AIHVIE MF AF]JMJEJ@ÁI
DJA^EFAFH]I\GJ
@VÁI ^I\I @\V^JT ISIH[IMJT,
FR]FHTGJHFT W ]IEEF\FT
^rjyfdtj Djhkuhtj

Sjeuafh GG
^fmrj Eillç ]jrj
I rihmi
Dirafh Eeiais Irihm i
 Eghmi ]jrrfs Tie`imj 9i Fmgdgôh, kuhgj <>97
 Iefxihmri Mf Hgdjei
Hgdjei <i Fmgdgôh, sfptgfalrf <>97
4i Fmgdgôh, i`jstj <><>
 Airtgh Ofeefr ]gppaihh 

 
 

Fe Sjeuafh GG mfe Aihuie mf Aftjmjej`ái Djapefafhtirgj mf Lgjmihzi, sjlrf jlsfrvidgjhfs bfdbis pjr
^fmrj Eillç ]jrj, Dirafh Eeiais Irihmi,  Eghmi ]jrrfs Tie`imj y  Airtgh Ofeefr ]gppaihh, bi sgmj
mfsirrjeeimj pjr ei Fsdufei mf Lgjmihzi Ejs Ih`fefs y ei Fsdufei mf Lgjmihzi Lgjdçhtrgdi mf Tihtgi`j.
Fstf aihuie sur`f djaj uhi ghqugftum mf ialis ghstgtudgjhfs, rfspfdtj mf rfspftir ei aftjmjej`ái piri
fcfdtuir deisfs, tieefrfs y fxtfhsgjhfs mf lgjmihzi, pufstj quf sf djhsgmfri quf fs ei afkjr aihfri mf

dugmir fstf sgstfai? rizôh pjr ei duie sf prjpjhf,

prjpjh f, piri usj ghtfrhj, uh dômg`j fh djaûh quf pfr
pfragti
agti sjlrf
tjmj ihiegzir fe prjdfsj quf sf fsté eefvihmj i dilj.

Fstf aihuie fs ei djhtghuidgôh mfe Aihuie Aftjmjej`ái Djapefafhtirgj Sjeuafh G -@uái piri
Tupfrvgsjrfs mf @rupj mf Ghgdgj-, y sf fhcjdi prghdgpieafhtf i @rupjs Ivihzimjs, Fxtfhsgjhfs y
]ieefrfs.

Djh fstf prjyfdtj y aihuie, imfaés sf rghmf uh bjafhikf i \jeihmj ]jrj Irihfmi, djaj drfimjr mf
fstf sgstfai, djh ghsjhmilef iprfdgj y i`rimfdgagfhtj pjr su ef`imj. ]ialgçh, sf qugfrf i`rf`ir uhi
dujti mf rfspftj aés, ie prjpjhfr fe dugmimj sgstfaitjeô`gdj mf su aftjmjej`ái, jcrfdgfhmj uh
 peihtfiagfhtj quf rfs`uirmf fe sgstfai, djaj sf afhdgjhô ihtfrgjrafhtf.
ih tfrgjrafhtf.

Cuf jrg`ghimj djh ei pirtgdgpidgôh mf Dirafh Eeiais Irihmi, cidgegtimjri mgmidti y pgjhfri
y pgjhfri mf Lgjmihzi
fh Ejs Ih`fefs Diegcjrhgi, djh aés mf mgfz iùjs cidgegtihmj `rupjs sfaihiefs y tieefrfs,  Mgrfdtjri mf ei
Fsdufei mf Lgjmihzi Ejs Ih`fefs (FLEI) 9?  Eghmi ]jrrfs,  cidgegtimjri, mgmidti y djjrmghimjri mf ei
Fsdufei mf Lgjmihzi Ejs Ih`fefs?
Ih`fefs?   Airtgh Ofeefr ]gppaihh, cidgegtimjr mf Lgjmihzi? Duiubtçajd
 Eeiais, cidgegtimjr mf Lgjmihzi y lgôej`j, fhtusgisti mf eis dgfhdgis qugfh pjsff uh prjcuhmj iajr,

rfspftj y djaprjagsj pjr ei Lgjmihzi, évgmj Lgjmihdfrj pjr mgfz iùjs y ^fmrj Eillç ]jrj, cidgegtimjr
mf Lgjmihzi bidf aés mf vfghtf iùjs, mgrg`gfhmj `rupjs rf`ueirfs? bi pirtgdgpimj fh mgstghtis fsdufeis
mf Lgjmihzi djaj cidgegtimjr mgmidti mf Lgjmihzi, Mgrfdtjr mf ei Fsdufei mf Lgjmihzi Lgjdçhtrgdi
Tihtgi`j, djh fxpfrgfhdgi fh uhgvfrsgmimfs, dfhtrjs mf fstumgjs, djef`gjs, jr`ihgzidgjhfs, trilikj sjdgie,
faprfsis y fxtfhsgjhfs mf Lgjmihzi, bi mgdtimj dgfhtjs mf tieefrfs mf Lgjmihzi.

]jmjs feejs, bih djhstrugmj fstf rfcfrfhtf quf djhtrgluyf i ei sgstfaitgzidgôh mf eis deisfs mf Lgjmihzi.  

9
 FLEI fs ei prgafri fsdufei mf Lgjmihzi fh fe érfi mf Ejs Ih`fefs y tgfhf fe djaprjagsj ghietfrilef mf prjajvfr
uh fspidgj mf ghtf`ridgôh, djhfxgôh y iutjdjhjdgagfhtj i trivçs mfe Tgstfai \jeihmj ]jrj. 

  <
 

FE ^F\AGTJ F GH]FHTGMIM MF SGSFHDGI

Vhi vfz quf fe `rupj tgfhf dipidgmim mf vgvfhdgir (vfr Aihuie Aftjmjej`ái Djapefafhtirgj Sjeuafh
G) ej aés gapjrtihtf fs quf ei `fhtf sf mç ―fe pfragsj‑ mf vgvfhdgir. Fh uhi sjdgfmim quf fxpejti hufstrjs
hu fstrjs
agfmjs ―fe pfragsj‑ fs uh idtj mf eglfridgôh pfrsjhie. Vh lufh fkfapej mf fstj fs ei rfprfsgôh mf ei

dirgdgi, i ei quf crfdufhtfafhtf sf ef jtjr`i uh dirédtfr fxdeusgviafhtf frôtgdj, rfprgagfhmj eis jtris
duiegmimfs sihimjris mf ei dirgdgi. Méhmjsf ―fe pfragsj‑  mf vgvfhdgir, ei `fhtf vi fhdjhtrihmj eis
mgstghtis duiegmimfs mf ei dirgdgi (icfdtgvi, mf djhtfhdgôh, muedf, sihidgôh, sfhsglgegzimjri, ftd.). Fs
gapjrtihtf jtjr`ir pfragsjs fh eis mgstghtis eáhfis mf vgvfhdgi. Isá ei `fhtf rfdupfri sus dipidgmim
fxprfsgvj-drfitgvi, frôtgdi, trisdfhmfhtf, icfdtgvi y vgtie. 

Ie`uhjs mf ejs prghdgpiefs fkfrdgdgjs quf ghvgtih j ilrfh fspidgjs mf ―pfragsjs‑ sjh;

•  Fe rgtaj y afejmái mf ei aûsgdi.

•  Fe ilrizj.
•  Eis agrimis.
•  Ei dirgdgi.
•  Mihzis fxprfsgvis.
•  Fkfrdgdgjs dfhfstçsgdjs fh `fhfrie.
•  Fkfrdgdgjs quf pfragtfh aihgcfstir ejs ghstghtjs.
•  Fkfrdgdgjs mf djhfxgôh djh fe peidfr.
•  Ftd.

Audbjs djef`is cidgegtimjrfs djhsuetih, pjr fkfapej, i pirtgr mf quf sfsgôh mfe `rupj mf ghgdgj sf pufmf
bidfr uh Iduhiagfhtj (fh ei qughti sfsgôh, fh ei jdtivi sfsgôh, ftd.). Ei prf`uhti djrrfdti vfhmrái i sfr;
ºFe `rupj yi tgfhf j sf mi fe pfragsj piri uh Iduhiagfhtj: Dimi crutj aimuri i su tgfapj…  

―Fe pfragsj‑ hjs ghvgti i jlsfrvir ei aimurfz vgvfhdgie mfe `rupj, fs mfdgr, sg ejs pirtgdgpihtfs yi tgfhfh
dipidgmim mf fhtrir fh ei vgvfhdgi prjpufsti. J mf ej djhtrirgj, sf mflfh lusdir eis fstritf`gis y
bfrriagfhtis quf pfragtih ie `rupj iddfmfr i ei vgvfhdgi.

  4
 

Ei Djhsg`hi y ―Fe ^fragsj‑ 

Aihtfhgfhmj ejs dugmimjs mf ei djhsg`hi afhdgjhimjs fh fe Aihuie Aftjmjej`ái Djapefafhtirgj

Sjeuafh G, ei djhsg`hi sf trihscjrai fh uhi bfrriagfhti trihscjraidgjhie cuhmiafhtie. Ei djhsg`hi
tgfhf ei dipidgmim mf ajmgcgdir ei ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi mfe fkfrdgdgj, ilrgfhmj j dfrrihmj pjsglgegmimfs

mf iddgôh. Ei djhsg`hi, pufmf ajstrir uhi pjsglgegmim mf iddgôh quf ei pfrsjhi tfhái rfprgagmi. Fh ejs
sg`ugfhtfs fkfapejs, piri uh agsaj fkfrdgdgj, pjr fkfapej, Fe Fhdufhtrj, ei djhsg`hi jtjr`i pjsglgegmimfs
p jsglgegmimfs
auy mgstghtis mf iddgôh y pfragsjs.

Fkfapej 9; Ei djhsg`hi prjpufsti fh fe Ditéej`j DGAFL <>9< piri fe Fhdufhtrj Cu`iz; ― Duihmj ei
aûsgdi djagfhzi, eis pfrsjhis sf fhdufhtrih djh ei agrimi y ei aihj fxtfhmgmi. Fe tidtj fs sfhsglef,
egvgihj. Fe fhdufhtrj fs cu`iz, y, sgh falir`j, sf ghvgti i eis pfrsjhis i fstir tjtieafhtf djhfdtimis djh
ej quf fstéh vgvgfhmj fh fsf ghstihtf. Ei djrrgfhtf mf fhdufhtrjs fs djhtghui, pfragtgfhmj vgvfhdgir ei
cufrzi y ei cu`idgmim mf dimi ghstihtf.‑.

Fkfapej <; ―Fe fhdufhtrj djh fe jtrj sgaljegzi ei cisdghidgôh y djhfxgôh djh fe agei`rj quf fs dimi sfr
buaihj, ûhgdj f grrfpftglef. 9= age ageejhfs mf iùjs mf fvjeudgôh piri eef`ir i dimi uhj mf hjsjtrjs.
Djaj mfdái \jeihmj ]jrj Irihfmi, fe fhdufhtrj fs uh si`rimj váhduej quf pfragtf fhdjhtrirsf i sá
agsaj‑. 

Fkfapej 4; ―Fe fhdufhtrj fs fe prghdgpgj dôsagdj mf ei itriddgôh. Mjs dufrpjs quf sf cuhmfh fh fe ilrizj
y fh ei dirgdgi, sjh djaj mjs eeiais mf cuf`j quf sf cuhmfh fh fe peidfr frôtgdj mfe ilrizj‑.

Fe \fcfrfhdgie y ―Fe ^fragsj‑ 

Fe cidgegtimjr mflf fstir itfhtj ie rfcfrfhdgie quf vi i ajstrir, piri quf jtjr`uf pfragsjs djbfrfhtfs ie
`rupj. Fe rfcfrfhdgie pufmf sfr ajstrimj
ajs trimj fh mgstghtis ghtfhsgmimfs. Tg fe rfcfrfhdgie fs auy ghtfhsj piri ei
dipidgmim mf fhtrf`i mfe `rupj, fh vfz mf jtjr`ir pfragsj, rfsti. ^jr fkfapej, uhi mihzi mf sfxuiegmim
fh pir ghtfhsi fh `rupj mf ghgdgj pufmf `fhfrir uhi rfsgstfhdgi tie quf idtgvf ejs afdihgsajs mf mfcfhsi,
cjrtiefdgfhmj ei rfprfsgôh, ei idtgvidgôh mf eis duepis fh fe pirtgdgpihtf uhi vfz tfraghimi ei sfsgôh y
 prjlilefafhtf ei sihi mfsfrdgôh mf ie`uhjs mf ejs ghtf`rihtfs mfe `rupj. Ej agsaj jdurrf djh uhi mihzi

  =
 

fxprfsgvi fxtrfaimiafhtf fstçtgdi j quf aufstrf ―fefvimjs mjtfs‑ mf mihzi trimgdgjhie. Ei `fhtf sgfhtf
uhi mgstihdgi auy `rihmf fhtrf ej quf pufmfh bidfr y ej quf fe cidgegtimjr prjpusj, ghbglgfhmj djh fsti
djhmudti f`jdçhtrgdi mfe cidgegtimjr, fe mfsirrjeej mfe pjtfhdgie mfe `rupj.

Fkfrdgdgj mf ^isikf

Fe fkfrdgdgj mf pisikf sgrvf piri ―pisir‑ mf uh duimrihtf i jtrj. Fstjs fkfrdgdgjs mflfh duapegr ei duiegmim
mf ghtf`rir ejs mjs duimrihtfs quf uhfh (pufmf sfr aés mf uh fkfrdgdgj mf pisikf kuhtjs).

Fkfapejs piri pisir mfe Duimrihtf GG ie GGG;

•  Vh Fhdufhtrj Tfhsglef.
•  Vh Fhdufhtrj ]risdfhmfhtf.
•  Futjhái.
•  Aihjs y Agrimis.
•  Diaghir y Ilrizirsf.
•  Aihjs y Agrimis piri pisir i uh Idirgdgiagfhtj mf Aihjs j \jstrj fhtrf fe Duimrihtf GG y GGG.

Fs gapjrtihtf rfdjrmir quf fe ilrizj tialgçh sgrvf djaj fkfrdgdgj mf rfdgdeikf, fs mfdgr, duhimj uh tieefr
tjai uhi ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi auy ieti, uh ilrizj icfdtgvj j trisdfhmfhtf (y fh sfxuiegmim uh ilrizj
frôtgdj), tgfhf ei duiegmim mf rfhjvir ei fhfr`ái.

GH]FHTGMIM MF SGSFHDGI

\fdjrmfajs quf ei ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi djrrfspjhmf ie j ejs ajafhtjs mf aiyjr gapidtj fajdgjhie

y/j sgalôegdj fh ei sfsgôh. Fh `rupj mf ghgdgj sufef sfr fe fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie, sgh falir`j, fh uh `rupj
ivihzimj, sf pufmf mgstrglugr ei ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi fh mgstghtjs ajafhtjs mf ei sfsgôh, pumgfhmj sfr
aés mf uhj. Fs gapjrtihtf tfhfr ei deirgmim quf fe fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie (deáaix mf ei rf`rfsgôh fh fe Duimrihtf
GGG) hj hfdfsirgiafhtf fs fe mf aiyjr ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi.

  6
 

Djh vgstis i cidgegtir fe fhtfhmgagfhtj mfe djhdfptj ― Ghtfhsgm

 Ghtfhsgmim Sgvfhdgi‑, prjpjhfajs uh `récgdj mf
im mf Sgvfhdgi‑,
ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi, mjhmf fe pirtgdgpihtf eef`i i ei sfsgôh djh viejr hfutrj. @récgdiafhtf ulgdirfajs
fe viejr hfutrie fh ei eáhfi mf Djhdgfhdgi mf Tg, quf djaj sf djafhtô fh fe Aihuie Aftjmjej`ái
Djapefafhtirgj Sjeuafh G, djrrfspjhmf sjej i uh viejr rfcfrfhdgie. Vhi vfz ghgdgimi ei aûsgdi, ei
ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi sjej pufmf tfhfr viejrfs pjsgtgvjs. ^iri uhi ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi liki tfhfajs

uh viejr (+9), piri uhi ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi afmgi uh viejr (+<) y piri uhi ieti ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi 
uh viejr (+4) (vfr fkfapej fh fe @récgdj 9).

Ghtfhsgmim mf Sgvfhdgi pjr Gapidtj Tgalôegdj

^iri fkfapegcgdir fstf djhdfptj pjmfajs ihiegzir ei sg`ugfhtf sfsgôh;

Siejr
H¾ Fkfrdgdgj Aûsgdi Aûsgdi
9 \jhmi mf Ghgdgj Iag`j, \jlfrtj Direjs  +<
< Diaghir fh ^ir Mjdtjr Kizz, ]rimgtgjhie Kizz Lihm   +<
4 Kuf`j 9-<-4-= ^i Aiytç, Direjs Sgvfs  +4
= Tf`afhtirgj mf Dufeej Lfdiusf, Lfitefs  -4
6 Tf`afhtirgj mf Bjalrjs Gc, ^gho Cejym   -9
3 Tf`afhtirgj mf ^fevgs ]iali ]iké, Cici mf Lfefa  -9
0 Ghtf`ridgôh mf Tf`afhtirgjs Himi pjr Agh, Fagegj Tihtgi`j
Tihtgi`j  -9
2 \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj ]umj quf sf qufr, Fagegj Tihtgi`j
Tihtgi`j  -<
7 Fhdufhtrj mf Aihjs y Agrimis Jvfr ]bf \ighljw, Fvi Dissgmy  -9
9> Ajafhtj mf Ghtgagmim Itgaf \fafalfrfm, Ofvgh Ofrh  -9
99 Mihzi mf ei Iagstim ]urhgh` \juhm, Dbrgs Mf Lur`  +9
9< Fhdufhtrjs Iagzimf Tghdfri, \fhitj ]fxfgri  +<
94 \jhmi Cghie Djh ei `fhtf quf af `usti, I mjs Sfeis  +<
Duimrj 9; Fkfapej mf sfsgôh djh mjs fkfrdgdgjs dfhtriefs

Fh fstf disj, biy mjs fkfrdgdgjs dfhtriefs (7. Fhdufhtrj mf Aihjs y Agrimis y 9>. Ajafhtj mf Ghtgagmim).
Dilf sfùieir quf ei Mihzi mf ei Iagstim fh fstf fkfapej fs uhi mihzi mf iprfhmgzikf (fh fe Duimrihtf
GS) quf djrrfspjhmf ie ghstihtf mf aiyjr ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi mf ei sfsgôh.

