ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universiteti

presis Teoriisa da praqtikis kaTedra

xelnaweris uflebiT

marine judus asuli lomiZe

statiis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi

specialoba _ 10. 01. 10 _ Jurnalistika

sadisertacio naSromi filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis

samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori nodar tabiZe

Tbilisi

1998
 –2–

S e s a v a l i

masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa damkvidrebam kacobriobis evoluciis

rTul gzaze sazogadoebrivi inteleqtis formirebis procesSi Tvisobrivad axa-

li etapi Seqmna. am TvalsazrisiT presas gamorCeuli adgili ukavia. yoveli is-

toriuli etapi drois moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad mas Tavis kanonebs karnaxobs,

rac, upirveles yovlisa, publicistikis Sinaarsis Semdgom srulyofasa da dax-

vewas saWiroebs.

Cveni saukunis miwuruls momxdari udidesi Zvrebi _ socialur-politikur

movlenaTa swrafi ganviTareba, maTi farTo speqtri, masStaburoba da simZafre,

axal ekonomikur urTierTobaTa formireba, demokratiis dasawyisi, azrTa

pluralizmis damkvidreba _ aqtiurad SeiWra adamianuri moRvaweobis TiTqmis

yvela sferoSi. bunebrivia, mimdinare procesebma Taviseburi asaxva hpoves Se-

mecnebis publicistur formebsa da sinamdvilis aRqmis meTodebSi. am fonze Jan-

ris problema kidev ufro aqtualuri gaxda.

publicisturi Janri zogadad faqtis, movlenis, procesis aRwerisa da msje-

lobis garkveul meTodebs aerTianebs. masSi sxvadasxva formiTaa gamJRavnebuli

avtoris pozicia dakvirvebis obieqtis mimarT. Janrebs erTmaneTisagan ramdenime

ZiriTadi faqtori ganasxvavebs: miznobrivi daniSnuleba, informaciulobis done,

analizis siRrme da faqtobrivi masalis ganzogadeba. gardaqmnebisaTvis niSan-

doblivma aucileblobam presis Janrobriv mravalferovnebazec moaxdina gav-

lena. transformacia ganicada publicistikis TiTqmis yvela Janrma. Taname-

droveobis moTxovnebma da kanonzomierebam TiToeul maTgans garkveulad

daatyo Tavisi kvali.

literaturismcodneobis klasikosma v. Sklovskim mxatvruli literaturis

Janrobrivi formebis evoluciisa da transformaciis procesi naTlad daaxasia-

Ta. igi aRniSnavda, rom Janrebi ejaxebian ise, rogorc yinulebi yinulsvlis

dros. ixergebian, qmnian axal warmonaqmnebs adre arsebuli erTeulebisagan,

rac cxovrebis axleburad gaazrebis Sedegia (171, 266-267). samarTlianad fiqrobs

 –3–

publicistikis Teoretikosi, rom Janrobrivi urTierTqmedeba kidev ufro

TvalsaCino da intensiuria JurnalistikaSi (151, 18).

sagazeTo masalis qmediTobas gansazRvravs, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia mkiTxveli

daafiqros imaze, rac mis garSemo xdeba. amisaTvis ki mxolod faqtisa Tu movle-

nis konstatireba-dafiqsireba rodia sakmarisi. aucilebelia maTi mravalmxrivi

axsna, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris gaanalizeba, Sefaseba, ganzogadeba.

publicistur JanrTagan statias upirvelesad moeTxoveba am um-

niSvnelovanesi amocanis Sesruleba, radgan igi iTvaliswinebs cxovrebis yoveli

sferos saWirboroto problemis, sakiTxis gamoaSkaravebas. statia moicavs yve-

lafers, rac sazogadoebis cxovel interess iwvevs da gvaRelvebs _ Cveni arse-

bobisa da sulieri samyaros ganuyofeli nawili: warsulis gamocdileba, dRe-

vandeli yofa da sazrunavi, momavlis imedi da fiqri. aqedan SegviZlia da-

vaskvnaT, rom statiis Janrobrivi daniSnulebis Tavisebureba imiTac gamoix-

ateba, rom igi mkiTxvels garkveuli mniSvnelobiT azrovnebasac aswavlis _

swori msoflmxedvelobrivi pozicia Camouyalibos sagnebisa da movlenebis,

mimdinare sazogadoebriv-politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri da sxva procese-

bis mimarT.

farTo da mravlismomcveli `axleburi azrovneba“ sazogadoebis ganviTare-

bis gardatexis etapis winaaRmdegobriobas asaxavs (158, 97). cxovrebis Tanamed-

rove tempma, Tvisobrivma cvlilebebma presis gamosvlaTa mniSvneloba da pub-

likaciebisadmi sazogadoebrivi momTxovneloba gazarda.

amdenad, arsebulma mdgomareobam Cveni interesi Sesaswavli sakiTxisadmi

gaaRrmava. aqtualurad miviCnieT Seswavla im Janrisa, romelmac winaaRmdegobe-

biT aRsavse axali cxovrebis damkvidrebis pirobebSi unda uzrunvelyos adekva-

turi sazogadoebrivi Segnebis formireba. miznad davisaxeT gagverkvia, Tu ras

warmoadgens dRes qarTuli statia, rogoria misi Sinaarsobriv-struqturuli sa-

xe, ganviTarebis ra tendenciebs amJRavnebs, ramdenad pasuxobs sazogadoebis

Semdgomi winsvlis moTxovnebs.

 –4–

sakiTxis aqtualobas upirvelesad is garemoebac ganapirobebs, rom statias

qarTul sinamdvileSi didi tradiciebi gaaCnia. publicisturi azrovnebis Tval-

saCino warmomadgenlebi: i. WavWavaZe, n. nikolaZe, a. wereTeli da sxv. xSirad mi-

marTavdnen mas sakuTari Tvalsazrisis gamoxatvis mizniT. XIX saukunis

`daudgromel duRilsa da fexSeuferxebel moZraobaSi“ myofi sazogadoebriv-

politikuri cxovreba karg masalas iZleoda eris saukeTeso Svilebs amgvari

moRvaweobiTac udidesi zemoqmedeba moexdinaT qarTul cnobierebaze, sa-

zogadod, swori orientaciis Camoyalibebis rTul procesze.

sakiTxis Seswavlis mniSvnelobis ganmsazRvrelia is faqtoric, rom statia,

rogorc publicisturi Janri, qarTvel specialistTa mier naklebadaa ga-

mokvleuli.

presa da cxovreba erTmaneTs ganapirobeben: ramdenadac sisxlsavsea cxov-

reba, imdenad qmediTia presa.

ilia WavWavaZisaTvis sanukvari viTareba, roca „ ... Jurnal-gazeToba da

cxovreba da-ZmasaviT xeli-xels gayrilni midian, Jurnal-gazeToba win miuZRvis

cxovrebasa da gzas unaTebs, da cxovreba kidev mwignobrobis moedansa Tavisis

ukeTesis yvaviliTa hfens“ (67, 258), dResac sasurvel realobad rCeba Cveni

droisa da sazogadoebisaTvis. „Jurnal-gazeTobam“ ilias mier dasaxuli amo-

canis gadaWra rom SeZlos, ori pirobis Sesrulebaa arsebiTi:

a. TviT cxovreba, misi ganviTarebis tendenciebi unda iyos demokratiuli,

ramac jansaRi azriTa da suliskveTebiT unda kvebos presa.

b. presa daniSnulebisamebr WeSmaritad progresuli unda gaxdes, risTvisac

publicistikis Sinaarsis, misi Janrobrivi palitris gamravalferovnebacaa auci-

lebeli.

amave dros dResac sayuradReboa ilias mosazreba imis Taobazec, rom „Tvi-

sis Rirsebis mcnobeli, Tvisis pativismcemeli da keTilSobilur Tavmomwone“

gazeTi da Jurnali imave RirsebiTa da pativiscemiT unda moeqces calkeul pi-

rovnebasa da sazogadoebas (67, 260). sakuTari Tavisadmi ki presis dRevandel

 –5–

„pativismcemlobaSi“ upirvelesad sinamdvilis realuri, obieqturi asaxva unda

vigulisxmoT _ arsebuli problemebis zneobrivi principebiT, maRali profe-

siuli ostatobiT miwodeba mkiTxveli sazogadoebisaTvis.

akaki wereTelma mwerlobis arsi sakmaod xatovnad da erTgvarad filoso-

fiurad gansazRvra: „mwerloba zneobiTi da gonebiTi mesarkeobaa. nawerSi,

rogorc sarkeSi, naTlad unda isaxebodes mwerlis Tanadroeba misi siswor-sim-

rudiT, rom saistorio suraTebaT gadaeces momaval droebs. da rogorc sarkeSi

is isaxeba, rac mxolod mis garSemoa da rac mis gulSi Cahyurebs, ise poetis naw-

erSiac imas unda vxedavdeT, rac mis guls rogorc xalxis Tanaziars, moxvedria“

(59, 355).

akakis es mosazreba savsebiT SeiZleba gavavrceloT publicistikaze. miT uf-

ro, rom i.WavWavaZe „Jurnal-gazeTobas“ miiCnevs literaturis erTgvar nawilad

(68, 262) da zustad igive daniSnulebas akisrebs: „ ... igi aris sarke sazogadoebis

rTulis cxovrebisa, misi gonebiTis, zneobiTis moZraobisa“ (67, 257).

publicistika swored „zneobiTi da gonebiTi mesarkeobaa.“ Cvenma winapareb-

ma iseTi „nawerebi“ Seqmnes, rac maT „guls moxvedria“ da „Tanadroebas misis

siswor-simrudiT“ gadmogvcems. rac aseve mTavaria, maT naazrev-nafiqrals

mniSvneloba arc Cveni droisaTvis daukargavs; xolo ostatobis TvalsazrisiT

isini nimuSebs warmoadgenen. amitomac statiaze msjelobisas, ukanaskneli perio-

dis presis masalebis paralelurad, mivmarTavT qarTuli publicistikis Tval-

saCino warmomadgenlebs, romelTa memkvidreobis gverdis avliT am dargSi

kvleva SeuZlebelia. amasTan viTvaliswinebT im garemoebasac, rom speciali-

stebi Jurnalistikis Teorias gansazRvraven rogorc „... ñèñòåìó íàó÷íûõ âçãëÿäîâ

íà èñòîðè÷åñêèå ïðåäïîñûëêè âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ æóðíàëèñòèêè, íà åå...

õàðàêòåð, ñîäåðæàíèå, ôîðìû è ìåòîäû äåÿòåëüíîñòè... “ (129, 9).

Cvens mizans Seadgenda statiis ZiriTadi, specifikuri aspeqtebis Seswavla,

praqtikuli masalebis safuZvelze Janris ganmsazRvreli Sinaarsobriv-struqtu-

ruli niSan-Tvisebebis Camoyalibeba.

 –6–

migvaCnia, rom dRevandeli mravalferovani presis arsebobis pirobebSi,

roca Jurnalistikis Sinaarsi ase Zalumad ganicdis saxecvlilebas, mniSvnelova-

nia Janris ZiriTadi principis dafiqsireba. igi publicisturi nawarmoebis mim-

dinare transformaciasa da evolucias ufro TvalsaCinos gaxdis. mkvlevrebs sa-

Sualeba miecemaT Janris Seswavlili Teoriuli aspeqtebi samomavlod drois

moTxovnebs miusadagon da Seupirispiron, xolo praqtikos Jurnalistebs _ ganx-

iluli profesiuli ostatobis saSualebebi Tanamedrove mkiTxvelis sulier da

inteleqtualur potencials Seusatyvison. vfiqrobT, naSromi garkveul dax-

marebas gauwevs studentebs Janris TaviseburebaTa SeswavlaSi.

problemis damuSaveba daviwyeT statiis, rogorc publicisturi Janris, Ses-

wavlis mdgomareobis gaanalizebiT, radgan viziarebT mosazrebas, rom sakiTxis

istoriis Seswavla-damuSaveba yovelgvari keTilsindisieri kvlevis winapiro-

baa (94, 66). SevecadeT srulyofilad warmogvedgina rus da qarTvel mkvlevarTa

naSromebSi ganxiluli statia da masTan dakavSirebuli calkeuli sakiTxi.

aseve zogierTi ucxoeli avtoris Sexeduleba sagazeTo publikaciebis Sesaxeb.

ganvsazRvreT statiis sagnis specifika, miznobrivi daniSnulebis gaTvalis-

winebiT pirobiTad gamovyaviT statiis sami saxe: mowinave, problemuri, propa-

gandistuli.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad miviCnieT gagverkvia msjelobis formebi

statiaSi. vadasturebT misi msjelobisaTvis aucilebel formas _ deduqcias da

gamovyofT niSandobliv ramdenime sxva meTodsac: analizs, sinTezs, ganzogade-

bas, Sedarebas, analogias. CamoTvlil formebs arsebiTad miviCnevT statiaSi av-

toris ideis, poziciisa Tu koncefciis dasafiqsireblad. argumentacias statiis

umTavres niSnad gamovyofT.

faqtis universaluri mniSvneloba cnobili debulebaa publicistikis Teo-

riaSi. statiaSi faqti argumentis funqciiTaa gamoyenebuli. am JanrSi igi yvela

SemTxvevaSi msjelobis damadasturebeli monacemia.

 –7–

sainteresoa statiis kompoziciuri mxare, rac, Tavis mxriv, Jurnalistisagan

saTanado ostatobasa da profesionalizms moiTxovs.

sakiTxis Seswavlis dros yuradReba gavamaxvileT, Tu rogor asaxavs

statia cxovrebiseul sakiTxebs, rogor exmaureba maT da publicisturi ostato-

bis ra xerxebiT arTmevs Tavs mizans. mosazrebebisa da daskvnebis Camoyalibe-

bisas ZiriTadad veyrdnobodiT rus da qarTvel Teoretikosebs, xolo msjelo-

bis, SexedulebaTa sailustaciod, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, gamoviyeneT i.

WavWavaZis, a. wereTlis, n. nikolaZis statiebi da Tanamedrove qarTuli gazeTe-

bis (`saqarTvelos respublikis“, `Tbilisis“, `literaturuli saqarTvelos“, `7

dRis“, `dilis gazeTis“, `axalgazrda iverielis“, `dronis“, `qalTa gazeTis“) sa-

Tanado publikaciebi (1991-97 ww.).

 –8–

I Tavi. statiis Seswavlis mdgomareoba

statiis problematikis kvleva uSualod aris dakavSirebuli publicistikis

Seswavlis TeoriasTan. amitom Cven mier gansaxilveli problemis mdgomareobis

gaanalizebisas, gverds ver avuvliT publicistikis Teoriis etapobrivi ganviTa-

rebis zogad tendenciebs.

v. uConovas azriT, publicisturi procesis mkvlevarTa yuradReba koncent-

rirdeba `gamWol problemebze“ (146, 54). kerZod:

1) Janrebis funqciisa da struqturis Seswavla;

2) SemoqmedebiTi procesis zogadi kanonzomierebis dadgena.

ukanaskneli aTwleulebis manZilze Janrobriv sakiTxebs publikaciebis far-

To wre daeTmo. rogorc v. uConova miuTiTebs (146, 54), mTavari mimarTulebani

maTi Seswavlis saqmeSi erT-erTma pirvelma l. Suvalovam (172) jer kidev 50-

ian wlebSi gansazRvra.

Janrobriv TaviseburebaTa aspeqtebi sxvadasxva kuTxiTaa ganxiluli

mkvlevrebis m. Cerepaxovis (162, 163, 164, 165, 166), b. strelcovis (142, 143), e. Jurbi-

nas (107), i. maruSCakis (131), v. uConovas (151) da sxvaTa mier.

publicistikis JanrTa kvlevis ganzogadebuli Sedegebi sxvadasxva dros ga-

mocemul saxelmZRvaneloebsa da publikaciebSia gamoqveynebuli (96, 97, 105, 128

136, 137).

SemoqmedebiTi procesis zogadi kanonzomierebis kvlevis Sedegebi avtorTa

farTo wris seriozuli mecnieruli Rirebulebis naSromebSia ganxiluli. v. go-

roxovis, m. Cerepaxovis, e. proxorovis, v. zdorovegas, e. lazebnikis, v. Sandras,

m. stufliaevasa da sxvaTa gamokvlevebSi Tanamedrove mecnieruli kvlevis aqti-

uri meTodebia gamoyenebuli.

CvenTvis am tipis literatura saintereso aRmoCnda gansaxilvel sakiTxTan

publicisturi ostatobis mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT.

 –9–

statiasTan dakavSirebuli literatura mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT dagveyo

pirobiTad 2 jgufad: pirvel jgufSi gavaerTianeT is naSromebi, romlebic sta-

tiis Janrobriv funqcias, saxeebsa da struqturas gansazRvravs, xolo meore

jgufSi _ is gamokvlevebi, romlebic statiis calkeul aspeqts ganixilavs.

amasTan, SevecadeT dagvecva qronologiuri principi.

statiis problemebis Seswavlis pirveli etapi 50-iani wlebis dasawyiss

ukavSirdeba. 50-70-iani wlebis naSromebSi (garkveulwilad Semdgomi periodis

gamokvlevebSic) saerTo Sefasebebsa da ganzogadebebs marqsizm-leninizmis

klasikosTa publicisturi memkvidreoba daedo safuZvlad, radgan im periodis

mecnierul-Teoriuli mimarTulebebis ganviTarebas swored marqistul-

leninuri moZRvreba gansazRvravda. Sesabamisad, publicistikis Teoriis sa-

kiTxebis SeswavlaSi ZiriTadi aqcentebi swored masze iyo dafuZnebuli.

Cven mier gamoyofili pirveli jgufis naSromTa Soris yuradRebas imsaxu-

rebs 50-60-ian wlebSi gamoqveynebuli publikaciebi (n. xlinovi (156, 155), a. krug-

lovi (123, 124), l. iliCevi (113), a. miSurisi, v. pelti (132), v. Sandra (168) da sxv.),

romlebSic mowinave statia, rogorc Janris saxeoba, sxva JanrebTanaa Sedarebu-

li da Sepirispirebuli.

statiis Seswavlis mdgomareobis gansazRvrisas 50-iani wlebis naSromebidan

gasaTvaliswinebelia a. kruglovisa (124, 3) da n. xlinovis (156, 91) publikaciebi,

romlebSic isini Janrobriv modifikacias iZlevian da mecnieruli kvlevis saku-

Tar Tvalsazriss ayalibeben (maTze Cven sagangebod vamaxvilebT yuradRebas

statiis saxeebze msjelobisas).

im periodis gamokvlevaTa Soris Teoriuli aspeqtiT SedarebiT srulyofi-

lia a. kruglovis zemoxsenebuli naSromi. mowinave statiis cnobili qvesaxeebis

(propagandistuli, saerTo politikuri, operatiuli) paralelurad avtori ga-

moyofs mowinave statiis niSandoblivad gansxvavebul saxes. kerZod, @\\\ gthtlj-

dfz cnfnmz= cjghjdj;lf.ofz b j,j,of.ofz vfnthbfks= jge,kbrjdfyyst d njv ;t yjvtht bkb d hzlt

ghtlitcnde.ob[ yjvthjd@\
 – 10 –

SedarebiT srulyofilia statiis xlinoviseuli gansazRvreba: @Cnfnmz= jc-

yjdyfz ajhvf bccktljdfybz cj,snbq= ghjgfufyls gthtljds[ bltq b yfexyjq byajhvfwbbq\ Ibhjnf

ntjhtnbxtcrb[ b ghfrnbxtcrb[ j,j,otybq= dsdjljd= gjkj;tybq= yfb,jkmifz gj chfdytyb. c lheubvb

;fyhfvb jcyjdfntkmyjcnm fyfkbpf afrnjd= kjubxyjcnm b wtktecnhtvktyyjcnm d cnfnmt cjxtnftncz

c gjgekzhyjcnm.= lj[jlxbdjcnm.= j,hfpyjcnm. zpsrf b cnbkz@ (157= 6)\

am literaturis gacnoba-Seswavlam dagvarwmuna, rom a. rooti maT marTebu-

lad aniWebs saswavlo-meTodur da samecniero Rirebulebas (140, 10).

50-iani wlebis Jurnalistikis Tematikaze `vestnik moskovskovo universite-

taSi“ gamoqveynebul naSromTa Soris sayuradReboa b. baluevis `problemuri

statia“ (89, 45). masSi statiaze muSaobis ramdenime aspeqtia ganxiluli:

_ faqtis roli;

_ gazeTis mier problemuri sakiTxis dasma `diskusiis wesiT“;

_ Jurnalisturi praqtika _ mkiTxvelTa werilebisa da signalebis safuZ-

velze movlenis obieqturobis dadgena, faqtebidan gamomdinare problemuri

Temis damuSaveba. avtori TiToeul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT konkretul ma-

galiTebs asaxelebs `gudokis“, `komsomolskaia pravdis“, `pravda severis“

muSaobis gamocdilebidan. mkvlevari sworad aRniSnavs, rom misTvis is niSan-

Tvisebebia aucilebeli, romlebic yvela sagazeTo statiisaTvisaa damaxasiaTe-

beli: kerZod, principuloba, damajerebloba, publicisturi simwvave, mkveTri

stili, emociuroba (89, 56).

marTebulia daskvna, rom yvela am komponentis gareSe statia mosawyeni da

uferulia; SesaZloa, daikargos kidec gazeTis furclebze, miuxedavad imisa, rom

masSi marTlac mniSvnelovani problemaa wamoWrili.

b. baluevi dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad teqnikuri gaformebis sxvadasxva sa-

Sualebaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas: msxvilSriftiani saTaurebi da qvesaTaurebi,

gverdze masalis ganlagebis formebi da sxv. (89, 56).

amave periodis publikaciebidan aranakleb sainteresoa Jurnalebis `sovet-

skaia peCatisa“ da `Jurnalistis“ furclebze dabeWdili statiebi, romelTa avto-

 – 11 –

rebi: a. SiSkovi (170, 38), m. kurtinini (125, 21), s. balbekovi (88, 24), v. xoxlaCevi

(160, 36), m. lazebniki (127, 24), v. Jidkovi (106, 24) da sxvebi mowinave statiaze mu-

Saobis sakuTar gamocdilebas gviziareben.

70-iani wlebis specialur literaturaSi rus mkvlevarTagan statia yvelaze

srulyofilad n. kolesovisa da d. bekasovis mieraa Seswavlili.

n. kolesovi saswavlo-meTodur saxelmZRvaneloSi _ `sabWoTa perioduli

beWdviTi sityvis Janrebi“ (119, 8) gansazRvravs statiis arss, gvTavazobs Janris

saxeebad dayofis models, ayalibebs statiaze muSaobis ZiriTad etapebs.

d. bekasovi naSromSi `statia“ (90) gamoyofs 3 ZiriTad sakiTxs: Janris Tavi-

sebureba, statiis saxeebi, statiaze muSaoba. mkvlevars ZiriTadad igive poziciebi

aqvs Camoyalibebuli wignSi `korespondencia, statia _ publicistikis Janrebi“

(91). masSi gamoyenebulia marqsizm-leninizmis klasikosTa memkvidreoba. statia

daxasiaTebulia rogorc materialuri da sulieri cxovrebis movlenebis, faqte-

bis kvlevis, maTi ganzogadebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi forma. saintereso

paralelebia gavlebuli statiasa da korespondencias Soris. ganmartebulia

faqtis mniSvneloba publicistur JanrSi zogadad da konkretulad statiaSi. av-

tori gvTavazobs statiis saxeebis miseul klasifikacias, ayalibebs v. i. leninis

cnobil formulirebas statiaze muSaobis SemoqmedebiTi procesis 3 etapis Ses-

axeb.

imave, 1972 wels gamocemul wignSi `sabWoTa sagazeTo Janrebi“ (92, 167), d. be-

kasovi iZleva statiis terminis gansazRvrebas. iSveliebs v. dalisa da d.

uSakovis ganmartebiT leqsikonebs, did sabWoTa enciklopedias da gamoyofs

statiis 6 saxes (maTze konkretulad Cveni sadisertacio naSromis meore TavSi,

statiis sa- xeebze msjelobisas iqneba saubari).

v. golubevis mosazrebebs safuZvlad daedo gazeT `socialistiCeskaia in-

dustriis“ gamocdileba, romlis mTavari redaqtoric naSromis avtori iyo (98,

66). igi problemuri statiis winaSe Semdeg ZiriTad moTxovnebs ayenebs:

_ problemis arsis gadmocema;

 – 12 –

_ warmoqmnili problemis gadaWris aucileblobis damtkiceba, problemis

gadawyvetis socialuri efeqturobisa da mizanSewonilobis dasabuTeba;

_ wamoWril winaaRmdegobaTa aRmofxvris realuri gzebis Cveneba anu

problemis gadaWra.

d. avraamovi, Jurnal `Jurnalistis“ mTavari redaqtoris moadgile, propa-

gandistuli statiis arsebiT parametrebs warmoaCens da xazgasmiT gamoyofs

yvelaze niSandoblivs: damajereblobas, darwmunebas, argumentacias, mkiTxveli-

saTvis statiis sagnis advilad aRqmas. avtoris pozicia naTelia: propaganistuli

statiis umTavresi ganmasxvavebeli niSani misi Sinaarsi da daniSnulebaa.

amgvari publikacia dRis saWirboroto aqtualuri sakiTxiTaa nakarnaxevi. igi

mkiTxvels exmareba cxovrebiseuli praqtikisa da Teoriuli debulebebis safuZ-

velze movlenebisa da faqtebis gaazrebaSi (82, 51).

a. rootis monografia `mowinave statiis Janris istoria“ (140) saintereso

naSromia ara marto Jurnalistikis istoriis, aramed Janris Teoriuli kvlevis

TvalsazrisiTac. avtori mimoixilavs mowinave statiis warmoSobisa da ganviTa-

rebis istoriul aspeqtebs. igi ganixilavs da axasiaTebs amgvari statiebis tipo-

logias, kvaldakval mihyveba revoluciur-demokratiuli ideologiis formire-

bis process, Janris tradiciebis analizs.

v. pelti sagazeTo Janrebis problemaTa ganxilvisas yuradRebas statiaze

amaxvilebs (135, 34). igi Janris sagansa da funqcias zogadad ganixilavs. sworia

da gasaziarebeli Teoretikosis ganmarteba statiis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad,

publicistikis umTavresi analitikuri Janri arCeul Temas Rrmad, dasabuTebu-

lad da argumentirebulad ikvlevs. problemis Seswavlis safuZvelze avtori

aviTarebs azrs, rom statia emyareba faqtTa sistemas, magram mis qmediTobas ar-

gumentirebuli msjeloba gansazRvravs.

v. pelti statiis mniSvnelobas marqsizm-leninizmis klasikosTa memkvidreo-

bis konkretuli nimuSebis moxmobiT asabuTebs. igi gvTavazobs statiis 3 saxes:

mowinaves, Teoriul-propagandistulsa da sakiTxis wamomWrels, problemurs.

 – 13 –

mkvlevari statiis gansakuTrebul qvesaxeebad publicistur komentarsa da pub-

licistis SeniSvnas gamoyofs (maT Sesaxeb Cven statiis saxeebis ganxilvisas

vsaubrobT).

ukanaskneli wlebis gamokvlevebSi statia yvelaze ufro srulyofilad da,

vfiqrobT, swori mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT b. strelcovis mieraa ganxiluli

(144, 105).

publicistikis Teoriis axal kvleviT mimarTulebaSi mniSvnelovnad gveCve-

neba Janrobrivi diferenciaciis Semdegi niSnebi:

pirveli: obieqtis asaxvis xasiaTi;

meore: konkretuli daniSnuleba;

mesame: daskvnebisa da ganzogadebis sxvadasxva masStabi;

meoTxe: enobriv-stilur saSualebaTa gamoyenebis Taviseburebani

(144, 17).

mkvlevars samarTlianad miaCnia, rom oTxive niSnis kompleqsurad gaTva-

liswinebis gareSe SeuZlebelia Janris obieqturi daxasiaTeba da Secdomebis Ta-

vidan acileba. individualobasTan erTad, Janrebs aqvT zogadi niSnebi, rac maT

jgufebad gaerTianebis safuZvels iZleva. gasaziarebelia sami Janrobrivi jgufi,

romelsac b. strelcovi gvTavazobs:

informaciuli Janrebi (SeniSvna, angariSi, interviu, reportaJi, Canaxati);

analitikuri Janrebi (korespondencia, statia, recenzia, mimoxilva, komenta-

ri, presis mimoxilva, werilebis mimoxilva);

mxatvrul-publicisturi (narkvevi, ese, feletoni, pamfleti).

mkvlevari wignSi yvela mis mier gamoyofil publicistur Janrs axasiaTebs.

avtori arsebiTsa da niSandoblivs gamoyofs, ris safuZvelzec ayalibebs

Semdeg ganmartebas: statia @'nj ;fyh ge,kbwbcnbrb= jcyjdfyysq yf zcyjv hfpdbnbb cnhjuj

jghtltktyyjq vsckb= rjnjhfz gjlrhtgkztncz cbcntvjq fhuevtynjd b nbgbxtcrb[ afrnjd b gjkexftn

jrjyxfntkmyjt dshf;tybt d j,j,otybz[ b dsdjlf[= yfghfdktyys[ xthtp fdnjhcrbt htrjvtylfwbb yf

ljcnb;tybt rjyrhtnys[ htpekmnfnjd@ (144= 110)\

 – 14 –

b. strelcovi statiis sam saxes ganixilavs: mowinaves, propagandistulsa da

problemurs. igi propagandistulsa da Teoriul statias mkveTrad gamijnavs. am

ukanasknels samecniero literaturas miakuTvnebs, xolo propagandistuls pub-

licistikis sakuTrebad Tvlis. Tumca, rogorc igi aRniSnavs, xSirad am ori saxis

statias erTi da igive Tematika gaaCnia (144, 122).

mkvlevari, konkretuli magaliTebis moxmobiT, statiis TiToeuli saxeobi-

saTvis damaxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebebs ganixilavs. 80-iani wlebis rusuli presis

analizi mas sagulisxmo daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvels aZlevs: statiis yovel sa-

xeobas propagandistuli mimarTuleba aerTianebs. es aris sayrdeni, riTac maTi

urTierTqmedeba da Semdgomi integracia xdeba. Tu adre statia diferenciaciis-

admi midrekilebis tendenciebs avlenda, bolo periodSi Janris integracia Sei-

niSneba. amasTan, b. strelcovi xazgasmiT miuTiTebs, rom es Janris TiToeuli

saxeobis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis waSla-dakargvas ar niSnavs. isini ZalaSi

rCeba. @Jlyfrj yt d vtymitq vtht jxtdblyj= xnj dct dvtcnt ytcen xbnfntk. wtkjcnye. kjubxtcrb

gjcktljdfntkmye. cbcntve pyfybq j cfvjv j,otcndt b hfpys[ ajhvf[ jnyjitybq d j,otcndt=

ghjuhtcbdys[ b ytufnbdys[ ntyltywbz[ b[ hfpdbnbz\ "nbv cfvsv ;fyh dsgjkyztn tlbye.

ghjgfufylbcncre. aeyrwb.= cke;bn ltke ajhvbhjdfybz yfexyjuj vbhjdjpphtybz@ (144= 128)\

qarTvel mkvlevarTagan statiis Janrobrivi klasifikaciis sakiTxebi Ses-

wavlilia prof. t. kvanWilaSvilisa da i. natroSvilis mier.

prof. t. kvanWilaSvili wignSi `sabWoTa Jurnalistikis Teoriis sakiTxebi“

statias gansakuTrebul adgils akuTvnebs (22, 90). mkvlevari statiisaTvis damaxa-

siaTebel niSnebs ganixilavs, mimoixilavs specialistTa Sexedulebebs da Janris

saxeebad dayofis sakuTar klasifikacias gvTavazobs.

mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, ganvixiloT prof. i. natroSvilis statiisadmi

miZRvnili is naSromi, romelic 1978 wels gamocemul krebulSi _ `sabWoTa Jur-

nalistikis Teoria da praqtika“ (33, 117) daibeWda. masSi avtoris mosazrebani

ufro vrclad da axleburadaa warmodgenili, vidre mis adreul naSromSi (32,

37).
 – 15 –

prof. i. natroSvili statiis gansazRvrebas ayalibebs, Janris saxeebs gamo-

yofs da TiToeul maTgans axasiaTebs (maTze konkretulad statiis saxeebis gan-

xilvisas mivuTiTebT sadisertacio naSromis meore TavSi).

statiis calkeuli aspeqtis amsaxvel naSromTa mimoxilvas publicistikis

cnobili Teoretikosis m. Cerepaxovis im gamokvlevebiT daviwyebT, sadac statiis

Janrobrivi Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisia gamoTqmuli.

wignSi `publicistikis Teoriis problemebi“ (164) JanrTa specifikis, Sinaarsisa

da struqturis sakiTxebs mTeli Tavi aqvs daTmobili. statiis Cerepaxoviseuli

ganmarteba Semdegia: @Cnfnmz jlby bp jcyjdys[ ;fyhjd ge,kbwbcnbxtcrjuj dblf= [fhfr-

nthbpe.obqcz gjcnfyjdrjq ghj,ktvs= hfphf,jnrjq obhjrjuj pyfxtybz dsdjljd yf jcyjdt fyfkbpf

zdktybq dpznb[ d ytjuhfybxtyyjv vfcinf,t= yf jcyjdt ntjhtnbxtcrb[ gjcskjr b j,j,otyys[ lfyys[@

(164= 252)\

mkvlevari publicisturi Semecnebis meTodebis gaanalizebisas statias saku-

Tari debulebebisa da mosazrebebis dasasabuTeblad imowmebs. mas Janris Sinaar-

sis, struqturis SesaZleblobebisa da tendenciebis ganviTarebis magaliTad

statia miaCnia. Sesabamisi sqemis saSualebiT adasturebs, rom statiaSi mecnier-

uli argumentaciis xarisxi maRldeba, roca daskvnebi Teoriul-publicistur

xasiaTs iZens.

imave avtoris wignSi `publicistis ostatobis saidumloebani“ (166) faqtis

funqciis, analizis xelovnebis, ganzogadebis procesis sakiTxebze msjelobisas

statiac aris damowmebuli. avtoris mosazrebani friad sagulisxmoa, rasac naS-

romSi dasmuli sakiTxebis ganxilvisas viziarebT da veyrdnobiT.

v. goroxovisa da p. peltis wignSi `Jurnalistis ostatoba“ faqtTan mimar-

TebaSi statiis Sesaxebacaa saubari: @Cnfnmz ,thtn afrns d ukj,fkmys[ vfcinf,f[= fyf-

kbpbhetn b[= gjlsvftn lj dctj,ob[= yfexyj-j,jcyjdfyys[ dsdjljd ntjhtnbrj-ghfrnbxtcrjuj gkfyf@

(100= 128)\

@Cnfnmz= rjhhtcgjyltywbz ,tp afrnjd= gjcnhjtyyfz yf evjphbntkmys[ hfcce;ltybz[=

,eltn\\\ @gjkbnbxtcrjq nhtcrjnytq@ (100= 128)\

 – 16 –

v. pelti naSromSi `sagazeTo Janrebi 1980 wlis sabWoTa presis furclebze“

(134) aRniSnavs, rom mniSvnelovani dokumentebis ganxilva sxvadasxva Janris (sta-

tiis, korespondenciis, werilis) saSualebiT xdeboda.

80-ian wlebSi gamoqveynebul naSromTa Soris gasaTvaliswinebelia ori

publikacia statiis enobriv-stilur sakiTxebze.

pirveli maTgani _ g. soglanikis `mowinave statiis ena da stili“ (141)

soliduri naSromia. avtori asabuTebs mowinave statiis mniSvnelobas, iTvalis-

winebs Janris specifikas da aanalizebs leqsikasa da frazeologias. gamokvleva

`pravdisa“ da `izvestiis“ gamocdilebis saintereso nimuSebs ganixilavs. avtorma

leqsikur-stilisturi analizis safuZvelze mowinave statiisaTvis damaxasiaTe-

beli neitraluri, wignuri, specialuri, sasaubro, xalxuri leqsika gamoyo; gan-

sazRvra maTi xvedriTi wili mowinave statiaSi. mkvlevari adasturebs, rom emo-

ciuri Sefasebis gamoxatvaSi frazeologias leqsikaze aranaklebi roli ekis-

reba. igi mowinave statiis stilisturi koloritis Seqmnas mniSvnelovnad ga-

napirobebs.

g. soglaniki mowinave statiaSi sagangebod gamoyofs mxatvrulobis prob-

lemas, rac gamomsaxvelobis sakiTxTanaa gaigivebuli. avtori statiaSi mxat-

vruli tropis (metafora, epiTeti, Sedareba da sxv.), andazebis, citatis, sxva Jan-

ris (reportaJis, narkvevis, Canaxatis) elementebis gamoyenebas TvalsaCino

adgils uTmobs. sainteresoa mkvlevris Tvalsazrisi metyvelebis nawilebis

rolze mowinave statiaSi. igi naTel warmodgenas iZleva am Janris rusuleno-

vani nawarmoebis gramatikul aspeqtebze.

v. Sestovas statiaSi (169) mecnieruli stilis `specifikuri Tvisebis reali-

zacia“ _ Txrobis logikuroba _ leqsikur-gramatikuli da funqciuri sinTezis

donezea ganxiluli. Catarebuli kvleva avtors metyvelebis urTierTganmapi-

robebel TaviseburebaTa gamomsaxvelobiTi sistemis gamovlenis saSualebas

aZlevs. publikacia damxarebas gauwevs praqtikos rusulenovan Jurnalistebs,

romlebic samecniero problemis amsaxvel statiaze muSaoben.

 – 17 –

ukanaskneli wlebis specialuri literaturis Seswavlam dagvanaxa, rom

presis, radio-televiziis praqtikosi Jurnalistebis, Jurnal-gazeTebis re-

daqtorebis zogierTi mosazreba sayuradReboa da calkeul SemTxvevaSi aSkarad

gasaziarebeli.

`sovetskaia rosias“ mTavari redaqtoris pirveli moadgile v. Cikini msje-

lobs iseTi seriozuli Janrebis yovelmxriv mxardaWeraze, rogoricaa `socia-

lur-ekonomikuri narkvevi, narkvevi-gamokvleva, sociologiuri statia, socia-

luri portreti“ (167, 127). termini `sociologiuri statia“ (@cjwbjkjubxtcrfz cnf-

nmz@) Sesabamis literaturaSi sxvagan arsad Segvxvedria. avtori dasaxelebul

terminebs ar ganmartavs. misi azriT, isini Jurnalistikis e. w. `mZime artile-

rias“ miekuTvneba.

SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom praqtikosi Jurnalisti `sociologiur statiaSi“

gulisxmobs sociologiis sakiTxebis an problemebis amsaxvel sagazeTo masalas.

am SemTxvevaSi statiis saxe gansazRvrulia Tematuri principis mixedviT, rasac

ar viziarebT.

e. ivanova _ gazeT `izvestiis“ redaqtori skolebisa da umaRlesi saswavleb-

lebis ganyofilebis ganxriT _ xazgasmiT aRniSnavs (110, 198) ukanaskneli wlebis

tendenciaze: Janrebi da zogierTi problemisadmi midgoma Seicvala. igi nimuSad

iyenebs mowinave statias, romelic, avtoris SexedulebiT, maRal profesiul os-

tatobas moiTxovs. Jurnalistebi mas iSviaTad mimarTaven da garkveuli sifrT-

xiliT ekidebian. isini Tvlian, rom mowinave statia mosawyenia da profesiuli

TvalsazrisiT naklebad saintereso.

e. ivanovas azriT, es mcdari Sexedulebaa, radgan Jurnalists sakuTari Se-

saZleblobebis srulad gamovlenis saSualebas swored es Janri aZlevs, raSic

avtors unda daveTanxmoT. igi sakuTari gamocdilebidan askvnis, rom gazeT `iz-

vestiis“ mowinave statiebi cxovel interessa da gamoxmaurebas iwveven. mowi-

naveTa aqtualuri Tematika mkiTxvelTa auditoriis umravlesobas izidavs. e.

ivanova aseve iwonebs da iziarebs `nedelias“ mowinave statiebis dadebiT ga-

 – 18 –

mocdilebas. misi azriT, e. w. `redaqtoris svetebi“ Tematurad mravalferovania,

magram erTi ZiriTadi idea aqvs: pirovneba-moqalaqis aRzrda. es ki presis

mniSvnelovani amocanaa (110, 198). naSromSi sworadaa Sefasebuli mowinave sta-

tiis mniSvneloba da roli sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis saqmeSi.

prof. v. zdorovega aRniSnavs (108, 107), rom Tanamedrove (igulisxmeba

70-iani wlebi) publikaciebSi msjelobis nacvlad avtorTa gancxadebebi Warbobs,

rac gansakuTrebiT mowinave statiebSi SeiniSneba. darwmunebis xelovnebis sakiT-

xebze msjelobisas Teoretikosi sagangebod miuTiTebs, rom ideebis damajereb-

lobas emociuri faqtori ganapirobebs. saWiroa sakuTari azris imgvarad ganvi-

Tareba, rom mkiTxveli aRfrTovandes, gauxardes an aRSfoTdes.

a. kalaCinski argumentaciis cnebis gansazRvrisas samamulo da ucxour lite-

raturaSi aRiarebul Sexedulebas eyrdnoba _ argumentaciis sistema, rogorc

cnobili Tezisis damtkicebisa da auditoriis darwmunebis procesebis ganuyofe-

li organuli erTianoba (116, 123).

avtori aRniSnavs, rom yoveli teqsti igeba Tavisi kanonebisa da normebis

mixedviT, romlebic mis winaSe dasaxuli amocanebis efeqturad Sesrulebas isa-

xavs miznad. a. kalaCinski Tvlis, rom es moTxovna statiisaTvis yvelaze metad

aris damaxasiaTebeli. mkvlevarma dakvirvebisa da anketuri Seswavlis safuZ-

velze sagulisxmo daskvnebi Camoayaliba:

1) publicisturi gamosvlis efeqturobis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi unda

iqnas miRebuli teqstis xarisxi;

2) teqstis efeqturoba masSi wamoyenebuli debulebebis argumentirebis xa-

risxzea damokidebuli;

3) argumentaciis cnebaSi igulisxmeba mtkicebisa da darwmunebis logikuri

da fsiqologiuri procesebis erTianoba;

4) argumentaciis sistemaSi gansakuTrebuli roli eniWeba teqstSi avtori-

seuli `mes“ gamovlenis xarisxs (116, 129).

 – 19 –

migvaCnia, rom avtoris mosazrebebi saintereso da angariSgasawevia publi-

cistur nawarmoebTa, da konkretulad, statiis Seswavla-gaanalizebisas.

ukanaskneli periodis naSromebSi mkvlevarTa yuradReba mipyrobilia cal-

keul pirovnebaTa publicisturi ostatobis sakiTxebze.

am mxriv sagulisxmoa l. vvedenskaias wigni `etiudebi m. sturuas ostatobis

Sesaxeb“ (95). masSi sagnobrivadaa gaanalizebuli m. sturuas publicisturi sity-

vis Zala, misi qmediToba. avtorma analizisa da teqstis komponentTa Soris

kavSirebis CvenebiT Jurnalistis stilis Taviseburebani gamoavlina. amasTan,

wignSi publicisturi nawarmoebis enis daniSnulebis, misi informaciuli, emoci-

uri funqciis sakiTxebia ganxiluli. Jurnalistis publikaciebis enis gamomsaxvel

saSualebaTa ganxilvis safuZvelze mklevari asabuTebs, rom maTi urTierT-

kavSiri Janrobrivi, kompoziciuri TaviseburebebiTaa ganpirobebuli.

l. vvedenskaia xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom m. sturuas axasiaTebs sityvis saoca-

ri SegrZneba, teqstSi sityvaTa mravalmxrivi daniSnulebiT gamoyeneba, frazis

gaazreba, andazis, aforizmis, frTiani gamonaTqvamis ostaturi moxmoba. mkvleva-

ri Jurnalistis ostatobis Sefasebisas miuTiTebs, rom igi araCveulebriv mxatv-

rul-publicistur unars flobs. calkeul, zogjer ubralo faqtSi, erTi Sexed-

viT umniSvnelo detalSi, Jurnalists SeuZlia dainaxos mTavari, mniSvnelovani;

igi dasamaxsovrebel, socialuri mniSvnelobis saxed gardasaxos da Seqmnas

saxeTa mTeli sistema, romelic avsebs da amdidrebs erTmaneTs.

wignSi `Jurnalisturi ostatobis safuZvlebi“ v. goroxovi publicistikis

sakiTxebze saubrisas Jurnalisturi nawarmoebis formisa da Sinaarsis

urTierTkavSiris problemas ganixilavs. avtori gamoyofs siuJetis saxeobas _

problemurs da aRniSnavs, rom igi ufro xSirad gvxvdeba sxva JanrTa Soris

statiaSic @nfv= ult xbnfntk. ghtlkfuftncz drk.xbnmcz d @byntkktrnefkmye. bynhbue@

cjghz;tyye. c gjbcrjv jndtnf yf gjcnfdktyysq fdnjhjv djghjc@ (101= 108)\

v. uConova wignSi `Jurnalistikis SemoqmedebiTi horizontebi“ (147) Jurna-

listikisa da publicistikis saintereso aspeqtebs aanalizebs. igi iyenebs termins

 – 20 –

`Jurnalisturi Janrebi“. avtori JanrTa dokumentalizmis variantebze saubrisas

Jurnalistur analitikur Janrebad miiCnevs korespondencias, statias, recenzias,

mimoxilvas, reportaJs; ayalibebs azrs, rom am JanrebSi @ljrevtynfkbpv abrcbhetvs[

afrnjd b cj,bhftvs[ cdbltntkmcnd ce,jhlbybhetncz fdnjhcrjq vsckm.= kjubrjq fdnjhcrjq

rjywtgwbb@\

sadisertacio naSromis sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi mniSvnelovania prof. n. tabi-

Zis wigni `ilia WavWavaZis publicistika“ (43). masSi ilias publicistikis mraval-

mxrivi kvlevis kvaldakval gamoTqmulia bevri sagulisxmo debuleba da mosaz-

reba, rasac Cvens naSromSi calkeul sakiTxze msjelobisas mTlianad veyrdno-

biT.

gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa prof. n. tabiZis naSromebi `Jurnal `iveriis“

statiebi“ (44) da `saTauri gazeTSi“ (45). pirvelSi mecnieris mier Jurnal `ive-

riis“ statiebis publicisturi ostatobis sakiTxebzea yuradReba gamaxvilebuli

_ mTeli kompleqsia gaanalizebuli: problemis dasma da dasabuTeba, citatebis

mniSvneloba, dapirispireba,analogia, mxatvruli elementebis gamoyenebis gzebi

_ `mxatvruli detalizacia, Seferadebuli aRqma calkeuli situaciis momentebisa

da tropebis (metafora, epiTeti, Sedareba) momarjveba“ (44, 103), gradacia, argu-

mentacia, saTauris saxeebi da sxv.

