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D E R E C H O COMUNITARIO'
1. Introducción
decir, no cabe la norma (there is no room for the rule) de que las otras son
sólo lenguas de consulta, a los efectos de resolver las ambigüedades del
inglés. Y es más, en alguna ocasión el Tribunal de Justicia de las
Comunidades Europeas {The European Court of Justice) puede preferir en su
interpretación, es decir, como lengua auténtica, la versión francesa, la
alemana u otra, si considera que su redacción está más acorde {as being more
in keeping with) con los objetivos y el espíritu {objectives and spirit) de las
normas comunitarias.
Los principales agentes del sistema institucional de la U E son, por una
parte, el Consejo Europeo y, por otra, las instituciones de la U E , que son el
Parlamento Europeo, el Consejo de la U E , la Comisión Europea, el Tribunal
de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas y el Tribunal de Cuentas Europeo.
1. E l Consejo Europeo {The European Council), constituido por los 27
Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno y el Presidente de la Comisión Europea {The
European Commission), es un órgano de la Unión Europea, entre cuyas
funciones destacan la toma de soluciones políticas y la formulación de
directrices o mandatos para los trabajos del Consejo de la U E {The Council
of the European Union) y la Comisión {The European Commission).
2. E l Parlamento Europeo {The European Parliament), que consta de
732 diputados, elegidos por sufragio universal directo y secreto de todos los
ciudadanos comunitarios por primera vez en 1978, con un mandato de cinco
años. Además del poder deliberante, el Parlamento dictamina muchas
cuestiones y puede interponer moción de censura contra la Comisión,
interpelar {summon) a los Comisarios y al Consejo de Ministros.
3. E l Consejo de la Unión Europea {The Council ofthe European
Union), formado por 27 ministros.
4. L a Comisión Europea {The European Commission), órgano ejecutivo
de las Comunidades, formado por 30 comisarios {commissioners), entre ellos
un Presidente y dos vicepresidentes; es el motor de la política de la
comunidad y al mismo tiempo la guardisana de la aplicación del Derecho
primario y secundario de la Unión Europea.
5. E l Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas {The Court of
Justice ofthe European Communities), formado por 27 jueces, auxiliados por
9 Abogados Generales {Advocates-General). Estos Abogados Generales,
antes de que los jueces dicten sentencia {render their decisión), emiten
dictámenes motivados {reasoned opinions) sobre las demandas corres-
pondientes.
6. E l Tribunal de Cuentas {The Court of Auditors), compuesto por 27
miembros, examina las cuentas de la totalidad de los ingresos y gastos de la
Unión Europea.
7. E l Tribunal de Primera Instancia {The Court of First Instance),
formado por 27 jueces, funciona desde 1989, y su misión principal es aliviar
la labor del Tribunal de Justicia en demandas interpuestas por {brought by) los
254 EL INGLÉS JURÍDICO
4. L a sentencia Factortame I fue favorable a las tesis de los pescadores españoles. Luego
siguieron Factortame 11. Factortame l l l . Factortame IV y Factortame V. todas las cuales también
fueron favorables a las pretensiones (claims) españolas, excepto la Factortame V. Para el Derecho del
Reino Unido estas sentencias fueron muy importantes porque marcaron el principio de lo que
indicamos en el punto 1 de este capítulo, a saber, que las leyes dictadas por el Parlamento de
Westminster tienen las limitaciones impuestas por el Derecho Comunitario.
5. Spanish fishermen moved a step nearer to winning back... last week: la .semana pasada los
pescadores españoles dieron otro paso más hacia adelante en su iniciativa de recuperar.
6. register: inscribir.
7. fishing vesseis: barcos pesqueros.
8. under the British flag: bajo pabellón británico.
9. following: de acuerdo con.
10. opinión: dictamen.
11. long-running litigation: dilatadas [eternizadas] disputas.
12. in long-running litigation against: en la ya larga disputa con.
DERECHO COMUNITARIO 257
.38. when a reference for a preliminary ruling is made by a national court: cuando un tribunal
nacional eleva una cuestión de prejudicialidad.
39. does Community law give the national court the power, or put it under an obligation. to
grant interim protection'.': ¿faculta u obliga el Derecho comunitario, a otorgar medidas cautelares?
40. opinión: dictamen.
41. effective judicial protection: tutela judicial efectiva.
42. must embrace the interim protection of rights: debe incluir (comprender] la protección
cautelar de los derechos.
4.3. pending final adjudication of the case: a la espera de la resolución final del proceso.
44. amount to: equivaler a.
4.5. he went on to point oiit: llegó a .señalar.
46. // was well establi.shed by case law: quedaba bien sentado por la jurisprudencia.
