politika

civi omis
dasrulebis xelidan gaSvebuli Sansi vasil kaWarava
1959 wlis 27 maiss, saxelmwifo mdivan jon foster dalesis gardacvalebis Semdeg, aSS-is
prezident duait eizenahuers aRar darCa saerTaSoriso sakiTxebSi am rangisa da gavlenis moR-
vawe. dalesis memkvidre, misi moadgile qristian a. herteri SedarebiT susti da naklebad mniSv-
nelovani figura iyo da eizenhauerma gadawyvita, Tavad waremarTa sagareo politika da ufro
aqtiuri nabijebi gadaedga civi omis yinulis gasalRobad.
sabWoTa kavSir-amerikis urTierTobis gamosworebisaken mimarTuli erT-erTi mniSvnelo-
vani movlena iyo 1959 wels sabWoTa gamofenis gaxsna niu-iorkSi, xolo amerikuli gamofenisa –
moskovSi.

moskovSi gamofenis gaxsnis ceremonias amerikis vice-prezidenti riCard niqsoni meuRles-

Tan erTad eswreboda. meore msoflio omis Semdeg es iyo aseTi maRali donis amerikeli moxelis
pirveli viziti sabWoTa kavSirSi (Tu ar CavTvliT, rom omis dros, 1945 wels, ialtis konferen-
cias ruzvelti daeswro), rasac, savaraudod, xruSCovisa da eizenhaueris Sexvedrac unda moh-
yoloda.
Tavis memuarebSi niqsoni ixsenebda, rom am vizitisaTvis safuZvlianad moemzada. `sabWoTa
kavSirze da mis xalxze yvelaferi wavikiTxe, razec ki xeli mimiwvdeboda da rodesac 1959 wlis
22 ivliss moskovSi gavemgzavre, mzad viyavi sabWoTa kavSir-amerikis urTierTobasTan dakavSi-
rebul as Temaze mainc mesaubra~.