Jurnal `iveriis“ statiebis safuZvelze prof. n. tabiZis mier Camoyalibebu-

li debulebebi Tanamedrove presis nimuSebis ganxilva-Sefasebis drosac usa-

Tuod gasaziarebelia, isini Seicaven Janris specifikisaTvis damaxasiaTebel gan-

zogadebul daskvnebs.

naSromSi `saTauri gazeTSi“ (45) safuZvlianadaa warmoCenili mxatvruli

literaturis, mecnierebisa da publicistikis TxzulebaTa saTaurebi, TvalsaCi-

noa maT Soris msgavseba-Sedarebis aspeqtebi, gaanalizebulia zogierTi publi-

cisturi Janris nawarmoebis (feletoni, reportaJi, SeniSvna) saTaurebis speci-

fika. prof. n. tabiZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs mowinave werilebis saTaurze, rac am

Janris kompoziciur TaviseburebaTa daxasiaTebisas, udavod gasaTvaliswinebeli

 – 21 –

da gasaziarebelia: `mowinave werili wminda publicisturi Txzulebaa da amitom

misi saTauric nakleb mxatvrulia... mowinave werilSi ganzogadebuli msjeloba

gvaqvs, ris gamoc misi saxelwodeba farTo da tevadi unda iyos“ (45, 346). `mowi-

naveTa saTaurebi xSir SemTxvevaSi lozungebs hgavs, maT direqtiuli xasiaTi

aqvT. isini migvaniSneben Temisa da avtoris ganwyobilebazec, oRond zogadad.

maT didi mamobilizebuli unari moepovebaT“ (45, 346).

d. tyebuCavas wignSi `publicisturi teqstis Sinaarsobrivi elementebi“

mkvlevris mier faqtis, argumentis, ideis ganxiluli zogierTi aspeqti statiis

JanrisTvisacaa damaxasiaTebeli (47).

unda aRiniSnos, rom statiis terminTan dakavSirebiT ucxour inglisureno-

van literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba SeiniSneba. mag., statiad iwodeba `edito-

riali“ (Editorial), `artikli“ (Article) da `fiTCer an fiTCer sTori“ (Feature or feature

story).

`editoriali“ iseTi sagazeTo publikaciaa, romelSic gadmocemulia redaq-

toris, redaqciis azri problemis Sesaxeb (179, 620; 174, 226; 178, 385). mas mowinave

werilsac uwodeben. `redaqtoris svetebSi“ subieqturi azris gamomxatveli mo-

sazrebebia Tavmoyrili (175, 172).

`artikli“ specifikur sakiTxze dawerili aramxatvruli sagazeTo an saJur-

nalo Txzulebaa (170, 118; 177, 90).

`fiTCeri an fiTCer sTori“ sagazeTo an saJurnalo statiaa, romelSic

movlenis ZiriTadi aspeqtebia gadmocemuli, dawerilia individualuri stiliT

da avtoris Tvalsazrisi vlindeba (179, 705; 178, 444).

`fiTCer sToris“ `ferad moTxrobasac“ uwodeben, radgan masSi mxatvruli

aRwera sWarbobs. igi obieqtur faqtebs emyareba (173, 619). siuJeturi qarga mkiTx-

velis dainteresebas isaxavs miznad, asaxvis obieqti naCvenebia mravali profi-

liT. am tipis publikaciebSi faqtebis gadmocema, Txrobis individualuri stili

da ostatoba mkiTxvelis emociis gamowvevas emsaxureba (176, 187).

 – 22 –

amrigad, statiis Seswavlis mdgomareobis gaanalizeba safuZvels gvaZlevs

davaskvnaT: mkvlevarTa erToblivi mcdelobiT zogadad Camoyalibebulia Jan-

ris Teoriuli safuZvlebi, rac ZiriTadad publicistikis Sesaxeb marqsizm-

leninizmis klasikosTa moZRvrebas emyareba. Cven mier dasaxelebul naSromTa

avtorebi sakuTar mosazrebas umTavresad partiul-sabWoTa beWdviTi sityvis

organoebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT ayalibeben.

ganxiluli Teoriuli aspeqtebidan viziarebT b. strelcovis (144) mosazre-

bebs Janris gansazRvrebis, saxeebad klasifikaciis modelis Sesaxeb. aseve misaRe-

bad migvaCnia calkeul avtorTa _ m. Cerepaxovis (164, 166), a. kalaCinskis (116),

g. soglanikis (141), l. vvedenskaias (95), v. golubevis (98), d. avraamovis (82), n. ta-

biZis (43, 44, 45), t. kvanWilaSvilis (22), d. tyebuCavas (47) zogierTi Sexeduleba,

ris Sesaxebac zemoT ukve mivuTiTeT.

migvaCnia, rom statia Tavisi mniSvnelobisa da formis TvalsazrisiT sagan-

gebo Seswavla-gaanalizebas moiTxovs, raTa ufro srulyofilad warmoCindes

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli publicisturi Rirebulebani. sadisertacio naSromi aR-

niSnulis mokrZalebuli cdaa.

 – 23 –

II Tavi. statiis sagani da saxeebi

$1. statiis sagani

statia publicistikis analitikur JanrTa Soris erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvne-

lovania. mas mkveTrad gamorCeuli miznobrivi daniSnuleba, faqtobrivi masalis

ganzogadeba, forma, enobriv-stiluri Taviseburebani axasiaTebs.

statia faqtebisa da azrTa gadmocemis rTuli da seriozuli formaa, rom-

lis konstruqciuli sayrdenia Jurnalistis azri, misi idea da koncefcia. am Jan-

ris nawarmoebSi cxadad vlindeba avtoris damokidebuleba cxovrebiseuli

faqtebisa da movlenebisadmi, yoveldRiuri sinamdvilisadmi, rac publicistis

mudmivi dakvirvebis obieqts Seadgens. statia, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, publicistur

JanrTa Soris yvelaze ufro publicisturia. masSi TvalsaCinod aris war-

modgenili publicistikisaTvis niSandoblivi cnebebiT azrovneba, Sefaseba da

ganzogadeba.

prof. n. tabiZe miiCnevs, rom „faqtobrivad JanrTa arseboba gansazRvrulia

Canafiqrisa da masalis harmoniuli Serwymis aucileblobiT. Sinaarsi moiTxovs

adekvatur formas, rasac sabolood Janris sworad SerCevamde mivyavarT“

(43, 68). amave mosazrebas aviTarebs v. uConova. igi Janrs ganixilavs, rogorc

Jurnalisturi nawarmoebis istoriul formas, `ñïîñîá „óïàêîâêè“ ôàêòîâ è ìûñëåé“.

amasTan iseTi formaa, romelic Sinaarsze moqmedebs (148, 187).

prof. n. tabiZe aseve miuTiTebs: „TiToeul Janrs aqvs Tavisi sagani“ (43, 68).

mecnieris azriT, „konkretuli sagnis konkretuli mizniT damuSaveba moiT-

xovs Sesabamis Janrs. es amosavali debulebaa. magaliTad, „ ... problemis an sa-

kiTxis gasarkvevad unda mivmarToT statias“. e. i. SegviZlia gamovyoT statiis

sagani _ problema an sakiTxi. davamatebT idea _ mTavari azri.

i. WavWavaZe statiis „Tavad-aznaurTa uqmobiT Cveni miwa-wylis dakargva“ (65,

325) saTaurSive ayenebs problemas, rac imdroindeli saqarTvelosTvis erT-er-

Ti sasicocxlo sakiTxi gaxda. problemis mniSvnelobas kidev ufro amwvavebda is

 – 24 –

garemoeba, rom ZiriTadi mizezi „Cveni sakuTari uqmobaa, Cveni sakuTari gaurje-

lobaa da am mizezs iq unda mowyveta, saidamac momdinareobs“.

ilia misTvis Cveuli piruTvnelobiT aSiSvlebs movlenas da aSkarad miuTi-

Tebs Tavad-aznaurobis mTavar safiqralze _ „ ... dRes-ki kuWi rogorme garedam

SveliT gaviZRovo da xval-ki Tunda qva-qvazedac nu iqnebao. saqme andrias da

petres dRevandeli kuWi-ki ar aris savalalo da sanaRvleli Tavad-aznaurobi-

saTvis, aramed mTeli Tavad-aznauroba mTelis misis awmyoTi da mermisiTa“.

statiis sakiTxi konkretulia, amasTan misi gadawyvetis gzis Cvenebas Zalze

praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs. kerZod, „xsna mxneobasa da garjaSia“, rac statiis

adresatebs garkveuli moqmedebisaken mouwodebs.

i. WavWavaZe statiaSi „erobis sakiTxi da deputatTa sakrebulo“ (66, 339)

drois karnaxiT svams kvlavac aqtualur sakiTxs: „soflobas rigiani patroni da

momvleli ara hyavs“. publicistma problemis gacxadebiT imdroindeli soflis

saxe dagvixata, riTac globalurad warmoaCina misi sazogadoebrivi

mniSvneloba: soflebSi „arc gzebi gvaqvs, arc sakmao skolebi, arc samkurnalo,

arc mkurnali gvyavs, rom kacs gauWirdes da moiwvios“...

ilias sworad miaCnia Tbilisis guberniis Tavad-aznaurobis gadawyvetileba

specialuri proeqtis momzadebisa da ganxilvis Sesaxeb, rac problemis gadaWras

Seuwyobda xels. publicisti sagangebod gamoyofs proeqtisadmi xelmZRvanelo-

bis arasaTanado da gaumarTlebel damokidebulebas.

am SemTxvevaSic saxezea konkretuli farTo mniSvnelobis sakiTxi, misi

dasabuTeba da sakiTxis mogvarebis realuri gzis dasaxeleba.

akaki wereTeli „saqmis mosarCle da ara piradobis“ poziciiT wamoWris Te-

mas: „enisa ar iyos, galobac adre erTi da igive yofila sazogadod saqarTve-

loSi da dRes ki isic damaxinjebulia“. sakiTxis mniSvneloba friad didia

erovnuli saganZuris movla-patronobis TvalsazrisiT, rac mis mimarT avtoris

Sesabamis damokidebulebas ganapirobebs. movlenis arsSi garkveuli publicisti

mkiTxvels exmareba problemis sworad gaazrebaSi, xolo kompetentur organos

sakiTxis gadasawyvetad realur gzas sTavazobs: „ ... Tu marTla da gulwrfelad

 – 25 –

hsurs galobis aRdgineba, unda aiCinos mcodne piri. iman unda moiaros mTeli

saqarTvelo, yovel kuTxeSi da yovelgan daugdos yuri saerTo kilo-xmebs,

TviTonac Seiswavlos; nametani rac Sehparvia galobas, gamoricxos, rac aklia

Seavsos, aRadginos nel-nela auCqareblad da sxvebsac aswavlos: amgvarad

Sedgeba skola da galobac Tan-da-Tan sisruleSi mova“ (58, 365).

statiis „sulieri dacemis statistika“ (53) mTavari sakiTxi zneobrivi degra-

daciis tendenciaa, „rac gamoikveTa eris saganZuris, unikalur kulturul faseu-

lobaTa dataceba-ganiavebis momZlavrebul procesSi“.

problema aqtualuria _ „sulierma krizisma gaugonar masStabebs miaRwia“,

riTac saqarTvelom „Savi biznesis“ kriminalur samyaroSi Tavi gamoiCina nayaCa-

Rar kulturul faseulobaTa mniSvnelovani „eqsportiorobiT“.

sakiTxi gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobisaa. „saganZuri, ro-

melsac ase ugzo-ukvlod vfantavT, mxolod Cveni Taobis sakuTreba ar gaxlavT

_ igi aTeuli saukuneebis siRrmidan miviReT da valdebulni varT udanakargod

gadavceT momaval Taobebs“. aRniSnuls adasturebs is garemoebac, rom mis Ses-

axeb sagangebod imsjeles saqarTvelos parlamentis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da

kulturis komitetis sxdomaze. amasTanave, rogorc statiis avtori miuTiTebs,

„problema Tavisi arsiT scildeba komitetis funqcias da ara marto parlamen-

tis, mTeli sazogadoebis gansjisa da yuradRebis sagnad unda iqces“.

problema, misi ganxilva mkiTxvels sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli faqtebisa da

movlenebis gaazrebaSi exmareba. amave dros igi didi emociuri impulsis matare-

belia, rac mkiTxvels „aiZulebs“ procesis simwvave moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgeb-

lobiT aRiqvas. „marto samarTaldamcavi organoebi verafers gaxdebian, Tu sa-

zogadoebis TiToeulma wevrma ar gaiTavisa istoriulad Tandayolili uzarma-

zari pasuxismgebloba eris kulturis winaSe. ...unda gacnobierdes is qres-

tomaTiuli WeSmariteba, rom istoriul mexsierebas moklebuli da kulturul

vakuumSi mcxovrebi eri gawirulia gadaSenebisaTvis, mas momavali ar gaaCnia“.

z. mrelaSvilis statiis (31) sagani Cveni drois erT-erTi yvelaze saWirbo-

roto sakiTxia _ axalgazrdobaSi narkomaniis gavrceleba. konkretulad, Tezisi

 – 26 –

ase JRers: „narkomani avadmyofi damnaSavea“. avtori sakiTxs logikurad

asabuTebs:

„1. gind qali iyos da gind kaci, narkomani damnaSavea momavali Taobis wina-

Se, misi Svili mTlad janmrTeli, fizikurad da gonebrivad srulyofili ver iq-

neba, ase rom, es didi danaSaulia erisa da qveynis winaSe.

2. umcrosi Taobis Zalian bevr warmomadgenels metismetad cud magaliTs

aZleven, an ZaliT iTreven TavianT wreSi...

3. wamals monatrebuli narkomani sazogadoebisaTvis saSiSi xdeba: ufulo-

bis gamo mas jer sakuTari saxlidan gaaqvs yvelaferi da yidis, mere ki, rodesac

yovelive „gasasuxarebeli“ gamoeleva, sxvis binebsac mihyofs xels. Tanac

aranair gzas ar Takilobs: qurduls, yaCaRurs da ase Semdeg. ese igi misgan Tan-

daTanobiT yalibdeba damnaSave.

4. narkomanebi xels uwyoben XX saukunis Wiris _ Sidsis gavrcelebas, da ki-

dev: ra sisulele mouva TavSi „kaifSi“ myofs, kacma ar icis“.

narkomaniis damnaSaveobis mamtkicebeli sabuTebiT dasturdeba sakiTxis

aqtualoba, sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba. problemis ganxilva mkiTxvels socia-

luri ubedurebis arsis garkvevaSi exmareba, xolo narkomanebs mavne Cvevisagan

gaTavisuflebis mizniT nebisyofisa da Sinagani Zalebis mobilizebisaken mi-

uTiTebs.

statiis „mizez-mizez... vagzals mgzavri aklia“ (20) avtorma ZiriTad sagnad

centraluri avtosadguris umoqmedoba gamokveTa. mTavari saTqmeli asea

Camoyalibebuli: „dRes es uzarmazari, keTilmowyobili kompleqsi faqtiurad

gaCerebulia“.

sakiTxi sagangebo mniSvnelobisaa, radganac avtosadguris ufunqciobis mize-

zi uamravi „axladgamomcxvari“ avtojixuri da pavilionia. Sedegi ki yvelasaT-

vis cxadia: „irRveva moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesebi, qalaqis ekologiuri wo-

nasworoba, saqalaqTaSoriso trasebze ki, Warbi reisebis gamo, avtobusebis

namdvili „gadarbenaa“, ris gamoc matulobs avtosagzao SemTxvevaTa ricxvi“.

 – 27 –

marTebulad migvaCnia problemis dasma, amasTan logikuria Seqmnili mdgo-

mareobis gamomwvevi mizezebis ganxilva. publikacia mkiTxvels sakiTxis sir-

Tules uxsnis, xolo aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisa da adgilobrivi mmarT-

velobis organoebs negatiur movlenebTan brZolisa da jansaRi klimatis Seqm-

nisaken mouwodebs, rac sakiTxis mogvarebis erT-erT variantad gvesaxeba.

Jurnalisti n. xaraziSvili statiis „Cveni wili saqarTvelo“ (77) mTavar

Tezisad ayenebs mtkivneul sakiTxs _ sportis mamakacuri saxeobebiT qalis

daintereseba, rasac garkveulad uaryofiTi gavlena aqvs mis rogorc fizikur,

aseve sulier mdgomareobaze.

sakiTxis sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba uzarmazaria _ sportis mTeli rigi

saxeobebi qalis organizmisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saSiSia.

statiis sagnis logikur-emociuri aspeqtebi movlenis masStabis gagebaSi

gvexmareba da qalis mTavar movaleobas Segvaxsenebs: „axla, roca pirveli nabi-

jebi gadavdgiT Cveni erovnuli TviTgadarCenisa da TviTmyofadobisaken, aravis

sWirdeba sportuli asparezobebis dros TvalebCalurjebuli qalebi. arc iseTi

qali gvinda, organizmis „harmoniuli“ ganviTarebisaTvis Tavisi mTavari gareg-

nuli Rirseba _ qaluroba rom Seuwiravs. ase rom, gons movegoT, rameTu kidev

bevri akvani gvaqvs dasarwevi. amitom Tavs axirebul midrekilebaTa miyolis uf-

lebac naklebad mivceT. gavaRviZoT qali sakuTar arsebaSi, gamovixedoT qalis

guliTa da qalis TvalebiT da gadavarCinoT... Cveni wili saqarTvelo“.

publikaciis „curva dinebis sawinaaRmdegod“ (55) mTavari Tema quTaisSi

wesrigis gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebiT marTvaa. sakiTxi aqtualuria, radganac

qalaqi respublikaSi mimdinare tendenciebs _ „qaoss, ganukiTxaobas, dausjelo-

bas upirispirdeba“. swored esaa sakiTxis sazogadoebriv-politikuri Rirebule-

ba. mkiTxveli saTanado masaliT kriminalur samyarosTan quTaisis brZolis me-

Todebs acnobierebs. avtori mizanmimarTuli ramdenime faqtis SerCeviT afiqsi-

rebs tendencias: „danaSaulis gauxsnelobas ramdenime faqtori ganapirobebs.

erT-erTi maTgani saxelmwifo struqturebis maRali Cinosnebis, interesTa sxva-

dasxva jgufebis zewolaa policiaze“. avtoris daskvna mxatvruli formiTaa ga-

 – 28 –

moxatuli: „quTaisi kriminalur zRvaSi dinebis winaaRmdeg micuravs... zRva uCi-

nar rifebs malavs“.

ganxiluli nimuSebis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT: statiis sagans war-

moadgens sakiTxi, problema, idea. igi umTavresad Camoyalibebulia Tezisis sa-

xiT, romelic msjelobis procesSi an mtkicdeba, an dasturdeba misi mcdaroba.

statiis sagani (problema, sakiTxi, idea) aqtualuria, popularulia; aqvs sa-

zogadoebriv-politikuri JReradoba; gaaCnia konkretuli, praqtikuli

mniSvneloba; mkiTxvels exmareba mimdinare procesebis gacnobierebaSi, cxovre-

biseuli poziciisa da moqmedebis programis gansazRvraSi.

zemoT aRniSnuli msjelobis safuZvelze gamovyofT statiis umTavres niS-

nebs:

1. statiis sagani sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis aqtualuri idea, sakiTxi an

problemaa, romelic ZiriTadad mimdinare movlenebisa da procesebis amsaxveli

faqtobrivi masalis safuZvelzea gaSuqebuli.

2. statiis mizania sazogadoebriv mdgomareobaze zegavlena, garkveuli sazo-

gadoebrivi azris formireba, mkiTxvelze praqtikuli zemoqmedeba _ misi

cxovrebiseuli poziciis Camoyalibebis, moqmedebis programisa da sakiTxis

gadaWraSi sakuTari rolis gansazRvris mizniT.

3. statiaSi mkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli avtoris pozicia. movlenebisadmi da-

mokidebuleba, Sefaseba misi msoflmxedvelobis, inteleqtis, politikuri kultu-

ris, cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebisa da faqtobrivi codnis gamoxatulebas war-

moadgens.

4. statiaSi dasaxuli an miniSnebulia problemis gadawyvetis saSualebebi.

am niSnebze dayrdnobiT mizanSewonilad migvaCnia statiis Janrobrivi gan-

sazRvrebis Semdegi varianti:

statia aris publicisturi Janri, romelSic faqtebsa da movlenebze dayrd-

nobiT aqtualuri mniSvnelobis sakiTxis (problemis, ideis) analizi, dasabuTeba

da ganzogadeba xdeba sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis mizniT; masSi miniSnebu-

li an naCvenebia problemisa Tu sakiTxis gadaWris gza.

 – 29 –

$2. statiis saxeebi

statiis saxeebad dayofa, rogorc sxva Janrebisa, pirobiTia, magram aucile-

beli, raTa ufro konkretulad gamoiyos TiToeuli saxis specifika da miznobri-

vi daniSnuleba (91).

am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria dayofis yvelaze optimaluri kriteriumis dacva.

publicistikis Teoriis mkvlevarTa Soris ar arsebobs erTiani Tvalsazri-

si, romlis mixedviTac statiis saxeebad dayofa SeiZlebodes. xSirad areulia

TviT principebic, rac safuZvlad udevs avtorTa mier am Janris saxeobriv

klasifikacias. mag., a. kruglovi gamoyofs statiis Semdeg saxeebs: mowinaves,

propagandistuls, sakiTxis damyenebels anu problemurs, polemikurs, samec-

niero-popularuls (124, 3).

klasifikaciis es modeli ar emyareba erT princips. pirveli sami gaerTi-

anebulia funqciuri principis mixedviT, rasac ver vityviT samecniero-popula-

rulze. is sxvebisagan mkveTrad gansxvavdeba. masSi `bevri publicisturi xerxisa

da saSualebis gamoyenebisagan Tavs ikaveben. sakiTxis martivad, gasagebad, sadad

gadmocema savsebiT akmayofilebs aseTi statiis winaSe dasmul amocanas“ (22, 90).

polemikuri statiis calke saxeobad gamoyofa gaubraloebulad migvaCnia,

radgan polemikis Semcveli sxva saxeebic SeiZleba iyos.

marTebulad migvaCnia publicisturisagan samecniero-popularuli statiis

gamijvna. sul sxvaa samecniero sakiTxebze dawerili problemuri an propagan-

distuli statia, romelic krugloviseuli `samecniero-popularuli statiisagan“

principulad gamoirCeva.

n. xlinovi (157, 91) statiis saxeebad dayofisas, dasaSvebad Tvlis ori prin-

cipis _ daniSnulebisa da Tematikis gamoyenebas, magram mis mier SemoTavazebul

modelSi mxolod daniSnulebis principia daculi:

1. direqtiuli, saxelmZRvanelo statia;

 – 30 –

2. propagandistuli statia;

3. problemuri anu sakiTxis damyenebeli statia;

4. mowinave gamocdilebis ganmazogadebeli statia.

Cven ver gaviziarebT n. xlinovis pozicias erT modelSi ori principis daS-

vebis Sesaxeb, radgan migvaCnia, rom Janris klasifikacia unda emyarebodes erT

kriteriums, an funqciurs (daniSnulebiTs) an Tematurs. am mosazrebis gamo xli-

noviseuli jgufebi garkveulad misaRebia mxolod meoTxis gamoklebiT.

n. kolesovi ganixilavs sagazeTo statiis 3 saxes (119, 8):

1. mowinave statia;

2. propagandistuli statia;

3. problemuri statia.

amasTan, igi problemur statiaSi gamoyofs or qvesaxeobas _ moralur-eTi-

kur da saerTaSoriso sakiTxebze.

am SemTxvevaSic saqme gvaqvs principebis SerevasTan. ar veTanxmebiT prob-

lemuri statiis Tematuri principiT or qvesaxed dayofas. amiT arsebul nimuSSi

or _ funqciur da Tematur princips vurevT, Tanac problemur statiaTa

qvesaxeebis nusxa Tematuri niSnis mixedviT sakmaod vrceli gamovidoda. Tu am

gzas mivmarTavT, maSin uTuod gveqneba problemuri statiis sxva qvesaxeebic. mag.,

politikur-ekonomikuri, literaturul-kulturuli da sxv. amdenad, ufro

sworad migvaCnia problemuri statiis zogadad ganxilva qvesaxeebis gamoyofis

gareSe.

d. bekasovi gamoyofs statiis 6 saxeobas (92, 167):

1. mowinave;

2. saerTo-politikuri;

3. Teoriuli;

4. problemuri;

5. publicisturi komentari;

6. publicisturi SeniSvna.
 – 31 –

am SemTxvevaSic principebis aRrevasTan gvaqvs saqme: am jgufis 3 saxe _ mow-

inave, Teoriuli, problemuri _ funqciuri principiTaa SerCeuli, Semdegi _

saerTo-politikuri _ Tematurs ganekuTvneba. rac Seexeba publicistur komen-

tarsa da publicistur SeniSvnas, isini calke msjelobis sagans warmoadgenen.

d. bekasovis azriT, publicisturi komentari operatiulad exmaureba sxvada-

sxva faqtsa da movlenas, mag., dokuments, presis gamosvlas, politikuri moR-

vawis intervius, axali wignis gamocemas. komentari SeiZleba iyos kritikuli,

satiruli, polemikuri.

Teoretikosis gansazRvrebis safuZvelze am tipis publikaciis statiisaTvis

mikuTvneba saeWvo xdeba. zemoxsenebuli niSnebiT igi recenziis Tvisebebs ufro

avlens. aRniSnuli Sefasebis gakeTebis safuZvels gvaZlevs am JanrTa specifika:

faqtis, faqtTa jgufis gaSuqeba, analizi, Sefaseba korespondenciis kompetenciaa;

wignis ganxilva, gaanalizeba, kritikuli Sefaseba recenziis daniSnulebaa; xolo

statiaSi sazogadoebrivad mniSvnelovani problemisa da sakiTxis gaanalizeba

xdeba. samive Janri: recenzia, korespondencia da statia iyenebs silogisturi az-

rovnebis xerxebs. maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia analizi, Sefaseba, argumentacia, gan-

zogadeba, magram TiToeul maTgans mkveTrad gamoxatuli funqciuri datvirTva

aqvs.

bekasoviseuli publicisturi komentarisa da publicisturi SeniSvnis gan-

martebaSi korespondenciisa da recenziisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi ufro

Warbobs, vidre statiisa. amdenad, maTi statiis saxeebad ganxilva marTebulad ar

migvaCnia.

gasaziarebelia i. natroSvilis mosazrebac, romlis Tanaxmad, am debulebis

`avtorebs calke Janrad gamoyofili aqvT mimoxilva, romelic moicavs komen-

tarsac da SeniSvnasac mimdinare umniSvnelovanes movlenebze, meorec, SeniSvna,

TavisTavad rogoric unda iyos, mainc SeniSvnaa da ara statia“ (33, 118).

ar viziarebT d. bekasovis mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom problemuri statia

mowinave gamocdilebis ganzogadebis efeqtur formas warmoadgens.

 – 32 –

mkvlevari am mosazrebis safuZvlad problemur statiaSi dadebiTi da nega-

tiuri movlenebis konkretul magaliTebze dafuZnebuli saTanado donis ganzo-

gadebas miiCnevs. misi azriT, problemuri statia upirvelesad cxovrebis yoveli

sferos mowinave gamocdilebis ganzogadoebis formaa (90, 76).

Cven am tipis statiis propagandistulis saxeobad ganxilva ufro mizanSewo-

nilad migvaCnia. upirveles yovlisa, gamovdivarT misi daniSnulebidan _ mowina-

ve gamocdilebis ganzogadeba, rac garkveulwilad propagandas (sakiTxis gan-

martebas, gavrcelebasa da damkvidrebas) gulisxmobs.

amdenad, mowinave gamocdilebis ganmazogadebeli statiis calke saxeobad an

problemuri statiis formad ganxilva sworad ar migvaCnia. Cveni azriT, igi

propagandistuli statiis erTgvari saxeobaa.

t. kvanWilaSvili statiis oTx saxes ganixilavs (22, 95):

1. mowinave (igive sadireqtivo, saxelmZRvanelo) statia;

2. propagandistuli statia;

3. problemuri anu sakiTxis damyenebeli statia;

4. mowinave gamocdilebis ganmazogadebeli statia.

klasifikaciis am modelSi Janris saxeebad dayofis erTniSna principi yve-

laze ukeT aris daculi. kerZod, funqciuri, magram mas bolomde mainc ver ga-

viziarebT.

t. kvanWilaSvili, n. xlinovis msgavsad, mowinave gamocdilebis ganmazogade-

bel statias calke saxeobad gamoyofs. am tipis statiisadmi Cveni Sexeduleba

cnobilia.

i. natroSvilis naSromebSi statiis klasifikaciis sxvadasxva tipia dafiqsi-

rebuli.

pirveli modelis mixedviT mkvlevarma statiis 6 saxeoba SemogvTavaza

(32,37):

1. mowinave statia;

2. Teoriul-propagandistuli statia;

3. problemuri statia;
 – 33 –

4. statia moralisa da eTikis sakiTxebze;

5. statia saerTaSoriso sakiTxebze;

6. statia mimdinare sameurneo-politikur sakiTxebze.

zemogamoTqmuli mosazrebidan gamomdinare es klasifikacia misaRebad ar

migvaCnia. am jgufis pirveli sami wevri gamoyofilia funqciuri niSnis mixedviT,

Semdegi sami _ Tematikis mixedviT. amasTan meeqvse saxeSi erTadaa Tavmoyrili

sameurneo da politikuri sakiTxebi.

meore nimuSis mixedviT i. natroSvili statiis Semdeg saxeebs ganixilavs

(33, 119):

1. mowinave statia;

2. Teoriul-propagandistuli statia;

3. problemuri statia;

4. statia mimdinare saerTaSoriso urTierTobisa da saSinao sameurneo-po-

litikur sakiTxebze.

am SemTxvevaSic aRreulia dayofis principebi: pirveli 3 daniSnulebis mi-

xedviTaa gamoyofili, xolo meoTxe _ Tematuris mixedviT.

v. pelti statiis Semdeg saxeebs gamoyofs (135, 34):

1. mowinave statia;

2. Teoriul-propagandistuli statia;

3. sakiTxis damyenebeli, problemuri statia.

igi iziarebs d. bekasovis mosazrebas da statiis qvesaxeebad publicistur

komentarsa da publicistur SeniSvnas asaxelebs.

klasifikaciis am tipis mimarT Cveni pozicia zemoT ukve CamovayalibeT.

rogorc vxedavT, avtorTa umravlesobis gansazRvrebebSi Sereulia princi-

pebi, am Janris calkeul saxeebad dayofis safuZvels rom iZleva.

yvelaze ufro misaRebad migvaCnia b. strelcovis klasifikaciis modeli,

romelic statiis 3 saxes gamoyofs (144, 105):

1. mowinave statia;

2. propagandistuli statia;
 – 34 –

3. problemuri statia.

Teoriul statias mkvlevari miakuTvnebs samecniero literaturas, radganac

`Teoriul statiebSi damuSavebulia mecnierebis axali aspeqtebi, gaSuqebulia ax-

ali koncefciebi, aRmoCenebi, doqtrinebi“. xolo propagandistuli statiebi

publicistikis sakuTrebaa. isini propagandas uweven, xsnian sazogadoebriv mec-

nierebaTa miRwevebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom statiis am orive saxeobis Tematika

xSirad erTnairia, mkvlevars maTi gaigiveba mizanSewonilad ar miaCnia. b.

strelcovis azri naTladaa gamokveTili: propagandistuli statia publicisti-

kis sferos ganekuTvneba, xolo Teoriuli _ samecniero literaturas.

amrigad, Cveni azriT, publicistur JanrTa klasifikacia unda emyarebodes

erT romelime princips _ funqciurs an Tematurs. statiis saxeebad dayofis

SemTxvevaSi marTebulad miviCnevT klasifikaciis im models, romelsac safuZv-

lad udevs daniSnulebis principi. aRniSnuli mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganvi-

xilavT statiis sam saxes:

_ mowinave statia;

_ propagandistuli statia;

_ problemuri statia.

mowinave statia

mowinave statia erT-erT wamyvan publicistur Janradaa miCneuli. igi ideo-

logiuri datvirTviT yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovani masalaa, romelSic saerTo

saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis farTo problemebi da sakiTxebi Teoriul si-

maRlezea ayvanili.

mowinave statiis istoriis sakiTxebi srulyofiladaa Seswavlili a. rootis

mier (140), ris Sesaxebac sakiTxis Seswavlis mdgomareobis ganxilvisas mi-

vuTiTeT.

mowinave statiis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili naSromebis (156, 155, 123, 113, 132,

168, 126, 161, 106, 127, 105) gacnoba-Seswavlam dagvarwmuna, rom gasaziarebelia spe-
 – 35 –

cialistis daskvna TeoretikosTa mier saerTo ZalebiT mowinave statiis Janris

safuZvlebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. CamoTvlil avtorTa mier partiul-sabWoTa presis

ganzogadebis safuZvelze mowinave statiis Janris mTavari damaxasiaTebeli niS-

nebia Camoyalibebuli.

a. rooti eyrdnoba n. xlinovis (157, 6) ganmartebas statiis Sesaxeb da mowi-

nave statiisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Semdeg niSnebs gamoyofs:

_ moculoba _ 80-120 striqoni;

_ mowinave statia atarebs konkretul xasiaTs;

_ mowinave statias xSirad safuZvlad udevs adgilobrivi politikuri da

ekonomikuri cxovrebis amsaxveli konkretuli movlenebi da faqtebi, calkeul

SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso cxovrebis amsaxveli faqtebic;

_ mowinave statia unda iZleodes saxelmZRvanelo direqtivas, mimarTule-

bas, unda gansazRvros moqmedebis ZiriTadi xazi.

v. Sandras (168, 5) aseve srulyofilad da damajereblad aqvs Camoyalibebu-

li mowinave statiisadmi wayenebuli moTxovnebi: maRalideuroba, Tematikis aq-

tualoba, damajerebloba, konkretuli adresatis gansazRvra, daxvewili stili

da ena.

mowinave statia, upirveles yovlisa, gamoirCeva direqtiuli, sax-

elmZRvanelo xasiaTiT. aqedan gamomdinareobs misi daniSnulebac _ daexmaros

mkiTxvels gaerkves mimdinare sazogadoebriv-politikur procesebSi, sameurneo-

ekonomikur amocanebSi, naTlad daanaxos perspeqtiva da dasaxuli miznis miR-

wevis saSualebani.

gazeT `iveriis“ 1877 wlis winasityvaobaSi, romelic mowinave statiad SeiZ-

leba miviCnioT, ilia WavWavaZes Camoyalibebuli aqvs Tavisi mosazrebebi presis

Sesaxeb: `am saxiT Jurnal-gazeTobas orgvari daniSnuleba aqvs. erTis mxriT, igi

aris Suamavali cxovrebisa da mecnierebis Soris, gamavrcelebeli kacobriobis

WkuiT mopoebulis, gamoZiebulis da aRiarebulis simarTlisa, WeSmaritebisa;

meores mxriT, igi aris sarke sazogadoebis rTulis cxovrebisa, misi gonebiTis,
 – 36 –

zneobiTis moZraobisa. masSi sCans da isaxeba yoveldRiuris azris miden-modena“

(67, 257).

ilia auwyebs ra farTo sazogadoebas `iveriis“ daarsebis mizans, presis

konkretuli amocanebis gansazRvris safuZvelze logikur daskvnas akeTebs da

ganmartavs: `samecniero cnobaTa gadmotana da gavrceleba sazogadoebaSi,

Cvenisa da ucxo xalxTa cxovrebis dakvirveba da ganmarteba, _ ai, raSi mdgo-

mareobs Cvenis gazeTis programa“ (67, 259).

JanrTa TeoriaSi miuTiTeben mowinave statiis sxva Tvisebebsac _ op-

eratiuloba, simwvave. mowinave statia calkeul SemTxvevaSi aerTianebs da an-

zogadebs masalebs, romlebic sxva gverdebzea moTavsebuli da maT Temas akonk-

retebs. Sinaarsis mixedviT mowinave statiis publicisturoba upirvelesad ga-

moixateba sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis aqtualuri sakiTxebis wamoweviT, Temis

axleburad damuSavebiT.

gasaziarebelia cnobili Jurnalistis m. kolcovis mosazreba mowinave sta-

tiis Sesaxeb. WeSmaritad publicistur nawarmoebad igi miiCnevda mxolod iseT

mowinave statias, romelic faqtebs axleburad aSuqebs da ajamebs (120, 111).

mowinave statias direqtiuloba garkveulad CarCoSi aTavsebs, rac azris

Tanmimdevruli ganviTarebiT, daskvnebisa da rekomendaciebis saSualebiT,

mkveTrad gamorCeuli publicisturi JReradobiT miiRweva. mowinave statiisaT-

vis damaxasiaTebeli faqtori _ direqtiuloba _ mniSvnelovan stilistur

Taviseburebebsac gansazRvravs, rac mas farTo gagebiT mkacrsac ki xdis (141, 5).

mowinave, sxva Janrebisagan gansxvavebiT, ufro oficialuri da dakanonebulia.

statiis sxva saxeebisaTvis niSandoblivi emociuroba, siRrmiseuli msjelo-

ba, Sefaseba mowinaveSic arsebiTia. misTvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia

amaRlebuli Sinaarsi da toni, arcTu iSviaTad paTosi da paTetikuroba. yoveli

zogadi debuleba, mowodeba, Tezisi, saWiroa gamyardes faqtebiT, argumentebiT,

magaliTebiTa da cifrebiT.

mowinave statias direqtiulobisa da informaciulobis zomieri Sefardeba

aZlevs ama Tu im stilistur saxes, rac damokidebulia publikaciis Sinaarssa da

 – 37 –

amocanebze. Warbma direqtiulobam statia SeiZleba zedmetad kategoriuli, mSra-

li, ritorikuli da paTetikuric ki gaxados. informaciuli elementebis siuxve

ki mowinaves amorfulsa da faqtebis erTgvar uRimRamo gadamRerebad xdis (141,

6).

mowinave statia gamoxatavs ara erTi konkretuli pirovnebis Tvalsazriss,

aramed redaqciis, koleqtivisa Tu organizaciis saerTo azrs, pozicias, vis or-

ganosac igi warmoadgens.

am debulebis magaliTad gamodgeba ilia WavWavaZis saredaqcio werili `sa-

qarTvelos moambezed“ (69, 56). igi aramarto redaqtorisa da Jurnalis, aramed

mTeli axali Taobis _ `TergdaleulTa“ samoqmedo programas warmoadgenda. am

statias udidesi sazogadoebriv-politikuri mniSvneloba gaaCnia. igi TvalsaCi-

nod gamoxatavs ilias mowinave msoflmxedvelobis mraval aspeqts, gansakuTre-

biT presis rolisa da daniSnulebis Sesaxeb.

mowinaves frazeologiasa da leqsikaSi tradiciul enas eniWeba upirate-

soba, magram aseve mniSvnelovania mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misapyrobad mxatvrul

saSualebaTa miznobrivi gamoyeneba.

nimuSad isev zemoT xsenebuli ilias `saqarTvelos moambezed“ gamodgeba.

masSi yoveli sityva, Sedareba, gamoTqma sagangebodaa SerCeuli da morgebuli

mTavar saTqmels. mag., `marto is saqmea mkvidri da mtkice, romlis fesvic Sig

cxovrebaSia gamokvanZili; uamisod vera saqme ver gasZlebs, ver moitans nay-

ofsa, rogorc Tesli udedamiwod... roca xalxs unda da ver miswvdomia mec-

nierebis nayofsa, maSin xalxis saSvelad sxvaTa Soris gamova Jurnalica“ (69, 65).

Cven veTanxmebiT Jurnalistikis TeoriaSi miRebul mowinave statiis piro-

biT dayofas: propagandistuli, saerTo-politikuri da operatiuli.

propagandistuli mowinave statia ZiriTadad mniSvnelovan da kalendarul

TariRebTanaa dakavSirebuli. am saxis statia debulebis axsnas isaxavs miznad da

konkretuli amocanis gadaWris saSualebebs saxavs.

propagandistuli xasiaTis mowinave statias sakuTriv propagandistulisa-

gan is ganasxvavebs, rom pirveli redaqciis koleqtiuri naazrevia, xolo meores

 – 38 –

_ erTi konkretuli avtori hyavs. marTebulad migvaCnia prof. t. kvanWilaSvilis

mosazreba: `es ki imas niSnavs, rom, jer erTi, masSi ganxiluli sakiTxi sa-

dReisod yvelaze mniSvnelovani yofila (amitom miuZRvnes mas mowinave) da, meo-

rec, aq gamoTqmulia redaqciis azri, rac gacilebiT avtoritetulia, vinem ro-

melime calke avtorisa“ (22, 101).

saerTo-politikuri mowinave statia miznad isaxavs mTavrobisa da xelisu-

flebis gadawyvetilebaTa axsna-ganmartebisa da maTi Sesrulebis uzrunvelyo-

fas.

operatiuli mowinave statia umTavresad adgilobriv gazeTebSi ibeWdeba.

masSi gaSuqebulia sadReiso saWirboroto sakiTxebi, romlebic droul gadawy-

vetas saWiroeben. aRniSnul statias umTavresad hyavs konkretuli adresati,

romelsac dasaxuli sakiTxebis gadaWris gzebsa da saSualebebze miuTiTebs.

Tanamedrove qarTuli presis analizi gviCvenebs, rom mowinave statia,

rogorc publicisturi Janri, daikarga. msgavsi mosazreba aqvs gamoTqmuli prof.

S. gagoSiZes (11, 7), romelic, Cveni azriT, samarTlianad miiCnevs, rom am Janri-

sadmi `Jurnalistebma interesi gaumarTleblad dakarges“.

aRniSnul mdgomareobas gazeTebi sxvadasxvagvarad xsnian. mag., `dilis gaze-

Ti“ TiTqmis yoveli nomris pirvel gverdze fotosuraTs aTavsebs Sesabamisi mi-

naweriT, romelic an xelmouwerelia, an hyavs avtori. gazeTis muSakebs miaCniaT,

rom es forma ufro TvalsaCinod gamoxatavs redaqciis Tvalsazriss, vidre ne-

bismieri mowinave statia. maTi azriT, TvalsaCinoeba (foto an fotosuraTebi) da

saTanado teqsti mizanmimarTulad da STambeWdavad exmareba mkiTxvels sakiTxis

arsisa da redaqciis saTqmelis garkvevaSi.

gazeT `7 dRis“ redaqcia 1991-96 wlebSi, poziciis gamoxatvis mizniT, pirvel

gverdze farTo planiT aTavsebda fotosuraTsa da masalas, romelic yovelTvis

statia ar iyo. mag., afxazeTis omis periodSi xSirad ibeWdeboda reporataJebi

fotosuraTiT. 1997 wlidan Tvalsazrisis gamoxatvis tendencia ZiriTadad in-

formaciis SerCeviTa da miwodebiT mJRavndeba.

 – 39 –

problemuri statia

problemuri statia miznad isaxavs sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis problemis

wina planze wamowevasa da misi gadaWris gzebis Cvenebas. esaa ori ZiriTadi faq-

tori _ sakiTxis dasma da misi gadawyveta. Cven viziarebT v. golubevis (98, 67)

pozicias, romlis Tanaxmad, problemuri statiisaTvis aseve aucilebelia:

_ problemis arsis gadmocema cxovrebis normisa da drois moTxovnaTa wi-

naaRmdegobebis CvenebiT;

_ warmoqmnili konfliqtis aRmofxvris realuri gadawyvetis gzebis das-

axva, problemis gadaWris aucileblobis dasabuTeba-damtkiceba.

aseve marTebulia sxva mkvlevris (135, 39) mosazreba, romelsac miaCnia, rom

problemuri statiis avtors moeTxoveba sakiTxis Rrma Seswavla, kompetenturo-

ba, iniciativa da garkveul SemTxvevaSi gambedaobac.

problemur statias simwvaviTa da problemis xedvis masStabiT gamoarCevs

sxva parametric _ sakiTxis mravalmxrivi warmoCena, rac ara wamieri dakvirve-

bis, aramed dagrovili faqtebis yovelmxrivi Seswavlis Sedegia.

v. golubevs miaCnia, rom am tipis statiaSi mTavaria problemis gamomwvevi

mizezobrivi kavSiris Zieba, im pirovnebebisa da movlenebis erTianobis ga-

moaSkaraveba, ramac TviT problema warmoSva.

problemuri statiis saukeTeso nimuSebi ilia WavWavaZis, akaki wereTlis,

niko nikolaZis publicistur memkvidreobaSi uxvad moipoveba.

magaliTisaTvis, aviRoT ilias `isev ganaTlebis sakiTxebze“ (73, 268). statia-

Si wamoWrilia imdroindeli saqarTvelos mtkivneuli problema _ ganaTlebul

qarTvelTa mcirericxovnoba da, sazogadod, ganaTlebis sakiTxi.

problemis dasasabuTeblad avtori argumentaciis sxvadasxva xerxs mimar-

Tavs:

_ cifrobrivi monacemebi: Tbilisis realuri saswavleblis wliuri angari-

Si, romlis mixedviT, 358 Segirds Soris qarTveli mxolod 27-ia, xolo danarCe-

ni rusi, somexi, germaneli, poloneli, berZeni da sxva erovnebis Tbiliselia.

 – 40 –

qarTvelTa Soris wignierebis dabali donis maCvenebelia sxva magaliTebic:

dedaqalaqSi 1876 wlis aRweris SedegebiT mcxovrebTa 20 000 rusidan wera-kiTx-

vis mcodne 9 aTasia, xolo 22 aTasi qarTvelidan _ 7 aTasi. publicisti analo-

giur statistikas gvaZlevs TbilisSi mcxovrebi sxva erovnebis warmomadgenelTa

Sesaxeb, romelTa Soris procentuli TanafardobiT yvelaze cudad swored

mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleoba gamoiyureba.

