rogor ganimarteba termini ^"SeiaraRebuli konfliqti" saerTaSoriso

humanitarul samarTalSi?

wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti (wjsk)

samarTlebrivi mosazreba
marti 2008

1949 wlis Jenevis konvenciebis monawile saxelmwifoebma, wiTeli jvrisa da

wiTeli naxevarmTvaris wesdebebis saSualebiT wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso
komitets andes "SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros gamoyenebuli saerTaSoriso
humanitaruli samarTlis Sesaxeb codnis gavrcelebasa da ganviTarebaze
muSaoba1".

amis safuZvelze, wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti warmoadgens

dominirebul samarTlebriv mosazrebas "saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli
konfliqtis" da "arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis" terminebis
ganmartebis Taobaze saerTaSoriso humanitarul samarTalSi -
saerTaSoriso samarTlis im dargSi, romelic Seexeba SeiaraRebul
konfliqtebs.

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali ganasxvavebs SeiaraRebuli

konfliqtis or saxes, kerZod:

 saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti, romelSic erTmaneTs

upirispirdeba ori an meti saxelmwifo, da
 arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti, saxelisuflebo
SeiaraRebul jarebsa da arasamaTavrobo SeiaraRebul dajgufebebs
Soris, an mxolod arasamaTavrobo SeiaraRebul dajgufebebs Soris.
saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali aseve ganasxvavebs
arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebul konfliqts, romelic regulirdeba
Jenevis 1949 wlis konvenciebis saerTo me-3 muxliT da im
arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebul konfliqts, romelic II damatebiTi
oqmis pirveli muxliT gansazRvruli ganmartebis qveS xvdeba.

samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT sxva saxis SeiaraRebuli konfliqti ar

arsebobs. miuxedavad amisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom situacia SeiZleba erTi saxis
konfliqtidan gadaizardos meore saxis konfliqtSi, imis gaTvaliswinebiT
Tu mocemul momentSi romeli faqtebi dominireben.

I. saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti

1) saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis xelSekrulebebi

Jenevis konvenciebis saerTo me-2 muxli ambobs:

"im debulebaTa garda, romlebic unda moqmedebdes mSvidobian dros,

winamdebare konvencia gamoiyeneba gamocxadebuli omis yvela SemTxvevaSi an
nebismieri sxva saxis SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros, romelic SeiZleba

1
wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris wesdebebi, muxli 5, punqti 2(z);
warmoiSvas or an ramdenime maRal xelSemkvrel mxares Soris, maSinac ki,
roca erT-erTi mxare ar cnobs saomar mdgomareobas.

konvencia agreTve gamoiyeneba maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris teritoriis

nawilobrivi an mTliani okupaciis yvela SemTxvevaSi, maSinac ki, roca
aRniSnul okupacias SeiaraRebul winaaRmdegobas ar uweven."

am debulebis Tanaxmad, saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti aris

dapirispireba "maRal xelSemkvrel mxareebs", anu saxelmwifoebs Soris.
saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebul konfliqts adgili aqvs maSin, roca erTi an
ramdenime saxelmwifo meore saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg gamoiyenebs
SeiaraRebul Zalebs, dapirispirebis mizezisa da intensivobis miuxedavad.
saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis Sesabamisi normebi gamoiyeneba
SeiaraRebuli moqmedebebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic. ufro metic, saWiro ar
aris omis gamocxadeba an saomari mdgomareobis aRiareba. saerTaSoriso
SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis arseboba da Sesabamisad saerTaSoriso
humanitaruli samarTlis am situaciaze gavrceleba damokidebulia imaze, Tu
ra xdeba sinamdvileSi. is faqtobriv garemoebebzea damokidebuli. magaliTad,
saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti SeiZleba arsebobdes maSinac, Tu
erTi mxare ar aRiarebs meore mxaris mTavrobas.2 Jenevis 1949 wlis
konvenciebis komentari adasturebs, rom: "nebismieri uTanxmoeba or
saxelmwifos Soris, romelic SeiaraRebuli Zalebis CarTvas gamoiwvevs, aris
saerTo me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli SeiaraRebuli konfliqti, maSinac ki,
Tu erTi mxare uaryofs saomari mdgomareobis arsebobas. mniSvneloba ar aqvs
ramden xans grZeldeba konfliqti da ramdeni sisxli daiRvreba"3

