobi~, Tsu...)...

sakuTari saxelebi gansxvavebulad ibrunian... amasTanave,

brunebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli jgufebi gamoiyofa TviTon sa-

kuTari saxelebis SigniTac...

abstraqtuli sa xelebi

straqtul arsebiTebSi vaerTianebT Semdegi tipis saxe-

lebs:

1. aranivTieri saxis mqone (sixaruli, bedniereba,

sinanuli...);

2. nivTierebabaTa (oqro, Saqari, bamba, rZe, Tafli...);

3. krebiT (axalgazrdoba, xalxi, eri, naZvnari...);

4. vlenis mniSvnel (wera, keTeba, siyvaruli...)

abstraqtuli saxelebis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba is aris,

rom maT mravlobiTi ricxvi ar ewarmoebaT...

56

proeqeqti `mTis kavkakasi ri enebi TveloSi. III~

proeqti xorcieldeba qarTvelologiis, humanitaruli

da socialuri mecnierebis fondis (rusTavelis fondis) #

026-08 grantis Sesabamisad.

obieqturi mizezebis gamo, magram wina wlebSi mopovebuli ma-

sala sakmarsia imisaTvis, rom saWiro muSaoba Catardes.

meTormete kvartalSi sakvlevi enobrivi erTeulebisa-

Tvis momzadda leqsikonebi (afxazur-qarTuli, qistur-qarTu-

li, bacbur-qarTuli, xunZur-qarTuli, beJitur-qarTuli, udi-

ur-qarTuli) _ TiToeuli 1000 sityvis moculobisa.

amiT sruldeba muSaoba proeqtze `mTis kavkasiuri enebi

saqarTveloSi~. is amocana, romelic dasaxuli hqondaT proeq-

va Ja

Se nge lia

tis monawileebs, Sesrulebulia. wlis darCenili dReebi mo-

xmardeba imas, rom naSromebma srulyofili saxe miiGos.

granto proeqtze muSaobis mesasame wlis

(IX-XII kvartatalebi) Sedegebis Sesasaxeb

2010 wlis gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo saqarTveloSi

warmodgenili eqvsi enobrivi (baTumel afxazTa metyveleba,

momaval wels daiwyeba naSromebis gamocema calke monog-

rafiebis saxiT.

CeCnuri enis qisturi dialeqti, bacburi ena, xunZuri enis an-

wuxuri dialeqti, beJituri ena, udiuri ena) sintaqsis saki-

Txebis analizi, agreTve, mcire leqsikonebis Sedgena da gamo-

n a na

ma y a va ri a ni

kvlevebis redaqtireba.

mecxre kvartalSi Seswavlil iqna atributuli sintagma

(saxeluri Sesityveba) sakvlev enobriv erTeulebSi, gairkva is

saerTo da specifikuri, rac maT axasiaTebs saTanado salite-

raturo enasa (afxazuri, CeCnuri, xunZuri) Tu dialeqtebTan

SedarebiT... gaTvaliswinebuli iqna atributuli sintagmis

komponentTa wyobis, ricxvsa Tu klasSi SeTanxmebis brunebis

sakiTxebi.

meaTe kvartalSi kvlevis obieqti iyo zmnuri Sesityveba

(predivatuli sintagma) da is sintaqsuri konstruqciebi, rom-

lebic gardamaval Tu gardauval zmnaTa monawileobiT iqmneba.

TerTme kvartalSi moxda ukve Sesrulebuli samuSa-

oebis redaqtireba-Sevseba. moewyo xuTi samecniero eqspedicia

(mivlineba) xuT enobriv erTeulze dakvirvebis gasagrZeleblad

da masalis mosapoveblad (baTumi da misi axlomdebare sofle-

bi, axmetis raioni _ pankisis xeoba, yvarlis raionis soflebi

_ Tiki, saruso, Cantlisyure, oqtomberi). erTi eqspedicia

(axmetis raionis sofeli zemo alvani) Catareba ver moxerxda

57

Tumel afxazTa metK lebis Sesasaxeb III

axaldamwerlobiani afxazuri enis istoria ukeT aRdgeba

naklebad Seswavlili Tqmebis (kiloebis) monacemTa gamowu-

lilviT Seswavlis safuZvelze.

afxazur dialeqtTa gavrcelebis ZiriTad teritorias

mowyvetil afxazTa metyveleba iZleva Zvirfas masalas afxa-

zuri enis ganviTarebis gzis gasaTvaliswineblad.

cnobilia, rom enobrivi monacemebi swrafad eqvemdebare-

ba cvlilebas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac esa Tu is ena gan-

sxvavebul enobriv samyaroSia moqceuli.