44

jon foster dalesi
(1888-1959)
niqsonis vizits win uZRoda kongresis
tradiciuli, yovelwliuri rezolucia
datyvevebuli erebis Sesaxeb, romelic,
pirvel rigSi, sabWoTa kavSiris moqmedebas
akritikebda aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi.
xruSCovma es faqti niqsonze zewolisaTvis
gamoiyena da Sexvedrisas, Cveuli utaqto-
biT, am gadawyvetilebas suleluri da saSi-
Si uwoda. `ar mesmis, ratom miiRo kongresma
es gadawyvetileba aseTi mniSvnelovani sa-
xelmwifo vizitis win!~ – xruSCovs ver war-
moedgina, rom sakanonmdeblo organos SeeZ-
lo sxvagvarad emoqmeda da yvelaferi ar Se-
eTanxmebina qveynis aRmasrulebel lider-
Tan. amasTan dakavSirebiT man xalxuri anda-
zac ki gaixsena: `iq ar unda moisaqmo, sadac
Wamo~, mere esec ar ikmara da ganacxada: es
rezolucia ise yars, rogorc cxenis axali
funa, amaze uaresad ki araferi yarso.
amis Taobaze niqsoni Tavis memuarebSi
werda: `gamaxsenda, rom xruSCovi axalgazr-
dobaSi meRored muSaobda. isic gamaxsenda,
rom mamaCemi miwis gasanoyiereblad cxenis
funas iyenebda, magram erTxel mezobelma
Tavisi nakveTi Roris skoriT dafara, rasac
saSineli suni asdioda. amitomac Sevxede
xruSCovs TvalebSi da vuTxari: `vSiSob, rom
premieri cdeba. arsebobs kidev raRac, rac
uaresad yars, es aris Roris skore~. roca
gadauTargmnes, xruSCovs saxe daeZaba, gab-
razda, magram uceb gaiRima da Tqva, rom
marTali viyavi da maSinve sxva Temaze gada-
vida~.
civi omi
`datyvevebuli erebi~ – termini, romliTac
aSS-Si zogjer moixsenieben arademokratiul
reJimSi moqceul erebs. damkvidrda civi omis
dros da xSirad gamoiyeneboda komunistur
mmarTvelobaSi (pirvel rigSi, sabWoTa) myofi
erebis aRsaniSnad.
nikita xruSCovi da riCard niqsoni
moskovSi amerikul gamofenaze
saqveynodaa cnobili xruSCovisa da niq-
sonis kamaTi gamofenis gaxsnisas, rodesac
isini erTmaneTs sakuTari politikuri sis-
temis upiratesobas umtkicebdnen. xruS-
Covs, Turme, aSS-is gamofenis Semxedvares,
aseTi ram uTqvams: `es aris yvelaferi, ra-
sac Tqven miaRwieT am 180 wlis manZilze.
Cven mxolod 42 welia varsebobT da Semdeg 7
weliwadSi amerikis doneze viqnebiT, gasw-
rebisas ki xelsac dagiqnevT~. Tan sabWoTa
muSebze miuTiTebia da ukiTxavs: `gana eseni
arian mona mSromelebi?~
niqsons, Tavis mxriv, TanamSromlobis
aucileblobaze uTqvams: rogorc amerike-
li da sabWoTa muSebi TanamSromlobdnen am
gamofenis mowyobisas, sxvaganac aseve war-
matebiT viTanamSromlebTo. mTavaria, ide-
ebis gacvlis ar geSinodeT, miT umetes, rom
Tqven yvelaferi ar iciT Cven Sesaxebo. ama-
ze gabrazebul xruSCovs ki sakmaod xmamaR-
la da uxeSad ganucxadebia: `SeiZleba me ra-
Rac ar vicode, magram Tqven saerTod ara-
feri iciT komunizmis Sesaxeb, garda imisa,
rom geSiniaT misi!~
45
 politika
sabWoTa moqalaqeebs televi-
zorebis zomiTa da mravalfe-
rvnebiT akvirveben
niqsonisa da xruSCovis dava sayofac-
xovrebo teqnikis pavilionSi gagrZelebu-
la: xruSCovi Turme ambobda, sjobs sarec-
xis manqanis erTi modeli arsebobdes, vidre
mravalio, razec niqsons upasuxia, rom nam-
dvilad sjobda sxvadasxva saxis sarecx man-
qanebze dava, vidre raketebze. am sityvebs
xruSCovi Zalian gaubrazebia da niqsonisT-
vis uyviria: `Tqveni generlebi amboben, ra-
ketebSi unda SevejibroT da Tqven iseTi
Zlieri raketebi gaqvT, rom gagvanadgu-
rebT, magram Cvenc SegviZlia iseTi ram gaC-
venoT, rac rusuli sulis Zlierebas gamo-
xatavs. Cven Zlierebi varT da SegviZlia da-
gamarcxoT~. amaze amerikis vice-prezi-
dents mSvidad aRuniSnavs, rom ultimatu-
mebis ena aravis gamoadgeboda da omis SemTx-
vevaSi orive mxare wagebuli darCeboda.
xruSCovs daTmoba ar undoda, `Tu Tqven da-
muqrebas apirebT, muqaraze muqariTve gipa-
suxebT~, – iqadneboda, Tumca, sabolood,
ucdia saubris mSvidobianad dasruleba da
uTqvams: `Cven mSvidoba gvinda yvelasTan da,
gansakuTrebiT, amerikasTan~, rasac niqso-
nic daTanxmebia da aRuniSnavs, rom amerika-
sac igive surda.
`gulaxdili~ saubrebi Semdeg dReebSic
gagrZelebula. xruSCovi yveboda, rom sab-
WoTa kavSiri mTavar aqcents ara bombdam-
Senebze, aramed raketebze akeTebda, vinai-
dan raketebi ufro zusti iaraRi iyo, nakle-
bi mfrinavi ewireboda da nakleb emocias iw-
vevda. wyalqveSa navebze ki uTqvams: imdens
avagebT, ramdensac SevZlebTo.
46
ori qveynis liderebi saerTaSoriso po-
litikis Temebsac Sehxebian da prokomunis-
turi reJimebis mxardaWerazec usaubriaT.
xruSCovi miiCnevda, rom Tu kapitalistebi
zogierT qveyanaSi mSvidobianad ar daTmob-
dnen Zalauflebas, maSin Zalis gamoyeneba
iqneboda saWiro. amaze niqsons upasuxia,
rom Tu sabWoeTi yvelgan daexmareboda as-
eT revoluciebs, viTareba SeiZleba kont-
rolidan gamosuliyo. `Tqven migaCniaT, rom
amerika mudam mtyuania, sabWoTa kavSirs ki
arasodes araferi eSleba. aseTi gziT mSvi-
doba ver damyardeba~, – ganucxadebia niq-
sons. paralelurad, niqsoni xruSCovisa da
eizenhaueris momaval Sexvedrazec muSaob-
da da molaparakebebs awarmoebda.
marTlac, 1959 wlis 15 seqtembers niki-
ta xruSCovi amerikaSi Cavida da iq 27 seqtem-
bramde darCa. eizenhauers undoda, rom
xruSCovis viziti mxolod 2-3 dRes gagr-
Zelebuliyo, magram xruSCovma 10-dRiani
stumroba moiwyo. roca prezidents hkiT-
xes, ra undoda mas, rom xruSCovs enaxa ame-
rikaSi, pirvel rigSi leviTaunebi daasaxe-
la – `naxos, Tu rogor cxovroben muSebi. ag-
reTve minda Cems mSobliur qalaq abelinSi
Cavides, sadac mTeli axalgazrdoba Tavau-
Reblad vmuSaobdi. saerTod, naxos Tavis-
ufali da bednieri xalxi!~
amerikis kongresSi erTi ambavi amtyda-
ra, roca warmoidgines, rom SeiZleboda `wi-
Teli bosi~ kongresis orive palatis gaer-
 civi omi