Cveulebrivi, saxelmwifoTaSorisi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis garda, I

damatebiTi oqmi saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebul konfliqtebs miakuTvnebs iseT
konfliqtebs, romelSic xalxi ibrZvis koloniuri dominirebis, ucxoelTa
okupaciis an rasistuli reJimis winaaRmdeg TavianTi TviTgamorkvevis
uflebis ganxorcielebisas (erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli omebi)4.

2) samarTalwarmoeba

yofili iugoslaviis saerTaSoriso tribunalma SeimuSava saerTaSoriso

SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis zogadi ganmarteba. tadiCis saqmeSi tribunalma
daadgina "SeiaraRebuli konfliqti arsebobs maSin rodesac adgili aqvs

2 "saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlisTvis mniSvneloba ar aqvs aRiareben Tu ara

mxareebi erTmaneTs rogorc saxelmwifoebs" saerTo samxedro wesdebebi, (ZDv) 15/2: d.
fleki, SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi humanitaruli samarTlis saxelmZRvanelo,
oqsfordis universitetis gamocema, oqsfordi, 1995, gv. 45;
3
ჟ. piqte, komentari Jenevis 1949 wlis konvenciaze moqmed jarSi daWrilTa da
avadmyofTa mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb, wjsk, Jeneva, 1952, gv. 32;
4
I damatebiTi oqmi, muxli 1, punqti 4: "SeiaraRebul konfliqtebs, sadac xalxebi
ibrZvian koloniuri Cagvris, ucxoelTa okupaciisa da rasistuli reJimebis
winaaRmdeg, axorcieleben ra TviTgamorkvevis uflebas, rogorc es gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis wesdebiTa da saxelmwifoTa Soris gaerTianebuli erebis
organizaciis wesdebis Sesabamisad megobrul urTierTobebsa da TanamSromlobasTan
dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebis Sesaxeb deklaraciiTaa
ganmtkicebuli";
saxelmwifoTa Soris Zalis gamoyenebas"5 es ganmarteba mogvianebiT sxva
saerTaSoriso organoebmac miiRo.

3) doqtrina

doqtrina sasargeblo komentarebs gvaZlevs saerTaSოrისo SeiaraRebuli

konfliqtis ganmartebasTan dakavSirebiT.

d. Sindleris mixedviT, "ori saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

dapirispireba yovelTvis SeiZleba CaiTvalos Jenevis konvenciebis saerTo me-
2 muxliT gansazRvrul SeiaraRebul konfliqtad. [...] or saxelmwifos Soris
nebismieri saxiT Zalis gamoyeneba iwvevs konvenciebis amoqmedebas"6

h-p. gaseri ambobs, "erTi saxelmwifos mier meore saxelmwifos teritoriis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli nebismieri formis Zalis gamoyeneba iwvevs am
saxelmwifoTa Soris Jenevis konvenciebis amoqmedebas [...] mniSvneloba ar aqvs
uwevs Tu ara Tavdamsxmels winaaRmdegobas Tavdasxmuli mxare [...] rogorc ki
erTi saxelmwifos xelSi aRmoCndebian meore saxelmwifos daWrili an
Cabarebuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis wevrebi an samoqalaqo pirebi, rogorc ki
maT xelSi aRmoCndebian tyveebi an moipoveben კontrols mtris saxelmwifos
teritoriis nawilze, maT unda daicvan Sesabamisi konvenciebis normebi".7

germaniis saerTo samxedro wesdebebis mixedviT, “saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebul

konfliqts adgili aqvs, roca erTi saxelmwifo SeiaraRebul Zalas iyenebs
meores winaaRmdeg [...] samxedro Zalis calkeuli pirebis an pirTa jgufis
mier gamoyeneba sakmarisi ar aris”.8