2010 wlis pirveli kvartalSi warmodgenili iqna

afxazuri enis sintaqsi. I. saxeluri Sesityvebis (atributuli

sintagmis) analizi.

meore kvartalSi damuSavda sintaqsi. II. zmnuri Sesityve-

bis predikatuli sintagmis analizi. mesame kvartali daeTmo

gamokvlevebisa da enaTmecnieruli teqstebis gamosacemad mo-

mzadebas. muSaoba Catarda arsebuli samecniero literaturis

58

kritikuli analizisa da, agreTve Cven mier mopovebuli enob-

rivi masalis safuZvelze. meoTxe kvartalSi gaTvaliswinebulia

mcire orenovani (afxazur-qarTuli) leqsikonis Sedgena-momza-

deba.

proeqtis farglebSi 2010 wlis mesame kvartalSi, samec-

niero grantiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaos farglebSi 7. 06.

10. _ 24. 07. 10 mivlinebiT vimyofebodi q. baTumSi da sof.

feriaSi, sadac vakvirdebodi aWaraSi mcxovreb afxazTa metyve-

lebas.

Cemi informatorebi iyvnen: roin agrba (52 wlis), Tamaz

Cimba (44 wlis), liuda ajba (84 wlis), luara meforia (48

wlis), irma SaraSiZe (28 wlis), liana arSba (53 wlis), maTgan

Caviwere afxazuri metyvelebis nimuSebi; zRaprebi, frazebi, an-

dazebi. (audio da video masala, romelsac warmovadgen samec-

niero konferenciaze)

amJamad mopovebul masalas vamuSaveb.

zogi raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli qisturSi fonetiku-

rad gansxvavebulia saliteraturo enis monacemebisagan. ase,

magaliTad:

1. saliteraturo enaSi rTul ricxviT saxelebs –a dabo-

loeba aqvT, romlis funqciac dadgenili ar aris. igi ar Cans

qisturSi. garda amisa, dasaxelebul rTul ricxviT saxelTa

meore komponents warmoadgens martivi fuZe iTT `aTi~, ro-

melsac bolokidur poziciaSi -a xmovani ara aqvs. Sdr.:

salit. ena qisturi dialeqti

c a TTa c a TT `TerTmeti~

Si TTa Si TT `Tormeti~

âo TTa âo TT `cameti~...

2. amave saxelebSi qisturi da saliteraturo enis mona-

cemebi gansxvavebulia bgeriTi SedgenilobiTac:

d-e TTa d-i TT `ToTxmeti~

alxiTTa axa TT|| axe TT|| axiTT `Teqvsmeti~

vérhiTTa vara TT||vare TT||variTT `Cvidmeti~

b erhiTTa bara TT||bare TT||bariTT `Tvrameti~

ros tom
fa re u li Ze

Sdr., agreTve:

ty esna tyøsT `cxrameti~

igive saxelebi inguSurSi Semdegi saxiT dasturdeba:

d-i TTa, alxa TTa, vura TTa, bara TTa.

ricxcxviT xelTa zogi Tavi burerebis Sesasaxeb CeCnuri

enis qistur dialeqtSi

qistur dialeqtSi iseve, rogorc CeCnur saliteraturo

enaSi, garCeulia raodenobiTi, rigobiTi, wilobiTi da jerobi-

Ti ricxviTi saxelebi. eseni gansazRvruli ricxviTi saxelebia.

amaT gverdiT arsebobs mcirericxovani ganusazRvreli ricxvi-

Ti saxelebic.

Tvlis sistema ocobiTia. ricxviTi saxelebi TerTmetidan

Tvrametis CaTvliT iwarmoeba modeliT erTeulis aRmniSvneli

sityva + `aTi~: c a TT (c aØ `erTi~ + TT < iTT `aTi~) `Ter-

Tmeti~, Si TT (SiØ `ori~ + iTT `aTi~) `Tormeti~...

yvela naxur enaSi klasniSniania `oTxis~ aRmniSvneli ri-

cxviTi saxeli da misgan nawarmoebi `ToTxmeti~ da oTxmoci~

(qisturSi: d-iØ `oTxi~, d-i TT `ToTxmeti~, d-eÍztya `oTxmoci~).