Semdegi argumenti germaneli da qarTveli xalxis swavlisadmi damokidebu-

lebis Sedarebaa, rac sakiTxis kidev ufro gamwvavebas isaxavs miznad.

iliam problemasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis gaanalizebiT misi gamomwvevi

mizezobrivi kavSiris moZebna SeZlo, raSic swavlisadmi urTierTsawinaaRmdego

poziciebis Sepirispireba daexmara.

publicistma dakvirvebis Sedegad daadgina, rom germanelebi Svilebis ga-

naTlebis misaRebad gaweuli xarjis gaRebas ori mizeziT axerxeben: maT kargad

esmiT codnis SeZenis aucilebloba da TviTon mSoblebs materialuri saxsari

gaaCniaT. isini Tavad arian ganswavlulebi, an xelobiT arCenen ojaxebs.

ilia gulistikiviliT aRniSnavs, rom `Cveni cxovrebis `CotkSi“ Svilis ga-

naTlebisaTvis saWiro Tanxas `adgili ar uWiravs“ da Sedegic saxezea _ gaunaT-

lebeli da ucodinari eri iCagreba, ver iyenebs erovnul simdidres, sadaveebs

ucxo tomis warmomadgenlebs uTmobs.

publicisti statiis mTavari Tezisis _ `codna, swavla-ganaTleba dRevan-

deli kacisaTvis arsebiTi puria“ _ gasamyareblad arsebul sinamdviles mZafrad

asaxavs. statia dinamikuria, interesiT ikiTxeba. msjeloba da faqtebi erTmaneT-

Tan logikuradaa dakavSirebuli, statiis ena gasagebia. ostaturadaa gamo-

yenebuli rogorc publicisturi, aseve mxatvruli xerxebi (`Cvens sakuTar su-

frazed sxvani ZRebian, Cvenis sakuTaris jamidan svel lukmas sxva iRebs, Cveni

qveynis rZe-naRebi sxvas miaqvs da Cven _ ki, carielzed gasulni, marto vCiviT da

vtiriT, gvSian da gvwyuriano. is _ki viciT, rom `tiriliTa da viSiTa“ sofeli

ar aSendeba“; `yvavs baxala moukvda da bus miugdo, didi Tavi Sena gaqvs da Sen

itireo“ da sxv.).
 – 41 –

publicists sakiTxis gadaWris aucileblobis dasabuTebiT mkiTxveli logi-

kurad mihyavs daskvnamde, rom ` ... codna, swavla-ganaTleba, marto samkauli ki

ar aris kacisa, pirvel wyebis saWiroebaa, rogorc puri, rogorc wyali, rogorc

saWmeli da sasmeli, erTis sityviT, rogorc yovelive is, uromlisodac kacs gaZ-

leba da xeiri am qveyanazed ar SeuZlian“. avtori statias Semdegi sityvebiT am-

Tavrebs: mSoblebis umravlesoba fiqrobs `Tan xom ar gadavyvebiTo mag xarjsa

da movaleobas, roca Cven TiTonac ara gvabadia-rao. swored Tan unda gadahyves

igi, visac wminda movaleoba ded-mamobisa zurgzed ahkida bedma da wuTisofelma.

tanT moikel, fexT moikel, mSier-mwyurvali iare da nu Casdgebi ki jer Svilisa

da mere qveynis codvaSi, _ ai, ra unda eweros gulis ficarzed im wminda saqmes,

romelsac mama-Svilobas eZaxian“.

ilia WavWavaZes sakiTxis gadawyvetis umTavres pirobad swored swav-

lisadmi swori damokidebuleba miaCnda, razec mkiTxveli sazogadoebis

yuradRebas gamiznulad amaxvilebda.

statiaSi `qarTuli Teatri“ (57, 388) akaki wereTelma Teatris savalalo

mdgomareobis sakiTxi wamoWra. publikaciaSi `saTeatro xelovnebis“ qarTuli

sinamdvile realuradaa daxasiaTebuli. sainteresoa statiis dasawyisi. avtori

asabuTebs, Tu ratom amaxvilebs yuradRebas Teatris problemaze. misi azriT,

yvela droSi, da miT umetes, mis epoqaSi, `adamianis grZnoba-gonebis asamaR-

leblad,... sulisa da gulis gasaspetakebel iaraRad sxvadasxva gvar xelovnebas

aRiareben. saTeatro xelovnebac erTi maTgania“. mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misapy-

robad WeSmaritad damajerebeli argumentia.

avtori asaxelebs qarTuli Teatris mZime pirobebis mizezebs:

_ Teatris Senoba ar Tbeba, saWiroebs remonts;

_ originaluri piesebi ar arsebobs, naTargmni uxarisxoa;

_ Teatris dasi uvargisia _ zogma qarTuli cudad icis, zogs Tavi medidu-

rad uWiravs, samarTlian SeniSvnas Takilobs, saSemsruleblo disciplinas ar

icavs.
 – 42 –

publikaciaSi problemuri statiis ZiriTadi moTxovnaa daculi _ sakiTxis

gadaWris konkretuli gzebis dasaxva:

_ gamgeobis arCevnebis swori warmarTva;

_ dramatuli kursebis daarseba, sadac Seiswavlian xelovnebas, mSobliur

enas da sxv.;

_ artistebis anazRaurebis sakiTxis mogvareba;

_ msaxiobebis mier profesiul movaleobaTa Sesruleba;

_ saemerituro kasis daarseba.

TiToeuli sakiTxi logikuri msjelobis, cxovrebiseuli faqtebis, e. w. `saRi

azris“ faqtebis (101, 99) meSveobiTaa dasabuTebuli. mag., roca akaki ayenebs sa-

kiTxs dramatuli kursebis Sesaxeb, aqve ganixilavs misi dafinansebis sakiTxsac.

kerZod, igi Tvlis, rom `Skolas“ TanagrZnoba ar moakldeba. `amisi Tavdebia

`wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba“.

`qarTuli Teatri“ gasagebi eniTaa dawerili. avtoris msjelobas damajere-

blobas aniWebs msaxiobTa sityvebi: `esa da es artisti qali meCxubeba, Cemi roli

raT agiRiao“, `ama da am artistma mcema“... da sxv.

dialogebi: `kaba ara maqvs, titveli xom ver gamoval scenaze?

_ rogor Tu ara gaqvs? aki gul-da-gul SevakerineT am rolisaTvis kaba?

_ ki, mara is ama da am artist qals ecva da me mis nacvams aRar Cavicvam!“...

yvela moyvanili magaliTi xazs usvams msaxiobTa kadnierebas, Wirveul xa-

siaTs, rac Teatris normaluri funqcionirebis erT-erTi xelisSemSleli

faqtoria.

statiis yvela qveTezisi dasabuTebulia. igi erTnairadaa gasagebi rogorc

Teatris problemebiT dainteresebul pirTaTvis, aseve saqmeSi Cauxedavi mkiTx-

velisaTvisac. avtors nel-nela, etapobrivad, logikurad mivyavarT mTavari

saTqmelisaken: `Cemi azri swored es aris, rom Teatris Senoba mainc mo-

saSlelia da moiSalos. aq maRaziebi aSendes da Semosavali skolas moxmardes.

da rac sargebeli gveqneba, imas dro dagvanaxebs“. avtoris msjelobidan gamom-

dinare gasaziarebeli Sexedulebaa.

 – 43 –

bolo wlebis qarTul presaSi, kerZod, gazeTebSi, problemur statiaTa mra-

valferovneba SeiniSneba. maTi avtorebi arian rogorc gamocdili Jurnalistebi,

aseve sxvadasxva dargis specialistebi. amasTan gazeTebi garkveul tradicias

amkvidreben. mag., gazeT `TbilisSi“ 1997 wlidan problemuri statiis gamoqvey-

nebis Semdegi praqtikaa: igi umTavresad ibeWdeba rubrikebiT: `fiqri“, `Tval-

sazrisi“, `gasaWiri“. ganxilul sakiTxTa speqtri farToa: ekonomika, politika,

qarTuli enis siwmindis dacva, socialuri sfero da a. S. statiis mTavari sakiTxi

(problema) ZiriTadad gansxvavebuli SriftiT, ramdenime abzaciT, e. w. `li-

diT“ aqvs wamZRvarebuli sagazeTo masalas, rac, vfiqrobT, mizans amarTlebs:

mkiTxveli yuradRebas arsebiTze afiqsirebs da mxolod amis Semdeg ecnoba av-

toris poziciis vrcel argumentirebul msjelobas.

gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo“ problemur statiebs aTavsebs Semdegi

rubrikebiT: `Tvalsazrisi“, `publicistika“, `problema“, `sazogadoebriv

samsjavroze“. Tematika mravalferovania: SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis yofis

sakiTxebi, mSobliuri enis swavleba, ekonomika, Tanamedrove qarTuli presis

mdgomareoba, erovnuli saganZuris gatacebis problema da sxv.

propagandistuli statia

statiis am saxeobis mTavar daniSnulebas misi saxelwodeba _ propagandis-

tuli _ ganapirobebs. propagandaSi adamianuri moRvaweobis sxavadasxva sferos

Teoriisa da praqtikis sakiTxebis ganmartebas, gavrcelebasa da damkvidrebas gu-

lisxmoben (144, 116).

propagandistuli statiis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia: Teoriisa da praqtikis

kavSiri, maRalideuroba, sakiTxis gaSuqebisadmi SemoqmedebiTi midgoma, Semtevi

stili, aqtualoba.

am tipis statia, rogorc d. avraamovi (82, 61) aRniSnavs, publicists mkacr

moTxovnebs uyenebs:

a) marqsizm-leninizmis Rrma codna;

 – 44 –

b) sakuTari codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, cxovrebiseuli movlene-

bis analizisaTvis misadageba;

g) popularizatoris niWi, rTul Teoriul problemebze masobrivi mkiTxve-

lisaTvis gasagebad da sainteresod msjeloba.

mowinave propagandistuli da sakuTriv propagandistuli statiis Sedarebi-

Ti ganxilvisas mkvlevar d. bekasovis mosazrebas viziarebT: mowinave statia Zi-

riTadad aqcents akeTebs dasmuli sakiTxis, amocanis ganmartebaze, misi gadaWris

praqtikul saSualebebze, xolo propagandistul statiaSi TanamedroveobasTan

Teoriuli debulebebis arsia axsnili (90, 76). mowinave statiaSi Teoriuli debu-

lebebi, politikuri principebi konkretuli amocanebis gaSuqebas udevs safuZv-

lad, xolo propagandistulSi Tanamedroveobis faqtebi da problemebi sakiTxe-

bis sagnobrivi da Teoriuli ganxilvisTvisaa gamoyenebuli, Tanamedrove cxov-

rebis movlenaTa politikuri mniSvnelobaa axsnili.

rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, propagandistuli statiis erT-erT formad mo-

winave gamocdilebis ganmazogadebel statias miviCnevT.

propagandistuli statiis TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba publikacia "VITA NUOVE?

(fiqrebi citatebiTurT)“ (15).

avtori qveynis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebebs aanalizebs. mas istoriuli

gakveTilebis Rrma codna sakuTari Tvalsazrisis CamoyalibebaSi exmareba. Jur-

nalisti oqtombris revoluciis movlenebis Sefasebisas gamoyofs or faqtors:

ruseTis revoluciuri moZraobis agresiul politikur kulturasa da mosax-

leobis ZiriTadi masis saxelmwifoebriv-avtoritarul fsiqologiur tradicias.

n. drozdovi warsulis gamocdilebasa da dRevandelobas Soris kavSirisa

da paralelebis CvenebiT sakuTar azrs ufro TvalsaCinos xdis. `dRes anarqiis

mamasTan solidarobas bevri amJRavnebs... mimdevarTa Zalmomreoba dResac So-

kur zegavlenas axdens adamianebze, qmnis niadags sazogadoebis stiqiuri marTvi-

saTvis, Tavisebur qaoss, romlis drosac kanonis uzenaesoba da misadmi mor-

Cileba ar vrceldeba partiebis, moZraobebisa da calkuli pirebis sakuTari in-

teresebis miRma. cvlilebaTa siaSi mofarfate axali ideebi _ sazogadoebaSi

 – 45 –

klasobrivis sanacvlod erovnuli mtrobis virusis Tesva, zogadsakacobrio

faseulobaTa kvlavac ugulebelyofa, samarTlebrivi normebisa da tradiciebis

mimarT nihilizmi _ es aris gza didi tyveobidan patara tyveobisaken, rodesac

partikularizmi ayenebs kidev erTi `axali cxovrebis“ lozungs“.

avtori obieqturad axasiaTebs Tanamedroveobis tendenciebs: `samarTlia-

nobisaken miswrafeba sinamdvileSi amjeradac sxva samoselSi gamowyobili igive

usamarTlobaa, radgan samarTlis meqanizmebis damkvidreba-regulirebis nacv-

lad, upirvelesoba kvlavac sazogadoebriv vnebebs eniWeba, kvlavac mebrZoli

suli da absoluturi Seurigebloba dominirebs saR, janmrTel azrze“.

mimdinare movlenebis Cvenebas Tan axlavs Jurnalistis mosazrebebi, rom-

lebic poziciis gamJRavnebis saSualebad gvesaxeba: `saubedurod, bevri dRevan-

deli maqsimalistis politikur kulturas utopizmis daRi azis. maTSi mravali

SesaniSnavi azric trialebs. magram, vSiSob, rom bevri maTgani, vinc dRes sa-

zogadoebrivi cxovrebis asparezze aqtiurad moRvaweobs, ise gaerTo Tavisi

politikuri brZolis procesiT, daiviwya is, ris da vis gamoc mimdinareobs es

brZola“.

statiaSi Cans `drois SegrZneba“. igi mTlianad gamsWvalulia im sulisk-

veTebiT, rom `axali dro, yoveli axali dRe savsea siaxleebiT, maT cvlilebebi

Seaqvs Cvens TvalsazrisSi, sakiTxebis gagebaSi“ (22, 103).

sakiTxebis gaSuqebis manera SemoqmedebiT midgomad SeiZleba miviCnioT. ma-

galiTisaTvis, `kulturuli tradiciebis deficiti an sakuTar warsulTan kavSi-

ris gawyveta, istoriis gacnobiereba, ara rogorc erTiani uwyveti procesisa,

aramed misi borotebisa da usamarTlobis labirinTebidan furclebis amokreba

da Sesabamisi damuSaveba, Sobs warsulisaTvis SurisZiebis wyurvils, transfor-

mirebuls brma siZulvilSi. romeli `axali cxovreba“ SeiZleba iSvas da aSendes

siZulviliT erovnuli dakompleqsebis am konglomeratisagan?“.

sakiTxi aqtualuria, radgan igi `axali cxovrebis“ cnebis dRevandeli Si-

naarsis garkveva-gaazrebasa da axleburi cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebis avtori-

seul models gulisxmobs:

 – 46 –

`me ki minda davijero, imisaTvis vibrZviT, rom adamianebma imaze uaresad

aRar icxovron, vidre guSin cxovrobdnen, rom cxovreba asatani gaxdes, rom gav-

TavisufldeT gmirebis, wamebulebis moTxovnilebisagan, rom yvelgan mteri ar

gvelandebodes, rom erTmaneTs aRarasodes vesroloT, rom mSvidad vzardoT

bavSvebi da rodisme avaSenoT sazogadoeba, sadac moqalaqeebi, laybobis nacv-

lad, iSromeben“.

Tanamedrove cxovrebis `cvlilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, axlis grZnobiTaa“

(22, 103) gawonasworebuli statiis finali, romelic mkiTxvels daafiqrebs da

imavdroulad avtoris azrzec mianiSnebs: `dRevandeli da ara xvalindeli

(`naTeli momavali“ da `sanukvari mizani“) dRiT cxovreba samarcxvinod iTvle-

boda dRemde, rogorc komunisturi, ise erovnuli xelisuflebis dros.

aba, davfiqrdeT, gana bevrad ufro ioli ar aris `axali cxovrebis“ gran-

diozuli perspeqtivebis dasaxva, vidre dResve elementaruli cxovrebis

dawyeba?

namdvilad ar aris kargi marto dRevandelobiT cxovreba, magram riTia

ukeTesi mxolod diadi momavlis molodiniT arseboba?“

amrigad, zemoT ganxiluli msjelobis safuZvelze SegviZlia CamovayaliboT

Semdegi mosazrebebi:

publicistikis TeoriaSi statiis saxeebad dayofis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva Sexed-

ulebaa gamoTqmuli, erTiani Tvalsazrisi ar arsebobs.

Cveni azriT, statiis saxeobrivi klasifikacia unda emyarebodes funqciur

princips. marTebulad miviCnevT Semdegi saxeebis ganxilvas: mowinave, propagan-

distuli da problemuri statiebi.

ukanaskneli periodis qarTuli presis analizi safuZvels gvaZlevs da-

vaskvnaT, rom mowinave statia TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba, naklebad ibeWdeba propagan-

distuli. amave dros unda aRvniSnoT, rom igi am tipis nawarmoebisaTvis niSan-

doblivi elementebiT ufroa warmodgenili, vidre misTvis damaxasiaTebeli

arsebiTi niSnebiT. gazeTebSi Warbobs problemuri statia, romlis saSualebiTac

 – 47 –

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis mravali Temis, problemisa Tu sakiTxis gaSuqeba

xdeba.

III Tavi. msjeloba statiaSi

azrovnebis procesi, obieqturi WeSmaritebis Zieba logikis kanonebs eqvem-

debareba da Sesabamisad maT meTodebs eyrdnoba. msjeloba azrovnebis erT-erTi

formaa, romlis saSualebiT sinamdvilis obieqturad aRqma xdeba (154, 392).

ansxvaveben filosofiur da Semecnebis specialur meTodebs. am ukanasknels

pirobiTad specialur da zogad mecnierul meTodebad hyofen. zogad mecnierul

meTodebs miakuTvneben: induqciasa da deduqcias, analizsa da sinTezs, analogi-

asa da Sedarebas, dakvirvebasa da eqsperiments da sxv. (154, 364; 109, 43). amas-

Tanave gamoyofen kerZo, specialur meTodebs, romlebic Semoqmedebis ama Tu im

konkretul dargSi gamoiyeneba (153; 122).

Teoretikosi v. zdoroveva publicistur meTods swored „kerZo specialur

meTodebs“ miakuTvnebs, raSic Semoqmedebis am sferoSi miznis miRwevis saSuale-

bebs gulisxmobs. meTodi garkveuli wesebis nakrebi ar aris. igi Teoriuli az-

rovnebis Sedegad gamoTvlili erTianobaa, romelic mravali sxvadasxva midgo-

misa da gadawyvetisagan Sedgeba (109, 44). meTodis daxasiaTebisas mkvlevari sa-

marTlianad miiCnevs specialistTa azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom SeuZlebelia misi ga-

movlenis yvela saxeobis gaTvaliswineba. aranaklebi roli ganekuTvneba subieq-

 – 48 –

tis pirad Tvisebebsac, romelsac SeuZlia gaaZlieros an Seasustos romelime me-

Todis obieqturi Rirsebebi, arsebiTad Secvalos igi da rac ase mTavaria, „óæå

ñàì ìåòîä îïðåäåëÿåò âîçìîæíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ òåõ èëè èíûõ ñðåäñòâ, ÷åðåç ïðèíöèï

âçàèìîäåéñòâóþùèõ ñ èäåeé, êîòîðàÿ, â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, îïðåäåëÿåò öåëü ìåòîäà“ (111, 4-

5).

veTanxmebiT Teoritikosebs, (149, 29-55; 103, 20-44), romlebic miiCneven, rom

publicisti WeSmaritebis Ziebisas dialeqtikuri logikis im ìsaSualebebs iyenebs,

rac zogad mecnierul meTodebadaa miiCneuli (analizi da sinTezi, induqcia da

deduqcia, analogia da Sedareba, hipoTeza da axsna da sxv.).

fsiqologiuri TvalTaxedviT adamiani, romelic azrovnebs, aucileblad

akeTebs garkveul aRmoCenebs. specialistebi am Taviseburebas azrovnebis proce-

sis produqtiulobas uwodeben (93, 78).

publicisti ver akeTebs yovelTvis did aRmoCenebs, magram mudmivad „ïðåïîä-

íîñèò äëÿ êàêîé-òî ÷àñòè ëþäåé íîâóþ êàê ñîáûòèéíóþ, òàê è èíòåðïðåòèðóþùóþ èí-

ôîðìàöèþ“ (109, 137). aseT informacias umeteswilad axlavs msjeloba.

statiis msjeloba farTo planiT sinamdvilis procesis Cvenebaa, „asaxvaa“,

xolo „asaxvaSi“ unda vigulisxmoT „ara mxolod konstatireba, aramed kvleva,

analizi, kvalifikacia“ (43, 12). ufro zustad „sinamdvilis obieqturi, Seuferade-

beli asaxva gulisxmobs rogorc faqtebis sizustes, aseve ZiriTadi mimarTulebi-

sa da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis ganmsazRvreli tendenciebis gamokveTas“ (43, 11).

miT ufro, rom statiis damajereblobas ganapirobebs ara marto misi Si-

naarsi, aramed is meTodi, romlis mixedviTac igi igeba (82, 60). statias logikur-

silogisturi msjeloba axasiaTebs. masSi zemoT CamoTvlili meTodebidan umTav-

resad ramdenime maTgania gamoyenebuli: deduqcia, analizi, sinTezi, ganzogadeba,

Sedareba, analogia.

adamianis azrovnebisa da fsiqikis modelirebis mkvlevar n. amosovis hipo-

Tezis Tanaxmad, adamianis cnobierebaSi mudmivad xdeba informaciis gadamuSaveba

ierarqiulad _ elementarulidan rTulisaken. misi azriT, mecnieris, konstruq-

toris Semoqmedeba, rogorc wesi, iwyeba rTuli informaciiT, ganzogadebuli

 – 49 –

ideiT, xolo mxatvris Semoqmedeba SeiZleba daiwyos arcTu ise Zalian ganyene-

buli da ganzogadebuli informaciiT, detaliT, romlisganac gansazRvruli ide-

isaken midis (84; 85).

v. zdorovegas miaCnia, rom garkveuli aspeqtiT n. amosovis koncefcia exeba

publicistikasac. publicistikaSic SemoqmedebiTi procesi (Txroba) yovelTvis

ganzogadebuli ideiT ar iwyeba _ arcTu iSviaTad msjeloba konkretulidan na-

warmoebis zogadi ideisaken viTardeba. mkvlevars magaliTad mohyavs faqti _

Jurnalists quCaSi dagdebuli puris natexi saxalxo dovlaTisadmi frTxilad

mopyrobis ideis matarebeli statiis an narkvevis daweras karnaxobs. „Îáñòðàêò-

íûå ðàññóæäåíèÿ èäåè îñîáåííî â íà÷àëå ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ íå íàñòîëüêî ýôôåêòèâíû, êàê

êîíêðåòíûé îáðàç ñïîñîáíûé âûçûâàòü íàøå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå è ýìîöèè è òåì ñàìûì

âîçáóæäàòü ìûñëü“ (109, 51).

d. avraamovic Tvlis, rom statia (kerZod, propagandistuli) mkiTxvelisaT-

vis nacnobi cxovrebiseuli faqtiT SeiZleba daiwyos, rasac Jurnalisti popula-

rizaciis mizniT mimarTavs (82, 60).

orive avtori calkeul SemTxvevaSi statiaSi msjelobis induqciuri meTo-

dis gamoyenebaze miuTiTebs, rac, rasakvirvelia, praqtikaSi arsebobs da Teo-

riaSic gasaTvaliswinebelia. magram xazgasmiT gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom statia

iseTi publicisturi Janria, romlisTvisac arsebiTadaa niSandoblivi msjelobis

deduqciuri meTodi. konkretul faqtze dafuZnebuli msjeloba publicistikis

sxva Janris _ korespondenciis prerogativaa.

deduqcia, rogorc msjelobis meTodi, zogadi debulebidan kerZo daskvnis

gamotanas gulisxmobs (154, 139). igiHpublicistikaSi gvevlineba rogorc avtoris

cxovrebiseuli da profesiuli gamocdilebis gaazrebis, Tanamedrove istoriis

logikurad da emociurad aTvisebis Sedegi (103, 40).

i. WavWavaZis statiebi _ `sazogadoeba SeuZlebel moswavleTa SemweobisaT-

vis“, `qali maswavlebeli“, `Tavad-aznaurobis gulgriloba swavla-ganaTlebis

saqmeSi“, `isev ganaTlebis sakiTxebze“ da sxv. _ deduqciuri meTodis gamoyenebis

nimuSebia. yovel maTganSi msjelobis mTeli procesi nawarmoebis ZiriTadi Te-

 – 50 –

zisis ganmtkiceba-dasabuTebisaken aris mimarTuli. zogadi debulebidan konkre-

tulisaken svla WeSmaritad maRali ostatobiT aris Sesrulebuli.

statiis „ganaTlebis sistemaSi sruli qaosia“ (24) ZiriTadi Tezisi

Camoyalibebulia ganzogadebis formiT, romelic avtoris kategoriul mtkicebas

emyareba: „centridan ganxorcielebulma gardaqmnam yvelaferi ariv-daria.

Tavisi wili ergo isedac mouwesrigebeli sabWouri ganaTlebis sistemas. magram

is, rac axla CvenTan xdeba, arcerT qveyanaSi jer ar momxdara!“

msjeloba statiaSi deduqciuri meTodiT viTardeba. zogadi debulebis dasa-

sabuTeblad faqtTa vrceli nusxaa moyvanili:

_ „umaRlesebis ricxvi aTjer da metjerac gaizarda. dakveTa anu moTxovna

specialistebisa zemodan ki ar wamosula, rogorc yvela normalur qveyanaSi

xdeba, aramed qvemodan, TviTneburad“.

_ „ ... avitaceT fasiani ganaTlebis idea individualuri gamorCenis mizniT.

erTmaneTs daemTxva interesebi, damkveTi mSoblebi da maTi „swavlas mowyurebu-

li“ Svilebi dakmayofildnen. pirvel welsve Sedian amorCeul saswavleblebSi“.

_ „erTi umaRlesi samedicino saswavleblis nacvlad, ocdaxuTia. wina wlis

monacemebiT gacilebiT metia iuridiuli fakulteti, aTjer da ufro metad gai-

zarda umaRles saswavlebelTa ricxvi sul raRac or-sam weliwadSi. gvWirdeba

Tu ara amdeni eqimi, amdeni inJineri, iuristi, aravin ufiqrdeba“...

avtori Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamomwvev mizezebs aanalizebs da maT Soris

gadamwyvetad ors miiCnevs: mTavrobis, ganaTlebis saministros arasaTanado sag-

nobrivi daintereseba da umoqmedoba; mSobelTa arasakmarisi pedagogizacia, Svi-

lebisaTvis prestiJuli specialobebis SerCeva, maTi miswrafebisa da bunebrivi

SesaZleblobebis gauTvaliswineblad.

statiaSi msjeloba Tanmimdevruladaa agebuli. faqtebi erTmaneTTan logi-

kuri msjelobis principiTaa dakavSirebuli. publikaciis mTliani msjeloba

mTavar debulebas amtkicebs da qveynisaTvis sasicocxlo dargis mowesrigebisa

da ganaxlebisaTvis konkretul gzebs saxavs.

 – 51 –

analizi sinamdvilis aRqmis yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli meTodia. publi-

cisturi analizi ase ganisazRvreba: Jurnalisti sagnis Semadgeneli nawilebis

azrobrivi danawevrebisa da diferenciaciis saSualebiT ikvlevs movlenas,

Seiswavlis mis struqturas, raTa arsebiTi niSnebi gamoyos, sagnis mxareebi erT

mTlianobaSi gaiazros, maTi politikuri, ideologiuri mniSvneloba gaarkvios

(103, 31).

analizSi TvalnaTliv cxaddeba publicistis ideuri simwife da erudicia,

cxovrebis codna da, rac ase mTavaria, publicistis profesiuli sindisi _ „êðîâ-

íàÿ çàèíòåðåñîâàííîñòü â äåëå èëè ðàâíîäóøèå „îòáûâàþùåãî“ äîëæíîñòü“ (166,70).

statiis analizis formebis ganxilvisas veyrdnobiT publicisturi analizis

ori ganzomilebis aRiarebas: farTo analizi _ Sesaswavli movlenis masStabi da

Rrma analizi _ mizezobrivi kavSiri, an sxvagvarad, horizontaluri da vertika-

luri analizi.

farTo (horizontaluri) analizi saSualebas iZleva warmovaCinoT mov-

lenis masStabi, misi xasiaTi, xolo kiTxvaze _ Tu ratom xdeba ase da ara sxvag-

varad _ pasuxis gacema siRrmiseuli (vertikaluri) analizis safuZvelze xdeba

SesaZlebeli (166, 76). statiaSi analizis orive formaa gamoyenebuli.

i. WavWavaZe statiaSi „sazogadoeba SeuZlebel moswavleTa SemweobisaTvis“

(70, 232) ayenebs im droisaTvis metad aqtualur da saWirboroto problemas _

„Cvens qveyanaSi didi da patara swavlis, ganaTlebis saxsars stiris da sCivis,

magram mainc Svela arsad aris“. ilia siRrmiseuli analizis safuZvelze am sa-

kiTxis gamokvlevas isaxavs miznad, movlenisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs Soris

amyarebs mizezobriv kavSirs _ maTi axsna Tanmimdevrulia, erTi meoresagan ga-

momdinareobs:

„sxvazed mindoba qviSazed aSenebuli Senoba yofila.“

„niaRvari... sxvazed dandobils erTs ubedur tinzed gariyavs, Sens Tavs

Senve mouareo. es kanoni istoriuli kanonia“.

„xalxi TviTmoqmedebiT aris mxolod Zlieri da nayofieri suliT Tu xor-

ciT“.
 – 52 –

„Cvens gare Cveni xsna sizmaria.“

„maS Tu asea, swavlisa da ganaTlebis saxsaris naklulobas Cvenis cremliT,

vaxiT da viSiT ver SevavsebT“.

arsebuli procesis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis urTierTkavSiris CvenebiT

yalibdeba e. w. „jaWvuri reaqcia“ (166, 79), romlis drosac avtorma unda SeZlos

movlenis sawyisebamde misvla. iliam problemis safuZvels miakvlia da ganaTle-

bisaTvis usaxsrobis araarsebiT mizezTagan mTavari gamoyo. igi gamoricxvis we-

siT aseT WeSmaritebamde mivida:

„Cven amis mizezs imaSi ki ar vxedavT, rom viTomc swavlis survili ara

gvqondes, rogorc zogierTni Cvenni keTilis-myofelni amtkiceben. ara, _ sur-

vili didia, arc imaSi vxedavT, rom swavlis miRebis niWi ara gvqondes, Tumca

amasac Cveni keTilismyofelni hyvirian, arc imaSi vxedavT, rom viTom nivTiers

Ronis- Ziebas moklebulni varT, esec tyuilia, Cvenis fiqriT. marTla-da arc ise

lukma-gawyvetilebi varT, rom Tu ar TviToeulman calke, erTad mainc sa-

zogadoebrivad RonisZieba ar movikrifoT Cvenis aucilebelis saWiroebis

Sesavseblad. mizezi is aris, rom droTa brunvam sxvis mayureblad gagvxada,

sxvazed imeds SegvaCviva da amaebma sruliad warwymides CvenSi is TviTmoqmede-

bis Zal-Rone, romelic uwin iyo da romelic Tuki sadme aris, yvelgan xalxis

bednierebis saTauria da safuZvelic“ (70, 234).

publicisti mimoixilavs iseT aspeqtebs, romlebic movlenis socialur

arss mkiTxvelisaTvis gasagebs xdis. amasTan, igi amTlianebs movlenas da

saerTo suraTis warmosaxvaSi gvexmareba. e. i. analizi mWidro kavSirSia Se-

mecnebis sinTezur meTodTan. gamTlianebuli procesis Sejamebas warmoadgens

prognozuli ganzogadebis rangSi ayvanili iliaseuli daskvna, romelic

msjelobis logikuri finalia: „xsna Cveni TviTSemoqmedebaSi da erTobaSia. saca

kaci TiTon ar aris, sxvisiT ara gakeTebula ra; saca erTi veras iqms, iq ocsa da

ormocs erTad SeuZlian hqmnas“. ganzogadebaSi gacxadebulia cxovrebiseuli ga-

mocdileba da, rac mTavaria, Tan axlavs faqti, romelic amavdroulad prob-

lemis gadaWris konkretuli gzaa. „giorgi romanis-Ze erisTavma... Cvens gaWirve-

 – 53 –

bas wamali moupova... Seudga sazogadoebis Sedgenas, romelmac xeli unda gau-

marTos da Seuwyos Cvenis qveynis Raribs xalxs da nametnavad Rarib Tavad-

aznaurebs, rom Svilebs rigianis swavlisa da ganaTlebis gza miscen dabal Tu

maRal saswavlebelSi“ (70, 234).

ilia WavWavaZem imdroindeli problema _ Tavadaznaurobis gulgriloba,

ugrZnobeloba, umoqmedoba _ msjelobis deduqciuri meTodis saSualebiT sazo-

gadoebrivi interesis doneze aiyvana, udidesi mniSvneloba mianiWa (71, 261). sazo-

gado satkivari Tavad-aznaurobis swavla-ganaTlebisadmi damokidebulebaSi iqna

gaazrebuli. ilia sakiTxs sagnobrivad ganixilavs, Seqmnil mdgomareobas arse-

biTad mimoixilavs.

publicisturi analizis siRrmes movlenis realuri da safuZvliani codna

ganapirobebs: „aqao da mTavrobas skolebi da saswavlebeli aqvso sxvaTa Soris

CvenTvisacao da imas ki aRara hfiqroben, rom mTavroba ver gaswvdeba, Zalianac

mowadinebuli rom iyos, mTels im sidide saWiroebas, rogoric qveynis swavla-

ganaTlebaa. aq ueWvelad TviTon eris, sazogadoebis Taosnoba da Svelac unda.

es igrZno CvenSi TiTqmis yvela calke wodebama. moqalaqeebma Tavisi skolebi

aiCines, glexobam Tavisi, samRvdeloebam Tavisi da marto Tavad-aznauroba

darCa wres gareT da sxvis imedzed“ (71, 266).

publicisti Tanmimdevrulad awarmoebs kvlevas _ cdilobs, pasuxi gasces

kiTxvaze, Tu ra ganapirobebs aRniSnul mdgomareobas da sakiTxs Semdegnairad

svams: aris Tu ara materialuri siviwrove problemis mTavari mizezi da gvarw-

munebs, rom ara. Raribebi da samRvdeloeba axerxeben TavianTi skolebi hqondeT.

religiis msaxurni „marto tfilisis guberniaSi Svids saswavlebels inaxaven Ta-

visis sakuTari xarjiT Tavisi sakuTari SvilebisaTvis“. ilias interesi miznob-

rivia: „nuTu Cveni Tavad-aznauroba Cvens samRvdeloebazed ufro Raribi da SeuZ-

lebelia?“ da TviTonve iZleva pasuxs: „Tavis dReSi amas ar davijerebT da, maSa-

sadame, siRaribis xelzed daxveva ara aris-ra, rom mizezs _ dos marili akliao“.
 – 54 –

i. WavWavaZem faqtebisadmi damaxasiaTebeli kavSirebis aRmoCena moaxerxa,

maT arss Cawvda da logikurad mivida mTavar mizezamde _ gulgriloba da sxvaze

dandoba.

amrigad, safuZvlian faqtebze dayrdnobiT publicistma analizi swori mi-

marTulebiT warmarTa da Tavisi mosazreba statiis bolos damadasturebeli

ganzogadebis formiT Camoayaliba. publicistis daskvna, Tavis mxriv, problemis

gadaWris variantsac warmoadgens: „es Zveli Cveuleba, Tu odesme Tavad-aznau-

robas xels uwyobda, dReis iqiT veRaras gamoadgeba. Tavad-aznaurobam _ bevria

Tu cota _ Tavis Svilebis swavla-ganaTlebas unda Tavis jibiT mieSvelos, uami-

sod xsna ar aris da es saxsari rac male iqneba, miT ufro Zlier da uebar wam-

lad daedeba im wamwymedels tkivils, romelsac swavla-ganaTlebis uqonlobas

eZaxian.

es Zveli weliwadi imiT gavaTaoT, rom masTan erTad gamoveTxovoT am

Zvels Cveulebasac da axals weliwads mivegebeT im tkivilis imediT, rom Tavad-

aznauroba Cveni Tvals aaxels da sakuTari mxneobiT Tavis-Tavis morCenas moi-

wadinebs da Seudgeba“ (71, 267).

n. nikolaZe statiaSi „Cveni sasuliero wodebis momzadeba“ (35, 514) evropis

sasuliero wodebis maRal safexurze yofnis mizezebs cxovrebiseuli gamocdile-

biT aanalizebs. avtori msjelobis warmarTvisas ucxoeTis Rrma codnas eyrd-

noba. statiaSi moyvanil faqtTa Soris arsebuli kavSiri dasavleTis sasuliero

wodebis mdgomareobis amsaxvel suraTs amTlianebs da evropel sulier mamaTa

maRali momzadebis saidumloebas gvixsnis. publicisti moZRvarTa mosaxleobaSi

ndobis mopovebis mizezebs marto maT ganaTlebaSi rodi xedavs. misi azriT, mTa-

varia soflis mRvdlis daniSnulebis arsebiTi mxare _ sakuTari mrevlis zneob-

riv sulierebaze mudmivi da dauRalavi zrunva, mosaxleobaSi simarTlisa da sa-

marTlianobisadmi siyvarulis, maTi Rirsebisa da keTilsindisierebis dogmate-

bis danergva. mRvdeli marto sulieri mama rodia, igi aris mowyalebis Zmac, eqi-

mic, damcvelica da mrCevelic.

 – 55 –

publicisti sulieri mamebis saqmianobis CvenebiT obieqturad askvnis: evro-

paSi „ ... mRvdels xalxisaTvis praqtikuli da TvalsaCino sargeblianoba moaqvs,

ris gamoc mas didi gavlena aqvs xalxze da mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs xalxis

cxovrebaSi“. savsebiT sworia publikaciis toni da moTxovna, romelic qveynisa

da xalxis winaSe maRali pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiTaa Camoyalibebuli: „ai, mi-

zani, romliskenac, Cemis azriT, yvela Cveni sasuliero-saswavlo dawesebuleba

unda iswrafodes. ai, amocana, romelic unda daisaxos Cveni sasuliero ganaT-

lebis wesdebisa da programis Sedgenis dros!“... (35, 517)

siRrmiseulad warmarTuli analizi mkiTxvels exmareba WeSmariti sulieri

moZRvris daniSnulebaSi gaerkves, xolo specialuri saswavleblebis xelmZRva-

nelebs miuTiTebs im swor orientirze, romelmac sasurveli Sedegi unda uzrun-

velyos.

amrigad, statiis mizez-Sedegobrivi msjeloba avtoris poziciis WeSmarite-

bas ganapirobebs, riTac publikaciis mizani miRweulia.

g. farulava statiaSi „eklis gvirgviniT aRar ivlian“ (49) WeSmariti ide-

alisa da maRali zneobis problemas ayenebs. statiis mTavari Tezisia: „ ... Cveni

zneobrivi iersaxe ase savalaloa dRes, xolo axalgazrdobis mometebul nawils

ideali arsad eguleba, ar wams“. avtoris msjeloba, sakiTxis analizi mimar-

Tulia ormxrivad _ naCvenebia problemis masStabi (farTo analizi) da

dasabuTebulia, Tu ratom ver xedavs dRevandeli axalgazrdoba ideals (Rrma

analizi).

analizis farTod warmarTvas ganapirobebs TviT problemis masStaburoba,

misi udidesi sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba: „ase daiSrita qarTveli kacisaTvis

idealurobis yvela ZiriTadi wyaro. am ukuneTSi isev erovnuli mwerlobis

(kulturis) da ojaxuri tradiciebis sxivebi Tu bJutavdnen minavlebul RvelfSi

cxovrebisa. dRes cxadad igrZnoba, rom im zneobriv sawamlavs, rac gansakuTre-

biT blomad miviReT swored meoce saukuneSi, erovnuli damoukideblobis momv-

lel-ganmamtkicebeli Zala waruxocavs qarTvelobis didi nawilisaTvis. uzneo-

 – 56 –

bis „Savma Wirma“ maSinve gadmoxeTqa, rogorc ki maTraxis SiSi da „rkinis

xelis“ gancda gaqra. Sedegi Tvalwinaa: naqveynars davamsgavseT qveyana“... da sxv.

avtori kiTxvaze, Tu ratom ver poulobs axalgazrda Tavis ideals, safuZv-

lian mizezebs asaxelebs, riTac nabij-nabij ganixilavs Seqmnil mdgomareobas:

„yvela kargad xedavs, rom mravalni imaTgan, saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis

saWesTan rom dganan, yvelaze metad rom moeTxovebaT zneoba da qveynis Wirisu-

floba, sasaxleebs aSeneben, virTxebiviT TavianTi soroebisaken ezidebian, rasac

moaxelTeben, imave saqmianobiT aris dakavebuli ufro dabali rangis saxelmwi-

foebrivi Tu kerZo struqturebis moxeleTa didi nawili. meqrTameobis seni da-

TareSobs policiasa da samarTlebriv dawesebulebebSi, saswavleblebSi... iseTi

viTarebaa, ragvarzec poets uTqvams:

„mdidrdebian, romelnica mZlevloben da yvavilovnoben mdabalT CagvriT,

mtaceblobiT da xveWiT“.

faqtTa analizi logikurad mTliani procesia, romlis drosac erTi axsna-

ganmarteba meorisagan gamomdinareobs (166, 78). msjeloba swored am principiT

viTardeba ganxilul statiaSi. avtorma SeZlo problemis umTavresi mxaris

wina planze wamoweva _ uzneobis, uidealod arsebobis sawyisebis gamomzeureba:

„SimSilisagan rom ixsnas Tavi da ojaxi, groSebis saSovnelad welSi wydeba in-

teligenciis saukeTeso nawili: saSualo da umaRlesi skolis maswavleblebi,

mecnierebi, mwerlebi, kulturis, xelovnebis muSakebi. lukma-puris Sovnazea gad-

agebuli maTi arseboba da Znelad Tu daixarjeba Tavisi pirdapiri daniSnule-

biT suliereba, zneoba. wignis bazari daipyro ara mxolod mdare Rirsebis pro-

duqciam, aramed gamocemebma, romlebic Slian, abinZureben suls. gamodis ga-

zeTebi, romlebic imave saqmes akeTeben, pornografiis, Zaladobis, urwmunoebis,

aRviraxsnilobis aRlumze gvixmoben yoveldRiurad da yovel saaTobiT tele da

kinoekranebi, ixureba wignis maRaziebi, biblioTekebi, kulturuli dawesebule-

bebi, ixsneba samikitnoebi, kafe-barebi, kazinoebi (marto erT 400-metrian monak-

veTze saxelmwifo universitetis pirvelidan mexuTe korpusamde 9 samikitno da-

fuZnda)“.
 – 57 –

avtori movlenis socialuri arsis amsaxveli TvalsaCino faqtebis saSu-

alebiT mimdinare procesebs Soris mizezobriv kavSirebs arkvevs. swored es

faqtebi xdeba analizisaTvis saTanado safuZveli, rasac mTliani msjeloba

logikuri daskvnisaken mihyavs: „ra gasakviria, rom yovelive amis Semyure axal-

gazrdoba versad xedavs ideals“...

ueWvelia, rom WeSmaritebis dadgena mecnierebisa da praqtikis monacemebze

dafuZnebuli sakuTari ideebis, Sexedulebebis obieqturi simarTlis damtkicebaa.

publicisti, romelic am kriteriums eyrdnoba, swor daskvnamde midis (109, 114).

avtoriseuli daskvna am principis Semcvelia. igi saxelmwifos winaSe „axal-

gazrdobis sulieri kvdomis procesis SeCerebis“ amocanas ayenebs, risTvisac au-

cilebel pirobad „Tavisuflebisa“ da „demokratiis“ arsis swor gagebas miiC-

nevs. g. farulava cxovrebiseuli movlenebis gaazrebisa da Sefasebisas religi-

asa da mecnierebas mimarTavs:

„Tavisufleba aris ara TviTnebobis Tavisufleba, aramed TviTnebobisagan

Tavisufleba, roca ufali, gamgebeli varT mdabali xorcieli survilebisa,

egoisturi instiqtebisa, _ gvaswavlis qristianoba“.

„Tavisufal saxelmwifos Tavisufali pirovnebani aSeneben. xalxebi, ro-

melTac ar uwyisT, rom adamiani, upirveles yovlisa, Tavis SigniT unda iyos

Tavisufali, _ ambobs hegeli, _ cxovroben daClungebis mdgomareobaSi rogorc

saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis, ise religiis mxriv. „xalxs, romelsac RmerTis cudi

gageba aqvs, cudi saxelmwifo, cudi mTavroba, cudi kanonebi aqvs“.

vfiqrobT, avtorma problemis simwvavisaTvis aucileblad saWiro faqtTa

vrceli nusxa warmoaCina. maTi urTierTdakavSirebiT srulyofilad daxata

arsebuli mdgomareobis sruli suraTi da aqedan gamomdinare Camoayaliba

prognozuli elementis Semcveli ganzogadebuli daskvna, romelic sakiTxis mog-

varebis saSualebad SeiZleba miviCnioT:

„pirveli sityva saxelmwifos mesveurT ekuTvniT. ukompromiso zneobrivi

politikiT maT unda gadalaxon xalxis sasomixdiloba da urwmunoeba. Tumca

saWmelic gvaklia da samoselic, gaTbobac da gadaadgilebac problemad gveqca,

 – 58 –

gamorCeuli yuradReba mainc ganaTlebas, erovnuli eklesiis aRorZinebas, kul-

turas, literaturas da xelovnebas unda daeTmos. aseTi Zalisxmeva da danax-

arji ukugebas 3-4 weliwadSi vera, magram mere da mere, roca „gaadamianebuli“

adamianebi moefinebian Cvens miwa-wyals, aucileblad mogvcems Sedegs TviT ma-

terialuri keTildReobis sferoSi“.

amrigad, problemis amsaxvel faqtTa da tendenciaTa ganviTarebis logikiT

SesaZlebeli gaxda misi gadawyvetis gzis dasaxva da mosalodneli Sedegis pers-

peqtivaSi danaxva.

gazeTi „literaturuli saqarTvelo“ a. arabulis vrceli statiiT (5) qarTu-

li enis saskolo kursis Semdgomi daxvewis aqtualur sakiTxs exmaureba. avtori

miznad isaxavs mkiTxveli da dainteresebuli sazogadoeba e. w. sayovelTao-

savaldebulo ganaTlebis pirobebSi „wignierebis dabali donis, zepiri da

weriTi metyvelebis knini kulturis“ mizezebSi gaarkvios. igi mTavar faqtorad

mSobliuri enis swavlebis arasaTanado dones miiCnevs. sakiTxi safuZvlianadaa

gaanalizebuli. avtori konkretuli saxelmZRvanelo masalis Seswavlis safuZ-

velze mSobliuri enis saskolo kursis Semdgomi daxvewisa da srulyofis amoca-

nas asabuTebs: gvTavazobs ZiriTad gegmas, rac, misi azriT, moswavleTa asako-

briv Taviseburebebs, enis safuZvlianad Seswavlis kanonzomierebas iTvalis-

winebs da Tanamedrove moTxovnaTa dones Seesabameba.

siRrmiseuli analizi ganxorcielebulia sxvadasxva xerxiT:

_ skolaSi qarTuli enis sagnobrivi swavlebis III-X klasis kursis deta-

luri ganxilva.

