VGKSF_]K@B@ PFDGEIEDKMB @F LEG@V_B]

Bsidgbturb --------------------------------Nimrefmegenîb

Mbtf`râtimb ------------------------------@rb. Nbrtlb Zb`iiib.

Prbobje-----------------------------------Drupbi #2 drupe 6
Meer`igb`erb `fi drupe -----------------]bi`b [isfib ]âgmlfz.

Kgtfdrbgtfs -------------------------------]fiiy Biegze ]âgmlfz

Mufgtb.-----------------------------------2:23 2:: 4:: :0

]bi`b [isfib ]âgmlfz __esbifs
2:23 2:: 3: =30

Tfg`y ]brblî Ifivb Nerfge

2:24 2:: 4:: <=
]bgtes Xiifzai Britb Nfries
2:2; 2:: 2:: 24

Hesuë @bgifi Sbi`fz

Mbsme 2:26 2:: 22: ;;
 

Kgtre`ummiýg

Ib ne`b pesioifnfgtf te`e fi nug`e ib rfibmiegb meg menprbr vfg`fr e mbnoibr bide, ib rfbii`b`

fs quf ib ne`b vifgf `fs`f numle tifnpe `fs`f quf fi sfr lunbge sf eridigý mene tbi, yb quf

`fs`f fi igimie `f ib ne`b sf nbrmb per nbrmb ugb `icfrfgmib y fi sfr `icfrfgtf b etrbs pfrsegbs,

ib ne`b prigmipbinfgtf fs bide ug fstiie e `isfñe ftm.… quf sf fstboifmf `fgtre `f ugb

semif`b` mrfbg`e ugb prfcfrfgmib per ugb nbrmb, `isfñe, meier ftm.… vifg`e `fs`f fi Zugte `f

vistb

@f nfrmb`e sf megemf mene te`e bqufiie quf fstâ fg megstbgtf menpftfgmib `fgtre `f

ug iudbr e ug nf`ie, `eg`f fg ib nbyerîb `f vfmfs sf `fsbrreiibg vbries menpfti`erfs ies

mubifs sifnprf fstâg fg megstbgtf nevinifgte, ib ne`b puf`f sfr nbrmb`e per `icfrfgtfs

cbmterfs mene iudbr, miinb, tfnperb`b ftm.… fste ges ig`imb quf sifnprf quf fxistf ug mbnoie

fg ib semif`b`

 puf`f quf fxistb ug mbnoie fg ib ne`b.

Ib ne`b sifnprf lb si`e utiiizb`b mene nf`ie `f nfrmb`e `fgtre `f te`bs ibs fnprfsbs

mubg`e ugb fnprfsb ousmb ib ne`b mene nf`ie `f fgtrbr b menpftir fg ug nfrmb`e fs ugb

drbg

epertugi`b` `f menfrmie tbgte igtfrge mene fxtfrge.

Fi nfrmb`e ib nbyerîb `f vfmfs fs nbrmb`e per fstes cbmterfs, ies mubifs mb`b pfrsegb

tifgf quf fifdir per sus prfcfrfgmibs e gfmfsi`b`fs fste ge quifrf `fmir quf øgimbnfgtf ib ne`b

sfb ib quf vbyb b nbrmbr ib tfg`fgmib `fi nfrmb`e pfre si fg drbg pbrtf, bidugbs fnprfsbs

`fmi`fg

 per ie trb`imiegbi e ie bgtidue quf tbnoiëg fs ug nf`ie `eg`f numlbs pfrsegbs tifgfg sus
 prfcfrfgmibs.
 

Ne`b y Nfrmb`e

Fi `fsbrreiie `f ibs pfrsegbs `fgtre `f fstf nug`e quf mb`b `îb ges trbf b nâs y nâs

 preoifnbs `f `fsbrreiie e mb`b vfz sf lbmf `f ugb cernb nâs `icîmii fs ie quf mb`b `îb

trbtbnes mene sfrfnes lunbges fi pe`fr frrb`imbr e supfrbrges uges meg etres fs per fse

quf gbmf fi nfrmb`e bi quf iibnbnes menøgnfgtf quf fs fi sinpif mlequf e

fgcrfgtbnifgte quf tifgf

fnprfsbs e fgti`b`fs meg supfrbrsf y supfrbr b ibs etrbs per ugb prfcfrfgmib `f ig`ivi`ues.

Ruf fs fi nfrmb`e, fs fi nf`ie fg fi mubi ges `fsbrreiibnes prâmtimbnfgtf b `ibrie, fi

nfrmb`e sf fgmbrdb `f fstboifmfr prfmies, vbribmiegfs, menpbrbmiegfs ftm. Fstf ges nufstrb

mýne sf fgmufgtrb ug pre`umte fg mubgte b prfcfrfgmibs `f ies ig`ivi`ues ies mubifs seg ies

fgmbrdb`es

`f nbgfje y fifmmiýg `f quifg fgtrb e sbif `fi nfrmb`e per `fmisiýg prepib.