da bolos, erik davidis Tanaxmad nebismier SeiaraRebul dapirispirebas 1949

wlis Jenevis konvenciebis (da zog SemTxvevaSi 1977 wlis I damatebiTi oqmis)
monawile saxelmwifoebis SeiaraRebul Zalebs Soris miyavs mxareebi am
instrumentebamde, rogoric ar unda iyos dapirispirebis masStabi: patara
Sejaxeba, incindenti sazRvarze mxareTa SeiaraRebul Zalebs Soris
sakmarisia konvenciebis (da Tu mierTebuli arian I oqmis) gamoyenebis
provocirebisTvis9

II. araerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti

1) saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis xelSekrulebebi

5 iugoslaviis saerTaSoriso tribunali, prokurori duSko tadiCis winaaRmdeg, IT-94-

1-A, 2 oqtomberi 1995 weli, punqti 70;
6
d. Sindleri, sxvadasxva saxis SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi Jenevis konvenciebisa da
maTi damatebiTi oqmebis mixedviT, RCADI (haagis saerTaSoriso samarTlis akademiis
leqciaTa krebuli) , 1979-II, gv. 131;
7
h-p. gaseri, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali: Sesavali, gamocemaSi: humanuroba
yvelasTvis: wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris saerTaSoriso moZraoba, h.
haugi, pol hauptis gamomcemloba, 1993, gv. 510-511;
8
d. fleki, SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi humanitaruli samarTlis saxelmZRvanelo,
oqsfordis universitetis gamocema, oqsfordi, 1995, gv. 40;
9
e. davidi, SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis samarTlis principebi, briuselis
Tavisufali universiteti, briuseli 2002, gv. 109
imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros Tu ras niSnavs arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli
konfliqti saerTaSoriso humanitarul samarTalSi, saWiroa ZiriTadi
wyaroebis ganxilva: a) Jenevis 1949 wlis konvenciebis saerTo me-3 muxli, b) II
damatebiTi oqmis pirveli muxli:

a) arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti saerTo m-3 muxlis

farglebSi

saerTo me-3 muxli gamoiyeneba “maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris teritoriaze

mimdinare saerTaSoriso xasiaTis armqone SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros”.
amaSi moiazreba SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi, romelSic erTi an erTze meti
arasamTavrobo SeiaraRebuli dajgufebაa CarTuli. situaciisda mixedviT
SeiaraRebuli moqmedebebi SeiZleba mimdinareobdes saxelisuflebo
SeiaraRebul jgufsa da arაsamTavrobo SeiaraRebul dajgufebas an mxolod
aseT dajgufebebs Soris. mas Semdeg, rac Jenevis oTxive konvencia ukve
ratificirebulia universalurad, moTxovnam, romlis mixedviTac
SeiaraRebul konfliqts adgili unda hqondes maRali xelSemkvreli
saxelmwifos teritoriaze, praqtikulad dakarga mniSvneloba. sinamdvileSi,
nebismieri SeiaraRebuli konfliqti saxelisuflebo SeiaraRebul Zalebsa da
arasamTavrobo SeiaraRebul dajgufebas Soris an mxolod aseT dajgufebebs
Soris SesaZlebelia mimdinareobdes mxolod Jenevis konvenciebis monawile
saxelmwifoebSi.

imisaTvis, rom moxdes saerTo me-3 muxliT gansazRvruli SeiaraRebuli

konfliqtis gansxvaveba Zaladobis naklebad seriozuli formebisgan,
rogoricaa Sida areulobebi da daZabulobebi, ajanyebebi an banditizmi,
saWiroa, rom situaciam miaRwios dapirispirebis garkveul dones. zogadad
miRebulia, rom SedarebiT dabali zRvari, romelic II damatebiTi oqmis 1(2)
muxlSi gamoricxavs Sida daZabulobebisa da areulobebis SeiaraRebul
konfliqtad kvalificirebas, gamoiyeneba saerTo me-3 muxlis SemTxvevaSic. am
dros, rogorc wesi, ori kriteriumi gamoiyeneba:10