_ Sedareba: „gramatika rukaa ucxo qalaqis gzaTa gasakvlevad, urukod ucxo

qalaqis Tav-bolos ver gaignebT, mSobliur qalaqSi ki rukiT ar dadian (Tumca,

es ar gamoricxavs mSobliuri qalaqis rukis arsebobis aucileblobas, cxadia,

gansxvavebuli daniSnulebiT). ucxo enis Seswavla gramatikis codnas unda dae-

fuZnos. ucxo enis Semswavleli axal „Senobas“ Sesabamisi gramatikis „karkasze“

agebs. deda enis SeswavlaSi es problema ar dgas. mSobliuri enis gramatikuli

sistemis „codna“ adamianis Tandayolil unar-TvisebaTa rigs ekuTvnis, is

 – 59 –

zegardmo „boZebuli niWia“ (rogorc, vTqvaT, unari siarulisa, sunTqvisa...), is ar

dgas SesaZen-asaTvisebel codna-CvevaTa rigSi“.

_ axsna-ganmarteba: „ ... gramatikuli wyoba enis mxolod erTi mxarea, Tavisi

bunebiT sxva enobriv monacemTa Soris yvelaze ufro sqematuri da „mSrali“.

enis mTeli simdidre da „energia“ vlindeba ara (ara mxolod) gramatikul wyo-

baSi, aramed faqtobriv usazRvro leqsikur maragSi, semantikur mimarTebebSi,

sintaqsur SesaZleblobebsa da stilistikur gamomsaxvelobaSi, im istoriul

sawyisebSi, romelic sityvas akavSirebs eris msoflmxedvelobasTan, kulturas-

Tan, SemoqmedebiT sulTan“.

_ sakuTari mosazrebebi, rac safuZvlad daedo mSobliuri enis saskolo

kursis avtoriseul gegmas:

„qarTuli enis ZiriTadi saskolo kursi unda ganawildes arasruli saSua-

lo skolis Svid (IV-X) klasze.

amasTanave, pirveli xuTi weli (IV-VIII) daeTmoba enis mravalTematuri

formis mravalferovan, mozaikuri principiT agebul praqtikul sax-

elmZRvaneloebs“ da sxv. „mSobliuri enis 5-wlian kurss daasrulebs gramatikis

2-wliani (IX-X klasebi) kursi. swavlebis am etapze enis Sesaxeb codnis gark-

veuli fundamentSeqmnili aRsazrdeli intensiurad gaivlis gramatikis tra-

diciul-mecnierul kurss... mSobliuri enis kursis swavleba unda gagrZeldes

swavlebis Semdgom bolo etapzec. oRondac, profiluri mimarTulebebis gaT-

valiswinebiT. mizanSewonilia ori saxis saxelmZRvanelos arseboba: erTisa _

humanitaruli mimarTulebebis swavlebisaTvis, meorisa _ sabunebismetyvelo

ganxrisaTvis“.

problemis gadawyvetis avtoriseuli varianti logikurad aris dasabuTebu-

li. a. arabuli sakiTxis sagnobrivi gaanalizebis safuZvelze winapirobas qmnis,

mkiTxveli Tanamoazred gaixados, xolo dainteresebul organizaciebs azrTa

farTo gacvla-gamocvlisaken mouwodos.

 – 60 –

statiaSi „dedaenis geri sityva“ (19) aqtualuri sakiTxia dasmuli _ qarTul

enaSi ucxo sityvebisa da ucxouri terminebis momZlavreba, rac qarTuli Sesaty-

visis daviwyebas uwyobs xels.

avtori istoriuli eqskursis moxmobiTa da dRevandelobis daxasiaTebiT

mTeli simwvaviT ayenebs problemas Tezisis saxiT: „axla enas sxva saSiSroeba

daemuqra: morRveuli sazRvridan, praqtikulad gaukontroleblad Semoedineba

ucnobi terminebisa da frazeologiis niaRvari da mis wiaRSi ileqeba. igrZnoba

erTgvari qedmoxra ucxo terminologiisadmi“...

l. TofuriZe mimdinare process aanalizebs da gvarwmunebs, rom „nebismier

enaSi ucxour sityvaTa damkvidreba gardauvali procesia, Tundac imitom, rom

mwarmoebeli qveynis teqnikisa da teqnologiis Semotanas mohyveba Sesabamisi

profesiuli leqsika da enobrivi normebi“. amave dros sworadaa dasmuli sakiT-

xi imazec, rom sulerTi ar unda iyos aqtiuri leqsika ucxo sityvas Seimatebs, Tu

mis qarTul Sesatyviss.

am mxriv ekonomikis sferoSi gansakuTrebiT savalalo mdgomareobaa. miTi-

Tebelia praqtikos JurnalistTa muSaobis sirTuleebi. avtori mravalmxrivi

faqtobrivi masalis CvenebiT sakiTxs aanalizebs da gvTavazobs problemis mo-

gvarebis miseul variants, romelic enis dacvis praqtikul-organizaciuli Ron-

isZiebebis ganxorcielebis saqmes uTuod waadgeba.

T. SaiSmelaSvili statiaSi „gavuZlebT?“ (54) qarTveli xalxis unugeSo yo-

fis mizezad moralur-fsiqologiur da zneobriv moumzadeblobas asaxelebs. av-

tori analizis logikurad warmarTvis mizniT svams kiTxvebs: „ra moxda da saiT

mivdivarT?“ „ra daemarTa im imeds, riTac suldgmulobda maSindeli (1989 w.)

qarTveli?“ pasuxis gacema ZiriTadad afxazeTis omis gamomwvevi mizezebiT xdeba.

avtori aqcents qarTvelebisa da afxazebis dapirispirebis magaliTebze akeTebs:

_ „maS 1989 wlis 15-16 ivlisis movlenebi ram gamoiwvia? iqneb dapirispireba

arc mdinare RaliZgasTan momxdara, rasac win uZRoda „lixnis Sekreba“ da afxa-

zeTis partiis saolqo komitetis biuros TiTqmis yvela wevris xelmowerili

 – 61 –

deklaracia, romelic afxazeTis saqarTvelosgan gaTiSvis pirveli dokumenturi

mcdeloba iyo“.

_ „15-16 ivliss afxazeTSi swored is moxda, rac 1992 wlis 14 agvistos,

oRond maSin movlenebi CvenTvis sasikeTod ganviTarda, radgan erT saaTSi mdi-

nare RaliZgasTan 30 aTasi qarTveli Seikriba da am didma Zalam afxazTa av

zraxvas realizebis saSualeba ar misca, ukan daaxevina“.

_ „iqneb, 1989 wels arc arZinbas ukanono SeiaraRebuli formireba e. w.

afxazuri gvardia Seqmnila? iqneb am gvardias arc islamuri droSa aRumarTavs

„samegrelo-afxazeTis„ sazRvarTan?“

afxazuri poziciis dasadastureblad Jurnalists `metyveli faqti“ mohyavs:

_ „ ... TbilisSi mcxovrebi... ganaTlebuli afxazi erT-erT diskusiaze uary-

ofs afxazeTSi omamde arsebul yvelanair antiqarTul gamoxdomas. diskusiis

dasrulebis Semdeg ki, piradad CemTan saubarSi, qarTvelebs daadanaSaulebs

afxazeTSi demografiuli viTarebis SecvlaSi da ityvis, es igivea, qarTvelebs 60

milioni iaponeli rom Camousaxlono (?!)“.

sainteresoa am faqtis avtoriseuli interpretacia. igi afxazuri mentalite-

tis safuZvels afxazeTSi wlebis manZilze yalbi istoriis swavlebaSi xedavs.

misi azriT, `Taobebi izrdebodnen am siyalbeze da mere omSi maT ukve Tavisu-

flad momarTes iaraRi Cvensken“. Jurnalisti am movlenis sxva aspeqtzec mi-

uTiTebs _ kritikos r. CxeiZis mosazrebis moSveliebiT p. ingoroyvas `giorgi

merCulis“ akrZalvis uaryofiT Sedegzec migviTiTebs. avtoriseuli logikiT,

saqarTvelos istoriis gayalbebis mcdelobam adekvaturi sazogadoebrivi

fsiqologiis Camoyalibeba ganapiroba, ramac qarTvelTa da afxazTa urTierT-

dapirispirebaSi iCina Tavi.

Jurnalisti afxazeTis magaliTze aanalizebs, asabuTebs, rom erovnuli da-

moukideblobisaTvis moZraoba „sxva kalapotSi gadavarda“. statiaSi moyvanili

faqtebis gaanalizebis principi sworia, magram problemis arsis srulyofilad

CvenebisaTvis sxva faqtoricaa saWiro. hegelis mixedviT, analitikuri Semecneba

mTeli daskvnis mxolod pirveli wanamZRvaria, romlis saSualebiTac mxolod

 – 62 –

calkeuli faqtebis Semecneba xdeba. meore aseT wanamZRvars warmoadgens

sinTezi, anu calkeuli nawilebisagan mTelis, sinamdvilis mTliani suraTis war-

moCena (109, 90).

statiaSi movlenis „gamTlianebuli suraTi“ aseTia: „mzakvrulad Cafiqre-

bul gegmas xorci Seesxa: ruseTma SeZlo Cveni da afxazebis dapirispireba, amiT

iolad moxerxda danawevrebuli qarTvelebis damarcxeba, sakuTari miwa-

wylidan maTi ayra da gandevna... sxva kalapotSi gadavarda erovnuli damou-

kideblobisaTvis moZraobac... erTi avtoritetuli pirovnebis Tqmisa ar iyos:

„isini, vinc ver moergo komunistur wyobas, iyvnen axali moZraobis wamomwyebni.

dRes isini saerTod daSordnen politikur cxovrebas da saTaveSi isev komunis-

turi orientaciis xalxi movida. swored maTTvis aris axla Zneli axali, damou-

kidebeli saqarTvelos moralis Seqmna. dRes „Zveli“ adamianebi cdiloben Seqm-

nan axali cxovreba. es SeuZlebelia, amas Taobebis gamocvla sWirdeba“.

manamde ki... vin icis, gauZlebs JamTa siaves darRveuli teritoriuli mTlia-

noba, darRveuli rwmena, zneoba, suli?“

publikaciaSi analizisa da sinTezis urTierTkavSiri TvalsaCinod gamov-

linda, movlenis Semadgeneli procesebis, faqtebis gaanalizebiT SesaZlebeli

gaxda sakiTxis reliefuri warmoCena, arsebuli tendenciebis mTlianobaSi war-

mosaxva, sruli suraTis daxatva.

avtori saTaurSive dasmul kiTxvaze „ra eSveleba saSualo fenas?“ (6) pasu-

xis gasacemad dRevandeli socialur-ekonomikuri problemebis seriozul kvle-

vas atarebs. igi mosaxleobis ramdenime jgufs axasiaTebs:

pirveli, romelsac fuladi saxsrebi upyria xelT, am fulis mxolod nawils

xarjavs sakuTari saWiroebisaTvis, fulis umetesi nawili uqmad Zevs.

meore jgufi ki sakmaris fuls ver Soulobs, udidesi Sromisa da energiis

fasad mxolod minimaluri TanxiT akmayofilebs sakuTar da ojaxis aucilebel

sasicocxlo moTxovnebs. qalaqad umuSevrad da ufulod darCenili saSualo fe-

na ojaxis gamosakvebad periodulad sxva qveynebs miaSurebs.

 – 63 –

aseve savalalo mdgomareobaSia soflis mosaxleobis umravlesoba. avtori

movlenis gaanalizebisas cdilobs, mis ganmsazRvrel, erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul

faqtTa mTel sistemas daeyrdnos. igi sazogadoebis ganviTarebis kanonzomiere-

bis codniT konkretul gzebs gvTavazobs, maTi realizaciis aucileblobas gvis-

abuTebs. publikaciaSi dafiqsirebulia mosalodneli Sedegi, rac problemis

gadawyvetis gamTlianebuli procesis Cvenebaa: ` ... daiwyeba adamianTa saqmiani,

SemoqmedebiTi gaaqtiureba, asaSenebel-gasakeTebeli uTvalavia, didZali fulis

mflobelebsac gaeRviZebaT survili da interesi axal-axali sarfiani saqmeebis

wamosawevad, anda Zvelebis gasagrZeleblad, riTac saqmeSi aTasobiT uqmad

mdgom adamiansa da specialists Caabamen. amiT ki xalxs TandaTan gauCndeba

fuli, maT Soris Tavisufali saxsrebic, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, SeeZlebaT saku-

Tari interesebis mixedviT daabandon garkveul saqmeSi“.

amrigad, statiaSi problema saSualo fenis mdgomareobis daxasiaTebiT,

misi gamomwvevi mizezebis dasaxelebiTa da sakiTxis gadawyvetis avtoriseuli

poziciis CvenebiTaa ganxiluli. vfiqrobT, g. beJuaSvilma analizisa da sinTezis

saSualebiT sworad warmoaCina saqarTveloSi arsebuli socialur-ekonomikuri

problemebi; mkiTxvelisa da dainteresebuli saxelmwifo struqturebis

yuradReba sakiTxis gadawyvetis realuri variantisaken mimarTa.

logikuri daskvnisaTvis mxolod ganxiluli ori meTodi _ sinTezi da ana-

lizi _ ar aris sakmarisi. sinTezis problema JurnalistikaSi, rogorc speciali-

stebi miiCneven, mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli ganzogadebis meTodis gamoyenebasTan,

igi Temis srulyofilad damuSavebis erT-erT aucilebeli formaaa (103, 34).

ganzogadeba ostatobis umniSvnelovanesi elementia. masSi naTlad mJRavnde-

ba publicistis moqalaqeobrivi pozicia, SemoqmedebiTi potenciali, azrovnebis

masStabi. „Îò ïðàêòè÷åñêîé öåííîñòè, êîíêðåòíîñòè, äåëîâèòîñòè îáîáùåíèÿ çàâèñèò óäàð-

íàÿ ñèëà ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ (130, 23).

zemodasaxelebuli statiebis ganxilvam dagvarwmuna, rom ganzogadebisas

publicisti faqtebis interpretacias, maT Soris logikur kavSirsa da sakuTar

 – 64 –

koncefcias emyareba. yovelive es ki avtoris mier winaswargamiznuli Sedegis

uzrunvelyofis safuZvelia.

i. WavWavaZe statiaSi „pedagogiis safuZvlebi“ (64) mTavar ideas Semdeg-

nairad ayalibebs: „ ... skola erTsa da imave dros unda swurTvnides kidec bavS-

vsa da aswavlides kidec. wurTvna da swavla xelixels gadabmuli unda vidodes

skolaSi“.

Tavdapirvelad ilia cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiT swavlisa da aRzrdis

mniSvnelobas gansazRvravs, sagangebod gamohyofs aRzrdis saqmeSi maswavleblis

did rols. igi zogadi msjelobidan konkretul TvalsaCino magaliTze gadadis:

axalgazrda ostati saswavlebelSi pirvel mecadineobas atarebda. dafaze weris

dros, zurgSeqceviT mdgoms, erT-erTma Segirdma qaRaldi esrola. ostatma ar

SeimCnia. wera daamTavra, Segirdebs moubrunda da uTxra: „ymawvilebo, dRes Cemi

pirveli gasakveTia, pirveli nabijia ostatobis sarbielzed. samarTalsa vTxov

Tqvens patiosnebas, Tqvens sinidissa. aba ifiqreT, _ mas Semdeg, ra upatiurebac

momayena erTma Tqvenganma, _ ra gamwarebuli grZnoba unda gamyves me Tan

Tqvenis klasidam, saca Cems sicocxleSi pirvelad daviwye swavleba Segirdebisa...

me ar minda Sevityo vin aris damnaSave... ra saWiroa!.. dee ganikiTxos is imismave

sindisma. me miT ufro ver gamigia... saqcieli, rom man jer ar icis rogori

ostati var da rogori kaci.

iqneba, Tqvenis siyvarulis Rirsi gamovdge. jer gamicaniT, gamomcadeT da

mere gamikiTxeT...“ (64, 210).

am sityvebis Semdeg bavSvebSi CoCqoli atyda, erT-erTi maTgani wamodga da

maswavlebels yvelas magivrad mouxada bodiSi. ostatma sixaruliT miiRo Segir-

dis saqcieli da SemdgomSi maT Soris urTierToba Cinebulad warimarTa.

ilia, zogadi msjelobidan gamomdinare konkretul TvalsaCino faqtze

dayrdnobiT, akeTebs daskvnas, romelic amavdroulad ganzogadebis tolfasia:

`erTi aseTi Wkvianuri, gulTbili saqcieli ostatisa ufro Zlier moqmedobs

bavSvis gaadamianebazed, vidre samisa da oTxi wlis zepireba gramatikisa, Tu

sxva risame amisTanasi“ (64, 211).

 – 65 –

publicistis Canafiqrs xorci Seesxa, mizans miaRwia _ swavlisa da aRzrdis

aucilebeli erTianoba daasabuTa, aRmzrdels am rTul procesSi saTanado adgi-

li miuCina.

sagulisxmoa ganzogadebis faqtebTan mimarTebis 3 varianti (166, 95). maTgan

pirveli ori Cven statiis Semadgenel komponentebs SevusatyviseT.

mag., pirveli varianti, roca ganzogadebas win uswrebs faqtobrivi masala,

argumentebi. am tipis ganzogadeba umeteswilad statiis daskvnis safuZvels war-

moadgens, rasac problemur statiaSi sakiTxis gadawyvetis funqciac SeiZleba

davakisroT.

faqtebi, argumentebi

ganzogadeba

am modelis nimuSebi:

ilia WavWavaZe TvalsaCino, metyvel faqtebs mimarTavs (70, 232):

„am bolo dros, Cvenda sanugeSod da sasixarulod, mravali sxvadasxva sa-

zogadoeba sdgeba xolme CvenSi sxvadasxva saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad. am

sazogadoebaTa mecadineobiT imarTeba skolebi: amboben, kaxeTSi exla oczed

meti skola ariso. imarTeba soflis bankebi, romelTa ricxvi TiTqmis TxuT-

metamde adis tfilisis guberniaSi; imarTeba saamxanago depoebi, _ erTi gamar-

Tulia sagarejoSi da meorec dRe-dRezed daiwyebs moqmedebas TianeTSi“... (70,

236).

publicisti problemis gadawyvetis Sedegebis gaazrebiT sazogadoebaSi mim-

dinare dadebiT tendenciebs aRniSnavs:

„xalxSi gaRviZebulia da fexzed wamomdgari survili, rom erTmaneTis Sem-

weobiT gza gaixsnan ukeTesis cxovrebisaTvis.“ sarwmuno argumentebis kvalda-

kval Camoyalibebulia prognozuli elementis Semcveli ganzogadeba, rac sta-

tiis daskvnadac SeiZleba miviCnioT: „Tu am gzazed mivalT CvenTa keTilis-

mosurneT Cvenc mxari miveciT, Cvenc xeli SevuwyveT, _ ar gava aTi-TxuTmeti

weliwadi, rom Cveni davrdomili qveyana saxes Seicvlis“. `saqme exla imaSia,
 – 66 –

rom Cvenma Tavad-aznaurobam, Cvenma xalxma, sazogadoebas xeli gaumarTos da

Semweoba aRmouCinos... nu dagvaviwydeba, rom yoveli groSi, im didis saqmisaTvis

Sewiruli, Cvens Svilebs moxmardeba, maTis kacad gaxdomisaTvis, maTis bedniere-

bisaTvis, maTis ganaTlebisaTvis imoqmedebs. aq ukan daxeva Svilebis Ralatia,

qveynis gmobaa, saukunod sawyevari, gveyo, batonebo, sxvazed dandoba, sxvis may-

urebloba. Cven TiTon miveSveloT Cvens Tavs“... (70, 238).

akaki wereTeli sakuTari TvalTaxedvis dasasabuTeblad uamrav faqt-argu-

ments imarjvebs statiaSi „saanbano WeSmariteba“ (60, 365). igi istoriuli faqtebis

Sexsenebisa da awmyos gaanalizebis Sedegad ayalibebs daskvnas ganzogadebis

formiT, rac arsebuli problemis mogvarebis variantadac gvesaxeba: „vinc war-

suls iviwyebs, is momavalzedac xels iRebs da, marto awmyoze SeCerebula,

usudgmulo, sapirutyvo fargalSi rCeba. da Cven ki gvinda misTana momavali

Taoba, romelic uaris myofeli ki ar aris warsulis, mkvlevaria da mama-papis

anderZs dResac kidev gamosadeg safuZvlad udevs momavals, rom kavSir-

gauwyvetlad ganagrZon istoriuli cxovreba. maT moqmedebaSi kaWkaWur-

maimunuri mimbaZaoba _ ki ar unda sCandes, mofiqrebuli, awon-gazomili Tavis-

TaobiTi Sroma unda ixatebodes. xSirad erTgan is aris xolme sasargeblo, rac

meoregan mavnebelia. drosa da adgils SerCeva unda“... (60, 372).

avtoris moqalaqeobrivi mrwamsi, movlenis masStaburi xedva da Sefasebis

unari msjelobis am formaSi naTlad gamoikveTa.

statiaSi „mozardi da danaSauli“ (30) saubaria fsiqikuri anomaliis mniSvne-

lobaze arasrulwlovanTa agresiuli qcevisa da danaSaulis aRmocenebaSi. msje-

loba eyrdnoba farTo speqtris argumentebs:

_ kanonsawinaaRmdego da danaSaulebriv qmedebaTa zrdis tendencia mozar-

debSi: „saTanado monacemebis Tanaxmad 1993 wlis ganmavlobaSi arasrulwlova-

nebma Caidines 594 danaSauli; 1994 wels 1993 welTan SedarebiT arasrulwlovan-

Ta mier Cadenilia 19, 9%-iT meti danaSauli; 1994 wels pasuxisgebaSi micemulia

694 arasrulwlovani, maT Soris 229 moswavle. 1995 wels bavSvTa damnaSaveobis

done gaizarda 32%-iT, xolo ama wlis 5 TveSi ukve 42, 1%-iT.
 – 67 –

_ avtoritetTa mosazrebebis moxmoba: „Cven sruliad veTanxmebiT cnobili

kriminologebis a. antonianis, m. vinogradovisa da c. gulumbis mosazrebas imis

Sesaxeb, rom: „kriminologia da danaSaulTan brZolis praqtika mxolod

moigebs, Tu aqtiurad iqneba gamoyenebuli fsiqiatriis miRwevebi fsiqikur

daavadebaTa adgilis gansazRvrisaTvis kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebis meqanizmebSi

da Tu ganxorcieldeba kompleqsuri kriminalur-fsiqiatriuli gamokvlevebi“.

_ arasrulwlovanTa antisazogadoebrivi qcevis da danaSaulebrivi qmede-

bis mizezebi: „sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis stabilurobis darRveva, yofis

damkvidrebuli wesebis Secvla, sazogadoebis garkveuli nawilis moraluri de-

privacia, zneobrivi da sulieri faseulobebis deficiti, jerovani socialuri

kontrolis SeuZlebloba, TvalSisacemia ukulturoba, uwignuroba, ganaTlebis

sistemis dak- nineba, zogadi ganukiTxaoba da sxv.“

mravalferovan mtkicebaTa erToblioba safuZvels qmnis ganzogadebuli

daskvnis Camosayalibeblad, rac mkiTxvels problemis gadawyvetis saSualebazec

miuTiTebs:

„dadgenilia, rom danaSaulobaTa daaxloebiT 70 procentis acileba SesaZ-

lebelia droulad Catarebuli kompleqsuri profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis Se-

degad. kompleqsis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Semadgenelia fsiqoprofilaqtikuri

muSaoba da e. w. momatebuli riskis kontigentis (ZiriTadad fsiqikuri anomaliis

mqone mozardebi) drouli gamovlineba.

arasrulwlovanTa damnaSaveobis problema, upiratesad aris pirovnebis

problema, problema bavSvis zneobrivi aRzrdisa, misi moTxovnilebebis, qcevis

motivaciis da moraluri mimarTebebis swori Camoyalibebisa“.

statiaSi „fulad-sakredito „malaria“ (79) avtori msjelobs saqarTvelos

erovnuli bankis e. w. „iafi fulis“ politikis, mTavrobisa da misi centraluri

saemisio bankis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis _ kreditis liberalizebis SeCerebis, fu-

lis „gaZvirebiT“ ekonomikuri krizisis gaRrmavebis faqtebze. igi 90-iani wlebis

dasawyisSi fulad-sakredito politikis amsaxvel masalebze dayrdnobiT prog-

nozul ganzogadebas ayalibebs: „sakredito eqspansia da sakredito restruqcia

 – 68 –

anu „iafi fuli“ da „Zviri fuli“ sabanko sakredito politikis ori

urTierTsapirispiro, droebiTi da amasTan iZulebiTi formaa da arc erTi maT-

ganis xangrZlivad gamoyenebas seriozuli uaryofiTi Sedegebis garda, raime

mniSvnelovani sikeTis motana ar SeuZlia“. statiis avtori ekonomistia, romlis

daskvna dainteresebul pirebs problemis mogvarebis sxva gzebis moZebnisaken

mianiSnebs.

ganzogadebis faqtebTan mimarTebis meore variantis SemTxvevaSi, roca gan-

zogadebas faqtobrivi masala mosdevs, igi statiis Tezisad SeiZleba miviCnioT,

rac msjelobis deduqciur meTods ganapirobebs.

ganzogadeba

faqtebi, argumentebi

am modelis niSnebia:

statiis „toponimebi Tvalsa da xels Sua qreba“ (50) Tezisi warmodgenilia

ganzogadebis saxiT: „erTob gagvitaca gadakeTeba-gadmokeTebam, ganukiTxavad da-

verieT imaTac, rasac aranairad ar egeboda xelyofa. lamis Cvens Tvalwin dai-

kargos ulamazesi, umSvenieresi qarTuli toponimebi“. ganzogadebas misive dama-

dasturebeli faqtebi mohyveba: metropolitenSi sadgurebis delisis _ viqtor

gociriZed, Temqis _ guramiSvilad, guramiSvilis _ sarajiSvilad gadakeTeba,

sadgur „axmetelis TeatrisaTvis“ mosaxleobis mier gldanis Serqmeva, sabur-

Talos quCisaTvis saxelis Secvlis mcdeloba da a. S.

„Znelbedobis Jams mogviwia cxovreba yvelas _ axalgazrdebsac, Suaxnis

xalxsac da moxucebulebsac“ (13). cxovrebis simZime yvela Taobis warmo-

madgenelzea ganzogadoebuli, rasac mohyveba faqti-argumentebi: „zogi 1924, 1928,

1937 wlebs gadaurCa, bevrma meore msoflio omi Tavis mxrebze gadaitana, Semdeg

1946 wlis represiebs Tavi daaRwia. axla ki sakuTari TvaliT ixila, erTmaneTs

gadaseulma qarTvelobam rogor daangria Tbilisi, rogor davkargeT afxazeTi

da samaCablo umagaliTo brZolaSi, kbilebamde SeiaraRebul rusis jarTan,

 – 69 –

rogor gmirulad iRupeboda pirtitvela, TiTqmis uiaraRo Cveni SesaniSnavi ax-

algazrdoba. Cvenive xeliT davangrieT, risi dangrevac SegveZlo, rac ki ram

gagvaCnda, kapikebad mivyideT TurqeTs, saqarTvelo TurqeTis bazrad vaqcieT,

maTi Camofasebuli da vadagasuli saqoneli CamovzideT da Cveni xalxi sakuTari

xeliT movwamleT. axla xelgawvdilebi vdgavarT da ucxoelebs vevedrebiT,

gviSveleT, Torem daviRupebiTo“.

v. goroxovi Sedarebas ganixilavs rogorc meTods, romelic analizsa da

ori an meti sagnis SepirispirebiT miRebuli monacemebis sinTezs uzrunvelyofs

(103, 36).

analogia sagnebs, movlenebsa da cnebebs Soris msgavsebaa. Sedarebisa da

analogiis meTodebis ganxorcieleba `dapirispireba-analogiis, rogorc mov-

lenis sxvadasxva aspeqtiT Cvenebis xerxis“ (44, 100) saSualebiT xdeba SesaZle-

beli.

Sedareba-analogiis gamoyeneba i. WavWavaZis publicistikisaTvis niSandob-

livia. ilia statiaSi „sazogadoeba SeuZlebel moswavleTa SemweobisaTvis“ (70,

232) ori sxvadasxva wris warmomadgenlebs axasiaTebs:

erTni: _ „yovel amisi momqmedi katasaviT ara Cxavian, ara yvirian sajarod:

ai, ra kacebi varTo. ufro bevri maTgani sadme kunWulSia mimaluli da qveynis

siyvaruliT aRtyinebuli ibrZvis, mecadineobs, mxneobs, saqmobs da jildod

marto imas elis, rom Cemi sindisi metyviso: „Tumca wvalebiT vicxovreo am

soflad, mag-

ram Cemi cxovreba uqmad ar gamitarebia, SeZlebisamebr CemTa moZmeTaTvis

sikeTe momitaniao“. „eseni arian ubralo sikvdilis Svilni, ufro bevrni semi-

narielni... ician xalxis tkivili da wamlis SerCevaca, radganac xalxi uyvarT,

xalxSi arian da xalxSi trialeben, da amasTanave Tvisebad aqvsT _ Tavis-Tavzed

yvirili ki ara, saqmis gakeTeba, saqmis warmarTeba“ (70, 236-237).

meoreni: _ „parizis yavaxanaSi gamowvrTnila, mosula aq da yviris: raca

var, me varo“... „gabRinZulT da gazviadebulT marto imiT, rom peterburgi da

parizi gvinaxavs da raRac „viTom ganaTleba mogvcxobia“ (70, 237).

 – 70 –

avtori kontrastuli daxasiaTebiT Seqmnil mdgomareobas amZafrebs da sa-

zogadoebis warmomadgenelTa ori tipis Sefasebis unars avlens. es Sedareba av-

toriseuli erTgvari emociur-gamomsaxvelobiTi monologia, romelSic igi ro-

gorc Tavis mosazrebas gvamcnobs, aseve movlenis miseul xedvasa da garesamya-

ros aRqmas gadmogvcems.

vfiqrobT, amgvarad SeiZleba Sefasdes publicistis Semdegi sityvebi: „dami-

jereT Zala qveynisa amisTana kacebSia da ara imaTSi... sayovelTao sikeTis

lazaTi amaTSia, amaTSi! iRwvian, saqmoben, mxneoben, sayovelTao sakeTilod da,

daxeT maTs patiosnebas, maTs zneobiTs aRmatebulebas, rom saxelis gamoCenac ar

undaT“

sxvagan ilia aseve ostaturad upirispirebs erTmaneTs qalsa da dedakacs

(72, 427). „sad qaloba da sad dedakacoba!.. qali Sesanaxia da ara Semnaxveli, igi

bargia da ara Wirnaxuli, igi pepelaa da ara futkari. qalisaTvis es wuTi-

sofeli saseirno walkotia, dedakacisaTvis _ saxlia patiosanis Sromisa, min-

doria saxnav-saTesi, yanaa samkeli, Znaa salewi, sarbielia saomar WkuiTa da

marjveniTa. qali ufar-xmalo dedakacia, dedakaci far-xmaliani qalia da sad

movlen erTmaneTTan!“ (72, 429).

es Sedareba ormxrivi daniSnulebiTaa gamoyenebuli. publicisti, erTi

mxriv, xazs usvams kontrasts da amave dros TiToeul maTgans analogias uZebnis

_ qaloba gaigivebulia bargTan, pepelasTan, ufar-xmlo dedakacTan, xolo deda-

kaci _ xvavTan, baraqasTan, gonierebasTan, SromasTan. ilia am xerxiT sakuTar

pozicias aSkarad, tendenciurad gamoxatavs. mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebas leqsikuri

saSualebebis (antonimebis) miznobrivi gamoyenebac aZlierebs.

ufro konkretulia da kontrastuli cnobil istoriul pirovnebaTa Sepi-

rispireba, rasac a.wereTeli statiaSi „saanbano WeSmariteba“ (60, 368) mimarTavs.

aRniSnuli publicisturi xerxi avtors saSualebas aZlevs gaxsnas maTi winaaRm-

degobrioba, naTlad warmoaCinos sakuTari damokidebuleba, gvagrZnobinos, Tu

vis mxarezea misi simpaTia:

 – 71 –

„didi usamarTloba iqneba, rom did-mouravs Sadiman baraTaSvili amovuye-

noT gverdSi, aRabuRa aTabags _ beqa da givi amilaxvars misi saxlikacebi!.. orad

ganiyofeboda Zvelad Cveni Tavad-aznauroba: erTi qveynis moyvaruli da Tavda-

debuli, meore _ garewari, orguli da moRalate. pirveli rom qveynisTvis fiq-

robda da zrunavda, meore mxolod sakuTari sapirado angariSebiT

xelmZRvanelobda. pirvelis mcneba iyo glexuri andaza: „Citi sadac daibadeba,

misi baRdadic iq ariso!“ meores _ ki: „sadaca viyo ra mgamao“ da „Tu me aRar

viqnebi, qva qvazedac nuRar yofilao“ (60, 368).

m. sturua statiaSi „Tamar mefis qoSebi“ (41) afxazeTis sakiTxis gadawyvetis

or gzas upirispirebs erTmaneTs: soxumze salaSqrod avtobusebiT siaruli da

respublikis profesiuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis formirebis dawyeba.

publicists am ori TvalsaCino faqtis sagnobrivi kontrastuli Sedarebis

safuZvelze mkiTxveli sakuTari mosazrebis WeSmaritebamde logikurad mihyavs:

„saqarTvelos kargad SeiaraRebuli regularuli armiis winaSe soxumma

SeiZleba swrafad gamoavlinos keTilgoniereba da gamofxizldes saxifaTo

sizmrebidan da miraJebidan, vidre es moxdeba avtobusebiT Camosuli naxevrad

samxedro razmebis danaxvaze“.

avtori statiaSi „fasiani gza, fasiani jari da... Senc Cu da mec Cu!..“ (17)

problemis mwvaved warmoCenis mizniT kontrastul paralels mimarTavs: „ger-

manelma (aseve frangma, ingliselma, espanelma, amerikelma!) sami ram

akvnidanve icis: iyos RvTismoSiSi, moixados samxedro vali da akuratulad

ixados sagadasaxado begara!..“

verc sarTiWaleli azerbaijaneli gogona da, cocxali romc iyos, verc sa-

xelganTqmuli vanga ver iwinaswarmetyvelebda dRes _ Tu rodis gaiTavisebs,

rodis gaixdis qrestomaTiul WeSmaritebad TiToeuli qarTveli samive am wmin-

daTawminda movaleobas!“

avtori am Sedarebis saSualebiT aSkarad gveubneba, rom Cveni qarTuli

Segneba jer kidev Sorsaa WeSmariti demokratiuli sazogadoebis wevrTa TviT-

Segnebamde.
 – 72 –

qveynis damoukideblobisaTvis brZolis ori _ qarTuli da CeCnuri _ va-

riantis Sedareba imave statiaSi aseve moxdeniladaa gamoyenebuli: „axlandel

saqarTveloSi asze meti politikuri partia ebrZvis erTmaneTs ara qveynis da-

moukideblobis SesanarCuneblad, aramed... xelisuflebaSi mosvlisaTvis.

CeCneTSic bare aTamde prezidentobis kandidatma scada bedi arCevnebSi, mag-

ram gamarjvebul masxadovs Seurigebel opoziciad ki ar Casdgomian kriWaSi da

iaraRs ki ar swvdomian, kacurad amoudgnen gverdSi da erTi gundi Sekres,

radgan maTTvis Tavisuflebis netari gancdaa mTavari da ara _ adlnaxevari

sigrZe-siganis saprezidento savarZeli!..“

migvaCnia, rom avtorma mizans miaRwia: aRniSnuli kontrastuli paralelis

saSualebiT sakuTari pozicia ufro TvalsaCinod da efeqturad Camoayaliba,

vidre es SesaZlebeli iqneboda Cveni qveynis parlamentis winasaarCevno peripa-

tiebis SexsenebiT.

statiaSi „ganaTlebis sistemaSi sruli qaosia“ (24) umaRlesi ganaTlebis-

admi ori qveynis poziciaa dafiqsirebuli:

`davadeqiT gezs _ arc erTi normaluri bavSvi udiplomod ar darCes“.

„germanelebi ganaTlebis sistemis srulyofaze muSaobisas mividnen im

daskvnamde, rom sruliad sakmarisia SerCeulma skoladamTavrebulTa

meoTxedma miiRos umaRlesi ganaTleba, danarCeni sami meoTxedisaTvis muSis

specialobebia gaTvaliswinebuli“.

avtori umaRlesi ganaTlebisadmi damokidebulebis ori nimuSis gaanalize-

biT qarTuli poziciis mcdarobas asabuTebs. Sedarebis meTodi konkretul

SemTxvevaSi ganzogadebuli daskvnis safuZveli xdeba: `ar arsebobs ganviTare-

buli qveyana, normaluri ganaTlebis sistema rom ar hqondes. qveyana Tavs ver

daaRwevs ekonomikur kriziss, siduxWires, Tu maRalkvalificiuri kadrebi ar

eyoleba“.

analogiis TvalsaCino nimuSi m. sturuas statiidan (41): „ ... mas Semdeg, rac

saqarTvelom damoukidebloba moipova, gamoirkva: Cven ar gvcodnia ara marto

brZola, aramed vaWrobac, qarTuli saqmosnoba iseTive blefi aRmoCnda, rogorc

 – 73 –

qarTvelTa meomroba. qarTveli jariskacebi mamacurad ibrZodnen rusi gener-

lebis winamZRolobiT, qarTveli generlebi niWierad xelmZRvanelobdnen

rusul qvedanayofebs, raRac msgavsi xdeboda ekonomikis sferoSic. Cveni

wvrili movaWreebi marjved iyenebdnen gigantur sabWoTa bazars. Cvens msxvil

saqmosnebs aranaklebi simarjviT SeeZloT moskoveli wvrili Cinovnikebis mo-

syidva“.

konkretuli magaliTis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom Jurnalisti am

qmediTi publicisturi xerxiT sawinaaRmdego movlenebs arsebiTad axasiaTebs,

msjelobas socialur JReradobas aniWebs da Sefaseba-analizis procesSi saku-

Tar pozicias aaSkaravebs.

mizanSewonilad migvaCnia Sedarebisa da analogiis meTodebis paraleliz-

mis stilistur xerxTan dakavSireba. lingvistebi paralelizmSi gulisxmoben

„ñâÿçü ìåæäó îòäåëüíûìè îáðàçàìè, ìîòèâàìè è ò. ï. â ïðîèçâåäåíèè ðå÷è âûðàæàþùàÿñÿ â

îäèíàêîâîì ðàñïîëîæåíèè ñõîäíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ“ (87, 311).

v. vvedenskaia paralelizmis lingvisturi gagebis gafarToebas dasaSvebad

miiCnevs da mas ganixilavs rogorc stilistur xerxs. paralelizmi saSualebas

iZleva or asociaciurad dakavSirebul movlenas Soris saerTo, msgavseba ga-

movlindes, riTac maT Soris arsebuli gansxvaveba ufro mkveTrad warmoCin-

deba. asociaciuri paralelizmi publicisturi nawarmoebis Temis gaxsnaSi,

nawarmoebis kompoziciasa da enaSi mJRavndeba (95, 112).

v. vvedenskaia asociaciuri paralelizmis or saxeobas gamoyofs: kontras-

tisa da msgavsebis mixedviT.

vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia garkveuli aspeqtiT am stilisturi xerxis publi-

cisturi Tvisebis ganxilvac. asociaciuri paralelizmi umTavresad efuZneba leq-

sikur saSualebebs, rac saSualebas aZlevs Jurnalists movlenis Sefasebas masS-

taburi xasiaTi mianiWos da sakuTari tendenciuri pozicia gaamJRavnos. es mo-

menti gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinod iCens Tavs asociaciuri paralelizmis `rTul“

formaSi, roca sxvadasxva periodis movlenaTa SepirispirebiT awmyo warsul-

Tan asocirdeba. am xerxis gamoyeneba statiaSi gansakuTrebiT momgebianad

 – 74 –

gveCveneba sakuTari Tvalsazrisis gamosaxatavad. igi mkiTxvelis aRqmas amZa-

frebs da saboloo SedegiT avtoris Canafiqrs amarTlebs.

Jurnalisti afxazeTSi samxedro marcxis mizezad profesiuli qarTuli ar-

miis ararsebobas miiCnevs (41). igi erTmaneTs ufardebs saqarTvelos istoriis

sxvadasxva drois movlenebs:

` ... daviT aRmaSenebelma, roca erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli feoda-

luri razmebisagan erovnuli profesionaluri armiis Seqmna ver SeZlo, moiwvia

yivCaRebi, romlebic misTvis da CvenTvis akeTebdnen saxelmwifoebrivi gaerTi-

anebis saqmes. rac Seexeba giorgi saakaZes, ianusiviT mravalsaxovan pirovnebas,

mas mudmivad Semohyavda saqarTveloSi xan iranelebi, xan Turqebi, verc man

SeZlo profesionaluri qarTuli armiis Camoyalibeba“...

warsulisa da dRevandelobis Sepirispireba _ qarTuli profesiuli jaris

ararseboba _ avtors safuZvels aZlevs msjeloba ise warmarTos, rom gaakeTos

Sesabamisi daskvna: `samxedro marcxi afxazeTSi SeiZleba gasagebi iyos, magram

miutevebelia... SesaZlebeli iyo misi (afxazuri gvardias) gakveTa. amisaTvis auci-

lebeli iyo ori piroba: profesionaluri armia da gamarjvebisaken swrafva“...

amdenad, msjelobis analogiis meTodiT publicisti aRwevs mizans: asocia-

ciurad dakavSirebul movlenaTa arsSi ixsneba saerTo niSnebi, movlenaTa aR-

wera eqspresiuli da xatovani xdeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, publikacias STambeWdao-

bas matebs.

avtori TavaSvebulobisa da zomierebis dakargvis unars udebs safuZvlad

iseTi gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis mqone sagnisa da movlenis Sedarebas,

rogoric ZaRli da simorcxvea: `auSviT dabmuli ZaRli da naxavT, rac moxdeba.

ase auSves CvenTan dabmuli simorcxve da vxedavT, rac xdeba“ (78).

avtorma asociaciuri paralelizmis es konkretuli nimuSi masobriv infor-

maciaTa saSualebebis mdgomareobis gasaanalizeblad gamoiyena. misi pozicia, si-

tuaciis Sefasebis tendencia calsaxad mxatvruli dapirispirebis magaliTSic

gamJRavnda: `rogor unda Seafasos adamianma qarTuli presa da televizia, ro-

 – 75 –

melic germanulTan SedarebiT ise gamoiyureba, rogorc jiSian nagazTan quCis

mawanwala ZaRli“ (78).

dRevandel presaSi am xerxis calkeuli nimuSi gvxvdeba. vfiqrobT, misi fun-

qciuri gamoyeneba Tanamedrove qarTul statias mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT

uTuod gaalamazebs da, rac ase mTavaria, mis publicistur Rirsebebsac aamaR-

lebs _ xels Seuwyobs avtoris azris emociurad gadmocemas, mkiTxvelis

fsiqologiuri ganwyobis Seqmnas, rac sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis winapi-

robaa.

statiis msjelobis orive meTodi _ Sedareba da analogia _ avtoris pozi-

ciis mkveTrad da amave dros efeqturad gamoxatvas emsaxureba. misi mizania

mkiTxvelisaTvis winaswar gansazRvruli garkveuli ganwyobisa da azris Seqmna.

amrigad, SegviZlia SevajamoT.

statiisaTvis specifikuria msjelobis ramdenime meTodi: deduqcia, analizi,

sinTezi, ganzogadeba, Sedareba, analogia.

deduqcia statiis msjelobis arsebiTi niSania. statiis mTavari Tezisis _

ideis, problemis (zogadis, abstraqtulis) ganxilva, gaanalizeba, Sefaseba xdeba

cxovrebiseul da sxva saxis faqtobriv masalaze (konkretulze) dayrdnobiT, rac

misi upirvelesi Janrobrivi specifikaa. statiaSi azrobrivi svla ZiriTadad zo-

gadidan konkretuliskenaa mimarTuli.

statiaSi analizi ori mimarTulebiT warimarTeba: farTo (horizonta-

luri) analizi anu movlenis, procesis masStabis Cveneba da Rrma (vertikaluri)

analizi anu faqtebsa da movlenebs Soris arsebuli mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris

dadgena.

sinTezi statiaSi movlenis, problemis Semadgeneli faqtebis, tendenciebisa

da sxva garemoebaTa gaerTianebaa. msjelobis am meTodis gareSe srulfasovani

statia ar arsebobs. sinTezi uSualod ukavSirdeba publicistur ganzogadebas.

statiaSi ganzogadebis faqtebTan mimarTebis or variants gamovyofT: pirve-

li, roca ganzogadebas win uswrebs faqtebi, argumentebi. am tipis ganzogadeba

umeteswilad daskvnis safuZvelia, rasac problemur statiaSi sakiTxis gadawyve-

 – 76 –

tis gzebis miniSnebis an Cvenebis funqciac SeiZleba daekisros. meore

SemTxvevaSi, roca ganzogadebas faqtobrivi masala mosdevs, igi SeiZleba gan-

vixiloT rogorc statiis Tezisi, rac, amave dros, deduqciasac ganapirobebs.