Fi nfrmb`e puf`f sfr `ivi`i`e per fstrbtes e mene sf if iibnb per ugb sfdnfgtbmiýg `f

nfrmb`e fi mubi ges byu`b b `icfrfgmibr `istigtes nfrmb`es fg ies quf ge puf`f fgtrbr b menpftir

uge meg etre per ib øgimb rbzýg quf ge sf fgmufgtrbg fg ib nisnb mbii`b` `f meg`imiegfs per ie

quf sf nbgfjbg `fs`f pugtes `f vistb `istigtes, `eg`f mb`b pfrsegb sfr `iridf sifnprf bi

nfrmb`e bi quf pfrtfgfmf e bi quf gfmfsitb `iridirsf.

@fgtre `fi nfrmb`e puf`fg lbofr numles cbmterfs quf bcfmtbg mene per fjfnpie,
fi

`fsfnpife fi megsune, mubg`e fxistf `fnbsib`e `fsfnpife ie quf embsiegb fs ug gfdbmiýg per

 pbrtf `f ibs megsuni`erfs bgtf mubiquifr ecfrtb quf sf fstë prfsfgtbg`e `f pre`umte e sfrvimie yb

quf fg fstf mbse ib pfrsegb menprb`erb `fmi`f øgimbnfgtf ge per veiugtb` prepib sige tbnoiëg
Fg obsf b etrbs mirmugstbgmibs fg fstf mbse fi `fsfnpife, ie quf ib iifvbrb sfdurbnfgtf b eptbr

per ib epmiýg nâs fmegýnimb e bmmfsioif sfdøg sf prfsfgtf ib ecfrtb.

Ib ne`b sf `fsbrreiib fg mimies fg fi mubi numlbs vfmfs fstbnes igveiumrb`es sig `brges

mufgtb fg fi nf`ie quf ges nbgfjfnes fstbnes prepfgses b mbfr fg ëi , ib megstrummiýg

ib

 puoiimi`b`, Sfstubrie ftm... Ib ne`b ge fs sinpifnfgtf trbtbr `f igtre`umir ugb tfg`fgmib `fgtre

`fi pøoiime ie mubi puf`f quf fg bidøg nenfgte rfsuitf pfre ies `es pugtes pbrb quf ib ne`b

tfgdb ëxite `fofg megvfrdfr ibs prepufstbs `fi nfrmb`e y ib ftbpb `f sfgsioiii`b` quf fstë

pbsbg`e fi pøoiime.

Meg fi pbse `f ies bñes fi nfrmb`e fstâ sifg`e igciufgmib`e per ibs merrifgtfs `f ne`b ibs

mubifs trbobjbg mene tfg`fgmibs e merrifgtfs quf surdfg `f nbgfrb mrfmifgtf f igciuyfg b drbg

 pbrtf `f ig`ivi`ues, puf`fg fxistir ne`bs quf eotfgdbg nbyerfs permfgtbjfs `f prfcfrfgmib e

igciufgmib `fgtre `f ib peoibmiýg ie quf dfgfrbrb nbyer epertugi`b` `fgtre `fi nfrmb`e
`f

`fsbrreiibrsf râpi`bnfgtf y `f nbgfrb fxpegfgmibi `fgtre `f ug iudbr fspfmîcime.

Pfgfnes quf tenbr fg mufgtb fi nfrmb`e sifnprf fs nbgfjb`e per numles bspfmtes ie

quf ges `imf quf nifgtrbs nâs drbg`f sfb ib ne`b e meg nbyer permfgtbjf `f igciufgmib ibs

fnprfsbs quf fstâg menpitifg`e fgtrf fiibs tfg`râg ugb nbyer epertugi`b` `f nfrmb`e

`foi`e b quf fi nfrmb`e bi quf sf fstâ prepegifg`e tifgf ug nbyer permfgtbjf `f igciufgmib ie

quf embsiegbrb ugb nbyer vfgtb y menprb `foi`e b ib ne`b.

Meg fi tifnpe lbg surdi`e mbnoies `fgtre `f ib semif`b` per fjfnpie lby ne`bs quf

 pesioifnfgtf fstëg pbrb etre tipe `f sfdnfgte semibi nâs sig fnobrde lby fnprfsbs quf

sf fgmbrdbg `f mrfbr nfrmb`e pbrb fstes sfdnfgtes nâs objes, `fvbiøbg prfmies mrfbg`e rfpiimbs

ie
quf fste megvifrtf b nfrmb`es sfdnfgtb`es fg uge seie `foi`e b quf ib ne`b puf`f iifdbr lbmib

te`b muiturb y btrfvfs `f te`es ies nf`ie `eg`f te`e pøoiime puf`b tfgfr bmmfse.