 pirvel rigSi, SeiaraRebulma moqmedebebma unda miaRwios daZabulobis

minimalur dones. aseTi SeiZleba iyos iseTi SemTxveva, roca,
magaliTisTvis, SeiaraRebuli moqmedebebi atareben koleqtiur
xasiaTs, an mTavrobas amboxebulTa winaaRmdeg policiis nacvlad
samxedro Zalebis gamoyeneba uwevs.11
 meorec, arasamTavrobo SeiaraRebuli dajgufebebi, romlebic
konfliqtSi arian CarTulni, unda iyvnen “konfliqtis mxared”
miCneulni, es ki imas niSnavs, rom maT organizebuli SeiaraRebuli
Zalebi unda gaaCndeT. amis magaliTia, roca SeiaraRebul dajgufebas

10
iugoslaviis saerTaSoriso tribunali, prokurori duSko tadiCis winaaRmdeg, IT-
94-1-T, 7 maisi 1997 weli, punqti 561-568 ; ixileT aseve iugoslaviis saerTaSoriso
tribunali, prokurori fatmir limas winaaRmdeg, IT-03-66-T, 30 noemberi, 2005 weli,
punqti 84;
11
am kriteriumis detaluri analizisTvis, ixileT aseve iugoslaviis saerTaSoriso
tribunali, prokurori fatmir limas winaaRmdeg, IT-03-66-T, 30 noemberi, 2005 weli,
punqti 135-170;
 gaaCnia garkveuli struqtura da aqvs SesaZlebloba rom awarmoos
samxedro operaciebi.12

b) arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti II damatebiTi oqmis pirveli

muxlis mixedviT

II damatebiTi oqmis specifiuri miznebisTvis SemuSavebuli iqna

arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis ufro viwro ganmarteba. es
dokumenti vrceldeba SeiaraRebul konfliqtebze, romlebic xdeba "...…
romelime maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris teritoriaze mis SeiaraRebul
Zalebsa da mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego Zalebs an sxva organizebul
SeiaraRebul jgufebs Soris, romlebic imyofebian ra pasuxismgebeli
meTaurobis gankargulebaSi, axorcieleben kontrols qveynis teritoriis
nawilze ise, rom saSualeba aqvT ganaxorcielon uwyveti da SeTanxmebuli
saomari moqmedebani da gamoiyenon es oqmi."13

es ganmarteba atarebs saerTo mesame muxliT gansazRvrul cnebasTan

SedarebiT viwro xasiaTs or aspeqtSi: pirveli, is awesebs teritoriuli
kontrolis moTxovnas, ambobs ra, rom "mxareebi unda axorcielebdnen
kontrols qveynis teritoriis nawilze ise, rom saSualeba aqvT
ganaxorcielon uwyveti da SeTanxmebuli saomari moqmedebani da gamoiyenon
es oqmi". meorec, II damatebiTi oqmi vrceldeba mxolod im SeiaraRebul
konfliqtebze, romelic mimdinareobs saxelmwifos SeiaraRebul Zalebsa da
mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego SeiaraRebul jgufebs an sxva organizebul
SeiaraRebul jgufebs Soris. saerTo mesame muxlisgan gansxvavebiT, II
damatebiTi oqmi ar vrceldeba arasamTavrobo SeiaraRebul jgufebs Soris
mimdinare konfliqtebze.

am sakiTxze, aRsaniSnavia, rom II damatebiTi oqmi " aviTarebs da avsebs "

saerTo me-3 muxls "misi gamoyenebis arsebuli pirobebis Seucvlelad".14 es
imas niSnavs, rom viwro moqmedeba vrceldeba mxolod II damatebiTi oqmis
gamoyenebaze da ara zogadad arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis
samarTalze. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdeba me-8
muxlis 2(v) punqtSi adasturebs arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis
iseTi ganmartebis arsebobas, romelic ar akmayofilebs II damatebiTi oqmiT
dadgenil kriteriumebs.15

2) samarTalwarmoeba

sasamarTlo precedentma SeiaraRebuli konfiqtis ganmartebaSi mniSvnelovani

elmentebi Semoitana, gansakuTrebiT saerTo me-3 muxlis kuTxiT, rac
pirdapir ar aris gansazRvruli mocemul konvenciebSi.

