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También llamada
Pieza rudimentaria Distal de la válvula
apéndice Mide 6 a 8 cm.
del ciego. ileocecal.
vermiforme.
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
Se origina por la unión de las 3
tenias.
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
PÉLVICA RETROCECAL PREILEAL POSTILEAL
Anterior: Posterior:
• Paracecal • Subcecal
• Preilieal • Retrocecal
• Pélvica • Postileal
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
• Definición:
– inflamación del apéndice vermiforme.
Obstrucción luminal.
• Hiperplasia linfoide submucosa (55%).
• Fecalito.
• Cuerpo extraño.
• Parásitos.
• Tumores.
▪ Afecta por igual a ambos sexos, excepto entre pubertad y 25 años → ♂3:2♀.
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
Obstrucción de luz apendicular
Absorción de toxinas
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
APENDICITIS CONGESTIVA o
CATARRAL
APENDICITIS AGUDA
NO COMPLICADA
APENDICITIS SUPURADA o
FLEMONOSA
APENDICITIS GANGRENOSA o
NECROTICA
APENDICITIS AGUDA
COMPLICADA
APENDICITIS PERFORADA
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
APENDICITIS CONGESTIVA
o CATARRAL CARACTERISTICA:
• EDEMA Y CONGESTION DE LA SEROSA
• AUMENTO DE BACTERIAS
• REACCION DEL TEJIDO LINFOIDE
APENDICITIS SUPURADA
o FLEMONOSA
CARACTERISTICA:
• COMPROMISO VASCULAR
• ULCERACIONES PEQUEÑAS, BACTERIAS INVADEN
PARED
• EXUDADO FIBRINO PURULENTO
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
APENDICITIS GANGRENOSA
o NECROTICA
CARACTERISTICA:
• AREAS DE COLOR ROJO OSCURO
• MICROPERFORACIONES
• LIQUIDO PURULENTO
• OLOR FECALOIDEO
APENDICITIS PERFORADA
CARACTERISTICA:
• PERFORACION , LA CUAL ES FRECUENTE EN
BORDE ANTIMESENTERICO
• LIQUIDO PERITONEAL PURULENTO
• PLASTRON APENDICULAR
• ABSCESO APENDICULAR
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
Se perforan donde la pared esta más débil y se escapa contenido purulento a la cav.
peritoneal
Peritonitis Generalizada
Absceso Apendicular
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
Common Organisms Seen in Patients with Acute Appendicitis
• 80% E. coli
• 70% B. fragiles
• 40% Pseudomona spp
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
▪ Dolor Abdominal:
▪ Tipo visceral
▪ Intensidad leve al inicio
▪ En región periumbilical o
epigástrica
▪ Persiste 4-6h.
▪ Se acompaña de urgencia de
defecar y gases
▪ Se intensifica y localiza en FID
▪ Hipersensibilidad Abdominal
▪ Fiebre
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
4-6 hrs
Linf y venoso Visceral
4-6 hrs
Prolif bact Parietal
6-8 hrs
Isquemia Fiebre
6-8 hrs
SIRS
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
De Murphy:
• Dolor abdominal
• Náuseas y vómitos
• Fiebre
De Dieulafoy:
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
-Apéndice localizado en FID:
DOLOR EN FID
-Apéndice PELVICO:
DOLOR SUPRA PUBICO
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
SIGNO DE MCBURNEY:
- Punto de maxima sensibilidad dolorosa.
-Localizado en el tercio externo de una linea recta imaginaria entre la espina iliaca antero superior y la cicatriz umbilical
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
SIGNO DEL PSOAS:
El paciente debe estar acostado sobre su lado izquierdo: posición de decúbito lateral izquierdo. En esta
postura, se le pide al paciente que extienda su pierna derecha en dirección hacia su espalda.
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
SIGNO DE AARON:
Dolor en epigastrio o precordial cuando palpamos la fosa iliaca derecha
SIGNO DE ROVSING:
La presion en la fosa iliaca izquierda y descompresion de la misma causa dolor en fosa iliaca contralateral.
Indica irritacion peritoneal
SIGNO DE DUNPHY:
Incremento del dolor en fid con la tos.
SIGNO DE DONNELLY:
Dolor por la compresión sobre y por debajo del punto de mcburney, estando la pierna derecha en extensión y aducción
(en las apendicitis retrocecales)
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
No Es Apendicitis QX
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
OTRAS CAUSAS DE DOLOR AGUDO INTRA -
ABDOMINAL
• ADENITIS MESENTERICA
• DIVERTICULO MECKEL
• INTUSCEPCION INTESTINAL
• VOLVULO
• PANCREATITIS AGUDA
• COLECISTITIS AGUDA
• ULCERA PEPTICA PERFORADA
• HERNIA CRURAL INCARCELADA
PATOLOGIA URINARIA
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
SIGNOS DE SEPSIS
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
HEMOGRAMA:
PRUEBA DE EMBARAZO
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
• Radiografía de abdomen
✓ Asas de intestino
distendido CID.
✓ Fecalito radioopaco.
✓ Fecalito
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
Ecografía
✓ PRESENCIA de COPROLITO
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
• Tomografía de abdomen
HALLAZGOS PRIMARIOS HALLAZGOS SECUNDARIOS
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.
PERFORACIÓN PERITONITIS FOCAL PLASTRON
RM
Obs int
Lapa 1-2
Lapas 3
No fiebre
Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci 1886; 92:321.no leucos
• INCISION TRANSVERSA ó de ROCKY DAVIS
• INCISION OBLICUA o de Mc BURNEY
• INCISION PARAMEDIANA DERECHA
• INCISION INFRAMEDIAUMBILICAL
▪ Alto índice de
eventraciones y
dehiscencias.
▪ Dolor postquirúrgico.
▪ Se inciden de forma
oblicua el plano
musculoaponeurotico de
los oblicuos y transverso.
▪ Técnica utilizada en
Suiza.
▪ Actualmente en desuso.
• -Hemorragia
-Evisceración por mala técnica.
-Íleo adinámico.
4o ó 5o día postoperatorio
• Infección de herida
7o día postoperatorio
• Absceso intrabdominal
Persiste en
Primeras 24
apendicitis Hidratación.
horas.
complicadas.
Vigilancia del
SNG. estado
electrolitico.
FACTORES QUE
INFLUYEN EN
LA
MORTALIDAD
1.Jaffe BM, Berger DH. The appendix. In: Schwartz's Principles of Surgery,
8th ed, Schwartz SI, Brunicardi CF (Eds), McGraw-Hill Companies, New Yor
k 2005.