Ley fg `îb pe`fnes eosfrvbr quf te`e tipe `f nfrmb`es fstâg utiiizbg`e ib ne`b mene

 prigmipbi nf`ie `f prepbdbmiýg `f nbrmb, mene per fjfnpie , ibs menpbñîbs `f butenýviifs

fstâg trbobjbg`e cufrtfnfgtf fg ie quf fs ib ne`b fg Sfstinfgtb y bmmfseries, utiiizbg ib

nbrmb

fstboifmi`b quf fg fstf mbse sfrîb ib `f ies vflîmuies pbrb prepimibr ugb tfg`fgmib `f

repb y bmmfseries fg fi quf sfdurbnfgtf ib peoibmiýg sf vfb btrbî`b `foi`e b inbdfg cufrtf quf

pibsnb ib menpbñîb `f vflîmuies per ie quf ifs fs nâs câmii sfr `f igciufgmib fg fi pøoiime.

Zer fse `fcigines b ib ne`b mene prigmipbi igciuyfgtf fg fi nfrmb`e nbs ge fi

øgime

`fgtre `fi nfrmb`e pfre si tifgf ugb pbrtf inpertbgtf ib mubi `fofnes megsi`frbr `fgtre `f

gufstrb fnprfsb b ib lerb `f trbzbr eojftives, tenbr fg mufgtb fste pbrb quf fg ug cuture ges

puf`b sfr `f byu`b y ug pius fg fi mubi sf ges lbrâ numle nâs câmii fi trbobje `f ib fnprfsb y

te`e ciuirâ `f ugb nbgfrb nâs fcimifgtf.

 Megmiusiegfs

   FI ëxite df Ia neda dfpfgdf si sf jugtag des tipes df merrifgtfs Ia df

sfgsioiIidad pøoIima y prepufstas df nfrmade.

   Ia neda y fI ëxite sifnprf fstág megfmtades fg drag partf, ya quf seg

menpIfnfgtf uge df etra.

   FI dfsarreIIe dfI nfrmade sifnprf dfpfgdfrá fg drag partf df Ia neda.

   Vga tfgdfgmia ge sifnprf narmara e fstaoIfmfrá uga neda fg fI puoIime.

   @fofnes saofr quf nedas fxtrafr y muáIfs sfrág df drag ayuda dfpfgdifgde

dfI nfrmade fg fI quf ges nagfjfnes y rfaIizar igvfrsiegfs adfmuadas.

   FI nfrmade sf sfdnfgta per fstrates semiaIfs, Ia neda fsta igveIumrada, a pfsar

dfI nfrmade fstar sfdnfgtade sifnprf fxistf Ia pesioiIidad df quf Ia neda

IIfduf a tedes Ies sfdnfgtes df nfrmade.

   Ia neda dfof sfr tenada fg mufgta dfsdf fI nenfgte quf sf trazag Ies

eojftives y tanoiëg sfr fvaIuadas duragtf fI tragsmurse df Ias amtividadfs

metidiagas df uga manpaña e fstratfdia df nfrmade.

 

Oioiiedrbcîb

   www.rbme.mbt/ig`fx.plp/@btbtfxtii/brtimif/`ewgieb`/2<4=33/=466;6 

  lttps8//fs.wiaipfdia.erd/wiai/Menfrmie 
   lttps8//fs.wiaipfdia.erd/wiai/Neda 
  
VGKSF_]K@B@ PFMGEIÝDKMB @F LEG@V_B]

Bsidgbturb --------------------------------Nimrefmegenîb

Mbtf`râtimb ------------------------------@rb. Nbrtlb Zb`iiib.

Prbobje-----------------------------------Drupbi #2

Meer`igb`erb `fi drupe -----------------]bi`b [isfib ]âgmlfz.

Kgtfdrbgtfs -------------------------------]fiiy Biegze ]âgmlfz

Mufgtb.-----------------------------------2:23 2:: 4:: :0

]bi`b [isfib ]âgmlfz __esbifs

2:23 2:: 3: =30

Tfg`y ]brblî Ifivb Nerfge
2:24 2:: 4:: <=
]bgtes Xiifzai Britb Nfries
2:2; 2:: 2:: 24
Hesuë @bgifi Sbi`fz
Mbsme 2:26 2:: 22 :;;
 Kgtre`ummiýg

Fg fi siduifgtf fgsbye rfbiizbrf ug bgâiisis precug`e `fi iiore pb`rf rime pb`rf peorf buterîb `f
_eofrt Aiyesbai, quifg per nf`ie `f fstf iiore pibgtfb mubifs seg ibs mbrbmtfrîstimbs `f ugb
pfrsegb fxitesb y ibs `f ugb pfrsegb peorf, fgtfg`ifg`e ib inpertbgmib quf tifgf ib cernbmiýg
quf sf `f fg fi ledbr bmfrmb `f cigbgzbs, nbgfje `fi rifsde, rfibmiýg meg ibs peiîtimbs
pøoiimbs, fgtrf etres. Zrinfre bgbiizbrf fi fjfnpie `f ]lbreg Ifmltfr, pbrb pe`fr fgtfg`fr fi
runoe quf fstâ tenbg`e ib semif`b` bmtubi, `fsfstinbg`e fg drbg nf`i`b fi megmfpte `f
fstu`ibr pbrb triugcbr igmiuyfg`e gufves meg`imiegbifs mene ib igtfiidfgmib cigbgmifrb, fg
sfdug`e iudbr tenbrf fg mufgtb ib
`fsmripmiýg `b`b per fi buter fg rfibmiýg b ibs mbrbmtfrîstimbs `f ug pb`rf rime y `f ug pb`rf
peorf, quifgfs jufdbg ug pbpfi cug`bnfgtbi fg fi `fsbrreiie fxitese `f sus cbniiibs fg fi ânoite
fmegýnime `f ib semif`b`, per uitine bgbiizbrf ibs peiîtimbs quf prepegf aiyesbai fg pre `f
iifdbr

bi ëxite fmegýnime y pe`fr sfr megsi`frb`b ugb pfrsegb rimb.

