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Voz Pasiva
Hablaremos en esta ocasión sobre un recurso
gramatical de gran importancia en la lengua
inglesa: la voz pasiva. Para comenzar
estableceremos la diferencia con el lenguaje que
utilizamos habitualmente llamado voz activa en
el cual la acción del verbo recae sobre el sujeto
mientras que en la voz pasiva la acción del verbo
recae sobre el objeto.
Observa los siguientes ejemplos:
Voz Activa
Voz Pasiva
Presente Continuo My brother is studying the lesson. The lesson is being studied by my brother.
Pasado Continuo My brother was studying the lesson. The lesson was being studied by my brother.
Presente Perfecto My brother has studied the lesson. The lesson has been studied by my brother.
Pasado Perfecto My brother had studied the lesson. The lesson had been studied by my brother.
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA: REGLAS
PRACTICAS EN 4 PASOS.
1. La voz pasiva se forma con el verbo to
be conjugado más el participio del verbo
principal.
En inglés es mucho más frecuente que en español
y, normalmente, aparece cuando no es importante
quien realiza una acción sino el hecho en sí. Por
eso, no siempre que veamos una pasiva, tenemos
que traducirlo literalmente, puesto que en español
suena más forzado. Sólo es posible el uso de la
voz pasiva con verbos transitivos (verbos que
llevan complemento directo).
VOZ ACTIVA VOZ PASIVA
Tom writes a letter A letter is written by Tom
Tom is writing a letter A letter is being written by Tom
Tom was writing a letter A letter was being written by Tom
Tom wrote a letter A letter was written by Tom
Tom has written a letter A letter has been written by Tom
Tom had written a letter A letter had been written by Tom
Tom will write a letter A letter will be written by Tom
Tom is going to write a letter A letter is going to be written by
Tom can write a letter Tom
Tom could write a letter A letter can be written by Tom
Tom must write a letter A letter could be written by Tom
Tom may write a letter A letter must be written by Tom
Tom might write a letter A letter may be written...
A letter might be written...
2. El sujeto agente se expresa con by.
ACTIVE:
› I don't like people telling me what to do
PASSIVE:
› I don't like being told what to do
En ocasiones en las que ocurre algo a veces imprevisto, no planeado o fortuito para la
formación de la voz pasiva se prefiere usar get y no be:
get hurt,
get annoyed,
get divorced,
get married,
get invited,
get bored,
get lost
3. Las construcciones impersonales
PASSIVE 1:
› Cathy is thought to work very hard.
› (Se piensa que Cathy...)
PASSIVE 2:
› It is thought that Cathy works very hard.
› (Se piensa que Cathy...)
ACTIVE:
› They believe Tom is wearing a white pullover.
PASSIVE 1:
› Tom is believed to be wearing a white pullover.
› (Se cree que...)
PASSIVE 2:
› It is believed that Tom is wearing a white pullover. (
› Se cree que...)
4. USOS ADICIONALES DE SUPPOSE