  3
 

@récgdj 9; ^iriefej fhtrf ei Durvi mf ei sfsgôh (viejr mf ei dihdgôh) y ei Durvi mf ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi 

Biy quf tfhfr fh dufhti quf tialgçh fxgstf uhi ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi quf pjmráiajs eeiair ghtfhsgmim
mf vgvfhdgi pfrsjhie. Fs mfdgr, sg pjr fkfapej fe pirtgdgpihtf tgfhf rfprgagmis sus bilgegmimfs eûmgdis,
 prjlilefafhtf ei pirtf aés ghtfhsi pufmf sfr fh fe Duimrihtf G. Tg uh pirtgdgpihtf fsté auy fh ei iddgôh,
id dgôh,
 pjdj fh fe bj`ir, djh audbjs lejqufjs fajdgjhiefs, prjlilefafhtf
pr jlilefafhtf ei pirtf aés ghtfhsi sfi fe fkfrdgdgj
mf Ghtgagmim. ^jr fsj fs gapjrtihtf quf fe cidgegtimjr fstç fh sghtjhái djhstihtf djh su `rupj.

Ghtfhsgmim mf Sgvfhdgi pjr Tfaéhtgdi Ausgdie

Vh fkfrdgdgj tjai mgstghtis ghtfhsgmimfs mf vgvfhdgi mfpfhmgfhmj mf ei aûsgdi quf sf sfefddgjhfs piri su

mfsirrjeej. ^jr fkfapej; Disj 9; Fh fe Duimrihtf GGG, uhi \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj djh fe tfai  Aioial
 Aioialj
j
mf @fjccrfy Jryfai y euf`j ei Tfageei djh Fe Ghvgfrhj mf Sgviemg tgfhf uhi ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi auy
mgstghti i ei sg`ugfhtf prjpufsti; Disj <; \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj djh fe tfai Tgiaiht'J mf Dirjeghf Eivfeef 
y euf`j ei Tfageei djh Deirj mf Euhi mf Hji, mjhmf fh fe Disj 9 sf mfstidi pjr trisdfhmfhdgi f gmfhtgmim
y fe Disj < pjr trisdfhmfhdgi y icfdtgvgmim.

  0
 

Dilf mfstidir quf mfspuçs mf mihzis auy rfajvfmjrfs, sf pufmf pjtfhdgir ei ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi 
iprjvfdbihmj ei sfaéhtgdi ausgdie y ei eftri mf eis dihdgjhfs, fs mfdgr, utgegzir fe afhsikf mf ei aûsgdi.
Disj 9; Fhdufhtrjs djh ei dihdgôh  [jhi mf ^rjafsis
^rjafsis mf  Afrdfmf Dfritg j Ei Dg`irri 
 Afrdfmfss Tjsi y @ustivj Dfritg
ghtfrprftimi pjr ^fmrj Izhir   yy Crihdfsdi Ihdirjei. Disj <; Fh uhi sfsgôh mf gmfhtgmim fh uh `rupj mf
bilei crihdfsi (utgegzihmj fe djhtfxtj) pjmráiajs utgegzir uh fkfrdgdgj mf Ilrizjs djh fe tfai  Kf Hf
 \f`rfttf \gfh mf Fmgtb ^gic .
Disj 4; Fh uhi sfsgôh mf sfxuiegmim fh Diegcjrhgi (VTI), utgegzir ei dihdgôh
 cjrhgi Mrfiagh‗  mf
Dieg cjrhgi  mf \jsi Airgi
Airgi (DM 33 mfe fefhdj mf Dfsir Pi`hfr) piri uh Iutj Idirgdgiagfhtj j
^eidf Dfhfstçsgdj fh ^ir, ftd. Fs gapjrtihtf tfhfr dugmimj djh ejs afhsikfs mf eis dihdgjhfs, isá djaj
uhi eftri pufmf pjtfhdgir ei ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi, tialgçh pufmf idtgvir mfaisgimj ei djhdgfhdgi,
mgsaghuyfhmj djh fstj ei ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi.

\jeihmj ]jrj Irihfmi mfdái; ― Hj sjej biy quf ligeir fe rgtaj y ei afejmái, sghj tialgçh fe sfhtgmj y
ausgdie‑. 
sfhtgagfhtj ausgdie‑.

Ghtfhsgmim mf Sgvfhdgi pjr Vlgdidgôh mfe Fkfrdgdgj fh ei Durvi

Biy ie`uhjs fkfrdgdgjs quf pufmfh utgegzirsf fh mgstghtjs eu`irfs mf ei durvi. Fsti vgsgôh hjs mi uhi `rih
ajvgegmim drfitgvi. Fh fe Aihuie Aftjmjej`ái Djapefafhtirgj Sjeuafh G vgajs djaj pjmáiajs utgegzir
fe fkfrdgdgj mf Tghdrjhgzidgôh tihtj djaj piri sulgr djaj piri likir fh ei durvi, ej quf hjs aufstri quf
ejs duimrihtfs qufmih aés iapegjs j aés rfmudgmjs sf`ûh ei sfsgôh quf sf fstç prfpirihmj. ]ialgçh hjs
aufstri quf ie`uhjs fkfrdgdgjs sf pufmfh ulgdir fh mgstghtjs eu`irfs mf ei durvi y duimrihtfs, sgfaprf y
duihmj sg`i duapegfhmj djh ei cghiegmim mfe duimrihtf (fh djbfrfhdgi djh fe hjalrf mfe duimrihtf). ^jr
fkfapej; Vtgegzir fh fe Duimrihtf GG uhi Ceugmfz Tfhsuie fh ^ir djh ei aûsgdi Kfzflfe mf Timf, mjhmf fsti
sfsgôh pjmrái mgrg`grsf bidgi ―Tiali 6‑ djaj Fkfrdgdgj Dfhtrie fh fe Duimrihtf GGG, j utgegzir fh fe
Duimrihtf GG uhi Ceugmfz Tfhsuie Ghmgvgmuie djh ei aûsgdi Tfdrft Ejvf mf Hgdjs, piri euf`j utgegzir fh fe
Duimrihtf GGG uhi Ceugmfz fh ^ir djh ei aûsgdi  Kfzflfe mf Timf djaj Fkfrdgdgj Dfhtrie. Fh fe prgafr
fkfapej, ei Ceugmfz fh ^ir cuf utgegzimi fh fe Duimrihtf GG djaj ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf y
ei rf`rfsgôh y fh fe sf`uhmj fkfapej cuf utgegzimi djaj Fkfrdgdgj Dfhtrie fh fe Duimrihtf GGG. Fh ialjs
fkfapejs sf duapef ei aéxgai mf trilikir fh djbfrfhdgi djh fe hjalrf y jlkftgvj mfe duimrihtf.

  2
 

Ghtfhsgmim mf Sgvfhdgi pjr Djhtfxtj 

Fe djhtfxtj mf uhi sfsgôh fs uhi prjpufsti mf ghmuddgôh mfe uhgvfrsj fh fe duie hjs viajs i ajvgegzir.
^jr uh eimj, fs fe bgej djhmudtjr mf uhi sfsgôh (ei gmfi cufrzi) y pjr jtrj, fs fe ialgfhtf quf sf `fhfri fh
tjrhj i ei sfsgôh (fe éhgaj). ^jr ej tihtj, fh audbjs tieefrfs j sfsgjhfs, fe djhtfxtj j ghmuddgôh fs uh

trilikj prfvgj i ei vgvfhdgi. Fh ie`uhjs disjs listi djh uhi ghtrjmuddgôh tfôrgdi ihtfs mf ei vgvfhdgi. Fh
jtrjs disjs iyumi ie djhtfxtj ei rgtuiegzidgôh mfe ialgfhtf (geuaghidgôh, imjrhjs y iddfsjrgjs tiefs djaj
vfeis, idfgtfs, irjais, ftd.). ]ialgçh iyumi i fsti djhtfxtuiegzidgôh fe mir uh hjalrf iprjpgimj ie tieefr
j sfsgôh. ^jr fkfapej, fh uh fhdufhtrj j djh`rfsj mf Lgjmihzi, dimi sfsgôh
sfs gôh tgfhf uh hjalrf quf hjs sgtûi
fh fe uhgvfrsj fh quf sf vi i trilikir. Hj fs rfdjafhmilef pjhfr hjalrf i tjmis eis sfsgjhfs mf `rupj
rf`ueir, yi quf fe cidgegtimjr mflf pjmfr imiptirsf i aûetgpefs cidtjrfs quf sf vih mihmj y quf rfqugfrfh
mf uh dgfrtj `rimj mf cefxglgegmim y ceugmfz. Hjalrir uhi deisf, pjr uh eimj, civjrfdf ie djhtfxtuiegzir ei
gmfi i trilikir fh ei sfsgôh, sgh falir`j, pjr jtrj eimj, mflgegti ei dipidgmim mf imiptidgôh mfe cidgegtimjr
i eis fajdgjhfs quf fstéh vgvgfhmj fh  prfsfhtf ejs ghtf`rihtfs mfe `rupj.

Audbis vfdfs fe djhtfxtj sf fapgfzi i trilikir djh audbi ihtfeidgôh i ei vgvfhdgi. ^irtf mf ei ghtfhsgmim
mf vgvfhdgi  mf uh tieefr j deisf, fsté mimj pjr fsti ghmuddgôh prfvgi quf fs uh trilikj fstritç`gdj y
 prfafmgtimj. ^jr fkfapej, fh fe tie
tieefr
efr mfe Aghjtiurj, ejs pirtgdgpihtfs vih aihgcfstihmj prj`rfsgviafhtf,
i afmgmi quf sf idfrdi ei cfdbi mfe tieefr, ihsgfmim, agfmj, ftd. Fsti ihsgfmim prfvgi ie tieefr fs uh
`itgeeihtf gapjrtihtásgaj piri ghtfhsgcgdir eis vgvfhdgis. Isá djaj fh fstf tieefr, sf bidf fvgmfhtf quf iuh
ihtfs mf vgvfhdgir, ejs pirtgdgpihtfs yi fstéh rgtuiegzimjs. Tilfh quf vih i uh mfsicáj
mfsic áj gapjrtihtf, y tgfhfh
ei djhcgihzi mf quf pufmfh ej`rirej.

Fsti ghmuddgôh j djhtfxtj fs gapjrtihtf pjmfr trihsagtgrej

trihs agtgrej fh tjmjs ejs tieefrfs, mjhmf dimi tieefr tgfhf su
djhtfxtj pirtgdueir. Fh fe `rupj rf`ueir, tialgçh pufmf utgegzirsf fe djhtfxtj piri
pir i prjcuhmgzir fh mgstghtjs
trilikjs. ^jr fkfapej; ]ieefr Gmfhtgmim y Iequgagi mf ejs = Fefafhtjs, Éh`fefs, Mgjhgsgj, Lgjmihzi y
[jmgidj, Ghdjhsdgfhtf Huaghjsj, ftd.

Ghtfhsgmim mf Sgvfhdgi pjr ―Tgefhdgj‑ 

Fe pjfti dbgefhj Sgdfhtf Bugmjlrj mgkj ie`uhi vfz fe vfrsj; " Tgefhdgj, ei tgfrri vi i mir i euz uh érlje ".

  7
 

Ei aûsgdi y eis pieilris sf sjstgfhfh fh fe sgefhdgj, fs ej quf sfpiri ei aûsgdi mfe rugmj y ej quf bidf
djaprfhsglef fe efh`uikf. Vtgegzir fe sgefhdgj piri `fhfrir mgstghtis ghtfhsgmimfs mf vgvfhdgi pufmf sfr uhi
bfrriagfhti cuhmiafhtie. ^jr fkfapej; fe fspidgj fhtrf vgvfhdgi y vgvfhdgi, eis
e is vgvfhdgis fh ei hituriefzi,
ejs fspidgjs fhtrf pieilris fh ei djhsg`hi fh tjmis eis eáhfis mf vgvfhdgi, ftd.

Eis vgvfhdgis fh ei hituriefzi hjs mih mgstghtis jpdgjhfs mf utgegzidgôh mfe sgefhdgj. ^jr fkfapej, fh ei
Mihzi Ilsjeuti, quf fs iqufeei mjhmf ei mihzi sur`f mf ei aûsgdi mf ei hituriefzi mfe fhtjrhj (air,
vgfhtj, ivfs, ftd.), sf rfqugfrf uh ietj aihfkj mfe sgefhdgj y sghdrjhgzidgôh djh fe fhtjrhj, mjhmf fh ei
djhsg`hi sf ghtf`ri dimi sjhgmj, djejr, cjrai, irjai, ftd. piri ghdrfafhtir ei ghtfhsgmim mf vgvfhdgi.
^ufmf bidfrsf uhi sfsgôh mf Mihzi Ilsjeuti quf fh su tjtiegmim sf rfiegzi djh ei aûsgdi mf ei hituriefzi.
Fs gapjrtihtf rfdjrmir ei aftjmjej`ái prjpufsti fh fe Aihuie Aftjmjej`ái Djapefafhtirgj Sjeuafh G,
rfspftihmj duimrihtfs, puesidgjhfs, ftd. ]ialgçh fxgstf ei pjsglgegmim mf ghtf`rir i uhi sfsgôh mf Mihzi
Ilsjeuti fh ei hituriefzi, ei aûsgdi fh vgvj, fkfrdgdgjs mf vjz tiefs djaj fe Djrj mf Diùi Mgvghi
Fafr`fhtf, Dihtj Áhtisgs, Ghtgagmim, Dihtj mfe ^rjpgj Hjalrf, ftd., fefafhtjs rgtuiefs (drfpgtir mfe
cuf`j, irrueej mfe i`ui, irdgeei, ftd.) y fvfhtuieafhtf aûsgdi mfe fefhdj jcgdgie. Tgfaprf fs gapjrtihtf
rfdjrmir quf, sg fstiajs trilikihmj fh ei hituriefzi, biy quf iprjvfdbir tjmj su pjtfhdgie mfcei`rimjr mf
djhfxgôh.

Cuhdgôh mfe Fkfrdgdgj sf`ûh fe Duimrihtf

Fh lgjmihzi hj fxgstf uhi egsti mf fkfrdgdgjs pjr duimrihtf, fstj fs pjrquf fh uh `rupj mf ghgdgj ejs
fkfrdgdgjs duapefh uhi cuhdgôh ―hiturie‑  fh dgfrtjs duimrihtfs, pjr fkfapej; Fh fe Duimrihtf G fh uh
`rupj mf ghgdgj, ejs fkfrdgdgjs hituriefs sjh \jhmi mf Ghgdgj, Diaghirfs, Tghdrjhgzidgjhfs, Kuf`js,
Futjháis, Mihzis Fxprfsgvis, ftd. Fh fe Duimrihtf GG, ejs fkfrdgdgjs hituriefs sjh Tfrgfs mf Ceugmfz,
Ceugmfz Eglrf, Tf`afhtirgjs, Ghtf`ridgôh mf ejs ]rfs Dfhtrjs, ^eidfr Dfhfstçsgdj, fe Kuhdj, Mihzis mf
Irajhgzidgôh, y i afmgmi quf fe `rupj ivihzi, sf pufmfh puesir ie`uhjs mf fstjs fkfrdgdgjs i`rf`ihmj
Idirgdgiagfhtj Ghmgvgmuie, fh pirfki j `rupj (ej gapjrtihtf fs quf duapeih ei cuhdgôh mf ghtf`ridgôh
dfhfstçsgdi y prfpiridgôh piri fe trihdf y ei rf`rfsgôh), ftd. Ie Duimrihtf GGG, pjmfajs fhtrir mf aihfri
hiturie djh \jhmis mf Afdgagfhtj, @rupjs Djapidtjs, Hgmj Fdjeô`gdj, \jhmi mf Agrimis, \jhmis
Djhdçhtrgdis, \jhmis ]rgliefs \átagdis, ftd. Euf`j fe fkfrdgdgj j ejs fkfrdgdgjs dfhtriefs, mjhmf fh `rupj
mf ghgdgj fstéh ejs fkfrdgdgjs mf ^jsgdgjhfs @fhfritrgdfs, Iutjidirgdgiagfhtj mf Aihjs, Djhfxgôh djh fe

  9>
 

Vhgvfrsj, Aghutj mf Ftfrhgmim, Mihzi mfe Jtjùj, Iduhiagfhtj, ftd. Fh fe Duimrihtf GS, piri `rupjs mf
ghgdgj, ejs fkfrdgdgjs hituriefs sjh Fhdufhtrjs, Fhdufhtrjs mf Djrizôh i Djrizôh, Fhdufhtrjs Cu`isfs,
\jhmis mf Idtgvidgôh y \jhmi Cghie.

I afmgmi quf fe `rupj ivihzi, ei cuhdgôh mfe fkfrdgdgj pufmf dialgir ie dialgir mgdbj fkfrdgdgj mf

duimrihtf. ^jr fkfapej, ei Mihzi mfe Jtjùj fh `rupj mf ghgdgj sufef sfr uh fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie (Duimrihtf
GGG), sgh falir`j, fh uh `rupj ivihzimj, ei Mihzi mfe Jtjùj pufmf utgegzirsf fh fe Duimrihtf GG djaj uh
fkfrdgdgj mf ghtf`ridgôh dghfstçsgdi mf prfpiridgôh piri fe trihdf y rf`rfsgôh, quf duapef djh sfr uhi
mihzi mf ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi y ie agsaj tgfapj hjs ghtfhsgcgdi ei vgvfhdgi, ej quf pfragtf
rimgdiegzirei. Jtrj fkfapej sfrái uhi sfsgôh quf ghgdgi fe Duimrihtf G djh uhi \jhmi Dbiaéhgdi, uh
Diaghir ]rglie, uhi Tghdrjhgzidgôh \átagdi, piri euf`j
euf `j sf`ugr fh fe Duimrihtf GG djh ei Mihzi mfe Jtjùj
y djhtghuir ei deisf djh ejs mfaés fkfrdgdgjs. Jtrj fkfapej; ei Mihzi mf Ceugmfz sufef sfr uh fkfrdgdgj
hiturie mfe Duimrihtf GG, pfrj fh uh `rupj uh pjdj aés ivihzimj, ie duie sf ef fstç prfsfhtihmj ei eáhfi
mf sfxuiegmim, pjmrái prjpjhfrsf uhi Mihzi mf Ceugmfz Tfhsuie djaj fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie, idjstualrihmj ie
`rupj djh fsti prjpufsti ie ajvgagfhtj y fajdgjhfs prjpgis mf fsti eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf aihfri
 prj`rfsgvi.

