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daviT baqraZe
damxmare saxelmZRvanelo
Tbilisi 2016
Tavi I
2
gadasvla gamarTlebulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, mxolod saxelmwifos
mZlavri maregulirebeli politikis gatarebiT.
mSeneblobis ganviTarebis ZiriTad mimarTulebas yovelTvis
warmoadgenda misi industrializacia. igi mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli
tipiur proeqtirebasTan, romelsac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mSeneblobis
xarisxis amaRlebis, xangrZlivobis Sromatevadobisa da Rirebulebis
SemcirebisaTvis.
3
investiciis ganxilva ori mxaris mTlianobaSi: resursebi (kapitaluri
faseulobebi) da dabandebebi (danaxarjebi).
investiciebi (fuladi an sxva saxsrebis awmyoSi gaxarjvaa _ momavalSi
sarfis miRebis imediT. dro, romelsac xarjavT wignis kiTxvaze – aseve
investiciaa, im gagebiT, rom Tqveni momavali saqmianoba, wignis Sinaarsidan
gamomdinare momgebiani iqneba da Tqvens daxarjul drosa da Zalebs
aanazRaurebs.
4
7. samSeneblo-samontaJo samuSaoebis Sesruleba;
8. teqnologiuri mowyobilobebis damontaJeba da gasawyob gasaSvebi
samuSaoebi;
9. saxelmwifo komisiaze samSeneblo obieqtebis an obieqtis
eqspluataciaSi Cabareba;
10. obieqtis gayidva investiciebis dabrunebiT an misi eqspluataciaSi
Seyvana da Sedegad mogebidan investiciebis dabruneba.
zemoT aRniSnuli programiT gaTvaliswinebuli aTive punqtis
Sesruleba sakmaod xangrZliv sainvesticio periods moicavs da amitom
mowinave qveynebSi mSeneblobis saWiroebisaTvis gacemuli investiciebi
yvelaze dabali procentuli namatiT ibegreba (wliurad 4-8%-mde).
investiciebi gaicema xelSekrulebiT dadgenili grafikis Sesabamisad. amave
dros banki an investori akontrolebs samSeneblo procesis mimdinareobas,
raTa kreditis gamoyeneba ar moxdes sxva daniSnulebiT.
aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, gansakuTrebiT izrdeba saproeqto firmis
roli investiciur procesSi, ufro zustad sainvesticio periodis
SemcirebaSi. maRal teqnikur doneze Sesrulebulma da kompetenturma
ekonomikurma organizaciul-teqnologiurma, arqiteqturul-samSeneblo,
energetikulma, sanitarul-teqnikurma da sxva saproeqto gadawyvetilebebis
urTierTSexamebam dabrkoleba ar unda Seqmnas TviT mSeneblobis procesSi,
xolo samSeneblo samuSaoTa warmoebis maRalma teqnikurma donem
Tanamedrove teqnologiuri aRWurvilobis pirobebSi xeli unda Seuwyos
obieqtis eqspluataciaSi Seyvanas xelSekrulebiT dadgenil vadebSi.
5
sadac Tv aris erTi obieqtis an erTi elementis (erTi cikli) Sesaqmnelad
6
miwis samuSaoebi
saZirkvlis amoyvana
miwiszeda
samuSaoebi
mosapirkeTebeli samuSao
obieqtis mSeneblobis grafiki
b _ paraleluri meTodi; g – nakaduri meTodi.
7
ganisazRvreba im angariSiT, rom monazomze calkeuli procesebis
Sesrulebis xangrZlioba iyos aranakleb erTi cvlisa, xolo monazomis
sazRvrebis adgilmdebareoba Seesabamebodes nagebobis arqiteqturul-
gegmarebiT da konstruqciul gadawyvetilebebs. magaliTad, erTi bina an
seqcia sacxovrebel saxlSi, saZirkveli teqnologiuri mowyobilobebisaTvis
da sxva. ubani warmoadgens asaSenebeli obieqtis nawils, romlis
sazRvrebSic viTardeba da erTmaneTs uTavsdeba saobieqto nakadis
SemadgenlobaSi Semavali specializebuli nakadebi. ubnebis zomebi da
sazRvrebi Seesabameba Senobis (nagebobis) asaSenebeli nawilis sivrciT
sixistes da mdgradobas. samrewvelo Senobis magaliTze ubani grZivi
mimarTulebiT warmoadgens Senobis temperaturul an jdomis nakerebs
Soris moTavsebul erT an or seqcias; ganivi mimarTulebiT erT an
ramodenime mals, xolo simaRleze iaruss (sarTuls); sacxovrebel saxlSi
– aranakleb or seqcias. iarusi ewodeba konstruqciis an nagebobis nawils
simaRleze, romlis farglebSic samuSao uwyvetad sruldeba.
ZiriTadi teqnologiuri parametrebia: kerZo, specializirebuli an
saobieqto nakadebis ricxvi, samuSaoTa moculobebi da Sromatevadoba,
nakadis intensiuroba (simZlavre), nakadis teqnologiuri da sawarmoo cikli.
nakadis intensiuroba (simZlavre) warmoadgens samSeneblo nakadis
mier drois erTeulSi gamoSvebuli produqciis raodenobas naturalur
maCveneblebSi (damontaJebuli yalibebis raodenoba, sasargeblo an
sacxovrebeli farTis m2, samSeneblo moculobis m3, nagebobebis ricxvi da
a.S.). sawarmoo cikli aris procesebis erTobloba, romelTa Sesruleba
uzrunvelyofs mza samSeneblo produqciis erTeulis gamoSvebas, Senobis
an misi konstruqciuli elementis nawilis saxiT (specializebuli nakadi),
an mza samSeneblo obieqtis saxiT (mTlianad damTavrebuli an calkeuli
ubnis saxiT – saobieqto nakadi.
drois ZiriTadi parametrebia: brigadebis muSaobis riTmi, nakadis biji,
nakadis gaSlis periodi, mza produqciis gamoSvebis periodi. brigadis
muSaobis riTmi warmoadgens brigadis muSaobis xangrZlivobas misTvis
gamoyofil monazomze.
nakadis biji ewodeba drois monakveTs nakadis ori momijnave
brigadis muSaobis dawyebas Soris. nakadis gaSlis periodi (teqnologiuri
ciklis xangrZlivoba) aris samSeneblo produqciis gamoSvebisaTvis
Sesasrulebeli pirveli da saboloo procesebis dawyebaTa Soris drois
intervali, e.i. dro, romelsac samSeneblo nakadSi TandaTanobiT CairTveba
8
yvela brigada, romlebic monawileoben specializebul an saobieqto
nakadSi. mza produqciis gamoSvebis periodi ewodeba specializebul an
saobieqto nakadSi damamTavrebeli brigadis (kerZo nakadis) samuSaoebis
xangrZlivobas.
TanabarriTmian nakadebi. riTmuli nakadebi iyofa Semdeg saxeebad:
nakadi Tanabari (mudmivi), jeradi da araTanabari (cvladi), arajeradi
riTmebiT. brigadebis muSaobis teqnologiuri dakavSireba TanabarriTmiani
nakadis SemTxvevaSi warmoebs nakadis TiToeuli brigadis muSaobaSi
CarTviT, rogorc ki Tavisufldeba pirveli monazomi. vinaidan nakadi
TanabarriTmiania, amitom arc erTi monazomi ar cdeba Semdegi brigadis
molodinSi.
nakads gaaCnia sami periodi: gaSlis (tg) stabiluri mdgomareobis (tst)
da Sekvecis (tS) (nax. 1, g). nakadi efeqturia Tu tg da tS mcirea da didia tst
periodi.
9
samSeneblo nakadis angariSi kompiuteruli
teqnikiT
10
blok-sqema
dasawyisi
Ti, TB, TG
Tk = 0
i = 1, 3
T = Tk + Ti
Tk = T + 3(TB + TG)
Tk
dasasruli
11
algoriTmis ricxviTi realizaciis
programa
12
Tavi 2
T Tpr mK ,
T (m n 1) K .
13
Semsrulebeli brigadebis raodenoba riTmis jeradobis ricxvis tolia.
aseT nakadur process jeradriTmiani ewodeba.
14
monazomze, muSaobs iq ori dRe da gadadis mesame monazomze; brigada #2b
iwyebs muSaobas Semdeg dRes meore monazomze da ori dRis Semdeg gadadis
meoTxe monazomze. amrigad brigada #2a muSaobs kent monazomebze, xolo
brigada 2b – wyvilze. aseve muSaoben brigadebi #4a da 4b.
15
SemTxvevaSi danarCeni brigadebic t1 c dRis Semdeg unda CaerTon muSaobaSi.
16
Tavi # 3
T
Э N k ПФ (Tн Tн ) Eэ ( K о Tн K вTп ) H 1 п D ,
Tн
sadac N k aris im dargis dadgenili kapdabandebis ekonomikuri efeqturobis
koeficienti, romelsac miekuTvneba eqspluataciaSi gadasacemi obieqti;
ПФ sawarmoo fondebis Rirebuleba, im samSeneblo obieqtisa, romelic
vadamde iqna gadacemuli eqspluataciaSi; Tн , Tн mSeneblobis xangrZlivoba
etalonuri (normatiuli) variantiT da nakaduri meTodiT mSeneblobis
grafikis mixedviT. E э kapdabandebis ekonomikuri efeqturobis kieficienti;
17
sakiTxebs, rogorc axali mSeneblobis, aseve arsebuli Senoba-nagebobaTa
eqspluataciis pirobebSi. menejmenturi saqmianobis erT-erT ZiriTad
mimarTulebad investiciuri saxsrebis an sabanko kreditebis maTi gankargva
da sainveticio riskis minimizaciaa, rac mSeneblobis saTanado dagegmvasac
saWiroebs misi ekonomikuri efeqturobis winaswari ganWvretiT.
mSeneblobis ekonomikur efeqturobaze uamravi faqtori axdens
gavlenas, maTgan ZiriTadia Sromis nayofierebis amaRleba, rac mSeneblobis
xangrZliobis SemcirebasTanAaris dakavSirebuli mSeneblobis vadebis
SemcirebiT miRebuli ekonomikuri efeqti iangariSeba formuliT
Э Э1 Э2 Э3 , (1)
Э2 0,6(W1 W2 ) ; (3)
Э3 Эn (T1 T2 ) , (4)
Э4 (1 2 ) . (5)
mocemul formulaSi H aris zednadebi xarjebis sidide 0,5 ki misi
pirobiT mudmivi nawili; T1 da T2 _ Sesabamisad mSeneblobis normatiuli da
faqtiuri vadebi wlebSi; W1 da W2 _ mSeneblobis normatiuli da faqtiuri
Sromatebadobebi kac.dR., 0,6 – Sromatevadobis SemcirebiT miRebuli
zednadebi xarjebis ekonomiaa larebSi 1 kac-dReze; Эn – kapitaldabandebaTa
efeqturobis normatiuli koeficientia, romelic mSeneblobis dargSi 10
saxarjTaRricxvo mogebis SemTxvevaSi iqneba 0,1; _ mSeneblobis mTliani
saxarjTaRricxvo Rirebulebis is nawilia, romelic qmnis ZiriTad sawarmoo
fondebs, miiReba mSeneblobis Rirebulebis krebsiTi saxarjTaRricxvo
gaangariSebidan, П1 da П2 sabanko sauravis procentisagan namati
koeficientebia mSeneblobis gegmiur da faqtiur periodebSi.
18
saxarjTaRricxvo gaangariSebebSi samTavrobo dadgenilebiT zednadebi
xarjebi H, 10%, saxarjTaRricxvo mogeba (8%) da dRg (18%), amitom H
miviRoT pirobiTad 20% tolad, koeficienti iqneba 0,2 formulaSi (2) 0,50,2
mSeneblobis gegmiuri xangrZlivobis Semcireba SesaZlebelia ori gziT.
samSeneblo organizacia Senoba agebis procesSi gegmavs mSeneblobis
vadebis Semcirebas progresuli teqnologiur-organizaciuli RoniZiebebis
danergviT Sromis nayofierebis amaRlebis xarjze da misi
ganxorcielebiT aRwevs ekonomikur efeqts;
saproeqto organizacia Tanamedrove saproeqto gadawyvetilebebis
safuZvelze analog obieqtebTan SedarebiT aRwevs ekonomikur efeqts
masalatevadobis, Sromatevadobisa da mSeneblobis vadebis Semcirebis
gziT.
