ENGLISH FOR PSYCHOLOGY

GRADO EN PSICOLOGÍA
2021-22 MODELO A

Material permitido: Ninguno Aciertos: +0,5 puntos

Tiempo: 120 minutos (total) Errores: -0,16 puntos
6 minutos por pregunta Máxima nota: 10 puntos
(sin contar las de reserva)
5,21 minutos por pregunta
(contando las de reserva)

INSTRUCCIONES

Este examen se compone de un total de 20 preguntas más 3 de reserva, repartidas en cuatro (4)
secciones: (I) comprensión lectora, (II) fill in the gaps, (III) traducción directa y (IV) preguntas sobre
teoría y gramática. Solo se puntuarán las 20 primeras preguntas (las que NO son de reserva). Las
preguntas de reserva solo puntuarán si y solo si alguna pregunta que no sea de reserva se anulara. En
tal caso, el orden en el que las preguntas de reserva comienzan a ser válidas es el orden numérico que
tienen asignado en la prueba. Es decir, si se anulara una pregunta que no fuera de reserva, contaría la
pregunta 21 pero no la 22 ni la 23. Si se anularan dos preguntas que no fueran de reserva, contarían
las preguntas 21 y 22, pero no la 23. Finalmente, si se anularan tres preguntas que no fueran de
reserva, contarían las preguntas 21, 22 y 23.

I. COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA

Emotional Truths of Borderline Personality Disorder

[11] A new paper appearing in the journal Personality Disorders attempts to catalog the
nuanced emotional experiences associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and
offers insight on how to treat one of the most “treatment-resistant” personality disorders.

[12] “Some of borderline personality disorder’s reputation of being difficult to treat comes from
the antiquated idea that BPD is intractable and that people with BPD have a character problem
that makes them attention-seeking and help-rejecting,” says Nicole Cardona of Boston
Univerity's Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders and the lead author of the research. “That said,
advancements in BPD research over the last 30 years have begun changing this reputation. There are
currently several evidence-based treatments for BPD that have been shown to reduce symptoms and
greatly improve quality of life.”

To add to the current understanding of borderline personality disorder, Cardona and her research team
recruited eight people with BPD to participate in a diary study over a 12-week period. The goal of
the study was to track the types of intense emotions participants experienced on a daily basis (for
example, anger, sadness, anxiety, or guilt/shame), what triggered those emotions, and how
participants responded to those emotions, which fell into one or more of the categories listed below:

• Purposefully tried to push the feeling away (e.g., distracted myself, used substances/alcohol,
engaged in self-injury)
• “Dug in” to the feeling (e.g., listened to angry music, vented, paced);

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• Engaged in impulsive behavior (e.g., shopped, ate, used substances/alcohol, lashed out,
engaged in self-injury)
• Engaged in problem-solving (e.g., assertive behavior, set a limit, asked for something you
needed)
• Allowed the feeling to be there and waited to react (e.g., focused on present tasks that need to
get done, collected all the facts about the situation before responding)

They found that anxiety was the most frequent emotion felt by borderline participants in the study,
followed by sadness, anger, and guilt/shame.

They also found that interpersonal events were most likely to trigger emotional experiences, often in
the form of conflict, rejection sensitivity, and/or disconnection. Self-evaluation, such as getting a bad
grade or performance review, was also responsible for triggering some of the emotional states, as was
short-term routine disruptions (“I left my keys at home”), physical/material vulnerabilities (“I was
hungover”), and acute physiological triggers (e.g., “I had a panic attack”).

The most common responses reported by participants were problem-solving and intentional
avoidance, followed by mindful acceptance and amplification. Impulsivity was reported least
frequently.

[13] “There were some interesting findings regarding factors that predicted participants' use
of specific emotion regulation strategies”, says Cardona. [14] “For example, when participants
reported the specific emotion of anxiety, they were more likely to try to problem-solve, but
when they reported sadness, they were less likely to problem-solve and more likely to push it
away.”

The researchers also reported that participants with more severe BPD symptoms showed a tendency
to amplify their emotions. They also found that impulsive regulation strategies were most commonly
observed when the emotion was brought on by a physical vulnerability, like feeling sick or tired.