59

CamoTvlil saxelebSi sainteresoa lx, rh TanxmovanTa kom-

pleqsebis gamartivebis, daSlis sakiTxi qisturSi, sadac zog

arsebiT saxelsa zmnur fuZeSi lx kompleqsi Íx-s iZleva. Sdr.:

salit. ena qisturi dialeqti

nalxa noÍx (< naÍx) `karaqi~

ølxa oÍx (< aÍx) `salesi qva~

alxa oÍxa (< aÍxa) `CeCva~...

Sdr., agreTve

d- elxa d-i xa||d- elxa `tirili~.

am bolo magaliTSi lx kompleqsi sxvagvarad aris Secvlili.

3. gansxvavebulia rigobiT ricxviT saxelTa warmoeba qis-

tur dialeqtsa da saliteraturo enaSi. gansxvaveba fonetikis

farglebs ar scildeba:

SolRa SolloR `meore~

âoØalRa âoØolloR `mesame~

60

d-èalRa d-iolloR `meoTxe~

fxèalRa fxiolloR `mexuTe~

tyalRa tyol(l)oR `meoce~...

i. aliroevis mixedviT, qisturSi ll-s nacvlad gvaqvs l.

Taviseburad iwarmoeba wya `pirveli~, magram rTul ricxviT

saxelebSi dasturdeba erTi-s aRmniSvneli fuZisagan nawarmo-

o¹ (yaGo¹ `magari~, daƒo¹ `didi~...), a¹ (zora¹ `mamaci~, xala¹

`sawKeni~...).
viTarebiT (iSviaTad mimarTebiT) zedsarTav saxelebSi ga-

rCeulia x a r i s x i s o r i f o r m a: d a d e b i T i da S e -

d a r e b i T i.

S e d a r e b i T i xarisxis mawarmoeblad miiCneven sufiq-

ebi rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli

c aolloR

`meerTe~: tyê

sebs: -xu, -ux, < -xu (Sifneri); -vx (deSerievi); x < -xš < xu

c aolloR `ocdameerTe~... naTelia, rom CeCnurSi viTareba

qarTuliseburia.

4. qarTuli -mag-i sufiqss (Sdr.: or-mag-i, sam-mag-i...) Sesa-

tyvisi qisturSi aris -lxa, romelic specialur literatura-

Si, ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, aRwerili ar aris. qarTul

samecniero literaturaSi -mag-i kvalificirebulia rogorc

sufiqsi-morfemoidi, romelic daerTvis ricxviT saxelebs da

gamoxatavs jeradobas (jorbenaZe.., 1988). -lxa sufiqsiT ricxvi-

Ti saxelebis warmoeba qisturSi produqtiuli ar aris da

Svidis zemoT iSviaTad ixmareba. ase, magaliTad:

c aØ `erTi~ c a-lxa `erTmagi~

SiØ `ori~ Sa-lxa `ormagi~

(gagua); -vx < -ux < -xu (holiski, gagua); -x (yrelaSvili).

bacburSi SeiZleba gamoiKos S e d a r e b i T i xarisxis ma-

warmoebeli s u f i q s e b i: -x º -xš, -vx º -vxš, -ivxš, uxš º

xš, romlebic daerTvian boloxmovnis nazaliaciaCamoSorebul

saxelobiTis fuZes davi¹ (`msubuqi~) _ davi-vx (`ufro msubu-

qi~):

1. -x (º-xš) sufiqsi gvxvdeba -u¹-sa da ur-ze daboloebul

zedsarTav saxelebSi: dacu¹ `mokle~ _ dacu-x(š) ufro mo-

kle~, `SedarebiT mokle~; laxu¹ `dabali~ _ laxu-x ufro da-

bali~; JuGur `uSno~ _ JuGur-x ufro uSno~; lamzur lama-

zi~ _ lamzur-x(š) `ufro lamazi~...

2. -vx(º-vxš) sufiqss vadasturebT i¹-boloxmovnian zedsar-

âoØ `sami~

âa-alxa `sammagi~...

Tav saxelebSi: davi¹ `msubuqi~ _ davi-vx `ufro msubuqi~; %ar-

Cveni varaudiT, or-is, sam-is aRmniSvnel fuZeebSi aRdgeba

Tavdapirveli xmovani -a (Sdr. dialeqturi variantebi: SaÍ-z-

tya `ormoci~, âaÍ-z-tya `samoci~).

yi¹ `Savi~ _ %aryi-vx `ufro Savi~; TiSi¹ `Zveli~ _ TiSi-vx

`ufro Zveli~; win˜ `axali~ _ wini-vx ufro axali~; stami¹

`msxvili, sqeli~, stami-vx `ufro sqeli, msxvili~...