 Fgsbye pb`rf rime pb`rf peorf

Fi iiore pbrtf `fs`f ib cbniiib `f ]lbreg Ifmltfr y ib igquiftu` quf tifgf uge `f sus lijes bmfrmb
`f µZer quë fstu`ibr5 ]boifg`e quf ies lenorfs nâs fxiteses `fi nug`e lboîbg megsfdui`e sus
tîtuies y su pe`fr sig gfmfsi`b` `f muinigbr ies fstu`ies quf mursbobg, bi megtrbrie ibs pfrsegbs
quf trbobjbobg Sivibg negýtegbnfgtf, numlbs vfmfs sig ug runoe sfdure, `fjbg`e fg nbges
`fi sistfnb fi cuture `f fiies y sus cbniiibs mene ie rfcifjb ib siduifgtf bcirnbmiýg `fi lije `f
]lbreg, tfrnigbrë mene tø, trbobjbg`e mb`b vfz nâs `ure tbg sýie pbrb pbdbr nâs inpufstes y
tfgfr nâs
`fu`bs. Ley fg `îb ge fxistf yb sfduri`b` fg fi trbobje1 lf fsmumlb`e te`e bmfrmb `f rf`ummiegfs
`f pfrsegbi y rfbjustfs merperbtives. Pbnoiëg së quf bmtubinfgtf ies drb`ub`es `f
ibs ugivfrsi`b`fs dbgbg nfges `f ie quf dbgbobs tø mubg`e tf drb`ubstf (Niybzbai, 2::0,
p.23) fs mibre quf ]lbreg lboîb mrfmi`e obje uges ne`fies nuy `icfrfgtfs, fg ies mubifs fi
fstu`ie frb obsf

`fi ëxite, fiies ie iibnbg ib cýrnuib `fi ëxite, pfre numlbs vfmfs fstf sistfnb ies iifvbob b ge
tfgfr mibre muâifs frbg sus nftbs y iifvbob b ibs pfrsegbs b ugb zegb `f megcert, `eg`f sfgtîbg quf
tfgîbg
ie quf gfmfsitbobg, pfre fstf pfgsbnifgte fs megcernistb y mibrbnfgtf ge fs ug mbnige pbrb
iedrbr fi ëxite, fi buter lbmf inpfrbtivb ib gfmfsi`b` `f bmtubr meg igtfiidfgmib, fspfmibinfgtf
meg ies gfdemies, pibgtfb fi rfte `f `fjbr `f sfr ug fsiboýg pfrcfmte fg ies ne`fies `f ëxite `f
ibs pfrsegbs meg fi pe`fr, per fi megtrbrie fs gfmfsbrie sfr ugb pfrsegb mbpbz `f trbsmfg`fr fg ies
gfdemies vfr nâs biiâ y sfr mbpbz `f brrifsdbr fg fi nenfgte gfmfsbrie, numle nâs fg ugb
semif`b` quf mb`b vfz fxpbg`f numle nâs ibs `icfrfgmibs fgtrf rimes y peorfs. ’tfgfnes `es
epmiegfs cug`bnfgtbifs8
 judbr b ib sfdurb e judbr `f nbgfrb igtfiidfgtf bi prfpbrbnes, f`umbnes y `fspfrtbr fg
gesetres nisnes y fg gufstres lijes fi dfgie cigbgmifre quf iifvbnes `fgtre„  (Aiyesbai, 2::0,
p.2;) fstb mitb rfcifjb fi mbnoie `f pbrb`idnb quf lb sucri`e ib semif`b` ne`frgb fg rfibmiýg b
ies ne`fies quf meg`umfg bi ëxite, fvi`fgmibg`e mene ibs pfrsegbs sig visiýg y bnbgtfs `f ibs
zegbs `f megcert vivfg cfiimfs rfmioifg`e sbibries objes y bsfdurbg`e ug nîgine pbrb suosistir
fg fi cuture, per fi megtrbrie fi quf fs zbdbs cigbgmifrbnfgtf sbof bprevfmlbr ibs epertugi`b`fs y
sbof bprevfmlbr ibs cbmiii`b`fs quf fi sistfnb if `b, numlbs vfmfs fi ëxite fstâ fg ib sbdbmi`b` y
fg ib rbpi`fz pbrb ies gfdemies quf fg ib mbgti`b` `f fstu`ies quf bmunuif ugb pfrsegb, `f gb`b
sirvf sbofr si ge sf iifvb b ib prâmtimb.
Blerb oifg pbrb Aiyesbai ib obsf `fi ëxite sf cug`bnfgtb fg fi ledbr y fg ib f`umbmiýg quf sf
inpbrtb b ies lijes, fs fg fstf nenfgte `eg`f fi fxpegf fi lfmle `f lbofr tfgi`e `es pb`rfs uge
meg pfgsbnifgtes objes, nif`eses y etre meg pfgsbnifgtes bites, fxpfmtbtivbs cufrtfs,
iibnâg`eies
 pb`rf peorf y pb`rf rime rfspfmtivbnfgtf, frb ug fjfnpie vfrî`ime fg ib vi`b `f aiyesbai,
mubg`e vivîb fg Lbwâi pu`e vivir fi fgcequf quf mb`b pb`rf tfgîb lbmib ib vi`b y fi ëxite
fmegýnime, bgbiizbg`e mene uge `f fiies iedre fi ëxite y fi etre ge, fi buter i`fgticimb `icfrfgtfs
mbrbmtfrîstimbs fg mb`b uge, fi pb`rf rime Gugmb cigbiizý ib f`umbmiýg sfmug`brib, ]f
trbgscerný fg ugb `f ibs
 pfrsegbs nâs rimbs `f Lbwâi, Megsi`frbob quf ’ib mbsb„ fs ug pbsive, Bmegsfjbob b Aiyesbai b
f`umbrsf pbrb sfr rime y pbrb fgtfg`fr mýne cugmiegb fi `igfre, Fg mubgte bi `igfre
bmegsfjbob Bprfg`fr b nbgfjbr fi rifsde, @fmîb ’Fi `igfre trbobjb pbrb nî„. Zer fi megtrbrie fi
pb`rf peorf frb Kgtfiidfgtf, ugivfrsitbrie, tfgîb ug `emterb`e,   Puve preoifnbs
fmegýnimes te`b su vi`b, Megsi`frbob quf ib mbsb fs ib nbyer igvfrsiýg y fi prigmipbi
bmtive, Bmegsfjbob b Aiyesbai b fstu`ibr numle, b`quirir ug tîtuie ugivfrsitbrie y ug oufg
fnpife pbrb eotfgfr `igfre, Fg mubgte