CEFRGLGEGMIM MF EJT DVIM\IH]FT W ^VETIDGJHFT

I afmgmi quf fe `rupj vi ivihzihmj fh su dipidgmim mf fhtrf`i

fh trf`i y vgvfhdgi, fs hiturie quf eis puesi
puesidgjhfs
dgjhfs
sf viyih mfsdjapfhsihmj fh ie`ûh duimrihtf, yi quf ejs `rupjs y pirtgdgpihtfs hfdfsgtih prjcuhmgzir
ispfdtjs rfeidgjhimjs djh fe váhduej djhsg`j agsaj, djh fe jtrj, djh ei djauhgmim y/j djh fe uhgvfrsj.
Fe cidgegtimjr, ie fstir djhsdgfhtf mf fstj, ghtfhti fqugeglrir eis puesidgjhfs piri aihtfhfr ei sfsgôh
jr`éhgdi.

Fqugeglrgj pjr ^uesidgjhfs;

Fe fqugeglrgj pjr puesidgjhfs pfragtf prjcuhmgzir ei vgvfhdgi mf ejs pirtgdgpihtfs y fe mfsirrjeej mf uhi

sfsgôh aés jr`éhgdi.

  99
 

Fkfapej 9; Tg prjpjhfajs fh fe Duimrihtf GGG ei sfdufhdgi mf fkfrdgdgjs dfhtriefs; Djhtidtj Djhsg`j

Agsaj, Djhfxgôh djh fe Vhgvfrsj y Bjalrf Fstrfeei, tfhfajs quf ejs trfs fkfrdgdgjs sjh mf ^uesidgôh G.
Fh fsti sfsgôh sfrái gapjrtihtf, pjr ej tihtj, fh ejs Duimrihtfs G, GG y GS, fqugeglrir ej aés pjsglef
p jsglef djh eis
^uesidgjhfs GG y GGG (sgh hf`ir ei ^uesidgôh G duihmj sfi hfdfsirgj), piri ej`rir isá uhi sfsgôh jr`éhgdi.

Fkfapej <; Tg prjpjhfajs fh fe Duimrihtf G ei sfdufhdgi mf fkfrdgdgjs \jhmi mf Ghgdgj, Diaghir fh ^ir,
y ]rfhdgtj, tfhfajs sjej ^uesidgôh GG y GGG. ^iri fqugeglrir fe duimrihtf, pjmráiajs djapefafhtir djh uh
fkfrdgdgj mf ^uesidgôh G, djaj, pjr fkfapej, fe kuf`j mf Ibjri j Huhdi j ]jair ei Ghgdgitgvi (^uesidgôh
G y GG) dfrrihmj fe Duimrihtf G, y euf`j pisir ie Duimrihtf GG
G G fh ^uesidgôh G djh ejs fkfrdgdgjs Tf`afhtirgjs
j uhi Tfrgf mf Ceugmfz, y pjstfrgjrafhtf djh uhi Ghtf`ridgôh fh ^ir, rftjaihmj fe fqugeglrgj mf eis
 puesidgjhfs mf ejs Duimrihtfs G y GG.  

Fkfapej 4; Tg prjpjhfajs fh fe Duimrihtf GGG pisir mf ei \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj ie fkfrdgdgj mf \fm

Icfdtgvi (ialis mf ^uesidgôh GGG) pjmfajs prjcuhmgzir ei sfdufhdgi y bidfrei aés jr`éhgdi fqugeglrihmj
 pjr puesidgôh. Tg`ugfhmj fe fkfapej ihtfrgjr tfhmráiajs; \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj, Fhdufhtrj mf \jstrj y
Djrizôh fh ^ir y \fm Icfdtgvi. Fh fstf disj ei ^uesidgôh GG pfragtf ghtfhsgcgdir ei vgvfhdgi.

]\ILIKJ MF DVIM\IH]FT

―@ridgis i quf fxgstfh eáagtfs, fxgstfh tialgçh ualriefs mf ipfrturi i ghcghgtis pjsglgegmimfs.‑  

Fe aihfkj mf duimrihtfs hjs mi uhi fhjraf pjsglgegmim mf imiptilgegmim mf eis sfsgjhfs. Eis sfsgjhfs mf
Lgjmihzi tgfhfh quf imiptirsf i mgstghtis tgpjej`áis mf `rupj (`rupjs mf kôvfhfs, hgùjs, imuetjs aiyjrfs,
jr`ihgzidgjhfs, ftd.), pjr ej quf sf rfqugfrfh mgstghtjs fhcjqufs. ^jr fkfapej, uhi sfsgôh mf imuetj aiyjr
muri ierfmfmjr mf =6 aghutjs, uhi sfsgôh mf Lgjmihzi ghcihtge pufmf murir cédgeafhtf 9 ± bjris. Fh
jr`ihgzidgjhfs, fe tgfapj mf eis sfsgjhfs fsté idjtimj i audbjs cidtjrfs (mgspjhglgegmim mf siei, tgfapj
isg`himj pjr ei ghstgtudgôh j fqugpj mf trilikj, ftd.), pumgfhmj sfr mfsmf <6 aghutjs i 9 ± bjris.

Fe cidgegtimjr mflf tfhfr ei dipidgmim mf idjrtir j iapegcgdir ejs duimrihtfs, yi

y i quf uhi sfsgôh mf Lgjmihzi
sgfaprf mflf duapegr djh ei aftjmjej`ái prjpufsti pjr \jeihmj ]jrj Irihfmi, pjr ej tihtj, trilikir

  9<
 

tjmjs ejs duimrihtfs piri quf fe tréhsgtj fhtrf ei Djhdgfhdgi mf Tg y rf`rfsgôh (imrfhfr`gi y djeghfr`gi)
sfi jr`éhgdj.

Iapegidgôh mf Duimrihtfs

Biy `rupjs j tieefrfs fh quf, pjr mgstghtis sgtuidgjhfs, fs rfdjafhmilef quf eis sfsgjhfs sfih aés eir`is
quf ej bilgtuie. Fs gapjrtihtf rfairdir quf, ie ieir`ir ei sfsgôh djh aés fkfrdgdgjs u jtris tçdhgdis, fe
jrmfh mf mgdbjs fkfrdgdgjs fh ejs duimrihtfs sf tjrhi cuhmiafhtie, pufs ei sfsgôh mflf sfr jr`éhgdi.

-  Fxtfhsgôh pjr Aés Fkfrdgdgjs fh Ie`ûh Duimrihtf

^jr fkfapej, fh Lgjmihzi ghcihtge, sf pufmf iprjvfdbir ei fhfr`ái mf ejs hgùjs, ieir`ihmj fe Duimrihtf
Duimri htf
G. Vhi sfsgôh piri hgùjs mf 0 iùjs djaj prjafmgj, djh ie`j mf fxpfrgfhdgi fh Lgjmihzi, sf pjmrái
mfsirrjeeir djaj sg`uf;

Fkfrdgdgj Aûsgdi ^uesidgôh

Duimrihtf G (Ghtf`ridgôh `rupie y ajtjri)
\jhmi mf Ghgdgj Iairrf j Ghgag`j hj Dgpj (J [iapiyj), Is @itis  GGG
Diaghir djaj Ihgaiefs Mjdtjr Kizz, ]rimgtgjhie Kizz Lihm   G
Kuf`j mf Iairrir ie Djapiùfrj djh uh ]bf Fhtfrtighfr, LT ]bf @jepf Afstrf, Tdjtt Kjpegh 
Tdjtt Kjpegh GG
Bgej Ghvgsglef djh dialgjs
Kuf`j 9-<-4-= Iee ]j`ftbfr Hjw, Lfitefs  G, GG y GGG
Tghdrjhgzidgôh \átagdi Cfegdgmim, @jhmwihi 
]rfhdgtj Tghujsj Gh tbf kuh`ef, tbf ag`tby kuh`ef, Lfidb Ljys  GGG
Tghdrjhgzidgôh djh uh Bgej Gai`ghirgj ]ij mfe Iajr, Sih`fegs  GG
Duimrihtf GG (Ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf y rf`rfsgôh) 
Tfrgf mf Ceugmfz Jxg`fhf G, K. Agdbfeef Kirrf  G
Ceugmfz Eglrf ]bf Lg` Leuf - Jvfrturf, Frgd Tfrri  G
Duimrihtf GGG (Fkfrdgdgjs mf djauhgôh, fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie) 
\jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj Icfdtgvi Iri`uigi, Cicé mf Lfefa  GGG
Iduhiagfhtj djh dialgj Lieeimf ^jur Vh Aitgh, Lêi  GG
Duimrihtf GS (^rfpiridgôh mf siegmi, iprfhmgzikf y trguhcj mfe iajr) 
Fhdufhtrjs Ejvf Ajhti`hf, Mygh` Wjuh`  GG
\jhmi Cghie Drgi - Airái \gti  GGG
Duimrj <; Fkfapej mf sfsgôh djh fxtfhsgôh mfe Duimrihtf G

  94
 

Fh fstf fkfapej sf trilikô djh 0 fkfrdgdgjs djh ei cghiegmim mf iapegir fe Duimrihtf G, prfpirihmj ei
djrpjriegmim piri ei rf`rfsgôh jr`éhgdi.

Jtrj fkfapej ghtfrfsihtf mf ihiegzir piri uh `rupj rf`ueir (sfsgôh djh rf`rfsgôh prjcuhmi fh fe
Duimrihtf GGG), pjmrái sfr fxtfhmfr fe Duimrihtf GS djh ei sg`ugfhtf sfdufhdgi; Fhdufhtrjs Tfhsglefs

djh ei aûsgdi  Bieefeuki

 Bieefeukib
b mf  Fegsi, \jhmi mf Idtgvidgôh Efhti djh Sjàf f Eghmi mf Diftihj Sfejsj,
Fhdufhtrjs Idtgvihtfs djh Aieudj Lfefzi mf \iue Tfgxis
Tfgxis y uhi \jhmi Cghie djh Mfsdulr
 Mfsdulråå quf ]f Iaj
Iaj
 Mfaigs  mf Tgajhf, mjhmf sf pufmf jlsfrvir djaj fe fqugeglrgj mf puesidgjhfs cidgegti uh dgfrrf
jr`éhgdj mf ei sfsgôh.

-  Fxtfhsgôh mf uh Fkfrdgdgj pjr Dihtgmim mf Aûsgdis

^jmfajs fxtfhmfr uh duimrihtf djh rfeidgôh ie fkfrdgdgj y ei dihtgmim mf aûsgdis quf utgegdfajs piri
su mfsirrjeej. ^jr fkfapej, Eeuvgi mf Dirgdgis mf
m f i 4 djh ei aûsgdi Ei Afajrgf
Afajrgf mf Ilribia mf Dfeghf
 Mgjh, mjhmf ejs trfs pirtgdgpihtfs pisih ie dfhtrj fh fe tgfapj quf muri ei dihdgôh (iprjx. 9 aghutj
 pjr pirtgdgpihtf) j fe agsaj fkfrdgdgj mjhmf dimi pirtgdgpihtf pisi ie dfhtrj murihtf fe tjtie mfe tgfapj
quf muri ei dihdgôh (iprjx. 4 aghutjs pjr pirtgdgpihtf), pumgfhmj utgegzirsf fh fstf ûetgaj disj 4
dihdgjhfs mgstghtis.

-  Fxtfhsgôh pjr ^uesidgôh fh fe Duimrihtf

Biy fkfrdgdgjs quf pufmfh trilikirsf fh mgstghtis puesidgjhfs, pjr fkfapej, fe Tf`afhtirgj, quf fs uh
fkfrdgdgj quf audbis vfdfs utgegziajs fh ^uesidgôh G, ie utgegzirej fh ^uesidgôh GG (Tf`afhtirgj fh
^irfs), sf fxtgfhmf fe tgfapj mfe fkfrdgdgj ie mjlef, ej quf djhsfdufhtfafhtf ieir`i fe tgfapj mfe
Duimrihtf GG.

-  Fxtfhsgôh pjr Fkfrdgdgjs, Aûsgdi y ^uesidgjhfs

Eis trfs bfrriagfhtis ihtfrgjrfs, fs mfdgr, fxtfhsgôh pjr hûafrj mf fkfrdgdgjs, pjr dihtgmim mf aûsgdis
y pjr puesidgôh, sf pufmfh ghtf`rir fh uhi agsai sfsgôh.

Ihiegdfajs fe sg`ugfhtf fkfapej, mjhmf ghgdgieafhtf fe Duimrihtf GG ej tfraghiajs djh uhi Ceugmfz
]risdfhmfhtf djh ei aûsgdi ]iof tbf 'E' ]righ mf  Lrjjoeyh Cuho Fssfhtgie. ^jmfajs iapegir fstf

  9=
 

duimrihtf afmgihtf uh fkfrdgdgj mf pisikf quf pufmf sfr uh Fhdufhtrj Tfhsglef y/j ]risdfhmfhtf djh
ei aûsgdi Tiai Wjjh, Aigh ]bfaf, quf aihtgfhf ei duiegmim mf Ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf
y ei rf`rfsgôh, djh ej quf cghiegziajs fstf duimrihtf fh ^uesidgôh GG (iapegihmj djh uhi ^uesidgôh GG).
Euf`j sf pufmf prjpjhfr uhi \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj. Imfaés, pjmfajs iapegir ibjri fe Duimrihtf
GGG djh uhi Eeuvgi mf Dirgdgis utgegzihmj 4 aûsgdis (djaj fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie), y pumgfhmj iapegir aés
iuh fe duimrihtf, pjr fkfapej, dfrrihmj djh uh @rupj Djapidtj, piri pisir ie sg`ugfhtf duimrihtf djh
Fhdufhtrjs y \jhmi Cghie.

\fmuddgôh mf Duimrihtfs

Ei rfmuddgôh mf duimrihtfs fs uhi tçdhgdi quf sf pufmf ipegdir fh ie`uhis sfsgjhfs mf `rupjs fspfdácgdjs
mf Lgjmihzi, pjr fkfapej, eis sfsgjhfs mf `rupjs mf tfrdfri fmim pjr rf`ueidgôh `rupie f ghmgvgmuie,
audbis vfdfs fh `rupjs ghstgtudgjhiefs, pufs sf dufhti djh afhjs tgfapj piri trilikir fh feeis, ftd.

^iri rfmudgr duimrihtfs biy quf duapegr ei cghiegmim mfe rfspfdtgvj duimrihtf djh ei afhjr dihtgmim mf
fkfrdgdgjs pjsglefs. Ei sg`ugfhtf sfsgôh aufstri uhi deisf djh uhi prjpufsti mf duimr
duimrihtfs
ihtfs djh uh aáhgaj
mf fkfrdgdgjs, mjhmf fs pjsglef rfmudgr iûh aés ei deisf sg sf idjrti ei muridgôh mf eis rfspfdtgvis aûsgdis,
 pumgfhmj fh ie`uhjs disjs bidfr aés mf uh fkfrdgdgj djh uh agsaj tfai (fh fe fkfapej quf sg`uf,
Afdgagfhtj y Djhtidtj Djhsg`j Agsaj).

Fkfrdgdgj  ]gpj mf fkfrdgdgj

Duimrihtf G (Ghtf`ridgôh `rupie y ajtjri)

9 \jhmi mf Ghgdgj Ghtf`ridgôh `rupie
< Diaghir Ghtf`ridgôh ajtjri
4 Tghdrjhgzidgôh Ghtf`ridgôh `rupie y ajtjri
Duimrihtf GG (Ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf y rf`rfsgôh)
= Ceugmfz Eglrf ^rfpiridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf y rf`rfsgôh
Duimrihtf GGG (Fkfrdgdgjs mf djauhgôh, fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie)
6 \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj Fkfrdgdgj mf djauhgôh
3 Djhtidtj Djhsg`j Agsaj Fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie

Duimrihtf GS (^rfpiridgôh mf siegmi, iprfhmgzikf y trguhcj mfe iajr)

  96
 

0 Fhdufhtrjs Iprfhmgzikf, sg sf utgegzi uhi djhsg`hi imfduimi

2 \jhmi Cghie ]rguhcj mfe iajr
Duimrj 4; Fkfapej mf sfsgôh djh rfmuddgôh mf duimrihtfs

EI AI@GI MFE DVIM\IH]F GG

Ei utgegzidgôh imfduimi mfe Duimrihtf GG fs uhi bfrriagfhti cuhmiafhtie piri ei prjcuhmgzidgôh mf uh

`rupj. Tg rfdjrmiajs quf fstf fs fe duimrihtf quf prfpiri ei rf`rfsgôh, mflfajs viejrir eis pjsglgegmimfs
mf iddgôh quf fstf duimrihtf hjs jtjr`i.

Biy audbjs fkfrdgdgjs y virgidgjhfs quf hjs jtjr`ih mgstghtjs pjsglefs diaghjs. Fh `rupj mf ghgdgj sf
sufef trilikir djh Tfrgf mf Ceugmfz, Ceugmfz Eglrf, Tf`afhtirgjs, Tf`afhtirgjs fh Disdimi, ^eidfr
Dfhfstçsgdj, Kuhdj y \fspgridgôh Mihzihtf. I afmgmi quf fe `rupj ivihzi, sf ghdjrpjri Feistgdgmim
Ghtf`ritgvi, Fxtfhsgôh Aéxgai y virgihtfs mf ejs fkfrdgdgjs mf `rupj mf ghgdgj, tiefs djaj Ceugmfz fh ^ir
j mf i ]rfs, Tf`afhtirgj fh ^ir, Djhtidtj Aáhgaj fh ^ir, ^eidfr Dfhfstçsgdj fh ^ir, Djhtidtj Aáhgaj,
Iutjidirgdgiagfhtj j uhi sfdufhdgi mf Iutjidirgdgiagfhtj sf`ugmj pjr Idirgdgiagfhtj fh @rupjs mf i
]rfs, ftd.