3. -ivxš sufiqsi daCndeba e¹-ze daboloebul zedsarTav

saxelebSi: wege¹ `wiTeli~ _ weg-ivx{š} `ufro wiTeli~; laƒe¹

`maGali~ _ laƒ-ivx{š} `ufro maGali~; darste¹ `msxvili~ _

la tav ra
sa ni ki Ze

darst-ivx `ufro msxvili~...

4. -uxš sufiqsi gamoiKofa -o da a- xmovanfuZian saxeleb-

Si: daƒ´o¹ didi~ _ daƒ´-ux `ufro didi~; kawko¹ `patara~ _

zedsarTavi xelis risxis formamaTa warmoebis

Taobaze bacbur (wova-TuSur) enaSi

bacburSi gamoiKofa viTarebiTi da mimarTebiTi zedsarTa-

vi saxelebi.

viTarebiTi zedsarTavi saxelebi Cveulebriv bolovdeba na-

zalur xmovnebze: i¹ (Geli¹ susti~, Karyi¹ Savi~...), e¹ (Gaze¹

kargi~, Kah´e¹ `mware~...), u¹ (laxu¹ `dabali~, dacu¹ `mokle~...),

61

kawk-ux `ufro patara~...

zora¹ `mamaci~ _ zora-ux `ufro mamaci~...

zemoT moKvanili -x(º-xš), -vx(º-vx), -ivx(ºivxš), -uxš(ºxš)

sufiqsebi momdinareobs -xš<-xu sufiqsisagan, misi (-xu sufiq-

sis) nairsaxeoba SedarebiTi xarisxis formebSi fonetikuri

cvlilebebis (metaTezisi, xmovanTa SerwKma, monacvleoba, dif-

Tongizacia, asimilacia) Sedegia. nimuSad warmovadgenT -x(º-

xš), -vx(º-vx), -ivx(ºivxš), -uxš(ºxš) s u f i q s e b i s a T v i s

62
amosavali -xu sufiqsis cvlilebis T i T o S e m T x v e v a s: 1.

dacu-x(š) (`ufro mokle~) < dacu-u-x(š) < dacu-u-xu; 2. davi-

le van

az ma i fa raS vi li

vx (`ufro msubuqi~) < davi-uxš < davi-xu; 3. weg-ivxš (`ufro

wiTeli~) < wege-vxu < wege-uxu < wege-xu; 4. daƒ´-ux (`ufro di-

di~) < daƒ´-u-uxš < daƒ´o-uxš < daƒ´o-xu.

paraleluri formebi (amosavali da meoreuli) dasturde-

ba a. SifnerTan (1856), d. da n. qadagiZeebis `wova-TuSur-qar-

Tul-rusul leqsikonSi~ (1984), XX s.-is samocian wlebSi Cawe-

ril teqstebsa da Tanamedrove bacburSic: daƒ´ošx `ufro di-

di) º daƒ´ux; doxošx (`ufro dangreuli~) º doxux; Gazešx

(`ufro kargi~) º Gazevxš º Gazišx º Gazivx... dax´ex (`ufro

grZeli) º dax´ivx... mawrixš (`ufro tkbili~) º mawrivx; daqixš

(`ufro kargi~) º daqivx...

amosavalia zedsarTavi saxelis SedarebiTi xarisxis forme-

bi daƒ´ošx, doxoux... magram mawrixš, daqixš formebi meoreu-

lad SeiZleba miviCnioT: xarisxis formaSi daqivx... (vx sufiq-

sidan ikargeba v Tanxmovani (daqivx > daqix), v-s dakargva xSi-

rad iCens Tavs bacburSi. x ikavebs ufroobiTi xarisxis mawar-

moebeli sxva sufiqsebis adgils (Sdr. Gaze¹ `kargi~ _ Gazivx

º Gazix...

bacburi zedsarTavi saxelis SedarebiTi xarisxis -xu saer-

Toa CaCn. -xo, ing. -Ga sufiqsebTan.

