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43 800lb/h de una querosene de 42”API salen del fondo de la columna de destilación a 390°F y
deben enfriarse a 200°F mediante 149 000 lb/b de un crudo de 34”API que viene del tanque de
almacenamiento a 100°F y se calienta a 170°F. Se permite una caída de presión de 10 lb/plga en las
dos corrientes y de acuerdo con la Tabla 12, un factor de obstrucción combinado de 0.003 debe
considerarse. Se dispone para este servicio un intercambiador de 211/4 plg DI que tiene 158 tubos de
1 plg DE, 13 BWG y 16’0” de largo y están arreglados en cuadro de ll/ plg de paso. El haz de tubos
está arreglado para cuatro pasos y 10s deflectores están espaciados a 5 plg. Será adecuado el
intercambiador; ¿Cuál es el factor de obstrucción?
Simbologia:
Re , numero de Reynolds
Pr , numero de Prandtl
C' , distancia del claro del haz de tubos
B , distancia entre deflectores (baffles)
L , longitud de los tubos
PT , distancia del paso entre los tubos del haz
as , area transversal del lado de la coraza
Gs , masa velocidad del lado de la coraza
De , diametro equivalente
ho y hio , coeficientes peliculares
T2 ≔ 200 °F
lb
W ≔ 43800 ―
hr
lb
w ≔ 149000 ―
hr
t1 ≔ 100 °F
t2 ≔ 170 °F
t2 ≔ 170 °F
3. Balance de Energia
Para realizar el balance energetica se inicia evaluando la capacidad calorifica de los dos
fluidos a una temperatura promedio.
T1 + T2 t1 + t2
Tprom ≔ ――― = 295 °F tprom ≔ ――= 135 °F
2 2
Btu Btu
C ≔ 0.615 ――― c ≔ 0.49 ―――
lb ⋅ Δ°F lb ⋅ Δ°F
Btu
Q ≔ W ⋅ C ⋅ ⎛⎝T1 - T2⎞⎠ = 5118030 ――
hr
Btu
w ⋅ c ⋅ ⎛⎝t2 - t1⎞⎠ = 5110700 ――
hr
KC ≔ 0.35
FC ≔ 0.42
5. Determinacion del Δt
Dado que el intercambiador utilizado es un condensador, se han de estimar los valores de
los parametros R y S. Una vez determinados, se obtiene el factor FT y se corrige el valor
del MLDT, asi, se determinara Δt
Δt2 - Δt1
MLDT ≔ ―――― = 152.196 Δ°F
⎛ Δt2 ⎞
ln ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Δt1 ⎠
Δt2 - Δt1
MLDT ≔ ―――― = 152.196 Δ°F
⎛ Δt2 ⎞
ln ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Δt1 ⎠
T1 - T2 t2 - t1
R ≔ ――― = 2.714 S ≔ ――― = 0.241
t2 - t1 T1 - t1
‾‾‾‾‾ ⎛ 1-S ⎞
R 2 + 1 ⋅ ln ⎜――― ⎟
⎝1-R⋅S⎠
FT ≔ ―――――――――――― = 0.892 Se cumple que FT>0.75
⎛ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⎞⎞
2 - S ⋅ ⎝R + 1 - R + 1 ⎠ ⎟
((R - 1)) ⋅ ln ⎜――――――――
⎜ ⎛ ⎞⎟
⎝ 2 - S ⋅ ⎝R + 1 + ‾‾‾‾‾
R2 + 1 ⎠ ⎠
C' ≔ PT - dE = 0.25 in
DI ⋅ B ⋅ C'
as ≔ ――― = 0.148 ft 2
PT
W lb
Gs ≔ ―= 296809.412 ―――
as 2
ft ⋅ hr
lb lb
dI ≔ 0.810 in μc ≔ 3.6 ⋅ 2.42 ―― = 8.712 ――
