Dirección de Preparatoria Abierta

Estado de México

Material de apoyo didáctico:

(40) Inglés IV
“ACTUALIZACIÓN”
Cuarto Semestre

Consideraciones para uso:

- El material didáctico sólo es un referente para la mejor comprensión de
los libros de texto y alcanzar los objetivos planteados.
- Está basado en los libros de texto y programas de estudio que
comprende el Plan Tradicional de Preparatoria Abierta

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 INGLES 4

Attached Question or Tag Questions

Función de Tag Questions

Las oraciones gramaticales pueden cambiar a una pregunta de yes/no

agregándoles un tag question al final de la oración.

El tag question en alguno de sus cambios gramaticales en inglés, se traducirá al

español por ¿Verdad? O ¿No es cierto?

Ejemplos:

Si la oración precedente es afirmativa, el tag question deberá ser

negativo.

Tag question
Affirmative negative affirmative answer

They are apples, aren’t they? Yes, they are

Si la oración precedente es negativa, el tag question deberá ser

afirmativo.

Negative affirmative negative answer

Mr. Jones wasn’t at home this morning, was he? No, he wasn’t

FORMACION DE TAG QUESTIONS EN DIFERENTES TIEMPOS VERBALES

-Presente y Pasado del verbo to be
Cuando en la oración gramatical se usa el verbo to be (am, is, are, was o were), éste mismo
se utiliza en el Tag Question. Toma en cuenta que los adverbios de frecuencia negativos
(never, seldom o rarely), también se usan para negar.

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Ejemplo:
His box is never closed, is it?
The students are reading their books now, aren´t they? Yes, they are
They were eating potatoes yesterday, weren´t they? No, they weren´t

-Pasado simple
Cuando el verbo está en tiempo pasado simple, se usara el auxiliary didn´t en el Tag
Question.
Mary cooked a good cake yesterday, didn’t she? Yes, she did
Luis didn´t go to the party, did he? No, he didn´t

-Presente Simple
Cuando el verbo esta en presente simple, en el Tag Question se utilizara como auxiliar don´t
o doesn´t dependiendo del sujeto.
Cats run very fast, don´t they? Yes, they do
You don´t read without glasses, do you? No, I don´t
Julio doesn´t want to give Mary the letter, does he? No, he doesn´t

-Verbos Modales: can, could, should, would, may, might etc

Cuando el verbo de una oración es precedida por uno o más auxiliares, el primer auxiliar se
repite en el Tag Question.
I can swim faster than you, can´t I? Yes, you can
Boys shouldn´t fight, should they? No, they shouldn´t

-Presente y Pasado Perfecto: has, have y had

The baby hasn´t had his cereal yet, has he? Yes, he hasn´t
We have won the race, haven´t we? Yes, we have

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Si te diste cuenta cuando la oración es afirmativa, la Tag Question es negativa y la respuesta
que se da es afirmativa. O bien, cuando la oración es negativa, la Tag Question es afirmativa
y la respuesta que se da es negativa. Esto sucede porque el hablante “induce” la respuesta
al afirmar o negar la oración y después se espera una sola respuesta cuando se pregunta
“¿verdad?”.

EVALUACION 1
Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la respuesta correcta.
1.- The children _________ reading their books now, _________?
a) are / are they b) are / they are c) are / aren´t they d) are / they aren´t

2.-He _________ tired after the game, ___________ he?

a) did / did b) was / wasn't c) did / didn't d) wasn't / wasn't

3.- My grades have been satisfactory, ______________?

a) have they b) haven´t they c) have they been d) haven´t they been

4.-You have to go home at six, _________________?

a) haven't you to b) you have to c) don't you d) you do

5.-Mr. Wilson lives in a large house, ___________ he?

a) is b) does c) isn't d) doesn't

6.- The children didn´t go to bed, ______________?

a) didn´t he b) he did c) did they d) they did
7.-We ___________ tell Ronald the truth, _______ we? Yes, it´s our duty.

a would / would b) mustn't / mustn't c) should / shouldn't d) haven't / have

8.-You’ve had a wonderful time, ______________ you?