19
mSeneblobis industrializacia
20
Senobebisa da nagebobebis konstruqciebis
awyobadoba
21
fuladi, materialuri da SromiTi resursebis
koncentracia
22
Tavi # 4
23
mSeneblobis organizaciis proeqtis Semadgenloba
24
Tavi 5
25
buRaltruli aRricxva
26
arsebuli da potenciuri investorebi dainteresebulni arian maT mier
Cadebuli investiciebisa da am investiciebidan miRebul SemosavlebTan
dakavSirebuli riskiT. amitom finansuri angariSgebis informaciis
safuZvelze maT unda gansazRvron, gayidon, daitovon Tu iyidon fasiani
qaRaldebi. maT agreTve ainteresebT, aqvT Tu ara sawarmos dividendebis
gadaxdis unari.
kreditis gamcemi anu sakredito organizaciebi (bankebi) dainteresebulni
arian maT mier gacemuli kreditebisa da am kreditebis sargeblobisaTvis
saTanado procentebis drouli dabrunebiT.
27
samuSaoTa warmoebis proeqti (swp)
28
tipiuri teqnologiuri qartebi an samuSaoTa warmoebis teqnologiuri
sqemebi samuSaoTa Sesrulebis meTodebis aRweriT.
specialuri teqnologiuri qartebi sruldeba samuSaoTa zamTris
pirobebSi SesrulebisaTvis. gansakuTrebiT rTuli samuSaoebisaTvis
teqnologiuri qartebis nacvlad muSavdeba damoukidebeli swp samuSaoTa
calkeul saxeebze. amasTan yuradReba eqceva muSebis Sromis dacvis
moTxovnilebaTaASesrulebas, garemos dacvas, sasoflo-sameurneo da sxva
miwebis sawarmoo narCenebiT da Camdinare wylebiT gaWuWyianebis
sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis gatarebas, xmauris donis vibraciebis
Sesamcireblad da sxva.
d) samSeneblo-samontaJo samuSaoebis xarisxis Sefasebisa da kontrolis
dokumentacia: dasaSvebi samSeneblo normebisa da wesebis moTxovnebis
Sesabamisad, kontrolis Catarebis sqemebi da sxva. samuSaoTa warmoebis
proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes RonisZiebebi brigaduli ijaris
meTodiT samuSaoTa organizaciisaTvis sameurneo angariSis safuZvelze,
romelic uzrunvelyofs materialur-teqnikuri resursebis ekonomikur
xarjvas, samSeneblo-samontaJo samuSaoTa TviTRirebulebis Semcirebas,
mSeneblobis vadis Semcirebas da misi xarisxis amaRlebas. miRebuli
gadawyvetilebebis yvela dasabuTeba, angariSebi da teqnikur-ekonomikuri
maCveneblebi, mocemuli unda iqnes samuSaoTa warmoebis proeqtis
ganmartebiT baraTSi.
ZiriTadi teqnikur-ekonomikuri maCveneblebia: mSeneblobis xangrZlivoba;
specializaciis done; ZiriTadi samSeneblo-samontaJo samuSaoebis
meqanizaciis done; Sromatevadoba kac-dReebSi, Senobis an nagebobis 1m3-ze,
sacxovrebeli an sawarmoo farTobis 1m2-ze; saSualo dRiuri gamomuSaveba.
obieqtebisaTvis, romelTa mSeneblobis xangrZlivoba aRemateba erT wels,
samuSaoTa warmoebis kalendaruli gegma meore da momdevno wlebisaTvis
zustdeba yovelwliurad damkveTis monawileobiT mSenelobis damtkicebuli
gegmebis Sesabamisad.
samuSaoTaAwarmoebis proeqti mtkicdeba moijare organizaciis mTavari
inJinris mier, xoloESemdeg gadaecema mSeneblebs obieqtze samuSaoTa
dawyebamde ori TviT adre. swp-dan yvela gadaxra unda dafiqsirdes
JurnalSi, romelic pirvelad sawarmoo dokuments warmoadgens.
29
ZiriTadi samuSaoebis kalendruli gegma
organizaciis proeqtSi
samSeneblo samontaJo samuSaoTa moculo-bebis
samuSaoebis ganawileba (aTas
moculoba larebSi)
# obieqtis dasaxeleba
maT Soris
III-
sul mowyobilo- I-weli II-weli
weli
bis montaJi
1 mosamzadebeli periodi 519,8 _ 519.8 _ _
2 sawarmoo korpusi 3008,1 1827,2 1000,0 1000,0 1008,1
3 damxmare sawarmoo korpusi 75,9 8,1 _ _ 75,9
4 sasawyobo korpusi 611,2 82,1 100 400 111,2
5 qarxnis kantora 31,7 _ _ 31,7 _
6 samrewvelo daniSnulebis wyal-
sadeni 411,3 _ 60,0 240,0 111,3
7 saxanZro-sameurneo daniSnulebis
wyalsadeni 250,0 _ 150,0 100,0 _
sul 490,8 1922,8 1829,8 1771,7 1306,8
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
mudmivi Senobebi da
nagebobebi, romle-
bic gamoiyenebian 9,8 _ 9,8 _ _ _
mSeneblobis peri-
odSi
droebiTi Senobebi
da nagebobebi 29,6 _ 5,0 10,0 14,6 _
sul 396,3 6,2 60,3 145,0 109,6 70,2
31
samuSaoTa sul samuSaoTa moculobebis
dasaxeleba mSeneblobaze ganawileba mSeneblobis
ganzomileba
periodebis mixedviT
da a.S.
1 2 3 4
miwis samuSaoebi
loba Tveebi)
Semadgenloba
xangrZlivoba
brigadis
samuSaos
rigis #
bis raodenoba
cvlaSi
kac/Dre
saxelwodeba,
manqana-cvle-
samuSaos
tipi, marka
raodenoba
erTeuli
sazomi
dasaxeleba
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
32
Tavi 6
33
liTonis konstruqciebis warmoebis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba
ganisazRvreba konstruqciebis saxeebisa da elementebis warmoebis
specializaciiT. magaliTad, samrewvelo Senobebis karkasebis konstruqciebi,
gadacemis xazebis sayrdenebi, rezervuarebi da airsacavebi, radio da
satelevizio koSkebi. mSeneblobaSi liTonis ekonomiis wyaros TviT
konstruqciebis srulyofa warmoadgens axali sistemebis Seqmnis gziT.
gaizrdeba monoliTuri betonisa da rkinabetonis warmoeba, rac
ganpirobebulia hidroteqnikuri, sagzao, aerodromebis, didi moculobis
rezervuarebisa da qveynis seismur raionebSi Senobebis agebiT. Seiqmneba
maRalmeqanizirebuli da avtomatizirebuli qarxnebi. betonis, duRabis,
asfaltbetonis da mosapirkeTebeli samuSaoebisaTvis naxevarfabrikatebis
warmoebis ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli centralizacia warmoadgens
mSeneblobis materialur-teqnikuri bazis Semdgomi ganviTarebis ZiriTad
amocanas.
samontaJo da specialuri samSeneblo organizaciebis warmoebis
ganviTareba uzrunvelyofs Sromis nayofierebis gazrdas, samontaJo
samuSaoTa xangrZlivobis da TviTRirebulebis Semcirebas.
ganviTardeba samSeneblo organizaciebis specializebuli saremonto
qarxnebis qseli.
mSeneblobis materialur-teqnikuri bazis ganviTarebis amocana
daiyvaneba ori ZiriTadi sakiTxis gadawyvetamde: mSeneblobis yvela
rgolisa da mis bazaSi resursebis wonasworobis uzrunvelyofas da bazis
sawarmoo fondebis ekonomikuri efeqturobis amaRlebas.
34
samSeneblo Rirebulebis sawarmoo-kompleqtaciis bazis agebis
danaxarjebisaTvis gamosyidvis vada ganisazRvreba daaxloebiT 5 wliT.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom danaxarjebi masalebsa da konstruqciebze
mSeneblobaSi saSualod aRwevs samSeneblo-samontaJo samuSaoTa saerTo
Rirebulebis 57-58%. danaxarjebi dasatvirT-gansatvirT operaciebsa da
sasawyobo samuSaoebze mSeneblobis saxarjTaRricxvo Rirebulebis 20%-ze
mets da samuSaoTa Sesrulebaze dasaqmebuli muSaxelis daaxloebiT 17%,
cxadia, rom sawarmoo-kompleqtaciis bazebis organizaciis mizanSewoniloba
eWvs ar iwvevs da mSeneblobis uzrunvelyofas yvela aucilebeli
materialuri resursebiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.
35
eleqtrosadgurebze gegma dgeba manqanebis droSi gamoyenebis direqtiuli
normebisa da manqana-cvlis gegmiuri Rirebulebis safuZvelze.
wliuri gegmis mixedviT sruldeba kvartaluri gegmebis damuSaveba,
direqtiuli normebis kvartalurad dayofis Sesabamisad.
samSeneblo organizaciebi Tvis dawyebis win waradgenen ganacxads
zemdgom uwyebaSi. aRniSnuli ganacxadebis safuZvelze firma gegmavs
Tviuri samuSaos moculobas. miRebuli ganacxadi ganixileba samSeneblo
organizaciis warmomadgenlebis TandaswrebiT. ganacxadebis mixedviT firma
adgens samSeneblo manqanebis muSaobis grafiks. zemdgomi organizaciis mier
grafikis damtkicebis Semdeg igi iZens direqtiuli dokumentis Zalas,
romlis mixedviTac firma awarmoebs samSeneblo-samontaJo samuSaoebs
dagegmil periodSi. dagegmvis aRniSnuli wesi gamoiyeneba mxolod koSkura
amweebis, eqskavatorebis, buldozerebisa da sxva msxvili manqanebisaTvis.
sxva danarCen samSeneblo teqnikas firma gamoyofs samSeneblo
organizaciebis erTjeradi ganacxadebis safuZvelze.
36
mxedvelobaSi misaRebia is garemoeba, rom SenobaTa konstruqciis
mdgomareobaze garkveul zegavlenas axdens fuZe-saZirkvlebis muSaobis
pirobebis Secvla.
cementaciis meTodi
37
uerTdebian ra gruntSi arsebul kalciumisa da magniumis marilebs
qimiurad amagreben grunts, ris Sedegadac grunti wyalmedegi xdeba.
Catarebulma cdebma aCvena, rom am gziT damuSavebuli gruntis
dasvelebis Semdeg 3 kgm/sm2 datvirTviT mxolod 4 mm-iT jdeba, maSin
rodesac igive grunti amave datvirTvisas bunebriv mdgomareobaSi
dasvelebis Semdeg dajda 200 mm-iT.
aRwerili meTodi ekonomikuri maCveneblebiT friad efeqturia. 1m2
gruntis gasamagreblad ixarjeba `bordis” xsnari ara umetes 100 litrisa.
38
nax. 1.
a) saZirkvlis wyobis ganSreveba SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos
1 – qvis wyobis gadaubmelobiT; 2 – wyobis arasakmarisi simtkiciT;
3 – saZirkvlis gadatvirTviT daSeneba-rekonstruqciisas da a.S.
39
d) bzarebi filovan saZirkvlebSi SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos
1 – saZirkvlis konstruqciis araswori SerCeva (saZirkvlis
safexurTa araswori fardoba); 2 – saZirkvlis arasakmarisi
sigane; 3 – saZirkvlis datvirTvis gazrda daSenebis Sedegad;
4 – fuZis mzidunarianobis Semcireba dasvelebis Sedegad.
40
kapitaluri remontis dros samuSaoebi warmoebs kedlebis mzidi
Tvisebebis aRsadgenad, romlis drosac aZliereben an cvlian dazianebul
konstruqciebs, kedlebs amagreben damZabavi tvirTebiT, foladis
kuTxovnebisagan damzadebuli karkasebiT da dasabmeli satyelebiT.
41
_ gaZliereba, Tavdapirveli konstruqciuli sqemis Secvlis gareSe. –
dgarebze Sualeduri grZivis dayenebiT da gaZlierebis sqemis SecvliT.