bi `igfre rfmenfg`bob Ge brrifsdbrsf, ir b ie sfdure, @fmîb ’Prbobje pbrb dbgbr `igfre„.

]eg i`feiedîbs menpiftbnfgtf `icfrfgtfs quf megtrb`imfg ib i`fb `f numlbs pfrsegbs

quf cug`bnfgtbg fi ëxite øgimbnfgtf fg fi fstu`ie, pfre sf eivi`bg `f ib inpertbgmib `f sfr
igtfiidfgtf cigbgmifrbnfgtf, numlbs vfmfs fi trbobje sfdure y nf`iemrf megiifvb b ugb zegb `f
megcert nuy
`icîmii `f supfrbr, yb quf sf vivf megvfgmi`e `f lbmfr ibs mesbs `f ib cernb nâs b`fmub`b pesioif
sig mbfr fg mufgtb quf uge sf lb megvfrti`e fg pifzb mibvf fg ib mb`fgb `f ies drbg`fs nbdgbtfs y
`f ibs pfrsegbs fxitesbs, quifgfs ge sf fscufrzbg `fnbsib`e yb quf drbmibs b sbofr nbgfjbr ies
rifsdes cigbgmifres seg mbpbmfs `f mrfbr ug sistfnb `eg`f fi trbobjb`er nf`iemrf lbmf ie
quf

 pe`rîbnes `fgenigbr ’ trbobje sumie„, pre`umifg`e fi fxmf`fgtf gfmfsbrie pbrb quf fi fnprfsbrie
fxitese puf`b sfduir igvirtifg`e y bmrfmfgtbg`e fxpegfgmibinfgtf sus dbgbgmibs, nifgtrbs quf
ibs dbgbgmibs `fi trbobjb`er menøg tifgfg ug mrfminifgte britnëtime. Zfre fi buter lbmf
fspfmibi ëgcbsis fg ib inpertbgmib quf tifgf ib cernbmiýg fmegýnimb y cigbgmifrb quf sf
inpbrtb fg ies ledbrfs, yb quf fstb `ftfrnigbrb fi menpertbnifgte `f ies ig`ivi`ues fg ib
semif`b`, fs biiî `eg`f aiyesbai fxpiimb ies menpertbnifgtes `fi pb`rf rime y fi peorf, nifgtrbs
fi pb`rf peorf igvitb b sus lijes b gugmb brrifsdbr, b fgcembrsf fg ug trbobje sfdure bsî ge ifs
dfgfrf ies nfjerfs givfifs
`f utiii`b`, fi pb`rf rime igvitb b su cbniiib b lboibr `f gfdemies, fgsfñb peiîtimbs pbrb
sbofr nbgfjbr fi rifsde, ifs pi`f b sus lijes vfr nâs biiâ `fi trbobje menøg, ifs igsistf fg sfr
iî`frfs, mibrbnfgtf fstes prfmfptes seg fi prinfr `ftfrnigbgtf quf tfg`râ ugb pfrsegb fg
cernbmiýg pbrb
ib rfibmiýg quf tfg`râ meg `ivfrses bnoifgtfs fmegýnimes y ie nâs preoboif fs quf ib f`umbmiýg
cigbgmifrb rfmioi`b `fs`f ib mbsb sf vfb rfcifjb`b fg sus trbgsbmmiegfs y `fmisiegfs `f gfdemibmiýg.