1947 wels vinme uiliam levitma, samxedro-sazRvao flotisTvis SemuSavebuli iafi asawyobi saxlebis teq-
nologiis gamoyenebiT, manhetenidan 30 miliT daSorebul koni-ailendze swrafad aaSena 4 aTasi saxli da
omis axalgazrda veteranebs miaqirava, romlebsac surdaT qalaqebis gadatvirTuli centraluri raione-
bis datoveba da mSoblebisgan gancalkevebiT cxovreba. 1951 wlisTvis es dasaxleba, romelsac sakuTari
saxelis ukvdavsayofad uiliam levitma leviTauni Searqva, ukve 17 aTasi saxlisagan Sedgeboda. male le-
vitma kidev ori aseTi qalaqi aaSena.

Tianebul sxdomaze gamosuliyo. warmomadgenelTa palatis umravlesobis lideri imdenad an-

erviulebula, rom gadadgomazec ki alaparakebula. konservatorTa axalgazrda ideologi ui-
liam bakli ki Turme mdinare hudsonis wiTeli saRebaviT SeRebvas – `sisxlis mdinared~ qcevas –
apirebda, rom simbolurad gamoexata komunisturi danaSaulebi.
xruSCovi, marTalia, ewvia kongress, magram mxolod senatorTa jgufs Sexvda da maT SekiTx-
vebs sabWoTa propagandis saukeTeso tradiciebisamebr upasuxa. rodesac mas aRmosavleT ev-
ropis qveynebsa da, gansakuTrebiT ki, gdr-ze hkiTxes, uTqvams, rom mas ar exeboda, radgan mxo-
lod sabWoTa kavSirs warmoadgenda – maT problemebze maTve hkiTxeTo. daaxloebiT aseve lapa-
rakobs putini, rodesac mas afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis okupaciaze ekiTxebian – etyoba,
visi memkvidrec aris.

