oTar qvriviSvili

kolxuri
runebi

gamomcemloba `nekeri~
2016
 gamokvleva miznad isaxavs aCvenos, rom Zveli kolxe­
Tis kultura uZvelesi mowinave civilizaciis ganuyofel
nawils warmoadgenda. igi organulad iyo CarTuli zogad­
sakacobrio evoluciis uwyvet nakadSi da masSi mniSvnelo­
van rols TamaSobda. amis garda, naCvenebi iqneba, rom Zvel
kolxeTSi kargad ganviTarebuli runuli niSnebis sistema
arsebobda. kolxeTis arqeologiur masalaSi _ kolxur
keramikaze, samkaulebze, liTonis ia­raRebze da sxvadasxva
ritualur nakeTobebze gamosaxu­li calkeuli grafikuli
niSnebi swored is magiuri ga­mosa­xulebebia, romlebsac Zve­
li kolxebi sulier samyarosTan urTierTobis garkveul
formad iyenebdnen. argonavtikis periodSi runebi brZo­
lis RmerTis kultTan erTad kolxeTidan dasavleTiT,
evropis kontinentze gavrcelda. mogvianebiT swored es
magiuri niSnebi daedo safuZ­vlad evropuli runuli dam­
werlobis Camoyalibebas.
naSromSi gatarebulia paralelebi kolxur runebsa
da uZvelesi anbanuri damwerlobis niSnebs Soris da sau­
baria maT Soris arsebul SesaZlo kavSirebze.
naSromi popularul enazea dawerili da gankuTvni­
lia mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvis.

dakabadoneba da ydis dizaini giorgi bagrationisa

saavtoro ufleba © oTar qvriviSvili, 2016

yvela ufleba daculia

meore qarTuli gamocema 2016

gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2016

ISBN 978-9941-457-54-8
 s a rCe v i

argonavtebis devna. kolxuri kolonia evropaSi . . . . . . 5

druidebi, odini, runebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
hermesuli kulti kolxeTSi .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
evropuli runebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
runebis adgili damwerlobis istoriaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Zveli qarTuli damwerlobis niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Zveli kolxuri damwerloba — kirbebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
kolxuri runebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
runebis grafika .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
ornamentebi da runebi.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
runebis naSTebi Tanamedrove epoqaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
SeniSvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

_3_
 a r gona v t e bi s devna.
k o lxu ri k ol oni a e vropaS i

argonavtebis eposi berZnuli samyaros erT-erTi

yvelaze popularuli Temaa. Zvel berZnul literaturaSi
iSviaTia xelovani, romelic am Temas ar Sexebia.
argonavtebis ambavs kargad icnobdnen homerosi,
hesiode, kalimaqe, pindare, platoni, aristotele da
sxvani. bevrma werilobiTma Zeglma Cvenamde verc moaRwia.
arsebobs cnoba, rom sofoklem argonavtebis Temaze
yvelaze meti Txzuleba Seqmna, Tumca Cvenamde arc erTs
ar mouRwevia. evripidesac eqvsi mniSvnelovani tragedia
dauweria, magram dReisTvis mxolod erTia cnobili.
esqiles argonavtebis Tqmulebebis safuZvelze Seqmnili
hqonda trilogia, aseve dauweria ramdenime tragedia da
satiruli drama. Zv. w. III saukuneSi argonavtikis Temaze
monumenturi Txzuleba Seqmna apolonios rodoselma.
adre Tu Zveli kolxuri kulturis Sesaxeb msje­
loba ZiriTadad werilobiTi wyaroebisa da miTosuri
suraT-xatebis mixedviT xdeboda, Semdeg arqeologiuri
kvlevis Sedegebma naTlad warmoaCina ganviTarebis is
maRali done, romelzec Zveli kolxeTi imyofeboda.
nivTieri masalebis kvlevebma daadastura, rom ber­
Z­nul miTosSi warmodgenili kolxuri samyaro ara marto
Rirseuli warmomadgeneli iyo Zveli civilizaciisa,
aramed Zala Seswevda sxva kulturebis ganviTarebazec
moexdina zemoqmedeba. maSinac ki, roca misi Tanadrouli
civilizacia ukve mkveTr degradacias ganicdida, ro­
ca erTmaneTis miyolebiT ecemodnen iseTi xalxebis
kulturebi, rogorebic iyvnen egviptelebi, babilonelebi,
kreta-minoselebi, pelazgebi, etruskebi da sxva, kol­

