Actividad de aprendizaje: “Workshop “Understanding

how to become a Smart Explorer”.

Presentado por
Karoll Riascos

Componente – ingles

Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA)

Tecnología en distribución física internacional
2022
Understanding how to become a Smart Explorer

Uno de los pasos a seguir tras el crecimiento estable de una empresa, es la

expansión internacional. El mundo merece conocer ese producto que ha
alcanzado cierta reputación en un mercado local. Por lo tanto, uno de los
primeros aspectos a considerar es la evaluación de los Términos de Comercio
Internacional, también llamados Incoterms (por su abreviación en inglés
International Commercial Terms). En tanto, dichos términos darán luz para la
formulación y ejecución de contratos de procesos de transporte en la cadena de
distribución, los cuales son fundamentales tanto en la importación como en la
exportación.
Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, esta actividad le permite reforzar las
habilidades en la comprensión oral y escrita en el idioma universal de los
negocios “el inglés”, con el fin de afianzar el vocabulario técnico y ponerlo en
práctica en el momento de negociar de manera viable y segura a nivel
internacional. Para lograr dicho fin, primero observe el video “International
Trade Webinar - Incoterms”, el cual se encuentra en los documentos
complementarios pertenecientes a esta actividad de proyecto y seguidamente
desarrolle el taller dando respuesta a cada uno de los siguientes planteamientos,
utilizando argumentos claros, estructuras gramaticales adecuadas y un
vocabulario técnico:

Why did some of the lecturers say that understanding the way Incoterms
work could be a quite confusing area?
- Incoterms determine the responsibilities and costs that each party must
assume during the international transport chain. In the video they express
that choosing the incoterm that best solves your needs can be a
challenge, especially if you have little experience as a shipper. From the
costs of international transport to the responsibilities, through customs
clearance and the payment of tariffs, there are many factors to consider
so some find it quite complex and confusing to take into account each of
these factors when analyzing each of the incoterms.
How are Incoterms useful to avoid misunderstanding when talking bot
international trade?

- The incoterm that is chosen for an international shipment determines the

parts of the shipment for which you are responsible. As a general rule,
the more responsibility you take on, the higher the cost. But this also
translates into greater control over shipping and, consequently, greater
competitiveness. These tools facilitate the conduct of global trade,
avoiding the uncertainties derived from different interpretations in
different countries by making clear the obligations of each party when
buying and selling goods.

Why do many people see the incoterm ex-works (EXW) as the simplest
way to understand how the incoterms work?

- This is because under the incoterm EXW, the importer has almost total
control of the process, so it can be extremely competitive. In terms of
costs and risks, the EXW incoterm requires minimal involvement of the
seller and greater responsibilities of the buyer. That said, working under
EXW conditions is more recommended for those experienced buyers
who are familiar with the procedures in the country of origin and can
manage the entire import process.

Why could you use a wrong incoterm for your business if there is not right
or wrong when using an Incoterm?

- Due to the complexity of choosing an incoterm for your negotiation

process. When choosing the most suitable for your business you must
have certain factors taking into account whether you are a buyer or seller
since each one has its own obligations. The correct selection of an
incoterm will depend on how clearly you can identify these factors and
the characteristics of each of the incoterms and thus choose the most
appropriate depending on the situation in question.
How many Incoterms should you use to stablish a good contract for your
international trade?

- In any international buying and selling process there are always two
parties, buyer and seller, each with its own interests. If you are the seller,
you are generally responsible for getting the goods to the point of
destination, so the use of CRF and CIF is recommended since these
allow you to control the costs of international transport to the port of
destination. On the other hand, if you are the buyer, you must choose the
incoterm that offers you greater control over the costs of transport, but
as a buyer so it is recommended to use incoterms such as the FOB which
means that your seller leaves the merchandise at the port of origin, takes
care of the procedures in the country of origin and leaves everything
ready for international transport.

What are some of the operations that generate costs and must be paid
either by the buyer or the seller?

The operations that generate costs are those that are generated as

- Factory activities, exporter's warehouse.

- Transportation from the factory, warehouse from the exporter to the

customs office of exit.

- Exit customs expenses until the merchandise is loaded in the chosen

means of transport.

- Main transportation from the point of departure to the point of arrival

agreed between the parties.

- Expenses from when the merchandise arrives at the port of arrival until
the merchandise is loaded into the Transport that will take it to the final
destination.  Import customs expenses
 - A national transport from the port of arrival to the destination,
manufactured by the importer.

What are the three basic elements that Incoterms cover? Briefly explain
how they work all together in a contract of sale.

Carriage: Deciding how a shipment will get from point A to point B can
seem like a fairly basic task. However, an international shipment can
have several legs to its journey, and the Incoterm will determine exactly
how far the seller will get the shipment before the buyer assumes
responsibility. Any transport after that will be the responsibility of the
buyer.

Cost: International transportation costs can vary significantly depending

on lane and mode. The Incoterm on a shipment will not only determine
who arranges the transportation but also who is responsible for payment
and how it is reflected in the overall transaction. Transportation fees are
included in the invoice value of the goods, and can often be deducted for
duty and tax benefits.

Risk: With many legs to a journey come many points of risk. If a

shipment is lost or damaged along the route, it is critical to understand
which party bears the risk. The agreed-upon Incoterm will do just that,
making the process to a resolution much more streamlined.

In a sales contract the responsibilities of both the buyer and the seller are
established and depending on it the different aspects to be taken into
account can be controlled before and after an international negotiation
process of exchange of godos.

Why is it important to do a market research before establishing what the

best incoterm(s) should be taken into account for your sales contract or
agreement?

- Why the conditions under which the different incoterms are applied vary
depending on the characteristics of the particular markets and the
 international policies that are taken with respect to them, should always
be taken into account when concluding an employment contract since it
helps to clarify doubts such as taxes per product, by import among
others.

What aspects should be taken into account to establish the best incoterm(s)
to define the shipment of services?

Choosing the incoterm can be challenging, especially if you have little

experience. From the costs of international transport to responsibilities,
through customs clearance and the payment of tariffs, there are many
factors to consider such as:

Mode of transport
Not all incoterms are suitable for all international shipments, and
depending on the mode of transport, you will have to opt for one or the
other.

Containerized load the no

Another factor you should consider when choosing an incoterm is
whether the cargo you are going to ship will travel in containers or not.
FOB and CIF are two of the most often used incoterms in international
trade. But the ICC considers them unsuitable for containerized cargo and
does not advise using them in a container shipment.

Level of control
The incoterm you choose for an international shipment determines the
parts of the shipment for which you are responsible. As a general rule,
the more responsibility you take on, the higher the cost. But this also
translates into greater control over shipping and, consequently, greater
competitiveness.
Why would it be necessary to add extra words or explanation in your sales
contract when using incoterms?

Not all the people with whom negotiations are entered into have the expertise
to recognize these terms at first sight so it is worth adding a brief explanation
of these concepts in the sales contract, in the same way normally the other
countries due to the diversity of speech and language is interpreted differently
the definition of each of these concepts so it is essential to leave them shaped
in such a way that they act as a general rule between both parties during the
negotiation process.