Tavad prezidenti eizenhaueri fiqrobda, rom yvela Sansi unda gamoeyenebina samSvidobo in-
iciativebisTvis. `Cven dRes adamianTa modgmaze vlaparakobT, Tu ra SeiZleba mas mouvides.… om-
is samzadisze weliwadSi 41 miliard dolars vxarjavT, amitomac nebismieri prezidenti, rome-
lic ar gamoiyenebs Tavisi prestiJis an energiis ukanasknel atoms, rom es uzomo xarjebi aici-
los, amerikeli xalxis gakicxvis Rirsi iqneba~, – ambobda igi. saerTod, eizenhauers swamda, rom
III msoflio omis mogebis erTaderTi saSuale-
ba am omis Tavidan acileba iyo.

nikita xruSCovi da xruSCovs amerikaSi sapatio Sexvedra mo-

duait eizenhaueri uwyes. aeroportSi Tavad eizenhaueri daxv-
da, maT manqanebs vaSingtonSi sapatio samxed-
ro eskorti acilebda, mTeli dedaqalaqi qu-
CaSi iyo gamofenili.

pirvelive Sexvedraze orive li-

deri mSvidobaze alaparakda. aikma
(ase uwodebdnen eizenhauers) xazgas-
miT aRniSna, rom xruSCovs hqonda San-
si istoriaSi Sesuliyo, rogorc yve-
la drois udidesi saxelmwifo moRva-
we, Tuki mas daexmareboda civi omis
dasrulebaSi.

47
 politika
Sirli makleini da nikita xruSCovi
nikita xruSCovi hoT-dogiT
merilin monro xruSCovis pativsacemad
gamarTul lanCze
48
xruSCovma eizenhauers saCuqrad sabWoe-
Tis bolodroindeli kosmosuri warmate-
bis – sabWoTa xelovnuri Tanamgzavris mier
mTvareze datovebuli vimpelis asli aCuqa.
aseTi saCuqari sabWoeTis Zalis kidev erTi
demonstrireba iyo.
rogorc kerZo, ise sazogadoebriv Sex-
vedrebze xruSCovi warmoudgenlad bevrs
trabaxobda da usafuZvlo gancxadebebs ak-
eTebda. magaliTad, Camosvlis pirvelsave
dRes, mis pativsacemad gamarTul wveuleba-
ze, eizenhauers sapasuxo sadRegrZeloSi
aseTi ram uTxra: `marTalia, dRes Tqven
Cvenze mdidrebi xarT, magram xval Cven
TqvensaviT gavmdidrdebiT, zeg ki Tqvenze
mdidrebi viqnebiT!~
qalaq pitsburgSi gamarTul Sexvedraze
xruSCovma ganacxada: `RmerTma uwyis, ra
gansxvavebaa Tqvens partiebs Soris, Tqven
TviTon gaerkvieT amaSi. Cemi azriT, maT So-
ris araviTari gansxvaveba ar aris… Cveni erTi
komunisturi partia Tqvens ors sjobs~. Tu
sabWoTa Jurnalistebi xruSCovis nebismier
qcevasa da gamonaTqvamSi genialobis marc-
vals eZiebdnen, sensaciebis moyvaruli ame-
rikuli presa Zalze erToboda xruSCovis am
ucnaurobebiT.
vizitisas yvelaze mTavari iyo kemp-de-
vidSi, uSualod or liders Soris gamarTu-
li molaparakeba. TviT eizenhaueri sasia-
movnod iyo gakvirvebuli vizitis bolo
dReebiT da xruSCovi kemp-devidis maxlob-
lad mdebare Tavis fermaSic ki gadaafrina,
sadac Tavisi vaJiSvilis, devidis, meuRle
da Svilebi gaacno. xruSCovma eizenhaueris
SviliSvilebi sabWoTa kavSirSi miiwvia, ra-
sac maTi babuis dapatiJebac mohyva – 1960
wlis gazafxulze SeTanxmdnen. rogorc
Cans, aiki marTlac raRac monstrs elode-
boda da moewona xruSCovis mcdeloba, me-
gobruli yofiliyo. igi `mSvidobiani komp-
romisebis momxred gamoiyureboda“, – ixse-
nebda eizenhaueri.
kemp-devidis Sexvedrebis Semdeg gamoq-
veynebul komunikeSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom
prezidentebs Soris gaimarTa gulaxdili
saubari da imedi gamoiTqva, rom azrTa gacv-
la xels Seuwyobda erTmaneTis poziciebis
ukeT gagebas da, Sesabamisad, xangrZlivi
mSvidobis miRwevas. orive lideris azriT,
Tanamedrove samyaroSi umTavresi iyo gania-
raRebis problema da orive mxare ecdeboda
konstruqciuli gadawyvetilebis miRwevas.
germaniis problemebs rac Seexeba, mxolod
 civi omi