_5_
xeTs jer kidev SeeZlo mZlavri sulieri impulsebiT
gaenayofierebina axali drois mzardi kulturebi.
berZnul miTebSi swored es istoriuli realobaa
gadmocemuli. kolxuri kultura iyo is gardamavali
rgoli, romelic Zvel da momaval axalgazrda kulturebs
erTmaneTTan akavSirebda, maT Soris xidad iyo gadebuli.
degradaciis gzaze mdgari egviptidan momdinare mZlavri
sulieri impulsebi swored kolxurma misteriebma Semo­
inaxa, raTa garkveuli drois Semdeg igi mzard berZnul
samyaros misi saSualebiT aeTvisebina. berZnuli wya­
roebis mixedviT es sulieri saganZuri (oqros sawmisi)
kolxebma egviptelebisgan memkvidreobiT miiRes. kol­
xuri misteriebis xasiaTic mkveTrad merkuruli, anu
hermesuli yofila, rac niSandoblivad damaxasiaTebeli
iyo Zveli egvipturi sulieri cxovrebisTvis.
argonavtebis mier kolxeTidan waRebuli oqros saw­
misis mniSvnelobis gasarkvevad aucilebelia im Tqmu­
lebis gaTvaliswineba, romelic oqros sawmisis kolxeTSi
moxvedris ambavs gadmogvcems.1
rogorc berZnuli miTosi iuwyeba, RrubelTa qal­
RmerTma nefelem Tavis vaJs, friqses, hermesisgan bo­
Zebuli oqrosmatyliani verZi gadasca da dasTan erTad
kolxeTisken gaamgzavra. da-Zma hele da friqse am ver­
ZiT gafrindnen aietis qveynisken. gzad hele verZidan
gadmovarda da zRvaSi CaiZira. friqsem mSvidobiT CaaRwia
kolxeTSi. man oqrosmatyliani verZi RmerTebs Seswira,
xolo tyavi kolxeTis mefe aiets gadasca. aietma igi
muxaze Camokida da urCxuli dauyena darajad. ase moxvda
oqros sawmisi kolxur samyaroSi.
argonavtebis miTis mimarT swori mimarTebis Camo­
yalibebisTvis aucilebelia am miTSi gadmocemuli am­
bavi gagebul iqnas ara Tanamedrove istoriisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli formiT, aramed miTosuri saburveliT.
miTis avtorisTvis amqveynad mimdinare xiluli mov­

_6_
le­nebi da masTan dakavSirebuli sulieri procesebi
erTi mTliani istoriaa da maTi Sesabamisi epizodebi
erTmaneTisgan arc aris gancalkevebuli.
argonavtebis miTSi gadmocemulia kacobriobis is­
toriis erT-erTi grandiozuli movlena, ramac mniSv­
nelovani roli Seasrula civilizebuli samyaros evo­
luciis procesSi.
kacobriobis istoriis im periodSi, rodesac berZ­nuli
samyaro wina planze gamovida, mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi
daiwyo adamianTa cnobierebis sferoSi. manamde wminda
gansjiTi azrovneba ar arsebobda. Zveli epoqis brZenkacTa
umTavres amocanas sulieri arsebebis ganzraxvaTa
gamocnoba warmoadgenda. maTi mzera mTlianad suleTisken
iyo mimarTuli. cnobierebis amgvar formaSi aqcentebi
grZnobad Semecnebaze iyo gadatanili, xolo gansjiTi
impulsebi did rols ar TamaSobdnen. am uZvelesi epoqis
misteriebSi saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi grandiozuli sibrZne
dagrovda. igi adamiansac da mTel fizikur da sulier
samyarosac erT mTlianobaSi ganixilavda.
racionaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebam Zvel sibrZneSi
disonansi Seitana. gansjiTi azrovnebis monapovrebi,
cxadia, obieqturad asaxavdnen fizikur samyaros, mag­
ram igi mniSvnelovnad gaeTiSa suleTis aRqmas. Zveli
sibrZnis mTlianoba dairRva. logikuri azrovneba
mxolod materiis kvlevisken iqna mimarTuli.
azrovnebis amgvari formis ganviTarebac, cxadia,
bunebrivi aucileblobiT iyo gansazRvruli. adamiani
TandaTan Zlierdeboda sakuTar azrovnebaSi, Tumca
ki es individualizacia suleTisgan mowyvetis xarjze
xdeboda.
istoriuli TvalsazrisiT, es movlenebi maSin gan­
viTarda, roca Zveli epoqis udidesi civilizaciebi
istoriis arenas tovebdnen, xolo axali xalxebi jer
kidev Zalebs ikrebdnen TavianTi misiis Sesasruleblad.