42
obieqtis mSenebloba SezRudul pirobebSi
43
Sedareba organizaciis samSeneblo gengegmasTan da teqstobriv nawilTan
da maTi ugulvebelyofa zogjer mSeneblobis SeCerebis mizezi xdeba.
amave dros momijnave Senobebis mimarT aucilebelia damcavi
RonisZiebebis miReba. Tu mSenebare nageboba acda mimdebare Senobebs
acdenil sarTul gadaxurvis doneze unda gaukeTdes konsoluri jebiri
dafaruli liTonis badiT, raTa SemTxveviT Camovardnilma tvirTma ar
gamoiwvios gverdiTi Senobis saxuravis dazianeba.
aseTive jebiri sasurvelia gakeTdes quCis mxareze meore an mesame
sarTulis doneze gadmoSveriT, xolo trotuaris mxareze nebismier Robes
ukeTdeba erT metrze gadmosuli gadaxurva. Tu trotuari dakavda
mTlianad, maSin gadaxurvis garda ewyoba droebiT gasavleli trotuari.
am RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis gareSe mSenebare firma jarimdeba
mSeneblobis SeCerebiT da fuladi gadasaxadiT.
44
Tavi 7
mSeneblobis xarisxis kontroli
45
teqnikuri mdgomareobis SefasebaSi, romlebic gadaecema samSeneblo-
samontaJo organizaciebs mSeneblobis gagrZelebis mizniT. samSeneblo
obieqtze avariul mdgomareobaze droul reagirebaSi da avariis
likvidaciasTan dakavSirebul samuSaoTa moculobebis gansazRvraSi da
kontrolSi.
teqnikuri zedamxedveloba
46
svel betonTan muSaobis dros xelTaTmanebis, damcavi spectansacmlis,
kombinizonis da Tvalis damcavi saSualebebis gamoyenebas, rogorc wesi
aucilebelia Cafxutis gamoyeneba.
meqanizmebiT muSaobis dawyebamde gauwios kontroli Semowmebulia Tu
ara meqanizaciis saSualebebis mdgomareoba da signalizaciis saSualebebis
gamarTuloba. periodulad Seamowmos meqanizmebis muSaoba, meqanizmebis
gamorTvis Semowmeba samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg.
zedamxedveloba gauwios xaraCoebis swored dayenebas, amwe-meqanizmebisa
da koSkura amweebis sworad dayenebas da eqspluataciis wesebis dacvas.
teqnikuri zedamxedveli akontrolebs meqanizmebis markirebisa da gegmiuri
Semowmebis procedurebs usafrTxoebis mizniT. teqnikuri zedamxedveli
akontrolebs raTa samuSaod SerCeul iqnes mxolod saTanado wonis, zomis
da tipis instrumentebi, eleqtroxelsawyoebis izolacias, konkretuli
meqanizmis eqspluatacias eweodes mxolod is piri, visac am meqanizmze
muSaobis ufleba gaaCnia. teqnikuri zedamxedveli periodulad amowmebs
samSeneblo moedanze xanZarsawinaaRmdego saSualebebis uzrunvelyofas,
pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenis saSualebebs da saTanado
instruqtaJis Catarebas samedicino daxmarebnis aRmosaCenad.
sakredito zedamxedveloba
47
dakreditebis obieqti da kreditis vadebi, misi gacemisa da dafarvis
pirobebi, saprocento ganakveTi da misi gadaxdis wesi, sesxis uzrunvelyofis
formebi, msesxeblisa da gamsesxeblis sxva uflebebi da pasuxismgebloba.
moklevadiani sesxebi gaicema erT wlamde vadiT, xolo grZelvadiani
erT welze meti xangrZlivobiT.
48
uflebamosilia gaakontrolos saxelSekrulebo pirobebi. dakreditebis
axali sistema eyrdnoba tradiciul, saerTo specifikur principebs. maT
Soris vadianobas da uzrunvelyofas. kreditebis ukumoZraobis,
Taviseburebani dakreditebis meTodis calkeuli elementebiT realizdeba.
maT miekuTvneba sasesxo angariSis saxe, kreditis gacemis wesi, misi dafarvis
saSualebebi da dakreditebis principebis dasacavad sabanko kontrolis
organizacia.
49
Tavi 8
50
SerCeviTi kontroli, iatakebi – fuZis Semowmeba, Sida santeqnikuri
samuSaoebi, agreTve qselebi (wyalmomarageba da kanalizaciisaTvis).
gaSveba-gamarTvis samuSaoebi
51
meTodiT ganisazRvros betonis erTgvarovnoba nakeTobaSi da simtkice mis
calkeul ubanSi.
betonis simtkicis urRvevi kontrolisaTvis gamoyenebuli xelsawyoebi
dafuZnebulia adgilobrivi rRvevis (amomtvreva, wibos Camotexa, foladis
diskebis amogleja), dartymiTi zemoqmedebis (dartymiTi impulsi, drekadi
asxleta, plastikuri deformacia) da ultrabgeriTi gaSuqebis meTodze.
betonis monoliTuri konstruqciis da didi masivis gamokvlevis
dros dartmiT-impulsuri da ultrabgeriTi xelsawyos gamoyeneba unda
SeuTavsdes betonis gamocdas Semdegi meTodiT: mowyveta CamotexiT (ПОС-50
МГ4, ПВLР, ВМ-2,4), wibos CamotexiT (ПОС-30 МГ4, ПОС-50 МГ4) an nimuSis
(kernis) SerCeviT.
betonis gamocdis urRvevi meTodis da xelsawyos arCevisas
gamomcdelma unda gaiTvaliswinos misi Tavisebureba da gamoyenebis
rekomendebuli sfero.
xelsawyo, romlebic dafuZnebulia adgilobrivi rRvevis meTodze
gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad monoliTur mSeneblobaSi, Senobis konstruqciis da
nagebobis kvlevis dros. am meTodis naklovaneba ganpirobebulia didi
SromatevadobiT da aucileblobiT, gansazRvros armaturis RerZi da misi
Cawyobis siRrme, rac zRudavs mis gamoyenebas. calkeuli konstruqciis an
misi ubnis betonis simtkicis gansazRvrisaTvis, aseve im sagraduiro
damokidebulebis dazustebaSi, romelic arsebobs ultrabgeriT da
dartymiT-impulsur xelsawyos Soris.
betonis simtkicis gansazRvris urRvevi meTodisaTvis, rogorc wesi,
gamoiyeneba didi warmadobis xelsawyo, kontrolirebadi betonis faqtobriv
simtkicesTan korelaciis dadgenis Semdeg. am miznisaTvis gamoiyeneba
dartymiTi moqmedebis xelsawyo (Beton Pro Condtrol, oniqsi-2,5; ОМШ-1),
romelic, dafuZnebulia dartymiTi impulsis meTodze (drekadi axsleta,
plastikuri deformacia) da siCqaris (drois) ultrabgeriTi sazomi (А1212;
pulsar 1,0; beton-32).
betonis simtkicis gansazRvrisaTvis ultrabgeriTi xelsawyos
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom kontrolirebadi
simtkicis diapazoni Semoifargleba B7,5...B35 (10...40 mgpa) klasiT. ufro
maRali simtkicis SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa mxolod betonis defeqtoskopia da
dafaruli defeqtis (bzarebi, niJarebi, carielobebi) lokalizacia.
52
simtkicis dartymiTi da ultrabgeriTi meTodiT kontroli tardeba
betonis zedapirul fenaSi (garda gamWoli ultrabgeriTi gaSuqebisa), ris
gamoc zedapiruli fenis mdgomareobam SeiZleba arsebiTi gavlena moaxdinos
kontrolis Sedegze. im SemTxvevaSi, roca betonze moqmedebs agresiuli
garemo (qimiuri, Termuli an atmosferuli) aucilebelia dazianebuli
struqturis zedapiruli fenis sisqis gamovlena.
53
medianis an saSualo mniSvnelobis avtomaturi gaangariSeba,
saSualokvadratuli cdomilebiT;
datymis mimarTulebis avtomaturi Sesworeba;
karbonizaciis siRrmis avtomaturi Sesworeba;
monacemTa dagroveba sistemis SigniT, maTi gamotana personalur
kompiuterze an dabeWdva.
Smidtis Silvwrschmidt CaquCs aqvs ori modifikacia nax. 1.
Silverschidt BN kompleqtaciiT 34110000 (Savi buniki dartymiTi 2,207 nm
energiiT), standartuli kompleqtaciiT: kompleqti USB (kabeli da
universaluri damteni mowyobiloba), gadasatani
qamari, gasaxexi qva, carci, eqspluataciis
saxelmZRvanelo, sertifikati da gadasatani keisi.
Silverschidt BL kompleqtaciiT 34120000 (vercxlis
buniki, dartymiTi 0,735 nm energiiT), Seicavs
yvelafers rasac _ Silverschidt BN da sakalibro
nimuSs.
nax. 2. monacemTa
dartymis Semdeg displei aRricxavs (nax. 2): gamosaxuleba ekranze
nulovani niSnuli
aRniSvna `50~
analogiuri skala
54
Q-s faqtobriv mniSvnelobas;
fsevdoanalogur skalas;
mricxveli gviCvenebs 4-niSniani sumatoris 2 ukanasknel cifrs,
gazomvaTa saerTo raodenobidan an gazomvis nomers seriaSi;
kumSvis simtkice gamosaxeba maCveneblebiT; n/mm2, kgZ/sm2. psi, kg/sm2.
a) 14
fosos diametri, mm
12
mpa
55
fosos diametrs zomaven StangenfargliT, gamadidebeli da
dagraduirebuli lupiT, 0,1 mm sizustiT an kuTxovani masStabis daxmarebiT.
zomaven ori urTierTperpendikularuli mimarTulebiT da iReben am ori
sididis saSualo ariTmetikuls, konstruqciis erT zedapirze Catarebuli
gazomvidan, umcires da udides Sedegs ugulebelyofen da darCenilidan
iTvlian saSualo mniSvnelobas. betonis simtkice (kgZ/sm2) ganisazRvreba
satariro mrudiT, saSualo maCveneblis mixedviT.
a)
b)
3,0
fardoba
2,6
db=de
2,2
1,8
1,6
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 R, mpa
56
4. xelsawyo КИСИ
nax. 8. УК-16П
57
dartymiTi talRis meTodiT betonis simtkicis kontroli dafuZnebulia
meqanikuri dartymiT gamowveuli grZivi talRebis gavrcelebaze.
betonis simtkicis kontrolis rezonansuli (vibraciuli) meTodis
safuZvelia konstruqciis sakuTari rxevis sixSire da misi milevadobis
maxasiaTebeli.
gamocdis radiometriuli meTodis arsia gamosacdel masalaSi
radioaqtiuri sxivebis intensivobis zoma. -sxivebis intensivobis
cvlilebiT SeiZleba betonis miaxloebiTi simkvrivis gansazRvra.
armaturis ganlageba (Txelkedlian konstruqciaSi) da betonis damcavi
Sris kontroli rkinabetonis konstruqciaSi warmoebs eleqtromagnituri
xelsawyos ИЗС-10Н, ИЗС-2-is saSualebiT. xelsawyos moqmedebis principi
dafuZnebulia sxvadasxva manZilze gadamwodis magnituri winaRobis
cvlilebaze. xelsawyoTi SeiZleba rkinabetonSi 6...16 mm diametris
armaturis ganlageba aRmovaCinoT 5...70 mm siRrmeze.
saSeni masalis da rkinabetonis konstruqciis xarisxis kontrolisaTvis
gamoiyeneba specialuri stacionaruli da gadasaadgilebeli eleqtronul-
akustikuri da radiometriuli laboratoria. am laboratoriaSi sazRvraven
rkinabetonis drekadobis moduls, konstruqciis Siga defeqts, armaturis
ganlagebas da sxv.
58
Beton Condtrol gamorCeuli Taviseburebaa xelsawyos korpusze
gasaSualebuli satatiro cxrilebis arseboba, romelic iTvaliswinebs
dartymis mimarTulebas.
xelsawyos maxasiaTebelia: dartymis didi energia – zambaris
SekumSvis Zala – 70 n; indentoris burTulis radiusis Casobis gadidebuli
farTobi - 255 mm; Casobis samuSao zedapiris da indentoris didi sisale.