a)had b) have c) hadn´t d) haven´t
9.- You have to play at 6:00 o´clock, ____________?
a) doesn´t you b) don´t you c) do you d) does you
10.- She ________ happy after the party, __________ she?
a) have / haven´t b) wasn´t / wasn´t c) was / wasn´t d) haven´t / have

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 STILL / ANYMORE

Reglas de Still (todavía o aún)

Indica que la actividad no ha cambiado es la misma previamente.
1.- Se pone después del verbo “to be” en oraciones afirmativas.
Eg. –The boy is still running.
-He is still sick.
2.- Se pone antes del verbo “to be” en oraciones negativas.
Eg. –The elephant still isn´t in the cage
-He still isn´t well
3.- Se pone antes de otros verbos en oraciones afirmativas y negativas.
Eg. –He still Works
-She still loves you but he has decided not to see you

Reglas de Anymore (ya)

Indica que la actividad que era previamente afirmativa ahora cambia a negativa.
1.-Va al final de una oración.
2.- Indica que una oración ya “NO” se realiza y sólo va en oraciones negativas.
Eg. -Laura can´t walk anymore.
-He isn´t sick anymore.
-He doesn´t work anymore.

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 ALREADY / YET

Reglas de Already (ya)

Normalmente se refiere a periodos de tiempo cortos y se refiere a que una actividad ya ha
sido completada.
1.-Already se usa en oraciones afirmativas o negativas e indica que algo ya está realizado.
Eg. -Is it time to eat? No, it´s only 11 o´clock but my boy is hungry already.
-Is Jane going to finish her house work? No, she is tired already.
2.-Algunas veces “already” va al final de la oración; pero en oraciones que llevan el verbo
“to be”, generalmente va después de éste.
3.-En oraciones de presente o pasado perfecto already siempre se pone despues de “has”
y “have”
Eg. -Will she wash clothes on Tuesday? She has already washed them.
-He has already bought a car.

Reglas de Yet (todavía o aún)

Normalmente se refiere a periodos de tiempo largos y se refiere a una actividad que no ha
sido completada.
1.-Yet va en oraciones negativas y significa que todavía no se está realizando una acción.
2.-“Yet” generalmente va al final de una oración corta o puede ir antes del verbo principal
si el predicado es largo.
Eg. -I am not hungry yet.
-I haven´t yet seen the girl who is asking for the job.

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 EVALUACION 2
Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la respuesta correcta.
1.- Mary and Joan are __________ friends.
a) yet b) anymore c) still d) is still
2.-What a pity! Bob Sands ________ sing ____________. He lost his voice.

a) can / already b) can't / already c) can / anymore d) can't / anymore

3.-Tom and Lucy _____________ study ________________________.

a) will / anymore b) will / already c) won't / anymore d) won't / already

4.-You ____________ sent the telegram ______________!

a) have / yet b) have / still c) haven't / yet d) haven't / still

5.-The boys aren´t playing the piano ______________. They are very tired.
a) yet b) is still c) still d) anymore

6.-Jane ___________ here _______________.

a) is / yet b) is / still c) isn't / yet d) ins't / still

7.-Your car ___________ repaired ______________.

a) is / yet b) has / already c) isn't / yet d) hasn't / already

8.-Carmen and Luis __________ work ___________.

a) will / anymore b) will / already c) won´t / anymore d) won´t / already

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 USO DE VERBOS

Existen verbos que tienen varios significados y sólo se les puede entender por el contexto
en el que se encuentran.
A continuación se te dan esos significados y algunos ejemplos de su uso.

SHINE: emitir luz, brillar, bolear (sacar brillo)

Her hair shines like the sun, doesn´t it?
The boys shines shoes every day, don´t they?

RISE: pararse o moverse hacia arriba

A man usually rises to offer a seat to the ladies

RAISE: elevar, alzar cultivar, criar, educar, incrementar (sueldo)

Tom raises the window for his mother. It is hot today.
The farmer raises corn in his mother
The boss raises my salary every year.

LIE: recargarse en una superficie, ponerse.

The boy lies
on the floor doing his homework.
He lay on the rug an hour ago.

LAY: poner, colocar.

The boy lays his books on the floor.