Sedarebisa da analogiis meTodebi movlenis sxvadasxva aspeqtiT Cvenebis

xerxebs _ dapirispirebasa da analogias _ emyareba. am meTodebis dakavSireba

aseve SesaZlebelia stilistur xerxebTan _ asociaciuri paralelizmis saxeebTan

msgavsebisa da kontrastis mixedviT. isini garkveulwilad msjelobis swored

amgvar formebs ganapirobeben da nawarmoebis emociuri, eqspresiuli mxaris

ganmsazRvreladac gvevlinebian. Sedarebis meTodi ganzogadebis safuZvelic

SeiZleba gaxdes.

amrigad, statiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli msjelobis Cven mier gamoyofili

TiToeuli meTodi nawarmoebis mTavari azris _ ideis publicisturad warmoCe-

nas emsaxureba, rac cnebebiT azrovnebas, tendenciis aSkarad gamJRavnebas, sa-

kiTxis aqtualobis dasabuTebasa da masStaburad ganzogadebas gulisxmobs. aR-

niSnuli ki adasturebs mosazrebas, rom statia Tavisi SinaarsiT rTuli da se-

riozuli Janria.

IV Tavi. faqti statiaSi

 – 77 –

statiis msjelobis xerxebi da meTodebi uSualodaa dakavSirebuli faqtTan,

faqtebis jgufTan. imisaTvis, rom gavarkvioT faqtis roli statiaSi, mizanSewoni-

lad CavTvaleT ramdenime aspeqtis ganxilva: faqtis terminis gansazRvra, faqti

sazogadod publicistikaSi da konkretulad statiaSi.

faqti umTavresad ganixileba rogorc:

` _ namdvili, WeSmariti, aragamogonili ambavi, SemTxveva, movlena;

_ sinamdvile, realoba;

_ monacemi, masala raime mosazrebis dasadastureblad, daskvnis gasakeTeb-

lad“ (48, 518).

filosofiuri kategoriiT, faqti:

@1\ cbyjybv gjyznbq bcnbyf= cj,snbt= htpekmnfn+ ytxnj htfkmyjt d ghjnbdjgjkj;yjcnm

dsvsiktyyjve+ rjyrhtnyjt= tlbybxyjt d jnkbxbt jn f,cnhfrnyjuj b j,otuj+

2\ d kjubrt b vtnjljkjubb yferb _ jcj,juj hjlf ghtlkj;tybz= abrcbhe.obt 'vgbhbxtcrjt py-

fybt+ rfr ajhvf 'vgbhbxtcrjuj pyfybz afrn ghjnbdjgjcnfdkztncz ntjhbb bkb ubgjntpt@ (154=

712)\

aRsaniSnavia, rom Tanamedrove filosofiur mecnierebaSi or ZiriTad

tendencias gamoyofen: pirveli faqtis damoukideblobas usvams xazs TeoriasTan

mimarTebaSi, xolo meore amtkicebs, rom faqti mTlianad Teoriazea damokide-

buli da misi cvalebadoba mecnierebis mTeli faqtobrivi bazisis Secvlas ga-

napirobebs (154, 712).

termin `faqtis“ sxvadasxva mniSvnelobazec miuTiTiTeben. erT SemTxvevaSi

igi gviCvenebs `movlenis sarwmunoobas“, sxva SemTxvevaSi _ movlenas gulisx-

mobs (166, 54). faqti aseve eqsperimentiT miRebuli empiriuli monacemebis sta-

tistikuri reziumea (138, 376).

publicistikis TeoriaSi faqti safuZvlianadaa Seswavlili. misi gageba

eyrdnoba miRebul da aRiarebul debulebas _ faqti publicisturi Semoqmedebis

dokumenturi safuZvelia (102, 117).

m. Cerepaxovi aRniSnavs, rom faqti sinamdvilis ujredia. amasTan igi faqtis

daxasiaTebisas m. gorkisac imowmebs. mwerlis azriT, faqts erTgvari fabula

 – 78 –

gaaCnia (165, 160). faqtis konkretuloba, misi movlenuri sawyisi publicistikisaT-

vis udides interess warmoadgens sarwmunoobis, TvalsaCinoebisa da emoci-

urobis TvalsazrisiT (164, 161).

v. uConovas azriT, faqti TavisTavad cotas ambobs, radganac rTuli Se-

mecnebiTi sistemis elementia (150, 43).

sainteresoa faqtis mimarT sxvadasxva mecnierebis damokidebulebis sakiTxi.

n. lipovCenko Jurnalistikisa da istoriis faqtisadmi damokidebulebis marTe-

bul axsnas gvTavazobs: istoriisaTvis faqti warsulia, Jurnalisti ki dRevan-

delobis faqtebs aanalizebs da maT winandels udarebs (129, 58).

gasaziarebelia Teoretikosis mosazreba, rom istoriuli mecniereba dasru-

lebul process swavlobs, xolo Jurnalistikas saqme aqvs `procesis

Camoyalibebisa da Tanamedroveobis ganviTarebasTan“. istorikosi realur

faqtebze dayrdnobiT qmnis movlenaTa panoramas, xolo Jurnalisti yoveli

konkretuli gamosvliT mimdinare movlenebis axal-axal suraTebs xatavs da

maTi erTobliobiT cxovrebis mTel process srulad warmosaxavs (129, 59).

publicistikaSi faqtis TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelobaa gamoyenebuli. Teoreti-

kosebi mas umTavresad universalur funqcias aniWeben. v. goroxovi faqts ganixi-

lavs rogorc ideas, problemas, konfliqts, arguments, saxes, detals, ganzogade-

bas, paradoqss, simbolos (101, 88). mas sxvadasxva JanrSi gansxvavebuli daniSnu-

leba gaaCnia. faqtis pirveladoba ganapirobebs publicisturi nawarmoebis Jan-

robriv specifikas, gamijnavs mas informaciul da analitikur saxeebad. cno-

bilia, rom faqtis informaciuli sawyisi gansazRvravs informaciuli Janrebis

Taviseburebas, xolo analitikur JanrSi igi Jurnalistis mosazrebasTan, Sefase-

basTan, varaudTanaa dakavSirebuli. statiaSi mTavaria sakiTxi, problema, idea,

faqti meorexarisxovania. igi avtoris mosazrebis, Canafiqris dasadastureblad,

daskvnisaTvis monacemis, masalis mniSvnelobiTaa moxmobili. msjelobis dasa-

sabuTebladaa gamiznuli, anu faqtis funqcia umTavresad gansazRvrulia argumen-

tad. v. uConovas Sefaseba mTlianad miesadageba statiisaTvis gankuTvnil faqts:

 – 79 –

`analizis uSualo masala, argumentaciis saSualeba, daskvnebisa da ganzogadebis

safuZveli“ (150).

imave azrisaa qarTveli mecnieri: faqti `gamorCeulia rogorc sababi an ma-

sala sasurveli msjelobisaTvis... socialuri situaciis anareklia da avtoris

nebelobas daqvemdebarebuli“ (43, 40). amasTan igi marto sailustracio saSuale-

bas ar warmoadgens. faqti Jurnalistis sazogadoebrivi, moqalaqeobrivi Tval-

sazrisis Semadgeneli elementia.

statiaSi gamoyenebul faqtTa tipebs, Cveni azriT, yvelaze ukeT v.

goroxovis klasifikacia miesadageba, romlis mixedviT, isini or jgufad iyo-

fian: mecnierebisa da `saRi azris“ (sinamdvilis movlenaTa uSualo aRqmis

Sedegi) faqtebi (101, 99). Tavis mxriv, TiToeul jgufSi faqtTa farTo speqtria

warmodgenili. Tavad faqtis, faqtTa sistemis SerCevis meTods Jurnalistis

msoflmxedveloba, misi sazogadoebriv-politikuri Tvalsazrisi ganapirobebs.

v. kantaroviCi gasaTvaliswineblad miiCnevs fsiqologiidan cnobil (uzna-

Zis skolis mimdevarTa monacemebiT) debulebas, rom adamianis mzadyofna Sear-

Cios da aRiqvas informacia, bevradaa ganpirobebuli mis ganwyobaze. faqtebis

SerCeva pirveladi SemoqmedebiTi procesia (117, 265).

`obieqturi sinamdvilidan misi (faqtis) Jurnalistur teqstSi transformi-

rebis meTodi SerCevis meTodia _ faqtebis publicisturi SerCevis meTodi“ (47,

19). sinamdvilis faqtebis SerCeva ki `ostatobis sferosac ganekuTvneba“ (42, 213).

sxva mkvlevarTa mixedviT _ faqtis SerCeva publicistikaSi poziciaa, ukve aR-

niSnuli faqtisadmi damokidebulebis gamoxatvaa (102, 122; 151).

a. wereTels zepirsityvierebis mniSvnelobis masStabis saCveneblad Semdegi

faqti mohyavs: `mxolod saqarTvelo warmoadgens erTaT-erTs magaliTs, sadac

`baton-ymobis“ dros zogierT glexebs mTeli gvareulobiT zRaprebisa da

Sairebis meti ara emarTaT ra gadasaxadi“ (61, 148).

zepirsityvierebis dakargvis SiSis Rrma gancdam akakis sinamdvilis faqti

gangaSis rangSi aayvanina: `axaldgmas aRar exaliseba es Zveleburi sazepiroebi

da moxucebul mamebs saflavSi CaaqvT aseTi Zvirfasi ganZi!..“ (61, 148). ostaturad
 – 80 –

SerCeuli miukerZoebeli magaliTia. ufro efeqturi argumentis moxmoba mosa-

lodneli sulieri danakargis gamo, albaT, gaZneldeboda. avtoris pozicia sas-

veni niSniTac (!) dafiqsirda.

statiis `ganaTlebis gadarCena _ qveynis gadarCenaa“ (38) avtori Tavis da-

mokidebulebas aqtualuri problemisadmi saTaurSic aSkarad gamoxatavs.

Temis reliefurad warmosaxva movlenis garkveuli jgufis faqtTa nimuSe-

biT xdeba, riTac fiqsirdeba saqarTveloSi arsebuli saxelmwifo da kerZo

umaRlesi saswavleblebis mdgomareoba: kadrebis SerCeva, saswavlo gegmebi da

programebi, materialur-teqnikuri baza, samecniero-pedagogiuri kadrebi, umaR-

lesi skolis marTva.

avtori sxvadasxva qveynis magaliTebs mimarTavs. ucxoeTis umaRlesi ga-

naTlebis sistemisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli uamravi faqtidan yuradReba mxolod

zogierTzea gamaxvilebuli. am SemTxvevaSi SerCevis principi erTmniSvnelovania

_ igi adasturebs avtoris mosazrebas. umaRlesi skolis reformaTa Soris a.

patariZes mizanSewonilad miaCnia kerZo umaRlesi skolebi kolejebad

gadakeTdnen _ moxdes viwro specializacia, swavlebis xangrZlivoba gani-

sazRvros 2-4 wliT, sadac specialistebs bakalavris diplomiT moamzadeben. av-

toris azri dasabuTebulia ucxoeTis magaliTebiT: `aSS-Si kerZo saswavleblebs

Soris bevria patara koleji, sadac 100-500 studenti swavlobs da swavlis xan-

grZlivoba 2-4 weliwadia. iqauri umaRlesi saswavleblebis kursdamTavrebulTa

80 procenti Rebulobs bakalavris diploms. asevea CineTsa da mraval sxva qvey-

anaSi“.

farTo mniSvnelobis problemaa wamoWrili statiaSi `TurqeTi hess aSenebs,

magram“ (56). Woroxis qvemo dinebaSi, saqarTvelo-TurqeTis sazRvarTan axlos,

kaSxal derineris mSeneblobam SesaZloa, aWaris sanapiro zolis rRveva ga-

moiwvios.

publikaciaSi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT TurqeTTan diplomatiuri urTier-

Tobis mniSvnelobaa aRniSnuli. avtori sakiTxis ganxilvisas samecniero-anali-

 – 81 –

tikur Jurnal `uwyebaSi“ statiis gamoqveynebis faqts imowmebs. masSi Woroxis

problemis mogvarebis SesaZleblobazea saubari.

avtoris Canafiqri _ mosalodneli saSiSroebis Sesaxeb icodes saqarT-

velos parlamentma da farTo sazogadoebam _ miRweulia problemis axsna-

ganmartebiT, sakiTxis aqtualurobis damadasturebeli sabuTis miznobrivi gamo-

yenebiT.

Jurnalisti m. anasaSvili cxovrebis rTuli pirobebis gaanalizebiT msje-

lobs qalis dRevandelobaze, mis rolze sazogadoebaSi (4). avtoris Rrma rwme-

niT, qals politikaze mniSvnelovani gavlena SeuZlia. igi mkiTxvels msoflioSi

xelisuflebis saTaveSi myofi Svidi qalbatonis Sesaxeb Seaxsenebs: `nikaraguis

prezidenti violeta Camoro, irlandiis prezidenti meri robinsoni, islandiis

prezidenti eigdis finbugaditisi, norvegiis premier-ministri harlem bruntlan-

ti, TurqeTis premier-ministri Tansu Cileri, pakistanis premier-ministri bena-

zir bhuto, bangladeSis premier-ministri halela zia“. Jurnalisti arguments

garkveuli daniSnulebiT iyenebs: `damerwmunebiT, maSin, rodesac msoflioSi 5,5

miliardi mcxovrebia (aqedan 2,7 miliardi qalia), es cifri maincdamainc ver

aris STambeWdavi“. erTi faqtiT meorea dasabuTebuli. avtoriseuli interpre-

taciiT cxadi xdeba pozicia _ sazogadoebam qalisadmi damokidebuleba unda

Secvalos.

Tevzis mrewvelobis saqmeSi arsebul siZneleebzea saubari statiaSi `Tevzma

xma rom amoiRos...“ (14). problemis mizezTa Soris dasaxelebulia Tevzsameurneo

obieqtebis umravlesobis decentralizacia, monopolizacia da privatizacia. am

procesTa daxasiaTebisas avtori emyareba faqtebs:

`Tbilisis Tevzis macivari da safirmo maRazia `okeane“ CamoerTva kon-

cerns. quTaisis meriac winaaRmdegia Tevzis specializebuli maRaziebis dargi-

saTvis datovebisa. Tbilisis Tevzis qarxana municipalur sakuTrebad aqcies.

TevzsaWeri flotis gemic gadavida kerZo sakuTrebaSi da maTi mflobelebi

TevzWeras komerciuli tvirTis gadazidvas amjobineben“.

 – 82 –

`mkiTxvels warmodgena rom hqondes, Tu ra potenciuri SesaZleblobebi

aqvs dargs, ganvumartav: es iseTi sferoa, romelsac weliwadSi 100 milioni ame-

rikuli dolaris Semosavlis mocema SeuZlia“.

pirveli faqti gvatyobinebs mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri berketebis saku-

Tari interesebisadmi daqvemdebarebis tendencias, xolo meore _ saqmis war-

matebiT gaZRolis SemTxvevaSi mosalodnel saxelmwifo mogebas.

publikaciaSi moyvanil am da sxva faqtTa Soris arsebobs mizez-Sedegobrivi

kavSiri, romelic problemas srulyofilad warmoaCens. faqtTa logika aseTia:

saxalxo interesi pirad, kerZo interesebze maRla unda davayenoT, gavufrTxil-

deT bunebriv resursebs, gamoviyenoT sakuTari simdidre Cvenive moTxovnileba-

Ta dasakmayofileblad da qveynis gasamdidreblad. avtori marTebulad miiCnevs

Tevzis mrewvelobis dargSi ruseTis gamocdilebaze SeaCeros yuradReba. igi

wylis biologiuri resursebis dacvis, Tevzis kvlavwarmoebisa da gamoyenebis

sakiTxebis ganxilvasa da maT kontrols mTavrobis doneze ayenebs.

cnobilia, rom m. gorki xSirad imeorebda balzakis sityvebs: @ukegj= rfr

afrn@= Tan daamatebda, rom `suleli faqti“ Semoqmedis mier gauazrebeli cxov-

rebiseuli nedli masalaa (117, 271). rogorc v. kantaroviCi aRniSnavs, faqtisadmi

gorkiseul damokidebulebaSi mTavari iyo mwerlis Zalze seriozuli pozicia:

cudia, roca @fdnjh hfccvfnhbdftn afrns= cnjz yf jlyjq gkjcrjcnb c ybvb@ (117= 271)\

swored aseTi _ erT sibrtyeSi, calsaxad danaxuli _ faqtebi ar unda gaxdes

statiis ideis argumentebi, radgan maTi teqstSi moxmoba avtoris poziciis da-

sabuTebis ukupiroba SeiZleba gaxdes.

es rTuli SemoqmedebiTi amocana ostatobis TvalsazrisiT statiaSi srul-

yofilad mxolod erTi pirobiT SeiZleba gadaiWras: konkretulisa da zogadis

dialeqtikuri erTianobis amsaxveli faqtebi unda esadagebodes avtoris

analitikur azrovnebasa da mamtkicebel ganzogadebas, rac amavdroulad sa-

zogadoebrivi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebis danaxvis saSualebasac iZleva. Jur-

nalisti STambeWdav faqtebs eZebs. rogorc praqtika gviCvenebs, misi TvalTaxed-

vis areSi xvdeba gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis faqtic, romelic arsebiTs Tval-

 – 83 –

saCinod gamoavlens. Teoretikosis SexedulebiT, publicistis SemoqmedebiT

unars gansazRvravs, dainaxos, @rfr d\\\ bcrk.xbntkmyjv gj rjywtynhfwbb jghtltktyyjuj rf-

xtcndf zdktybb crhsdftncz pfrjyjvthyjt= [fhfrnthyjt@ (109= 56)\

ilias sityva `dedakacis“ gaufasurebis dasamtkiceblad cxovrebiseuli

faqti mohyavs: `dRes `dedakaci“ rom an Tavadis, an aznauris qals, an erTob

`Sliaposans“ uwodoT, giwyenT, iukadrisebs, iTakilebs: me qali var da ara

`dedakacio“, TiTqo qarTuli `dedakaci“ da rusuli @,f,f@ erTi da igive iyos“

(72, 428).

ilias sakuTar simarTleSi mkiTxvelis dasarwmuneblad aseve Seudarebeli

faqti-argumenti mohyavs, ramac, Tavis mxriv, konkretul sakiTxze sazogadoe-

brivi Segnebis Camoyalibeba unda ganapirobos: `sityva `qali“ gana imodenas gve-

tyvis, rasac gveubneba didebuli sityva `deda“ da masTan erTad `kaci“. `qarT-

velebisaTvis `deda“ marto mSobeli ar aris. qarTveli RviZl enasac `deda-enas“

eZaxis, ufross qalaqs _ `deda qalaqs“, mkvidrs da did boZs saxlisas _ `deda-

boZs“, udidessa da umagress burjs _ `deda-burjs“ samTavro azrs _ `deda-azrs“.

guTnis gamgebel mamakacsac-ki `guTdis-dedas“. ramodenad gandidebulia

mniSvneloba dedisa, ramodenad gamravalgvarebuli, gapatiosnebuli, gaZliere-

buli, gaRonierebuli da Tavmosawonebeli!..“ sidide, simagre da simkvidrec ki

aRniSnulia dedobiT!.. amaze meti pativi raRa unda moutanos saxelma!“ (72, 429).

rogorc vxedavT, sworadaa gansazRvruli faqtTa Soris arsebiTi kavSiri,

gamoyofilia saganTa upirvelesoba (RviZli ena, ufrosi qalaqi, mkvidri boZi,

udidesi da umagresi burji, samTavro azri), rac `dedasTanaa“ dakavSirebuli.

ilia msjelobis mizanmimarTuli analiziT SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams: misi azriT,

ubedurebis saTave swored is aris, rom `dedakacni“... aRar gvyvanan da marto

`qalebi“-Ra dagvrCnen“.

statiis faqtis SerCevas avtoris mizani, msjelobis masStaburoba gansazRv-

ravs. Jurnalists mxolod mkafio da gansazRvruli pozicia akvalianebs, Tu ra

masala moiZios, rogor miitanos mkiTxvelamde SerCeuli faqtis mravalmxrivi

gageba, misi sxvadasxva speqtri.

 – 84 –

publikaciebis analizma saSualeba mogvca davaskvnaT, rom statiaSi faqti

`sufTa“ saxiT ar arsebobs. ganxiluli nimuSebidan naTlad Cans, rom faqtis Ti-

Toeuli aspeqti statiaSi SeiZleba seriozuli kvlevisa da msjelobis sagani

gaxdes. publicisti irCevs faqtis Sinaarsis misTvis misaReb mxares da cxadad

warmogviCens, Tu konkretulad ra mniSvnelobiTaa igi saintereso.

i. WavWavaZe statiaSi `saaxalwlod“ (75, 376) aratradiciulad udgeba axali

wlis sixaruliT Segebebis wess. avtori am konkretul faqtze msjelobiT miznad

isaxavs seriozulad daafiqros mkiTxveli, Tu ras niSnavs `wasvla Zvelisa,

...mosvla axlisa“. igi aanalizebs arsebul realobas, amxels bevr naklovanebas,

gulistkiviliT aRniSnavs, rom `sinanulisa da gankiTxvisaTvis aRarc guli

gvaqvs gulis adgilas da aRarc Wkua Wkuis adgilas da viZaxiT waramarad `droni

mefobeno“ maSin, rodesac dro mxolod igi qvevria, romelic marto imas amoi-

Zaxebs xolme, rasac TiTon kaci CasZaxebs“ (75, 378).

gansakuTrebiT faseulia avtoris mkveTrad gamoxatuli ganzraxva _ sazoga-

doeba gamoafxizlos, rom `erTmaneTs erTmaneTiT guli gavuguladoT da amisaT-

vis Rone Rones gadavabaT, mxari mxars mivceT, erTmaneTis siyvaruli vamoci-

quloT, ...vimxneoT erTad-erTis guliT, erTis suliT, erTmaneTis ndobiT“...

(75, 80).

ilia WavWavaZes axali wlis mosvlisa da masTan dakavSirebuli sxva faqtebi

arsebul problemebze sakuTari damokidebulebis farTo planiT saCveneblad

dasWirda. `ametyvelebuli faqtiT“ ilias Canafiqri mis moqalaqeobriv pozicias,

cxovrebiseul miznebsa da sakuTari movaleobis epoqalur gagebas gamoxatavs.

statiaSi moyvanili faqti tipuri unda iyos. sxva SemTxvevaSi igi winaaRmde-

gobaSi aRmoCndeba farTo masStabis daskvnebsa da ganzogadebebTan. sxvagvarad,

faqtis funqciaa daamowmos, rom avtoris msjelobisa da mtkicebis sistemas rea-

luri niadagi gaaCnia (144, 109).

akaki wereTlis statiis `Teatris gamo“ (62, 18) Tema qarTuli Teatris sava-

lalo mdgomareobaa. masSi gulistkiviliTaa gamxelili publikaciis mTavari sa-

 – 85 –

kiTxi: `unda gamovtydeT, rom qarTvelebs Teatri ara gvaqvs da Cven rom Teat-

rad migvaCnia, is misi aCrdilic ar aris“.

avtori TeatrisaTvis aucilebel da saWiro ramdenime faqtors gamoyofs:

Sesaferisi Senoba, kvalificiuri msaxiobebi, mwerlebi da gulSematkivari may-

urebeli. misi azriT, TiTqmis yvelaferi arsebobs, magram Teatri mainc ar aris.

akaki sagnobrivad aanalizebs Seqmnil mdgomareobas da mTliani suraTis Tval-

saCinod warmosaxvisaTvis sxvadasxva faqts iSveliebs. msaxiobebs niWiereba ar

akliaT, magram akliaT saTanado profesiuli pasuxismgebloba, sxva saqmeebiT

arian dakavebulni: `ise gamodian scenaze, TiTqos koWaobas apirebeno“. akakis, v.

abaSiZis garda, scenisaTvis Tavdadebulad aravin eguleba.

piesebis mwerlebs daviwyebuli aqvT, rom niWis garda saWiroa swavla, cod-

na da Sromismoyvareoba. arcTu iSviaTia faqti, roca piesis avtori scenaze

dadgmul sakuTar nawarmoebs ZlivsRa cnobs, ris magaliTadac akakis megobari

mwerlis ambavi mohyavs.

cxovrebiseuli faqtebis gaanalizebiT publicisti adasturebs mTavar Teziss

qarTuli Teatris ararsebobis Sesaxeb. statiaSi moyvanili tipuri faqtebi Tan-

mimdevrul, logikur msjelobas ganapirobebs.

n. nikolaZis statiaSi `enebis swavleba Cvens sasuliero-saswavlo dawesebu-

lebebSi“ (34, 450) aqtualuri sakiTxia wamoWrili. publicists mizanSewonilad ar

miaCnia `Cvens sasuliero-saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, sadac axalmiRebul

moswavleebs warmodgena ara aqvT rusul enaze da sadaca yvela sagans gaugebar

enaze zuTxviT swavloben... rusuli enis gakveTilebis iseTive raodenobiT dawe-

seba, rogorc miRebulia kostromis an tulis sasuliero-saswavlo dawesebule-

bebSi“.

am SemTxvevaSi sinamdvilis amsaxveli faqti Sefasebulia avtoris mier. sta-

tiis msjeloba naTels hfens arasworad warmarTul saswavlo process. TviT

n. nikolaZe am faqts `daujerebels“ uwodebs, magram mkiTxvelisaTvis igi WeSma-

ritad dasajerebelia, radganac sxva ufro TvalsaCino magaliTebi axlavs:

 – 86 –

`rusuli enis gakveTilebis raodenoba yovelkvireulad: I. sasuliero sas-

wavleblebSi: pirvel klasSi _ 1, meoreSi _ 3, mesameSi _ 3 da meoTxeSi _ 1.

II. seminariebSi rusul enas sruliad ar aswavlian; mis magivrad swavloben

egreT wodebul sityvierebas, magram pirvel klasSi sityvierebis gakveTili 3-ia,

meoreSi _ aseve 3, xolo mesame, meoTxe, mexuTesa da meeqvseSi am sagans sruliad

ar aswavlian“ (34, 451).

konkretuli faqti mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirs amyarebs sxva faqtTan. igi rea-

lurad asaxavs saswavlebelSi arsebul mdgomareobas, ramac ufro

mniSvnelovani faqti ganapiroba. kerZod, ` ... xarkovis universitetSi misaRebi

gamocdebis dros Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis aRzrdili, aw gardacvlili

dedaberovi rusul enaSi CaiWra, magram maswavleblebs ganucxada da daamtkica

kidec, rom Tbilisis seminariaSi rusul enas sruliad ar aswavlian“ (34, 452).

niko nikolaZe sasuliero saswavlebelSi sazogadod enebis _ qarTulis,

berZnulis, laTinuris _ swavlebis saqmeSi arsebul sxva seriozul naklovane-

bebsac amxels. igi sruliad samarTlianad Tvlis, rom aq qarTuli enisadmi

arasaTanado damokidebulebaa. Tu raoden didi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli enis

swavlebas momavali eklesiis msaxurisaTvis, amas faqtobrivadac safuZvlianad

asabuTebs: `Cveni qveynis marTlmadidebluri mosaxleobis oTxmocdacxrameti da

cxra meaTedi procenti, Tu meti ara, mxolod qarTulad laparakobs. Tuki

misioneri, romelmac Cinelebi unda gaanaTlos, winaswar swavlobs Cinur enas,

maSin miT ufro bunebrivia, rom momavalma eklesiis msaxurma, romelsac surs

qristes moZRvrebiT qarTvelebis ganaTleba, safuZvlianad unda icodes mo-

mavali samwysos erTaderTi ena“... (34, 452).

realobis amsaxveli (`Cveni qveynis marTlmadidebluri mosaxleobis oTx-

mocdacxrameti da cxra meaTedi procenti, Tu meti ara, mxolod qarTulad lapa-

rakobs“) da cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis (`misioneri, romelmac Cinelebi unda

gaanaTlos, winaswar swavlobs Cinur enas“) faqtebis dawyvilebiT avtorma isini

logikurad gamoiyena argumentebad da sakuTari mosazrebis WeSmariteba

daasabuTa.
 – 87 –

Tanmimdevrul msjelobaSi aseve ostaturadaa moxmobili argumentis tol-

fasi sxva cxovrebiseuli faqtic: CiqorTuli qarTuliT mosaubre axalgazrda

mRvdeli samwysos arigebda. misi metyveleba, eklesiisadmi didi mowiwebisda miu-

xedavad, mrevlis Rimils iwvevda. sworia avtoris damokidebuleba da Sefaseba

moyvanili faqtisadmi, rac savsebiT logikurad da amavdroulad gulwrfelad

JRers: `unda dameTanxmoT, rom amgvari mdgomareoba gamoiwvevs ufro seriozul

skandals, vidre es, gansvenebuli dedaberovis gancxadebam gamoiwvia xarkovSi“.

Jurnalisti Cveni qveynisa da erisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis aqtua-

lur Temaze msjelobs publikaciaSi `xelis dabanis“ klasikuri magaliTi“ (81).

avtoris pozicia saTaurSivea gamoxatuli, rasac qvesaTaurad gamotanili sta-

tiis Tezisic adasturebs: `jandacvis reforma mosaxleobis janmrTelobis dacvas

ver uzrunvelyofs“. m. jaiani mimdinare reformis xarvezTa Soris arsebiT faqts

aRniSnavs: `saxelmwifom saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erTi procentisaTvis _ um-

weoTaTvis, polisebi gamoyo. ra Tqma unda, `umweo“ dRes Cveni mosaxleobis erT

procentze gacilebiT metia, magram didi SeRavaTebi arc am polisebis `bednieri“

mflobelebisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli. maT, ubralod, federalur programebs

zeviT cota gazrdili programiT moemsaxurebian ufasod“. konkretuli faqtiT

avtori gviCvenebs, rom reforma samedicino momsaxurebis Rirebulebis Semcire-

bis pirobisa da mosaxleobisaTvis xelmisawvdomi samedicino momsaxurebis sis-

temis Seqmnis safuZvels ver iZleva.

teqstSi moxmobili faqtiT utyuarad SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom janmrTe-

lobis dargSi mimdinare gardaqmnebi Tanamedrove cxovrebiseul moTxovnebs ar

Seesabameba.

avtori sakuTari Tvalsazrisis gasamyareblad irCevs iseT faqts, romelic

yvelaze ukeT moergeba mis mTavar saTqmels, gamokveTs ideis socialur-politi-

kur aspeqts. amdenad, statiis faqti imTaviTve gansazRvrulia problemis zneob-

rivi da socialuri arsis gamosaxatavad. swored es miznobrivi funqciaa faqti-

saTvis arsebiTi am tipis JanrSi.

 – 88 –

avtori mSobliuri enis siwmindis dacvis aucileblobis ideis dasamtkiceb-

lad publikaciaSi `dedaenis geri sityva“ (19) mraval argumentTa Soris faqt-aq-

siomasac imarjvebs: `enis istoria, eris istoriaa“. aRniSnuliT l. TofuriZem

mkiTxveli sazogadoebis yuradReba enis, rogorc eris arsebobis aucilebel faq-

torze gaamaxvila.

avtoriseul pozicias STambeWdavad gamoxatavs statiaSi moxmobili isto-

riuli kanonzomiereba: `istorias mkacri kanoni aqvs: damarcxeba danaSaulia“. l.

tuxaSvilma publikaciac aseve daasaTaura, riTac sakuTar Tvalsazrisze

calsaxad migvaniSna (46).

m. kakabaZe statiaSi `pilate moiTxovs sikvdiliT dasjas“ sazogadoebis gar-

kveuli nawilis mosazrebis _ `sikvdiliT sasjels moiTxoven“ _ mcdarobas

asabuTebs.

publikaciaSi faqtTa mTeli seriaa mocemuli:

_ lenin-stalinis samarTliT Seqmnili sapatimroebisa da mdgomareobis aR-

wera;

_ bavSvobisdroindeli epizodi _ operis pirdapir mdgomi mamamisi, rome-

lic rusTavelis prospeqtis qveS wamebuli adamianebiT gatenili Cekas sardafe-

bis Sesaxeb mouTxrobda;

_ `Cvens Tvalwin ixvriteboda aTasobiT adamiani, sawamebeli iaraRebiT

itanjeboda uTvalavi sikvdilmisjili... ase awames tician tabiZe, ase amoxades su-

li mixeil javaxiSvils, evgeni miqelaZes, sandro axmetels!..“

_ `ilia WavWavaZis brZola sikvdiliT dasjis winaaRmdeg“;

_ polikarpe kakabaZis sikvdiliT sasjelisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba

da sxv.

sxvadasxva procesis amsaxveli yoveli faqti statiaSi avtoris poziciis ga-

samyarebladaa moxmobili. maT Soris myardeba kavSiri, ris safuZvelzec Ti-

Toeuli maTgani sazogadoebriv-politikuri TvalTaxedviT avtoris moqalaqeo-

brivi mrwamsis damadasturebeli sabuTis funqcias iZens. magram gansakuTrebiT

 – 89 –

efeqturi da STambeWdavia istoriuli faqtebis Sepirispireba, rac avtors pub-

likaciis finalSi ostaturad aqvs gamoyenebuli:

`cnobilia faqti, rom Tamar mefes sikvdiliT sasjelze xeli ar mouweria.

oTxi ajanyeba iyo Tamaris dros. aba, ifiqreT, ramdeni damnaSave, moRalate da

mkvleli iqneboda.

warmoidgineT, Tamaris spetak saxels ra Crdili daedeboda, sakuTari qma-

ri, ajanyebis moTave giorgi dolgoruki rom sikvdiliT daesaja (ise, rogorc

ruseTis dedofali ekaterine meore moiqca), anda taxtis modave demna batoniSvi-

lis sikvdilze moewera xeli.

Tavisi qceviT didi Tamari ganuzomel simaRleze dadga. udidesi moralis

magaliTi aCvena kacobriobas, rac ver SeZlo inglisis dedofalma elisabedma

msgavs situaciaSi.

inglisis Zlevamosil dedofals dResac moralur naklad uTvlis sakuTari

eri taxtis modave maria stiuartis mkvlelobas.

am or maRal xelmwifeTagan romlis kanonma gaimarjva, Tavad gansajeT...

didma Tamarma faqtiurad uaryo sikvdiliT sasjeli da amiT Tavis epoqaze

da Sua saukuneebis saxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeblobaze gaimarjva“.

m. kakabaZem Tamar mefisa da istoriisaTvis aranakleb mniSvnelovan pirov-

nebaTa moqmedebis damapirispirebeli faqtebis SerCeviT SeZlo movlenis arse-

biTi mxaris reliefurad warmoCena: qarTveli politikosis sibrZne, windaxed-

uleba, SorsmWvreteloba, kacTmoyvareoba, religiuroba, rac yovel Jams

sWirdeba gonier kacsa da ers. amave dros aSkarad migvaniSna tradiciis gagrZe-

lebis aucileblobaze: `Tamari wmindania da Cven gvmarTebs wmindanis baZva da

ara boro- tebis“.

faqtebze damyarebul msjelobas logikurad mihyavs mkiTxveli STambeWdav

daskvnamde, rasac avtori ganzogadebuli, garkveulad kategoriuli formiT

gvTavazobs:

`ori aTasze meti wlis saxelmwifo tradiciebis mqone saqarTvelo Tavis

mravalsaukunovan istorias unda SeuerTdes dRes ganaxlebuli, damoukidebeli,

 – 90 –

Tavisufali qveynis saxeliT, sadac msgavsad mTeli progresuli kacobriobisa,

sikvdiliT dasja ar unda iyos“.

j. Rvinjilia mafiis `uZRebi madis“ dasadastureblad publikaciaSi (51) aR-

niSnavs, rom man `waglija mwerlobas, mecnierebas da kulturas yvelaferi,

rasac ki materialuri simdidre erqva“. avtors debulebis damajereblobis

mizniT konkretuli magaliTebi mohyavs. mag., `qarTul mwerlobas ar misces ar-

cerTi stamba!“

aseT faqtze prof. n. tabiZe miuTiTebs: `metyveli faqtis farTo planiT Cve-

neba“ (43, 102). avtori sakiTxis simwvaves sasveni niSniTac (!) usvams xazs. WeSmari-

tad mravalrakursiani faqtia _ mwerlobisadmi damokidebulebiT mafiis mier

sazogadoebrivi interesis ugulebelyofaa naCvenebi. ZviradRirebuli poli-

grafiuli manqanebi Tavis droze mxatvruli literaturis, gamomcemloba

`xelovnebis“ Zvirfasi wignebisaTvis, qarTuli enciklopediisaTvis daidga.

rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, `is, visTvisac es manqana-danadgarebi Semoitanes,

qonebis am gamalebuli mitacebis xanaSi, rasac privatizacia uwodes, datoves

mSralze, araferi arges, imis saSualebac ar misces, qarTul mwerlobas erTi

rigiani stamba gaemarTa da usayrdenod ar darCeniliyo cisqveS!“

Znelia, ar daeTanxmo avtors, roca am movlenas danaSaulis rangSi ganixi-

lavs da misi masStabis sxva ganzomilebazec miuTiTebs: `qarTul mwerlobas, mec-

nierebasa da kulturas waarTves xalxi, wigns _ mkiTxveli, kulturas _ mayure-

beli da msmeneli, fenebs, romelzec mogaxseneT statiis dasawyisSi, uWirs-meTqi,

cxridan oc laramde aqvT xelfasi...

sxva problemac wamoimarTa. Cven xalxi wagverTva da Semosavalic gaqra, es

erTi!

meore: amodena eri, anu mTeli eri SimSiliT sikvdilisaTvis rom gaiwira,

amas xom yvelani vxedavT, SimSilisagan marto kuW-nawlavebi rodi gadagvardeba,

marto janmrTeloba rodi ispoba, _ eris fsiqika ifiteba SimSilisagan... aravis,

ase cota ulufa aravis miugdia qarTveli erisaTvis _ arcerT dampyrobels. mih-

qondaT xarki xalxisagan, magram imdeni Wkua hqondaT TavSi, sakmao ulufa eris-
 – 91 –

Tvisac daetovebinaT, rom im ers raimes Seqmna SesZleboda momavalSi da kidev

gadaexada xarki“.

SesaSuri ostatobiT ametyvelebuli faqtebia, maTSi erovnuli da so-

cialuri aspeqti gansxeulda, rac umaRlesi mniSvnelobis mqone sazogadoebrivi

sakiTxia.

zemoT moyvanili msjeloba, ganxiluli nimuSebi, vfiqrobT, sakmao safuZ-

vels iZleva imisaTvis, rom statiis faqtis funqciuri daxasiaTeba Semdegnairad

CamovayaliboT.

statiis faqti: a) asaxavs movlenis arss, mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirs amyarebs

sxva faqtebTan, aCvenebs procesis dinamikas, misi ganviTarebis logikas;

b) asabuTebs avtoris mosazrebas, Sexedulebas, koncefcias, moqalaqeobrivi

da sazogadoebrivi Tvalsazrisis gamomxatvel pozicias;

g) uzrunvelyofs Jurnalistis, publicistis mier winaswar gansazRvrul sa-

Tanado emocia-gancdis gamowvevas, ganapirobebs ganwyobas, riTac sazogadoebri-

vi azris formirebis garkveuli wanamZRvari faqtoris daniSnulebas iZens.

 – 92 –

V Tavi. argumentacia _ statiis umTavresi niSani

publicisturi ostatobis sakiTxTa Soris Janris problema specifikuria,

rac umTavresad im garemoebiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom `JanrTa sazRvari friad

moZravia, xSiria... moulodneli feriscvaleba“ (42, 188).

sxvadasxva epoqaSi JanrTa mimdinare mravali `feriscvalebis“ miuxeda-

vad, ucvleli darCa statiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli umTavresi niSani _ argumen-

tacia.

statia argumentebis _ misi `Sinaarsis yvelaze ufro aqtiuri elementebis“

(101, 98) _ gareSe ar arsebobs. mwyobri da logikuri mtkiceba Jurnalisturi ga-

mosvlis damajereblobasa da efeqturobas gansazRvravs, `zogierT JanrSi

dasabuTebis procesi mZlavrobs“ (43, 241). statia swored iseTi Janria, sadac

mTavaria dasabuTeba da mtkiceba.

rogorc cnobilia, logikaSi mtkicebaTa struqtura Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi

komponentisagan: Tezisi, argumenti da mtkicebis xerxebi.

mtkicebis logikuri da fsiqologiuri elementebi moRvaweobis sxvadasxva

sferoSi farTod gamoiyeneba. logikaSi arsebuli mtkicebis wesi Tavs iCens pub-

licistikaSi, romlis Tanaxmad, Tezisi, rogorc msjelobis saxeoba, saWiroebs

dasabuTebas da mtkicebis procesSi ar icvleba. xolo argumenti unda iyos WeS-

mariti msjeloba, romelic mocemul Teziss daasabuTebs (101, 98). amasTan logi-

kaSi miRebuli argumentaciis sistema JurnalistikaSi garkveul cvlilebebs

ganicdis. am cvlilebaTa mizezs orgvari axsna aqvs: erTi mxriv, Jurnalistika

garkveul ideologiur koncefcias atarebs _ argumentaciis xerxebi da meTo-

debi publikaciis avtoris poziciasa da politikur mizanzea damokidebuli. pub-

licistika valdebulia movlenis politikuri interpretacia mogvces. politi-

 – 93 –

kuri TvalTaxedviT gansazRvros movlenis roli da adgili. gaarkvios, Tu ras

warmoadgens konkretuli movlena sadReisod da rogori iqneba misi Sedegebi

uaxloes momavalSi (149, 81). meore mxriv, JurnalistikaSi argumentaciis Tavise-

burebas ganapirobebs mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis specifika _ masobrivi zegavlena

sazogadoebrivi fsiqologiis Camoyalibebis mizniT, rac mtkicebis saSualebaTa

sagangebo SerCevas moiTxovs. amasTan `mtkicebis xerxebi da meTodebi nawarmoe-

bis specifikis mixedviT transformirdeba“ (43, 241).

cnobilia, rom mcdari azris damtkiceba ar SeiZleba, magram mis WeSmarite-

baSi pirovnebis darwmuneba Zneli rodia. emociaTa da fsiqologiuri efeqtebis

gavleniT sinamdvile, cxovrebiseuli realoba SeiZleba sicrued mogveCvenos,

xolo tyuili, absurdi ki _ simarTled.

statiis ZiriTadi RerZi _ idea _ avtoris msoflmxedvelobis gamomxat-

velia. amasTan, statiaSi yovelTvis mTavaria aqtualuri sazogadoebrivi JRera-

dobis idea, romelic umTavresad msjelobis `centraluri punqtis“ (145, 14) anu

Tezisis saxiTaa Camoyalibebuli. igi, rogorc mtkicebis struqturis upirvelesi

komponenti, yovelTvis emyareba avtoris cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas, mis mier

sakiTxisa Tu problemis kompetentur, siRrmiseul codnas, xolo msjelobis de-

duqciuri meTodi (svla zogadidan konkretulisaken) publicists sabuTebis Ser-

Cevisas ufro meti Tavisuflebis saSualebas aZlevs (43, 241).

sagazeTo masalis qmediToba gulisxmobs im cvlilebebs, rac cxovrebaSi

Jurnalistis gamosvlis Semdeg moxda (148, 114) da pirdapirdamokidebulebaSia

publikaciis damajereblobasTan _ ramdenadac maRalia darwmunebis koeficienti,

imdenad efeqturia qmediToba. is, Tu ramdenad sworia statiis debuleba _

Tezisi, ramdenad marTebuladaa gamyarebuli logikuri argumentaciiT, gansaz-

Rvravs konkretuli sakiTxisadmi Sesabamis sazogadoebriv damokidubulebas.

publicisturi nawarmoebis Tezisisadmi logikis zemoxsenebul or moTxov-

nas (Tezisi ucvleli unda darCes mtkicebis procesSi da dasabuTdes argumentis

saSualebiT) aucilebelia, mivaTvaloT mesame da upirvelesi: Tezisi unda iyos

 – 94 –

maqsimalurad zusti, gansazRvruli, konkretuli. masSi Jurnalistis pozicia

gansa- xilveli problemis mimarT mkafiod unda Camoyalibdes.

statiaSi mtkiceba rTuli procesia. misi mizania mkiTxveli daajeros ama Tu

im debulebis sisworeSi. amdenad, igi am SemTxvevaSi gvevlineba rogorc darwmu-

nebis procesis arsebiTi elementi. amasTan, mtkiceba, rogorc zogierTi Teoreti-

kosi miiCnevs, mkiTxvels azrovnebas aswavlis (109, 151).

sagulisxmoa is garemoebac, rom mkvlevrebi `argumentaciis“ cnebis gansaz-

Rvrisas samamulo da ucxour literaturaSi aRiarebul Sexedulebas eyrdnobian:

argumentaciis sistema, rogorc cnobili Tezisis damtkicebisa da auditoriis

darwmunebis procesebis ganuyofeli organuli erTianoba (116, 123).

logika gvaswavlis: @Ljrfpfntkmcndj _ 'nj kjubxtcrjt hfcce;ltybt= d ghjwtcct rjnjhjuj

gjlndth;lftncz bkb jghjdthuftncz bcnbyyjcnm rfrjq-kb,j vsckb c gjvjom. lheub[ gjkj;tybq=

ghjdthtyys[ ghfrnbrjq@ (159= 176)\

publicistur nawarmoebSi mtkicebis procesSi umeteswilad efeqturadaa ga-

moyenebuli argumentaciis sxvadasxva forma da meTodi: induqcia, deduqcia, ana-

logia, analizi, sinTezi, uaryofa (45, 54-62). statiaSi argumentaciis yvela am xer-

xiT sargeblobaa SesaZlebeli, magram aucilebel pirobad unda iqnas miCneuli

is garemoeba, rom igi kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba

mosazRvre Janrebisagan, `masSi Tavisebur deduqciasTan gvaqvs saqme“ (42, 190).

mtkicebis ZiriTadi safuZveli argumentia, romlis saSualebiTac Jurnal-

istis mosazrebis, koncefciis dadastureba an uaryofa xdeba. a. tertiCnis ganmar-

teba rom moviSvelioT, argumentebi `mtkicebiTi msjelobis is elementebia,

romlebic adastureben publicisturi nawarmoebis ZiriTadi Tezisis WeSmarite-

bas“ (145, 32). Cven viziarebT daskvnas, rom `argumenti _ publicisturi teqstis

erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Sinaarsobrivi elementi, gansakuTrebuli funqciis

matarebelia _ igi avtoris poziciis, mis SefasebaTa, daskvnebisa da rekomenda-

ciebis, koncefciis, ideebis dasabuTebas emsaxureba“ (47, 39).