Vg pugte obstbgtf inpertbgtf quf sfdøg Aiyesbai nfgmiegb su pb`rf rime fs, ies peorfs y ib mibsf
nf`ib trbobjbg pbrb lbmfr `igfre, ies rimes lbmfg quf fi `igfre trbobjf pbrb fiies. (Aiyesbai, 2::0,

 p.=3) Meg fstb crbsf, fi pb`rf rime ousmbob `brif ib ifmmiýg `f quf ib seiumiýg b ies preoifnbs
cigbgmifres ge fs dbgbr nâs `igfre, perquf nifgtrbs nbyer sfb fi sufi`e `f ugb pfrsegb nâs `f
fg`fu`b, sige quf su prepib igtfiidfgmib fs ib quf `fof pegfrsf b trbobjbr pbrb dfgfrbr i`fbs
gufvbs quf tfgdbg ug inpbmte pesitive fg ibs fifmmiegfs cigbgmifrbs. Fs `fmir, ib mibvf `fi ëxite
fstâ fg fi
 oufg nbgfje `f ies rifsdes y ies rfmurses quf bmtubinfgtf sf tifgfg y quf per nf`ie `f
ib iggevbmiýg puf`fg iifdbr b nuitipiimbrsf. Fstb bcirnbmiýg megtrb`imf ib peiîtimb `fi ëxite
pepuibr quf inpuisb b ibs pfrsegbs b mbfr fg ugb trbnpb, `eg`f trbobjbg per sufi`es nuy objes b
mbnoie
`f ug fnpife sfdure, `eg`f fi nbyer preoifnb ge fs fi sufi`e obje sige ib cbitb `f f`umbmiýg
cigbgmifrb quf ge fs sunigistrb`b fg ib fsmufib, ie quf fs mbusb`e per fi nif`e b ge tfgfr `igfre
y fi `fsfe `f menprbr quf megstituyfg ugb pbrtf `ëoii `fi binb, ib mubi fi pb`rf rime sboîb quf
pe`îb menprbrsf y fstboifmîb ib rutigb `f ie quf fi `fgenigbob ’ib mbrrfrb `f ib rbtb„, fg ib
quf ibs
 pfrsegbs trbobjbg pbrb pbdbr sus mufgtbs y si dbgbg nâs `igfre igmrfnfgtbg sus dbstes.
]ig fnobrde, fxistf etrb pbrtf `fi binb quf ge puf`f menprbrsf perquf fs cirnf, mubiquifrb `f
ibs `es
 puf`f `enigbr fg fi sfr lunbge. @f ib ifmmiýg bgtfrier sf `frivb ugb i`fb seorf fi `igfre quf
`fof sfr `fsnfgti`b8 fi `igfre fiinigb fi nif`e b ge tfgfrie, pufs fstb i`fb tfrnigb
`enigbg`e ibs fifmmiegfs `f ies fgtfs cigbgmifres y rftifgf ib tenb `f rifsdes e `f
epertugi`b`fs quf rfprfsfgtbg inpertbgtfs mrfminifgtes `f ib utiii`b`.

Mubg`e fg iudbr `f sfr `enigb`b per fi pe`fr `fi `igfre ugb pfrsegb bprfg`f b `enigbrie, fstâ fg
mbpbmi`b` `f vivir ib iiofrtb` cigbgmifrb bi bimbgzbr ugb oøsquf`b megstbgtf `f bunfgtbr ib riqufzb
`fi megeminifgte y ge dirbr fg terge bi `igfre. Mubg`e ies bmtives seg ie sucimifgtfnfgtf drbg`fs
mene pbrb mrfmfr per si seies, fxistf ib iiofrtb` `f fifdir si trbobjbr e ge, sig bcfmtbr fi mrfminifgte
`f ies `frfmles cigbgmifres. Iufde `f fstboifmfr ib inpertbgmib `f ib f`umbmiýg fg cigbgzbs mene
fg megtboiii`b`, bpbrfmf ib gfmfsi`b` `f sbofr `icfrfgmibr fgtrf bmtives y pbsives, y fg quë
nf`i`b b`quiriries. Fs fg fstb pbrtf `fi iiore `eg`f fi buter lbmf rfcfrfgmib bi tërnige ’bptitu`
cigbgmifrb„
`eg`f fi prigmipie cug`bnfgtbi ge fs bprfg`fr b lbmfr fi `igfre sige b dbstbrie, fi mubi