59
dartymis mimarTulebis xuTnair koreqtirebas
(0, 45, 90, 135, 180); SesaZlebloba, ganzomilebas
mianiWos niSani (fila, kolona, rigeli, koWi da
a.S.); 5000 ganzomilebis maxsovrobas; gazomvis
sididis erTeulis amorCevas (mgpa, kgZ/sm2, n/mm2);
personalur kompiuterTan kavSirs; TviTdamten
damrtymel meqanizms; simtkicis gazomvis diapazonia
3,5...100 mgpa; simtkicis cdomilebaa araumetes 7%.
garda zemoT CamoTvlilisa, arsebobs
analogiuri daniSnulebis Semdegi xelsawyoebi:
nax. 11. ОНИКС-2.6 ИПС-МГ4.03; ТПС-МГ4; ПОС 50 МГ4; ОНИКС-МГ4;
ОНИКС-2,61; ОНИКС-ОС da sxva. G
60
TiToeuli xazi aRniSnavs garkveul sisqes. saxazavi edeba bzars da
iZebneba bzaris siganis Sesabamisi xazi.
mSeneblobadamTavrebuli (rekonstruirebuli
gafarToebuli) obieqtebis eqspluataciaSi miReba
61
moadgileebis uflebiT. muSa-komisiebis movaleobebia: Sesrulebuli samSeneblo
samontaJo samuSaoebis saproeqto-saxarjTaRricxvo dokumentaciasTan,
standartebTan, samSeneblo normebTan da wesebTan, samuSaos warmoebis
proeqtTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba; danadgarebis miReba maTi individualuri
da kompleqsuri gamocdis Semdeg, Sesabamisi aqtis SedgeniT; Senoba-
nagebobaTa calkeuli kvanZebis Semowmeba; samrewvelo daniSnulebis
obieqtebis mzadyofnis Semowmeba produqciis gamosaSvebad misi mzadyofnis
Taobaze (Sesabamisi aqtis SedgeniT, snw-is moTxovnebis dacviT).
generaluri moijare valdebulia gadasces muSa-komisias saWiro
dokumentacia.
g) saxelmwifo mimRebi komisiebi. samrewvelo daniSnulebis obieqtebis
miReba warmoebs saxelmwifo mimRebi komisiis mier, romelsac niSnaven
saministroebi da Sesabamisi uwyebebi. mimReb komisiaSi Sedian: damkveTis
(menaSenis), saeqspluatacio organizaciis, generaluri moijaris, sakrebulos,
generaluri damproeqteblis, saxelmwifo sanitaruli zedamxedvelobis
organoebis, saxelmwifo saxanZro zedamxedvelobis organoebis, garemos
dacvis saxelmwifo inspeqciis, profkavSirebis Sromis teqnikuri inspeqciis,
damkveTis profkavSiruli organizaciis da damfinansebeli bankis
warmomadgenlebi. damkveTi saxelmwifo mimReb komisias gadascems yvela
saWiro dokumentacias.
saxelmwifo mimRebi komisiis uflebamosileba wydeba obieqtis
eqspluataciaSi miRebis momentidan. mSeneblobadamTavrebuli obieqtebis
saxelmwifo mimRebi komisiebis mier eqspluataciaSi miReba formdeba
aqtebiT, romlebic Sedgenilia snw-is moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad. obieqtis
miRebis aqtis damtkiceba xdeba im organos gadawyvetilebiT (brZanebiT,
dadgenilebiT), romelmac daniSna komisia.
d) ucxouri firmebis monawileobiT aSenebuli obieqtebis
eqspluataciaSi miRebis gansakuTrebuli pirobebi.
mSeneblobadamTavrebuli obieqtebi, saxelmwifo mimRebi komisiebis
mier miRebamde, miiRebian muSa komisiebis mier, romlebsac qmnian damkveTebi.
muSa komisiis aqti mtkicdeba saministros (uwyebis) – damkveTis mier da
warmoadgens safuZvels Seyvanili sawarmoo simZlavreebis Sesatanad
saxelmwifo angariSgebaSi. obieqtis miReba saxelmwifo mimRebi komisiis
mier xorcieldeba sagareo ekonomikuri kavSirebis saministrosa da ucxouri
62
firma-momwodeblebis damkveTis warmomadgelebis maT Soris kontaqtebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebis Taobaze oqmebis xelmoweris
Semdeg.
e) samoqalaqo-sacxovrebeli daniSnulebis obieqtebis miReba.
saxelmwifo mimRebi komisiebis mier eqspluataciaSi miRebas
eqvemdebarebian mxolod damtkicebuli proeqtis Sesabamisad yvela samSeneblo-
samontaJo samuSaoTa damTavrebis, teritoriis keTilmowyobis, danadgarebiTa
da inventariT obieqtebis uzrunvelyofis, agreTve defeqtebis aRmofxvris
Semdeg.
63
Tavi N# 9
64
qseluri grafikis parametrebi
dro.
drois mTliani maragi ( Ri j ).
65
66
nax. 1. drois mixedviT optimizebuli qseluri grafiki
xangrZlivobisa da misi dawyebis ugvianesi vadis jamiT. grafikis yvela
samuSaosaTvis ugvianesi dawyeba-damTavreba saboloo xdomilobidan
dawyebuli TanmimdevrobiT ganisazRvreba.
samuSaos uadresi da ugvianesi vadebis Sedareba avlens kritikul
gzas da drois marags. Tu es vadebi erTmaneTs emTxveva, maSin samuSaoebi
kritikul gzaze mdebareoben da maT drois maragi ar gaaCniaT. danarCeni
samuSaoebisaTvis SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros drois maragi, romelic
uadresi da ugvianesi vadebis sxvaobas warmoadgens. ansxvaveben drois
mTlian da Tavisufal maragebs.
drois mTliani maragi ewodeba drois im raodenobas, romelzec
SeiZleba samuSaos dasawyisis gadatana an mSeneblobis saerTo vadis
Seucvlelad misi xangrZlivobis gazrda; ganisazRvreba samuSaos dawyeba-
damTavrebis ugvianesi da uadresi vadebis sxvaobiT.
drois Tavisufali maragi warmoadgens drois im raodenobas, romelzec
SeiZleba samuSaos dasawyisis gadatana an misi xangrZlivobis gazrda
momdevno samuSaoebis dawyebis uadresi vadis Seucvlelad. mas adgili aqvs
im SemTxvevaSi, roca xdomilobaSi `Sedis” ori an meti samuSao da
ganisazRvreba momdevno samuSaos uadresi dawyebisa da mocemuli samuSaos
uadresi damTavrebis vadebis sxvaobiT.
samuSaos xangrZlivoba _ t i j ;
ad.daw
samuSaos uadresi dawyevis vada _ t i j
ad.dam
samuSaos uadresi damTavrebis vada _ t i j ;
gv.daw
samuSaos ugvianesi dawyebis vada _ t i j ;
gv.dam
samuSaos ugvianesi damTavrebis vada _ t i j ;
67
drois mTliani (saerTo) maragi _ Ri j ;
68
drois mTliani da Tavisufali maragi ganisazRvreba Semdegnairad:
drois mTliani maragi miiReba isris bolosTan mniSvnelis ricxviTi
mniSvnelobidan isris dasawyisTan mricxvelis ricxviTi mniSvnelobisa da
ganxiluli samuSaos xangrZlivobis jamis gamoklebiT.
drois Tavisufali maragi tolia isris bolosTan mricxvelis ricxviT
mniSvnelobas gamoklebuli isris dasawyisTan mricxvelis ricxviTi
mniSvnelobisa da ganxiluli samuSaos xangrZlivobis jamisa. naxazze
naCvenebia sawyisi qseluri grafikis fragmentis gaangariSeba `wiladis
wesiT”. naxazidan Cans, rom kritikuli xdomilobebia 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12 da 14.
69
mniSvnelovnad mcirea sadireqtivo xangrZlivobaze, e.i. Tkr Tdir , maSin misi
70
parametrebis dayvana muSebis raodenobis mixedviT
71
dayvana `xangrZlivoba-TviTRirebulebis” mixedviT
72
Tavi # 10
obieqtis mSeneblobis gengegma swp-is SemadgenlobaSi.
mSeneblobis situaciuri gegma
73
a) daitaneba yvela mudmivi Senoba, gzebi da komunikaciebi;
b) naCvenebia samontaJo da miwismTxreli manqanebis moZraobis gzebi:
mravalsarTuliani sacxovrebeli Senobebis agebis dros samontaJo
amweebis raodenoba damokidebulia rig faqtorebze: samSeneblo
samontaJo samuSaoTa moculobebze da mSeneblobis dadgenil vadebze;
Senobis konfiguracize da zomebze gegmaSi, Senobis simaRleze da
samontaJo elementebis udides masaze; mSenebelobisaTvis miRebuli
amweebis ZiriTadi parametrebia: isris Svera, kavis awevis simaRle da
tvirTamweoba;
g) daitaneba droebiTi gzebis ubnebi iseTi angariSiT, rom isini
ganlagdnen samontaJo manqanebis zonaSi, xolo sawyobebi, rogorc wesi,
ganlagdeba gzisa da samontaJo amwis RerZebs Soris;
d) ganlagdeba Ria sawyobebi da fardulebi;
e) ganlagdeba sawarmoo-sayofacxovrebo da administraciul-sameurneo
Senobebi. yvela droebiTi Senoba mizanSewonilia ganlagdes erT ubanze,
Senobebs Soris xanZarsawinaaRmdego normebiT gaTvaliswinebul
manZilebis (15-20 m) dacviT.
v) daitaneba droebiTi wyalgayvaniloba da eleqtroxazebi. droebiTi
wyalgayvaniloba, rogorc wesi ewyoba gansazRvruli sqemiT.
aucileblad unda daproeqtdes wyalsadenis miyvana sawarmoo-
sayofacxovrebo SenobebTan da kantorasTan.
obieqtis samSeneblo generaluri gegma muSavdeba obieqtis zomebis
mixedviT masStabiT: 1:200-dan 1:500-mde.
sawarmos (sacxovrebeli kvartalis, dasaxlebis da sxva) SemadgenlobaSi
Semavali calkeuli obieqtis samSeneblo generaluri gegmis daproeqteba
rekomendebulia Sesruldes jgufebad (cxrili wignidan 8.23).
pirveli jgufi. daitaneba amweebis ganlagebis wertilebi da maTi
gadaadgilebis gzebi dgomisa da amweebis moqmedebis radiusebis, isris
Sverisa da samontaJo zomebis CvenebiT. amasTan, amwesa dasaSenebeli Senobis
kedels Soris uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes Tavisufali gasasvleli
siganiT aranakleb 0,7 m-isa (naxazebze 8.6, a – 8.6, b – moyvanilia saerTo
samoedno gengegmisa da saobieqto samSeneblo gengegmis fragmentebi).
masalebis, naxevarfabrikatebisa da nakeTobebis sawyobebi, ganlagebuli
rkinigzisa da saavtomobilo gzebis gaswvriv, uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes
74
nakeTobebis moxmarebis adgilamde Semdgomi transportirebisaTvis
aucilebeli datvirTvisa da gantvirTvis frontebi. sawyobebi unda iqnes
ganlagebuli gzidan aranakleb 0,5 m-isa, xolo airebiani balonebis sawyobebi
– Senobebidan aranakleb 20 m-isa.
meore jgufi. am jgufSi gaerTianebulia administraciul-sameurneo
da sanitarul-sayofacxovrebo Senobebi; ubnis ufrosis, samuSaoTa
mwarmoeblisa da ostatis jixurebi, sakuWnao, sasadilo, sapirfareSoebi.
samuSao adgilidan sasadilomde manZili rekomendebulia miviRoT
araumetes 300 m, Tu Sesvenebis xangrZlivoba 30 wuTi da araumetes 600 m-isa
1 sT Sesvenebis SemTxvevaSi.
sapirfareSoebi unda iqnes ganlagebuli ise, rom TiToeuli maTgani
emsaxurebodes 100 m-de radiusiT Semoweril farTobs gaTvaliswinebuli
unda iyos agreTve Tambaqos mosawevi da saxanZro inventaris adgilebi.
mesame jgufi. elementebis qselebi da wyalmomarageba-eleqtromomara-
gebis mowyobilobebi. qselebis daproeqteba rekomendebulia Sesruldes
Sereuli wesiT. Cixuri xazebis gayvana dasaSvebia araumetes 200 m-is
sigrZisa.
saxanZro hidrantebis daSoreba erTmaneTisagan ar unda aRematebodes
150 m. hidrantis daSoreba Senobidan 50 m-ze naklebi da 5 m-ze meti, xolo
gzis piridan araumetes 2,5 m-isa.
eleqtroxazis Zabva, kv. 1-mde 1-20-mde 35-100 154 220 330-500
daSoreba manqanebidan 1,5 2 4 5 6 9
75
saerTo samSeneblo generaluri gegma organizaciis
proeqtis SemadgenlobaSi
misasvleli gzebi
76
gaTvaliswinebiT. didi zomis tvirTebis gadasatanad gzebs gegmaSi unda
gaaCndeT simrudis radiusi 30 m. avtomanqanis 15-20 km-sT siCqariT
moZraobisaTvis dasaSvebia 12 m. mSeneblobis saWiroebisTvis pirvel rigSi
gamoyenebuli unda iqnes samrewvelo sawarmoTa mudmivi gzebi, romelTa
mSenebloba proeqtiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli. im SemTxvevaSi Tu es
SeuZlebelia ewyoba gruntis gzebi.