 – 95 –

aseve viziarebT publicistikis TeoriaSi argumentTa tipologiuri klasifi-

kaciis im models, romelic ganixilavs faqtobrivi argumentebis vrcel nusxas

(mecnieruli empiriuli faqtebi, ideebi, statistikuri monacemebi, dokumenturi

faqtebi, mowmobebi) da RirebulebiT argumentebs, e. w. @pfvtcnbntkm fhuevtynjd@

(145= 34-45)\

am tipis argumentebi, a. tertiCnis gansazRvrebiT, arseboben Sefasebisa (Sida

_ dyenhtyybt da gare _ dytiybt bkb enbkbnfhyst) da normis (ideologiuri, po-

litikuri, moraluri, samarTlebrivi, kulturuli, religiuri) formebiT (145,

46-49).

gasaTvaliswinebelia publicistikis mkvlevar v. goroxovis mosazreba faq-

tobriv argumentTa ori ZiriTadi jgufis Sesaxeb: mecnieruli da `saRi azris“

(sinamdvilis movlenaTa uSualo aRqmis Sedegi) faqtebi (101, 99).

faqtobrivi magaliTebi statiaSi yvelaze metyveli da efeqturi argumente-

bia.

i. WavWavaZe statiaSi `qali maswavlebeli~ (63, 331) pedagogis arasaxarbielo

sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobisa da arasaTanado anazRaurebis sakiTxs ayenebs.

ilia xatovnad gvisuraTebs mSier-mwyurval, bunebis pirobebisa da ada-

mianisagan daCagrul soflis xelmokle maswavlebels. kidev ufro savalaloa

ostatis, gamzrdelisa da maswavleblis mdgomareoba, Tu igi qalia _ saxelmwifo

saswavlebelSi xSirad Tanamdebobas ver iRebs.

avtors qal-maswavlebelTa amgvari mdgomareoba sruliad gaumarTleblad

miaCnia, risTvisac sagulisxmo cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiT nakarnaxev faqt-ar-

guments iSveliebs: `qalebi... ufro mxneni, ufro moxerxebulni, ufro dauRalavni

arian, vidre, Cvenda samarcxvinod, Cven, mamakacni, varT~. ilia mdgomareobis ga-

mosworebis pirobad qal-maswavlebelTa Taosnobasa da TviTmoqmedebas miiC-

nevs, risTvisac friad gamorCeuli faqti mohyavs magaliTad: `aseTma yofam

qalis-maswavleblisam gamoiwvia CvenSi erTgvari sazogadoeba sakuTriv qal-

maswavlebelTa Semweobisa da xelSewyobisaTvis. sasiamovno es aris, rom es sa-

 – 96 –

zogadoeba Sesdga TviT qalebis TaosnobiT da mecadineobiT da 4-s ianvars, roca

damtkicebulis wesdebis ZaliT, pirveli kreba moxda am sazogadoebisa, sa-

zogadoeba moqmedebas Seudga, _ sazogadoebis mmarTvelad da gamgebelad sul

qalebi arian amorCeulni da swored amitom didi imedi gvaqvs, rom saqme keTi-

lad warimarTeba~ (63, 332).

statiaSi analizi obieqtur Semecnebasa da asaxvas emyareba. sinamdvilis

amsaxveli miukerZoebeli faqtebis yovelmxrivi ganxilva marto publicistis su-

bieqtur survils rodi eyrdnoba, misi pozicia progresuli sazogadoebrivi

ideis gamomxatvelia.

avtorebi publikaciaSi `umaRlesi ganaTlebis koncefciis zogierTi mimar-

Tulebis Sesaxeb~ (2) aqtualur sakiTxs ayeneben. Tezisi udavod WeSmaritia da

mkiTxvelis eWvs ar iwvevs _ umaRlesi ganaTlebis iseTi sistema unda Seiqmnas,

romelic moqnilad aubams mxars sazogadoebaSi mimdinare movlenebs, Semo-

qmedebiTad gamoexmaureba nebismier cvlilebas.

statiis Tezisi konkretulia da zusti. argumentebad moyvanilia:

_ amerikisa da inglisis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebis amsaxveli faqtebi

da cifrebi;

_ Cvens qveyanaSi ganaTlebis dargsa da sazogadoebas Soris arsebuli

Seusabamobis mizezebi: umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis inertuloba, materialur-

fuladi resursebis ukmarisoba, ganaTlebaze sazogadoebrivi moTxovnilebebis

araswori warmoCena;

_ umaRles saswavlebelsa da profesiul gaerTianebebs Soris kavSiris ma-

galiTad dasaxelebulia inglisis praqtika, romlis Tanaxmad, inJinerTa profe-

siuli gaerTianebebi uSualod monawileoben `momavali potenciuri wevrebis

aRzrdis dagegmvaSi~.

avtorebi ucxoeTis wamyvani qveynebis umaRlesi skolebis magaliTebTan Se-

pirispirebiT problemis gadaWris gzebs gvTavazoben:

_ umaRles saswavleblebSi miRebis mkveTrad Semcireba;

 – 97 –

_ dauswrebeli swavlebis upiratesoba;

_ masobriv profesiaTa 3-4 wliani ciklis SemoReba axalgazrda special-

istTaTvis;

_ umaRlesi skolis materialur-teqnikuri bazis ganmtkiceba, risTvisac mi-

zanSewonilad miaCniaT ara marto damatebiTi finansuri resursebis gamoZebna,

aramed im Tanxebis ufro gonivrulad xarjva, romelic ganaTlebis sistemas

erovnuli biujetidan gamoeyofa. am sakiTxis gadawyvetis universalur saSuale-

bad statiaSi fasiani swavlebis SemoRebaa dasaxelebuli.

principuli midgomis erT-erT SesaZlo formad miCneulia is organi-

zaciuli modeli, romelsac safuZveli saqarTvelos teqnikur universitetSi

eyreba: umaRlesi saswavleblis struqturaSi avtonomiuri saswavlo-samecniero

institutebis Seqmna, maTi damoukidebloba saswavlo procesis formirebaSi,

muSaobis efeqturobisa da prioritetebis Sefasebis sistemis SemuSaveba.

statiaSi moyvanili TiToeuli faqti realobis amsaxvelia da v. goroxovi-

seul `saRi azris~ faqtebis jgufs miekuTvneba.

statiis mizani _ dasabuTebis gziT mivideT daskvnamde, rac sazogadoebriv

interessac moicavs _ miRweulia. kerZod, rigi siaxleebis fonze umaRles sas-

wavlebelSi `strategiuli marTva centralizebuli rCeba, rac imis garkveuli

garantiaa, rom specialistebis momzadeba im mimarTulebebiT da xarisxiT iwar-

moebs, romelic ekonomikis ganviTarebis amocanebiT aris nakarnaxevi da ara

wuTieri koniunqturiT~.

avtorebi sakiTxs profesiuli TvalTaxedviT ganixilaven. publikaciis da-

majerebeli, logikuri msjelobis stiliT naTels hfenen problemis realur

mxares. isini sakiTxis gadasawyvetad konkretul gzas saxaven, risTvisac swori

sazogadoebrivi azris formirebaa aucilebeli.

publikaciaSi `megona, mefeo, Sen fxizlobdi~ (1) wamoweulia qarTuli si-

namdvilis mwvave Tema _ savaWro-samrewvelo kompaniebis, kerZo bankebis gakot-

reba-gaqcevis Semdeg aTasobiT meanabre motyuebuli da dazaralebuli darCa.

 – 98 –

statiis mTavari Tezisia _ mTavrobam droulad ar gamoiCina politikuri alRo

da ar gaakeTa Seqmnili situaciis kompetenturi analizi-prognozi; mTavrobis

politikuri pasuxismgebloba aucilebelia.

statiis idea dasabuTebulia Cveni qveynisa da ucxoeTis sazogadoebrivi

cxovrebis konkretuli magaliTebiT. erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos ministrTa kabine-

tis arasakmarisi qmedebis damadasturebeli faqtebi, xolo meore mxriv,

sazRvargareTis gamocdileba kotrobis, mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobis, meanab-

reTa da depozitorTa dacvis meqanizmis Sesaxeb. kerZod, aRebulia FDIC, bankebis

sadazRvevo kompania amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi. `bankebi, romlebic FDIC-Si

azRveven TavianT qonebas, ixdian pirvelad gadasaxads korporaciis sasarge-

blod, riTac asi aTasi dolariT avtomaturad dazRveulia yoveli depozitori.

1984-87 wlebSi amerikaSi gakotrda 130 banki, risTvisac FDIC-ma sadazRvevo kom-

pensaciis saxiT TiTqmis 7 miliardi dolari gadaixada~; `ruseTSi ukve Seiqmna

kotrobis federaluri saagento~ da sxv. avtorebi am faqtobriv argumentTa de-

monstrirebis gziT adastureben TavianT ZiriTad saTqmels _ WeSmaritebas, rac

publikaciis gamoqveynebis droisaTvis sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis bazas

warmoadgenda, xolo mTavrobisaTvis _ erTgvar rCeva-rekomendacias Semdgomi

praqtikuli nabijis gadasadgmelad.

statistikuri monacemebis efeqturi da gamiznuli gamoyeneba statiaSi dama-

jereblobis utyuari safuZvelia.

n. nikolaZe statiaSi `enebis swavleba Cvens sasuliero-saswavlo dawesebu-

lebebSi~ (34) metad aqtualur sakiTxs ayenebs. mas mizanSeuwonlad miaCnia

rusuli enis armcodne bavSvebisaTvis yvela sagnis maTTvis `gaugebar enaze~ mi-

wodeba. avtors rusuli enis arasaTanadod swavlebis dasasabuTeblad konkre-

tuli TvalsaCino monacemebi mohyavs.

`rusuli enis gakveTilebis raodenoba yovelkvireulad:

I. sasuliero saswavleblebSi: pirvel klasSi _ 1, meoreSi _ 3, mesameSi _ 3

da meoTxeSi _ 1.
 – 99 –

II. seminariebSi rusul enas sruliad ar aswavlian; mis magivrad swavloben

egreT wodebul sityvierebas, magram pirvel klasSi sityvierebis gakveTili 3-ia,

meoreSi _ aseve 3, xolo mesame, meoTxe, mexuTesa da meeqvseSi am sagans sruliad

ar aswavlian!~

am SemTxvevaSi realobis amsaxveli sinamdvilis avtoriseuli Sefaseba sta-

tistikuri masaliTaa damowmebuli, rac naTels hfens arasworad warmarTul

saswavlo process.

statistikis momarjveba ZiriTadad ekonomikisa da warmoebis sakiTxebze

msjelobisas xdeba. magaliTisaTvis, statiaSi `roca rkinac veRar uZlebs~ (27)

avtoris msjeloba saqarTvelos rkinigzis savalalo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb

mTlianad statistikas emyareba: ` ... 10%-mde daeca tvirTbrunva, Semcirda qvanax-

Siris (2358-dan 225 aTas tonamde), marganecis (4057-dan 578-mde), samSeneblo masa-

lebis (27889-dan 2097-mde) mopoveba da gadazidva. Semcirda agreTve saqarTvelos

farglebs garedan miRebuli tvirTebis moculoba (9936-dan 5155-mde) da sxv.~

kilometrebSi, tonebsa da maneTebSi gamosaxuli cifrobrivi monacemebi

sarwmuno argumentebia, ramac unda daafiqros mkiTxveli da is dainteresebuli

organizaciebi, romelTac konkretuli sakiTxebis drouli da operatiuli

gadaWra evalebaT.

dokumenturi masalis damowmeba statiaSi avtoris Canafiqris ganxorciele-

bas emsaxureba. Jurnalisti d. buxrikiZe marionetebis Teatris dassa da reJisor

r. gabriaZes Soris arsebul konfliqtze msjelobs publikaciaSi `patara mocar-

ti, patara salieri~ (9). sxva faqtobriv argumentTa Soris marionetebis Teatris

brZanebebia damowmebuli:

`1991 wlis noemberSi marionetebis TeatrSi iwereba brZaneba: 15.10.91 (#103).

`CaeSvas warmoebaSi revaz gabriaZis piesa `firosmani~. damdgmeli reJisori

r. gabriaZe. noembris Sua ricxvebisaTvis warmodgenil iqnas rolebis ga-

nawileba da mxatvruli eskizebi. gamoSvebis vada 1992 wlis dekemberi. r. gabri-

aZe~.
 – 100 –

Semdeg iwereba axali brZaneba:

25.10.91 (#106)

`CaeSvas warmoebaSi r. gabriaZis piesa `patara mocarti, patara salieri~.

damdgmeli reJisori r. gabriaZe. ianvris Sua ricxvebisaTvis warmodgenil iqnas

rolebis ganawileba da mxatvruli eskizebi. gamoSvebis vada 1992 wlis dekemberi.

r. gabriaZe~.

rogorc statiidan Cans, dokumentiT gaTvaliswinebuli arc erTi sakiTxi ar

Sesrulebula. maTze da sxva faqtebze dayrdnobiT Jurnalisti klasikur Teatra-

lur konfliqts afiqsirebs da gvTavazobs sakiTxis mogvarebis miseul models _

xelovnebisa da kulturis warmomadgenelTa Semadgenlobis komisias, romelic

SeZlebisdagvarad gadawyvets Teatrisa da samxatvro xelmZRvanelis uTanxmoe-

bas.

`saqwignis~ _ saqarTvelos wigniT vaWrobis sabiTumo-sacalo gaerTianebis

_ umZimesi mdgomareobis Sesaxebaa yuradReba gamaxvilebuli statiaSi `ebrZvian

`saqwigns~, anadgureben wigns~ (25).

Jurnalisti problemis simwvavis dasasabuTeblad ZiriTadad dokumentebs

eyrdnoba:

_ `Seqmnil rTul viTarebas Tan daerTo saqarTvelos respublikis mTav-

robis 1992 wlis 4 maisis dadgenileba~ vaWrobis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb~, romelic

xel-fexs uxsnida maRaziebs, SeuzRudavad evaWraT nebismieri saqonliT. aman zo-

gierTi wignis maRaziis saxecvlileba gamoiwvia da dadga realuri saSiSroeba,

rom male `saqwigni~ da saerTod, saqarTvelo wignis maRaziis gareSe darCe-

boda~.

_ `gavida kidev ramdenime Tve da, ministrTa kabinetis dumilis fonze, 1993

wlis 14 ivniss saxelmwifos meTaurma gamosca gankarguleba `saqarTvelos res-

publikis beWdviTi sityvis korporaciis materialur-teqnikuri bazis ganmtkice-

bis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~, romelSic ewera: `saqarTvelos ministrTa kabinetma

saqarTvelos respublikis poligrafiuli da sagamomcemlo saqmis korporacias

 – 101 –

balansidan balansze gadasces am korporaciis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi is sawar-

moebi da maRaziebi Sesabamisi farTobebiT, romlebic ganTavsebulni arian Tbi-

lisis meriis, xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebisa da sxva uwyebebis balan-

sze arsebul Senoba-nagebobebSi~.

rogorc statiidan irkveva, sakiTxis mosagvareblad arc aRniSnuli gadawy-

vetileba aRmoCnda sakmarisi da Jurnalisti mTliani suraTis daxatvis mizniT

morig dokuments iSveliebs:

_ `1994 wlis 31 oqtombers, rogorc iqna, galRva yinuli da ministrTa kabi-

netma miiRo dadgenileba: `Tbilisis meriam, respublikis mmarTvelobis adgilo-

brivma organizaciebma da sxva uwyebebma balansidan balansze sakuTrebaSi

gadascen wignis maRaziebsa da sxva Senobebs is farTobebi, romlebic `saqwigns~

hqonda sargeblobaSi~ da a. S.

statiis avtors zemodasaxelebuli dokumentebi sakiTxis gasaanalizeblad

da problemis aqtualobis warmosaCenad dasWirda. konkretul SemTxvevaSi moy-

vanili masala marTebuladaa gamoyenebuli, realur sabuTs warmoadgens da

Tezisad Camoyalibebul Jurnalistis mosazrebas adasturebs: `wigni da masze

zrunva amJamindel saqarTveloSi dRevandelobidan amovardnili WeSmaritebaa,

romelic Cvens miRma arsebobs. dadgeba Jami, roca igi TavisTavad gad-

moinacvalebs wina planze da pasuxsac mkacrad mogvTxovs...~

normatiul-RirebulebiT argumentebs dasabuTebis mTlian sistemaSi mniSvne-

lovani roli akisria. udavod gasaziarebelia mosazreba, rom isini `auditoria-

ze axdenen ara marto damarwmunebel, aramed STamagonebel zegavlenas~ (101, 101).

statiaSi `kbili kbilisa wil~ (28) Jurnalisti r. lorTqifaniZe aviTarebs

azrs, rom sikvdiliT dasjis kanonis gauqmeba mTlad marTebuli araa. argumen-

tad moxmobilia mkvlelobis iseTi Semzaravi cxovrebiseuli magaliTebi, rom-

lebic Zlier fsiqologiur zemoqmedebas axdens mkiTxvelze. avtors sazogadoeba

eWvs gareSe mihyavs im daskvnamde, rom SeuZlebelia damnaSaveTa garkveuli

kategoriis mimarT humanuri moraliT ixelmZRvanelo. aRniSnuli sakiTxis mi-

 – 102 –

marT mTeli rigi saxelmwifoebis araerTgvarovani damokidebulebis nimuSebia

damowmebuli. isini utyuar faqtobriv argumentebs warmoadgenen. miT ufro, rom

maT Sesaxeb respublikis iusticiis ministri saubrobs. amasTanave, vfiqrobT,

aranaklebad Rirebulia Jurnalistis pozicia:

pirveli _ `me rom mkiTxon, sikvdiliT dasjas yvela CamoTvlil dana-

Saulze gavauqmebdi, garda im danaSaulisa, romelic gansakuTrebuli sisastikiTa

da ZaladobiT ganzrax xelyofs adamianis sicocxles, ... Tundac imitom, rom is,

vinc winaswari ganzraxviT moqmedebs, Sedegic winaswar icis. radgan icis da mainc

sCadis _ avkacia. avkacebiT ki saxelmwifo ver aSendeba. samwuxarod, amgvarni Ti-

To-orola rodi arian da sazareli danaSaulebanic lamis erovnul ubedurebad

gveqces~.

meore _ ` ... rogorc moqalaqe da ori vaJis deda moralur-zneobrivi kri-

teriumebidan vambob: am etapze saqarTveloSi sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis

momxre ara var!~

orive magaliTi e. w. `Sida Sefasebis~ (145, 46) argumentis nimuSia, romliTac

avtori asaxvis obieqtisadmi Tavis damokidebulebas aSkarad gamoxatavs.

am argumentebs ormxrivi mniSvneloba aqvT: msjelobis procesSi isini kav-

Sirs amyareben daskvnebs Soris da amave dros mkiTxvelze socialur-fsiqolo-

giur zegavlenasac axdenen. adekvaturi sazogadoebrivi fsiqologiisa da ganwyo-

bis Camoyalibebas SesaZlebels swored maTi gamoyeneba xdis.

statiaSi `kolegebisa da sakuTari Tavis gasamxneveblad~ (3) avtori mwer-

lebisa da xelovnebis muSakTa materialuri siduxWiris sakiTxs ayenebs da aya-

libebs, rogorc TviTon miuTiTebs, `dauzustebel da sadavo~ azrs: `xelmokleo-

bas SeuZlia SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis sruli mokreba~. mas dRevandel qarTvel Se-

moqmedTa erTaderT nacad gzad swored es miaCnia; samarTlianadac Tvlis, rom

am gzaze arc siRaribe unda iyos TviTmizani da arc simdidre.

g. alxaziSvils aRniSnuli mosazrebis dasamtkiceblad mravali saintereso

argumenti mohyavs. statiis Sinagani gancdis gadmocemas amZafrebs paralelebi

 – 103 –

msoflio da qarTvel moRvaweTa cxovrebidan. magram, vfiqrobT, publikaciis

mravalmxriv argumentTa Soris yvelaze ufro sagulisxmo avtoris poziciis ga-

momxatveli mosazrebebia, rac statiis mTavar ideas yvelaze ufro STambeWdavad

asabuTebs:

_ `me ver gamovdgebi siRatikis apologetad, Tundac imitom, rom mjera, sa-

kuTari SesaZleblobis gamosavlenad, sulac araa aucilebeli maTxovruli

arseboba, magram mainc minda gavimeoro: ukiduresi gaWirveba umkacresi da daun-

dobeli stimulia SemoqmedisaTvis. Rrmad var darwmunebuli imaSic, rom xSirad,

Sewiruli Semoqmedni Tavisi nebiT irCevdnen im gzas, kargad yofnas rom

gamoricxavda da mcirediT `kmaroba~ erTgvari sulieri gansawmendeli da

mZlavri biZgi iyo miznis miRwevis procesSi~.

_ `vimeoreb: siduxWiris, metadre _ TviTgvemis, apologeti ara var.

TviTgvemaSi, radgan igi nebayoflobiTi aqtia, da, saerTod, msgavs qmedebaSi, me

vxedav sakuTar Tavze Sleguri Zaldatanebis gaumarTlebel mcdelobas, magram

arCeuli miznisaken mimavali gzis dawuneba an mowoneba _ moralistebis saqme

ufroa, vidre Cemi. Tumca, sakuTar sindisTan kompromisi, vfiqrob, damRupvelia

SemoqmedisaTvis~.

am argumentTa Rirsebas, ueWvelia, avtoris sakuTar TavSi darwmunebulobis

faqtoric ganapirobebs, rac mkiTxvelze saTanado zegavlenas axdens da mis Tana-

moazred xdis.

statiaSi argumentaciis sakiTxTa wreSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekuTvnis

mtkicebisa da axsna-ganmartebis (rogorc erT-erTi argumentis) mimarTebis sa-

kiTxs. orive dasabuTebis formaa, romelTac sxvadasxva mizani, obieqti da stru-

qtura axasiaTebs (133, 20).

xSir SemTxvevaSi publicisti ara marto asabuTebs WeSmaritebas, imavdrou-

lad uxsnis mkiTxvels sakiTxis, problemis arss. amdenad, Tu mtkiceba miznad isa-

xavs Tezisis WeSmaritebis dadgenas, axsna-ganmartebis daniSnuleba ufro far-

Toa. logikis eniT rom vTqvaT, axsna-ganmarteba gulisxmobs _ @ecnfyjdbnm

 – 104 –

ljcnjdthyjcnm ce;ltybq jnyjcbntkmyj rfrjuj-kb,j ytzcyjuj= pfgenfyyjuj ltkf bkb bvt.ob[ wtkm.

dspdfnm ,jktt zcyjt b jnxtnkbdjt ghtlcnfdktybt j ,jktt bkb vtytt bpdtcnyjv zdktybb@ (121=

403)\

statiaSi `pedagogiis safuZvlebi~ (64, 208-209) i. WavWavaZe ayalibebs mosaz-

rebas skolis ori ZiriTadi daniSnulebis Sesaxeb: ` ... skola erTsa da imave

dros unda swurTvnides kidec bavSvsa da aswavlides kidec. wurTvna da swavla

xelixels gadabmuli unda vidodes skolaSi~. imisaTvis, rom ufro TvalsaCino

gaxados skolis mniSvneloba, ilia mizanSewonilad miiCnevs ganmartos, Tu ras

warmoadgens swavla, sazogadod aRzrda:

`wurTvna sxvaa da swavla sxva. erTs erTi sagani aqvs da meores _ sxva.

wurTvna mimarTulia zne-xasiaTis zrdasa da ganviTarebaze da swavla ki _ gone-

bis gaxsnasa da msjelobis gaZlierebaze. sakmao ar aris, rom kaci mecnieri iyos,

didi swavla mieRos, bevri codna SeeZinos. amasTanave igi kai kacic unda iyos da

kai-kacobis SemZleblobac hqondes. es kai-kacoba da kai-kacobis SemZlebloba

marto zne-xasiaTisagan eZleva adamians. avi kaci ramodenadac mecnieria da di-

dad swavluli, imodenad ufro Zlier saSiSaria, ufro didad mavnebelia. es

yvelam icis da, gvgonia, bevrsac Tavis TvaliT unaxavs da gamoucdia. raT unda

iyos kaci avi, roca mxolod swavlulia da ara zne-xasiaT gawurTvnilica?

savseba erTob adamianisa imaSia, rom mis gonebis aRmatebulebas Sewonil

hqondes aRmatebuleba zne-xasiaTisaca. saWiroa zne gawmendili da gafaqizebuli

hqondes patiosnebiTa, namusianobiTa, kacTmoyvareobiTa da samarTlianobis grZ-

nobiTa. uimisod misi msjeloba da yofaqceva erTmaneTs gadudgeba, erTmaneTs ar

SeeTanxmeba, misi azri sxva iqneba da yofaqceva sxva, goneba erTs etyvis da guli

sxvas aqmnevinebs. uzneoba, uxasiaTobac es aris da am uzneobiTa da uxasiaTobiT

aris avi zneuwvrTneli swavluli kaci~.

x. maisaSvilis statia `iracionaluri biujeti irealuri sivrcisaTvis~ (29)

SemecnebiTi xasiaTis publikaciaa. mTavari Tezisi asea Camoyalibebuli: `saqarT-

velos biujeti veRar asrulebs ekonomikuri politikis instrumentis funqcias,

 – 105 –

magram mas mainc hqvia biujeti“. Jurnalisti gvixsnis, Tu ras warmoadgens udefi-

cito biujeti: `udeficito biujetis cneba, ufro sworad ki biujetis udeficito-

bis moTxovna, or arsebiT moments ukavSirdeba: socialisturi, komunisturi biu-

jeti, rogorc ideologiuri iaraRi, roca Semosavlebisa da gasavlebis balansi

qaRaldzea daculi, da biujeti _ rogorc miznobrivi, rogorc miswrafeba,

rogorc gadasvla realobis biujetis Seqmnisaken... meoTxe kvartaluri biujetis

agebisas maxvili Semosavlebze daisva. moxda xarjebis miznobrivi Sekveca, rac

sakmaod gavrcelebuli meTodia msoflio ekonomikur praqtikaSi, magram

sainteresoa biujetSi mzardi Semosavlebis molodinisas ra meqanizmze amyarebda

imedebs saxelmwifo? ra iZleoda optimizmis safuZvels pirobebSi, roca qveyanas

ar gaaCnia erTiani sagadasaxado politika, Tundac koncefciis doneze. arsebuli

sagadasaxado institutebi, umTavresad sagadasaxado inspeqciis saxiT, ver uzrun-

velyofs imis akrefasac ki, rac ekuTvnis saxelmwifos da bolos _ sameurneo

saqmianobis didi nawili sabiujeto da sabanko sistemebis kontrols ar eqvemde-

bareba~. aRniSnuli axsna-ganmartebis moxmoba Jurnalisturi ostatobis xerxad

SeiZleba miviCnioT. igi warmoadgens ZiriTad arguments, romelic specifikuri

sakiTxis mniSvnelobis garkvevaSi gvexmareba.

statiaSi `fulad-sakredito `malaria“ (79) Camoyalibebulia mosazreba, rom

`iafi fulis“ politikas `bevri ekonomisti da saxelmwifo moRvawe miiCnevda

krizisidan gamosvlis efeqtur saSualebad“.

avtori gvTavazobs ganmartebas: `iafi fuli“ niSnavs iaf kredits, anu banke-

bis mier SedarebiT dabali saprocento ganakveTiT gacemul sesxs; aseT politi-

kas axorcieleben centraluri bankebi. igi sakredito politikuri nairsaxeobaa,

rac miznad isaxavs kreditis sferos gafarToebas saprocento ganakveTis Segne-

bulad SemcirebiT, dabalprocentian kreditebs bankebi gascemen upiratesad maT-

Tan dakavSirebul msxvil sawarmoebze, romlebic erToblivad qveynis ekonomi-

kur siZlieres ganasaxiereben. SeRavaTiani krediti uzrunvelyofs am sawarmoTa

konkurentunarianobis amaRlebas da qveynis sameurneo cxovrebaSi maTi pozicie-

 – 106 –

bis ufro ganmtkicebas. amrigad, `iafi fulis“ politikis azri is aris, rom

kreditis gaiafeba saboloo angariSiT xels unda uwyobdes qveynis ekonomikuri

potencialis zrdas. garda amisa, `iafi fulis“ politika xels uwyobs rogorc

kerZo kompaniebis aqciebisa da obligaciebis, ise saxelmwifo fasiani qaRalde-

bis kursis awevas, radgan procentis donis klebis Sesabamisad izrdeba fasiani

qaRaldebis kursi“...

j. xubulurs es vrceli gansazRvreba upirvelesad imisaTvis sWirdeba, rom

mkiTxveli specifikur sakiTxSi gaarkvios. amasTan saqarTvelos pirobebSi `iafi

fulis“ krizisidan gamosvlis efeqtur saSualebad miCnevis usafuZvloba

daasabuTos. amavdroulad, es ganmarteba wonadi, logikuri argumentis Zalas

iZens avtoris _ dargis specialistis _ poziciis gasamyarebladac: `iafi fuli“...

droebiTi da amasTan iZulebiTi formaa da ... xangrZlivad gamoyenebas se-

riozuli uaryofiTi Sedegebis garda, raime mniSvnelovani sikeTis motana ar

SeuZlia“.

publicistebi azris an ideis gansamtkiceblad xSirad citirebas iyeneben. igi

avtoris konkretuli mosazrebis, politikuri poziciis aucilebel elementad

gvevlineba. citirebuli teqsti organuladaa dakavSirebuli SefasebasTan, Jurna-

listis ganzraxvasTan. statiaSi "VITA NUOVE?" (15) avtors mohyavs citata: `len-

inis ruseTSi erTaderTi xelisuflebaa: misi xelisufleba; erTaderTi Tavisuf-

leba: misi Tavisufleba; iq erTaderTi azria: misi azri da erTaderTi kanoni: mi-

si kanoni“. es Sexeduleba originalobiT ar gamoirCeva, radgan msgavsi azri le-

ninis xelisuflebaze sxvebsac aqvT gamoTqmuli. vfiqrobT, statiis avtors b. mu-

solinis avtoritetis moSvelieba aRniSnuli citatiT am SemTxvevaSi sakuTari

mosazrebis gasamyareblad dasWirda.

akaki wereTeli Teatris problemebze saubrisas napoleonis sityvebs imow-

mebs: `napoleonma hkiTxa erTxel erTs miss sardalTagans: omSi ratom ar miiRe

monawileobao? da sardalmac upasuxa: samas samocda xuTi mizezi mqondao. pirve-

li is, rom tyvia-wamali Semomakldao... aq napoleonma gaawyvetina sityva sar-

 – 107 –

dals: eg erTic kmara! sxvebis CamoTvla raRa saWiroao?... amisi ar iyos, is dabr-

kolebani, TeatrSi rom damixvden, misTanebi iyvnen, rom TviToeuli maTganic

sakmarisia sabuTad! magram me kidev mainc movixsenieb zogierTs“... (57, 390).

akakim, istoriuli pirovnebis avtoritetis moSveliebiT, frangi sardlis

umoqmedobis mizezebsa da qarTuli Teatris umZimesi pirobebis gamomwvev faqto-

rebs Soris paraleli miznobrivad gamoiyena, riTac globalurad warmoaCina

TiToeulis gadamwyveti roli qarTuli Teatris dakninebis saqmeSi.

statiaSi `nuTu“ xsna sizmaria“? kargi saqme ar unda daiRupos“ (13) avtori

gamoTqvams azrs, rom dRevandeli mdgomareoba _ xelgawvdili dgoma da

ucxoelebisaTvis vedreba: gviSveleT, Torem daviRupebiTo, _ miuRebelia qarT-

veli kacisaTvis. Tezisis dasasabuTeblad moxmobila ilias sityvebi: `sxvisi

imedis mqonebeli glaxaa, maTxovaria, da glaxa _ maTxovrobiT cxovreba

pirveli, rom saTakiloa da meore _ arc SemZlebelia... sazianoa, rodesac mTeli

sazogadoeba amisTana seniT aris dasneulebuli. aseTi sazogadoeba ar cdilobs,

TviTon Tavis Taosnobasa da mxneobaSi moipovos Rone xsnisa, aramed zrunavs

samadlod xeli visme gamoawvdevinos saSvelad... amisTana sakuTari sulmok-

leoba, marto sxvis sulgrZelobaze damyarebuli kargs arafers moaswavebs,

piriqiT gaaTaxsirebs, moadunebs, moakvdens TviTarsebobis Zal-Rones“.

gonivruli azri moxdeniladaa morgebuli avtoris moqalaqeobriv mrwamss

_ aseTi yofa WeSmaritad miuRebelia. qarTvelebi `mSromelebi varT: oRond sa-

Wiroa am SromaSi xelis Sewyoba, Sromis dafaseba, Sromis Sesaferisi

anazRaureba“.

statiaSi `matareblebi samoTxidan samoTxeSi ar dadian, anu ramdenime mo-

sazreba arsebul realobaze“ (39) avtori sakuTar Tvalsazriss ayalibebs dRe-

vandel mdgomareobaze, amasTanave aanalizebs warsuls. Camoyalibebuli de-

bulebis _ sabWoTa qveyana `warmoadgenda saxelmwifos sakmaod Zlieri eko-

nomikiT, uzarmazari samxedro teqnikiT, kosmosuri sivrcis dapyrobis gzaze

 – 108 –

pirveli uprecedento gamarjvebiT“ _ gasamyareblad sabWoTa kavSirisadmi

msoflios cnobil sazogado moRvaweTa pozitiuri damokidebulebaa moyvanili:

anatol fransi: `ruseTi is qveyanaa, sadac SeuZlebelic ki SesaZlebeli xde-

ba, bolSevikebi axla am SeuZlebels bolomde axorcieleben“.

bernard Sou: `mTeli Cemi politikuri moRvaweobis manZilze vqadagebdi

socializms da ai, aRmoCnda qveyana, romelmac igi Tavisi politikuri sistemis

safuZvlad gadaaqcia“.

romen rolani: `Tqven, sabWoTa adamianebma aswieT is CiraRdani, romelic

xelidan gagvivarda“.

heminguei: `yvela, visac Tavisufleba uyvars, did valSia wiTeli armiis wi-

naSe“.

hainrix mani, Carli Caplini, Teodor draizeri, stefan cvaigi _ ai, arasru-

li nusxa msoflioSi saxelmoxveWili adamianebisa, romlebic sabWoTa kavSiris

dadebiT momentebs xedavdnen da afasebdnen“.

cnobil pirovnebaTa Sefasebis tolfasi gamonaTqvamebi statiaSi safuZvlian

argumentebad gvevlineba, rac avtors Semdegi daskvnis Camoyalibebis saSualebas

aZlevs: `sabWoTa kavSiri es aramxolod arasamarTlebrivi qveyana iyo, sadac

cxovreba mxolod disidentis rolSi SeiZleboda, aramed obieqturi realobiT

Seqmnili saxelmwifo, romlis SenebaSic sazogadoebis udidesi nawili didi en-

TuziazmiT monawileobda“...

statiaSi calkeul SemTxvevaSi argumentaciis saSualebad gamoyenebulia is-

toriuli eqskursi.

avtorebi publikacicaSi `kavkasiuri samSvidobo wre: retrospeqtiva da

perspeqtiva“ (23) aviTareben azrs: urTules pirobebSi saqarTvelos diplo-

matiis winaSe mTeli simwvaviT dadga mravalaspeqtian problemaTa mTeli rigi _

mezobel saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobisa da TanamSromlobis formebisa da me-

Todebis Zieba, diplomatiuri modelis SemuSaveba saerTaSoriso samarTlis

principebis Sesabamisad. Tezisis gasamagreblad moyvanilia utyuari faqtobrivi

 – 109 –

argumenti: `Camoyalibda `mSvidobiani kavkasiis“ idea, romelic Tavisi arsiT,

miznebiTa da unificirebuli formiT qarTuli diplomatiis memkvidreobiTobis

permanentuli procesis gagrZelebas warmoadgens“. amasTanave, miznobrivadaa ga-

moyenebuli saqarTvelos regionalur-kavkasiuri politikis istoriuli magali-

Tebi. am publicisturi xerxis meSveobiT avtorebi Seecadnen, igi dRevandeli

cxovrebisaTvis ise daekavSirebinaT, rom mkiTxvelma igrZnos _ saqme exeba ara

marto gardasul droTa ambebs, aramed istoriis gakveTilebs, romelTa gaTval-

iswinebis gareSe gaZneldeba dRevandelobis gageba da aRqma.

g. TvalavaZe statiaSi `saWiroa Tu ara rusis jari saqarTveloSi?“ (18) sa-

zogadoebriv-politikuri mniSvnelobis aqtualur sakiTxs ayenebs. avtori

ruseTTan urTierTobis gansazRvris mizniT saqarTvelos istoriis erT epizods

ixsenebs: `rogor unda dagvaviwydes qarTvelTa saTayvano mefis daviT aRmaSe-

neblis nabiji, romelmac 1118 wels qarTvelTa jaris gasaZliereblad 40000

yivCaRuri ojaxi Crdilo kavkasiidan saqarTveloSi gadmoiyvana da 200000 kaci,

Tumca mokavSire, magram mainc ucxo jiSisa, qarTlSi Caasaxla. es gadawyvetileba

rom swori gamodga saqarTvelos gadarCenisaTvis Semdgom warmoebulma

brZolebma daamtkica“. am faqts, rogorc teqstSi moyvanil sxva argmuntebs, didi

fsiqologiuri da ideologiuri datvirTva gaaCnia. igi gansazRvravs avtoris

Tvalsazriss _ `araviTari demografiuli saSiSroeba ramdenime aTasi rusi

samxedro specialistisa da maTi ojaxebis saqarTveloSi darCeniT ar gvemu-

qreba“. g. TvalavaZe Tanmimdevrulad gvisabuTebs sakuTari mosazrebis WeS-

maritebas _ jerjerobiT saWiroa rusis jari saqarTveloSi. mxolod `Tu

saqarTvelo SeZlebs Tavisi samxedro da ekonomikuri potencialis mowinave

qveynebis doneze ayvanas, amis Semdgom SeiZleba vilaparakoT saqarTvelodan

rusis jarebis kontigentis molaparakebis gziT gayvanaze. es yovelive unda

moxdes SemWidrovebul vadebSi, maqsimum 5-6 weliwadSi“. aseTi daskvna, bune-

brivia, statiis mizans TvalsaCinos xdis da dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxs iZleva.

 – 110 –

istoriuli faqti aseve damajerebeli da mravlismetyveli argumentia

statiaSi `ganaTlebis gadarCena _ qveynis gadarCenaa“ (38). umaRlesi skolis

krizisis mizezi dargis arasakmarisi dafinansebacaa. publikaciis avtori sa-

kiTxis mniSvnelobis xazgasmisa da sakuTari poziciis gamJRavnebis mizniT Cveni

qveynis istoriis erT friad sagulisxmo moments ixsenebs: `1920 wels damoukide-

beli saqarTvelos pirobebSi, rodesac qveyanas uWirda, saxalxo meurneoba

moSlili iyo da qveyana blokadaSi imyofeboda; im dros, roca damoukidebeli

saqarTvelo pirvel nabijebs dgamda, TbilisSi ganaTlebis muSakTa saSualo

Tviuri xelfasi 4710 maneTs Seadgenda, xolo wesrigis dacvis muSakisa _ 3080,

samkurnalo-sanitaruli saqmis specialistisa _ 4140, teqnikuri personalisa _

4060 da a. S.“

prof. n. tabiZem publicisturi ostatobis erT-erTi kriteriumi ilia WavWa-

vaZis publicistikis Seswavlis safuZvelze ase Camoiyaliba: `iliasaTvis Tavi-

daTavia realur monacemebze dayrdnobili logikuri msjeloba. sasurveli

Tvalsazisis gamJRavneba unda moxdes emociurad, STambeWdavad, winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxvelis mimxroba gaWirdeba da SeiZleba mizanic ganuxorciele-

beli darCes. aucilebelia darwmunebis saSualebTa farTo speqtri“ (43, 17).

migvaCnia, rom am moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswineba dRes gansakuTrebiT aqtua-

luria. grZnobebisa da emociebis marTva aucilebeli faqtoria Jurnalistis

saboloo miznis misaRwevad, radgan @ybxnj\\\ yt dshf;f.n nfr zcyj b dthyj yfc cfvb[

b yfib jnyjitybz r vbhe= rfr yfib xedcndjdfybz| d yb[ cksity [fhfrnth yt jnltkmyjq vsckb= yt

jnltkmyjuj htitybz= f dctuj cjlth;fybz leib yfitq b tt cnhjz@ (152= 117-118)\ `sulis

mTliani Sinaarsis“ emociuri damuxtva swored publicisturi ostatobis xerxe-

biT unda moxdes _ argumentaciis formebi avtoris poziciis gasamyareblad unda

iqnas mimarTuli.

am mxriv statiaSi dafiqsirebulia fsiqologiuri daskvnis sxvadasxva

forma, rogorc argumentaciis erTgvari saxeoba. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi mosazrebis dasamtkiceblad statiaSi `Tamar me-

 – 111 –

fis qoSebi“ (41) m. sturua mimarTavs Sedarebas: birmel qalebs uCveulod maRali

yeli aqvT imis gamo, rom bavSvobidanve yelze rgolebs acmeven. rodesac maT

rgolebi CamoaSores, aRmoCnda, rom kisrebma ver aitanes Tavisufleba da Tavs

veRar imagrebdnen. publicistis azriT, ase daemarTa saqarTvelosac _ sabWoTa

totalitarizmis `rgolebidan“ ganTavisuflebulma veRar Seimagra Tavi da

TiTqmis katastrofis winaSe aRmoCnda. es asociaciuri Sedareba SeiZleba gan-

vixiloT publicisturi ostatobis xerxad _ moxdenil argumentad, romelic ga-

moxatavs avtoris Canafiqrs, srulfasovnad warmoaCinos problemis simwvave.

publicisturi argumentaciis Tavisebureba faqtobrivi da RirebulebiTi

(logikuri da alogikuri) argumentebis erTianobaSi mdgomareobs. mtkicebis sa-

fuZveli ara marto dokumenturi faqti da mecnieruli kanonia, aramed Jurnal-

istis politikuri mrwamsi, ideologiuri postulati.

statiaSi `damarcxeba danaSaulia“ (46) mTavari idea Camoyalibebulia Sem-

degnairad: `awmyos amocana warsulis waSlaSi an miCqmalvaSi ki ar mdgo-

mareobs, aramed istoriis gakveTilebis aTvisebaSi, e. i. ar unda waSalo, aramed

Seiswavlo da misi analizidan dasaxo samomavlo programa“.

avtori mTavari Tezisis dasasabuTeblad istoriul movlenebs kompleqsu-

rad ganixilavs. l. tuxaSvili argumentTa nairsaxeobas mimarTavs:

1. istoriuli faqtebi (`napoleon I-ma mospo anarqia, oRond erovnuli kon-

solidaciac msoflio imperiis Sesaqmnelad gamoiyena“, `inglisis didi saxelova-

ni 1688 wlis revoluciis dros moxda kromvelis winandeli da kromvelis

droindeli saukeTeso tradiciebis Serwyma“ da sxv.).

2. istoriuli kanonzomiereba (`movlenis WeSmariti ganWvreta xdeba Sedegi-

dan, Sedegi anu nayofi TavisTavad raimes produqtia, yvelaze utyuari ganmsazRv-

reli TviT am nayofis mSobeli procesebia“, `istorias mkacri kanoni aqvs:

damarcxeba danaSaulia“).

3. ganmarteba (`saerTo saxalxo revolucia niSnavs swored mosaxleobis

umravlesobis interesebis dacvas“).

 – 112 –

4. mxatvruli Sedareba (`mrgvali magida“ daemsgavsa prosper merimes `ta-

mangos“. albaT, gaxsovT, ajanyebulma monebma zRvaSi gadayares maTi dammone-

beli evropuli ekipaJi... da SerCnen aRelvebul okeanes beladis unaris amara.

beladmac uceb gadaatriala gemis saWe da Sedegic naTelia _ damsxvreuli saWe,

aRelvebuli okeane, erTianad dalewili anZebic da Tavisuflebis imedebic“; unda

Candes texili 1992 wlis 6 ianvris `iqiT“ da `aqeT“ procesebs Soris. albaT, gi-

naxavT, rogorc asaxavs folklori `jadoqris damarcxebas“: gaqvavebuli ada-

mianebi cocxldebian, frinvelebi iwyeben galobas da a. S. ai, Tu yvelaferi es, an

raRac amis msgavsi igrZno mosaxleobam, maSin igi erTianad da erTbaSad dai-

jerebs, rom daiwyo demokratiis zeimi“).