vb bmenpbñb`e `f mubtre prfdugtbs oâsimbs8 quë lbmfr meg fi `igfre ugb vfz dbstb`e, mene

fvitbr quf
ies `fnâs sf ie quitfg, mubgte tifnpe megsfrvbrie, y mýne lbmfr quf trbobjbr fsf `igfre pbrb
ustf`. Fi pb`rf rime bcirnb ’ib riqufzb fs ib mbpbmi`b` `f ugb pfrsegb pbrb seorfvivir mifrte
gønfre `f
`îbs fg fi cuture… e `imle `f etre ne`e8 si `fje `f trbobjbr ley, µmubgtes `îbs seorfvivirë meg fi
`igfre quf pesfe5„ (Aiyesbai, 2::0, p.62) [ b`fnâs lbmf ëgcbsis fg quf ib nfjer nbgfrb
`f menfgzbr fi mbnige `f ib riqufzb fs premurbg`e b`quirir nâs bmtives y rf`umifg`e ies
pbsives. Fs
 pesioif quf bi lboibr `f ib mrfbmiýg `f bmtives surjb ib prfdugtb µMýne menifgze b dfgfrbr
riqufzb sig `fjbr fi fnpife quf nf sestifgf bmtubinfgtf5 Aiyesbai er`fgb ies bmtives fg
`istigtbs mbtfderîbs quf dfgfrbg bites givfifs `f rfgtboiii`b` y trbobjbg `f ib nbge meg ies
fnpifes quf sestifgfg ib fmegenîb bmtubi `f ugb pfrsegb. Fstes bmtives puf`fg sfr8 gfdemies
quf ge rfquifrfg
`f ni prfsfgmib, bmmiegfs `f fnprfsbs, eoiidbmiegfs `f fnprfsbs, ceg`es nutubiistbs, oifgfs
rbîmfs quf dfgfrbg igdrfses (fxmfptøb ib vivifg`b), pbdbrfs, reybitifs per prepif`b` igtfifmtubi,
`frfmles quf sf rfvbierimfg y tfgdbg ug nfrmb`e `ispegioif, ies mubifs puf`fg fsmedfrsf fg
cugmiýg `fi duste `f mb`b pfrsegb y bi fstboifmfr ugb mibrb `icfrfgmib fgtrf fi gfdemie y ib
precfsiýg. Fs `fmir,

su precfsiýg ge `fof sfr su gfdemie, ies bmtives if `bg ib iiofrtb` `f `f`imbrsf b bnoes
sig nfzmibries.

’Fg vfr`b` ies rimes ge pbdbg inpufstes, fs ib mibsf nf`ib ib quf pbdb b ies peorfs
„ (Aiyesbai, 2::0, p.260) nfgmiegb fi buter mubg`e ousmb rfcfrirsf b ib i`fb `f quf ies rimes
`fofrîbg pbdbr nâs inpufstes pbrb `ârsfie b ies peorfs. Ib rbzýg per ib quf fstb crbsf meorb
sfgti`e fg ib rfbii`b` fs quf ies nâs b`igfrb`es seg ies quf tifgfg nbyer mefcimifgtf igtfifmtubi
cigbgmifre y drbmibs b ëi lbg fgmegtrb`e `ivfrsbs nbgfrbs pbrb bostfgfrsf `fi pbde `f ies
inpufstes, yb quf fstâg oifg igcernb`es y emupb`es `f btfg`fr su prepie gfdemie. Fstbs
seg ibs epertugi`b`fs quf sf

nfgmiegbg bgtfriernfgtf, ibs mubifs seie seg visioifs mubg`e ge ges megmfgtrbnes fg dbgbr
`igfre sige fg nfjerbr ib f`umbmiýg cigbgmifrb y rfquifrfg `f mubtre lboiii`b`fs y ârfbs `f
fxpfrifgmib8
megtboiii`b`, igvfrsiýg, menprfgsiýg `f ies nfrmb`es, y ib ify. Aiyesbai bdrfdb quf ib
nfjer nbgfrb `f pretfdfr ies bmtives y tenbr vfgtbjb `fi meorb`er `f inpufstes fs tfgfr
ug bnpiie megeminifgte `f ibs ifyfs y fi cugmiegbnifgte cismbi.

Fg megmiusiýg, ib semif`b` nug`ibi quf mb`b vfz fs nâs dieobiizb`b lb mbnoib`e ies rfquisites
 pbrb sfr fxitese, yb ge obstb meg fstu`ibr y megsfduir ug trbobje fstboif, blerb fs gfmfsbrie ir nbs
biiâ, ib igtfiidfgmib cigbgmifrb sf lb megvfrti`e fg ib obsf `f ibs riqufzbs `f ies drbg`fs nbdgbtfs

`fi nug`e, quifgfs fg numles mbses ge tifgfg fstu`ies precfsiegbifs, su ëxite rb`ime fg sbofr
b`nigistrbr fi rifsde, sbofr igvfrtir, fgtfg`fr muâifs seg ies nenfgtes y mbniges quf iifvbrîbg b
sus fnprfsbs e gfdemies b mrfmfr b ugb vfiemi`b` ýptinb. @f gb`b sirvf fstu`ibr fg ibs nfjerfs
ugivfrsi`b`fs si ge fs mbpbz `f bmtubr igtfiidfgtfnfgtf fg tërniges cigbgmifres bgtf ugb
semif`b` quf mb`b vfz peg`frb nâs fi vbier `f fstf.