The researchers are careful to point out that no two individuals share the same emotional experience
— and that learning one’s own signals is a critical part of effective emotion regulation.

“Emotions are signals, and specific signals can lead to specific courses of action,” says Cardona. [15]
“Especially if you struggle with BPD, understanding your own patterns of emotions and
responses is the first step toward learning how to use strategies that are more adaptive in the
long term.”

References

Cardona, N. A new way to understand borderline personality disorder. Therapytips.org, October 18,
2021.
Cardona, N. D., Southward, M. W., Furbish, K., Comeau, A., & Sauer-Zavala, S. (2021). Nomothetic
and idiographic patterns of responses to emotions in borderline personality disorder. Personality
Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 12(4), 354.

(Source: Psychology Today https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/social-

instincts/202111/emotional-truths-borderline-personality-disorder;
last accessed: 10 November 2021)

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1. According to the text, is BPD the most “treatment-resistant” personality disorders?

a. Not necessarily.
b. Yes, it is the most “treatment-resistant” personality disorder.
c. No, in fact, it is the least “treatment-resistant” personality disorder.

2. According to the text, is BPD really “treatment-resistant”?

a. No, it isn't. In fact, nowadays there are some treatments based on evidence that reduce
symptoms and improve quality of live.
b. Yes, it is. People with BPD have a character problem.
c. Yes, it is. People with BPD always seek attention and reject help.

3. According to the text, which of the following is the emotion that BPD participants in the
study felt?
a. Guilt.
b. Quietness.
c. Anxiety.

4. According to the text, which of the following emotional experiences were most likely to be
triggered by interpersonal events in the BDP participants in the study?
a. Sadness.
b. Relax.
c. Conflict.

5. According to the text, what did participants with severe BPD symptoms tend to do with
their emotions:
a. To reduce them.
b. To amply them.
c. To ignore them.

II. FILL IN THE GAPS

Marriage, Divorce, and Social Media: A Recipe for Disaster

A study published [6] ______ Computers in Human Behavior, found a link [7] ______ social media
use and decreased marriage quality in every model analyzed. The study results predict that people
[8]_______ do not use social media are 11 percent happier in their marriages than people that
regularly use social media. (A preoccupation with social media can lead to neglect of the marital
relationship.)

[9]________ of my clients have discovered their spouses cheating on social media. According to a
study by the Loyola University Health System, Facebook, with more than 2 billion users, is cited in
one out of every five divorces in the United States.

And according to the AAML (American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers), 81 percent of divorce
attorneys report [10]_____ numbers of spouses searching for online evidence when there are
suspicions of bad behavior, infidelity, or online affairs. […]

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(Source: Psychology Today https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/better-

divorce/202111/marriage-divorce-and-social-media-recipe-disaster;
last accessed: 10 November 2021)

6.
a. in
b. at
c. of
7.
a. on
b. among
c. between
8.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
9.
a. More
b. Many
c. Little
10.
a. less
b. more
c. increasing

III. TRADUCCIÓN DIRECTA – ESCOJA LA MEJOR TRADUCCIÓN DEL TEXTO

“EMOTIONAL TRUTHS OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER”

11. “A new paper appearing in the journal Personality Disorders attempts to catalog the
nuanced emotional experiences associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD)”:
a. Un nuevo artículo en la revista Personality Disorders intenta catalogar las sutiles
experiencias emocionales asociadas con el trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP).
b. Apareció ayer un nuevo artículo en la revista Personality Disorders intentando catalogar
las sutilezas de las experiencias emocionales asociadas con el trastorno límite de
personalidad (TLP).
c. Un nuevo artículo publicado en la revista Personality Disorders intentó matizar las
experiencias emocionales asociadas con el trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP).

12. “Some of borderline personality disorder’s reputation of being difficult to treat comes from
the antiquated idea that BPD is intractable and that people with BPD have a character
problem that makes them attention-seeking and help-rejecting,”:
a. Algo de la anticuada reputación del trastorno límite de personalidad como difícil de tratar
viene de la actual idea de que el TLP es intratable y que las personas con TLP tienen un
problema de carácter que las hace buscadoras de atención y resistentes a la ayuda.
b. Algo de la actual reputación del trastorno límite de personalidad como difícil de tratar
viene de la idea de que el TLP es tratable y que las personas con TLP tienen un problema
de carácter que las hace buscadoras de atención y resistentes a la ayuda.
c. Algo de la reputación del trastorno límite de personalidad como difícil de tratar viene de
la anticuada idea de que el TLP es intratable y que las personas con TLP tienen un
problema de carácter que las hace buscadoras de atención y resistentes a la ayuda.