5. sakuTari pozicia warmodgenili Semfasebluri argumentis saxiT (`ar ve-

Tanxmebi im `kritikosebs“, romelTac mTlianad gadausves xazi uzenaes sabWos“,

Cemi azriT, es _ 1990 wlis 11 noembridan 1992 wlis 5 ianvramde _ iyo ganuxorcie-

lebeli diqtaturisken warmarTuli avtoritaruli xelisufleba, romelic emya-

reboda `pirveli kacis“ Jinianobas absoluturi umravlesobis indiferentizmis

pirobebSi“, `droebiTi mTavroba, Cemi azriT, cotas Cqarobs. me meSinia, rom ar

aCqardes is gansakuTrebiT axali arCevnebis TariRis daniSvnaSi“ da sxv.).

publikaciaSi dasabuTebis Tavisebureba mravali faqtis urTierTmimarTeba-

Si mJRavndeba. statiis Tezisis gasaazreblad sxvadasxva tipis argumentTa `aR-

reva“ araTu SesaZlebelia, aucilebelic ki gaxda, radgan swored sinamdvilis

movlenebis uSualo aRqmis Sedegs SeuZlia sasurveli zegavlena moaxdinos

mkiTxvelTa farTo auditoriaze (101, 99).

aRniSnuli xerxebis gamoyenebiT avtori axorcielebs Tavis Canafiqrs _

aanalizebs warsuls, gvTavazobs movlenaTa miseul kvalifikacias, Tumca isini

mkiTxvelTa farTo da araerTgvarovanma auditoriam bolomde SeiZleba ar

gaiziaros.

rogorc fsiqologebi aRniSnaven, adamianis moqmedebis WeSmariti mamoZra-

veblebi `emociebi-impulsebia“, xolo wamaqezebeli emociebi pirdapir asaxavs

 – 113 –

`reaqciis xarisxs“ _ biologiur da sazogadoebriv moTxovnilebaTa xasiaTs.

imisaTvis rom yoveli moTxovnileba Semoqmedebis (moqmedebis) mamoZravebel

Zalad iqces, garkveuli Semagulianebeli gancdis Sesatyvisi motivis forma unda

miiRos (139, 102-103).

swored aseTi ganwyobis gamomwvevi unda iyos yoveli Tezisis damadasture-

beli argumenti statiaSi da mxolod maSin iqneba miRweuli publikaciis mizani.

mkiTxveli unda wavaqezoT praqtikuli saqmeebisaken, misi goneba mivmarToT

konkretuli sazogadoebrivi problemisaken mis gadaWraSi sakuTari rolis gan-

sazRvris mizniT.

statiis idea cxovrebidan ibadeba. Jurnalistis unari _ daakvirdes,

ifiqros, Seupirispiros _ gansazRvravs Temas. Tezisis margi qmedebis koefi-

cients, rasakvirvelia, argumentacia ganapirobebs, magram gasaTvaliswinebelia

is garemoeba, Tu visgan modis argumenti, vin gvTavazobs mas, rogoria Jurnal-

istis kompetenturobisa da gulwrfelobis (101, 101), avtoriseuli `mes“ gamov-

lenis xarisxi. amdenad, Jurnalistis profesiuli ostatoba misi moRvaweobis

zneobriv principebs unda Seexamos.

n. xaraziSvili statiaSi `buterbrodebi `usnikersod“ darCenilTaTvis“ (76)

ayalibebs Teziss _ mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis mxridan arasaTanado yuradRe-

bisa da upasuxismgeblobis gamo mozardebi maTxovroben, mawanwaloben, potenci-

uri damnaSveebi xdebian. publicisturi nawarmoebis idea _ Jurnalistis pozicia

sworia, aqtualuria. mas safuZvlad udevs sagnis Rrma codna sazogadoebis gan-

viTarebis saWirboroto problemis TvalTaxedviT. publikaciaSi aseve arse-

biTia `argumentaciis logikuri da fsiqologiuri aspeqtebis erTianoba“ (114).

Jurnalisti Tezisis dasamtkiceblad dasabuTebis mTel kompleqss iSve-

liebs:

1) cxovrebidan aRebuli konkretuli magaliTebi, oficialuri cnobebi

(`dRes saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi daaxloebiT milionnaxevari bavSvidan arcTu

ise cota, faqtiurad quCis qomagobasaa mindobili“, `dRes saqarTveloSi TiTqmis

 – 114 –

ar fiqsirdeba danaSaulis saxeoba.., romelSic mozardi damnaSave ar iyos mxile-

buli da msjavrdebuli“).

2) dokumentebi (`saqarTvelos prezidentis 1996 wlis 1 Tebervlis #142

brZanebuleba; q. Tbilisis municipalitetis kabinetis 1995 wlis 21 seqtembris

brZaneba).

3) epizodi mxatvruli nawarmoebidan (don-kixotis dabeCavebuli patara

mwyemsisadmi gamoqomagebis ambavi).

4) religiuri Segoneba (`SewyviteT borotis qmna, sikeTis qmna iswavleT,

eZieT samarTali, SeewieT Cagruls, ganikiTxeT oboli“ _ isaia winaswarmety-

veli).

TiToeuli maTganis moxmoba statiis teqstSi aucileblobiTaa ganpirobebu-

li da maTi daniSnuleba miznobrivadaa gamoyenebuli. mag., mozardTa SromiTi

dasaqmebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sruliad gamarTlebulia saxelmwifos prezi-

dentis brZanebulebis Sesabamisi punqtis moxmoba, romelic iTvaliswinebs aras-

rulwlovanTa, gansakuTrebiT ki umeTvalyureod darCenil mozardTa, dasaqme-

bisa da SromiTi mowyobis saxelmwifo programis SemuSavebas.

zemoCamoTvlil argumentTa organuli urTierTkavSiri msjelobis damaje-

reblobas gansazRvravs, xolo statiis fsiqologiur daskvnas didi emociuri da-

tvirTva akisria: `bavSvebs unda miveSveloT. saqarTvelos momavals gadarCena

sWirdeba. es realobaa da ara guSindeli paTetikuri lozungi. ai, upirveles

yovlisa, ra unda davijeroT xelmokleebmac da SeZlebulebmac imitom, rom ar

arsebobs ufro didi sasjeli qveynisTvis, vidre mis mZime socialur garemos

Sewiruli znekeTili adamianebia. bavSvi, ki yvelas cnobierebaSi, rac ar unda

mZime pirobebSi cxovrobdes is, sikeTesa da sinaTlesTan asocirdeba. Tundac

imitom, rom zogjer mainc SeuZlia adamianTa gautanlobiT Sesxmuli talaxi

mxolod `snikersis“ mirTmevis bednierebiT erTbaSad Camoirecxos“.

publikaciis problematika TavisTavad sazogadoebrivi JReradobisaa, mag-

ram, amave dros, sakiTxebis dasmisa da gadaWris mxriv subieqtur mniSvnelobas

 – 115 –

iZens. nawarmoebis Sinaarsi mkiTxvelTa aRqmis kanonzomierebas mniSvnelovnad

gansazRvravs. publikaciis aRqmis maRal koeficients garkveulwilad subieqturi

momenti an mkiTxvelTa mier gadatanil emociaTa asocireba ganapirobebs. amas-

Tan, es ukanaskneli ganisazRvreba imiTac, Tu rogoraa asaxuli sinamdvile

teqstSi da ra emociebia daprogramebuli (101, 103).

gancdil grZnobaTa asociacia ganxilul statiaSi sinamdvilis realurad

asaxviTaa gansazRvruli. problema dasuraTebulia obieqturad, daprogramebu-

lia adamianur grZnobaTa Soris erT-erTi upirvelesi, rasac Jurnalistika

iyenebs _ `altruistuli emocia (sxvaze zrunvis moTxovnileba)“ (101, 103).

statiis avtoris sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi gvinda gamovyoT erTi aspeqti _ av-

tori _ dargis specialisti. profesionalis mier wamoyenebuli argumenti ufro

met damajereblobas iZens da mkiTxvelisTvisac ufro misaRebi da gasaziarebe-

lia. sailustraciod, statiaSi `uferxorco aCrdili“ (10) Tezisad Camoyalibe-

bulia politikur ZalTa erTi nawilis gamokveTili pozicia: prokuratura _

rogorc aRmasrulebeli, sasamarTlo xelisuflebisagan damoukidebeli da ka-

nonierebaze zedamxedvelobis universaluri organo _ zedmetadaa miCneuli.

am mosazrebis aramarTebulobis dasamtkiceblad avtori wonad faqtobriv

arguments gvTavazobs: `yofil ssr kavSiris saxelmwifoTagan ukrainam, uz-

bekeTma, yazaxeTma, litvam, axali kanonmdeblobiT prokuraturas araTu Seunar-

Cunes ssrk prokuraturis Sesaxeb 1979 wlis kanoniT miniWebuli ZiriTadi fun-

qciebi, aramed gaufarToes kidec uflebamosilebaTa farglebi“, rasac konkre-

tuli magaliTebi mohyveba. i. gabisonia sakuTari poziciis gasamyareblad post-

socialisturi evropuli qveynebis _ poloneTisa da ungreTis gamocdilebasac

iSveliebs. faqtobrivi masalis miznobrivi gamoyenebis gziT igi akeTebs daskvnas,

rom `saqarTvelos axali konstituciis proeqtebSi... prokuratura uferxoco

aCrdiladRa gamoiyureba... aJRerdeba reqviemic, romelic... mauwyebeli simbolo

iqneba... saqarTveloSi kanonierebis reJimis da aqedan gamomdinare, normaluri

saxelmwifos aSenebis ideis da xalxis imedebis didi xniT dasamarebisa!“ gasa-

 – 116 –

ziarebeli mosazrebaa, miT ufro, rom misi avtori respublikis prokuraturis

saerTo zedamxedvelobis sammarTvelos ufrosi prokurori, iusticiis ufrosi

mrCeveli, administraciuli samarTlis reformis saxelmwifo komisiis wevria.

statiis `ra stkiva Tergs da darials?“ (12) avtori g. gavardaSvili teqnikis

mecnierebaTa doqtoria. igi publikaciaSi ayalibebs debulebas: `Cven vera da

ver viswavleT bunebasTan harmoniaSi cxovreba, anu Cveni mTis ekosistemebis

gafrTxileba“. am Tezisis dasasabuTeblad avtors argumentad sakuTari cxovre-

biseuli gamocdileba mohyavs: `saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wyalTa

meurneobisa da sainJinro ekologiis institutSi Cemi 16-wliani muSaoba, praqti-

kuli dakvirvebebi da mokvleulis analizi maZlevs imis Tqmis uflebas, rom am

mxriv saqarTveloSi saqme saxarbielod ver aris, ufro zustad _ cudad aris...

magram sjobs, faqtebi `valaparako“. iqneb maT mainc mogvaxedon (saqmiT) ekolo-

giuri wonasworobis aRdgenis aucileblobisaken“. ekokrizisis mdgomareobis

ganzogadebas profesiuli TvalTaxedviT Sefasebuli faqtebi mosdevs da fotoe-

bic Tan axlavs.

avtors magaliTad mohyavs darialisa da aragvis xeobis gavliT gazsadenis

axali magistrali. igi aRniSnavs, rom gazsadenis trasis mSeneblobis uzrunvel-

sayofad gaiWra saavtomobilo gza, xolo mSeneblobis damTavrebis Semdeg mTis

ferdobs napirsamagri samuSaoebi ar Catarebia. Seqmnili situaciis gaanalizebiT

daskvna aseTia: `ase rom, amJamad mTis ferdobis im adgilebSi, sadac gaedineba

gazsadenis axali magistrali, mdgomareoba sagangaSoa, radgan ukve gaaqtiure-

bulia eroziul-mewyruli procesebi, rac Rvarcofebis Camoyalibebis utyuari

winapirobaa da, Tu droze ar CavatarebT mTis ferdobebis napirsamagr samuSa-

oebs, mere gvian iqneba“. migvaCnia, rom dargis specialistis kompetenturi mo-

sazreba ara marto Sexsenebaa mosalodneli katastrofis Sesaxeb, aramed

dainteresebuli organizaciebisadmi praqtikuli RonisZiebebis gatarebis au-

cilebeli moTxovnacaa, rac statias gansakuTrebul sazogadoebriv mniSvnelobas

aniWebs.
 – 117 –

gazeT `literaturul saqarTveloSi“ (30) mozardTa danaSaulis problema

samedicino aspeqtiTaa ganxiluli _ gansazRvrulia fsiqikuri anomaliis roli

arasrulwlovanTa agresiuli qcevisa da danaSaulis formirebaSi. statiaSi da-

saxelebuli polimorfuli Sinaarsis mtkicebaTa erToblioba (statistikuri

monacemebi, avtoritetTa mosazrebebi, axsna-ganmarteba, arasrulwlovanTa anti-

sazogadoebrivi qcevisa da danaSaulis qmedebis mizezebi) damajereblobis gan-

wyobas uqmnis mkiTxvels. statiisadmi sagangebo ndobis ganmapirobebeli

faqtori TviT avtoris vinaobaa _ medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori,

ekologiis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi.

mtkicebis sistemaSi aranaklebi mniSvneloba aqvs debulebis, Tezisis uaryo-

fas. amis magaliTebi statiaSi uxvad moipoveba. nimuSad, publikaciaSi `saqarTve-

lo aWaridan iwyeba“... (7) g. boloTaSvili ZiriTad Teziss ayenebs: `grZeldeba

propagandistuli omi aWaris winaaRmdeg“. mas qveTezisad mohyavs zogierTi qar-

Tuli gazeTis mosazreba: `a. abaSiZis saqmianoba am xuTi wlis manZilze friad sa-

xifaToa erTiani qarTuli cnobierebisaTvis“ da am mosazrebis mcdarobis dasam-

tkiceblad Semdeg faqtobriv argumentebs imowmebs:

... `dalocvilebo, RmerTi aRar gwamT?! mimoixedeT irgvliv! raa qarTuli

cnobierebisaTvis saxifaTo! _ baTumis operisa da baletis Teatris daarseba da

iq `abesalom da eTeris“ da `lelas“ dadgma? qarTuli kulturisa da xelovnebis

aRorZineba?! vaJas, ilias, galaktionis, `axali aRTqmis“, servantesisa da sxva

ubrwyinvalesi gamocemebi? axal sawarmoTa mSenebloba? axali sasuliero Tu

saero saswavleblebis gaxsna? mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mSenebloba?

arqeologiuri muzeumis gaxsna? sportuli nagebobebis mSenebloba? Tu ngreva da

yaCaRoba, romelic am kuTxem, swored a. abaSiZis wyalobiT aicila Tavidan? ra

aris qarTuli cnobierebisaTvis saSiSi, es CamonaTvali, rac aWaraSi gakeTda, Tu

is, rom dRes saqarTvelodan qarTveli kaci garbis, rom saqarTvelos ekonomika

duxWir mdgomareobaSia“.
 – 118 –

sakmarisi faqtobrivi masalaa imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvels eWvi Seeparos zo-

gierTi gazeTis `obieqturobaSi“. amave dros avtoris poziciac mizanmimarTulia

_ xeli Seuwyos misTvis sasurveli sazogadoebrivi azris formirebas.

publicisturi nawarmoebis efeqturobas garkveulad gansazRvravs mkiTxve-

lis aqtiuri cxovrebiseuli poziciis formireba, misi Semdgomi praqtikuli saq-

mianoba. pirovnebis pozicia TavisTavad urTierTobaTa rTuli sistemaa, romlis

Camoyalibeba xangrZlivi da saTuTi procesia. specialistTa azriT, igi warmoad-

gens pirovnebis urTierTobebis, ganwyobis, qmedebis ganmsazRvreli motivebis,

saqmianobisaken mimarTuli miznebisa da faseulobaTa rTul sistemas (86, 288).

statiis, rogorc publicisturi Janris, mizandasaxulobac isaa, rom sworad

warmarTos mkiTxvelis fiqri, aziaros igi sazogadoebriv WeSmarit Rirebule-

bebsa da normativebs, daexmaros mimdinare sazogadoebriv-politikuri da sxva

sakiTxebis garkvevaSi. es rTuli mizani (publicisturi teqstis saSualebiT zemoq-

medeba) miiRweva logikur da emociur saSualebaTa sistemiT, rasac zogierTi

mkvlevari argumentacias uwodebs (116, 123).

publicistikaSi argumentaciis aRiarebuli wesebi TiTqmis mTlianad vrcel-

deba statiaze. ufro metic, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, statia, rogorc publicis-

turi Janri, argumentaciis gareSe ar arsebobs: mtkicebis procesi statiis Si-

naarsis Semadgeneli nawilia, xolo argumentebi _ yvelaze aqtiuri elementebi.

Teoretikosis WeSmaritad gasaziarebeli mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom `Tu

beletristika saxeebiT azrovnebaa, publicistika, Jurnalisturi praqtika argu-

mentirebis amgvar xelovnebad unda miviCnioT“ (47, 37), uciloblad miesadageba

erT-erT sayuradRebo Janrs _ statias.

amrigad, statiaSi umravles SemTxvevaSi argumentTa Semdegi nimuSebi gvxv-

deba: faqtobrivi magaliTebi, statistikuri monacemebi, dokumenturi masala (do-

kumentebi), axsna-ganmarteba, citireba, istoriuli eqskursi, epizodi mxatvruli

nawarmoebidan, religiuri Segoneba, Jurnalistis (avtoris) pozicia da sxv.

 – 119 –

argumentaciis sakiTxebi uSualod ukavSirdeba Tanamedrove statiis mdgoma-

reobas, misi ganviTarebis tendenciebs. publicisturi ostatobis kanonzomiereba

ganapirobebs argumentaciis sistemis Semdgom srulyofasa da daxvewas.

VI Tavi. statiis kompoziciuri Taviseburebani

statiis efeqturoba misi Sinaarsisa da formis erTianobiTaa ganpirobe-

buli. publicistikis TeoriaSi miiCneven, rom kompozicia, rogorc formis ele-

menti, damokidebulia Sinaarsze, statiis mTavar ideaze, im konkretul amocanaze,

rasac avtori isaxavs miznad. kompoziciaSi formisa da Sinaarsis dialeqtikuri

erTianobaa xorcSesxmuli. Sinaarsi misi gamoxatvis mizanmimarTul, saukeTeso,

xSir SemTxvevaSi, erTaderT srulyofil formas moiTxovs (118, 5). v. goroxovis

mosazrebiT, Sinaarsisa da formis erTianobis principi srulyofili argu-

mentaciis, gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa optimaluri sistemis, dinamikuri da

STambeWdavi siuJetis, kompoziciis, stiluri xerxebisa da mdidari enis Ziebis au-

cileblobas gulisxmobs (104, 101).

publicistur ideas daqvemdebarebuli sworad gaazrebuli nawarmoebis kom-

pozicia Jurnalisturi ostatobis sferos ganekuTvneba. gasaziarebelia specia-

listis azri imis Taobaze, rom profesionalizms mxolod aqtualuri Temis Ser-

Ceva, damajerebeli faqtebis moSvelieba, Janris zusti gansazRvra ar ganapiro-

bebs. aseve aucilebelia sagazeTo masalis mTeli monaxazis _ saTauridan

ukanasknel frazamde _ gaazrebis unari (115, 28).

statiam dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema unda gaxados SesaZlebeli. igi avto-

ris poziciaSi unda gvarwmunebdes, saTanado emocias iwvevdes, konkretuli

daskvnisaTvis gvamzadebdes da Sesabamisad moqmedebis gzas gviCvenebdes. Tu

 – 120 –

statia am amocanas ver asrulebs, misi efeqturobis koeficienti dabalia. isic

aRsaniSnavia, rom publicisturi Rirebulebis gansazRvra kompoziciur Tavisebu-

rebaTa gareSe SeuZlebelia. veTanxmebiT TeoriaSi miRebul azrs, rom kom-

poziciis srulyofis mxriv Jurnalistis SemoqmedebiT laboratoriaSi sas-

waulebs ar unda velodoT. WeSmariti publicisturi nawarmoebis Seqmnis

saidumlos bolomde gaSifvra SeuZlebelia, radgan Janrobrivi srulyofis

magiuri sqema ar arsebobs. magram, rogorc l. kaida miuTiTebs, kompoziciis Ses-

wavlis mcdeloba uSedego ar aris (115, 28).

kompoziciur ostatobas rogorc niWi, aseve garkveuli codnac ganapirobebs.

k. fedini codnisa da mxatvruli alRos Tanafardobis sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi aR-

niSnavda, rom saWiroa kompoziciis ara marto codna, aramed misi SegrZnebis

imgvari unari, rasac kargi arqiteqtori sivrcis aRqmisas flobs (112, 27).

statiis kompoziciur Taviseburebas Jurnalistis ostatoba ganapirobebs.

gonivrulad dalagebuli azrebi da masStaburi faqtebi uzrunvelyofs mkiTx-

velis maqsimaluri ndobis mopovebas, misi damajereblobis miRwevas. es

mniSvnelovania, radganac kompozicia damokidebulia nawarmoebis Sinaarsze, Te-

maze, ideaze, im mTavar amocanaze, rasac avtori isaxavs miznad.

statiis kompoziciuri Taviseburebani im niSniTacaa ganpirobebuli, rom sa-

fuZvliani daskvnisaTvis movlenis Sinaarsis amsaxveli tipuri, metyveli faqte-

bia aucilebeli. WeSmariti publicisturi Rirebulebis mqone statia mxolod

myar faqtebzea dafuZnebuli. maTze dayrdnobiT aqtualuri, sasicocxlo

mniSvnelobis problemis (sakiTxis), garkvevisas unda Candes perspeqtiva, ro-

melic mkiTxvels saSualebas miscems movlenis realoba gaisigrZeganos, igi

srulyofilad Seafasos da avtoris mier SeTavazebuli moqmedebis programa

gaiTavisos.

Jurnalisti statiaSi, rogorc wesi, sakuTar mosazrebas, koncefcias afiqsi-

rebs, riTac mkiTxvelTa araerTgvarovan auditorias exmareba mimdinare sazoga-

doebriv-politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri Tu sxva procesebis gacnobiere-

baSi. nawarmoebis kompoziciur sirTules sxva garemoebac ganapirobebs: zogadi

 – 121 –

ideis dasabuTeba imgvarad xdeba, rom faqtis Znelad dasanaxi aspeqtebi gaxdes

gasagebi, maT Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri dadgindes. e. i. arqiteqtonikis

principi statiis msjelobis Taviseburebas unda emyarebodes _ myari argumente-

bis, faqtebis meSveobiT avtoris ideis udavo WeSmariteba damtkicdes, rac sa-

zogadoebas mis logikurobaSi daarwmunebs da swor daskvnamde miiyvans.

mkiTxvelis Tanamoazred formirebis procesi Jurnalistisagan, sazogadod

publicistisagan, did SemoqmedebiT unars moiTxovs. statiis kompoziciuri osta-

tobac swored imaSi mJRavndeba, Tu rogoraa mTlianad Sekruli Sinaarsis yove-

li elementi, maT Soris rogori Sinagani kavSiri arsebobs. Sinaarsobriv ele-

mentTa, msjelobis meTodebisa da xerxebis organuli kavSiri, maTi erTianoba

nawarmoebis srulyofil mTlianobas ganapirobebs.

statiis kompozicias umTavresad Janris specifika gansazRvravs. msjelobis

deduqciuri meTodi arqiteqtonikazec calsaxad aisaxeba.

statiis yoveli saxeobis (mowinave, propagandistuli, problemuri) struq-

tura ZiriTadad Semdeg principzea agebuli:

statia iwyeba mTavari Tezisis CamoyalibebiT;

Teziss mosdevs msjeloba, romliTac dasturdeba Tezisis simarTle an

mcdaroba;

msjelobas axlavs faqtebi da sxva argumentebi, masala, romelic avtoris

mTavari ideis, mosazrebis dasabuTebis saSualebebia;

statiis finalSi naCvenebia an miniSnebulia nawarmoebis mTavari sakiTxis

realizaciis (mowinavesa da propagandistulSi) an problemis gadaWris (proble-

murSi) konkretuli gza.

statiaSi erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxis sagnobrivi ganxilva-gaanalizeba xdeba.

darwmunebis meTodebis, emociuri zemoqmedebis saSualebaTa, enisa da stilis

gansazRvra erTaderT mizans emsaxureba, rac SeiZleba damajerebeli, Tval-

saCino gaxados statiis dedaazri, uzrunvelyos mkiTxvelTa yuradRebis mipy-

roba da Sesabamisi ganwyoba-emociis gamowveva.

 – 122 –

statiis Sinaarsobrivi elementebis _ argumentTa, faqtTa, mosazrebaTa gan-

Tavsebas nawarmoebis idea gansazRvravs, magram maTi `mowesrigeba“, rogorc zo-

gierTi mkvlevari Tvlis, miiRweva sxvadasxva formis saSualebiT, romelTa So-

ris siuJeti mniSvnelovania (101, 106).

v. goroxovi problemur siuJets sxva JanrebTan erTad statiisaTvis niSan-

doblivad miiCnevs (101, 108). siuJetis es saxeoba mkiTxvels sinamdvilis publi-

cisturi kvlevis, avtoris mier dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis Ziebis saSualebas

aZlevs.

Cven gasaziareblad migvaCnia problemuri siuJetisa da mecnierul mtkiceba-

Ta sistemis analogiis ganxilva: misi kvanZi gvagonebs sakiTxis dasmas, moqmede-

bis ganviTareba _ faqtebis analizs, ideaTa Sepirispireba-argumentTa

Camoyalibebas, xolo kulminacia _ sakiTxis gadawyvetas (101, 109).

statiaSi dasmuli sakiTxi, problema, misi dasabuTeba, darwmunebis xerxebi,

daskvna, sakiTxis gadawyvetis gza mkiTxvels gasagebi, popularuli eniT unda

miewodos. statiis leqsikasa da frazeologiaSi upiratesoba emociur, Semfase-

blur saSualebebs eniWeba. mag., g. soglanikma mowinave statiis enis amosavali

principi, e. w. `Sinagani amocana“ Semdegnairad gansazRvra: @Njkmrj yt ,tccnhfcnyjt

byajhvbhjdfybt= njkmrj yt cgjrjqyjt- hfdyjleiyjt abrcbhjdfybt ghj,ktv= ntv= cj,snbq= afrnjd@

(141= 6)\

specialistis azriT, mowinave statiaSi nominaciisa da Sefasebis SeTavseba,

azris emociur-Semfasebluri gamoxatva mJRavndeba. vfiqrobT, es tendencia sta-

tiis yvela saxeobisaTvis aris niSandoblivi.

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, Janris specifika Sesabamis siuJetur qargas

moiTxovs. igi aseve gadamwyvetia leqsikisa da frazeologiis gansazRvraSi. sta-

tiis avtori enisa da Txrobis stilis SerCeviT mkiTxvelis sakuTar simarTleSi

darwmunebas isaxavs miznad. es mTavari principi Jurnalists garkveulad `zRu-

davs“ da amave dros SemoqmedebiTi arCevanis saSualebasac aZlevs. `SuzRudvas“

ganapirobebs is garemoeba, rom statia ver `itans“ `mZime“ mecnierul stils, misi
 – 123 –

ena mkiTxvelisaTvis popularuli da gasagebi unda iyos. amave dros es moTxovna

sakuTari azris primitiuli eniT gadmocemas rodi niSnavs.

SemoqmedebiTi arCevanis SesaZlebloba argumentaciiTaa ganpirobebuli.

darwmunebis, sakuTar azrze mkiTxvelis misamxrobad argumentTa nairsaxeobis

gamoyeneba SeuzRudavia. amave dros, TiToeul maTgans publicisturi xasiaTi

unda hqondes, mkiTxvelisaTvis advilad gasagebi da aRsaqmeli iyos.

kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiT sainteresod miviCnieT j. Rvinjilias publika-

cia `wigns Savi dRe daudga“ (52). statiis saTauri problemis simwvavesa da avto-

ris poziciaze migvaniSnebs. STambeWdavia publikaciis dasawyisi, romelSic Temis

aqtualobaa dasabuTebuli: `WeSmaritebani, romelTa Sesaxeb am nawilSi visaub-

reb, TiTqmis yvelasaTvis kargad aris cnobili. me maT Sesaxeb vsaubrob mxolod

imitom, rom es WeSmaritebani sazogadoebis udides nawils daaviwyda. iseTi

mdgomareoba Seiqmna, sxva gamosavals ver vxedav. sazogadoebis im udides

nawils unda SevaxsenoT:

batonebo! qveyanaze arsebobs wigni!..“

arsebuli sinamdvilis realuri asaxviT avtori sworad svams aqcents:

` ... rodesac vxedav, rom Tbilisis quCebSi ukve manqanebis sacobebi gaCnda anu

bevrma iSova fuli da daqris, rodesac vxedav, didi sakoncerto darbazebi

rogor iWedeba xalxiT gasarTobi sanaxaobisaTvis da es yovelive grZeldeba

Tveebis ganmavlobaSi, rodesac vxedav, rogor veswrafviT `xoxmebs“ da `Sou

koncertebs“, gasarTob festivalebsa da iaffasiani iumoriT gaJRenTil war-

modgenebs, rodesac vnebivrobT `metexsa“ da sxva Zvirad Rirebul restornebSi,

rodesac vxedav ucxoeTis qveynebSi `sagrialod“ gadafrenil aTiaTasobiT

Tanamemamules, ras da vis gavuCumde.

vxedav imasac, rom kvdeba wigni da wignTan erTad misi moyvaruli mkiTxve-

li, visac wignisa ki ara, puris fulic ara aqvs“.

statiaSi ramdenjerme meordeba fraza-refreni:

`batonebo, qveyanaze arsebobs wigni!“ am SexsenebiT j. Rvinjilia sa-

zogadoebis yuradRebas amaxvilebs sulier RirebulebaTa daqveiTebis tenden-

 – 124 –

ciis momZlavrebaze. gameorebis meTodi miznobrivadaa moxmobili da Tavis

daniSnulebas amarTlebs.

mokle winadadebebi, abzacis aqtiuri gamoyeneba Txrobas dinamizms matebs,

rac mkiTxvelzec STambeWdavad moqmedebs. abzacebis Tanmimdevrulad erTi da

imave sityvebiT dawyeba STagonebis mizniTaa gamoyenebuli:

`Turme yvelaferi mTavaria, wignze ufro mTavari: wisqvili, sawarmo, fab-

rikebi, qarxnebi...

Turme yvelaferi ufro mniSvnelovania _ fexburTic, kalaTburTic, fren-

burTic, Widaobac, krivic...

Turme yvelaferi unda dasponsordes, mease xarisxovani ansamblic, gundic,

da ra aRara...“

teqstis yoveli erTeuli erTmaneTTan logikuradaa dakavSirebuli, erTi

abzacidan meore gamomdinareobs. mag., `Tuki qveyanas uWirs (da mas marTlac

eWirs!), yvelam gaviWirvoT, wignic gverdze gadavdoT erTxans da ojaxis saqmec,

Rreobebs moveSvaT, gasarTob sanaxaobebsac, ucxoeTSi seirnoba-tkbobasac, feSe-

nebeluri vilebis Senebasac, fantastikuri avejis, manqanebis da Casacmel-dasaxu-

ravis SeZenasac, jibeebi amoviferTxoT, kapiki kapiks davaweboT da ltolvilebs,

Sida qarTls da afxazeTs vuSveloT, ekonomika da mrewveloba avaRorZinoT,

qveyana qveyanas davamgvanoT.

magram raki qarTvelobis angariSgasawevi nawili ise iqceva, TiTqos qveya-

nas araferi uWirdes, qarTulma sityvam anu qarTulma wignma xma unda aRimaR-

los, Tavic daicvas da is mkiTxvel-myidvelic, masTan erTad rom kvdeba“.

mTeli statia emociuradaa damuxtuli. es sulier faseulobebze dafiqre-

buli kacis paTosia, ramac unda gamoafxizlos amqveyniuri cxovrebis netarebiT

miZinebuli sazogadoebis nawili _ adamianTa is jgufi, visTvisac WeSmariti Ri-

rebulebani garkveulad gadafasda, vinc eris Tvalsawiers mxolod materialuri

keTildReobiT zomavs da ar scalia sakuTarsave gaZarcvul suls CauRrmavdes.

 – 125 –

statiis toni sruliad gamarTlebulia. Txrobis stili, ena gasagebi da gasa-

ziarebelia mkiTxvelTa farTo auditoriisaTvis. avtoris wuxili wignis gau-

fasurebis gamo marTebuli da droulia.

statiis kompoziciur TaviseburebaTa jgufSi saTauris sakiTxs gamovyofT,

radganac `igi gvexmareba nawarmoebis Sinaarsis aRqmasa da avtoris poziciis

garkvevaSi, mkiTxvelis dainteresebasa da mozidvaSi“ (45, 333).

prof. n. tabiZe saTauris specifikis ganmapirobebel faqtorTa Soris umTav-

resad masalis Janrobriv Taviseburebas miiCnevs (45, 333).

Cven mier ganxilul statiaTa saTaurebis umravlesoba aSkarad tendenciu-

ria. isini miuTiTeben publikaciis rogorc mTavar Temaze, aseve gamoxataven av-

toris damokidebulebas mis mimarT:

_ `Tavad-aznaurTa uqmobiT Cveni miwa-wylis dakargva“ (65).

_ `Tavad-aznaurobis gulgriloba swavla-ganaTlebis saqmeSi“ (71).

_ `inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis arainteleqtualuri damcvelni“ (16).

_ `eklis gvirgviniT aRar ivlian“ (49).

_ `toponimebi Tvalsa da xels Sua qreba“ (50).

_ `saqarTvelo aWaridan iwyeba“ (7).

_ `dedaenis geri sityva“ (19).

saTaurad gamotanilia citata, strofi mxatvruli nawarmoebidan. avtori

gvTavazobs cnobili andazis, debulebis perifrazirebas.

statia `mizez-mizez.. vagzals mgzavri aklia“ centraluri avtosadguris umg-

zavrobis problemas ganixilavs (20). saTauri yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi araerT-

gzis gameorebuli andazis variaciaa. mas azrobrivi datvirTva gaaCnia: publika-

ciis mTavar saTqmels adasturebs, Seicavs `damaintrigebel elements“, riTac

mkiTxvelis yuradRebas ipyrobs.

avtors n. nekrasovis saTauris `vin cxovrobs ruseTSi kargad?“ perifrazi-

reba (`vin cxovrobs saqarTveloSi kargad?“) imitom dasWirda, rom sakiTxis sim-

wvave ufro TvalnaTliv aCvenos, mkiTxveli miseuli msjelobiT dasmul kiTxva-

ze pasuxis gasacemad swor mosazrebamde miiyvanos (51).

 – 126 –

saTaurTa erTi jgufi kiTxvebis formiTaa warmodgenili:

`gavuZlebT?“ (54) _ saTaurad gamotanili SekiTxva Znelad Tu gamoepareba

mkiTxvelis Tvals. mravali problemis fonze, roca bevri ramaa gasaZlisi, fsi-

qologiuri TvalsazrisiT marTlac sainteresoa, publikaciaSi amjerad romel

maTganzea yuradReba gamaxvilebuli.

zogierTi saTauri alegoriuli xasiaTisaa.

`curva dinebis sawinaaRmdegod“ (55) statiis dedaazrs gamoxatavs. masSi qu-

TaisSi wesrigisadmi gansxvavebul damokidebulebazea yuradReba gamaxvilebuli.

saTauri am tendenciaze aSkarad migvaniSnebs, xolo qvesaTauri _ `kriminaluri

zRva uCinar rifebs malavs“ _ aseve naTlad miuTiTebs im dabrkolebebze, rasac

quTaislebi wesrigis damyarebis dros awydebian. amdenad, es erTgvari alegoria

sakmaod STambeWdavad gamoxatavs statiis ZiriTad Temas da avtoris Canafiqrsac

amarTlebs.

gvxvdeba orwevriani saTaurebi, romlebic problemaTa masStaburobasa da

ganzogadebas usvams xazs. mag., `mozardi da danaSauli“ (30) _ aRniSnulia aras-

rulwlovanisa da danaSaulis urTierTkavSiri, rac statiis sagans calsaxad mia-

niSnebs.

i. WavWavaZem saTaurSi `Cveni xalxi da ganaTleba“ (74, 338) erisa da ganaT-

lebis aucilebeli erTianoba gamokveTa.

`zusti, konkretuli, gasagebi, advilad aRsaqmeli“ (45, 357) saTauris nimuSia

`Cven Tavsac gamovkvebavT da sxvasac davexmarebiT“ (26). masSi erTmniSvnelovna-

daa asaxuli avtoris Tvalsazrisi, rac eris sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis _ soflis

meurneobis sakiTxebs wina planze wamoswevs.

statiebis Seswavlam dagvanaxa, rom xSiria saTaurebi, sadac Sinaarsobrivi

momentebia xazgasmuli. nimuSad, `Cveni satyeo meurneoba“ (36, 292) n. nikolaZe

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis sakiTxs ayenebs _ xe-tyis Zvirfasi jiSebis kapike-

bad ganiavebis tendencias, ramac saqarTvelos fauna gadaSenebis saSiSroebis

qveS daayena. miuxedavad problemis simwvavisa, publicistma marTebulad CaT-

vala saTaurSi yuradReba mxolod statiis Temaze gaemaxvilebina. statiis sa-

 – 127 –

gania aseve dafiqsirebuli sxva SemTxvevaSic _ `Cveni naklovanebani“ (37, 336). av-

tori amjeradac zogadi saTauriT Semoifargla.

statiis kompoziciur TaviseburebaTa Soris mniSvnelovania statiis dasawy-

isi da finali. dasawyisi imgvaradaa agebuli, rom mkiTxvelis yuradReba miipy-

ros, xolo dasasruli avtoris mosazrebaTa Semajamebeli akordia.

Jurnalisti m. jaiani sazogadoebrivi winsvlis erT-erT pirvelxarisxovan

problemas _ swori socialuri politikis ganxorcielebis sakiTxs ayenebs (80).

am publikacias ramdenime dadebiTi mxare gaaCnia: TviT sakiTxis mniSvnelo-

ba, sakuTari poziciis mravalmxrivi dasabuTeba. gamovyofT kompoziciuri

Taviseburebis erT moments _ publikaciis dasawyiss. statias wamZRvarebuli aqvs

amonaweri mosaxleobis profesiuli orientaciisa da fsiqologiuri dacvis re-

spublikuri centris socialuri dacvis koncefciidan: `mosaxleobis socialuri

dacva warmoadgens samarTlebriv, ekonomikur, politikur, samedicino, zneo-

brivi da socialur-fsiqologiuri garantiebis sistemas, romelic Sromisunarian

mosaxleobas uqmnis Tanabar pirobebs cxovrebis donis amasaRleblad, misi pi-

radi SromiTi wvlilis, ekonomikuri damoukideblobis, iniciativisa da mewar-

meobis safuZvelze. xolo SromisunarSezRuduli pirebisaTvis awesebs sxvadasxva

saxis SeRavaTebs, Semweobebsa da daxmarebebs“...

am debulebis safuZvelze avtori akeTebs logikur daskvnas: `socialuri da-

cvis obieqts mTeli mosaxleoba warmoadgens da ara mxolod umuSevari, invali-

di da sxva ukiduresad gaWirvebuli nawili“. aseTi dasawyisi avtors imisaTvis

dasWirda, rom, jer erTi, sakiTxis masStaburoba aCvenos, meorec, mkiTxveli

problemis arsSi gaarkvios: `socialuri dacvis mTavari mimarTuleba unda

mdgomareobdes ara Semweobebisa da daxmarebebis sagadasaxado sistemebis, ara-

med im pirobebis SeqmnaSi, romlebSic yovel adamians muSaobiTa da miRebuli

anazRaurebiT ojaxis Senaxvis Tanabari SesaZleblobebi eqneba“. Jurnalisti sa-

kiTxis sxva aspeqtzec amaxvilebs yuradRebas _ ekonomikurad aqtiuri adamiane-

bisaTvis Tavdacvis pirobebis Seqmna. igi dasaqmebis problemis axleburad

gadawyvetis sakiTxs ayenebs, raSic sruliad samarTlianad miiCnevs mosaxleobis

 – 128 –

profesiuli orientaciisa da fsiqologiuri dacvis samsaxuris sagangebo

mniSvnelobas. sworia avtoris daskvna Sesabamisi profilis centris Semdgomi

gafarToebis Sesaxeb, rac mosaxleobis socialur dacvas Seuwyobs xels.

amrigad, statiis dasawyisi Sinaarsobrivi da kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiT

gamarTlebulia. igi avtoris Canafiqrs srulyofilad gamoxatavs da arsebul sa-

kiTxze kompetenturi msjelobis bazas warmoadgens.

Jurnalistis mizans statiis saTauric Seesatyviseba _ `daucveli mosaxleoba

_ araswori socialuri politikis pirmSo“. masSi sazogadoebriv interesTan er-

Tad avtoris Sexedulebac aSkarad da Seufaravadaa gacxadebuli.

s. simoniSvili publikaciaSi `gadasaxadebi saxelmwifosaTvis da ara mis wi-

naaRmdeg“ (40) sagadasaxado politikis Zireulad Secvlis sakiTxs ayenebs. statia

saxelmwifoebrivi interesis gamomxatvelia. avtoris Tvalsazrisi ganzogade-

buli saxiT nawarmoebis finalSia koncentrirebuli, rac am dargSi seriozuli

cvlilebebis aucileblobas adasturebs: `rogorc xedavT, mdgomareoba mZimea,

gadasaxadebis simravle da maTi maRali ganakveTebi yovelTvis gaumarTlebeli

iyo, magram sayovelTao aRviraxsnilobis da sagadasaxado nihilizmis pi-

robebSi, anu im droSi, roca TviT sagadasaxado uwyeba da maTTan gaTanabre-

buli uwyebebi sustni iyvnen da gadasaxadebs (oficialurs) Znelad Tu vinme

ixdida, es problema ase mwvaved ar moCanda. axla ki, roca sagadasaxado in-

speqcia (da sxvebic) gaZlierda da gadasaxadebis amoRebac warmatebiT xor-

cieldeba, saxelmwifo interesi uwyebriv interesze maRla Tu ar dadga da Tu sa-

gadasaxado politika Zireulad ar Seicvala, qveyanas sasikeTo araferi

moelis“.

avtori statiaSi `sworxazovani azrovnebidan `veCni kaifamde“ narkomaniis

damRupvel Sedegs aanalizebs da narkomanis damnaSaveobas asabuTebs (31).

statiis finali kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiT saintereso gadawyvetad mig-

vaCnia. `dasasrul, modiT gavixsenoT cnobili amerikuli mxatvruli filmi `naia-

revi saxis“ erT-erTi bolo fragmenti.

 – 129 –

toni montana, romelmac TiTqmis yvelafers miaRwia Tavisi odiozuri cxov-

rebis gziT, sakuTar kabinetSia Caketili, magidas uzis. magidaze ki kokainis TeT-

ri grova yria. montana ise daSterebia am grovas, TiTqos fiqrobs, rom swored

aman waaxdina, mospo da gaanadgura misi cxovreba, rom igi damnaSavea dedis, dis,

megobris da saerTod yvelas winaSe. igi xom sakuTar Tavsac iSxamavda da sxveb-

sac wamlavda... niSandoblivia is faqti, rom mere erTbaSad gamofxizldeba, wa-

modgeba da musrs gaavlebs mis mosaklavad gamogzavnil 30-40 kacs. ra Tqma unda,

bolos Tavadac kvdeba!..“

am epizodis moxmobiT avtoris pozicia cxadi xdeba _ narkomani sazogadoe-

bisa da sakuTari Tavis winaSe damnaSavea. igi sasikvdilodaa ganwiruli, Tu sa-

Tanado daskvnebs droze ar gaakeTebs. z. mrelaSvili am cxovrebiseuli logikiT

asrulebs vrcel publikacias, rac mTavar saTqmelze mkiTxvels utyuarad mia-

niSnebs.

statiis enas dinamizms mxatvruli tropebis (epiTeti, Sedareba, metafora,

aforizmi, andaza) gamoyeneba aniWebs. isini, rogorc wesi, mkiTxvelSi mZafri

emociis gamowvevis mizniT avtoris azris gamyarebas emsaxureba.

am mxriv samagaliToa i. WavWavaZis, a. wereTlis, n. nikolaZis statiebi,

romlebSic uxvad moipoveba mxatvruli xerxebi. Cveni winaprebis mwerluri niWi

publicistur nawarmoebebSic ostaturad gamomJRavnda.

ilia WavWavaZe pedagogikis sakiTxebze saubrisas humanisti mqadageblis vit-

torino defeltres moRvaweobas imowmebs, mis saqmianobasa da kvirts Soris pa-

ralels avlebs. publicisti analogiis safuZvels SemdegSi xedavs: keTilad

dawyebuli saqmeca da kvirtic Rvivdeba, iSleba da nayofs iZleva. amdenad, ganzo-

gadebis rangSi ayvanili Sedareba msjelobis logikur daskvnas warmoadgens: „ ...

vittorinos azri, maSindelis skolis safuZvelad dadebuli, mxolod dasawyisia,

fexis adgmaa axalis sapedagogio Teoriisa, maSasadame, vittorinos moqmedebas

saskolo sarbielzed ise unda vuyuroT, rogorc dvritas, romelic mere da mere

gaRvivda, rogorc kvirts, romelic mere da mere gaiSala da gadaixsna sxvaTa

mecnierTa SemweobiTa“ (64, 220).

 – 130 –

statiaSi „Tavad-aznaurobis gulgriloba swavla-ganaTlebis saqmeSi“ (71)

aRniSnulia, rom Tavad-aznaurTa erTi nawilis grZnobebi „warmoadgens pawia

mRvrie da xavsiT mosils tbas, romlis adideba da agoraveba ise SeuZlebelia,

rogorc ubralo TvalTagan uxilavis kbilis Wiis veSapad gardaqmna. rac ginda

mrisxane cxovrebis grigali dahqrodes am tbas, misi talRebi mainc myudrod ga-

nisveneben Tavis binazed da ar eqvemdebarebian moZraobis qar-texilsa... am

SemTxvevaSi zogierTi Cvengani - mcxedars hgavs, sulganabulad mdebares, romel-

sac TiTqo arc ki exeba is, rac xdeba saerTo cxovrebis aremareze“...

konkretul SemTxvevaSi adamianis grZnobasa da xavsiT mosil tbas aerTi-

anebT umoZraoba, umoqmedoba. es paraleli avtoris moqalaqeobrivi poziciis

gamomxatveli ostaturad gamoyenebuli mxatvruli xerxia. misi saSualebiT Ta-

vad-aznaurobis umravlesobis ZiriTadi seni _ indiferentizmia gamoaSkarave-

buli. amgvari Sedareba, ueWvelia, mkiTxvelze did zemoqmedebas axdens.

n. nikolaZe statiaSi „Cveni sasuliero wodebis momzadeba“ (35, 515) ayenebs

qveynisTvis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxs _ „xalxis sulieri xelmZRvanelebis“ _

mRvdlebis momzadebas. publicisti arsebuli situaciis dasaxasiaTeblad sasulie-

ro mweralTa mtkicebas iSveliebs: „ ... Cven iseve Sorsa varT im mdgomareobidan,

rac sasuliero wodebam evropaSi Seiqmna, rogorc varskvlavebidan“. advilad

warmosadgenia dedamiwasa da varskvlavebs Soris manZili, rac TvalsaCinos

xdis saqarTvelosa da evropis sasuliero wodebaTa mdgomareobas Soris arse-

bul „siSores“ da problemis simwvaves globalurad warmoaCens.

akaki aRniSnavs: „im gugula mamulisSvilebze, Cvens sabudarSi, rom mxolod

Tavis gamosaCenad, xandaxan ukakaniaT da kvercxi ki sxvis sabudarSi udviaT!“ am

SemTxvevaSi zogierTi qarTvelisa da gugulis xasiaTis mxatvruli paralelis

safuZveli orpiroba, atrofirebuli erTgulebis grZnobaa (60, 366).

avtori rTul sakiTxze msjelobas SedarebiT iwyebs. „qarTuli mwerloba

da kultura is rostomi gaxlavT, romelic saxelmwifosa da xalxisaTvis

saarako gmirobas sCadioda“ (51).