CaCnur-inguSurSi zedsarTavis SedarebiTi xarisxis formas

SesaZlebelia hqondes zmnizedis mniSvnelobac (Sdr. rusuli

выше `ufro maGla~ º `maGla~) iseve, rogorc dadebiTi zed-

zog sintaqsur TaviseburebaTa Sesasaxeb xunZuZuri

enis anwuxur dialeqtSi

rogorc cnobilia, iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa didi nawilis

msgavsad, xunZur enaSi ar moipoveba `qona-yolis~ aRmniSvneli

zmnuri formebi. `qona-yolis~ semantika rom gadmosces, vTqvaT,

amdagvar winadadebaSi `Zmas cxeni hyavs~, xunZuri ena iyenebs

Semdegi saxis sintaqsur konstruqcias: vac´as´ul Cu bugo, zed-

miw. `Zmisa cxeni aris~ (= `hyavs~); aseTive tipisaa winadadeba:

dir „arac bugo, zedmiw. `Cemi fuli aris~ (= `maqvs~) da sxva;

anu aseT SemTxvevaSi meSveli zmna bugo (`aris~) realur subi-

eqts, rogorc wesi, marTavs naTesaobiT brunvaSi. `qona-yolis~

Sinaarsis gadmomcem am tipis konstruqcias specialistebi

uwodeben posesiur (resp. naTesaobiTian) konstruqcias (arn. Ci-

qobava, il. cercvaZe,1962).

magram `qona-yolis~ Sinaarss xunZur enaSi SeiZleba

gadmoscemdes sxva tipis sintaqsuri konstruqciac, romelSic

bugo (`aris~) meSvel zmnasTan realuri subieqti warmodgeni-

lia II seriis lokatiur brunvaSi. amrigad gvaqvs ori saxis

konstruqcia:

vac´as´u-l Cu bugo (RS naT. br.)

`Zmas cxeni hyavs~

sarTavi saxelisa da zmnizedis SemTxvevaSi.

bacburSi SeiniSneba aGmatebiTi da odnaobiTi xarisxis

vac´as´u-ƒ

Cu bugo (RS II ser. lokat. br.)

formebis CamoKalibebis tendencia y da ka‡ nawilakebiT: y na-

wilaki daerTvis zedsarTavis SedarebiTi xarisxis formas

(Gazexu-y (`Zalian kargi~, `saukeTeso~) < Gazexu (`ufro kar-

gi~) + y nawilaki), ka‡ nawilaki _ zedsarTavi saxelis saxelo-

biTi brunvis formas (Gaze¹ka‡ (`cotaTi kargi~) < Gaze¹ (`kar-

gi~) _ ka‡ nawilaki.

`qona-yolis~ Sinaarsis gadmomcemi winadadebebi, romle-

bic II seriis lokatiuri brunvis formian realur subieqts

Seicaven, xunZur enaSi jer kidev

p. uslarma daadastura (p. uslari, 1889). rogorc amJamad ga-

rkveulia, naTesaobiTiani (posesiuri) konstruqciis winadade-

bebisagan II seriis lokativiani winadadebebi gamoirCevian imiT,

rom maTi meSveobiT gadmoicema risame droebiT flobis

Sina-

arsi (z. malaeva, 2008).

II seriis adgilobiT brunviani analogiuri konstruqcia

moepoveba anwuxur dialeqtsac (vemyarebiT yvarlis r-nis sof.

63

64

TivSi mosaxle anwuxeli xunZebis toxur-Wadaqolour metyve-

viTarebas warmogvidgens zmna-Sesityveba rot¾i q´eze `Seyvare-

lebas), oRond saliteraturo (resp. Crdilouri xunZuris)

-ƒ

ba~, mag., saliteraturo xunZurSi: has´ul rot¾i q´ana do

formantis nacvlad aq mis funqciur Sesatyvisad gvevlineba

sufiqsi -x, mag., baba-x bugu dir „araS `dedas aqvs Cemi fuli~

(zedmiw. `dedasTan aris Cemi fuli~), di-x hedinab hunar Te‡u

`me aseTi SesaZlebloba ar gamaCnia~ (amJamad da ara saer-

Tod)...

warmovadgenT sxva magaliTebsac anwuxuri -x lokativis

(saliteraturo xunZuris -ƒ formantis funqciuri Sesatyvi-

sis) winadadebebSi gamoyenebisa.

asalÀ´u-ƒ `mas Seuyvarda is gogo~. es winadadeba anwuxurad

aseTi iqneba: Rus´ul rot¾i x½ala he aalÀ´-x (forma aalÀ´-x ←

aalÀ´-u-x ← as-alÀ´-u-x, as `gogo, qaliSvili~)...