ft ⋅ hr ft ⋅ hr
⎛ π ⋅ dE 2 ⎞
⎜ 2
4 ⋅ PT - ――― ⎟ lb lb
μh ≔ 0.42 ⋅ 2.42 ―― = 1.016 ――
⎝ 4 ⎠ ft ⋅ hr ft ⋅ hr
De ≔ ――――――= 0.082 ft
π ⋅ dE
Btu
De ⋅ Gs ch ≔ 0.59 ―――
Res ≔ ――― = 2.408 ⋅ 10 4 lb ⋅ Δ°F
μh Btu
kh ≔ 0.077 ――――
hr ⋅ ft ⋅ Δ°F
ch ⋅ μh
Prs ≔ ――= 7.788
kh
ch ⋅ μh
Prs ≔ ――= 7.788
kh
1 1
ho ― k
h
― kh lb
⋅ Prs ⋅ ― = ⎛⎝2.144 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ――
0.55 3 0.55 3
―= 0.36 ⋅ Res ⋅ Prs ⋅ ― R ≔ 0.36 ⋅ Res
ϕs De De 3
s ⋅K
n≔4
Nt ⋅ a't
at ≔ ――― = 0.141 ft 2
n
w lb
Gt ≔ ―= ⎛⎝1.055 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―――
at ft 2 ⋅ hr
dI ⋅ Gt Btu
Ret ≔ ―― = 8.172 ⋅ 10 3 cc ≔ 0.49 ―――
μc lb ⋅ Δ°F
Btu
cc ⋅ μc kc ≔ 0.0765 ――――
Prt ≔ ――= 55.802 ft ⋅ hr ⋅ Δ°F
kc
1 1
hi ⎛ kc ⎞ ― ⎛ kc ⎞ ―
lb
F ≔ 0.023 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ Ret 0.8 ⋅ Prt = ⎛⎝1.682 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ――
0.8 3 3
―= 0.023 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ Ret ⋅ Prt
ϕt ⎝ dI ⎠ ⎝ dI ⎠
3
s ⋅K
hio hi dI dI lb
―― = ―⋅ ― V ≔ F ⋅ ― = ⎛⎝1.362 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ――
ϕt ϕt dE dE 3
s ⋅K
R
tw ≔ tc + ――⋅ ⎛⎝Tc - tc⎞⎠ = 221.366 °F
V+R
lb lb
μws ≔ 0.59 ⋅ 2.42 ―― = 1.428 ――
ft ⋅ hr ft ⋅ hr
⎛ μh ⎞ 0.14
ϕs ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.954
⎝ μws ⎠
lb lb
μws ≔ 0.59 ⋅ 2.42 ―― = 1.428 ――
ft ⋅ hr ft ⋅ hr
⎛ μh ⎞ 0.14
ϕs ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.954
⎝ μws ⎠
Btu
ho ≔ R ⋅ ϕs = 163.288 ―――――
hr ⋅ ft 2 ⋅ Δ°F
lb lb
μwt ≔ 1.55 ⋅ 2.42 ―― = 3.751 ――
ft ⋅ hr ft ⋅ hr
⎛ μc ⎞ 0.14
ϕt ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ = 1.125
⎝ μwt ⎠
Btu
hio ≔ V ⋅ ϕt = 122.43 ―――――
hr ⋅ ft 2 ⋅ Δ°F
8. Calculo de Coeficientes U
hio ⋅ ho Btu
UC ≔ ――― = 69.969 ―――――
hio + ho hr ⋅ ft 2 ⋅ Δ°F
a'' ≔ 0.2618 ft
A ≔ Nt ⋅ L ⋅ a'' = 661.83 ft 2
Q Btu
UD ≔ ―― = 56.982 ―――――
A ⋅ Δt hr ⋅ ft 2 ⋅ Δ°F
UC - UD hr ⋅ ft 2 ⋅ Δ°F
Rd ≔ ―――= 0.003257 ―――――
UC ⋅ UD Btu
9. Caida de Presion
9.1 Lado de Coraza
0.264 lb
f ≔ 0.0035 + ――― = 0.00731 ρ ≔ 62.5 ―― fs ≔ 0.00175
Res 0.42 ft 3
ss ≔ 0.73
L
No ≔ ―= 38.4
B
fs ⋅ Gs 2 ⋅ DI ⋅ No lb
ΔPs ≔ ―――――= 0.018 ――
2 ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ De ⋅ ϕs in 2
9.2 Lado Tubo Interior
0.264
ft ≔ 0.0035 + ――― = 0.01 st ≔ 0.83
Ret 0.42
ft ⋅ Gt 2 ⋅ L ⋅ n lb
ΔPt ≔ ――――― = 1.187 ――
2 ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ dI ⋅ ϕt in 2
v2 lb
―― = 0.15 ――
2⋅g in 2
4⋅n lb lb
ΔPr ≔ ―― ⋅ 0.15 ―― = 2.892 ――
st in 2
in 2
lb
ΔPT ≔ ΔPt + ΔPr = 4.079 ――
in 2