SIT: descansar.
Mary sits at the table now
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SET: poner en un logar, colocar.
Mary sets the table for her mother.
She set the dishes on the table five minutes ago.

DRAW: pintar, dibujar, jalar empujar, obtener (dinero), atraer, llamar la atención y cerrar.
Peter draws the teacher on the blackboard now.
I have to draw out money from the bank today.

EVALUACION 3
Elige la opción que mejor complete las siguientes oraciones.
1.-The sun __________ at 5 A. M. everyday.

a) sets b) sits c) rises d) raises

2.- I will ________________ a diagram on the blackboard.

a) draw b) set c) lay d) shine
3.-The students who had done the work ________ their hands.

a) lay b) laid c) rose d) raised

4.-You look very tired. ____________ your baby on the bed.

a) Set b) Lie c) Lay d) Sit

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 VOZ PASIVA

Para hablar de la voz pasiva en inglés, será necesario que se explique en español debido a
la dificultad que representa.
Existen dos formas para hablar de algo concreto y tal vez, lógico. Estas son: la voz activa y
la voz pasiva.
Para decir algo en voz activa se necesita: un sujeto, un verbo conjugado y un complemento
directo.
Sujeto Verbo Complemento Directo

La niña compra dulces

Esta oración pasará a voz pasiva si se realizan los siguientes cambios: el sujeto pasa al final
de la oración precedida por la palabra “por” (“by” en Inglés). El complemento directo pasa
al principio como sujeto de la oración pasiva; y lo más importante, el verbo pasará como
perífrasis verbal. Es decir según el tiempo del verbo en la voz activa en la voz pasiva se pone
el verbo “ser” en ese mismo tiempo y se aumenta el verbo de la activa, solo que este
quedará en participio.

Voz activa: La niña compra dulces (en la tienda….)

S V CP

Voz pasiva: Los dulces son comprados por la niña (en la tienda…)
S perífrasis v. C. agente

Aunque no se ponga el complemento agente a los demás circunstanciales lo importante en

la oración pasiva es que aparezca la perífrasis verbal sin olvidar respetar el tiempo verbal
de la oración activa.

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 Ejemplos de Voz Activa a Voz Pasiva.

Tense Subject Verb Object

writes a letter.
Simple Present Active: Rita

Passive: A letter is written by Rita.

Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by Rita.

Present Perfect Active: Rita has written a letter.

Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.

Future I Active: Rita will write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.

Hilfsverben Active: Rita should write a letter.

Passive: A letter should be written by Rita.

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 Tense Subject Verb Object

is writing a letter.
Present Progressive Active: Rita

Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.

Past Progressive Active: Rita was writing a letter.

Passive: A letter was being written by Rita.

Past Perfect Active: Rita had written a letter.

Passive: A letter had been written by Rita.

EVALUACION 4

Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la respuesta correcta.

1.-John ___________ not ____________the French lesson daily.

a) is / gave b) does / gave c) is / given d) does / given

2.-Jane's husband was ____________ to jail.

a) take b) took c) taken d) taking

3.-A tragic collision has been ____________ by our agents.

a) report b) reported c) to report d) reporting

4.-The book ____________ be ___________ when we get the last page.

a) wiil / finish b) is going / finish c) will / finished d) is going / finished

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5.-The reservations _______________ not ______________. Timmy forgot to do it.

a) did / be made b) have / been made c) did / been making d) have / been making

6.-Gold and silver ___________ recently _____________ discovered in the new mine.

a) are / been b) are / being c) have / been d) have / being

7.-War makers _________ never be ________________________.

a) are / forgiven b) are / forgiving c) will / forgiven d) will / forgiving

8.-Mario _________ not ________ the English class every weekend.

a) is / gave b) does / gave c) is / given d) does / given
9.-Jim __________ to be _________ to abandon his job next month.

a) can / forced b) is going / forced c) can / forcing d) is going / forcing

10.-The red car __________ be ____________ next week.

a) has / fix b) has / fixed c) will / fix d) will / fixed

11.-The workers should _____________ by Mr. Stevens.

a) train b) trained c) be trained d) be training

12.-__________ she be _____________ the house this time?

a) Didn't / shown b) Couldn't / shown c) Didn't / to show d) Couldn't / to show

13.-The students should ________________ by Miss, Katy.

a) evaluate b) evaluated c) be evaluated d) be evaluating

14.-Those stories haven't _________________ in his new book.

a) to be including b) being included c) been included d) be including

15.-All our merchandise is ________________ to South America.

a) been exporting b) able to export c) being exported d) going to export

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 CONECTORES “and……. too”, “and…… either” and “but”

*El uso de “and …….too” en estructuras afirmativas.