saliteraturo xunZurSi cnobilia II seriis lokatiuri

brunvis kidev erTi daniSnuleba. rogorc dadgenilia, subieq-

ti II seriis elativis formaSi gamoiyeneba agreTve uneblie,

SemTxveviTi moqmedebis semantikis gamosaxatavad (z. malaeva,

2007). II seriis lokatiuri brunvis formanti -ƒ elativis (da-

saliteraturo xunZurSi (resp. Crdilour xunZurSi), sxva

cilebiTis) formaSi iqneba -ƒ-a.

magaliTad: lit. di-ƒ-a heb

konstruqciaTa Soris, Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba Semdegi saxis

ori konstruqcia:

t¾e di-e tex½

`momeci me wigni!~

t¾e di--e tex½

anwuxurSi am winadadebebs Seesatyviseba:

t¾e dib-e tex½

`momeci me wigni!~

Ralat q´ana `me es Secdoma uneburad momivida~ (zedmiw. `Cem-

gan es Secdoma moxda~...anwuxurSic uneburobis semantikas

gadmoscems subieqti elativis formaSi, Tumca saliteraturo

enisagan gansxvavebiT, igi warmodgenilia I seriis adgilobiTi

brunvis elativis formiT: anw. di-s´ heb Ralat x½a `me es Se-

cdoma uneburad momivida~ (anw. di-s´ ← di-da-s´a)...

lit. di-ƒ-a isTaqan beqana

`me Wiqa gamityda~

(zedmiw. `Cemgan Wiqa gatyda~)

anw. di-s´ isTaqan beqtva

t¾e di-x tex½

Sdr. lit. di-c´a (RS erg. br.) isTaqan beqana `me Wiqa ga-

nacvalsaxelTa lokativiani formebi (lit. di-ƒ-e, anw.

di-x) ramdenadme gansxvavdebian micemiTiani formebisagan (lit.

di-e, anw. dib-e) imiT, rom winadadebebSi isini gadmoscemen

aseT semantikur niuanss: `momeci wigni ramdenime xniT~, `ma-

Txove wigni~...

saliteraturo xunZurSi moipoveba calkeuli iseTi zmne-

bi, romlebTanac iribi damateba II seriis lokatiur brunvaSi

daismis xolme; aseTi zmnebia, magaliTad, b-alahize `cqera, yu-

reba~, b-alahun W´eze `lodini~ da sxva. anwuxur dialeqtSi Se-

sabamis zmnebTan iribi damateba Cveulebriv -x sufiqsiT ga-

formebuli gvxvdeba. magaliTebi sofel Tivis metyvelebidan:

qinulgu du-x lahu rugu `yvelani Sen giyureben~ (Sdr. lit.

qinalgo du-ƒ ralahun rugo), mun lahu w´a di-x lÀ´a `Sen da-

melode me aq!~ (Sdr. lit. mun valahun W´a di-ƒ haniv!)... msgavs

65

vtexe (ganzrax)~, anw. di-l¶ (RS erg. br.) isTaqan beqa...

sof. Tivis anwuxelTa metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba agreTve Ta-

viseburi morfema -dax. es anwuxuri forma saliteraturo

xunZurSi efardeba II seriis alativis (mimarTulebiTis) -ƒ-e

formas. magaliTebi: lit. di-ƒ-e royos´an x´abar S´veWo, zed-

miw. `Cem-Tan-ken saxlidan ambavi ar movida~ (`Sinidan ambavi ar

momsvlia~), Sdr. anw. di-dax ruyis´ x´abar S´veleWu; lit.

duc´a vac´as´u-ƒ-e qaRaT ƒvaWiS´ `Sen Zmas (zedmiw. `Zmas-Tan-ken~)

werili ar miswere?~, Sdr. anw. dul¶ vac´as´-dax qaRaT ƒvaWiS´?

da sxva.

rogorc Cans, anwuxurSi morfema -dax warmomavlobiT

unda iyos I seriis lokatiuri brunvis formanti -da, romel-

sac darTuli aqvs mimarTulebis (alativis) gamomxatveli anwu-

xuri sufiqsi -x (-da-x).