maTi ganxilviTa da poziciebis dafiqsire-
biT Semoifarglnen. orive mxarem aRiara,
rom yvela umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxi ara Za-
lis, aramed mSvidobiani molaparakebis meS-
veobiT unda gadawyvetiliyo. uSualod or-
mxriv urTierTobebze iTqva, rom or qveya-
nas Soris vaWrobis ganviTarebis sakiTxi ga-
nixiles, agreTve SeTanxmdnen gacvliT
programebze.
rogorc vxedavT, konkretuli SeTanxme-
bebi sakmaod umniSvnelo iyo da seriozuli
SeTanxmeba ki vercerT sakamaTo saerTaSo-
riso sakiTxze ver moxerxda. samagierod,
sagrZnoblad Semcirda daZabuloba or qve-
yanas Soris. udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda as-
eTi Zalauflebis mqone ori lideris mSvi-
dobismoyvare ritorikas, TanamSromlobis
survilsa da maT Soris piradi kontaqtis
damyarebas. `vaSington posti~ TiTqosda ma-
Ti piradi megobrobis dasawyiszec alapa-
rakda, rac erTi wliT adre sruliad war-
moudgeneli iqneboda. aseTi gansxvavebuli
adamianebis megobrobaze saubari, albaT, ga-
daWarbebuli iyo, magram ori mtruli sa-
xelmwifos lideris pirad megobrobaze sau-
bari mainc gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani
faqti iyo.
rac mTavaria, orivem gaacnobiera da aR-
iara atomuri omis uperspeqtivoba, rogorc
katastrofa sakuTari qveynebisa Tu mTeli
planetisTvis. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT or ba-
naks Soris arsebul daZabulobas, es udavod
didi miRweva iyo. Tavis mxriv, xruSCovmac
dapatiJa eizenhauerebis mTeli ojaxi da
prezidenti gaexumra kidec, imdeni Camo-
valT, veRar agvixvalT eizenhauerebso. aSS-
is prezidents imedi hqonda, rom am viziti-
dan atomuri iaraRis gamocdis akrZalvis
xelSekruleba darCeboda da piradad daas-
rulebda civ oms, rasac Tavisi prezidento-
bis mTavar misiad miiCnevda.
am molaparakebebs eizenhauerma araerT-
xel uwoda yinulis galRobis dasawyisi. da
marTlac, misi popularoba, romelic `sput-
nikis~ Semdeg 49 procentamde iyo dacemuli,
xruSCovis vizitis Semdeg kvlav gaizarda
da 66 procents miaRwia. aRsaniSnavia, rom am
vizits sabWoTa kavSirSic udidesi mniSvne-
loba mianiWes.