Fh `rupj mf ghgdgj sf rfdjagfhmi quf fe Duimrihtf GG sfi ej aés jr`éhgdj y prj`rfsgvj pjsglef. Fstj
iyumi ie pirtgdgpihtf, i iprfhmfr uh tréhsgtj fhtrf ei Djhsdgfhdgi mf Tg y ei \f`rfsgôh, y quf uhi vfz
imqugrgmi fsti bilgegmim j dômg`j, hjs pfragtf fe usj mf dgfrtis durvis fspfdgiefs (agfhtris afhjs

jr`éhgdj fe Duimrihtf GG, aés fstrfsihtf fs ei durvi, pjr ej quf sf rfdjagfhmi ipegdir durvis fspfdgiefs
mf aihfri fxdfpdgjhie).

\IMGDIEG[IDGÔH MF SGSFHDGI

Fs gapjrtihtf mgcfrfhdgir \imgdiegzidgôh mf Sgvfhdgis mf ei  Ghtfhsgm

 Ghtfhsgmim Sgvfhdgis. \jeihmj ]jrj
im mf Sgvfhdgis
Irihfmi, fxpegdili quf; ― Ei rimgdiegzidgôh
rimgdiegzidgôh mf vgvfhdgi
vgvfhdgi fs duihmj ei vgvfhdgi
vgvfhdgi sf bidf dir`j mf tu
fxgstfhdgi, duihmj fe sieôh mf Lgjmihzi mfki mf sfr uh eiljritjrgj fxpfrgafhtie, idjrtihmj ei lrfdbi
fxpfrgfhdgi ‑, fs mfdgr, fs uh prjdfsj pfrsjhie.
fhtrf ei vgvfhdgi y ei fxpfrgfhdgi‑,

  93
 

^jr ej tihtj, hj fxgstfh deisfs j sfsgjhfs aés rimgdiefs quf jtris, fxgstfh deisfs djh aiyjr j afhjr
 Ghtfhsgmim
 Ghtfhsgm Sgvfhdgi.
im mf Sgvfhdgi

Vhi sfsgôh mf @rupj mf Ghgdgj vgvgmi djh `rih ghtfhsgmim pufmf sfr uhi sfsgôh auy rimgdie fh fe prjdfsj
mf mfsirrjeej pfrsjhie mf uh ghtf`rihtf mfe `rupj.

DV\SIT FT^FDGIEFT

Durvi mf Drfitgvgmim

Ei drfitgvgmim fh Lgjmihzi fs fxgstfhdgie; ―Djaj sf drfi Vhgvfrsj, sf drfi fxgstfhdgi‑. ^jr ej tihtj, fe
ghtf`rir fhfr`áis Wgh y fhfr`áis Wih`, sf vufevfh cuhmiafhtiefs fh fe trilikj mf mfsirrjeej mf uh `rupj
mf Lgjmihzi. Fh uhi sjdgfmim quf fxpejti hufstrjs agfmjs, uhi `rih aiyjrái mf eis pfrsjhis vgvfh eis
fhfr`áis Wgh y Wih` pjeirgzimis, djaftgfhmj ghdeusj fe frrjr mf rfmudgrej ie `çhfrj aisdueghj y
cfafhghj. Ei fhfr`ái Wgh fs uhi fhfr`ái áhtgai, rfdfptgvi, muedf, trihspirfhtf, ceugmi, ftd., quf sf mfki
 pfhftrir y trihscjrair (mfsmf ibá su isjdgidgôh i ej cfafhghj). Ei fhfr`ái Wih` fs uhi fhfr`ái fxprfsgvi,
mgsdgpeghimi, pfhftrihtf, mf eáagtf y iddgôh, ftd., (isjdgimi mfsmf ibá i ej aisdueghj). Fe Wgh hidf fh fe
deáaix mf Wih`, y fe Wih` i su vfz fh fe deáaix mfe Wgh, aihgcfstihmj mf fsti cjrai ei ghtf`ridgôh y fe
fqugeglrgj mf fstis fhfr`áis fh tjmjs ejs ispfdtjs mfe uhgvfrsj. Dimi uhj mf hjsjtrjs, yi sfi fe, feei j feef,
tgfhf ialis fhfr`áis ghtf`rimis mfhtrj mf sá. Fe fqugeglrgj fxgstfhdgie sf mi fh fe fqugeglrgj f ghtf`ridgôh
mf fstis mjs fhfr`áis.

^jr ej tihtj, ihtfs mf rfiegzir ei prgafri sfsgôh mf drfitgvgmim, mflfajs prf`uhtirhjs sg ejs pirtgdgpihtfs
mfe `rupj tgfhfh ―fe pfragsj‑ mf aihgcfstir fstis mjs fhfr`áis,
fh fr`áis, yi quf, fh uhi prgafri deisf mf drfitgvgmim,
mflfajs rfiegzir uhi mihzi Wgh, uhi mihzi Wih` y uhi mf ghtf`ridgôh Wgh-Wih`. Fstis sjh eis mihzis
quf pfragtfh prjcuhmgzir fh eis mihzis fxprfsgvis y prjcuhmgzir mfspuçs fh ei eáhfi mf drfitgvgmim,
 pumgfhmj tjair mgstghtjs diaghjs piri fe mfsirrjeej mf ei sfsgôh. ^
^jr
jr fkfapej, djafhzir djh uhi durvi
dur vi
mf icfdtgvgmim y trisdfhmfhdgi, mfsirrjeeihmj ei sfsgôh mfsmf fh Wgh bisti fe Wih`, j pumgfhmj djafhzir
djh uhi durvi mf vgtiegmim f gmfhtgmim y mfsirrjeeihmj uhi sfsgôh mfe Wih` ie Wgh. Ej gapjrtihtf fs quf,
murihtf fsti prgafri sfsgôh, sf trilikfh eis trfs mihzis ihtfrgjrafhtf sfùieimis.

  90
 

Fs gapjrtihtf rfdiedir quf, sg fe `rupj tgfhf uhi ieti dipidgmim fxprfsgvi, fh su prgafri sfsgôh mf
drfitgvgmim, g`uieafhtf mflfajs trilikir eis mihzis Wgh, Wih` f ghtf`ridgôh Wgh-Wih`, yi quf ef vi i mir
aiyjr prjcuhmgmim fxgstfhdgie i ei sfsgôh.

Durvi mf Likimi Ilrupti fh fe Duimrihtf GG

Fs uhi durvi ietiafhtf fstrfsihtf, quf hj `fhfrirái rfsgstfhdgi fh uh `rupj ivihzimj i mgcfrfhdgi mf uh
`rupj mf ghgdgj, sgh falir`j, fsti likimi ilrupti mfe Duimrihtf GG hjs pfragtf prjcuhmgzir ei rf`rfsgôh.

Fh ie`uhis jdisgjhfs sf pufmf sfdufhdgir fe Duimrihtf GG (mfspuçs mfe kuf`j) djh uh fkfrdgdgj mf Ceugmfz
Eglrf (qufmihmj pjr mfcghgdgôh likj ei eáhfi mf Djhsdgfhdgi mf Tg), piri pisir i uhi Ceugmfz fh ^ir y pisir

ie prôxgaj duimrihtf djh uh fkfrdgdgj mf djauhgôh, pjr fkfapej, djh uhi \jhmi mf Ceugmfz @rupie fh
vfz mf ei \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj, djh ej quf sf ej`ri uhi rf`rfsgôh aés prjcuhmi.

Fkfrdgdgj
Duimrihtf G (Ghtf`ridgôh `rupie y ajtjri)
9 \jhmi mf ghgdgj
< Diaghir
4 Tghdrjhgzidgôh \átagdi
= Kuf`j

Duimrihtf GG (Ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf y rf`rfsgôh)

6 Ceugmfz eglrf
Duimrihtf GGG (Fkfrdgdgjs mf djauhgôh, fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie)
3 \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj
0 Fkfrdgdgj Dfhtrie
Duimrihtf GS (^rfpiridgôh mf siegmi, iprfhmgzikf y trguhcj mfe iajr)
2 Fhdufhtrjs
7 \jhmi cghie
Duimrj =; Fkfapej mf sfsgôh djh likimi ilrupti fh fe Duimrihtf GG  

  92
 

@récgdj <; Fkfapej mf sfsgôh djh likimi ilrupti fh fe Duimrihtf GG

Durvi mf ]rihdf \átagdj i ei \f`rfsgôh

Duihmj fe `rupj yi ghtf`rô ejs dômg`js, tgfhf dipidgmim mf vgvfhdgi, y sgh falir`j prfsfhti mgcgduetimfs
 piri fhtrir fh trihdf y rf`rfsgôh pjmfajs utgegzir fxdfpdgjhieafhtf, uhi durvi fstrfsihtf pfrj auy
fcfdtgvi djh likimi ilrupti fh fe Duimrihtf GG sgageir i ei ajstrimi fh fe fkfapej mfe Duimrj = y @récgdj
<. Ei mgcfrfhdgi rimgdi fh quf sf sulf i viejrfs aiyjrfs
ai yjrfs fh fe Fkf W, fs mfdgr, sf lusdi uh fstimj mf aiyjr
imrfhfr`gi utgegzihmj fe rgtaj djhstihtf djaj pufhtf ie trihdf, piri pisir ilruptiafhtf i uh fstimj
rf`rfsgvj-djeghçr`gdj, likj fe fkf mf Djhdgfhdgi mf Tg. Fh fstis sfsgjhfs fspfdgiefs biy quf rfdjrmir i ejs
 pirtgdgpihtfs ei gapjrtihdgi mf ei iutjrf`ueidgôh.

Fkfrdgdgj
Duimrihtf G (Ghtf`ridgôh `rupie y ajtjri)
9 \jhmi mf Ghgdgj \átagdi
< Diaghir \átagdj
4 Futjhái \átagdi
= Kuf`j 9-<-4-= \átagdj y \épgmj
6 Mihzi mf Eglfridgôh mfe Ajvgagfhtj

  97
 

Duimrihtf GG (Ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf y rf`rfsgôh)

3 \fspgridgôh Ilmjaghie (idjstimjs fh fe pgsj)
Duimrihtf GGG (Fkfrdgdgjs mf djauhgôh, fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie)
0 Fkfrdgdgj mf Djauhgôh
2 Fkfrdgdgj Dfhtrie

Duimrihtf GS (^rfpiridgôh mf siegmi, iprfhmgzikf y trguhcj mfe iajr)

7 Fhdufhtrjs
9> \jhmi Cghie
Duimrj 6; Fkfapej mf sfsgôh djh ]rihdf \átagdj i ei \f`rfsgôh  

@récgdj 4; Fkfapej mf sfsgôh djh ]rihdf \átagdj i ei \f`rfsgôh

Durvi \átagdi

Biy sfsgjhfs mjhmf fe trihdf ej prjmudf fe rgtaj djhtghuj. Ei prjcuhmgmim mfe trihdf fs cuhdgôh mf ei
muridgôh mfe tgfapj ie quf sf fxpjhf uh `rupj mf pfrsjhis ie rgtaj, fs mfdgr, fh iprjxgaimiafhtf 0
aghutjs sf prjmudf uh prgafr fstimj mf trihdf (efvf), i ejs 9= aghutjs fstf fstimj mf trihdf sf prjcuhmgzi,
i ejs <9 fe trihdf fs iûh aiyjr, ftd.

  <>
 

Fe mfsicáj fh Lgjmihzi fs ej`rir uhi sfsgôh rátagdi y jr`éhgdi (quf hj i`jtf i ejs pirtgdgpihtfs),
rfspftihmj ejs duimrihtfs y puesidgjhfs. Tjh sfsgjhfs fxtrfaimiafhtf prjcuhmis, rgtuiegzimis y
sgalôegdis. Biy quf rfdjrmir quf fe trihdf pfragtf ei tréhtisgs j dialgj fxpjhfhdgie. Tjh sfsgjhfs quf
 pufmfh sfr prjcuhmiafhtf trihscjraimjris. ^jr ej tihtj, biy quf tfhfr fh djhsgmfridgôh, sfefddgjhir uhj
j aés fkfrdgdgjs dfhtriefs fh fe Duimrihtf GGG, quf mfkfh uhi fhsfùihzi prjcuhmi, iprjvfdbihmj isá, ei
 prjcuhmgmim mfe fstimj mf trihdf piri prjvjdir uhi trihsautidgôh y hj
h j sjej uh pisfj ssfhsjrgie
fhsjrgie (i afhjs
quf fstj ûetgaj sfi fe jlkftgvj mf ei sfsgôh).

Fkfrdgdgj ( aûsgdi
 aûsgdi rfcfrfhdgie )
Duimrihtf G (Ghtf`ridgôh `rupie y ajtjri)
9 \jhmi mf Ghgdgj \átagdi ( Euhmu
 Euhmu)
< Diaghir ]rglie (Owjrj Oih`j)
4 Djjrmghidgôh \átagdi fh ^ir (Tfhf`ie Cist Cjjm )
Duimrihtf GG (Ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf y rf`rfsgôh)
= Ghtf`ridgôh mf ejs ]rfs Dfhtrjs ( Fu
 Fu f I`ui)
Duimrihtf GGG (Fkfrdgdgjs mf djauhgôh, fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie)
6 \jhmi \átagdi (Dgrihmi hj pitgj)
3 Fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie; Mihzi mf ]gfrri (Deirj mf Euhi - @ufa)
Duimrihtf GS (^rfpiridgôh mf siegmi, iprfhmgzikf y trguhcj mfe iajr)
0 Fhdufhtrjs ]risdfhmfhtf ( Ejvf
 Ejvf Ajhtikf)
2 Fhdufhtrjs mf Idtgvidgôh djh Icfdtgvgmim (Jh firtb is gt gs gh bfivfh)
7 \jhmi Cghie (]iogrirg mfe ^ufrtj —  Ejs
 Ejs Kigvis)

Duimrj 3; Tfsgôh rátagdi y jr`éhgdi 

  <9
 

@récgdj =; Durvi mf uhi sfsgôh rátagdi jr`éhgdi

Iquá prfsfhtiajs sjej uhi fstrudturi lésgdi mf uh fkfapej mf durvi rátagdi quf pjmrái iapegcgdirsf fh
tjmjs ejs duimrihtfs. Fs gapjrtihtf fh fsti fstrudturi, tfhfr deirj quf duiequgfr fkfrdgdgj mf ghtf`ridgôh
dfhfstçsgdi, djaj fxpegdiajs ihtfrgjrafhtf, pjr mfcghgdgôh, hjs sgtûi mgrfdtiafhtf likj ei eáhfi mf
djhsdgfhdgi mf sá, ie mfkirhjs aés rf`rfmgmjs quf duihmj ghgdgiajs i ei sfsgôh. I fstj biy quf i`rf`ir
quf fh ei djhsg`hi y fe rfcfrfhdgie mf ei mihzi mf tgfrri mfe fkfapej ihtfrgjr ( Duimrj 2), fsté fe iprfhmgzikf
y trihsautidgôh mf ei sfsgôh. ]ialgçh fh fstf fkfapej, fe fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie pjmrái sfdufhdgirfs djh jtrjs.

Durvi piri Aihfkj mfe Fstrçs ^jstriuaétgdj

Tf fhtfhmfré pjr fstrçs pjstriuaétgdj ie `fhfrimj pjr fvfhtjs hituriefs tiefs djaj tfrrfajtjs,
ghuhmidgjhfs, tjrafhtis, ftd. y pjr fvfhtjs sjdgiefs tiefs djaj ei mfrrjti mf hufstrj fqugpj mf cûtlje fh
ei cghie mf uh auhmgie, `jepfs mf fstimj, itfhtimjs, aufrtf mf ie`ûh ghtf`rihtf mfe `rupj, ftd.

Fh fstis sgtuidgjhfs, biy quf isuagr quf fe `rupj eef`i fh uh fstimj rf`rfsgvj, pjr ej tihtj, fs ei ûhgdi
durvi quf djagfhzi likj ei Eáhfi mf Djhsdgfhdgi mf Tg. Fs pjr mfcghgdgôh uhi sfsgôh mf icfdtgvgmim (ie
g`uie quf sg ie`ugfh mfe `rupj eef`i djh uhi sgtuidgôh mf mufej, fsti pfrsjhi hfdfsgti ilrizjs y dirgdgis),

  <<
 

ei quf tfraghi djh uhi rjhmi icfdtgvi trisdfhmfhtf, djh uh viejr auy dfrdihj pjr sjlrf ei Eáhfi mf ei
Djhsdgfhdgi mf Tg.