66
anwuxuri dialeqtis sintaqsur TaviseburebaTa magaliTe-

bad SeiZleba moviyvanoT agreTve Semdegi faqtebi:

saliteraturo enaSi zmna rixine (`siZulvili~) grZnoba-

aRqmis gamomxatveli sxva ramdenime zmnis (verba sentiendi) msgav-

sad realur subieqts, rogorc wesi, moiTxovs I seriis loka-

tiuri brunvis formaSi (-da formantiT), xolo sof. Tivis an-

wuxur metyvelebaSi imave mniSvnelobis zmna b-ih´zi (salitera-

turosagan gansxvavebiT igi cvalebadia klasisa da ricxvis mi-

xedviT) realur subieqts micemiT brunvaSi marTavs: di-v-e v-ih´-

non Ra `me (RS mic. br.) mZuls igi (kaci)~, di--e -ih´non Re

`me (RS mic. br.) mZuls igi (qali)~; Sdr. lit. lit. di-da (RS

I seriis lokat. br.) rixun vugo dov, di-da rixun igo do.

safiqrebelia, rom es movlena Sepirobebulia sapirispiro

mniSvnelobis (`siyvaruli~) mqone zmnasTan analogiiT: anw. b-

at¾Ji `yvareba~ (lit. b-ot¾ize), anw. di-v-e v-at¾ana Ra `me (RS

mic. br.) miyvars igi (kaci)~, Sdr. lit. di--e v-ot¾ula dov;

anw. di--e -at¾ana Re `me (RS mic. br.) miyvars igi (qali)~,

(Sdr. sak. did. et…-a "id".) `dasxma~, sak. beJ. ako < ak…o

hunz. roɺku <*roɺk…o (Sdr. xvar. lok…a "id".) da misT.

2. marTalia, sxva didour enebSi labializebuli kom-

pleqsis gamartivebis SemTxvevebi dasturdeba (bifonemuri kom-

pleqsebi fakultaturad icvlebian martivi TanxmovnebiT), mag-

ram igi Tanamimdevrulad da bolomde mxolod beJitur enaSi

aris gatarebuli. amas cxadyofs ara mxolod zemodamowmebuli

Zireuli masala, aramed sxva enaTagan SeTvisebuli leqsikac,

mag.: xunZ. q…en > beJ. qen `saWmeli~, qarT. Rvino > beJ. Rino...

3. labializebuli kompleqsebis gamartiveba Sepirobebu-

li Cans rogorc uSualod fonetikuri faqtoriT (mezobel

bgeraTa zegavleniT), ise wyvilbagismieri artikulaciis Sesus-

tebiT, rac damaxasiaTebelia ara mxolod beJiturisTvis, ara-

med zogadi niSania am enaTa sinamdvilisTvis.

Sdr. lit. di--e -ot¾ula do da sxva.

ro man

lo lua

predikatuli tagmis konstruqciebisasaTvis

udiur enaSi

no dar

ar do te li

udiur enaSi predikatuli sintagmis oTxi tipis kon-

struqcia gamoiyofa; esenia: nominatiuri, ergatiuli, datiuri

labializebuli kompleqsis gamartivebisaTvis

Jitur enaSi

1. labializebuli kompleqsi, sxva axlomonaTesave enaTa-

gan gansxvavebiT, niSandoblivi ar aris beJituri enisaTvis. C

+ W struqturis kompleqsi faqtobriv ori fonemis SemWidro-

ebul ariTmetikul jams udris da, aqedan gamomdinare, specia-

lur literaturaSi delabializaciis procesze saubari piro-

biTia [ix. xalilovi 1995: 393]. sinamdvileSi bifonemuri kom-

pleqsis pirveli an meore komponentis sxvadasxvagvari gziT

(Serwyma, superacia, metaTezisi...) dakargvis faqtebi gvaqvs,

mag.: sak: beJ. …o <*R…o, hunz. …– < R…– (Sdr. sak. did. RÀ…a:

hin. R…e: xvar. RÀ…e `id".). `ZaRli~, sak. beJ. git-al <*git…-al

67

(inversiuli), posesiuri (genitiuri). piris nacvalsaxelTa su-

bieqtad gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vilaparakoT indefi-

nituri konstruqciis Sesaxeb (udiur enaSi piris nacvalsaxel-

Ta saxelobiTisa da ergativisaTvis erTi forma gvaqvs).

nominatiur konstruqciaSi, sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa

msgavsad, udiurSi predikats gardauvali zmna warmoadgens, xo-

lo subieqts _ nominativiT warmodgenili saxeli (gauforme-

beli fuZe).

ergatiuli konstruqciis Semadgeneli nawilebia: gardama-

vali zmna da masTan dakavSirebuli ori saxeli _ realuri

subieqti ergativSi da pirdapiri obieqti micemiTsa an saxe-

lobiTSi. pirdapiri obieqtis gadmocema micemiTis formiT

mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enaTagan mxolod udiurisTvisaa dama-