And conecta palabras frases u oraciones del mismo grado. Muestra la relación entre las
ideas. Too se coloca al final y so junto con and en las estructuras afirmativas.
El auxiliar que presente en la primera oración se representará en la siguiente, tomando en
cuenta al sujeto.
AND …….. TOO AND SO ……….
Auxiliar positivo Auxiliar positivo Auxiliar positivo Auxiliar positivo

Mary is hungry and Alice is too Mary is hungry and so is Alicia

(María tiene hambre y Alicia también)

Observe como funciona con algunos tiempos verbales

Presente Simple
Auxiliary: do / does
Ejemplo: My brother wears glasses and my boyfriend does too

Pasado Simple
Auxiliary: did
Ejemplo: Mariana sang and Margarita did too.

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*El uso de “and …………either” en oraciones negativas.
OBSERVE: La palabra either se coloca después del auxiliar negativo y por el contrario
neither se coloca antes del auxiliar afirmativo.

AND …….. EITHER AND NEITHER ……………

Auxiliar Negativo Auxiliar Negativo Auxiliar negativo Auxiliar Positivo

Mary isn´t hungry and Alice isn´t either Mary isn´t hungry and neither is Alice
(Maria no tiene hambre y Alicia tampoco)

Otros ejemplos:
Luis is not going to the cinema and neither are you.
Carmen and Peter aren´t angry and neither is Mary.
Norma isn´t in school today and Olga isn´t either.
My wife won´t like the game and I won’t like it either.

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 but

*But conecta palabras, frases u oraciones de diferente rango, normalmente conecta

expresiones contrastantes.
Auxiliar positivo Auxiliar negativo

Mary is hungry but Alice isn´t

(Maria tiene hambre pero Alicia no)
Otros ejemplos:
I didn´t like candies but my sister did.
Jonh was here but Mary wasn´t.
He can´t send a telegram but I can.

EVALUACION 5
Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la respuesta correcta.

1.-Everybody laughed madly, _____________ did my grandfather.

a) but b) so as c) and so d) neither

2.-My husband ___________ like the play and I won't like it ___________.

a) will / too b) won't / too c) will / either d) won't / either

3.-Frank and Jane are not coming tonight, and __________ Peter.

a) is either b) either is c) is neither d) neither is

4.-John didn't like the film _________ I _________.

a) but / did b) but / didn't c) either / did d) either / didn't

5.-I will attend the exposition ______________ Fred ____________. He's out of town.

a) but / will b) nor / will c) but / won't d) nor / won't

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 CONNECTING WORDS FOR ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Las preposiciones adverbiales indican las diferentes circunstancias en una oración
compuesta. A continuación se te dan las circunstancias y los diferentes nexos que tienen:

Connecting words
Conjunciones

Time: before, after, since, while, when, as.

Frecuency: as soon as, as often as.
Place: where,wherever.
Cause: because, since, as, for.
Purpose: in order that, in order to, so that
Illogical or Unexpected Result: although, even though, unless.
Provision: provided that
Condition: if.
Comparison: as if, as though, as ……. as, whereas.

A continuación se muestran algunos ejemplos:

Time: when?
I studied in my room until Jonh arrived.
Purpose: why?
Let´s take the bus so that we can get to town early.
We came to town in order to buy clothes.
Illogical or unexpected results
I won´t go with you unless I have a vacation.
Johnny couldn´t climb over the barbed-wire fence although it wasn´t too.
Comparison: how?
Whereas yesterday I went to bed at eleven, today I´m going to bed at nine.