 – 131 –

es paraleli mTel statias zoliviT gasdevs. j. Rvinjilia arsebiT momen-

tebze mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misapyrobad am xerxs miznobrivad iSveliebs:

„miTqvams, unda gavimeoro, ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi maTSi idga qarTuli sax-

elmwifoebrioba da erkineboda imperias. es didma qarTulma mwerlobam, mec-

nierebam da kulturam Semoavles galavani qarTveli eris suls, raTa imperiis

talRebs ar daelewa misi norCi totebi. maSin xom gvWirdeboda rostomis SeSa

anu qarTuli mwerlobis, mecnierebisa da kulturis maxvili, romelic qarTul

meobas icavda, maSin xom rostomis SeSa Wrida pirbasri xmaliviT, ra gvqonda

sxva, saxelmwifos ra formas vflobdiT, rom es devuri mowola imperiisa Segve-

magrebina?

saxelmwifoebrivi masStabis samsaxuri am brZolaSi mwerlobam, mecnierebam

da kulturam gaswia“.

„martooden saqarTvelos prezidenti qarTul mwerlobas, kulturas da

mecnierebas ver gadaarCens! is ar aris batoni, romlis umadurobam devgmiri

rostomi gadaria“...

publicists mebrZol devgmirTan mwerlobis, kulturisa da mecnierebis ana-

logia sakuTari Tvalsazrisis dasamkvidreblad sWirdeba. masSi STambeWdavadaa

gamoxatuli avtoris optimisturi ganwyoba da qveynis momavalze fiqri: dResac

iseve mebrZoli, sazogadoebrivad aqtiuri unda iyos qarTuli inteligencia,

rogorc warsulSi. mTeli statia sakuTar SexedulebaSi mtkiced darwmunebuli

kacis azriTaa damuxtuli. avtorma icis Tavisi saTqmelis simarTle, rac sa-

zogadoebrivi winsvlis utyuari pirobaa.

saxovani stilistikis sxva meTodis gamoyenebac SeiniSneba statiaSi. kerZod,

sakiTxis, problemis damaxasiaTebeli faqtebi da movlenebi mxatvruladaa aRwe-

rili. mag., Tanamedrove presa asea daxasiaTebuli: `wesiT, erovnuli cnobiere-

bis mqone qveyanaSi avadmyofi, sneuli sazogadoebis gankurneba sityviT unda

daiwyos, magram ubedureba isaa, rom vis xelSic sityvaa, isic avadmyofia, imav

sneuli sazogadoebis wevri. Cveni presa... avadmyofi sazogadoebisaTvis rom wers

da TviTonac rom avadmyofia da amitom puris nacvlad qvas rom awvdis mkiTx-
 – 132 –

vels da Tevzis wil ki _ gvels da savaglaxod, Tavisufleba rom es hgonia

orives _ biwierebis urTierTgacvla da gaziareba. aseTi presa sazogadoebis

bedovlaTobis gamo konkurenciis gareSe navardobs. xalxis cnobierebis rRevis,

qveynis aSlilobis saqmeSi mas sityvis Sembrunebeli, xelisSemqcevi aravin hyavs.

miSvebulni arian da Telaven yanas da patrons ki gzaSi agviandeba. magram rom

mova, moimkis rames?“ (78). problemis srulyofilad warmodgenas azris gadmoce-

mis aseTi formac xdis SesaZlebels, riTac publikaciis damajereblobis xarisxi

matulobs.

a. wereTeli saqarTveloze Tavsdamtydar problemebs bunebis movlenebTan

akavSirebs da xatovnad warmosaxavs Wir-varams: „am naxevari saukunis ganmavlo-

baSi cota gvinaxavs dari, ufro meti avdriani dRe gvdgomia, magram gagviZlia:

elva-Weqis ar SegvSinebia, grigal-qariSxals ar gavqcevivarT, da setyvis dros

Tavi sxvagan arsad Segvifarebia. yvela agvitania... mesamoce wlebSi pirvel bijis

gadadgmas win ra dauxvda, Tu ar Weqa da quxili? nuTu maSindel gareSeTa risxva

da SinaurTa samduravi orivezedac uaresi ar iyo?“ (60, 365).

qarTveli mkvlevari SemTxveviT dapirispirebasa da msgavsebas simbolur

mniSvnelobas aniWebs. igi miiCnevs, rom „SemTxveviTis saSualebiT arsebiTis

Tqma xerxdeba xolme. erTi movlena meoris meoxebiT aixsneba, Tumca maT Soris

araviTari Sinagani logikuri kavSiri ar arsebobs. samagierod, arsebobs, Tu

SeiZleba ase iTqvas, mxatvruli kavSiri“ (8, 7).

l. bregvaZe yuradRebas detalis amgvar simbolizaciaze amaxvilebs da mas

ganixilavs „rogorc emociurobis miRwevis sakmaod gavrcelebul, Tanac tipur

Jurnalistur xerxs“ (8, 11).

samwuxarod, am `tipuri Jurnalisturi xerxis“ nimuSebi Tanamedrove statia-

Si naklebadaa. amgvari saSualebis avtoris saTqmelisaTvis morgeba profesiuli

ostatobis gamovlenad gvesaxeba. amdenad, Jurnalistis mier misi daufleba da

gamoyeneba SemoqmedebiTi unaris gaRrmavebis garkveuli sawindari iqneba.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom statiis kom-

poziciur Taviseburebebs umTavresad misi specifika ganapirobebs. msjelobis

 – 133 –

ZiriTadi meTodi _ deduqcia _ nawarmoebis arqiteqtonikas gansazRvravs. kom-

poziciur TaviseburebaTa Soris gamovyofT saTauris miznobriv SerCevas, nawar-

moebis dasawyissa da finals, enasa da stils. mxatvruli xerxebis gamoyenebas sa-

gangebo daniSnulebas vaniWebT, radganac igi mkiTxvelis dainteresebas isaxavs

miznad da avtoris mier gansazRvruli ganwyobisa da sazogadoebrivi azris for-

mirebis winapiroba xdeba.

d a s k v n a

qarTuli publicistikis TvalsaCino warmomadgenelTa da Tanamedrove pre-

sis publikaciebis analizma dagvarwmuna, rom statia, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, `mem-

kvidreobiTobas“ inarCunebs. igi tradiciuli publicisturi Janria.

i. WavWavaZe, n. nikolaZe, a. wereTeli aqtualur, saWirboroto sakiTxebze

msjelobisas upiratesobas statias aniWebdnen. maTi publikaciebi sityvis

ostatTa SemoqmedebiTi potencialisa da progresuli azrovnebis gamoxatulebaa.

ukanaskneli wlebis Jurnalisturi praqtika gviCvenebs, rom gansakuTrebuli

mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad kvlavindeburad statiis gamoyenebis

tendencia mJRavndeba. sagazeTo masalebis avtorTa Canafiqri Seesatyviseba sta-

tiis formas. Janris daniSnulebis Sesabamisad, rogorc klasikosebis, aseve

Tanamedrove JurnalistTa mier statiis Temad aRebulia qveynisa da eris mtkiv-

neuli sakiTxebi _ zneobis amaRleba, mSobliuri enis swavlebis gaumjobeseba,

 – 134 –

ganaTlebis dargis srulyofa, inteligenciis yofa-cxovreba, socialuri da

janmrTelobis dacvis mdgomareoba, erovnuli saganZuris dacva, qarTuli cno-

bierebis, TviTmyofadobis damkvidrebisaTvis Seunelebeli swrafva, sazogadoe-

briv-politikuri da sxva procesebis amsaxveli problemebi.

statiebSi Tezisis saxiT warmodgenili sakiTxi ZiriTadad dinamikuria. igi

asaxavs faqtTa, argumentTa sistemas, sazogadoebriv damokidebulebaTa da sagan-

Ta urTierTkavSiris erTobliobas. statiis rTuli struqtura ganpirobebulia

misi specifikiT. igi warmogvidgeba rogorc ideebisa da faqtebis analizi, sinTe-

zi. gamoxatavs avtoris Tvalsazriss, saxavs warmoqmnili winaaRmdegobebis ga-

daWris gzebs.

cxadia, yovel dRevandel sagazeTo statias problemis iliaseuli da akaki-

seuli masStaburi xedva, azrovnebis siRrme da moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgeblobis

mZafri gancda ar axasiaTebs. amasTan Tanamedroveoba Janris Sinaarsobriv-

struqturul mxares garkveul kvals amCnevs, magram ZiriTadi aspeqtebiT sxvada-

sxva epoqis Janri SeiZleba gavaerTianoT da CamovayaliboT misTvis damax-

asiaTebeli arsebiTi niSnebi:

I. statiis sagani aqtualuri, sazogadoebriv-politikuri mniSvnelobis prob-

lema, sakiTxi an ideaa. aqvs konkretuli mizani _ mkiTxvels daexmaros mimdinare

procesebisa da movlenebis gacnobierebaSi, cxovrebiseuli poziciis gansaz-

RvraSi. statiis sagani umTavresad Camoyalibebulia Tezisis saxiT, romelic

msjelobis procesSi an mtkicdeba, an dasturdeba misi mcdaroba.

gamovyofT statiis specifikur niSnebs:

1. statiis sagani sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis aqtualuri idea, sakiTxi an

problemaa, romelic umTavresad mimdinare movlenebisa da procesebis amsax-

veli faqtobrivi masalis safuZvelzea gaSuqebuli.

2. statiis mizania sazogadoebriv mdgomareobaze zegavlena, garkveuli sazo-

gadoebrivi azris formireba, mkiTxvelze praqtikuli zemoqmedeba _ misi

cxovrebiseuli poziciis Camoyalibebis, moqmedebis programis, sakiTxis

gadaWraSi sakuTari rolis gansazRvris mizniT.

 – 135 –

3. statiaSi mkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli avtoris pozicia. movlenebisadmi da-

mokidebuleba, Sefaseba misi msoflmxedvelobis, inteleqtis, politikuri kultu-

ris, cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebisa da faqtobrivi codnis gamoxatulebas war-

modgens.

4. statiaSi dasaxuli an miniSnebulia problemis (sakiTxis) gadawyvetis sa-

Sualebebi.

mizanSewonilad miviCnevT statiis Janrobrivi gansazRvrebis Semdeg va-

riants:

statia aris publicisturi Janri, romelSic faqtebsa da movlenebze dayrd-

nobiT aqtualuri mniSvnelobis sakiTxis (problemis, ideis) analizi, dasabuTeba

da ganzogadeba xdeba sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis mizniT, problemisa Tu

sakiTxis gadaWris saSualebebis miniSnebiT an CvenebiT.

II. publicistur JanrTa klasifikacia unda emyarebodes erT princips _ funq-

ciurs an Tematurs. statiis saxeebad dayofisas marTebulad miviCnevT klasifika-

ciis im models, romelsac safuZvlad daniSnulebis principi udevs. aRniSnuli

mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganvixilavT statiis sam saxes:

_ mowinave statia;

_ propagandistuli statia;

_ problemuri statia.

ukanaskneli periodis qarTuli presis analizi safuZvels iZleva da-

vaskvnaT, rom mowinave statia daikarga, propagandistuli statia umTavresad am

tipis nawarmoebisaTvis niSandoblivi elementebiT ufroa warmodgenili, vidre

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli arsebiTi niSnebiT. gazeTebis furclebze Warbobs

problemuri statia, romlis saSualebiT sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis mravali Te-

maa ganxiluli.

III. statias logikur-silogisturi msjeloba axasiaTebs. msjelobis Ziri-

Tadi meTodi deduqciaa. mTavari Tezisis _ ideis, problemis (zogadis) ganxilva,

gaanalizeba, Sefaseba xdeba cxovrebiseul da sxva saxis faqtobriv masalaze

(konkretulze) dayrdnobiT.
 – 136 –

statiisaTvis specifikuria aseve msjelobis sxva meTodebi: analizi, sinTezi,

ganzogadeba, Sedareba, analogia.

statiaSi SesaZlebeli xdeba analizis ori formis gamoyeneba: Rrma analizi

(faqtebsa da movlenebs Soris arsebuli mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris dadgena) da

farTo analizi (movlenis, procesis masStabis Cveneba). analizisa da sinTezis

erTianoba sakiTxis reliefurad warmoCenas ganapirobebs. statiis srulfasov-

nebas ganzogadeba gansazRvravs. ganzogadebis faqtebTan mimarTebis or variants

gamovyofT: pirveli, roca mas win uswrebs faqtebi, argumentebi. am tipis gan-

zogadeba umeteswilad daskvnis safuZvelia, rasac problemur statiaSi sakiTxis

gadawyvetis gzis miniSnebis an Cvenebis funqciac SeiZleba daekisros.

meore variantis SemTxvevaSi (ganzogadebas faqtobrivi masala mosdevs), igi

SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc statiis Tezisi, rac deduqciasac gansazRvravs.

Sedarebisa da analogiis meTodebis safuZvlad ganvixilavT dapirispire-

bisa da analogiis _ movlenis sxvadasxva aspeqtiT Cvenebis xerxebs, msjelobis

es formebi SesaZlebelia aseve ganxorcieldes stilisturi xerxis (asociaciuri

paralelizmis) saSualebiTac.

Cven mier gamoyofili statiis msjelobis meTodebi nawarmoebis mTavari

azris _ ideis publicisturad warmoCenas gansazRvravs, rac cnebebiT azrovnebas,

tendenciis aSkarad gamJRavnebas, sakiTxis aqtualobis dasabuTebasa da masStabu-

rad ganzogadebas gulisxmobs.

IV. statiaSi faqti avtoris mosazrebis, Canafiqris dasadastureblad,

daskvnisaTvis monacemis, masalis mniSvnelobiTaa moxmobili. misi funqcia argu-

mentadaa gansazRvruli.

statiis faqti:

a) asaxavs movlenis arss, mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirs amyarebs sxva faqtebTan,

aCvenebs procesis dinamikas, misi ganviTarebis logikas;

b) asabuTebs avtoris mosazrebas, Sexedulebas, koncefcias, moqalaqeobrivi

da sazogadoebrivi Tvalsazrisis gamomxatvel pozicias;

 – 137 –

g) uzrunvelyofs Jurnalistis, publicistis mier winaswar gansazRvruli

saTanado emocia-gancdis gamowvevas, ganapirobebs ganwyobas, riTac sazogadoeb-

rivi azris formirebis garkveuli wanamZRvari faqtoris daniSnulebas iZens.

V. statia miznad isaxavs mkiTxveli sazogadoebriv WeSmarit Rirebulebebsa

da normativebs aziaros, mimdinare sazogadoebriv-politikur da sxva proce-

sebSi gaarkvios. am rTuli amocanis gadawyveta dasabuTeba-damtkicebis, darwmu-

nebis saSualebebiTaa SesaZlebeli. argumentebi statiis `aqtiuri“ Sinaarsobrivi

elementebia, xolo argumentacia _ misi umTavresi niSani. statiaSi ZiriTadad

dasabuTebis Semdegi saxeebia gamoyenebuli: faqtobrivi magaliTebi, statisti-

kuri monacemebi, dokumenturi masala, axsna-ganmarteba, citireba, istoriuli

eqskursi, epizodi mxatvruli nawarmoebidan, Jurnalistis pozicia da sxv.

VI. statiis STambeWdaobas misi Sinaarsisa da formis erTianoba ganapiro-

bebs. Janris WeSmarit publicistur Rirebulebas sxva komponentebTan erTad kom-

poziciuri Taviseburebani gansazRvravs. msjelobis ZiriTadi forma _ deduqcia

_ nawarmoebis arqiteqtonikazec aisaxeba. kompoziciis specifikidan gansakuTre-

bul mniSvnelobas vaniWebT saTauris SerCevas, nawarmoebis dasawyissa da fi-

nals, enasa da stils. mxatvruli xerxebis miznobrivi gamoyeneba mkiTxvelis

dainteresebis, avtoris mier gansazRvruli ganwyobisa da sazogadoebrivi azris

formirebis winapirobaa.

amrigad, sadisertacio naSromSi qarTuli sinamdvilis gaTvaliswinebiT

publicistikis erT-erTi mTavari JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi niSan-

Tvisebebia gaazrebuli. Cven kargad gvesmis amgvari sakiTxis kvlevis siZnele,

rac Tavis mxriv Janris tevadobiTaa ganpirobebuli. statias upirvelesad mkiTx-

velis dakvalianeba, sazogadoebrivi Segnebis formireba ekisreba. am

daniSnulebis sagazeTo publikaciaSi Jurnalisturi ostatobis amouwuravi

xerxebis gamoyenebaa SesaZlebeli. maTi Seswavla-gaanalizeba Cvens samomavlo

gegmad ganvsazRvreT.
 – 138 –

miTiTebuli literatura

1. m. adeiSvili. x. maisaSvili. megona, mefeo, Sen fxizlobdi. gazeTi `7 dRe“,

1994 wlis 15-21 noemberi.

2. m. adeiSvili, a. samadaSvili. umaRlesi ganaTlebis koncefciis zogierTi mi-

marTulebis Sesaxeb. gazeTi `axalgazrda iverieli“, 1991 wlis 18 maisi.

3. g. alxaziSvili. kolegebisa da sakuTari Tavis gasamxneveblad. gazeTi `lite-

raturuli saqarTvelo“, 1996 wlis 8-15 noemberi.

4. m. anasaSvili. Tu qals gadavarCenT, anu paraSuti frenis nacvlad. gazeTi

`saqarTvelos respublika“, 1996 wlis 18 ianvari.

5. a. arabuli. mosazrebani qarTuli enis saskolo kursis daxvewisaTvis. gazeTi

`literaturuli saqarTvelo“, 1997 wlis 30 maisi-6 ivnisi.

 – 139 –

6. g. beJuaSvili. ra eSveleba saSualo fenas? gazeTi `Tbilisi“, 1997 wlis

17 aprili.

7. g. boloTaSvili. saqarTvelo aWaridan iwyeba... gazeTi `Tbilisi“, 1997 wlis

14 agvisto.

8. l. bregvaZe. detalis simbolizacia Jurnalistur nawarmoebSi //Jurnalistikis

Teoriisa da istoriis sakiTxebi. t. IV, Tb., 1975.

9. d. buxrikiZe. patara mocarti, patara salieri... gazeTi `7 dRe“, 1994 wlis

9-15 seqtemberi.

10. i. gabisonia. uferxorco aCrdili. gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika“,

1995 wlis 16 maisi.

11. S. gagoSiZe. Jurnalistikis safuZvlebi. Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba,

Tb., 1996 w.

12. g. gavardaSvili. ra stkiva Tergs da darials? gazeTi `Tbilisi“, 1997 wlis

6 seqtemberi.

13. b. goiSvili. nuTu `xsna sizmaria?“ kargi saqme ar unda daiRupos. gazeTi

`Tbilisi“, 1997 wlis 11 Tebervali.

14. a. griSikaSvili. Tevzma xma rom amoiRos. gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika“,

1995 wlis 6 oqtomberi.

15. n. drozdovi. VITA NUOVE? (fiqrebi citatebiTurT). gazeTi `droni“, 1992 wlis

25 aprili.

16. g. eraZe. inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis arainteleqtualuri damcvelni. gazeTi

`droni“, 1996 wlis 2 agvisto.

17. g. zarnaZe. fasiani gza, fasiani jari da ... Senc Cu da mec Cu!... gazeTi `Tbilisi“,

1997 wlis 8 maisi.

18. g. TvalavaZe. saWiroa Tu ara rusis jari saqarTveloSi? gazeTi `axalgazrda

iverieli“, 1992 wlis 31 oqtomberi.

19. l. TofuriZe. dedaenis geri sityva. gazeTi `Tbilisi“, 1997 wlis 18-20

seqtemberi.
 – 140 –

20. n. kavTuaSvili. mizez-mizez... vagzals mgzavri aklia. gazeTi `Tbilisi“,

1997 wlis 22 maisi.

21. m. kakabaZe. pilate moiTxovs sikvdiliT dasjas. gazeTi `literaturuli

saqarTvelo“, 1996 wlis 20-27 seqtemberi.

22. t. kvanWilaSvili. statia//sabWoTa Jurnalistikis Teoriis sakiTxebi, gamomcem-

loba `ganaTleba“, 1970.

23. s. kilaZe, v. masxulia. kavkasiuri samSvidobo wre. retrospeqtiva da perspeq-

tiva. gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika“, 1996 wlis 18 maisi.

24. T. konjaria. ganaTlebis sistemaSi sruli qaosia. gazeTi `dilis gazeTi“,

1996 wlis 31 agvisto.

25. n. korsantia. ebrZvian `saqwigns“, anadgureben wigns. gazeTi `dilis gazeTi“,

1996 wlis 31 maisi.

26. p. koRuaSvili. Cven Tavsac gamovkvebavT da... sxvasac davexmarebiT. gazeTi

`saqarTvelos respublika“, 1995 wlis 9 noemberi.

27. a. kukulaZe. roca rkinac veRar uZlebs. gazeTi `7 dRe“, 1994 wlis 22-28

aprili.

28. r. lorTqifaniZe. kbili kbilisa wil. gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika“,

1996 wlis 30 noemberi.

29. x. maisaSvili. iracionaluri biujeti irealuri sivrcisaTvis. gazeTi `7 dRe“,

1994 wlis 3-9 dekemberi.

30. m. mestiaSvili. mozardi da danaSauli. gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo“,

1996 wlis 20-27 seqtemberi.

31. z. mrelaSvili. sworxazovani azrovnebidan `veCni kaifamde“. gazeTi `dilis

gazeTi“, 1996 wlis 3 agvisto.

32. i. natroSvili. statia da misi saxeebi //Jurnalistikis Teoriisa da istoriis

sakiTxebi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, 1968.

33. i. natroSvili. statia//sabWoTa Jurnalistikis Teoria da praqtika, nawili

meore, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1978.

 – 141 –

34. n. nikolaZe. enebis swavleba Cvens sasuliero-saswavlo dawesebulebebSi.

Txzulebani, Tb., 1970.

35. n. nikolaZe. Cveni sasuliero wodebis momzadeba. Txzulebani, Tb., 1970.

36. n. nikolaZe. Cveni satyeo meurneoba. Txzulebani, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa

saqarTvelo“, 1964.

37. n. nikolaZe. Cveni naklovanebani. Txzulebani, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarT-

velo“, 1964.

38. a. patariZe. ganaTlebis gadarCena _ qveynis gadarCenaa. gazeTi `literaturu-

li saqarTvelo“, 1996 wlis 28 ivnisi.

39. i. sakandeliZe. matareblebi samoTxidan samoTxeSi ar dadian, anu ramdenime

mosazreba arsebul realobaze. gazeTi `dilis gazeTi“, 1996 wlis 12 ivlisi.

40. s. simoniSvili. gadasaxadebi saxelmwifosaTvis da ara mis winaaRmdeg. gazeTi

`droni“, 1995 wlis 24-27 seqtemberi.

41. m. sturua. Tamar mefis qoSebi. gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo“, 1996 wlis

#11-12.

42. n. tabiZe. ilia WavWavaZis `iveria“. 1877-1885, gamomcemloba `ganaTleba“, Tb.,

1977.

43. n. tabiZe. ilia WavWavaZis publicistika. gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo“,

Tb., 1988.

44. n. tabiZe. Jurnal `iveriis“ statiebi //Jurnalistikis Teoriisa da istoriis

sakiTxebi, t. III, Tb., 1974.

45. n. tabiZe. saTauri gazeTSi //sabWoTa Jurnalistikis Teoria da praqtika, naw. I,

Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1975.

46. l. tuxaSvili. damarcxeba danaSaulia. gazeTi `axalgazrda iverieli“,

1992 wlis 20 Tebervali.

47. d. tyebuCava. publicisturi teqstis Sinaarsobrivi elementebi (funqciur-tipo-

logiuri analizi). Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1997.

48. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni. mesame Sesworebuli da Sevsebuli gamocema, gamom-

cemloba `ganaTleba“, Tb., 1989.

 – 142 –

49. g. farulava. eklis gvirgviniT aRar ivlian. gazeTi `Tbilisi“, 1997 wlis

8 maisi.

50. n. qimeriZe. toponimebi Tvalsa da xels Sua qreba. gazeTi `Tbilisi“, 1997 wlis

1 ivlisi.

51. j. Rvinjilia. vin cxovrobs saqarTveloSi kargad? gazeTi `literaturuli sa-

qarTvelo“, 1997 wlis 26 seqtemberi-3 oqtomberi.

52. j. Rvinjilia. wigns Savi dRe daudga. gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika“,

1996 wlis 1 Tebervali.

53. g. SaiSmelaSvili. sulieri dacemis statistika. gazeTi `literaturuli

saqarTvelo“, 1997 wlis 21-28 marti.

54. T. SaiSmelaSvili. gavuZlebT? gazeTi `Tbilisi“, 1997 wlis 10 ivlisi.

55. n. CexoSvili. curva dinebis sawinaaRmdegod. gazeTi `7 dRe“, 1995 wlis 8-14

aprili.

56. n. CinCalaZe. TurqeTi hess aSenebs, magram... gazeTi `droni“, 1997 wlis 18 de-

kemberi.

57. a. wereTeli. qarTuli Teatri. rCeuli nawarmoebebi xuT tomad, t. V, gamom-

cemloba `saqarTvelo“, Tb., 1990.

58. a. wereTeli. ramodenime sityva qarTuli galobis aRdginebis gamo. rCeuli

nawarmoebebi xuT tomad, t. IV, gamomcemloba `saqarTvelo“, Tb., 1990.

59. a. wereTeli. foladi Tu tals ar moxvda, ise naperwkals ver gahyris! rCeuli

nawarmoebebi xuT tomad. t. IV, gamomcemloba `saqarTvelo“, Tb., 1990.

60. a. wereTeli. saanbano WeSmariteba. rCeuli nawarmoebebi xuT tomad, t. V,

gamomcemloba `saqarTvelo“, Tb., 1990.

61. a. wereTeli. zepirsityvierebis gamo. rCeuli nawarmoebebi xuT tomad, t. V,

gamomcemloba `saqarTvelo“, Tb., 1990.

62. a. wereTeli. Teatris gamo. rCeuli nawarmoebebi xuT tomad, t. V, gamomcem-

loba `saqarTvelo“, Tb., 1990.

63. i. WavWavaZe. qali maswavlebeli. Txz. sr. kreb. aT tomad, t. IV, Tb., 1955.
 – 143 –

64. i. WavWavaZe. pedagogiis safuZvlebi. rCeuli nawarmoebebi xuT tomad, t. IV, ga-

momcemloba `saqarTvelo“, Tb., 1987.

65. i. WavWavaZe. Tavad-aznaurTa uqmobiT Cveni miwa-wylis dakargva. Txz. sr. kreb.

aT tomad, t. VIII, Tb., 1957.

66. i. WavWavaZe. erobis sakiTxi da deputatTa sakrebulo. Txz. sr. kreb. aT tomad,

t. VIII, Tb., 1957.

67. i. WavWavaZe. `iveriis“ winasityvaoba (I). Txz. sr. kreb. aT tomad, t. III, Tb., 1953.

68. i. WavWavaZe. `iveriis“ winasityvaoba (II). Txz. sr. kreb. aT tomad, t. III, Tb., 1953.

69. i. WavWavaZe. `saqarTvelos moambezed“. Txz. sr. kreb. aT tomad, t. III, Tb., 1953.

70. i. WavWavaZe. sazogadoeba SeuZlebel moswavleTa SemweobisaTvis. rCeuli na-

warmoebebi xuT tomad, t. IV, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo“, Tb., 1987.

71. i. WavWavaZe. Tavad-aznaurobis gulgriloba swavla-ganaTlebis saqmeSi.

rCeuli nawarmoebebi xuT tomad, t. IV, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo“,

Tb., 1987.

72. i. WavWavaZe. patara saubari. Txz. sr. kreb. aT tomad, t. III, Tb., 1953.

73. i. WavWavaZe. isev ganaTlebis sakiTxebze. rCeuli nawarmoebebi xuT tomad, t.

IV, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo“, Tb., 1987.

74. i. WavWavaZe. Cveni xalxi da ganaTleba. Txz. sr. kreb. aT tomad, t. IV, Tb., 1955.

75. i. WavWavaZe. saaxalwlod. Txz. sr. kreb. aT tomad, t. III, Tb., 1953.

76. n. xaraziSvili. buterbrodebi `usnikersod“ darCenilTaTvis. gazeTi `qalTa

gazeTi“, 1996 wlis agvisto.

77. n. xaraziSvili. Cveni wili saqarTvelo. gazeTi `qalTa gazeTi“, 1991 wlis ag-

visto.

78. b. xaranauli. cnobierebis rRvevis samsaxurSi. gazeTi `literaturuli

saqarTvelo“, 1997 wlis 24-31 oqtomberi.

79. j. xubuluri. fulad-sakredito `malaria“. gazeTi `Tbilisi“, 1997 wlis 26 ag-

visto.

80. m. jaiani. daucveli mosaxleoba _ araswori socialuri politikis pirmSo.

gazeTi `droni“, 1996 wlis 16-19 ianvari.

 – 144 –

81. m. jaiani. `xelis dabanis“ klasikuri magaliTi. gazeTi `droni“, 1996 wlis 23

aprili.

82. Fdhffvjd L\ Ghjgfufylbcncrfz cnfnmz$$Ufptnyst ;fyhs\ V\= Bpl-dj gjkbnbxtcrjq

kbnthfnehs= 1976\

83. Fuhfyjdcrbq D\ Hflb tlbycndf ckjdf\ :ehyfkbcn j ;ehyfkbcnbrt\ V\= 1978\

84. Fvjcjd Y\ Vjltkbhjdfybt vsiktybz b gcb[brb\ Rbtd= 1965\

85. Fvjcjd Y\ Bcreccndtyysq hfpev\ Rbtd= 1969\

86. Fyfymtd <\ Xtkjdtr rfr ghtlvtn gjpyfybz\ K\= Bpl-dj Ktybyuhflcrjuj eybdthcbntnf= 1969\

87. F[vfyjdf J\ Ckjdfhm kbyudbcnbxtcrb[ nthvbyjd\ V\= 1966\

88. <fk,trjd C\ Yfgbibnt gthtljde. j htajhvt!\\$$ @:ehyfkbcn@= 1967= `10\

89. <fketd <\ Ghj,ktvyfz cnfnmz d ufptnt$$DVE= bcnjhbrj-abkjkjubxtcrfz cthbz= 1959= `1\

90. <trfcjd L\ Cnfnmz$$Ufptnyst ;fyhs\ Bpl-dj gjkbnbxtcrjq kbnthfnehs= V\= 1971\

91. <trfcjd L\ Rjhhtcgjyltywbz= cnfnmz _ ;fyhs ge,kbwbcnbrb\Bpl-dj VUE=1972\

92. <trfcjd L\ Cnfnmz$$:fyhs cjdtncrjq ufptns\ Bpl-dj @DI@= V\= 1972\

93. <heibycrbq F\ Gcb[jkjubz ndjhxtcndf| ytrjnjhst bnjub b gthcgtrnbds $$ @Rjvveybcn@=

1967= `5\

94. Dfhecnby K\ Nfqys ufptnyjq cnhjrb\ Ktybplfn= 1971\

95. Ddtltycrfz K\ "n.ls j vfcnthcndt V\ Cnehef\ Bpl-dj Hjcnjdcrjuj eybdthcbntnf= 1988\

96. Ufptnyst ;fyhs\ V\= 1971\

97. Ufptnyst ;fyhs\ Cdthlkjdcr= 1962\

98. Ujke,td D\ Ghj,ktvyfz cnfnmz d ufptnt $$Ufptnyst ;fyhs\ V\= Bpl-dj gjkbnbxtcrjq

kbnthfnehs= 1976\

99. Ujhbpjyns ge,kbwbcnbrb| Jgsn b ghj,ktvs\ V\= @Vsckm@= 1981\

100. Ujhj[jd D\ Gtkmn D\ Vfcnthcndj ;ehyfkbcnf\ VUE= 1977\

101. Ujhj[jd D\ Jcyjds ;ehyfkbcncrjuj vfcnthcndf\ V\= 1989\

102. Ujhj[jd D\ Pfrjyjvthyjcnb ge,kbwbcnbxtcrjuj ndjhxtcndf\ V\= 1975\

103. Ujhj[jd D\ :ehyfkbcncrjt vfcnthcndj\ Bpl-dj VUE= 1981\

104. Ujhj[jd D\ Ge,kbwbcnbrf b t/ 'aatrnbdyjcnm$$Ujhbpjyns ge,kbwbcnbrb| jgsn b

ghj,ktvs\ V\= @Vsckm@= 1981\

 – 145 –

105. :fyhs cjdtncrjq gtxfnb\ V\= 1972\

106. :blrjd D\ R rjve j,hfotyf gthtljdfz~$$@:ehyfkbcn@\ 1971\

107. :eh,byf T\ Ntjhbz b ghfrnbrf [elj;tcndtyyj-ge,kbwbcnbxtcrb[ ;fyhjd\ V\= 1960\

108. Pljhjdtuf D\ Bcreccndj e,t;lfnm$$Ujhbpjyns ge,kbwbcnbrb| jgsn b ghj,ktvs\ V\=

@Vsckm@= 1981\

109. Pljhjdtuf D\ Ckjdj nj;t tcnm ltkj\ Ytrjnjhst djghjcs ntjhbb ge,kbwbcnbrb\ V\=

@Vsckm@= 1979\

110. Bdfyjdf T\ Htifnm ghj,ktvs c xbnfntktv$$Ujhbpjyns ge,kbwbcnbrb| jgsn b ghj,ktvs\

V\= @Vsckm@= 1981\

111. Btpenjd F\ J, jcyjdys[ nbgf[ bpj,hf;tybz d kbnthfneht cjwbfkbcnbxtcrjuj

htfkbpvf$$@Heccrfz kbnthfnehf@= 1975= `1\

112. Bp kbnthfnehys[ ,tctl c R\ F\ Atlbysv$$@H\ htxm@= 1982= `1\

113. Bkmbxtd K\ Gthtljdfz cnfnmz d ufptnt\ V\= 1948\

114. Bk.iby B\ Cbkf fhuevtynf\ V\= 1983\

115. Rfqlf K\ Rjvgjpbwbz ufptnys[ ;fyhjd b ghj,ktvs vfcnthcndf$$DVE= Cthbz 10=

:ehyfkbcnbrf= 1984= `4\

116. Rfkfxbycrbq F\ Bpextybt cbcntvs fhuevtynfwbb ge,kbwbcnbxtcrb[ ntrcnjd $$Vtnjls

bccktljdfybz ;ehyfkbcnbrb\ Bpl-dj Hjcnjdcrjuj eybdthcbntnf= 1987\

117. Rfynfhjdbx D\ Kbnthfnehf b cjwbfkjubz\ V\= Cjdtncrbq gbcfntkm= 1984\

118. Rfhfctd G\ Bp yf,k.ltybq yfl rjvgjpbwbtq ktybycrb[ cnfntq$$Ghj,ktvs ;fyhjd d

;ehyfkbcnbrt\ Bpl-dj Ktybyuhflcrjuj eybdthcbntnf= 1968\

119. Rjktcjd Y\ Cnfnmz$$:fyhs cjdtncrjq gthbjlbxtcrjq gtxfnb\ V\= 1964\

120. Rjkmwjd V\ Gbcfntkm d ufptnt\ V\= 1961\

121. Rjylfrjd Y\ Kjubxtcrbq ckjdfhm-cghfdjxybr\ V\= 1967\

122. Rjgrby G\ Lbfktrnbrf rfr kjubrf b ntjhbz gjpyfybz\ V\= 1973\

123. Rheukjd F\ Gthtljdfz cnfnmz d ufptnt\ V\= 1955\

124. Rheukjd F\ Gthtljdfz cnfnmz$$Ufptnyst ;fyhs\ V\= 1955\

125. Rehnsyby V\ Yf gthds[ rjkjyrf[ yjvthf$$@Cjdtncrfz gtxfnm@\ 1956= `11\

126. Rexthtyrj F\ Gjxtve jncnftn @gthtljdfz@$$@Ghfdlf@\ 1974= 2\*^^\

 – 146 –

127. Kfpt,ybr V\ Ghfdj ,snm akfuvfyjv$$@:ehyfkbcn@\ 1969= `12\

128. Ktybycrbt nhflbwbb gtxfnb (ghj,ktvs ufptnys[ ;fyhjd)= Cdthlkjdcr= 1974\

129. Kbgjdxtyrj Y\ Jxthr ntjhbb ;ehyfkbcnbrb\ V\= @Vsckm@= 1985\

130. Vfndbtyrj C\ Ge,kbwbcnbxtcrbt j,j,otybz d cnfnmz[ D\B\ Ktybyf$$Bcreccndj

ge,kbwbcnbrb\ Fkvf-Fnf= 1966\

131. Vfheofr >\ Fyfkbnbxtcrbt ;fyhs d cjdhtvtyyjq cjdtncrjq gtxfnb$DVE= Cthbz 10=

:ehyfkbcnbrf\ 1977= `2\

132. Vbiehbc >\ Gtkmn D\ Gthtljdfz cnfnmz$$Ntjhbz b ghfrnbrf gfhnbqyjq b cjdtncrjq

gtxfnb\ Bpl-dj VUE= 1962\

133. Ybrbnby T\ J,]zcytybt-aeyrwbz yferb\ V\= 1970\

134. Gtkmn D\ Ufptnyst ;fyhs yf cnhfybwf[ cjdtncrjq gtxfnb d 1980$$DVE= :ehyfkbcnbrf\

1981= `4\

135. Gtkmn D\ Cnfnmz$$Ntjhbz b ghfrnbrf cjdtncrjq ;ehyfkbcnbrb= Hfpltk ^^^= :fyhs

cjdtncrjq ufptns\ Bpl-dj Vjcrjdcrjuj eybdthcbntnf= 1987\

136. Ghj,ktvs ufptnys[ ;fyhjd\ K\= 1962\

137. Ghj,ktvs ;fyhjd d ;ehyfkbcnbrt\ K\= 1968\

138. Hfrbnjd F\ Cnfnbcnbxtcrfz bynthghtnfwbz afrnf b hjkm cnfnbcnbxtcrb[ vtnjljd d

gjcnhjtybb 'vgbhbxtcrjuj pyfybz$$Ghj,ktvf kjubrb yfexyjuj gjpyfybz\ V\= 1964\

139. Htqydfkml Y\ Gcb[jkjubz kbxyjcnb\ V\= Bpl-dj ELY= 1987\

140. Hjjn F\ Bcnjhbz ;fyhf gthtljdjq cnfnmb\ Bpl-dj Rfpfycrjuj eybdthcbntnf\ 1980\

141. Cjukfybr U\ Zpsr b cnbkm gthtljdjq cnfnmb$$Cnbkbcnbrf ufptnys[ ;fyhjd\ V\= Bpl-

dj Vjcrjdcrjuj eybdthcbntnf= 1981\

142. Cnhtkmwjd <\ Ge,kbwbcnbxyjcnm byajhvfwbjyys[ ;fyhjd\ Vbycr= 1973\

143. Cnhtkmwjd <\ Fyfkbnbxtcrbt ;fyhs\ Vbycr= 1974\

144. Cnhtkmwjd <\ Jcyjds ge,kbwbcnbrb\ :fyhs\ Vbycr= @Eybdthcbntncrjt@= 1990\

145. Nthnsxysq F\ Vtnjls bltjkjubxtcrjq hf,jns ;ehyfkbcnf\ Fhuevtynfwbz d ge,kbwbcnbrt\

Bpl-dj VUE= 1985\

146. Extyjdf D\ Jcyjdyst yfghfdktybz hfphf,jnrb ntjhbb ge,kbwbcnbrb\ Bpl-dj Vjcrjdcrjuj

eybdthcbntnf= 1978\
 – 147 –

147. Extyjdf D\ Ndjhxtcrbt ujhbpjyns ;ehyfkbcnbrb\ Bpl-dj @Vsckm@= V\= 1976\

148. Extyjdf D\ <tctls j ;ehyfkbcnbrt\ V\= 1985\

149. Extyjdf D\ Uyjctjkjubxtcrbt ghj,ktvs ge,kbwbcnbrb\ V\= 1971\

150. Extyjdf D\ Cj,snbt= afrn= bynthghtnfwbz$$DVE= Cthbz *^= :ehyfkbcnbrf= 1967=

`2\

151. Extyjdf D\ Cjdhtvtyyst ntyltywbb hfpdbnbz ;ehyfkbcncrb[ ;fyhjd$$DVE= Cthbz

;ehyfkbcnbrf= 1976= `4\

152. Eibycrbq R\ Xtkjdtr rfr ghtlvtn djcgbnfybz\ Jgsn gtlfujubxtcrjq fynhjgjkjubb\ _ Cjx\=

n\ 9= V\| Bpl-dj FGY HCACH= 1950= n\ ^^^\

153. Abkjcjabz= vtnjljkjubz= yferf\ V\= 1972\

154. Abkjcjacrbq 'ywbrkjgtlbxtcrbq ckjdfhm\ V\= @Cjdtncrfz 'ywbrkjgtlbz@= 1983\

155. {ksyjd Y\= Cnfnmz d ufptnt\ V\= 1955\

156. {ksyjd Y\ Cnfnmz$$:fyhs cjdtncrjq ufptns\ V\= 1959\

157. {ksyjd Y\ Rfr hf,jnfnm yfl cnfnmtq\ V\= EL:= 1960\

158. {jkvjd V\ Jn afrnf r ghj,ktvt (lbyfvbrf ge,kbwbcnbrb d cjdhtvtyyjq ufptnt) $$Dtcnybr

KUE= Cthbz 2= 1989= dsg\ 1 (`2)\

159. {jvtyrj T\ Kjubrf\ V\= 1976\

160. {j[kfxtd D\ Gthtljdfz xbnfntkz$$@:ehyfkbcn@\ 1965= `12\

161. Werfcjd C\ Ghtlbckjdbt r gthtljdjq$$@:ehyfkbcn@\ 1975= `9\

162. Xthtgf[jd V\ J ghbvtnf[ ufptnys[ ;fyhjd$$DVE= Cthbz bcnjhbz-abkjkjubz= 1959= `1\

163. Xthtgf[jd V\ J ntyltywbz[ hfpdbnbz ;fyhjd cjdtncrjq ge,kbwbcnbrb $$DVE= Cthbz 7=

abkjkjubz-;ehyfkbcnbrf= 1964= `1\

164. Xthtgf[jd V\ Ghj,ktvs ntjhbb ge,kbwbcnbrb\ Bpl-dj @Vsckm@= V\= 1973\

165. Xthtgf[jd V\ Hf,jnf yfl jxthrjv\ V\= 1964\

166. Xthtgf[jd V\ Nfbycndf vfcnthcndf ge,kbwbcnf\ V\= @Vsckm@= 1984\

167. Xbrby D\ Jcj,fz vbcbbz ge,kbwbcnbrb$$Ujhbpjyns ge,kbwbcnbrb| Jgsn b ghj,ktvs\

V\= @Vsckm@= 1981\

168. Ifyhlf D\ Gthtljdfz cnfnmz$$Ufptnyst ;fyhs\ Cdthlkjdcr= 1962\

 – 148 –

169. Itcnjdf D\ Ghj,ktvs cdzpyjcnb ntrcnf (yf vfnthbfkt yfexyjq cnfnmb d ufptnt) $$DVE=

Cthbz ;ehyfkbcnbrf\ 1988= `4\

170. Ibirjd F\ Gthtljdfz cnfnmz$$@Cjdtncrfz gtxfnm@\ 1956= `1\

171. Irkjdcrbq D\ Gjdtcnb j ghjpt\ n\ ^^= V\= 1966\

172. Iedfkjdf K\ Pf yfexye. hfphf,jnre ghj,ktvs ufptnys[ ;fyhjd$$Djghjcs gfhnbqyj-cjdtncrjq

gtxfnb\ K\= 1957\

173. Fred Fedler. Reporting for the Print Media. Fourth edition. University of Central Florida.

Copyright 1989 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.

174. Longman. Active study/ Dictionary of English, 1991.

175. Leonard Ray Teel, Ron Taylor. Into the newsroom. An introduction to journalism. Second edi-

tion, 1988.

176. Melvin Mencher. News reporting and writing. Fifth Edition, Columbia University, 1991,

Printed in the United States of America by Wm. C. Brown Publishers.

177. New Webster's Dictionary (of the English language). College Edition Fifth Reprint, 1989.

178. Oxford advanced learners dictionary of current English. Fourth edition, 1989. Chief editor: AP

Cowie, Oxford University Press.

179. The Random House Dictionary of the English language. Second Edition Unabriaged.
 – 149 –

S i n a a r s i

Sesavali .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

I Tavi. statiis Seswavlis mdgomareoba .................................................................................................. 8

II Tavi. statiis sagani da saxeebi ................................................................................................................. 23

$1. statiis sagani ............................................................................................................................................... 23

$2. statiis saxeebi ............................................................................................................................................ 29

III Tavi. msjeloba statiaSi ............................................................................................................................... 47

IV Tavi. faqti statiaSi .......................................................................................................................................... 76

V Tavi. argumentacia _ statiis umTavresi niSani ...................................................................... 91

VI Tavi. statiis kompoziciuri Taviseburebani ........................................................................... 118

daskvna .................................................................................................................................................................................... 132

miTiTebuli literatura .................................................................................................................................... 137