FKFA^EJ 9
Fkfrdgdgj ( aûsgdi
 aûsgdi rfcfrfhdgie )

Duimrihtf G (Ghtf`ridgôh `rupie y ajtjri)

9 \jhmi mf Ghgdgj Icfdtgvi ( Fegsi  vfrsgôh 0;<3 agh)
 Fegsi - Bieefeukib —  vfrsgôh
< Diaghir y Ilrizirsf (Pbit i Pjhmfrcue Pjrem - Fvi Dissgmy)
4 Tghdrjhgzidgôh \átagdj Afeômgdi (Cisdghiàäj - Fegs \f`ghi)
Duimrihtf GG (Ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf y rf`rfsgôh)
= Ceugmfz Eglrf (Lg` Leuf - ]bf lg` leuf Jlfrturf
Jlfrturf)
Duimrihtf GGG (Fkfrdgdgjs mf djauhgôh, fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie)
6 @rupj Djapidtj (Sih`fegs - Ef sgh`f lefu )
3 Eeuvgi mf D
Dirgdgis
irgdgis mf i ]rfs, djh 4 dihdgjhfs j rfpftgr ei dihd
dihdgôh
gôh ( Ei Ilribia)
 Ei afajrgi mf Ilribia

Duimrihtf GS (^rfpiridgôh mf siegmi, iprfhmgzikf y trguhcj mfe iajr)

0 Fhdufhtrjs Icfdtgvjs ( Ejvf
 Ejvf ajhti`f)
2 \jhmi Cghie Icfdtgvi ]risdfhmfhtf ( Lfhmgti Kuih Eugs @ufrri)
 Lfhmgti tu euz - Kuih

Duimrj 0; Tfsgôh fh djhtfxtj mf uh ]riuai @rupie

@récgdj 6; Tfsgôh fh djhtfxtj mf uh ]riuai @rupie

  <4
 

FKFA^EJ <
Fkfrdgdgj
Duimrihtf G (Ghtf`ridgôh `rupie y ajtjri)
9 \jhmi mf Ghgdgj Icfdtgvi
< Diaghir Idjapiùimjs

4 Tghdrjhgzidgôh \átagdj Afeômgdi

Duimrihtf GG (Ghtf`ridgôh dfhfstçsgdi piri fe trihdf y rf`rfsgôh)
= Ceugmfz Eglrf
Duimrihtf GGG (Fkfrdgdgjs mf djauhgôh, fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie)
6 \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj
3 Idirgdgiagfhtj mfe Dfhtrj Icfdtgvj fh ^ir
Duimrihtf GS (^rfpiridgôh mf siegmi, iprfhmgzikf y trguhcj mfe iajr)
0 Fhdufhtrjs Icfdtgvjs
2 Fhdufhtrjs (djh jtri aûsgdi, ej quf mi tgfapj i ei pfrsjhi piri ghtf`rirsf)

7 \jhmi Cghie Icfdtgvi

Duimrj 2; Tfsgôh fh djhtfxtj mf uh ]riuai j Mufej ^frsjhie  

@récgdj 3; Tfsgôh fh djhtfxtj mf uh ]riuai j Mufej ^frsjhie

  <=
 

Durvi piri Lgjmihzi fh Fspidgjs ^ûlegdjs

Fsti fs uhi durvi fspfdgieafhtf dugmimjsi, mjhmf fe jlkftgvj fs ajstrir Lgjmihzi, tjaihmj fh
djhsgmfridgôh ei `fhtf quf dgrduei j fsté prfsfhtf fh fe eu`ir. ^jr ej tihtj, fe jlkftgvj hj fs ilrgr uh
 prjdfsj mf trihscjraidgôh, sghj, utgegzir fe sgstfai djaj diaghj mf ghtf`
ghtf`ridgôh
ridgôh y djhfxgôh. Eis mihzis
y djhsg`his mflfh sfr sfefddgjhimis djh audbj dugmimj djhsgmfrihmj quf biy `fhtf jlsfrvihmj y
 pfrsjhis mfsdjhjdgmis pirtgdgpihmj, mf eis duiefs mfsdjhjdfajs sus bgstjrgis. Eis mihzis y djhsg`his hj
mflfh pirfdfr fxtriùis piri mgdbjs jlsfrvimjrfs fxtfrhjs. Tjh mihzis y djhsg`his sgapefs, cédgefs mf
fhtfhmfr y fstçtgdiafhtf auy iddfsglefs. Fs uhi durvi mfe tgpj trimgdgjhie y auy fqugeglrimi (vfr Aihuie
mf Aftjmjej`ái Djapefafhtirgj Sjeuafh G). Eis djhsg`his sjh mfe tgpj djtgmgihis y mfe fefhdj jcgdgie.

Fs gapjrtihtf tfhfr fh djhsgmfridgôh quf, murihtf fe mfsirrjeej mf ei sfsgôh, duihmj sf mih eis djhsg`his
y rfcfrfhdgiefs, fe j ejs cidgegtimjrfs mflfh gr ghvgtihmj mf aihfri rfdurrfhtf i pirtgdgpir i eis pfrsjhis

quf fstéh jlsfrvihmj.

Vh fkfapej piri geustrir fsti dur vi,

vi, ghspgrimi fh fe Djefdtgvj ―Iquá y fh ei Yuflrimi mfe Iká‑, djefdtgvj
cfafhghj quf eefvi iùjs mgcuhmgfhmj Lgjmihzi fh eis peizis mf Dbgef.

FKFA^EJ
^ D S ei S
u i i
es i D
h ej ej
i d u
# Fkfrdgdgj Aûsgdi d
gô gô r
m
r
v
r
f
h h f i h

9 \jhmi Ghgdgie Jl eiLfitefs

]bf mg - jl  ei mi,  GGG +< 9<
< Diaghir Tghçr`gdj Afgi Eui Ghtfgri, G +< 9=
Diftihj Sfejsj
4 Kuf`j 9, <, 4, = ]u sjhrgsi, GGG +< 90
 Fevgs Drfspj +4
= Tghdrjhgzidgôh Afeômgdi mf i < Fu vju, GG -< 96
 Lftb Dirviebj
6 Tfrgf Ceugmfz 9 Jb Lily, G -< 94
@fjr`f Birrgsjh 
3 Tfrgf Ceugmfz < -< 99
0 Ceugmfz Eglrf (djaj mihzi mf ]igdbg, G -< 7
ghtf`ridgôh) Jegvfr Tbihtg & Crgfhms

2 \jhmi mf Afdgagfhtj Gai`ghf GGG -9 2

 Kjbh Efhhjh

  <6
 

7 Ghtgagmim (Fkfrdgdgj Dfhtrie) I @gct jc i ]bgstef (Djrizôh G -9 0

Siegfhtf), Kiafs Bjrhfr  
9> Fhdufhtrjs mf Ilrizjs Bgahjs mf ag djrizôh, GG +9 7
 Afrdfmfs Tjsi +<
99 \jhmi Cghie ]jmjs kuhtjs, GGG +< 9<
 Ejs Kigvis +4
Duimrj 7; Tfsgôh mf Lgjmihzi fh Fspidgjs ^ûlegdjs

@récgdj 0; Tfsgôh mf Lgjmihzi fh Fspidgjs ^ûlegdjs

LGJMIH[I FH AIHGCFT]IDGJHFT

Lgjmihzi fh Aihgcfstidgjhfs hidf fh Dbgef fh jdtulrf mf <>97 i riáz mfe fstieegmj sjdgie djh uhi
djhvjditjrgi mf ^fmrj Eillf ]jrj, fe Djefdtgvj ―Iquá y fh ei Yuflrimi mfe Iká‑ y ei Fsdufei Lgjdçhtrgdi
mf Tihtgi`j, crfhtf i ei hfdfsgmim mf mfcfhmfr fe ^rghdgpgj Lgjdçhtrgdj  utgegzihmj Lgjmihzi djaj
bfrriagfhti mf trihscjraidgôh sjdgie.

Fs gapjrtihtf rfdiedir quf hj fs uhi pjsturi gmfjeô`gdi mf gzqugfrmi j mfrfdbi, fs uhi pjsturi idtgvi piri
ei mfcfhsi mf ejs mfrfdbjs buaihjs, ei fdjej`ái, fe lgfh djaûh, fe lgfh fstir sjdgie, ftd. Fstj uhgmj ie
trilikj mf ie`uhjs djef`is fh fe éalgtj ghtfefdtuie quf fstéh mfsirrjeeihmj tfjráis mf fdjhjaái

  <3
 

 lgjdçhtrgdi, djhstgtudgjhfs lgjdçhtrgdis, prjyfdtjs mf efy lgjdçhtrgdjs, ftd., sf vufevf uhi hufvi prjpufsti
mf trihscjraidgôh sjdgie.

Fh ei prgafri djhvjditjrgi, ei sgtuidgôh fh Dbgef fri mf uh fstieegmj sjdgie sjrprfsgvj djh uhi rfprfsgôh
mfe Fstimj mf dirédtfr lrutie (bjagdgmgjs, ilusjs sfxuiefs i mgstghtjs `çhfrjs, aés mf =6> pfrsjhis
df`imis pjr lieghfs, ftd.). Fe prfsgmfhtf mf Dbgef bilái mfdeirimj egtfrieafhtf ei `ufrri i su `fhtf. Agefs
mf pfrsjhis siefh i ei dieef aihgcfstéhmjsf mf cjrai drfitgvi, pidácgdi y hj gmfjeô`gdi, ej quf hjs bgsj
sfhtgr ei prjcuhmi hfdfsgmim mf pirtgdgpir fh ejs prjdfsjs mf dialgj quf fe auhmj hfdfsgti mf aihfri
ur`fhtf. Djaj cidgegtimjrfs mf Lgjmihzi mflfajs ajvgegzirhjs fh ejs mgstghtjs sgstfais fh ejs quf
vgvgajs fh mfcfhsi y prjtfddgôh mf ei vgmi aés ieeé mf duiequgfr gmfjej`ái.

Murihtf eis sfsgjhfs fh eis aihgcfstidgjhfs, ei agrimi mfe cidgegtimjr fapitgzi y sf djaprjaftf djh eis
vádtgais mf eis ghkustgdgis sjdgiefs quf prjmudfh ejs mgstghtjs sgstfais (huhdi djh fe fstimj quf prjmudf
eis ghkustgdgis j vgdtgairgj, fapitgzir djh fe vgdtgairgj fs uh idtj mf vgjefhdgi bidgi eis pfrsjhis quf sf
fstéh aihgcfstihmj). Eis djhsg`his sjh deiris y mgrfdtis, quf dihiegzih fe sfhtgr mf eis pfrsjhis ibá
 prfsfhtfs aihgcfstéhmjsf. Fs gapjrtihtf rfdiedir, quf hj sjh sfsgjhfs piri ilrgr prjdfsjs pfrsjhiefs
 prjcuhmjs pufs hj djhjdfajs eis bgstjrgis mf eis pfrsjhis prfsfhtfs, hg pjmfajs bidfrhjs dir`j
 pjstfrgjrafhtf mf eis fajdgjhfs quf sf `itgeefh. Tjh sfsgjhfs quf vih mf ei fhfr`ái ghmgvgmuie i ei
djefdtgvi piri cjrtiefdfr ei gmfhtgmim mfe `rupj y mf eis agsais pfrsjhis.
pfrsjh is. Eis aûsgdis i sfefddgjhir mflfh
sfr auy ―tfaétgdis‑, fstj qugfrf mfdgr quf eis eftris  mflfh ghtfhsgcgdir ei vgvfhdgi.

Fs gapjrtihtf tfhfr fh djhsgmfridgôh quf, pjr tritirsf mf uhi sfsgôh pûlegdi, mjhmf uhj mf ejs jlkftgvjs
fs quf pirtgdgpfh eis pfrsjhis quf sf fhdufhtrih fh fe eu`ir, murihtf fe mfsirrjeej mf ei sfsgôh, duihmj sf
mih eis djhsg`his y rfcfrfhdgiefs, fe j ejs cidgegtimjrfs mflfh gr ghvgtihmj i pirtgdgpir i eis pfrsjhis quf
fstéh jlsfrvihmj mf aihfri rfdurrfhtf, mimj quf audbjs, euf`j mf jlsfrvir dôaj sf mfsirrjeei
mfsirr jeei ei sfsgôh,
sf mfdgmfh i pirtgdgpir.

Vhj mf ejs jlkftgvjs mf fstis sfsgjhfs fs jcrfdfr uh fspidgj drfitgvj, pidácgdj mf ietj gapidtj, quf iyumf
i dihiegzir ei vgjefhdgi quf sf aihgcgfsti fh fe ialgfhtf bidgi uhi fhfr`ái trihscjraimjri y icfdtgvi.

]ialgçh fs gapjrtihtf rfiddgjhir mf aihfri fstritç`gdi y ej afhjs gapuesgviafhtf pjsglef (sf vgvf
fajdgjhfs fxtrfaimiafhtf ghtfhsis quf `itgeeih audbis vfdfs rfspufstis ghstghtgvis i eis quf ei

  <0
 

ridgjhiegmim iyumi audbj). Tf rfdjagfhmi quf eis isjdgidgjhfs mf cidgegtimjrfs y mgrfdtjrfs iyumfh i
jr`ihgzir y djjrmghir, pjr fkfapej, djagsgôh mf mfrfdbjs buaihjs mjhmf sf kuhtfh ilj`imjs, isgstfhtfs
sjdgiefs, ftd., fh disj mf quf ie`ûh cidgegtimjr j pirtgdgpihtf sfi tjaimj prfsj j sfi bfrgmj murihtf eis
aihgcfstidgjhfs. Fs gapjrtihtf quf fe eeiaimj i eis aihgcfstidgjhfs sfi ejs aés ghstgtudgjhiegzimj pjsglef
 piri aghgagzir djh fstj fe rgfs`j ghmgvgmuie j ciagegir mf ejs quf bidfh ei djhvjditjrgi, ftd.

Fh Dbgef, mfdfhis mf cidgegtimjrfs sghtgfrjh ei hfdfsgmim prjcuhmi mf `fhfrir dialgjs sjdgiefs utgegzihmj
ei mihzi djaj afmgj mf trihscjraidgôh sjdgie, bidgfhmj dgfhtjs mf sfsgjhfs i ej eir`j mf tjmj Dbgef
murihtf fe fstieegmj sjdgie. Imfaés, sfhtgajs fe ipjyj y fe dirgùj mf dgfhtjs mf cidgegtimjrfs mfe auhmj
fh ejs mgcádgefs ajafhtjs quf sf fstilih vgvgfhmj y quf prjlilefafhtf vjeviajs i vgvgr. Dilf
afhdgjhir, mfstidir y i`rimfdfr quf sf bgdgfrjh sfsgjhfs mf Lgjmihzi y aihgcfstidgôh fh mgstghtjs piásfs
mfe auhmj.

Fkfapej 9; Tfsgôh djhvjdimi pjr ^fmrj Eillf ]jrj, fe Djefdtgvj ―Iquá y fh ei Yuflrimi mfe Iká‑  
rfprfsfhtimj pjr Tjefmim Tfpûevfmi, Direi Ghjstrjzi, ^iafei Siefhzufei y ^ijei Distgeej
(cidgegtimjris dbgefhis) y ei Fsdufei Lgjdçhtrgdi mf Tihtgi`j
Tiht gi`j fh ei ^eizi Ùuùji mf Tihtgi`j mf Dbgef

Djhtfxtj; Vh kufvfs djagfhzi fe fstieegmj sjdgie, djh cufrtf rfprfsgôh pjegdgie y agegtir, aufrtjs y
bfrgmjs, ie`uhis pfrsjhis siqufihmj mgvfrsjs eu`irfs mf uh piás mjhmf himi efs pfrtfhfdf, ei `fhtf fh uh
fstimj mf sbjdo `fhfrie, mjhmf ur`f uhi djhvjditjrgi fh dfhtrjs dávgdjs fsdj`gmjs pjr eis ciagegis piri
aihgcfstirsf.

Fh ejs fstieegmjs sjdgiefs sf aufvfh fhfr`áis irquftápgdis pjmfrjsásgais, gaé`fhfs djefdtgvis

fspjhtihfis quf sur`fh mf ei fajdgôh y mfe sfhtgr mf ei `fhtf.

Fe fstieegmj sjdgie fh Dbgef tuvj diridtfrástgdis pirtgdueirfs, ei lihmfri dbgefhi tfhái uh djstj fh eis dieefs
mf iprjxgaimj mf 9VTM, ei lihmfri mf puflejs jrg`ghirgjs tfhái uh djstj mf iprjxgaimiafhtf <VTM.
Ei `rih aiyjrái mf ejs aihgcfstihtfs jptilih pjr ei lihmfri mf ejs puflejs jrg`ghirgjs. Eis lihmfris mf
ejs pirtgmjs pjeátgdjs frih fxpuesimis mf ei aihgcfstidgôh. Ejs bçrjfs pjpueirfs cufrjh pfrsjhikfs tiefs

djaj fe ― pfrrj aitri pidjs‑, fe ―pgdidbu quf ligei‑, dipgtéh ieiafmi j pirfaih‑,
ligei‑, fe ――dipgtéh pirfaih‑, fe ―fstûpgmj
―fstûpgmj y

  <2
 

sfhsuie Tpgmfraih‑, ―mghjsiurgj   quf irrihdi efhtj‑,

Tpgmfraih‑, fe ―mghjsiurgj efhtj‑, ei ―ilufei ihirqugsti‑, ftd. (pufmf lusdir fh
―ilufei ihirqugsti‑
ghtfrhft fstjs pfrsjhikfs).

Euf`j mf eis aihgcfstidgjhfs sf tjaô djhsdgfhdgi quf fs fe prghdgpgj Lgjdçhtrgdj ej quf ejs puflejs
fspfrih, hfdfsgtih y djafhzirjh i fxprfsir, sjej quf hj ej silfh. ]jaiajs djhsdgfhdgi mf hufstri
rfspjhsilgegmim djaj i`fhtfs mf trihscjraidgôh sjdgie utgegzihmj fe ilrizj y ei mihzi djaj bfrriagfhti
idtgvi y pidácgdi, mgcuhmgfhmj mf fsti aihfri fe hufvj pirimg`ai drfimj pjr \jeihmj ]jrj I.

Fh ei prgafri aihgcfstidgôh mf Lgjmihzi fh ei peizi Ùuùji (<4 mf jdtulrf mf <>97) sf rfdglgô fe ipjyj
mf mgstghtjs cidgegtimjrfs y mgstghtis fsdufeis mf Lgjmihzi mfe piás. Fh fe sg`ugfhtf duimrj sf prfsfhti ei
sfsgôh (eis djhsg`his sjh rfcfrfhdgiefs y sgageirfs i eis fxpufstis fh ei sfsgôh). Dilf mfstidir quf, mimj
fe ialgfhtf y ejs éhgajs mf ei `fhtf fh ei peizi y fe piás, sf djhsgmfrô aihtfhfr uh hgvfe imfduimj mf
vg`gegi, pjr ej quf sf jagtgô mfeglfrimiafhtf fe Duimrihtf GG, pisihmj mfe Duimrihtf G mgrfdtiafhtf ie
Duimrihtf GGG. Fh sgtuidgjhfs afhjs rgfs`jsis sf rfdjagfhmi aihtfhfr ie Duimrihtf GG.

