Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
DIAGNÓSTICO Y
TRATAMIENTO DEL
MELANOMA
Global
Mujeres
Ries LAG, et al, eds. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2000. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2003: Tables XVI-1–9.
N Engl J Med 2015;373:1926-36.
FACTORES RIESGO MELANOMA
FACTORES RIESGO MELANOMA
SCREENING
PACIENTE ALTO RIESGO
✔ Hombre blanco >50 años
✔ Historia familiar melanoma
✔ > o = 25 nevus
✔ Al menos 1 nevu atípico
✔ Exposición radiación en infancia
✔ Exposición solar infancia/adolescencia/adulto con una quemadura solar < 30 años
✔ Exposición deporte aire libre sin protección o ir a solárium
✔ Inmunosupresión, especialmente farmacológica
✔ Ser pelirrojo
MUY ALTO RIESGO
✔ Al menos tres familiar con melanoma por un lado de la familia
✔ Historia personal de múltiples nevus atípicos
SCREENING Y DETECCIÓN TEMPRANA
Academia americana
dermatologia
recomienda uso de
FPS al menos 30
El borde de la lesión es
Borde irregular, borrosa, o
desigual
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Años
• DMFS=distant metastasis-free survival; HRQoL=health-related quality of life; OS=overall survival; Q3W=every 3 weeks; Q12W=every 12 weeks; R=randomization; RFS=recurrence-free survival.
CA184-029: ipilimumab,
• 1. Eggermont AM et al. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1845-1855. 2. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT00636168. Accessed May 4, 2018. resected high-risk stage III
melanoma, adjuvant
Adjuvant ipilimumab following resection of
stage III melanoma: overall survival
Ipilimumab Placebo
Deaths/patients 162/475 214/476
100
HR (95.1% CI)a 0.72 (0.58, 0.88)
90
Log-rank P valuea 0.001
80
65%
Patients Alive (%)
70
60 54%
50
40
30
20 Ipilimumab
10 Placebo
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Years
N Number of patients at risk
Ipilimumab 475 431 369 325 290 199 62 4
Placebo 476 413 348 297 273 178 58 8
a
• Stratified by stage provided at randomization.
• Enrollment period: March 30, 2015 to November 30, 2015; minimum follow-up: 48 months.
• AJCC=American Joint Committee on Cancer; DMFS=distant metastasis-free survival; ECOG=Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; HRQoL=health-related quality of life; IPI=ipilimumab; IV=intravenous; NIVO=nivolumab; OS=overall survival;
PD-L1=programmed death ligand 1; Q2W=every 2 weeks; Q3W=every 3 weeks; Q12W=every 12 weeks; R=randomization; RFS=recurrence-free survival.
CA209-238: nivolumab vs
• Ascierto PA et al. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:1465-1477. ipilimumab, resected stage
IIIB–IV melanoma, adjuvant
Adjuvant nivolumab vs ipilimumab: RFS in all
patients1,2
NIVO (n = 453) IPI (n = 453)
Events, n 212 253
100
Median, mo (95% CI) 52.4 (42.5–NR) 24.1 (16.6–35.1)
90 HR (95% CI)a 0.71 (0.60–0.86)
80 Pb 0.0003
70
58%
RFS (%)
60 52%
50
40 44%
41%
30
20
NIVO
10 IPI
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57
Months
No. at risk
NIVO 3 mg/kg 453 395 354 332 311 293 283 271 262 250 245 240 233 224 218 206 147 37 11 0
IPI 10 mg/kg 453 366 316 273 253 234 220 208 201 191 185 177 171 168 163 154 113 32 10 0
KEYNOTE 054
1019 pctes
Melanoma III resecado
Toxicidad G3-G5
pembrolizumab vs placebo
(14.7 vs 3.4% )
1 muertes por miositis
1,2
treatment-naive melanoma in study CA209-066
Nivolumab
3 mg/kg IV Q2W
Unresectable +
stage III or IV melanoma
Dacarbazine-matched placebo
IV Q3W Treat until
R progression or
• Previously untreated 1:1
unacceptable
Dacarbazine
• BRAF WT toxicity
1000 mg/m2 IV Q3W
• Tissue available for +
biomarker analyses
Nivolumab-matched placebo
IV Q2W
IV=intravenous; ORR=objective response rate; OS=overall survival; PD-L1=programmed cell death ligand-1; PFS=progression-free survival; Q2W=every 2 weeks; Q3W=every 3 weeks; WT=wild-type.
1. Ascierto PA et al. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5:187-194. 2. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01721772. Accessed October 1, 2018.
Overall survival for patients with treatment-naive
melanoma who received nivolumab in study
CA209-066 100 NIVO (n = 210) DTIC (n = 208)
90 Events, n 126 165
80 Median, mo (95% CI) 37.3 (25.4–51.6) 11.2 (9.6–13.0)
51%
50 46% 44%
40
39%
30 26%
22%
18% 17%
20
NIVO
10
DTIC
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75
Months
No. of patients at risk
NIVO 210 186 171 154 143 135 128 123 116 111 107 103 102 95 93 91 88 87 82 80 78 62 50 18 3 0
DTIC 208 179 146 122 92 76 71 62 51 47 47 43 41 39 36 36 34 34 34 33 33 26 15 8 1 0
• Reproduced from Robert C et al. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:3937-3946. CA209-066: nivolumab vs DTIC,
BRAF wild-type, 1L
BRAF Wild type
N: 146
Melanoma IV no tratados previamente
Randomizados 2:1 → Ipi 3mg/kg+ Nivo 1mg/kg vs Ipi+placebo → Seguido por Nivolumab. End P 1o RR
F III, doble ciego, randomizado. End Point 1o: SLP
N: 945 SLP: 11.5 combinación.
Melanoma III irresecable o IV 6.9 Nivolumab
1:1:1 → Nivolumab/Nivolumab + Ipilimumab/Ipilimumab 2.9 Ipilimumab
4.8 meses vs 1.5 meses
Seguimiento 0-16 meses
Promedio: 9meses
6 meses:
93% Combinación
85% Dabrafenib solo
SLP
9.3m VS 8.8m
Fase III
N: 495
Melanoma no resecable
o metastásico
BRAF V600 Mutado
Vemurafenib+Cobimeti
nib vs Vemurafenib
End Point 1o: SLP
50
CONCLUSIONES