47. that national courts of member states were required: que se exigía que los tribunales
nacionales de los Estados miembros.
48. preclude: imposibilitar, impedir.
49. opinión: dictamen.
.50. the purpose qfan advócate general's opinión is to provide: an impartial and independent view
to assi.st the judges: el objeto de los dictámenes de los Abogados-Generales (o jueces asesores de la Corte
Europea) es ofrecer un punto de vista imparcial e independiente que facilite la labor de los jueces.
51. moot: someter a discusión.
52. hear: conocer.
53. yield to: someterse a [ceder],
54. case law of the European Court: jurisprudencia europea. (Sobre el concepto de case law.
véase el punto 5 del capítulo uno.)
DERECHO COMUNITARIO 259
it to Luxembourg, Lord Bridge with whom all their Lordships agreed, declared himself
inclined to the view that rules of national law?? that render the exercise of directiy
enforceable Community rights excessively difficult?" must be overridden.??
It must surely follow from this?» that any Act of Parliament passed since the
European Communities Act must be read?" as subject to directiy enforceable rights
arising under Community law. Certainly Mr Tesauro seems to think so. We will
know in about six weeks whether the full Court of Justice agrees with him.
Having regard to"" the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,"?
and in particular Article 100 A thereof,"»
Having regard to the proposal"" from the Commission,
In cooperation with the European Parliament,
Having regard to the opinión?" of the Economic and Social Committee,?'
1. Whereas?? Member States have the responsibility of?? ensuring?" the health
and safety?? on their territory of their people?" and, where appropriate,?? of domestic
animáis and goods and, in particular, of workers notably in relation to?» the hazards?"
arising out of»" the use»' of machinery.
55. rules of national law: normas del derecho nacional.
56. that render the exercise of directiy enforceable Community rights excessively difficult: que
dificultan, de forma excesiva, el ejercicio de derechos comunitarios directamente ejecutables.
57. must be overridden: deben ser anuladas.
58. It must surely follow from this: de todo lo dicho se debe concluir de forma cierta.
59. must be read: debe ser interpretada.
60. proposal for: propuesta de.
61. Council Directive: Directiva del Consejo.
62. on: relativa a.
63. relating to: sobre.
64. machinery: máquinas.
65. The Council of the European Communities: E l Consejo de las Comunidades Europeas.
66. having regard to: visto.
67. Treaty establishing the European Economic Community: Tratado constitutivo de la
Comunidad Económica Europea.
68. thereof: su (artículo).
69. proposal: propuesta.
70. opinión: dictamen.
71. Economic and Social Committee: Comité Económico y Social.
72. whereas: considerando.
73. whereas Member States have the responsibility of: considerando que corresponde a los
Estados Miembros.
74. ensure: garantizar.
75. safety: seguridad.
76. of their people: de las personas.
77. and, where appropriate: y. llegado el caso.
78. notably in relation to: especialmente ante.
79. hazards: riesgos.
80. arising out of: derivado.
81. use: utilización.
260 E L INGLÉS JURÍDICO
!\stems regarding»? accident by the use'"» of machinery'"" can be reduced by inherently safe design at construction
t compulsory provisions,»? of machine"" and by proper'" installation and maintenance.
Bical specifications»? and/or 7. Whereas the field of application"? of the Directive must"? be based"" on
levéis of health and safety, general definition of the term "machinery" so as to allow"? the technical
arriers to trade»" within the development"" of products; whereas the development of "complete installations""?
certification and national and the hazards they involve are of an equivalen! nature and their express inclusión
in the Directive is therefore justified."»
É5*vns"? providing protection 8. Whereas it is now"" envisaged'?" to draw up'?' specific Directives
taproximated to ensure"" free containing'?? design and construction provisions for certain'?? categories'?" of
bd levéis of protection in the machinery; whereas the very broad scope'?? of the Directives must be limited in
c concerning the design and relation to these Directives and also existing Directives where they contain'?" design
cific provisions concerning"? and construction provisions.
ve exposed al work,"» as well 9. Whereas Community law, in its present form,'?? provides'?» —by derogation
raty. regarding"" the use of to one of the fundamental rules'?" of the Community, namely the free movement of
working environment.'"" goods—'?" that obstacles to movement within the Community, resulting'?' from
int part of the engineering disparities in national legislation'?? relating'?? to the marketing of products must be
f the Community economy; accepted in so far as'?" such requirements can be recognized as being necessary to
ter'"? on the compietion'"" of satisfy'?? imperativo requirements;'?" whereas therefore, the harmonization of laws in
il in June 1985, provided for this case'?? must be limited only to those requirements necessary to satisfy the
level,'"" of products conforming to'"' the national standards adopted, on a temporary 16. Whereas i l i s
basis,'"? with the aid of a Community checking procedure to ensure that national serviee?'" and use of ma
standards satisfy'"? the essential requirements of this Directive; whereas to this end,'"" certifícate;?'» whereas ii
in view of"? the general and horizontal role of the committee set up'"" by Article 5 bearing the E C mark??