^ D S S
u i d i
es i u
h ej ej
i d r
# Fkfrdgdgj Dihdgôh y Iutjr d
gô gô r
m
v
i
r
f
Djhsg`his
h h f h

9 \jhmi Ghgdgie Mfrfdbj mf vgvgr fh GGG < 9< Fe prfsgmfhtf mfdeirô ei `ufrri i su prjpgj piás. Fstiajs
 piz, aihgcfstéhmjhjs piri ajstriref ie auhmj quf Dbgef qugfrf
Sgdtjr Kiri  piz. ^fmgajs fmudidgôh y biy agefs mf fstumgihtfs prfsjs y
bfrgmjs. ^fmgajs sieum y ejs bjspgtiefs fstéh eefhjs mf
 pfrsjhis df`imis. ^fmgajs pfhsgjhfs mg`his y mgfrjh agsfrgi
y bialrf. ^fmgajs pjr ejs puflejs jrg`ghirgjs y hjs mgfrjh
aufrtf. ^fmgajs i`ui y hjs mgfrjh sfquái.
< Diaghir mf 9, <, Drfj fh tg, G, GG, < 9= Drfyfrjh quf hjs glih i itfajrgzir, pfrj fe puflej dbgefhj sf
=, 2, …   Ihgti ]gkjux
]gkjux GGG efvihtô. Mf i pjdj siegajs mf dbjo y djafhziajs i diaghir.
 Hjs agriajs y hjs suaiajs y dimi
dimi mái sjajs aés.
4 Kuf`j 9, <, 4, = Aie vgdbj, GGG 4 90 I ejs agegtirfs quf fstéh ibá agrihmj y fsdudbihmj, pgfhsfh
 Ejs Ciluejsjs
Ciluejsjs  lgfh ej quf vih i bidfr. Ie `jlgfrhj mf ^gùfri ef qufmih
Dimgeeids aéxgaj < iùjs y ums. vih i sfr ejs ‒tjhtjs ûtgefs‗ quf tfraghih
fh prgsgôh. Efs rfdjrmiajs quf fe `fhfrie Djhtrfris (mgrfdtjs
mfe DHG fh fe `jlgfrhj mf ^ghjdbft) aurgô prfsj y eejrihmj.
 Hj efs tfhfajs agfmj, hg i sus ditf`jrgzidgjhfs hg i su
rfprfsgôh. Dimi mái sjajs aés. Siajs i pjhfr uhi
uh i aûsgdi…
(mfsdrgpdgôh mfe kuf`j).

  <7
 

= Tghdrjhgzidgôh Aufrtf fh Biwigg, GG -< 96 Dbgef mfspfrtô, tjaiajs djhsdgfhdgi mf quf sjajs uh sjej
\átagdj Afeômgdi Dieef 94  puflej, uhi sjei eudbi pjr ei vgmi. ]fhfajs quf sghdrjhgzir
hufstris fhfr`áis, hufstris agrimis. Fhtrir fh uh rgtaj fh
djaûh y djh fe jtrj, sfr uhi sjei cufrzi.
6 \jhmi mf Agrimis Eglfrtim, GGG -< 94 Dbgef ilrgô ejs jkjs, ei drgsgs sjdgie fs drgsgs mf iajr. Agfhtris
 Hihi Ajusojurg
Ajusojurg aés `rihmf ei dgumim, aés sjei fsté ei `fhtf. Drgimjs djaj
ghmgvgmujs, sgfhmj sfrfs djefdtgvjs. Fe dialgj quf
 prjpjhfajs djagfhzi fh ei agrimi.
agrimi.
3 Fhdufhtrjs Siajs i ihmir, GG, +9 96 Ilriziajs i ejs fstumgihtfs prfsjs, i eis pfrsjhis ilusimis, i
(tfraghih fh Tgevgj \jmrá`ufz GGG +< ejs puflejs jrg`ghirgjs, i ejs pfhsgjhimjs, ie fxpejtimj.
rjhmi) Ilrizjs piri tjmjs.
0 \jhmi Cghie, ]jmjs Kuhtjs, GGG +< 92 Dbgef mfspfrtô, Dbgef siegô i eis dieefs i mfcfhmfr ei vgmi. Dimi
uetgaô aghutj djh  Ejs Kigvis +4 mái biy aés rfprfsgôh y dimi mái sief aés `fhtf. Fstiajs iquá
Ligef @rupie,  pjrquf qufrfajs dialgjs. Fstiajs iquá piri dialgir ei
―sufetjs, pfrj hj rfeidgôh fhtrf hjsjtrjs y hjsjtrjs y fe auhmj. Fstiajs iquá
sjejs‑   piri mfcfhmfr fe fhdufhtrj,
fhdufhtrj, pjrquf tjmjs sjajs uhj.
Duimrj 9>; ^rgafri Tfsgôh fh Aihgcfstidgjhfs mf Lgjmihzi fh ^eizi Ùuùji

Fkfapej <; Tfsgôh Djhvjdimi fh fe Tur mf Dbgef

Djhtfxtj; Euf`j mfe prgafr eeiaimj, cidgegtimjrfs mf tjmj Dbgef djagfhzih i bidfr idtgvgmimfs fh tjmj
fe piás. Fe fkfapej quf sf prfsfhti i djhtghuidgôh fs uhi sfsgôh mimi fh uhi rf`gôh ie sur mf Dbgef, djh
rgfs`j uh pjdj aés djhtrjeimj, pjr ej quf sf pufmf aihtfhfr fe Duimrihtf GG, fs mfdgr, sf pufmf likir fe
hgvfe mf vg`gegi sgh fxpjhfr i ejs pirtgdgpihtfs i uhi djhmgdgôh mf rgfs`j. Lgjmihzi fh Aihgcfstidgjhfs fh
rf`gjhfs mf Dbgef (eu`irfs iefkimjs mf ei rf`gôh aftrjpjegtihi) tgfhf uhi pirtgdueirgmim, y fs quf ejs
 pirtgdgpihtfs sufefh djhjdfrsf
djhj dfrsf j ie afhjs fxgstf uh dgfrtj `rimj mf ghtfriddgôh aés dfrdihi y crfdufhtf,
c rfdufhtf,
ej quf fvgmfhtfafhtf iuafhti fe hgvfe mf fxpjsgdgôh mf ejs djef`is y pjr ej tihtj fh fstf aihuie qufrfajs
quf rfajs
rfdjhjdfr fe djaprjagsj djh ei vgmi quf ejs mgstghtjs cidgegtimjrfs i ej eir`j mf Dbgef y ie`uhjs piásfs
mfe auhmj aihgcgfstih djh fsti idtgvgmim.

  4>
 

# Fkfrdgdgj Dihdgôh y Iutjr Djhsg`hi

9 \jhmi Ghgdgie Sgfhtjs mfe Ieai Lgjmihzi ghgdgi y tfraghi fh \jhmi, rfprfsfhtihmj quf sjajs uhi Djauhgmim, quf
qu f
 Afrdfmfs Tjssi
Tjssi Tjajs Vhj, quf sjajs bgkjs
b gkjs f bgkis mf ei tgfrri, y djaj tie pjmfajs iddfmfr i ei
 pjtfhdgiegmim mf Hufstri
Hufstri @rih Aimrf piri tri
trihscjrairhjs
hscjrairhjs fh sfrfs djhsdgf
djhsdgfhtfs
htfs y
dugmimjrfs mf hjsjtrjs djaj fspfdgf y pjr supufstj mf fstf peihfti, hufstrj bj`ir.
Siajs i mihzir i uh agsaj rgtaj, dugmihmj i qugfh tfh`j i ag eimj, djhfdtihmj djh

ei agrimi mf dimi djapiùfrj, djaprfhmgfhmj ei djaûh uhgmim.

Ei ]gfrri hjs fsté eeiaihmj, Ei aimrf hjs fsté `ugihmj, i dugmir hufstrj dufrpj, i
fsdudbir hufstrj djrizôh, fs tgfapj mf iair-hjs.
< Diaghir @rupie @wyfi  Vhi trglu uhgmi, fs uhi trglu pjmfrjsi,
pjm frjsi, uhi trglu quf diaghi ie rgtaj mf ei tgfrri, fs
uhi trglu quf tgfhf djhsdgfhdgi mfe eu`ir quf bilgti, y pjr tihtj ej dugmi, sf dugmi y
diaghi pjr feej. Fs tgfapj mf sjetir hufstrjs f`js, piri djaprfhmfr quf sjajs pirtf
mf uh tjmj.
Fe diaghir `rupie rfprfsfhti ei cufrzi mfe puflej uhgmj, y quf kuhtjs pjmfajs dialgir
hufstri bgstjrgi.
Siajs i diaghir i uh agsaj rgtaj, djhfdtihmj djh ejs quf vih i hufstrj eimj,
sghtgfhmj quf sjy pirtf mf fsti `rih trglu.
trglu .
4 Tghdrjhgzidgôh  Hyitgtg Ei sghdrjhgzidgôh rátagdi, fs fhtrir fh uh rgtaj fh djaûh, fh fe duie hj mjaghj
m jaghj hg af
\átagdi (\jmi @ufrrfgri) mfkj mjaghir, sghj quf sjy pirtf
p irtf mf uhi dj-drfidgôh, ei agrimi fs fe pufhtf quf ejs
uhf, y ei aûsgdi fs fe vfbáduej fh djaûh.
Tghtiajs ei cufrzi quf hjs trif fsti sghdrjhgzidgôh mf tgfrri, piri quf kuhtjs sf mfh ei
cufrzi piri trihscjrairhjs, fh ej quf mf djrizôh mfsfiajs sfr.
= Kuf`j Sgvi fe Dirhivie,  Fh fstjs tgfapjs ku`ir fs uh rf`iej piri
p iri hufstri ieai, fe kuf`j fs uhi bfrriagfhti
Tghmgditj Tjhjrj deivf piri mirhjs ei drfitgvgmim, quf hjs pfragtf ei trihscjraidgôh mfsfimi.
Siajs i ku`ir mihzihmj dimi uhj djaj qugfri
q ugfri sghtgfhmj ei eglfrtim mf tu mihzi
drfitgvi, djhfdtihmj i ei mihzi mf ejs jtrjs.
j trjs. ―Yuf himi hg himgf hjs qugtf ei Ief`rái mf
Sgvgr‑.
6 Mihzi ]gfrri Igrf Oursog Cuho, Ejs fefafhtjs mf ei hituriefzi fstéh mfhtrj mf hjsjtrjs, pjmfajs iddfmfr i su cufrzi
^iue Pghtfr    piri drfdfr, y trihscjrairhjs
trihscjrairhjs djaj sf trihscjrai uh
uh pgùjh fh Iriudirgi.
Fh fsti mihzi djhfdtirfajs djh ei fhfr`ái mf ei ]gfrri, piri sfhtgrei fh hufstrj dufrpj
y isá fhvgirei ie igrf, y mihziref djhfdtihmj djh su ai`gi, fh uh djhtghuj mf tgfrri y
igrf. Fe rgtaj mf ei aûsgdi airdiré ei mihzi mf tgfrri y ei mf igrf, fh mjhmf ei tgfrri
tgfhf ajvgagfhtjs mfsdfhmfhtfs, rátagdjs, y fe igrf ajvgagfhtjs isdfhmfhtfs, egvgihjs.
3 Mihzi mf Sgrimuri mj Fh afmgj mfe dijs, ei irajhái fs afmgdghi. Wi silgfhmj quf tfhfajs ei cufrzi piri
Irajhgzidgôh Iaizj, dialgir, pjmfajs idtuir mfsmf ei silgmurái mf ei irajhái, Siajs i rfiegzir uhi mihzi
^iue Pghtfr   mf irajhgzidgôh, djh ajvgagfhtjs suivfs y sfhsglefs, mjhmf hufstrj dufrpj vi
djhfdtihmj djh ei sfhsidgôh mf irajhái.
0 \jhmi mf  Hjaim, ]jaimjs mf ei dghturi y eis fspiemis iraiajs uhi rjhmi mf afdgagfhtj, djh jkjs
Afdgagfhtj djh @, Jryfhi ilgfrtjs piri djhfdtir djh dimi sfr mf fsti trglu, y isá djaprfhmfr ei sidriegmim mf ei
Jkjs Ilgfrtjs djauhgmim buaihi.
2 Fhdufhtrj fh \fm @rupj Lfe`i Vhgfhmj eis aihjs djh fe djapiùfrj quf fsté i ag eimj, grfajs diaghihmj mf aihj
Irilf, \fm fh aihj y mf agrimi fh agrimi, sghtgfhmj quf sjajs pfrtfhfdgfhtfs i uhi `rih rfm, fs

  49
 

Icfdtgvi (LI 47, tgfapj mf iprfhmfr i vgvgr fh fsti rfm, y fh ei afmgmi fh quf fsti rfm sf cjrkf mfsmf fe
>6)  djrizôh, tjmj ej pjmrfajs ej`rir.
7 Fhdufhtrjs Djh Iajr, Ilridçajhjs djh ei cufrzi mfe Iajr.
Jsdir Ihmrimf
9> \jhmi Cghie ]jmjs kuhtjs, Tjh tgfapjs mf prjcuhmi trihscjraidgôh, fh mjhmf mflfajs
m flfajs jevgmir mf uhi vfz pjr
 Ejs Kigvis tjmis hufstrjs f`js, piri iprfhmfr i vfrhjs fh djauhgmim, djaprfhmgfhmj quf ej quf
yj bi`j ghceuyf fh fe jtrj,
j trj, fh ejs jtrjs, y mjhmf
mjhm f bjy aés quf huhdi fs hfdfsirgj
h fdfsirgj sidir
tjmjs hufstrjs mjhfs djh ei cufrzi mf ej hiturie, djh ei cufrzi mfe vjedéh, mfe ráj, mfe
air, mf ei tgfrri, y bidfr tfrrfajtfir tjmis eis fstrudturis tôxgdis, iùfkis y
aiqugivçegdis, quf fstéh miùihmj ei vgmi, fs tgfapj mf sidir
sidir tjmi hufstri cufrzi, piri
trihscjrairhjs fh uhi Djauhgmim quf dugmi y iai ei vgmi.
Duimrj 99; Tfsgôh ― Cufrzi Hiturie fh fe Ajvgagfhtj Tjdgie‑ djhvjdimi pjr Fyegh Hjvji Kiri fh ^udôh,
Tur mf Dbgef

LGJMIH[I JHEGHF
Mfhtrj mfe djhtfxtj mf ei pihmfagi mfe iùj <><>, hidf uhi hufvi ajmiegmim mf bidfr Lgjmihzi. I pfsir
mf sfr Lgjmihzi uh sgstfai prfsfhdgie piri ej`rir ei prjcuhmgmim mf ei prjpufsti, fh vgsti mf eis
duirfhtfhis y djhcghiagfhtjs, sur`f fsti hufvi aihfri mf bidfr Lgjmihzi.
Ej prgafrj quf tfhfajs quf afmgtir sjh duiefs sjh ejs ispfdtjs quf iuh pjmfajs trilikir. ^jmfajs
trilikir fe pirimg`ai mfe prghdgpgj Lgjdçhtrgdj y pjmfajs trilikir `rih
`r ih pirtf mfe sgstfai (ajmfej tfôrgdj
y ie`uhis bfrriagfhtis, fs mfdgr, ie`uhis vgvfhdgis).
Fh fstis dgrduhstihdgis fs cuhmiafhtie aihtfhfr fe rfeitj mf vgvfhdgi. Ei `fhtf vi fxprfsihmj fajdgjhfs
auy ghtfhsis i afmgmi quf fe prjdfsj ivihzi. Fe rfeitj mf vgvfhdgi jcrfdf djhtfhdgôh fajdgjhie, ipjyj
y prfsfhdgi. Fs gapjrtihtf, imfaés, fstir auy itfhtjs i eis prjcuhmis
prjcuhm is drgsgs fajdgjhiefs y aitfrgiefs quf
bi prjmudgmj fstf fstimj mf djhcghiagfhtj, igseiagfhtj sjdgie y tri`fmgis dfrdihis, y fstir egstjs piri
`fhfrir rfmfs sjegmirgis mf iyumi mf jridgôh, mf prfsfhdgi y aitfrgiefs.
Bfajs fsdudbimj mgstghtjs fhcjqufs prjpufstjs pjr djef`is. Fs gapjrtihtf djhsgmfrir ie`uhis
djhmgdgjhfs prfvgis i ei sfsgôh, tiefs djaj; diegmim mf ghtfrhft mfe cidgegtimjr y mf ejs pirtgdgpihtfs mfe
`rupj. Ejs `rupjs rf`ueirfs mf cidgegtimjrfs quf tgfhfh lufhi sfùie bih pjmgmj trilikir aihtfhgfhmj eis
 puesidgjhfs i trivçs mf ghtfriddgjhfs fh sieis vgrtuiefs. Fstjs djef`is bih ej`rimj aihtfhfr `rih pirtf mf
ei aftjmjej`ái, bih ej`rimj aihtfhfr duimrihtfs, puesidgjhfs y trilikir eis mgstghtis eáhfis mf vgvfhdgis.
^iri qugfhfs tgfhfh aiei sfùie mf djhfxgôh y pufmih trilikir fh sieis vgrtuiefs mjhmf hj tjmjs ejs
 pirtgdgpihtfs sf pufmfh vfr f ghtfridtuir, pgfrmfh eis puesidgjhfs, pumgfhm
pumgfhmjj trilikir sjej fh ^uesidgôh G.
Tgh falir`j, iûh qufmi fe rfeitj mf vgvfhdgis, fe trilikj mf duimrihtfs, `rih pirtf mf eis vgvfhdgis y `rih
 pirtf mfe ajmfej tfôrgdj (rfmuddgôh mf duimrihtfs).
duimrihtfs ).

  4<
 

I djhtghuidgôh, sf prfsfhti uhi deisf mf Lgjmihzi Jheghf mfsirrjeeimi pjr Tjefmim Agùj, djaj fkfapej
mf fsti ajmiegmim.