12
ix. d. Sindleri, sxvadasxva saxis SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi Jenevis konvenciebisa
da maTi damatebiTi oqmebis mixedviT, RCDA, 1979-II, gv. 147; am kriteriumis detaluri
analizisTvis, ixileT aseve iugoslaviis saerTaSoriso tribunali, prokurori
fatmir limas winaaRmdeg, IT-03-66-T, 30 noemberi, 2005 weli, punqti 94-134;
13
II damatebiTi oqmi, muxli 1, punqti 1;
14
II damatebiTi oqmi, muxli 1, punqti 1;
15
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdeba muxli 8, punqti 2(v): "is
gamoiyeneba iseTi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros, romlebic mimdinareoben
saxelmwifos teritoriaze, roca adgili aqvs gangrZobad SeiaraRebul Zaladobas
saxelisuflebo SeiaraRebul Zalebsa da organizebul SeiaraRebul jgufs Soris, an
aseT SeiaraRebul jgufebs Soris";
iugoslaviis saerTaSoriso tribunalis gadawyvetilebebma, Tavis mxriv,
naTeli mohfina arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis definicias.
rogorc ukve iTqva, iugoslaviis saerTaSoriso tribunalma arasaerTaSoriso
SeiaraRebuli konfliqti ganmarta rogorc "gangrZobadi SeiaraRebuli
Zaladoba saxelisuflebo Zalebsa da organizebul SeiaraRebul jgufs
Soris an aseT jgufebs Soris erTi saxelmwifos SigniT".16 tribunalma
daadastura saerTo me-3 muxlis definicia: "dapirsipirebuli sxvadasxva
fraqcia, saxelisuflebo SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Carevis gareSe".17 am
gadawyvetilebis Semdeg, tribunalis yvela momdevno gadawyvetileba iyenebda
am definicias rogorc sawyiss.

3) doqtrina

sxvadasxva aRiarebulma mecnierma gaakeTa naTeli komentarebi imaze, Tu ra

unda CaiTvalos arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebul konfliqtad. maTi komentarebi
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania im situaciebSi, roca ar aris
dakmayofilebuli II damatebiTi oqmiT dadgenili kriteriumebi da saWiroa
Jenevis 1949 wlis konvenciebis saerTo mesame muxliT gansazRvruli
garantiebis uzrunvelyofa.

h.-p. gaseris mixedviT, zogadad aRirebulia, rom "arasaerTaSoriso

SeiaraRebuli konfliqti aris SeiaraRebuli dapirispireba, romelsac
adgili aqvs erTi saxelmwifos teritoriis SigniT, erTis mxriv, mTavrobasa
da, meores mxriv, mowinaaRmdege jgufs Soris" [...] meore SemTxvevaa situacia,
romlis drosac xdeba mTavrobis kolafsi, ris Sedegadac sxvadasxva
SeiaraRebuli jgufi ibrZvis erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg".18

d. Sindleri aseTive detalur ganmartebas gvTavazobs: "SeiaraRebuli

moqmedebebi unda xorcieldebodes iaraRis saSualebiT da atarebdes
intensivobis iseT xasiaTs, rom mTavroba iZulebuli iyos policiis nacvlad
samxedro Zalebi gamoiyenos winaaRmdegobis CasaxSobad. meores mxriv, rac
Seexeba mowinaaRmdege Zalebs, SeiaraRebuli moqmedebebi unda iyos
koleqtiuri saxis, anu ar xorcieldebodes mxolod erTeuli jgufebis mier.
amasTanave, mowinaaRmdege Zalebi unda xasiaTdebodnen organizebulobis
minimaluri xarisxiT mainc. maTi SeiaraRebuli Zalebi unda imyofebodnen
pasuxismgebeli meTaurobis qveS da hqondeT minimaluri humanitaruli
moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis SesaZlebloba".19

m. sasoli20 wers, "saerTo me-3 muxli vrceldeba im konfliqtebze, romlebsac

adgili aqvT ´"erTi xelSemkvreli saxelmwifos teritoriaze", maSin roca II
damatebiTi oqmis pireli muxli vrceldeba konfliqtebze, romelic