77
mesame etapi. xorcieldeba meqanizirebuli danadgarebis ganlageba
sawyobebisa da amweebis ganlagebasTan SeTanxmebiT.
meoTxe etapi. meqanizebuli danadgarebisa da saobieqto sawyobebis
ganlagebis paralelurad aproeqteben Sidasamoedno saavtomobilo gzebs.
aRniSnuli gzebis sigane ormxrivi moZraobisaTvis unda iyos 6 m.
calmxrivisa 3,5. gzebis dacileba mSenebare nagebobebidan ar unda
aRematebodes 25 m, simrudis radiusi 12 m.
Sidasamoedno gzebis qseli unda iqnes rgoluri, Cixebis gareSe.
mexuTe etapi. sameurneo, sayofacxovrebo da administraciuli Senobebis
ganlageba.
xanZarsawinaaRmdego manZili mudmiv droebiT Senoba-nagebobebs Soris
miiReba saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebis Tanaxmad.
daSoreba wylis sasmeli danadgarebidan samuSao adgilamde ar unda
aRematebodes 75 m. sanitaruli kvanZebis maqsimaluri dacileba Senobis
gare nebismier adgilamde ar unda aRemateboda 200 m.
samSeneblo gengegmaze naCvenebi unda iyos ZiriTadi zomebi. inventaruli
Senobebi da droebiTi komunikaciebi mibmuli unda iqnes arsebul SenobebTan
an mudmiv komunikaciebTan. inventaruli Senobebi mierTebuli unda iqnes
komunikaciebTan: TbotrasasTan, wyalgayvanilobasTan, kanalizaciasTan,
satelefono kavSirebisa da eleqtroganaTebis xazebTan.
meeqvse etapi. iTvaliswinebs samSeneblo gengegmaze wyalmomaragebisa
da energomomaragebis mowyobilobebisa da qselebis, agreTve samuSao
adgilebisa da samSeneblo moednis gasanaTeblad qselebis datanas.
wylis, orTqlis da eleqtromomaragebis qselebi samSeneblo gengegmaze
daitaneba milebis sigrZisa da diametris, eleqtrosadenebis kveTebis
aRniSvniT.
meSvide etapi. saerTo-samoedno samSeneblo generaluri gegmis
daproeqtebis damamTavrebel etaps warmoadgens kavSirisa da signalizaciis
saSualebebisa da qselebis, agreTve sadispetCero kavSiris teqnikuri
saSualebebis datana, damuSavebuli proeqtis Tanaxmad.
78
Tavi # 11
79
P q(t1 t 2 t3 )
80
droebiTi administraciul sayofacxovrebi Senobebis
ganTavsebis sakiTxebi, samSeneblo moedanze da
maTi gaangariSeba
81
saSxapeebis farTis saangariSo damokidebuleba
brigadaSi muSebis raodenobaze
muSebis farTobi 1 kacze, m2
Sxapebis muSebis
raodenoba maT Soris
raodenoba, raodenoba 1 saSxape
brigadaSi saSxape wina adgili
cali Sxapze saTavso
kac. kabinis
10 2 5 0,600 0,216 0,484
15 3 5 0,556 0,216 0,340
20 4 5 0,546 0,216 0,330
25 5 5 0,536 0,216 0,320
30 5 6 0,480 0,160 0,320
SeniSvna: saSxape kabinis zomebia 1,20,9 m; saSxaposwina – 1,92 m2. saSxapes samuSao
dro Seadgens 30 wuTs, samuSao cvlis damTavrebis Semdeg.
82
Tavi # 12
4q 1000
D , mm
v
sadac q aris saangariSo xarji, l/wm;
v – milebSi wylis moZraobis siCqare (miiReba 1,5-2 m/wm).
wyalgayvanilobis droebiT qselSi moixmareba plastmasis milebi
diametriT 25-150 mm; weliwadis civ periodisaTvis milebi unda iqnes
Cawyobili SedarebiT Rrmad, xoli Tbili periodisaTvis miwis zedapirTan
axlos 20-30 sm siRrmeze.
Cveulebrivad qselSi wylis xarjis gansazRvra xdeba mricxvelis
saSualebiT. gamsxvilebuli maCveneblebiT gaangariSebisas samSeneblo-
samontaJo samuSaoTa wliuri moculobis erT milion larze wylis
sawarmoo da sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo saWiroebisaTvis (QsaW ) l/wm.
ganisazRvreba formuliT:
83
QsaW ScK l/wm,
momsaxurebisaTvis K sT =2);
84
H 2 momuSaveTa ricxvi, romlebic sargebloben SxapiT.
wylis jamuri xarji l/wm samSeneblo moedanze.
qjam qsaw qsam qxanZ .
85
mSeneblobis uzrunvelyofa eleqtroenergiiT
da droebiTi elmomaragebis wyaroebi
gaangariSebis meTodi
86
cos simZlavris koeficienti gare da Siga ganaTebisaTvis cos =1
rodesac cnobilia eleqtroenergiis yvela momxmarebeli, samuSaoTa
warmoebis proeqtis damuSavebisas, saangariSo satransformatoro simZlavres
kilovatamperebSi (kva) ganisazRvreba formuliT:
P K Pt K 2
P K Z 1 PS.x K 3 Pg.g K 4 ,
cos cos
sadac P aris eleqtroenergiis wyaros an transformatoris saWiro
simZlavre (kv.a);
K – koeficienti, romelic iTvaliswinebs simZlavris kargvebs qselSi
da miiReba 1,1;
PZ calkeuli manqanebisa da danadgarebis simZlavre kilovatebSi
(kvt);
Pt sawarmoo teqnikuri daniSnulebis calkeuli momxmareblis
simZlavre (kvt);
PS.g droebiTi Senoba-nagebobebis da mSenebare Senobebis Sida
87
sahaero xazebis mowyoba, magaliTad, amweebis muSaobis zonaSi, gzebze
gadasvlis dros da sxva.
mSeneblobis teritoriis, saobieqto sawyobebis, gzebis, gasasvlelebisa
da sxva eleqtroganaTebisaTvis gamoiyeneba mZlavri saSualebebi
(proJeqtorebi), romelTa mowyoba xdeba 15-18 m simaRlis anZebze, Senobebze,
koSkura amweebze. sinaTlis saWiro nakadi lumelebSi gamoiTvleba
formuliT: F FsaS SKm , sadac FsaS aris saSualo ganaTebuloba luqsebSi; S
88
Tavi # 13
samSeneblo obieqtamde droebiTi misasvleli da Sida
samoedno gzebis mowyobis sakiTxebi da maTi gaangariSeba
89
did rols asrulebs kargad mowyobili saavtomobilo gzebi. saavtomobilo
gzebi SeiZleba iyos mudmivi an droebiTi. saavtomobilo gzebis daproeqteba,
ganlageba da ageba warmoebs samSeneblo normebis saxelmZRvanelo
debulebebis mixedviT.
avtotransportis moZraobis sqemas adgenen samSeneblo-samontaJo
samuSaoebis Catarebis Sesabamisad. damuSavebuli moZraobis sqemiT
uzrunvelyofilia yvela avtosaSualebis daubrkolebeli moZraoba. am
sqemis Sesabamisad konkretdeba droebiTi gzebis tipologia, sigrZe,
urTierTkavSiri sxvadasxva obieqtebTan, sxvadasxva SezRudvebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. droebiTi gzebis ZiriTadad maxasiaTeblad normebiT
dadgenilia:
gzebze zolebis raodenoba 1...2
gzis sigane, m.
a) zolis sigane 3,5...3
b) savali nawilebis sigane 3,5...6
miwis vakisi, m
gegmaSi gzis moxvevisas
umciresi radiusi, m 12-18 12-18
saangariSo xilvadoba, m.
a) gzis zedapirze 50 30
b) Semxvedri avtomanqanis 100 70
avtotransportis moZraobis zols vadgenT avtomanqanis ganivi zomebis
mixedviT, agreTve mSeneblobaze gzis zedapiris mosawyobad dagegmili
asawyobi konstruqciebis Sesabamisad.
raodenoba (mwarmoebloba)
90
t
qdR.R qm ,
tc
91
l l
tcik tdat tgan tdR.d ,
V1 V2
sasargeblo tvirTamweoba, t.
92
aq Etr aris danaxarjebi manqanis bazidan obieqtze gadmotanasa da ukan
bazaSi dabrunebaze;
Emo.de danaxarjebi igive manqanis damontaJebaze, sacdel amuSavebaze da
demontaJze;
Edam danaxarjebi damxmare mowyobilobebTan eleqtroxazebis miyvanaze,
gadaadgilebaze;
Tcv obieqtze manqanis muSaobis cvlebis saerTo ricxvi.
ricxvi);
Cm,s mimdinare saeqspluatacio danaxarjebi.
manqana-cvlis TviTRirebulebis Semcireba SesaZlebelia manqana-
meqanizmebis gamoyenebis vadebis gazrdiT or da samcvlian muSaobaze
gadayvanis gziT. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis ganvixiloT magaliTi. ganvsazRvroT
saamortizacio Tanxebi, romelic modis koSkura amwis muSaobaze pirvel da
meore cvlaSi, Tu amwe erTcliani muSaobis pirobebSi weliwadSi muSaobs
220 dRis ganmavlobaSi, xolo orcvliani muSaobis pirobebSi gadabazirebasa
da SekeTebisaTvis saWiro dReebis gazrdasTan dakavSirebiT – 190 dRe.
koSkura amwis wliuri saamortizcio Tanxa Seadgens 2640 lars.
amoxsna: 1. saamortizacio Tanxis sidide, romelic modis manqana-
cvlaze, erTcliani muSaobis pirobebSi Seadgens:
2640 : 220 = 12 lars.
1. saamortizacio Tanxebis anazRaurebis sidide amwis orcvliani
muSaobis pirobebSi pirveli cvlis ganmavlobaSi iqneba
12 190 = 2280 lari.
2. saamortizacio Tanxa, romelic unda anazRaurdes wlis ganmavlobaSi
meore cvlaSi muSaobis dros, Seadgens
2640 – 2280 = 360 lari.
93
3. saamortizacio Tanxa, romelic modis erT manqana-cvlaze amwis
meore cvlaSi muSaobisas Seadgens
360 : 190 = 1,89 lari.
4. koSkura amwis manqana cvlis TviTRirebulebaTa Soris sxvaoba
pirveli da meore cvlisaTvis iqneba
12 – 1,89 = 10,11 lari.
94
Qs V
Ms ,
100 sT K cv. T
95
Tavi # 14
96
2. muSebi uzrunvelyofilni unda iqnen Tbili da rbili xelTaTmanebiT;
3. samuSao dro cvlaSi unda iyos ara umetes 6 saaTisa da samuSao
periodSi aucilebelia Sesvenebebi.
samSeneblo manqana-danadgarebis usafrTxo eqspluatacia gulisxmobs
maTi meqanizmebis yvela Ria mbrunavi an moZravi nawilebis mTlianad
daxurvas an gadamRobi mowyobilobebis mowyobas.
gansakuTrebiT saSiSia isriani amweebis eqspluataciis procesSi asawevi
tvirTebis didi simaRlidan Camovardna, romelic SeiZleba daeces, rogorc
amwis moqmedebis zonis SigniT, aseve mis gareT. am SemTxvevaSi saWiroa
saSiSi zonis radiusis gamoTvla da am zonaSi xalxis dauSvebloba.
amwis muSaoba 12 m/wm siCqariT qaris SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia. amwis
isari unda dadges qaris mimarTulebiT horizontalur mdgomareobaSi,
xolo amwe unda damagrdes adgilze.
eleqtroSeduRebiT samuSaoebis Sesrulebis dros mowmdeba
transformatoris da misi korpusis meoradi gragnilis Camiwebis saimedooba,
SeduRebis gamtarebis izolacia, individualuri dacvis saSualebebi.