Fkfapej 9; Tfsgôh mf Lgjmihzi Jheghf mfe <7 mf kuegj mfe <><>, ―Hufvjs Bjrgzjhtfs‑ 
Djhtfxtuiegzidgôh; ―Euf`j mf bilfr trihsgtimj fstjs mjs afsfs pjr mgstghtis cjrais mf grhjs imiptihmj
i fsti hufvi hjraiegmim, mf bilfr djhtidtimj djh ei sidriegmim mf ei vgmi, ei ceugmfz, ei rfsgegfhdgi, fe
tjair fspidgj, eis trihscjraidgjhfs, fsti jpjrtuhgmim mf pisir mfe dijs ie jrmfh, ibjri viajs i dfrrir
fstf prj`riai djhtidtihmj djh ei pjsglgegmim mf agrir y drfir fh hufstri vgmi hufvjs bjrgzjhtfs.
]jmi fsti sgtuidgôh quf bi dialgimj hufstri rfiegmim, hufstri mghéagdi ciagegir y sjdgie, hufstris
fxpfdtitgvis, ei cjrai mf vgmi quf djhjdáiajs,
djhjdáiajs , bi triámj audbjs dialgjs, ie`uhjs bfajs mfkimj uh eu`ir
mf trilikj, hjs bfajs tfhgmj quf aumir j hj hjs bfajs pjmgmj aumir, bfajs idj`gmj i ciagegirfs pjr
mgvfrsis dgrduhstihdgis y uh sgh cgh mf bgstjrgis quf sf bih djhtimj murihtf fstf pfrájmj mf duirfhtfhi,
hjs pufmfh mfkir audbis fhsfùihzis.
Tgh falir`j, sgh fhtrir fh mftieef mf duée fs ei bgstjrgi mf dimi uhj mf
m f hjsjtrjs, tjmjs hjs bfajs peihtfimj
fh ie`ûh ajafhtj ie`uhis prf`uhtis lésgdis quf pufmfh rfmfcghgr hufstri aihfri mf vgvgr ei vgmi mf
ibjri fh imfeihtf. Bfajs vgstj quf ej quf rfieafhtf gapjrti fs djhtir djh `fhtf quf hjs qugfri, quf hjs
ipjyf, djh ei ciagegi y iag`js, djh fspidgjs piri pjmfr rfiegzir fstf drfdgagfhtj pfrsjhie y `rupie, djh
tfhfr iegafhtj sjlrf ei afsi y tfdbj sjlrf hufstrjs bjalrjs, y tialgçh mf prjhtj hjs bfajs bfdbj ei
 prf`uhti; ºy ibjri quç: y ibjri ºdôaj qugfrj vgvgr:, y ibjri ºquç qugfrj bidfr mf ag vgmi:, y ibjri ºquç
 pufmj bidfr fh fstis hufvis dgrduhstihdgis:
dgrduhs tihdgis:
Lufhj `ridgis i ei vgmi tjmjs sjajs ûhgdjs y pjmfajs bidfr uh sgh hûafrj mf djsis mgstghtis, pjmfajs
grhjs drfihmj y rfdrfihmj fh dimi sgtuidgôh, y sg ie`j bfajs mihzimj fstjs afsfs fs silfr quf dufhtj djh
eis bilgegmimfs y pjsglgegmimfs mf gr djh ei vgmi, iuh djh tjmjs ejs dialgjs quf sf prfsfhtfh, isá quf eef`ô
fe ajafhtj mf mihzir fsti pjsglgegmim mf gr agrihmj fstjs hufvjs bjrgzjhtfs quf fe dijs af trif, mf gr
djhfdtéhmjaf djhag`j agsaj piri gr ilrgfhmj ejs jkjs i fstis hufvis jpjrtuhgmimfs y i ei pjsglgegmim
mf gr drféhmjaf y rfdrféhmjaf ihtf fstjs hufvjs bjrgzjhtfs.‑ 

\fdursj i usir
# Fkfrdgdgj Aûsgdi Djhsg`hi
mf ei siei vgrtuie
Ibjri viajs i ghgdgir fsti sfsgôh mf uhi aihfri uh pjdj mgstghti,
 piri agrir ejs hufvjs bjrgzjhtfs hfdfsgtj djhtidtiraf djhag`j,
isá quf ibjri efs prjpjh`j uh prgafr diaghir djh eis aihjs fh fe
Diaghir
Cfir i'litbi, dfhtrj mf ag pfdbj, mjhmf vjy i gr djhtidtéhmjaf djhag`j @iefrái, dimi uhj
9 djh Aihjs
Dipfrdigeef agfhtris diaghj ie sjhir mf ei aûsgdi, sgh kuz`ir fe sfhtgr djh fe fh su fspidgj
fh fe ^fdbj
quf biyi eef`imj bjy, sôej djhfdtéhmjaf djhag`j y ej quf sfi
quf sgfhti, djh tjmj ej quf biyi eef`imj bjy i mihzir y i
mfsdulrgr.
Cga mf W djh fsf sfhtgr quf eef`iajs bjy viajs i djapirtgr fsti prgafri @iefrái, dimi uhj
\jhmi mf rfghimj, rjhmi djh tjmjs, mihzihmj crfhtf i ei pihtieei, mfkihmj quf fe fh su fspidgj,
< Ghtf`ridgôh  Lftb rgtaj af ghvimi y djagfhdf i ajvfraf y i djapirtgr djh tjmj fe  pfrj agréhmjhjs
Dirviebj `rupj. tjmjs, djaj uhi

  44
 

rjhmi mf
ghtf`ridgôh
vgrtuie
W ibjri viajs i pridtgdir uh pjdj fe fqugeglrgj, fh fstf tgfapj
bfajs tfhgmj quf sfr uh pjdj fqugeglrgstis djh ei vgmi, fsj sá, sgh
mfkirhjs difr y eefvihmj y triyfhmj ej quf vgfhf fh ei vgmi. Isá
]bf
quf djh ei sg`ugfhtf dihdgôh viajs i gai`ghir uhi sj`i fh fe
Kuf`j mf fhtfrtighfr, @iefrái, dimi uhj
4 sufej y quf fsti fsté i uh pir mf aftrjs mfe pgsj, hufstri agsgôh
Fqugeglrgj ]bf mutdb fh su fspidgj
fs gr mf uh fxtrfaj ie jtrj, ku`ihmj i quf sjajs fqugeglrgstis mf
mgxgf  uh dgrdj y viajs i fhtrftfhfr ie pûlegdj, isá quf dimi vfz quf
itrivfsfajs viajs i gr eefvihmj djsis j bidgfhmj kuf`js, fsj sá
djh dugmimj mf hj difrhjs mf ei sj`i.
^iri agrir, rfdrfiraf y rfghvfhtiraf hfdfsgtj ghdjrpjrir hufvis
@jjm ejvgh
y mgstghtis cjrais i eis quf yi fstjy idjstualrimj/i. Isá quf ei
Eglfridgôh (LTJ ^itdb
sg`ugfhtf fs uhi prjpufsti piri lusdir hufvjs y mgstghtjs @iefrái, dimi uhj
= mf Imias),
ajvgagfhtjs, i eglfrir fsf ajvgagfhtj piri quf sie`ih mf ag fh su fspidgj
Ajvgagfhtj ]bf yjuh`
dufrpj djsis mgstghtis, quf af pfragtih fxpejrir hufvis cjrais.
risdies
IV]J\F@VEIDGÔH.
Tf prf`uhti i ejs
 pirtgdgpihtfs djh
qugçh qugfrfh
^iri ei sg`ugfhtf prjpufsti viajs i fsdj`fr uhi pfrsjhi piri gr
\ugmjs y trilikir y sf
eglfrihmj hufstri fxprfsgôh. ^jrquf piri gr eglfrihmj hufstrj
Mihzi mfe rugmgtjs, cjraih ejs pirfs.
6 ajvgagfhtj y drfir ie`j mgstghtj mflfajs tialgçh pjmfrej
\gmáduej ^gjkjs y Feejs cgkih ei
 pgjkgtjs ifxprfsir, isásiegr
gr mfkihmj quf ibjri, fh pirfs,
ajvgagfhtjs vjy i pjhfr
y `fstjs uhi aûsgdi y viajs
rgmáduejs.  pihtieei fe uhj
djh fe jtrj piri
rfiegzir fe
fkfrdgdgj.
Ibjri efs ghvgtj i rfiegzir uhi mihzi drfitgvi, mjhmf dimi uhj sf
Ljbfagih
Mihzi  pfragti drfir uhi mihzi
mihzi fspjhtihfi, eglrf y ddrfitgvi
rfitgvi mjhmf ei quf @iefrái, dimi uhj
3 \ipsjmy,
Drfitgvi rgki sfi ei eglfrtim mf fxprfsgôh quf hjs hizdi mf ei sg`ugfhtf fh su fspidgj
Yuffh
aûsgdi.
W ibjri ei ghvgtidgôh fs i djhtidtirsf djh hufstrj sfhtgr, ei afkjr
Sjz mf
Tf`afhtirgj drfidgôh fsté fh fe iajr, pjr fsj ibjri efs ghvgtj i bidfr uh
auebfr, @iefrái, dimi uhj
0 ^fdbj sf`afhtirgj mf pfdbj lrizjs, mjhmf pjmiajs gr ceudtuihmj fhtrf
 Fmsjh fh su fspidgj
Lrizjs ag sfhtgr y mfkir quf sfi fstf fe quf viyi ilrgfhmj ags lrizjs ie
Djrmfgrj
auhmj.
W mfsmf fsf sfhtgr ibjri efs prjpjh`j uhi mihzi mf ceugmfz djh
Mihzi gaé`fhfs, mjhmf vjy pjhgfhmj gaé`fhfs i ag ierfmfmjr y
Dirivihsiry, @iefrái, dimi uhj
2 Ceugmfz djh Ogtirj mihzihmj djh feeis, ceuyfhmj djh feeis. Siajs mfkihmj siegr y fh su fspidgj
Gaé`fhfs drfihmj afmgihtf gaé`fhfs fsj quf qugfrf drfir ag sfhtgr, fsf
hufvj bjrgzjhtf quf iûh af fspfri.
Tfhtimjs crfhtf ie
mgspjsgtgvj, dimi
 pfrsjhi vi
W ibjri hjs sfhtiajs crfhtf i ei pihtieei y viajs i agrirhjs, i cgkihmj i dimi
Dihdij mf rfdjhjdfr fsis pfrsjhis airivgeejsis quf fh fsti mgstihdgi cásgdi uhj mf ejs
\jhmi mf iajr, af idjapiùih mfsmf auy dfrqugti, djh tjmj su icfdtj. Tjajs djapiùfrjs fh ei
7
Agrimis  Lflfe  pirtf mfe mfsdulrgagfhtj mf dimi uhj, viajs mfsdulrgfhmj  pihtieei piri
@gelfrtj ajvgagfhtjs, sfhsidgjhfs y fajdgjhfs, viajs djhfdtéhmjhjs fh agrirej uh
uhi rfm mf vgmi quf af pfragtf fhdjhtrir hufvjs bjrgzjhtfs. ajafhtj y vi
dialgihmj mf
 pfrsjhi i su
 prjpgj tgfapj.

9> Dirgdgis
^rjpgis Lgegtgs, W ibjri,
tfhgmj ei viajs i rfdjhjdfrhjs
dipidgmim djaj
mf ghvfhtirhjs, sfrfs drfimjrfs,
rfghvfhtirhjs quf iddgôh
y tjair bfajs @iefrái, dimi uhj
fh su fspidgj, sf
@. [iacgr
Aihjs ihtf audbis sgtuidgjhfs, viajs i rfiegzir uhi dirgdgi mf eis qufmih sfhtimjs

  4=
 

 prjpgis aihjs, rfdjhjdgfhmj tjmj ej quf fstis aihjs af bih fh fe agsaj eu`ir
 pfragtgmj drfir
drfir i ej eir`j mf ag vgmi y tjmj ej quf pjmrç drfir djh y dimi uhj dgfrri
feeis mf ibjri fh imfeihtf. Jkjs dfrrimjs. ejs jkjs y rfiegzi
fe fkfrdgdgj
@iefrái, dimi uhj
Djh eis aihjs dfrdi mfe pfdbj, sf`ûh viyi sjhihmj ei sg`ugfhtf
fh su fspidgj, sf
Iee ay dihdgôh, viajs i gr ilrgfhmj ejs jkjs duihmj sghtiajs y agrihmj
qufmih sfhtimjs
99 Idtgvidgôh ejvgh`, i ei pihtieei piri gr i`rimfdgfhmj djh ilrizjs vgrtuiefs i tjmjs pjr
fh fe agsaj eu`ir
 \gti Eff fstf tgfapj mf mihzir ei vgmi, pjr dimi agçrdjefs, pjr dimi mihzi,
y hjs fhvgiajs
 pjr dimi agrimi, pjr fstir. ilrizjs vgrtuiefs
@iefrái, dimi uhj
fh su fspidgj,
Ilrgfhmj  pfrj agréhmjhjs
diaghjs, tjmjs, djaj uhi
W hjs pjhfajs mf pgf piri mihzir fh fsti rjhmi, tjmjs djh ei
9< \jhmi Cghie  Mgf`j rjhmi mf
 pjsglgegmim mf sf`ugr
sf`ugr fhdjhtrihmj hufvjs
hufvjs bjrgzjhtfs
]jrrfs y K.E. ghtf`ridgôh
@ufrri vgrtuie, sf efs pgmf
i tjmjs pjhfrhjs
mf pgf
Duimrj 9<; Tfsgôh mf Lgjmihzi Jheghf mf Tjefmim Agùj, <7 mf kuegj mf <><>

]ialgçh, bfajs fsdudbimj jtrjs tgpjs mf fhcjquf, quf, pjr fkfapej, mgrg`fh su trilikj i `rupjs
fspfdácgdjs, djaj ciagegis, pirfkis, hgùjs, pfrsjhis sjeis fh duirfhtfhi, ftd. ^iri sjrprfsi hufstri, bfajs
fsdudbimj quf fh aés mf uhi jdisgôh quf ie`uhi `fhtf quf djhvgvf djh qugfh j qugfhfs tjaih sus
sfsgjhfs fh disi, sf bih suaimj ie `rupj y ie`uhjs djef`is tgfhfh `rupjs rf`ueirfs aés `rihmfs quf ie
ghgdgj mf fstf prjdfsj, ghdeusj sf bih ghgdgimj hufvjs `rupjs fh fsti ajmiegmim.

Fkfapej <; Tfsgôh mf Lgjmihzi Jheghf mf ^fmrj Eillf ]jrj  

Fh Lgjmihzi Jheghf, pjr ej `fhfrie eis sfsgjhfs sjh aés djrtis, mjhmf biy quf fstir auy itfhtjs ie ceukj
vgvfhdgie y i ei sfaéhtgdi ausgdie. Fh fe sg`ugfhtf duimrj sf aufstri uh fkfapej mf uhi sfsgôh fh
^uesidgôh G piri uh `rupj ivihzimj, mjhmf dilf mfstidir quf eis djhsg`his mflfh ikustirsf ie ajafhtj
y sgtuidgôh fajdgjhie quf fstéh vgvgfhmj ejs ghtf`rihtfs mfe `rupj.
# Fkfrdgdgj Aûsgdi Duimrihtf Jlsfrvidgôh
9 Mihzi mf Cruti Crfsdi? G Fh fe Duimrihtf G hj pjmfajs bidfr ei
Ghtf`ridgôh Direjs Sgvfs  rjhmi mf ghgdgj hg fkfrdgdgjs mf
Ajtjri ghtf`ridgôh `rupie, pfrj sg pjmfajs
bidfr fkfrdgdgjs mf ghtf`ridgôh ajtjri.
< Diaghir Mjdtjr Kizz G
Fxpejrihmj tu
Fspidgj
4 Tfrgf mf Ceugmfz Lf Bfrf Hjw, @fjr`f GG
 Birrgsjh 
= Ceugmfz Eglrf Ei pftgtf cgeef mf ei afr, GG
Sih`fegs 
6 Ghtgagmim Jhmfgi (É`ui), GGG

  46
 

 Muedf ^jhtfs (J ^rgafgrj

^rgafgrj
Dihtj)
3 Mihzi mfe  Hidrf Ft Sfejurs GGG Fkfrdgdgj dfhtrie, mjhmf dimi pfrsjhi
Agstfrgj mihzi ej quf ef bidf sfhtgr fe agstfrgj.
0 Mihzi mf Tfhbjri Eglfrmimf GS
Idtgvidgôh
2 Mihzi cghie Duihmj hjs vjeviajs i GS
fhdjhtrir,
Direjs Sgvfs y Aird Ihtbjhy 
Duimrj 94; Tfsgôh mf Lgjmihzi Jheghf fh ^uesidgôh G piri @rupj Ivihzimj

Fkfapej 4; Fhdufhtrj mf Ciagegis Jheghf mf Siefrgi Sfri Lfr`fr (Fxtfhsgôh drfimi pjr Sfrôhgdi
Lfr`fr y Euz sjegmirgi Sésqufz (YFM^))

Djhtfxtj; Fsti fs uhi aihfri hufvi y auy mgstghti, pjr ej quf sfhtgajs quf piri tjmjs sfré ie`j hufvj,
 pfragtgr uh pjqugtj aés mf dijs quf mf djstualrf, prjpjhfajs quf pimrfs y aimrfs, utgegdfh ei ghvgtidgôh
ghvgtidgôh
aés quf fe rftj, ei ghvgtidgôh fs i ku`ir, i fstir fh fe ajafhtj prfsfhtf fs ej gapjrtihtf. Ei ghvgtidgôh fs
i djapirtgr, sfhtgr, ku`ir y drfir. Vhj pirtgdgpihtf pjr ciagegi prfsfhti djh qugfhfs fsté.

# Fkfrdgdgj Aûsgdi Djhsg`hi

9 \jhmi mf Ghgdgj ―\gtaj‑   Hjs fhdjhtriajs djh ei ciagegi bidgfhmj uhi rjhmi, tjaimjs
Lihmuei mf eis aihjs y dimi dgfrtj ritj pjmfajs ilrgr ei rjhmi f gr i
agrir i eis ciagegis. Efs ghvgtiajs i djhfdtir djh fe \G]AJ y
fe mgscrutf mfe ajvgagfhtj.
< Diaghir djh Lihihgtj Dipgtéh, ^jmfr puesir fhtrf fe ajvgagfhtj y ei qugftum hjs pfragtf
‒Ajagi‗  Dihtgdufhtjs rfdjhjdfr ejs fstáauejs fxtfrhjs y sf`ugrejs, fhtjhdfs duihmj
fstf ei aûsgdi, hjs ajvfajs, diaghiajs, ligeiajs, duihmj
sf djrtf ei aûsgdi qufmiajs djh`feimjs.
Cffmlido djh fe ialgfhtf
4 Auùfdj mf ^iej I jcgdghi mj @fpftj, ^uesiajs fhtrf pjhfrhjs rá`gmjs y diaghir djaj piej y
Jswiemj Ajhtfhf`rj sjetirhjs y diaghir djaj auùfdjs mf tripj.
= Kuf`j mf Bjyi Bjyi, ^jhfrhjs mf idufrmjs `ridgis ie rgtaj.
^ieais Tfefsbf Miaissif Crfhtf icrfhtf, kuf`iajs kuhtihmj hufstris pieais y usiajs
hufstri drfitgvgmim piri ku`ir
6 Kuf`j mfe Irrjz djh Efdbf, ^imrfs/Aimrfs crfhtf i ejs bgkjs.
Fspfkj ^gjkjs y ^gjkgtjs - Djafhziajs ejs imuetjs, ejs quf eef`iajs prgafrj i ei rjhmi
Bippy (idipfeei mf ei vgmi.
djvfr), Iprfhmfr i pjhfrhjs fh fe eu`ir mf ejs jtrjs.
^birrfee Pgeegias
3 Sgikiajs Sgikf mf ejs  Hjs sfhtiajs fh ei iecjalri y hjs idjajmiajs qufmihmj
Ceiafhdjs, crfhtf i crfhtf tjaimjs pjr ejs bjalrjs y djafhziajs
Crihdgsdj Bfrrfri suivfafhtf i fstgrirhjs y ajvfrhjs viajs fh uhi lirdi bidgi
uhi gsei mfsdjhjdgmi.

