EXCEDENTE DEL

CONSUMIDOR Y
DEL PRODUCTOR
 PRESENTADO POR:

LAUREN VIVIANA URRESTE VALENCIA

LAURA DANIELA GIRALDO MACHADO
MARIA JOSE ESTUPIÑAN MONTOYA
LEICY NALLELY RIASCOS RIASCOS
NORA PACHECHO SILVA

MICROECONOMIA
 EXCEDENTES
01
 Del consumidor.
 Del productor.
 Total de un mercado
competitive.
EFICIENCIA
02
 Cantidad de equilibrio.
 Perdida irrecuperable.

VARIACION DEL PRECIO

03
 Control de precio cuando la demanda es inelástica.
 Perdida del bienestar cuando se mantiene un precio
superior al del mercado
EXCEDENTE DEL
COSTO BENEFICIO
CONSUMIDOR Y DEL 04
PRODUCTOR  Analisis
 ¿QUE ES EXCEDENTE?
Hace referencia a las cantidades que sobran de algo, a nivel productivo. Especialmente aquellas
cantidades que sobran de un determinado producto una vez que este ha satisfecho por completo las
necesidades de sus compradores.

1. DEL CONSUMIDOR

2. DEL PRODUCTOR
 EXCEDENTE
DEL
CONSUMIDOR
Es la diferencia entre la disposición a pagar por un
bien y el precio que los consumidores pagan
realmente por él. Es el bienestar o beneficio que
disfrutan los consumidores cuando pagan un precio
más bajo que el precio que estaban dispuestos a
pagar.

FORMULA
 EXCEDENTE
DEL
PRODUCTOR
Es la diferencia entre el precio al que el productor
vende y su disposición para vender a determinada
cantidad. Es el bienestar o beneficio que disfrutan los
productores cuando venden a un precio más alto que
el precio al que estaban dispuestos a vender.

FORMULA
 EXCEDENTE
TOTAL
La suma de los excedentes del consumidor y del
productor. Representa el beneficio monetario total de
los consumidores y los productores cuando sienten
que obtuvieron un mejor precio por un producto.

FORMULA
EJEMPLO
Suponga que los consumidores están dispuestos a
pagar un precio máximo de $150 por un quintal de
café. Los productores de café estarán dispuestos a
recibir como mínimo $80 por un quintal de café. En el
mercado, el precio del café es de $110 y a ese precio
se venden $500 quintales. Calcule:
A. El excedente del consumidor.
B. El excedente del productor.
C. El excedente total.
 EJEMPLO
PRACTICA

L
 ¿QUE ES EFICIENCIA?

En economía, eficiencia se refiere a la correcta distribución de los

recursos que permiten alcanzar el mayor bienestar general
optimizando el uso de estos.

PLANIFICADOR SOCIAL BENEVOLENTE

Un dictador conocido por todo el mundo, que lo sabe todo y que
busca maximizar el bienestar económico de toda la sociedad.
EFICIENCIA DE LA
CANTIDAD DE
EQUILIBRIO
Un mercado en equilibrio es eficiente, lo cual
significa que los recursos se asignan de la mejor
manera posible para maximizar el bienestar total
entre los consumidores y los productores.
 EJEMPLO
Si el mercado de pizzas es eficiente, ¿Cuál es el excedente del consumidor, el excedente del
productor y el excedente total?

PRECIO CANTIDAD DEMANDADA CANTIDAD OFRECIDA

2 950 1

3 800 50

5 600 180 E.C

7 350 350 E.
P
9 250 600

12 75 750

15 1 900
 PERDIDA IRRECUPERABLE DE LA
EFICIENCIA

STRENGTHS En economía, la pérdida irrecuperable de eficiencia es una

THREATS
pérdida de eficiencia económica que puede ocurrir cuando el
S T equilibrio para un bien o servicio no es óptimo. Para que
exista, debe suceder o bien que las personas que tendrían
mayor utilidad marginal que coste marginal no estén
comprando el producto o bien que las personas que tendrían
mayor coste marginal que utilidad marginal estén comprando
WEAKNESS

W O el producto.

OPPORTUNITIES
 DETERMINANTES DE LA PERDIDA
IRRECUPERABLE DE LA EFICIENCIA
PRIMERO

CUANDO MAYOR SEA LA ELASTICIDAD DE LA DEMANDA Y DE LA OFERTA

Mayor será la caída en la cantidad de equilibrio.

Mayor será la pérdida irrecuperable de eficiencia.