Ib cernbmiýg quf sf orig`f fg ies ledbrfs sfrâ obsf pbrb fi `fsbrreiie fmegýnime `f ib pfrsegbs
`b`e quf ies nif`es e ibs certbifzbs quf sf trbsnitbg fg mbsb sfrâg rfcifjb`bs fg fi
menpertbnifgte
`f ies ig`ivi`ues fg ib semif`b`, per ie tbgte fi pb`rf peorf iifvbrb b sus lijes b ugb vi`b `f purb
suosistfgmib megcernâg`esf meg rfgtbs objbs, iifvbg`e mene obg`frb fi ge brrifsdbrsf, sifg`e
bsî ugb pifzb nâs `f ib mb`fgb pre`umtivb `f ibs pfrsegbs rimbs, quifgfs sbofg b`nigistrbr fi
rifsde, ge tifgfg tfnerfs bgtf ies nenfgtes mrumibifs, trbobjbg y cernbg ug sistfnb `eg`f fiies
rfbiimfg fi nîgine fscufrze.

Zer øitine, fs mrumibi fgtfg`fr ibs obsfs fmegýnimbs `b`bs per aiyesbai pbrb pe`fr tfgfr ëxite, yb

quf fstbs nufstrbg fi mbnige quf nâs dbgbgmibs trbfrâg bi fnprfsbrie, dfgfrbg`e ug sistfnb fg fi
mubi fstf ge tifgf quf lbmfr nbyer fscufrze, seibnfgtf sfr mbpbz `f igvfrtir merrfmtbnfgtf.
 

Megmiusiegfs

Ibs pfrsegbs b`igfrb`bs (rimes) igstruyfg b sus lijes `f cernb `icfrfgtf b ibs pfrsegbs
fstu`ib`bs meg oufges igdrfses, e ibs pfrsegbs meg peme `igfre1 fg iudbr `f `fmirifs quf
fstu`ifgtfgdbg oufgbs mbiicimbmiegfs pbrb iufde megsfduir ug oufg fnpife sfdure y
`fpf g`fr `f ug jfcf, ifsfgsfñbg b sus lijes b trbobjbr per sinpif sbtiscbmmiýg f igvfrtir
pbrb quf su `igfre pre`uzmb nâs `igfre.

Fi cig `f fstf fgsbye fs bnpiibr gufstrb pfrspfmtivb seorf fi `igfre, ibs cigbgzbs, pfre ie
nâs inpertbgtf fs quf ges igvitb lbmfr megmifgmib `f ib preoifnâtimb fxistfgtf fgtrf rimes
y peorfs y ges fgsfñb b ge sfr megcernistbs meg ies sufi`es quf pe`bnes pfrmioir per ib
 prfstbmiýg.

@f gufstres sfrvimies, ib i`fb fs mbnoibr gufstrb nfgtbii`b` `f bsbibrib`es y gufstre i`fbi

`f sfr pfrsegbs quf trbobjbg br`ubnfgtf pbrb eotfgfr ugb fstboiii`b` y ugb zegb `f
megcert `f ib mubi ge `fofnes `f tfgfr nif`e pbrb bobg`egbr, y brrifsdbrges b
lbmfr mesbs gufvbs ibs quf rfbinfgtf ges dustb lbmfr per pibmfr,

tbnoiëg ges fgsfñbg seorf ibs `fu`bs e pbsives quf megsfduines pbrb eotfgfr fsb
fstboiii`b` quf b `icfrfgmib `fibs pfrsegbs b`igfrb`bs (rimbs) meg sus i`fbifs `f pegfr
trbobjbr su `igfre fg igvfrsiegfs quf ifs dfgfrfg dbgbgmibs br`ubnfgtf, gesetres
`fofrîbnes megsfduir bmtives f igvfrtir nâs, pbrb dfgfrbrges nâs `igfre, nâs fgtrb`bs

Ies peorfs dbgbg pbsives sig gfmfsi`b` per duste e per dbstbr dfgfrbg`e ib për`i`b `fi `igfre,
nifgtrbs quf ies rimes ie igvifrtfg y if dfgfrbg dbgbgmibs igtfrfsfs meg ie mubi ie pesffg pbrb
sifnprf y ie nuitipiimbg.
  

OKOIKED_BCK

Aiyesbai _, Ifmltfr ]1 (2::0). Zb`rf rime Zb`rf peorf. Miu`b` `f Nëxime. ]bgtiiibgb

f`imiegfs dfgfrbifs ].B.