  43
 

0 Diaghir Ei ^ihtfri \jsi Djafhziajs i diaghir djhjdgfhmj fstf eu`ir mfsdjhjdgmj.

Tg`gejsj Djhfxgôh djh tu prjpgj rgtaj, tu tgfrri, tus riádfs.
2 Ihgaiefs Mihdgh` ]rglfs, Eef`iajs i uhi sfevi mjhmf fsté eefhj mf ihgaiefs pipés y
 Ihu`iai aiais f bgkjs… ejs puais fhsfùéhmjefs i sus bgkjs i
mfcfhmfrsf… ejs jsjs fhsfùihmj i lusdir djagmi… ejs
fefcihtfs liùihmj i sus bgkjs...ejs ajhjs lusdihmj pgjkjs i
sus bgkjs… 
7 Mfsdihsjs ]rjpgdie Cjrfst Ejs ajhgtjs sf rfeikirjh y efs mgj sufùj.
Ejs eefviajs ie rf`izj y ejs iduhiajs… mfsdihsiajs… 
9> Mfspfrtir Lg` leuf, Ejs ajhgtjs sjùirjh quf frih mfecghfs y djagfhzih i
 Frgd Tfrré mfspeizirsf pjr fe pgsj, iprfhmfh mf sus pimrfs/aimrfs i trivçs
mfe djhtidtj, dizih pfdfs, sietih y kuf`ih.
99 Sufej fh Ceg`bt jc tbf Fi`ef, Eef`ih i ei peiyi mjhmf fstéh eis `ivgjtis y djagfhzih i vjeir.
Eglfrtim  \jeih Bihhfaih
9< \jhmi Cghie Ei Iecjalri mf \jhmis fh Ciagegi.
Fstialue,
 Idbu
Duimrj 9=; Tfsgôh mf Lgjmihzi fh Ciagegis Jheghf mf Siefrgi Sfri Lfr`fr  

EGHFIAGFH]JT @FHF\IEFT ^I\I ]IEEF\FT

Lgjmihzi tgfhf uhi `rih dihtgmim mf tieefrfs djh uhi aftjmjej`ái fspfdácgdi. Fstjs tieefrfs sf fstumgih
djaj fxtfhsgjhfs j ipegdidgjhfs, uhi vfz quf fe cidgegtimjr bi f`rfsimj y sf bi tgtueimj mf ei fsdufei mf
cjraidgôh fh Lgjmihzi. Fs gapjrtihtf tjaireis yi quf ipegdih tçdhgdis, pirimg`ais y aftjmjej`áis
fspfdgiefs. ^jr fkfapej, ei fxtfhsgôh Gmfhtgmim y ei Iequgagi mf ejs = Fefafhtjs (fxtfhsgôh) hj fs ej
agsaj quf Lgjmihzi y ejs = Fefafhtjs u jtrj tieefr quf sf mfsirrjeei mfsmf jtrj pirimg`ai djh aés
fefafhtjs. Tgh falir`j, fh tjmjs fstjs tieefrfs y jtrjs aés, fh `fhfrie, biy quf djhsgmfrir dgfrtjs
fefafhtjs fh djaûh. Ej gapjrtihtf mf uh tieefr fs iprjvfdbir eis fhfr`áis hituriefs mf uh `rupj.

 Mfsirrjeeir
 Mfsirrjeeir uhi aftjmjej`
aftjmjej`ái
ái trihsvfrsie
trihsvfrsie piri rfiegzir
rfiegzir tjmjs
tjmjs ejs tieefrfs
tieefrfs mf Lgjmihzi
Lgjmihzi fs uhi
uhi prjpufsti
prjpufsti
 auy irrgfs`imi,
irrgfs`imi, sgh falir`j, djh vgstis i mir uhi gmfi, hjs ivfhtu
ivfhturiajs
riajs i ei sg`ugfhtf prjpufsti, i
 pfsir mf quf audbjs tieefrfs
tieefrfs hj sf ikustih djh fsti prjpufst
prjpufsti
i pjr su aftjmjej`ái fspfdácg
fspfdácgdi
di (tieefrfs
 djh eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi
vgvfhdgi mf sfxuiegmim djaj bgej djhmudtjr, Aghjtiurj, Ghdjhsdgfhtf Huaghjsj, ftd.).
 Fstj sjej fs uhi vgsgôh `ejlie djh djhsgmfridgjhfs
djhsgmfridgjhfs aftjmjeô`gdis
aftjmjeô`gdis piri fe mfsirrjeej mf uh tieefr
 jr`éhgdj..
 jr`éhgdj

  40
 

Tupjh`iajs quf viajs i mgdtir uh tieefr quf fsté sfpirimj fh mjs aômuejs fh ei aiùihi mfe mái sélimj,
mjs aômuejs fe sélimj fh ei tirmf, uh aômuej fh ei tirmf hjdbf mfe sélimj, mjs aômuejs fe mjagh`j fh
ei aiùihi y mjs aômuejs fe mjagh`j fh ei tirmf.

^rgafr Aômuej mfe Télimj fh ei Aiùihi (aés imrfhçr`gdj quf djeghçr`gdj)

Fstf aômuej sf diridtfrgzi pjr sf`ugr prghdgpieafhtf ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf Sgtiegmim y Icfdtgvgmim.
Djafhzir fe tieefr iprjvfdbihmj ei fhfr`ái djh ei quf eef`ih eis pfrsjhis, pjhgfhmj çhcisgs fh fkfrdgdgjs
mf ghtf`ridgôh `rupie, ghtf`ridgôh ajtjri, aés fe tfai i tritir (Tg fe tieefr cufri mf ‒= Fefafhtjs‗, ei
sfsgôh tfhmrái quf djhsgmfrir mihzis mf ejs = fefafhtjs, mjhmf fs gapjrtihtf trihsagtgr auy lgfh ei
duiegmim mf dimi mihzi (fe fefafhtj purj). Tg cufsf jtrj tieefr, fh fstf aômuej, sf trilikih eis duiegmimfs
 lésgdis mf eis mihzis quf sf vih i trilikir trihsvfrsieafhtf murihtf fe mfsirrjeej mfe tieefr). Fh jtri deisf
mf tieefrfs sf prjpjhfh fkfrdgdgjs mf Sgtiegmim, Drfitgvgmim y Icfdtgvgmim, ftd.

Tf`uhmj Aômuej mfe Télimj fh ei Aiùihi (aés imrfhçr`gdj quf djeghçr`gdj)

Fstf aômuej sf diridtfrgzi pjr sf`ugr prghdgpieafhtf ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf Sgtiegmim y Icfdtgvgmim,
ghtrjmudgfhmj yi ei ]risdfhmfhdgi. Tf`ugr iprjvfdbihmj ei fhfr`ái mf eis pfrsjhis, pjtfhdgir fe fefafhtj
sfaéhtgdj mfe tieefr y djafhzir i prjcuhmgzir fh fkfrdgdgjs djeghçr`gdjs i pirtgr mf fkfrdgdgjs imrfhçr`gdjs
imrfhçr `gdjs
(sg fe tieefr cufri mf = Fefafhtjs, djafhziráiajs i prjcuhmgzir fh fe fefafhtj tgfrri, iprjvfdbihmj fe
tridf rátagdj prjpgj mf fstf fefafhtj). Fh jtri deisf mf tieefrfs sf prjpjhfh fkfrdgdgjs mf Sgtiegmim y
]risdfhmfhdgi, fapfzihmj i prjcuhmgzir djh fkfrdgdgjs mf Icfdtgvgmim. Fh fstf aômuej, hj fs hfdfsirgj
rfiegzir audbjs fkfrdgdgjs mf ghtf`ridgôh ajtjri y `rupie, yi quf fe `rupj yi fsté ghtf`rimj (Duimrihtfs
G y GG aés djrtjs ipegdihmj rfmuddgôh mf duimrihtfs).

^rgafr Aômuej mfe Télimj fh ei ]irmf (aés djeghçr`gdj quf imrfhçr`gdj)

Fstf aômuej sf diridtfrgzi pjr sf`ugr prghdgpieafhtf ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf Icfdtgvgmim y ]risdfhmfhdgi.
]risdfhmf hdgi.

Ei `fhtf vufevf mfe ieaufrzj, pjr ej quf eis fhfr`áis fstéh ieftir`imis mflgmj ie ieaufrzj. ^jr ej tihtj,
 pjmfajs utgegzir fstf fstimj hiturie piri prjcuhmgzir fh fkfrdgdgjs djeghçr`gdjs (sg fe tieefr cufri mf =

  42
 

Fefafhtjs, djafhziráiajs i prjcuhmgzir fh fe fefafhtj i`ui). Fh jtri deisf mf tieefrfs sf prjpjhfh

fkfrdgdgjs mf Icfdtgvgmim y ]risdfhmfhdgi.

Tf`uhmj Aômuej mfe Télimj fh ei ]irmf (aés djeghçr`gdj quf imrfhçr`gdj)

Fstf aômuej sf diridtfrgzi pjr sf`ugr prghdgpieafhtf ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf Icfdtgvgmim y ]risdfhmfhdgi.
]risdfhmf hdgi.
Tg fe tieefr tfraghi djh fstf aômuej, rfdjrmir quf fs gapjrtihtf dfrrir fe mái djh fe ―trguhcj mfe iajr‑. Tg
ei `fhtf pfrhjdti fh fe eu`ir, ei ûetgai vgvfhdgi pufmf tfraghir fh sfagtrihdf. Tg fe tieefr sg`uf djh uhi
vgvfhdgi aés (aômuej tirmf-hjdbf), pjmfajs iprjvfdbir fstf aômuej piri prjcuhmgzir ej ihtfs pjsglef
ejs fkfrdgdgjs djeghçr`gdjs mf Icfdtgvgmim, ]risdfhmfhdgi j Tfxuiegmim, piri siegr djh fkfrdgdgjs aés
imrfhçr`gdjs mf Drfitgvgmim y Sgtiegmim, dugmihmj fe mjaghgj djeghçr`gdj mf fstf aômuej (sg fe tieefr cufri
mf = Fefafhtjs, djafhziráiajs i prjcuhmgzir fh fe fefafhtj igrf).

]frdfr Aômuej mfe Télimj fh ei ]irmf-Hjdbf (aés djeghçr`gdj quf imrfhçr`gdj)

Fstf aômuej sf diridtfrgzi pjr sf`ugr prghdgpieafhtf ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf Tfxuiegmim y/j rgtuiefs fh ei
eáhfi mf ]risdfhmfhdgi djaj bgej djhmudtjr sgh egagtir jtris eáhfis mf vgvfhdgi. Fs uhi sfsgôh aés djrti,
yi quf vi qufmihmj afhjs fhfr`ái
fhfr` ái (ei `fhtf yi fsté aés dihsimi). Fs uh fxdfefhtf ajafhtj piri uh rgtuie
(rgtuie mfe cuf`j, irdgeei fh fe rjstrj, ftd.) j uhi sfsgôh mf sfxuiegmim (sg cufri uh tieefr mf = Fefafhtjs,
trilikiajs djh ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf Tfxuiegmim, hj djhcuhmgr sfxuiegmim j rgtuie mfe cuf`j djh fe
fefafhtj cuf`j), dugmihmj mf hj i`jtir tjmi ei fhfr`ái mf ei `fhtf, pufs Lgjmihzi lusdi quf ei `fhtf sf
vghduef.

^rgafr Aômuej mfe Mjagh`j fh ei Aiùihi (aés imrfhçr`gdj quf djeghçr`gdj)

Fstf aômuej sf diridtfrgzi pjr sf`ugr prghdgpieafhtf ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf Sgtiegmim, Icfdtgvgmim y
]risdfhmfhdgi. Ei `fhtf bi rfdupfrimj fhfr`ái, pjr ej quf rftjaiajs fe diaghj imrfhçr`gdj, djh
 puesidgjhfs bidgi ei djeghfr`gi (sg fe tieefr cufri mf = Fefafhtjs, djafhziráiajs i prjcuhmgzir fh fe

fefafhtj cuf`j). Fh fstf aômuej, sf rftjaih ie`uhjs fkfrdgdgjs mf ghtf`ridgôh ajtjri y `rupie.

  47
 

Tf`uhmj Aômuej mfe Mjagh`j fh ei Aiùihi (fqugeglrgj imrfhçr`gdj - djeghçr`gdj)

Fstf aômuej sf diridtfrgzi pjr sf`ugr prghdgpieafhtf ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf Icfdtgvgmim y ]risdfhmfhdgi.
]risdfhmf hdgi.
^jr fe mfs`istf hiturie mf ei fhfr`ái mf ejs pirtgdgpihtfs mfe tieefr, fstjs sf fhdufhtrih fh uh fstimj mf
rfeitgvj dihsihdgj, pjr ej quf sf prjpjhfh fkfrdgdgjs fqugeglrimjs fhtrf ei imrfhfr`gi y djeghfr`gi (sg fe

tieefr cufri mf = Fefafhtjs, djafhziráiajs djh fkfrdgdgjs mf ghtf`ridgôh mf ejs duitrj Fefafhtjs).

^rgafr Aômuej mfe Mjagh`j fh ei ]irmf (djagfhzj mfe trguhcj mfe iajr)

Fstf aômuej sf diridtfrgzi pjr sf`ugr prghdgpieafhtf ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf Sgtiegmim, ]risdfhmfhdgi y
Icfdtgvgmim. Fh fstf aômuej sf djagfhzih i tjair ejs iprfhmgzikfs mfe cgh mf sfaihi, mihmj eis ûetgais
jpjrtuhgmimfs mf rfiegzir fkfrdgdgjs mf trihsautidgôh
trihsauti dgôh ghtfhsjs fh rfeidgôh ie djhtfxtj mfe tieefr (sg fe tieefr
cufri mf = Fefafhtjs, tjair ejs iprfhmgzikfs mfe tieefr y trihscjrairejs fh ejs ―trguhcjs mfe iajr ‑ quf
fstjs fefafhtjs pfragtfh).

Tf`uhmj Aômuej mfe Mjagh`j fh ei ]irmf (fxdeusgvj piri fe ―trguhcj mfe iajr‑)

Fstf aômuej sf diridtfrgzi pjr sf`ugr prghdgpieafhtf ei eáhfi mf vgvfhdgi mf ]risdfhmfhdgi, Icfdtgvgmim
y Sgtiegmim. Fsti sfsgôh tgfhf uhi duiegmim rgtuie, i vfdfs fs aés djrti, mjhmf fs gapjrtihtf fe trilikj
sgalôegdj (sg fe tieefr cufri mf = Fefafhtjs sf pjmrái cghiegzir djh fe fkfrdgdgj Aihmiei djh rfeidgôh i ejs
duitrj fefafhtjs).

 Fhtfhmfajs
 Fhtfhmfajs quf fstis `uáis hj sf ikustih djh audbjs tieefrfs mf Lgjmihzi
Lgjmihzi y quf hgh`ûh aihuie
aihuie
 aftjmjeô`gdj
 aftjmjeô`gdj pufmf ilirdir
ilirdir su fspárgtu,
fspárgtu, sgh falir`j,
falir`j, pfragtfh
pfragtfh uhi afmgtidgôh
afmgtidgôh `ejlie mf djaj
djaj tjair
fh dufhti eis djhmgdgjhfs lgjeô`gdis mfe `rupj (sufùj, bialrf, sfm, ftd.) quf pfragtfh bidfr mfe tieefr
uh diaghj jr`éhgdj. 

  =>
 

 ^iri quf uh
uh érlje pufmi
pufmi fxtfhmfrsf
fxtfhmfrsf i ei euz mfe
mfe dgfej,
 sus riádfs mflfh fxtfhmfrsf
fxtfhmfrsf i ej
ej aés prjcuhmj
prjcuhmj mf ei jsdurgmim
jsdurgmim mf ei tgfrri.

 Ei puhti mf
mf ei ajhtiùi
ajhtiùi quf sf fefvi ie dgfej,
dgfej,
 sf sjstgfhf fh eis prjcuhmgmim
prjcuhmgmimfs
fs mf ei tgfrri.
tgfrri.

 Agfhtris ais
ais jsduri ei hjdbf, aés
aés euaghjsis sf
sf vfh eis fstrfeeis.

Tf mgdf quf hgh`ûh érlje pufmf drfdfr bisti fe dgfej

 i afhjs quf
quf sus riádfs
riádfs eef`ufh ie ghcgfrhj. D.
D. @. Kuh`

Hjti mfe Fmgtjr;

Ejs Aihuiefs mf Aftjmjej`ái Djapefafhtirgjs Sjeuafh G y GG, sjh uh prjyfdtj quf lusdi ipjrtir i ei
djauhgmim Lgjmihzihtf djh mgrfdtrgdfs quf cidgegtfh eis lufhis prédtgdis mfe sgstfai mf Lgjmihzi drfimj
pjr \jeihmj ]jrj Irihmi. Djhsgfhtfs quf iuh qufmi audbj pjr ipjrtir y afkjrir, fstiajs ilgfrtjs i
rfdglgr sus ipjrtfs fh ispfdtjs quf iûh hj sf bih mfsirrjeeimj y quf sf pufmfh ihiegzir piri djapefafhtir
fh cuturis fmgdgjhfs mf fstjs aihuiefs. Tus su`frfhdgis ie faige  mjajeirfghiN`aige.dja.. 
faige mjajeirfghiN`aige.dja

  =9