SEGUNDO

LOS INGRESOS FISCALES CUANDO VARIAN LOS IMPUESTOS

Con cada aumento en el tipo impositivo.
Los impuestos siempre producen una pérdida irrecuperable de eficiencia
La razón es que la cantidad que recauda el gobierno es siempre inferior a la
reducción en el excedente de consumidores y productores
La diferencia entre ambos se llama pérdida irrecuperable o carga excesiva.
 ¿Cómo afectan los impuestos al
01 bienestar económico de los
participantes en un mercado?

La pérdida irrecuperable de eficiencia y

02 las ganancias del comercio.

3. ¿Qué es lo que determina si la

03 pérdida irrecuperable de eficiencia de
un impuesto es pequeña o grande?

¿Cómo afectan las elasticidades de la

04 oferta y la demanda a la perdida
irrecuperable de eficiencia provocada por
un impuesto?
 Grafica del efecto que se produce en cada caso.

10%

40%

20%

30%
 La pérdida irrecuperable de eficiencia y los
ingresos fiscales cuando varían los impuestos

 
Perdida irrecuperable de la eficiencia e
impuestos fiscales.

6. ¿Qué ocurre con la perdida irrecuperable de eficiencia y

con los ingresos fiscales cuando se sube un impuesto?
 
Caso Práctico: El debate sobre la perdida
irrecuperable de la eficiencia
 DEMANDA INELASTICA
CONCEPTO

Es aquella demanda que se muestra poco sensible ante un cambio en el precio. De esta forma, ante
una variación en el precio, la cantidad demandada reacciona de manera menos que proporcional. Es
decir, si el precio aumenta en un 10% y como respuesta la cantidad demandada se reduce menos de un
10%, entonces se dice que la demanda es inelástica.

DETERMINANTES

 Cuando no existen o hay poca disponibilidad de bienes sustitutos.

 Los bienes que el consumidor considera imprescindibles tienen una demanda más inelástica.

AFECTACION EN LA ESTRATEGIA DE PRECIOS

 Estrategia de precios dinámicos.

 Rebajas y descuentos.
 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
2020

GASOLIN NECESIDADES ARTICULOS

A LA COMIDA ARTICULOS
DEL HOGAR DE DE LUJO
COLECCION

EJEMPLOS
 DEFINICION
Un análisis de coste-beneficio es el
proceso de comparar los costes y los
beneficios u oportunidades
estimados asociados con la decisión
de un proyecto. Es una técnica
importante dentro del ámbito de la 
teoría de la decisión. Este método se
aplica a obras sociales, proyectos
colectivos o individuales, empresas
privadas, planes de negocios, etc.,
prestando atención a la importancia y
cuantificación de sus consecuencias
sociales o económicas.

AWESOME
ANALISIS
PRESENTATION
COSTO-BENEFICIO
 ¿POR QUE UTILIZARLO?
1. Evaluar si 3. Determinar si un
una inversión de 5. Comparar una 7. Establecer metas para
proyecto o cambio
capital merece la pena iniciativa de el proyecto en sí.
operativo es
factible marketing con
otra

1. 7.
2. 6.
3. 5.
2. Decidir si 4.
contratar o no
6. Priorizar las
nuevos empleados
inversiones
4. Desarrollar un
benchmarking para
comparar proyectos
 1. Se basa en datos 1. Es dificil predecir
todas las variables

DE
JAS SV
2. Simplifica las A EN 2. La fiabilidad depende
NT TA
decisiones VE JA de los datos que se
S
utilicen.
3. Puedes descubrir costes y
beneficios ocultos 3. Es más adecuado para
proyectos de corta y
mediana duración
VARIABLES DETERMINANTES
COSTO DE LA
PRODUCCIÒN ARRENDAMIENTO
1. 2.

SUMINISTRO 6. 3. EMPLEADOS

IMPUESTOS 5. 4. VOLUMEN DE VENTAS

 EJEMPLO
Supongamos que queremos montar una empresa de exportación de mangos (la fruta)
a EE.UU. y nuestra proyección de ventas es de 10.000 mangos mensuales a un precio
unitario de 1 euro. A su vez, consideremos que todos los costos antes del pago de
tributos equivalen al 50% de las ventas y que la tasa de impuestos es de 25%.
Otro asunto a considerar es que la época de consumo de mangos es de 6 meses al
año. Entonces, realizamos la siguiente proyección de coste-beneficio.
 CONCLUSION

01 Para finalizar, el excedente del productor y del consumidor…

02
03
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