pauersi gafrenis win reportaJi pauersis sasamarTlodan

1957 wlis 4 oqtombers sabWoTa xelovnuri Tanamgzavris, e.w. `sputnikis~ gasvla dedamiwis orbitaze ame-
rikisTvis Sokis momgvreli aRmoCnda da seriozuli safrTxe Seuqmna qveynis usafrTxoebas. `sputnikis~
samecniero eqsperimentma daadastura, rom SeiZleboda sabWoTa raketis, maT Soris, wyalbadis iaraRiT
aRWurvilis, planetis nebismier wertilSi gaSveba. amerikis bunebrivma strategiulma zRudeebma, wynari
da atlantis okeaneebis saxiT, dakarga TavdacviTi funqcia. manamde amerikelebi darwmunebuli iyvnen Ta-
vianT usafrTxoebasa da samecniero winsvlaSi, rogorc qveyana, romelsac msoflioSi saukeTeso univer-
sitetebi da samecniero-kvleviTi centrebi hqonda. sjerodaT, rom maTi saraketo programa win uswrebda
CamorCenil ruseTs. sabWoTa mecnierebisa da mrewvelobis am warmatebam ki saqme sxvadgvarad warmoaCina
da or sistemas Soris gaCaRebul SejibrSi aSkarad gamoikveTa amerikis susti mxare. zogierTma am movle-
nas `teqnologiuri perl-harboric~ ki uwoda.

49
 politika

samwuxarod, am dadebiTi tendenciebis

Semdgom ganviTarebas udidesi ziani miayena
amerikuli mzveravi TviTmfrinavis – U-2-is
ambavma. rac kidev erTxel adasturebs cal-
keuli, zogjer SemTxveviTi, faqtebis ze-
moqmedebas udidesi mniSvnelobis movle-
nebze.

jer kidev 1956 wlidan amerikuli mzve-

ravi TviTmfrinavebi regularulad dafri-
navdnen sabWoTa kavSiris sahaero sivrceSi,
magram frenis simaRle imdenad didi iyo,
rom sabWoTa sazenito danadgarebi ver
swvdebodnen maT da verc am faqts amtkiceb-
dnen. parizSi dagegmil Sexvedramde 6 TviT
adre eizenhauerma am frenebis Sewyveta mo-
iTxova, magram dazvervam da Tavdacvis sami-
nistrom daarwmunes, rom ar Seewyvita es op-
eracia, miT umetes, rom – safrTxis SemTxve-
vaSi TviTmfrinavica da pilotic ganadgur-
debodnen, Sesabamisad, arc mowme iqneboda
da arc faqti. SeTanxmdnen, rom or ukanask-
nel gafrenas Caatarebdnen, raTa sabWoTa
kavSirSi mSenebare axali samxedro bazis Se- Jurnal TIME-is garekani, eZRvneba
1960 wlis parizis didi oTxeulis samits
saxeb mniSvnelovani informacia mieRoT da
prezidentmac piradad darTo amis neba. ro-
ca 1960 wlis 1 maiss, anu xruSCovisa da ei-
zenhaueris `daZmobilebidan~ 8 Tvis Semdeg, Sesaxeb. sabWoTa sasamarTlom mas 10 weli
sabWoTa raketam es mzveravi TviTmfrinavi miusaja, magram male igi datyvevebul sab-
Camoagdo, amerikelebma gamoacxades, rom es WoTa mzveravebSi gacvales.
mxolod da mxolod amindis Semswavleli
8 maiss xruSCovma pauersis Sesaxeb gaa-
TviTmfrinavi iyo, romelsac gza aebna. ame-
keTa gancxadeba da amerikelebs sabWoTa kav-
rikelebma ar icodnen, rom TviTmfrinavis
Siris sahaero sivrcis darRvevasa da cru
piloti pauersi paraSutiT gadmoxta da ga-
axsna-ganmartebebSi dasdo brali, rac, ame-
darCa, xolo rodesac igi sabWoTa jariska-
rikelTaTvis samwuxarod, absoluturad
cebma daakaves, yvelaferi Tqva Tavisi misiis
Seesabameboda sinamdviles. piradad eizen-

50
 civi omi

denti, aseve axali saxelmwifo mdivani ima-

sac gulisxmobdnen, rom aseTi frenebi
kvlavac gagrZeldeboda.