68

xasiaTebeli. aRsaniSnavia, rom ergativSi dasmuli saxeli ram-

denime erTpirian (axSum-es `sicili~; axSum-f-es `gacineba~) da

grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebTanac gvevlineba realur subieqtad.

datiur (inversiul) konstruqcias ociode zmna qmnis.

unda aRiniSnos, rom nijur kiloSi datiuri konstruqcia

mTlianad moSlilia, xolo varTaSnulSi igi moSlis pirasaa

misuli _ amJamad, rogorc wesi, verba sentiendi-s tipis zmnebis

subieqti dasmulia ergatiul brunvaSi, Tumca jer kidev XIX s.

li saxeli. zmna bu `yofnis~ mniSvnelobiTac gamoiyeneba (mag.,

zu bu-zu `me var~) da aseT SemTxvevaSi igi nominatiur kon-

struqcias qmnis.

gansxvavebuli viTareba dasturdeba nijis dialeqtSi. var-

TaSnul kiloSi `qona~-`yolis~ aRmniSvneli zmnis konstruqci-

isTvis (nij. f u) damaxasiaTebeli posesiuri (genetiuri) seri-

is piris niSnebi Seicvala micemiT-subieqtiani seriis piris

niSnebiT, Tumca misi subieqti, varTaSnulis msgavsad, naTesao-

dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi, rogorc udiuri teqstobrivi

biTi brunvis formiTaa warmodgenili, mag.: z ø q ø r - ø 

f u-

masalidan irkveva (udiuri oTxTavi, zRapari `rustam~, udiuri

saanbano-sakiTxavi wigni `samji d„s~ da sxva), varTaSnulSi Ta-

nabrad gamoiyeneboda micemiTi da ergatiuli brunvis formebi

(bunebrivia, grZnoba-aRqmis zmnaTa subieqtis dasma ergativSi

meoreuli movlenaa): te vaxta i s us - a andax- t u -bi iCen iC-

boS, Te Werine iCxo zor `maSin iesom (mic.) igrZno Tavis Tav-

Si, rom mas Zala gamosvlia (warTmevia)~ (mrk. 5, 30);

T u x -i sa Cuvux, iC c i eTør `zaqarias (naT.) hyavda coli,

misi saxelia eTeri~...

grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebis Semcvleli datiuri konstruqcia

nijurSi, varTaSnulisagan gansxvavebiT, Seicvala ergatiuliT:

subieqtad verba sentiendi zmnebTan mxolod ergativSi dasmuli

saxeli gvxvdeba da, amasTan, gamoiyeneba saxelobiT-ergativiani

seriis piris niSnebi.

magram:

Setabaxtin-Te

i ro d - e n

bu- t u -ysa
„elax

udiurSi iribi obieqtis brunva yvela konstruqciasTan

†urukane `radganac rodes (erg.) surs bavSvi moZebnos (mT.

2, 13).

miuxedavad imisa, rom subieqti ergativSia dasmuli,

grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebi varTaSnulSi inarCuneben micemiT-subieq-

tiani seriis piris niSnebs, rac gvaZlevs kidec datiuri kon-

struqciis gamoyofis safuZvels.

udiur enaSi datiuri konstruqcia Taviseburebas iCens:

predikatad aseT konstruqciaSi, grZnoba-aRqmis gardauvali

zmnebis garda, gardamavali zmnebic gvevlineba: ababaq-es `cod-

na~; ak-es `xedva~; andaxb-es `grZnoba~; baq-es (rodesac gamoiye-

neba `SeZlebis~ mniSvnelobiT); buy-es (rodesac gamoiyeneba

`Seyvarebis~, `ndomis~, `mosurvebis~ mniSvnelobiT); ibaq-es `mo-

smena~; ixb-es `mogoneba~, `gaxseneba~; Calx-es `cnoba~.

realuri obieqti, ergatiuli konstruqciis msgavsad,

aqac saxelobiTsa an micemiTSi gveqneba.

posesiur (genitiur) konstruqcias mxolod erTi defeq-

turi zmna bu `qona~, `yola~ qmnis (is mxolod awmyosa da na-

myo-uwyvetelis droebs awarmoebs, xolo danarCen paradigmas

baq-es `yofa~, `arseboba~ `gaxdoma~ zmnis dro-kiloebi avseben).

posesiuri konstruqciis subieqtia naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmu-

aris micemiTi. amas garda, irib obieqtad SeiZleba superasivi-

sa da -laxo `ze~, `zeda~ TandebuldarTuli naTesaobiTis

formiT Segvxdes.