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 EVALUACION 6
Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la respuesta correcta.
1.-Try to slow down your pace _______ you want to have nervous
a) Thought b) in spite of c) unless d) because of
2.-Will Jane go to the party alone? __________ she does _______ not

a) Whatever / is b) Whichever / is c) Whatever / will d) Whichever / will

3.-Sandra is saving money ______________ buy new furniture.

a) so that b) because of c) in order to d) in order that

4.-Mr. Nash employed a group of experts in order _____________ increase production.

a) to b) for c) of d) that

5.-____________ something unexpected comes up, we will print our book next month.

a) Though b) In spite of c) Unless d) Because of

6.-___________ I have been in Mexico only two days, I already love the country and its
people
a) Weather b) Although c) As though d) As soon as
7.-They insisted on going to the beach ____________ it was very cold.

a) whether b) although c) as though d) as soon as

8.-Ernest didn't come _____________ the rain had stopped.

a) until b) as soon as c) while d) as often as

9.-I'll wait here ___________ 7:30.

a) for b) until c) as soon as d) as often as

10.-I won't lend you this book ______________ you promise to give it back soon.

a) as if b) unless c) whereas d) so that

11.-I like Betty ___________ she isn't pretty.

a) whether b) anyway c) whereas d) although

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USES OF “so ……….. that AND such a ………. That

La expression so ……….. that se usa:

*Con adjetivos como: tall, good, sick, thirsty.
That se puede omitir.
Ejemplo:

The girl is so thirsty she drank 4 glasses of water.

or
The girl is so thirsty that she drank 4 glasses of water.

*Con adverbios como: formally, fastly, rapidly, carfully, etc.

Ejemplo: The boy drove so rapidly that he arrived in one hour

*Con palabras cuantitativas como: much, many, little, few.

Ejemplo: They had planted so few trees that they didn´t have much fruit

La expression such a ………that se usa:

*Con adjetivos seguidos por un sustantivo contable como: tall, building, good boy, sick man,
frightened girl, etc.
Si se usa con sustantivos incontables como wáter, coffe, se omite “a”.
Ejemplo: It is such good ink that I use it everyday
He was such a beautiful shirt she bought it
It was such a small box it could only hold 6 eggs

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 EVALUACION 7

Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la respuesta correcta.

1.-Mary was __________ angry ____________ she left the restaurant without paying the bill.

a) so / that b) such / that c) so / what d) such / what

2.-Laura is _________ a nice woman ___________ everybody admires her.

a) so / than b) so / that c) such / than d) such / that

3.-I'm telling you this _______________ you know how to behave at the interview.

a) in order b) in order to c) that d) so that

4.-The mouse was _______ hungry _________ he ate all the cheese
a) such / what b) such / that c) so / that d) so / what

CONJUNTIVE ADVERBS
La función de estos adverbios es unir dos oraciones independientes.
*Additional information: beside, in addition, and, also, similarly, moreover, likewise are
words followed by a sentence that gives more information of a similar nature to the first
sentence or adds a related idea.
Ejemplo:
He fed the animals on a farm, besides he operated a tractor.
*Contrary information: but, however, on the other hand, in contrast, nevertheless, on the
contrary, still, otherwise and yet, are words followed by a sentence that gives information
in contrast to the first sentence or limits an idea.
Ejemplo:
He wanted to go to the montains; however, they went to the beach.
*Result information: therefore, consequently, so, hence, accordingly, thus, are words
followed by a sentence that is a consequence or a result of the first
Ejemplo:
Jack would take the 8 o´clock bus; consequently, he always left at 7:30

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 EVALUACION 8

Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la respuesta correcta.

1.-I never said your work was bad; _____________________, I think it's perfect.

a) accordingly b) in addition c) nevertheless d) on the contrary

2.-John didn't pass the exam; ________________, he felt sad.

a) otherwise b) in contrast c) consequently d) on the other hand

3.-He drove very well __________________ we arrived fast.

a) consequently b) besides c) however d) furthermore
4.-He doesn´t like examinations; ______________ he always gets good.
a) furthermore b) nevertheless c) as a result d) so
5.-The programs were full of violence and hatred ____________ the children were not
allowed to watch them
a) consequently b) also c) but d) similarly
6.-The baby woke up; _________________he didn´t cry.
a) hence b) also c) on the contrary d) likewise

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