zogierTi eqsperti miiCnevs, rom am

movlenam SeaCera civi omis dasasruli. ei-
zenhaueric nanobda – ori weli mivdiodi
amisaken da TviTmfrinavis sulelurma is-
toriam CaSala es dazavebao.
am viTarebaSi, 1960 wlis maisSi parizSi
umaRlesi donis didi oTxeulis Sexvedra
gansakuTrebuli dramatizmiT warimarTa.
Sexvedraze unda gadawyvetiliyo ganiara-
Rebisa da berlinis problema, magram xruS-
Covma molaparakebebis winapirobad ameri-
kul mxares mosTxova bodiSis moxda, am fre-
nebis organizatorTa dasja da dapireba,
rom amerika arasodes daarRvevda sabWoTa
kavSiris suverenitets. rodesac es eizenha-
uerma gaigo, miiCnia, rom xruSCovs Sexved-
ris CaSla surda da Sexvedris win amerikuli
SeiaraRebuli Zalebi samxedro mzadyofna-
nikita xruSCovi da Sarl de goli
parizis samitze Si moiyvana. Sexvedris dawyebisTanave xruS-
Covma sityva moiTxova da Tavisi braldebebi
wamoayena, rac gascda oficialuri proto-
hauerTan sabolood rom ar gaefuWebina ur- kolis stils. man aRniSna, rom mas uRalata
TierToba, xruSCovma isic ganacxada, rom
albaT amerikis prezidentma ar icoda amis
Sesaxeb da es samxedroebis damoukidebeli Sarl de goli
qmedeba iyoo. magram eizenhauerma simarTle (1890-1970)
ar damala da sakuTar Tavze aiRo mTeli pa-
suxismgebloba.
1960 wlis 11 maiss gamarTul preskonfe-
renciaze eizenhauerma daadastura saxelm-
wifo departamentis aRiareba momxdar
faqtTan dakavSirebiT da ganacxada, rom es
iyo dazvervisaTvis aucilebeli qmedeba.
`aravis unda axali perl harbori. es ki niS-
navs, rom Cven sruli informacia unda
gvqondes msoflioSi arsebuli samxedro Za-
lebisa da mzadebis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT
ki, maT Sesaxeb, visganac marTlac SesaZlebe-
lia moulodneli masirebuli dartyma. gasa-
idumloebis suliskveTeba sabWoTa kavSirSi
imdenad didia, rom, demokratiuli qveynebi-
sagan gansxvavebiT, iq marTlac SesaZlebe-
lia aseTi masirebuli dartymis saidumlod
momzadeba. es ki dazvervis operaciebis gan-
sakuTrebul gasaidumloebas moiTxovs da,
bunebrivia, Cveni Cveulebrivi struqturebi
ar arian informirebuli amis Sesaxeb. es
arcTu lamazi, magram sasicocxlo auci-
leblobaa~. am gancxadebebSi rogorc prezi-

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 politika

adamianma, romelsac igi megobrad miiCnevda da aRniSna, rom sabWoTa xalxi veRar miiwvevda mas
stumrad da viziti unda gadadebuliyo. eizenhaueri WarxaliviT gawiTlda da Zlivs Seikava Ta-
vi. man upasuxa, rom U-2-is frenebi ki Sewydeboda, magram saWiro iyo gaeros egidiT `Ria cis~
proeqtis ganxorcieleba. makmilanmac urCia xruSCovs, ufro realisti yofiliyo, miT umetes,
rom dazvervas yvela qveyana awarmoebda. Sarl de goli ufro mkvaxe aRmoCnda da Seaxsena xruS-
Covs, rom uaxlesi sabWoTa Tanamgzavri yoveldRe da mravaljer dafrinavda safrangeTis Tav-
ze, Tanac, Tu xruSCovi ar apirebda molaparakebebs, ratom Camoiyvana es liderebi am Sexvedra-
ze. magram xruSCovma araviTari argumenti ar miiRo da meore dRes Semdeg sxdomas ubralod aR-
arc daswrebia.

eizenhaueric Zalian gabrazebuli yofila da axloblebSi raRa ar uwodebia xruSCovisTvis.