16
iugoslaviis saerTaSoriso tribunali, prokurori duSko tadiCis winaaRmdeg, IT-94-
1-A, 2 oqtomberi 1995 weli, punqti 70;
17
i. sandozi / k. svinarski / b. cimermani, Jenevis 1949 wlis 12 agvistos konvenciebis
1977 wlis 8 agvistos damatebiTi oqmebis komentari, wjsk, Jeneva, 1987, punqti 4461;
18
h-p. gaseri, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali: Sesavali, gamocemaSi:
humanuroba yvelasTvis: wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris saerTaSoriso
moZraoba, h. haugi, pol hauptis gamomcemloba, 1993, gv. 555;
19
d. Sindleri, sxvadasxva saxis SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi Jenevis konvenciebisa da
maTi damatebiTi oqmebis mixedviT, RCDA, 1979-II, gv. 147;
20
m. sasoli, transnacionaluri SeiaraRebuli jgufebi da serTaSoriso humanitaruli
samarTali, humanitaruli politikis da konfliqtebis kvlevis programa, harvardis
universiteti, 2006, nomeri 6, gv. 8,9;
mimdinareobs "maRali xelSemkvreli saxelmwifos teritoriaze".
saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis miznebisTvis, es gagebul unda iqnes,
rogorc ubralo dadastureba imisa, rom xelSekrulebebi vrceldeba mxolod
mis xelmomwer saxelmwifoebze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu am sityvebs gavigebdiT ise,
TiTqos konfliqtebi, romlebic saxelisuflebo SeiaraRebul Zalebsa da
arasaxelisuflebo SeiaraRebul jgufebs Soris mimdinareobs, magram
vrceldeba ramdenime saxelmwifos teritoriaze, ar unda dakvalificides
rogorc arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti, maSin adgili eqneboda
did sicarieles samarTlebriv dacvaSi, rasac saxelmwifoebi ver
gaamarTlebdnen suverenitetis principiT. suverenitetis sakiTxi ver
gaamarTlebs ramdenime saxelmwifos teritoriaze mimdinare SeiaraRebuli
konfliqtis msxverplTa nakleb dacvas erTi saxelmwifos teritoriaze
mimdinare SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis msxverplTan SedarebiT.

amasTanave, ruandis saerTaSoriso tribunalis wesdebis pirveli da meSvide

muxlebi tribunalis iurisdiqcias avrceleben mezobeli saxelmwifoebis
arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis samarTlis dacvazec. es imas
amtkicebs, rom SeiaraRebuli konfliqti, romelic SeiZleba vrceldeba
ramdenime saxelmwifos teritoriaze, rCeba arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebul
konfliqtad. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom "arasaerTaSoriso da
saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba masSi
monawile mxareebis mixedviT da ara konfliqtis gavrcelebis teritoriuli
niSnebiT".21

III. daskvna

zemoT moyvanili analizis safuZvelze, wjsk-m SeimuSava definicia, romelic

warmoadgens Zlier dominirebul samarTlebriv azrs:

1. saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti arsebobs maSin, roca adgili

aqvs or an met saxelmwifos Soris Zalis gamoyenebas.
2. arasaerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqti aris gangrZobadi
SeiaraRebuli dapirispireba saxelisuflebo SeiaraRebul Zalebsa da
erT an met SeiaraRebul jgufs Soris, an aseT jgufebs Soris,
romlebic arsebobs Jenevis konvenciebis xelSemkvreli saxelmwifos
teritoriaze. aseTi SeiaraRebuli dapirispireba unda aRwevdes
intesivobis minimalur dones da mxareebi unda atarebdnen minimalurad
organizebul xasiaTs mainc.

21
lisbeT zegveldi, SeiaraRebuli mowinaaRmdege jgufebis pasuxismgebloba
saerTaSoriso samarTalSi, kembriji, kembrijis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2002, gv.
136;