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13. “There were some interesting findings regarding factors that predicted participants' use of
specific emotion regulation strategies”:
a. Hubo algunos hallazgos interesantes sobre factores que predijeron el uso de estrategias
específicas para la regulación de las emociones por parte de los participantes.
b. Hay algunos hallazgos interesantes sobre factores que describieron el uso de estrategias
específicas para la regulación de las emocionas por parte de los participantes.
c. Se hallaron factores interesantes que predijeron el uso de estrategias específicas para la
regulación de las emocionas por parte de los participantes.

14. “For example, when participants reported the specific emotion of anxiety, they were more
likely to try to problem-solve, but when they reported sadness, they were less likely to
problem-solve and more likely to push it away”:
a. Por ejemplo, cuando los participantes informaban de la emoción específica de ansiedad,
ellos tendían a apartarla, pero cuando informaban de tristeza, tendían más a la resolución
de problemas y menos a apartarla.
b. Por ejemplo, cuando los participantes informaban de la emoción específica de ansiedad,
ellos tendían a intentar la resolución de problemas, pero cuando informaban de tristeza,
tendían menos a la resolución de problemas y más a apartarla.
c. Por ejemplo, cuando los participantes informaban de la emoción específica de ansiedad,
ellos tendían a intentar la resolución de problemas, pero cuando informaban de tristeza,
tendían más a la resolución de problemas y menos a apartarla.

15. “Especially if you struggle with BPD, understanding your own patterns of emotions and
responses is the first step toward learning how to use strategies that are more adaptive in
the long term”.
a. Especialmente si luchas con TLP, entender tus propios patrones de emociones y respuestas
es un primer paso hacia el aprendizaje de cómo usar estrategias que son más adaptativas
en el término largo.
b. Especialmente si luchas con TLP, entender tus propios patrones de emociones y respuestas
es el primer paso hacia el aprendizaje de cómo usar estrategias que son más adaptativas a
largo plazo.
c. Especialmente si luchas con TLP, entender los patrones de emociones y respuestas ajenos
es el primer paso hacia el aprendizaje de cómo usar estrategias que son más adaptativas a
largo plazo.

IV. PREGUNTAS SOBRE TEORÍA Y GRAMÁTICA

16. El lenguaje de especialidad es un subconjunto del lenguaje general, caracterizado por tres
tipos de condiciones:
a. Léxicas, morfológicas y sintácticas.
b. Pragmáticas, cognitivas y lingüísticas.
c. Léxicas, morfológicas y semánticas.

17. Escoja la opción que muestra una pregunta correctamente formada en inglés a partir de las
siguientes palabras: angry, you, were, yesterday, why:
a. Why were you angry yesterday?
b. You why were angry yesterday?

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c. Why you angry were yesterday?

18. John cannot speak Russian:

a. Neither can't I.
b. Neither can I.
c. So can't I.

19. If I ________ the answer, I _______ it to you:

a. Would have / would tell.
b. Had / would tell.
c. Have / would tell.

20. There _____ many people trying to buy tickets for the cinema last night, so we had to queue
for a long time.
a. was
b. were
c. weren’t

PREGUNTAS DE RESERVA

21. According to the text “Emotional Truths of Borderline Personality Disorder”, which of the
following was one of the most common responses reported by participants?
a. Irritability.
b. Anger.
c. Mindful acceptance.

22. Mediante técnicas como la entonación, la inversión sintáctica, o el uso de pasivas, podemos
pasar a posición inicial del enunciado elementos lingüísticos que no suelen encontrarse allí
y que, por tanto, se convierten en elementos marcados. Esta estrategia se denomina:
a. derivación.
b. sinonimia.
c. tematización.

23. I ______ a lot of books, but I don't read much these days.
a. read usually
b. used to read
c. had read

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