Tumca misi oficialuri gancxadeba, 16 maisiT daTariRebuli, bunebrivia, sruliad sxva stili-
sa iyo: man sinanuli gamoTqva, rom seriozuli molaparakebebis nacvlad, es umniSvnelovanesi
Sexvedra propagandistuli miznebisTvis gamoiyenes – Cven gacilebiT seriozuli da mravali
mizani gvaqvs am konferenciaze da sawyenia, rom xruSCovi moskovidan parizSi am konferenciis
sabotaJisTvis Camovidao.
samSobloSi dabrunebul eizenhauers triumfi eloda. rogorc `Cikago tribuni~ werda, mas
amerikaSi, rogorc gmirs, ise daxvdnen da 1957 wlis Semdeg es iyo xalxis yvelaze didi raodeno-
ba, romelic mis misasalmeblad gamovida.

es yvelaferi dasturi iyo, rom amerikelTa mniSvnelovani nawili iwonebda konferenciaze

sakuTari prezidentis qmedebas. gelapis gamokiTxvebSic misma popularobam 4 procentiT aiwia
da sakmaod solidur – 58 procents miaRwia. telegamosvlaSi umaRlesi Sexvedris CaSlaSi man
brali xruSCovs dasdo da sabWoeTis mier U-2-is incidentis gamZafreba TvalTmaqcobad
Seafasa. isic dasZina, rom sabWoTa agentebi mudam cdilobdnen amerikis samxedro potencialis

ronald reigani da mixeil gorbaCovi moskovSi, wiTel moedanze

52
 civi omi

dazvervas. kidev erTxel xazi gausva, rom swori gadawyvetileba iyo frenebis gagrZeleba, Tun-
dac parizis Sexvedris win, da perl harboric gaixsena – rodesac iaponelebi amerikasTan mola-
parakebebis paralelurad Tavdasxmas amzadebdnen da aRniSna – ase rom, movaleni varT, mudam
fxizlad viyoTo.
amrigad, civi omi dasrulda ara 1960, aramed 1988 wels, wiTel moedanze ronald reiganis
cnobili gancxadebis Sedegad (1988 wlis 31 maiss, rodesac Zalze karg ganwyobaze myofi reigani
gorbaCovTan erTad miseirnobda wiTel moedanze da moskovelebs xvdeboda, cnobilma ameri-
kelma Jurnalistma sam donaldsonma hkiTxa aSS-is prezidents, kidev miiCnevT sabWoTa kavSirs
borotebis imperiado. reiganma upasuxa: `ara, me vlaparakobdi sxva drois Sesaxeb, sxva epoqis
Sesaxeb~). Tumca, rasakvirvelia, es TariRic pirobiTi da simboluria da, realurad, civi omi
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, 1991 wels, dasrulda.

isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom 1960 wels civi omis dasruleba marto am ori mTavari moqmedi
piris neba-survilze ar iyo damokidebuli. maT ukan didi gavlenis politikuri Zalebi idgnen,
romelTac ar undodaT daZabulobis aseTi swrafi Semcireba, danarCen msoflioSi ZalTa gan-
lagebac sakmaod rTuli iyo da komunizmis ideas jer kidev mravali momxre hyavda. amasTan, isic
faqtia, rom urTierTobis radikaluri gaumjobeseba namdvilad iyo SesaZlebeli da iqneb arc
1962 wlis karibis saraketo krizisi momxdariyo, romelmac msoflio lamis mesame msoflio omis
dawyebis winaSe daayena. sxvaTa Soris, 1964 wels xruSCovis gadayenebis erT-erTi mizezi isic
iyo, rom, sabWoTa liderebis azriT, am krizisis dros man sisuste gamoamJRavna da ar unda daeT-
mo kenedisTvis.
asea Tu ise, 1960 wels eizenhaueris viziti sabWoTa kavSirSi ar gaimarTa da aSS-is pirveli
prezidenti, romelic moskovSi Cavida, sworedac rom vice-prezidentis rangSi ukve namyofi ri-
Card niqsoni iyo, xolo civi omis dasrulebis pativi ukve, gacilebiT gvian, ronald reigans
xvda wilad.

53