of Directive 83/189/EEC in Community standardization policy,'"? and more assembled with other
particularly'"» its role in the preparation of standardization remits'"" and the operation nevertheless such mach
of the standstill procedure?"" in European and national standardization, that certified for conformity ?
committee was set up in order?"' to assist the Commission in carrying out Community as not ready for use.??*
checks of the conformity of national standards;?"? whereas both sides of industry?"? 17. Whereas the üt
must be properly consulted, particularly labour organizations?"" concerning the aspects eovered by??*
standardization and management work?"? relating to?"" this?"? Directive. recognized in a safeguai
15. Whereas, as is currently the practice?"» in Member ,States, manufacturers procedures.
should retain the responsibility for certifying the conformity of their machinery?"" to 18. Whereas the »
the relevant essential requirements;?'" whereas conformity to harmonized standards must be informed?'? of i
créales a presumption of conformity?" to the relevant essential requirements; whereas to them.??"
it is left to the solé discretion of the manufacturer,?'? where he feeis the need,?'? to 19. Whereas the •
have his products examined and certified by a third party.?'" market must be adopted
of??? an área without •
goods, persons. serv ice»
rds adopted, on a temporary 16. Whereas it is necessary not only to ensure?'? free movement, putting into
dure to ensure that national serviee?'" and use of machinery bearing the E C mark?'? and having an E C conformity
eciive; whereas to this end,'"" certificate;?'» whereas it is necessary to ensure?'" free movement of machinery not
imittee set up'"" by Article 5 bearing the E C mark??" where it is to be incorporated into other machinery or
zation policy,'"? and more assembled with other machinery to form a complex installation;??' whereas
xi remits'"" and the operation nevertheless such machinery cannot be put into serviee or use??? until it has been
lional standardization, that certified for conformity??? since. in the absence of the E C mark,??" it must be regarded
m in carrying out Community as not ready for use.???
reas both sides of industry?"? 17. Whereas the Member States' responsibility for safety, health and the other
inizations?"" concerning the aspects eovered by??" the essential requirements??? on their territory must be
bis? " Directive. recognized in a safeguard clause??» providing??" for adequate Community protection
lember States, manufacturers procedures.
nmity of their machinery?"" to 18. Whereas the addressees??" of any decisión taken??' under??? this Directive
nity to harmonized standards must be informed??? of the reasons for such a decisión and the means of appeal open
•sential requirements; whereas to them.??"
*here he feeis the need,?'? to 19. Whereas the measures aimed at the gradual establishment of the internal
rt>.?'" market must be adopted by .31 December 1992; whereas the internal market consists
oP?? an arca without internal frontiers??" within which the free movements??? of
goods, persons, services and capital is guaranteed.
215. Whereas it is necessary not only to ensure: considerando que no sólo hay que garantizar.
ia de normalización. 216. putting into serviee: puesta en servicio.
217. bearing the EC mark: provistas [que lleven] de la marca C E .
218. and having an EC conformity certifícate: y de la acreditación de conformidad C E .
Bmiento del sltilu quo. 219. ensure: garantizar.
220. not bearing the EC mark: no provistas de la marca C E .
standards: control comunitario de 221. where it is to be incorporated into other machinery or assembled with other machinery to
form a complex installation: cuando ésta vaya a incorporarse en una máquina o a unirse con otras
máquinas para formar una instalación compleja.
222. cannot be put into serviee or use: no podrán empezar a funcionar ni utilizarse.
work: at efectuar los trabajos de 223. until it has been certified for conformity: hasta que se las haga conformes.
224. in the absence of the EC mark: debido a la ausencia de la marca C E .
225. not ready for use: no/que no están listas para su uso.
226. eovered by: a que se refieren.
ando generalmente. 227. essential requirements: exigencias básicas.
r certifying the conformity of their 228. safeguard clause: cláusula de salvaguardia.
I de acreditar la conformidad de su.s 229. providing: que fije/establezca.
2.30. addressee: destinatario.
as básicas. 231. take a decisión: adoptar una decisión.
232. under: en el marco de.
ción de conformidad a las exigencias 233. must be informed: han de conocer.
234. open to them: que se tes ofrece.
acturer: que se deja a la voluntad del 235. consists of: supone.
236. área without interna! frontiers: espacio sin fronteras internas.
third party: la opción de recurrir a 237. free movement: libre circulación.
238. this: la presente.