SeduRebis rkalis sxivebisagan Tvalis dasacavad gamoiyeneba Suqfiltriani
saTvaleebi.
eleqtro deniT, eleqtruli manqanebiT da transformatorebiT
muSaoba unda warmoebdes damamzadebeli qarxnis instruqciis Sesabamisad.
yvela eleqtro saSualebebi, rogorc wesi damiwebul unda iqnes.
eldenis moqmedeba adamianis organizmze iwvevs eleqtrul tramvebs
da dartymebs. dartymebis ZiriTadi mizezebia denis bioligiuri moqmedeba,
rac saSiSi faqtorebis gamomwvevi xdeba.
samSeneblo moedanze yvela momuSavem unda daicvas xanZarsawinaaRmdego
usafrTxoebis wesebi, romlebsac isini gaecnen usafrTxoebis teqnikaSi
Sesabamisi instruqtaJis dros.
_ momuSavem kargad unda icodes xanZarsawinaaRmdego saSualebebiT
sworad sargebloba.
samSeneblo moedani uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes xanZarsawinaaRmdego
saSualebebiT, saxanZro dafiTa da qviSiani yuTiT.
Tambaqos moweva dasaSvebia mxolod specialurad gamoyofil
adgilebSi.
_ xanZris qrobisaTvis iyeneben wyals, qviSas da cecxlsaqrobs.
97
Tavi # 15
samSeneblo warmoebis operatiuli dagegmva, marTva
da kontroli
operatiuli dagegmvis daniSnuleba
98
1. perspeqtiuli gegmebis Sedgenisadmi saprogramo miznobrivi midgoma,
warmoebisa da mSeneblobis saboloo Sedegebze orientacia;
2. winasagegmo muSaobis ekonomikuri prognozirebis rolis gazrda;
3. dagegmvis uwyvetoba da gegmebis memkvidreobiToba;
4. dagegmvis kompleqsuroba dasagegmavi obieqtis yovelmxrivi gamokvlevis
safuZvlebi;
5. dasagegmavi problemebis wris gafarToeba, gegmebis maCveneblebis
struqturisa da sistemis srulyofa;
6. dagegmvis mecnieruli donis amaRleba;
7. gegmebis stabiluroba;
8. centralizebuli xelmZRvanelobis SeTanwyoba samSeneblo organizaciebis
farTo iniciativasa da meurneobriv damokidebulebasTan;
9. ekonomikuri stimulirebis sistemis Seqmna, romelic xels uwyobs
dainteresebis amaRlebas da samSeneblo warmoebis xarisxobrivi
maCveneblebis gasaumjobeseblad.
99
safuZvelze, romelsac awarmoebs samuSaoTa mwarmoebeli cvlis damTavrebis
Semdeg, sakvirao-sadReRamiso grafikis TiToeuli poziciis mixedviT. am
monacemebis safuZvelze, samuSao dRis bolos, igi angariSs abarebs ubnis
ufross. angariSebis analizi saSualebas iZleva droulad gamovlindes
gegmis Seusruleblobis mizezebi da miRebul iqnes zomebi muSaobis
organizaciis gasaumjobeseblad.
samuSaoTa mwarmoebels an ubnis ufross dRe-Ramuri grafikis
Sesrulebis monacemebi Seaqvs obieqtis sakvirao-sadReRamiso grafikSi da
maT Sesaxeb telefoniT atyobinebs samSeneblo-samontaJo sammarTvelos
dispetCers.
analogiur Setyobinebas grafikebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb samSeneblo-
samontaJo sammarTvelos gadascemen qvemoijaradre organizaciebi. aRniSnuli
monacemebisas Sesrulebis Sedegebs dispetCeri moaxsenebs samSeneblo-
samontaJo sammarTvelos xelmZRvanelobas.
zeviT moyvanili aRricxvebisa da kontrolis garda, mimdinareobs
agreTve samuSaoTa warmoebis operatiuli Tviuri gegmebis Sesrulebis
kontroli, romelic xorcieldeba samSeneblo-samontaJo sammarTvelos
sagegmo ganyofilebis mier buRalteriisa da samuSaoTa mwarmoeblebis
monawileobiT.
100
dadgenili sajaro administraciuli warmoebis wesis Sesabamisad –
araumetes 30 dRe.
2. dasaxlebaTa sivrciT-teritoriuli dagegmvis dokumentebis
damtkicebasTan dakavSirebuli administraciuli warmoebis orive warmoebis
orive etaps awarmoebs Sesabamisi TviTmarTvelobis Sesabamisi aRmasrulebeli
organo, xolo administraciul-samarTlebriv aqtebs gamoscems sakrebulo.
zogadi ganmartebebi
101
2. komisiis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, misi funqcia da ufleba-movaleobebi
ganisazRvreba debulebiT, romelsac q. TbilisSi da baTumSi amtkicebs,
Sesabamisad, q. Tbilisis an q. baTumis meria, xolo sxva TviTmmarTvel
erTeulebSi-adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis warmomadgenlobiTi
organo.
3. miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegmis gegmarebiTi davalebis
SemuSavebisaTvis saWiroa winasaproeqto kvleva, romelic moicavs:
fizikuri garemos kvlevas; dokumentur kvleva; teqnikur-ekonomikur
dasabuTebas.
4. dokumenturi kvleva moicavs saproeqto teritoriaze, misi dagegmarebisa-
Tvis saWiro, arsebuli qalaqmSeneblobiTi dokumentebis samarTlebrivi
aqtebis, samarTlebrivi reJimebis da kanonqvemdebare normatuli aqtebis
monacemebs, maTTan dakavSirebul analitikur da samecniero masalebs.
5. teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba moicavs saproeqto teritoriis
ZiriTad miznebs, amocanebs da dagegmarebis mizanSewonilobas.
102
danarTi I
komunaluri mSeneblobis organizacia
103
Senoba-nagebobebis eqspluataciis periodSi xSirad mimarTaven
gruntebis datkepna-SemWidrovebis sxvadasxva meTodebs.
gruntis wylebis doneebis dawevisa da saWiro mimarTulebiT
gadinebis mizniT mimarTaven drenaJis sistemis mowyobis xerxs.
saZirkvlebi ganekuTnebian nagebobis ZiriTad konstruqciul elementebs,
romlebic iReben Tavis Tavze miwiszeda nawilebis datvirTvas da gadascemen
fuZes Senobis simtkicisa da mdgradobis miRweva SesaZlebelia Semdegi
pirobebiT:
Tu saZirkvlis ZirSi, Senobis zeviT ganlagebuli konstruqciuli
elementebisagan da sasargeblo datvirTvisagan Seqmnili faqtiuri Zabva
normatiulze dabalia da erTnairia fuZis mTel farTze;
saZirkvlebs gaaCniaT saWiro simkvrive da masa;
konstruqcia gadascems fuZes vertikalur datvirTvebs;
saZirkvlebs akeTeben betonisagan, rkinabetonisagan, butobetonisagan,
romelsac irCeven Senobis kapitalurobis jgufis mixedviT.
saZirkvlebis agebis xerxis mixedviT iyofian monoloTur da asawyob
saxeebad. amas garda datvirTvebis sididisa da ganawilebis mixedviT
saZirkvlebi SeiZleba iyos werti;ovani da lenturi.
Senobebis eqspluataciis aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebul iqnes
sardafebis arseboba da maTi saZirkvlebis siRrmis gansazRvra.
Senobis eqspluataciaSi miRebis dros yuradReba unda daeTmos
saZirkvlebis hidroizolacias. maTi gaZlierebisa da remontis mizniT
saWiroa miwis samuSaoebis warmoeba da maTi gaxsna, Semdgomi samuSaoebis
CatarebisaTvis.
saZirkvlebis simtkicis aRdgena SesaZlebelia cementaciiT.
104
struqturis fiziko-qimiuri cvlilebebi an proeqtiT dasaSvebze meti
datvirTvebi. kedlebis daCqarebuli fizikuri cveTis gansakuTrebiT
gavrcelebuli mizezia misi perioduli datenianeba temperaturul
niSancvalebad cvalebadobasTan erTad.
qvis kedlebis teqnikuri eqspluatacia Sedgeba mimdinare da kapitaluri
remontebis RonisZiebebis kompleqsebisagan, romelTa amocanas warmoadgens
gare da Siga kedlebis simtkicisa da konstruqciuli elementebis simtkicisa
da damcavi Tvisebebis aRdgena da agreTve Senobis eqspluataciis procesSi
daTvalierebis dros aRmoCenili defeqtebis likvidacia. garegani
daTvalierebis dros sazRvraven eqspluatirebuli kedlebis mdgomareobas,
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqceven:
bzarebis arsebobas da maT xasiaTs kedlebSi da sxvadasxva
konstruqciuli elementebis SeerTebis adgilebSi.
wyobis rigebis ganSrevebas, kedlebis zRudarebis, karnizebis da sxva
arqiteqturuli detalebis, masalis daSla da gamofitvas, faqturuli gare
Sris aSrevebas.
teniani adgilebis arsebobas, Camonadenebs, marilgamonadenebs.
kedlebis Siga mxridan daTvalierebiT adgenen Siga da gare kedlebis
SeerTebis mdgomareobas, bzarebis arsebobas da xasiaTs, svel laqebs an
sxva defeqtebs.
105
gadaxurvaSi tenis SeRweva, hidrosaizolacio Sris darRveva iwvevs
gadaxurvis koWebis dazianebas. mimdinare remontebis dros aucilebelia
gadaxurvis yvela elementebis saeqspluatacio Tvisebebis aRdgena.
iatakebs waeyenebaT konstruqciuli, saeqspluatacio, sanitarul-
higienuri da mxatvrul-esTetikuri moTxovnilebebi. saTavsos iatakis
konstruqcia da masala ganisazRvreba saTavsos daniSnulebiT. nebismieri
saTavsos iatakebs unda gaaCndeT kargi winaRoba meqanikuri zemoqmedebis
mimarT, sixiste, drekadoba, dabali siTvoSTanTqma, iqnes gluvi, arasriala,
uxmauro da eqspluataciaSi mosaxerxebeli.
106
da feTqebadsaSiSi airebis gamoRwevis aRmosafxvrelad, saTavsoSi yvela
saxis wylis Camonadenis mimRebebi (baknebi, pirsabanebi, abazanebi, trapebi
da sxva) uerTeben qsels hidravlikuri Caketis gavliT amave mizniT
TiToeuli dgari gayavT sxvenis gavliT saxuravis zeviT 0,7 m. gamwovi
milebis diametri meti unda iyos dgaris diametrze 50 mm.
kapitaluri da mimdinare remontebis dros detali, romlebsac
gauvidaT normatiuli vada Secvlili. unda iqnen axliT, atareben
regulirebisa da gamarTvis samuSaoebs.
107
wvis produqtebi gaidevneba ventilaciiT, samzareulos saTavsis
ventilaciis gaumjobeseba xdeba fanjris gaRebiT, ris Sedegad haeris
daarineba mcirdeba 70%.
airmomaragebis sistemebis teqnikur eqspluatacias awarmoeben
specialuri saisro samsaxurebi, romlebic regularulad awarmoeben
mowyobilobebisa da airis sistemebis gamarTvas, regulirebas da gegmiur-
gamarTxilebel remonts.
airmomaragebis sistemebis umtyuno da usafrTxo eqspluataciisaTvis
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ventilaciisa da airsadenebis normaluri
muSaoba.
ubeduri SemTxvevis Tavidan acilebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT efeqturia
universaluri avtomatikis gamoyeneba airis xelsawyoebis eqspluataciis
dros, romelic wyvets airis miwodebas kvamlsadenSi wevis ar arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi.
108
danarTi II
airTbomomaragebis samuSaoebis organizacia
da marTva.
samuSao warmoebis kalendaruli grafikis SemuSaveba
109
romelime maTgani SeiZleba gamovardes nakadidan, magram rac ufro meti
procesebi gaaCnia erTi da igive ritms, miT ufro srulyofilia nakadis
organizacia. meqanizirebuli procesebisaTvis (siTbo an airqselebis
montaJi) rekomendirebulia miRebul iqnes ZiriTadi manqanebisa da
meqanizmebis orcvliani muSaoba.
samuSaoebis organizaciis paraleluri meTodis SemTxvevaSi samuSaoebis
saerTo fronti, aseve iyofa monazomebad da kalendaruli gegma dgeba
calkeuli samontaJo procesebis monazomebis SeTavsebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
zeinkal-santeqnikosebis calkeuli rgolebis viwro specializaciis
aucileblobiT, meqanizmebis maqsimaluri gamoyenebiT da Sromis dacvis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
calkeuli specializirebuli rgoli asrulebs Sesrulebis mixedviT
msgavsi teqnologiis mqone or-sam samontaJo process, erTi samontaJo
procesidan Tanmimdevrulad meore procesze gadasvliT. kalendaruli
gegmis Sedgena rekomendebulia ganvsazRvruli formiT, romelic
moyvanilia cxril 1-Si.
erT cvlaSi Sesrulebuli samuSaoebi, naCvenebia 12 grafaSi erTi
xaziT, xolo or cvlaSi ori xaziT. xazebs zeviT miniSnebul unda iqnes
muSebis raodenoba dReSi. grafikSi vertikaluri isrebiT naCvenebia
specializebuli rgolebis gadasvla erTi samontaJo procesidan meoreze.
samuSaoTa warmoebis kalendaruli gegma muSavdeba misi sxvadasxva
variantebis Sedarebis safuZvelze da maTgan saukeTesos arCeviT.
samSeneblo-samontaJo warmoebis organizaciis saukeTeso variantis
gansazRvrisaTvis TiToeuli maTganisaTvis unda iqnes gaangariSebuli
Semdegi maCveneblebi:
1. samuSaoTa Sesrulebis stabilerobis maCvenebeli
Tdad
K st 1 ,
Ts
110
3. samuSaoebis SeTasebis maCvenebeli
Ts
KS 1 n
,
ti
1
Sromatevadoba, Q kac-dRe
oTa manqa-
samuSaoTa xangrZlivoba,
Sesrulebis procenti, %
Tveebi
gamomuSavebis normis
mocu- nebi
gadaEarb. gaTvalisw.
cvlebis raodenoba
loba
samuSao kalendaruli dReebi
sazomi erTeuli
dReebi
(ЕРМР)
kaci
#
dasaxeleba
raodenoba
raodenoba
manq-cvl.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
111
kalendaruli gegmis siswore, romelic ganisazRvreba muSaTa moZraobis
Tanabrobis xarisxiT. amisaTvis gaangariSebul unda iqnes muSaTa moZraobis
uTanabrobis K koeficienti formuliT:
RsaS
K ,
Rmax
Q
RsaS ,
T
sadac Q samuSaoTa faqtiuri jamuri Sromatevadoba obieqtis mixedviT;
miiReba kalendaruli gegmis me-7 grafis monacemebis SekrebiT, kac-dRe; T –
obieqtze samuSaoTa Sesrulebis xangrZlivoba (miiReba kalendaruli gegmiT),
dReebi.
muSaTa moZraobis uTanabrobis koeficienti unda akmayofilebdes
pirobas
0,5 K 1,0 .
xdomiloba
nomeri
gv.daw
muSaoba a ad.daw ti j muSaoba b
t i i
sawyisi
xdomiloba
nomeri
112
qseluri grafikis angariSi cxrilis meTodi
samuSaos adreuli para- gviani para- drois kerZo
samuSaos xangrZli- metrebi, dR metrebi, dReebi saerTo dros miTi-
#
Sifri voba, rezervi, rezervi, Teba
tad.d tad.dam tgv.d. tgv.dam.
dReebi R, dR. kac. dR.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
113
danarTi III
santeqnikuri samuSaoebis organizacia
114
airmomaragebis sistema awodebs da anawilebs airsawvavs mosaxleobisa
da teqnologiuri procesebis moTxovnilebis mixedviT.
115
samuSaoebis organizaciisa da teqnologiebis principebi
116
iZleva saSualebas panelebs Soris arsebuli nakerebis dasabetonebis
saSualebas da zamTris pirobebSi mosaxvis samuSaoebi.
samuSaoTa organizaciis mimdevrobiT meTods, iyeneben ZiriTadad
maSin, rodesac santeqnikur samuSaoebs asruleben saerTo samSeneblo
samuSaoebis damTavrebis Semdeg, isic mxolod mciresarTuliani Senobebis,
sawarmoo korpusebisa da santeqnikuri sistemebis remontis dros arsebul
SenobebSi da maTi rekonstruqciis SemTxvevaSi.
117
samuSaoTa Sesrulebis qseluri grafiki
118
danarTi IV
120
saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
strategia saqarTvelo 2020
121
regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis
saministros samoqmedo gegma 2016-2019
122
regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis
saministros samoqmedo gegma 2016-2019
123
საქართველოს თანაინვესტირების ფონდი
3 მლრდ აშშ 1 მლრდ აშშ 0,5 მლრდ აშშ 1,5 მლრდ აშშ
დოლარი დოლარი დოლარი დოლარი
124
საქართველოს თანაინვესტირების ფონდი
125
125
საქართველოს მუნიციპალური განვითარების ფონდი
126
127
127
128
128
literatura
130
samuSaoTa warmoebis proeqti (swp) ...................................................................................... 28
kalendaruli gegmebis damuSavebis Tanmimdevroba ..................................................... 31
mSeneblobis kalendaruli gegma ................................................................................................... 31
leqcia 6. mSeneblobis uzrunvelyofa materialur SromiTi
resursebiT ................................................................................................................................ 33
samSeneblo manqanebis parkis organizacia da eqspluatacia .......................... 35
firmebisa da organizaciebis muSaobis dagegmva .......................................................... 35
Senobebi sarekonstruqcio samuSaoTa organizacia.
sarekonstruqcio samuSaoebi gawylovanebul gruntebSi .................................... 36
cementaciis meTodi ...................................................................................................................................... 37
dajdomadi gruntis gamagreba Sabiamnis xsnariT ........................................................ 37
saZirkvlebis gamagrebis samuSaoebi ........................................................................................... 38
saZirkvlis gamagrebis samuSaoebis organizacia .......................................................... 38
miwiszeda samuSaoTa warmoeba. kedlebis remontis teqnologia ................. 40
kedlebis remontis samuSaoebis organizacia ................................................................... 41
koWebisa da gadaxurvis remontis teqnologia. rkinabetonis
svetebis gaZlireba ........................................................................................................................................ 31
rkinabetonis koWebis gaZlireba ..................................................................................................... 41
saxuravis remonti da gaZliereba ................................................................................................ 42
saxuravis samuSaoebis organizacia ........................................................................................... 42
obieqtis mSenebloba SezRudul pirobebSi ....................................................................... 43
leqcia 7. mSeneblobis xarisxis kontroli ................................................................ 45
teqnikuri zedamxedveloba ................................................................................................................... 46
sakredito zedamxedveloba ................................................................................................................. 47
sabanko kreditebis gacemis wesi da Tanxebis moZraobis kontroli ...... 48
kreditebis gacemis organizacia da misi sididis gansazRvra ...................... 49
leqcia 8. Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis eqspluataciaSi miReba.
miRebis normatiuli stadiebi ......................................................................... 50
damkveTis mier dafaruli samSeneblo-samontaJo samuSaoebis
miReba .......................................................................................................................................................................... 50
gaSveba-gamarTvis samuSaoebi ............................................................................................................. 51
betonis simtkicis kontrolis urRvevi meTodebi da
xelsawyoebi ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
1. Smidtis eleqtronuli CaquCi ...................................................................................................... 52
2. fizdelis CaquCiT betonis simtkicis gansazRvra ................................................. 55
131
3. betonis simtkicis gansazRvra kaSkarovis CaquCiT ............................................... 55
4. xelsawyo КИСИ ........................................................................................................................................... 57
5. simtkicis sazomi Beton Condtrol ..................................................................................................... 58
6. Easy Beton Condtrol da Beton Pro Condtrol ...................................................................................... 59
7. mikroskopi Elcometer 900 ...................................................................................................................... 60
8. betonis bzaris sazomi Elcometer 143 ....................................................................................... 60
mSeneblobadamTavrebuli (rekonstruirebuli gafarToebuli)
obieqtebis eqspluataciaSi miReba ................................................................................................ 61
leqcia N9
qseluri grafikis arsi, safuZvlebi Semadgenloba. qseluri grafikis
elementebi .............................................................................................................................................................. 64
qseluri grafikis parametrebis gaangariSeba. parametrebis
gaangariSeba cxriluri meTodi ...................................................................................................... 67
parametrebis angariSi grafikuli meTodiT ....................................................................... 68
qseluri grafikis parametrebis gaangariSeba `wiladis wesiT” ................... 68
qseluri grafikis parametrebis dayvana mocemuli SezRudvebis
Sesabamisad. dayvanis (optimizaciis) cneba da misi saxeobebi ........................ 69
parametrebis dayvana drois mixedviT ....................................................................................... 69
parametrebis dayvana muSebis raodenobis mixedviT ................................................... 71
dayvana `xangrZlivoba-TviTRirebulebis” mixedviT ................................................... 72
leqcia 10
obieqtis mSeneblobis gengegma swp-is SemadgenlobaSi.
mSeneblobis situaciuri gegma ......................................................................................................... 73
calkeuli obieqtis gengegma swp-is SemadgenlobaSi ................................................ 73
saerTo samSeneblo generaluri gegma organizaciis
proeqtis SemadgenlobaSi .................................................................................................................. 75
saerTo samSeneblo generaluri gegma organizaciis proeqtis
SemadgenlobaSi ................................................................................................................................................ 76
samSeneblo moednis zonireba samuSaoTa warmoebis saWiroebiT ................. 77
samoedno samSeneblo gengegmis daproeqteba mopirkeTebis
SemadgenlobaSi ................................................................................................................................................ 77
leqcia 11
sasawyobo meurneobis mowyoba samSeneblo moedanze da maTi
gaangariSeba .......................................................................................................................................................... 79
sasawyobo meurneobis organizacia ............................................................................................. 80
132
droebiTi administraciul sayofacxovrebi Senobebis
ganTavsebis sakiTxebi, samSeneblo moedanze da maTi gaangariSeba
inventaruli droebiTi Senobebi da nagebobebi ............................................................ 81
leqcia 12
droebiTi wyalmomaragebis qseluri samSeneblo moedanze da maTi
gaangariSeba ......................................................................................................................................................... 83
wyalmomaragebis wyaroebis dadgena da qselis gaangariSeba .......................... 83
saWiroebis mixedviT droebiTi Tbomomaragebis gaangariSeba ......................... 85
mSeneblobis uzrunvelyofa eleqtroenergiiT da droebiTi
elmomaragebis wyaroebi .......................................................................................................................... 86
leqcia # 13
samSeneblo obieqtamde droebiTi misasvleli da Sida
samoedno gzebis mowyobis sakiTxebi da maTi gaangariSeba ............................... 89
satransporto nakadebis dadgena ................................................................................................... 90
mSeneblobis uzrunvelyofa amwe-meqanizmebiTa da transportiT ................ 91
amwe-meqanizmebisa da saxeobebis dadgena da gaangariSeba .................................. 94
leqcia # 14
usafxoebis sakiTxebi mSeneblobaze. Sromis usafrTxoebis
RonisZiebebi ......................................................................................................................................................... 96
leqcia # 15
samSeneblo warmoebis operatiuli dagegmva, marTva da kontroli ........ 97
operatiuli dagegmvis daniSnuleba ........................................................................................... 97
operatiuli dagegmvis ZiriTadi debulebebi .................................................................... 98
operatiuli dagegmvis kontrolis saxeebi ......................................................................... 99
saqarTvelos samSeneblo kanonmdebloba
saproeqto dokumentaciisa da mSeneblobis ganxilvis wesi ............................. 100
zogadi ganmartebebi .................................................................................................................................... 101
dasaxlebaTa teritoriebis gamoyenebisa da ganaSenianebis
regulirebis sakiTxTa komisia, misi uflebebi da movaleobebi .................. 101
danarTi I
komunaluri mSeneblobis organizacia
sacxovrebeli da sazogado Senobebis samSeneblo
konstruqciebis teqnikuri eqspluatacia .............................................................................. 103
fuZeebi, saZirkvlebi da sardafis saTavsebi .................................................................... 103
Senobis kedlebis teqnikuri eqspluatacia ........................................................................ 104
Senobis fasadebis teqnikuri eqspluatacia ....................................................................... 105
133
gadaxurvebisa da iatakebis teqnikuri eqspluatacia ............................................... 105
Siga wyalsadenis sistemis teqnikuri eqspluatacia ................................................. 106
kanalizaciis sistemis teqnikuri eqspluatacia ............................................................ 107
ventilaciis sistemebis teqnikuri eqspluatacia ......................................................... 108
airmomaragebis sistemebis teqnikuri eqspluatacia .................................................. 108
danarTi II
airTbomomaragebis samuSaoebis organizacia da marTva.
samuSao warmoebis kalendaruli grafikis SemuSaveba .......................................... 109
muSaxelis moZraobis grafikis Sedgena ................................................................................. 111
qseluri grafikis ageba da angariSi ........................................................................................ 112
danarTi III
santeqnikuri samuSaoebis organizacia ................................................................................... 114
sanitarul-teqnikuri sistemebis organizacia ................................................................. 115
samuSaoebis organizaciisa da teqnologiis principebi ...................................... 116
danarTi IV
qveynis ganviTarebis strategia da samSeneblo saqmianoba
saqarTveloSi ..................................................................................................................................................... 119
literatura ......................................................................................................................................................... 129
134
praqtikuli samuSao # 1
135
paraleluri nakaduri
miwis samuSaoebi
saZirkvlis amoyvana
miwiszeda
samuSaoebi
mosapirkeTebeli samuSao
136
praqtikuli samuSao #2
Tanabarritmiani nakadi
137
sadac n =5 br, N = 4 m. K =90 dRe, t brigadis dayovneba
T (5 4 1)90 8 90 720 dRe.
nakadi grafikulad SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes, rogorc wrfivi
kalendaruli grafikis, ise ciklogramis saxiT. wrfivi nakadis SemTxvevaSi
nakadi yoveli brigadisaTvis (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) gamoyofilia horizontaluri
xazebiT, xolo daxrili wrfeebi warmoadgenen TiToeuli brigadis
muSaobas monazomebis mixedviT.
138
praqtikuli samuSao # 3
cvladi da arajeradriTmiani riTmuli nakadi
139
praqtikuli samuSao #N4
mSeneblobis ekonomikuri efeqturoba
Э2 0,6(W1 W2 ); Э4 Ф(П1 П 2 ) .
mocemul formulaSi H aris zednadebi xarjebis sidide 0,5 – ki misi
pirobiT mudmivi nawili; T1 da T2 – Sesabamisad mSeneblobis normatiuli da
faqtiuri vadebi wleSi; W1 da W2 – mSeneblobis normatiuli da faqtiuri
Sromatevadobebi kac-dReebSi, 0,6-Sromatevadobebis SemcirebiT gamowveuli
zednadebi xarjebis ekonomia larebSi 1 kac-dReze; Эn kapdabandebaTa
efeqturobis normatiuli koeficientia, romelic mSeneblobis dargSi
miRebulia 0,12 toli. _ mSeneblobis mTliani saxarjTaRricxvo
Rirebulebis is nawilia, romelic qmnis ZiriTad sawarmoo fondebs.
1 da 2 – sabanko sauravis procentebisagan namati koeficientebia
mSeneblobis gegmiur da faqtiur periodebSi.
ganvixiloT magaliTi
asagebia 8 sarTuliani 32 biniani sacxovrebeli saxli saerTo
farTobiT 3840 kvadratuli metri, romlis saxarjTaRricxvo Rirebulebaa
=4400 aTasi lari. aSenebaze saWiro Sromatevadoba W2 =4500 kac/dRes,
140
samSeneblo organizacia Sida SromiTi da materialuri resursebis
da samSeneblo parkis mobilizebiT gegmavs Sromis nayofierebis gazrdis
10%-iT, xolo mSeneblobis dasrulebas 15 TveSi anu 1,25 weliwadSi ( W2 )
141
praqtikuli samuSao # 5
samSeneblo
samuSaoTa moculo-bebis
samontaJo
ganawileba (aTas
samuSaoebis
larebSi)
# obieqtis dasaxeleba moculoba
maT Soris
III-
sul mowyobilo- I-weli II-weli
weli
bis montaJi
1 mosamzadebeli periodi 519,8 _ 519.8 _ _
2 sawarmoo korpusi 3008,1 1827,2 1000,0 1000,0 1008,1
3 damxmare sawarmoo korpusi 75,9 8,1 _ _ 75,9
4 sasawyobo korpusi 611,2 82,1 100 400 111,2
5 qarxnis kantora 31,7 _ _ 31,7 _
6 samrewvelo daniSnulebis wyal-
sadeni 411,3 _ 60,0 240,0 111,3
7 saxanZro-sameurneo daniSnulebis
wyalsadeni 250,0 _ 150,0 100,0 _
sul 490,8 1922,8 1829,8 1771,7 1306,8
142
praqtikuli samuSao #N6
normatiul
normatiul
raodenoba
raodenoba
erTeulze
erTeulze
erTeulze
erTeulze
normativebis samuSaoTa da danaxarjebis sazomi
#
sul
sul
Sifri dasaxeleba erTeuli
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I varianti-xreSi (6-38-4; II varianti – RorRi (6-38-10)
1. krebuli 6 _ Sromis danaxarjebi kac.sT 197 2,8 552 197 2,8 552
10
2. T.1.1, p. 176 _ mobiluri betonSemrevebi,250 l manq. sT 27,8 3,86 107 27,8 3,86 107
_ sxva manqanebi man 69 3,2 221 69 3,2 221
3. T.4.1, p. 114 _ xreSi m3 76 13,0 988 _ _ _
9. T.4.1, p. 123 _ RorRi m3 _ _ _ 80 12,7 1016
10. T.4.1, p. 111 _ qviSa m3 50 20 1000 53 20 1060
11. T.4.1, p. 79 _ cementi, m400 t 27,5 175 4813 28,6 175 5005
12. T.4.3, p. 33 _ wyali m3 20 3,6 72 21 3,6 76
13. jami 7753 8037
143
praqtikuli samuSao #N7
magaliTi
144
praqtikuli samuSao # 8
ganvsazRvroT eqskavatoris remontebis raodenoba
magaliTi
145
praqtikuli samuSao # 9
2 4
3
4
2
0 6 6
1 8
4 3
3 5
7
qseluri grafiki sqema
146
praqtikuli samuSao # 10
gansazRvriT. t (ad.daw.
i j ) t (ad.daw.
1) t (i j )
t1ad.daw.
2 0 ; t13
ad.daw.
0; t 2ad.daw.
3 t12 2 ; t3ad.daw.
4 t13 4 ;
t 2ad.daw.
5 t13 4 ; t 4ad.daw.
5 t13 t34 4 8 12 ;
t 4ad.daw.
6 t13 t34 4 8 12 ; t5ad.daw.
6 t13 t34 t 45 4 8 6 18 ;
t1ad.daw.
2 t1ad.daw.
2 t12 0 2 2 ; t3ad.daw.
4 t3ad.daw.
4 t34 2 8 10 ;
t1ad.daw.
3 t1ad.daw.
3 t13 0 4 4 ; t 2ad.daw.
4 t 2ad.daw.
4 t 2 4 2 3 5 ;
t3ad.daw.
3 t 2ad.daw.
3 t 23 2 0 2 ; t 4ad.daw.
5 t 4ad.daw.
5 t 45 12 6 18 ;
t 4ad.daw.
6 t 4ad.daw.
6 t 46 10 4 14 ; t5ad.daw.
6 t5ad.daw.
6 t56 18 3 21 .
Tiug.daw
j Tkr (ti j max (ti j )
T1ug.daw
2 Tkr (t12 t 23 t34 t 45 t56 ) 21 (2 0 8 6 3) 2 ;
T2ug.daw
3 Tkr (t 23 t34 t 45 t56 ) 21 (4 8 6 3) 0 ;
T2ug.daw
4 Tkr (t34 t 45 t56 ) 21 (8 6 3) 4 ;
T4ug.daw
5 Tkr (t 45 t56 ) 21 (6 3) 12 ;
T5ug.daw
6 Tkr (t56 ) 21 (3) 18 ;
T4ug.daw
6 Tkr (t 46 ) 21 (4) 17 .
T ug.dm T(ug.dm
i j ) t (i j )
T ug.dm T2gv.dw
3 t12 0 0 0 ;
T ug.dm T2gv.dw
3 t 23 4 0 4 ;
T ug.dm T4gv.dw
5 t 45 12 6 18 ;
T ug.dm T4gv.dw
5 t 45 12 6 18 .
147
praqtikuli samuSao # 11
2 4
3
4
2
0 6 6
1 8
4 3
3 5
7
kalendaruli
xangrZlivoba
kodi (Sifri)
winamdebare
kr. gazis
samuSaos
samuSaos
samuSaos
aRniSvna
dReebi
kodi
i–j
ti – j
#
t idam
j t idam
j t idaw
j t idam
j r sT Rikr
j
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
meoTxe mexuTe
pirveli etapi meore etapi mesame etapi
etapi etapi
1 0 1-2 2 0 2 7 9 7 0 10/I
2 0 1-3 4 0 4 0 4 0 0 10/I kr
3 1 2-3 0 2 2 4 4 2 2 12/I
4 1 2-4 3 2 5 9 12 7 7 12/I
5 2 3-4 8 4 12 4 12 0 0 14/I kr
6 2 3-5 7 4 11 11 18 7 7 14/I
7 2 4-5 6 12 18 12 18 0 0 22/I kr
8 2 4-6 4 12 16 17 21 5 5
9 2 5-6 3 18 21 18 21 0 0 88/I kr
148
praqtikuli samuSao #N12
149
praqtikuli samuSao #N13
68
N 0,45 .
6 25
pasuxi: 1 sawevela misabmeliT.
150
praqtikuli samuSaoN# 14
Twl
tbn .
K
sadac K _ Senobebis ricxvia TiToeul jgufebSi.
12 12 12
tb1 0,75 Tve; tb2 0,92 Tve; tb3 1,71 Tve.
16 13 7
151
maragnakeTis sidide yovel jgufSi saxlebis mSeneblobis procesSi
Seadgens:
7 0,75
1
Pmar 100 52% ;
0,75 16
9 0,92
2
Pmar 100 67% ;
0,92 13
11 1,71
3
Pmar 100 78% .
1,71 7
saerTo farTobidan maragnakeTis absoluturi sidide Sesabamisad:
1600 52
I jgufi 8320 m2;
100
16900 67
II jgufi 11323 m2;
100
11200 78
III jgufi 8736 m2.
100
maragnakeTis saSualo sidide procentebSi yvela mSenebare saxlis
saerTo farTobidan iqneba
8320 11323 8736
100 64% .
44100
152
praqtikuli # 15
153
Sinaarsi
praqtikuli samuSao # 1
mSeneblobis warmarTvis mimdevrobiTi, paraleluri da nakaduri
meTodebi .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
praqtikuli samuSao #2
Tanabarritmiani nakadi ............................................................................................................................... 4
praqtikuli samuSao # 3
cvladi da arajeradriTmiani riTmuli nakadi ................................................................ 6
praqtikuli samuSao #N4
mSeneblobis ekonomikuri efeqturoba ........................................................................................ 7
praqtikuli samuSao # 5
ZiriTadi samuSaoebis kalendaruli gegma organizaciis proeqtSi ............ 9
praqtikuli samuSao #N6
100 m3 mZime betonis narevis damzadebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri
maCveneblebi ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
praqtikuli samuSao #N7
koSkura amwis muSaobis saamortizacio Tanxebis gansazRvra .......................... 11
praqtikuli samuSao # 8
ganvsazRvroT eqskavatoris remontebis raodenoba ...................................................... 12
praqtikuli samuSao # 9
qseluri grafikis xeliT gaangariSeba ...................................................................................... 13
praqtikuli samuSao # 10
qseluri grafikis analizuri gaangariSeba .......................................................................... 14
praqtikuli samuSao # 11
qseluri grafikis parametrebis angariSi cxriluri meTodiT ........................ 15
praqtikuli samuSao #N12
sawyobebisa da droebiTi sayofacxovrebo saTavsebis angariSi ..................... 16
praqtikuli samuSao #N13
satransporto ciklisa da sawevela-misabmelis raodenobis
angariSi ....................................................................................................................................................................... 17
praqtikuli samuSaoN# 14
maragnakeTis gaangariSeba sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSeneblobaSi ................ 18
praqtikuli # 15
qarxnis rekonstruqciis efeqturobis dadgena .................................................................. 20
154