_7_
 im epoqis brZenkacebs kargad esmodaT, rom Zveli
sibrZnisgan mowyveta sasurvel Sedegebs ver moitanda.
is didi ganZi, rac pirveladi sibrZnidan daikarga da
racionaluri sibrZnisgan mowyvetili aRmoCnda, xatovan
enaze oqros sawmisiT aRiniSneboda. miTosur enaze rom
vTqvaT, argonavtebis epoqis saberZneTSi oqros sawmisi
dakarguli iyo. berZeni xeldasxmulebi naTlad Wvretdnen
misi xelaxla mopovebis aucileblobas. maTTvis isic
cnobili iyo, rom es berZnebisTvis dakarguli prasibrZne
jer kidev cocxali saxiT arsebobda imdroindel kolxur
samyaroSi. aietis kolxeTi, umTavresad, cnobierebis
Zveli formisken iyo midrekili. argonavtebis miTSi
es faqti imiTac mieniSneba, rom kolxeTSi jer kidev
wina Taobis RmerTebs uranossa da geas scemen Tayvans.
axali berZnuli samyaro ukve RmerTebis axal Taobas
eTayvaneboda.
berZnebis winaSe idga fundamenturi amocana —
daearsebinaT axali drois misteriebi, sadac cnobierebis
axali forma kvlav pirvelad RvTaebriv sibrZnes unda
dakavSireboda. dakarguli prasibrZne, romelic verZis
tyaviTaa simbolizebuli, Zvelma kulturam dafarul
sferoebSi gadaitana. faqtobrivad, igi kolxuri sai­
dumlo skolebis kuTvnilebad iqca.
berZenTa moZRvrebi da, rogorc miTebi gvauwyeben,
berZenTa RmerTebic daJinebiT moiTxovdnen oqros
sawmisis mopovebas.
argonavtebis miTSi swored es movlenaa aRwerili.
iazonma, orfeosma, heraklem da berZnuli samyaros sxva
gmirebma es amocana warmatebiT Seasrules. saberZneTSi
Caitanes is Zveli sibrZne, romlis safuZvelzec SesaZ­
lebeli gaxda axali tipis misteriuli skolebis daarseba.
axali epoqis sulieri krizisi swored am movleniT iqna
daZleuli. berZnul samyaroSi oqros sawmisis gadataniT
warmatebiT ganxorcielda grandiozuli epoqaluri

_8_
cvlileba. Zveli egviptis, SuamdinareTisa da maTi Ta­
namedrove sxva kulturebis degradacias berZnul-
romauli samyaros aRmavloba moyva.
rogorc irkveva, heles da friqses miTi im istoriul
movlenaze mianiSnebs, romelsac jer kidev berZnul-
romauli kulturis wina periodSi hqonda adgili. mas
Semdeg, rac egvipturi kulturis centrebi dacemis
gzas daadgnen da wina planze berZnulma samyarom iwyo
gamosvla, aucilebeli gaxda egviptur misteriebSi
mopovebuli sulieri codnis im periodamde Senaxva,
vidre berZnuli samyaro saTanadod momZlavrdeboda
mis misaRebad. am mizniT, egvipturi misteriebis yvelaze
ufro sakraluri nawili kolxeTSi iqna gadatanili.
misteriuli kerebis amgvari gadanacvleba daaxloebiT
Zv. w. meore aTaswleulis dasawyisSi ganxorcielda.
rogorc irkveva, ukve Zv. w. XIX saukunidan Savi zRvis
aRmosavleT sanapirosTan mZlavri misteriuli kerebi
Camoyalibda. es misteriebi merkuruli (anu hermesuli)
xasiaTisa iyo. am TvalsazrisiT, isini swored uZveles
egviptur misteriebs enaTesavebodnen.
sulieri cxovrebis is memkvidreoba, rac warRvnis­
Semdgomma epoqam atlantiduri periodidan miiRo, sxva­
dasxva kulturul SreSi sxvadasxva saxiT ganviTarda.
egvipturi kultura im impulsebs daefuZna, romlebic
atlantidis periodidan merkuruli (hermesuli) ora­
kulebis sulieri memkvidreobis saxiT iqna gadmotanili.
am kulturis winamZRoli da pirveli qurumi hermes-
toti iyo.2 zemoT naxsenebi Tqmulebac xom swored
imas iuwyeba, rom friqsem hermesisgan boZebuli verZi
kolxeTSi Camoiyvana. es uwyeba miTosur enaze swored
hermesuli sibrZnis kolxeTSi gadanacvlebaze mianiSnebs.
argonavtebis mier gavlili gzis ganxilva naTlad
aCvenebs, rom igi `Sedgenilia~ ara gadaadgilebis
optimaluri marSrutis gaTvaliswinebiT, aramed im

_9_
geografiuli adgilebis mixedviT, romelTa erTianobac
garkveul konceptualur mTlianobas, anu miTosur
istorias gamosaxavs.
argonavtebis marSruti Zalze Taviseburia. argo­
navtikis kvlevebSi didi xania SemCneulia, rom maTi
gavlili gza Segnebulad gadis imdroindel mniSvnelovan
sulier centrebze — im adgilebze, sadac mZlavri
misteriuli kerebi arsebobda da saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi
axalgazrda berZnuli samyaro maTi sulieri impulsebiT
viTardeboda.
kolxidasken mimavali argonavtebi kunZul samo­
Trakiasa da lemnoss stumrobdnen. berZnuli tradiciis
mixedviT kunZuli lemnosic da gansakuTrebiT samoTrakia
kabirebTan dakavSirebuli misteriebis umTavres centrad
iTvleboda. kolxur misteriebSi CaRrmavebis gzaze es
iyo erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mosamzadebeli safexuri.
argonavtebis marSruti isea warmodgenili, rom
isini kunZul kretazec xvdebian. cxadia, kreta-minosis
kulturac swored is winare kulturaa, saidanac aseve
saukuneebis manZilze berZnuli samyaro ikvebeboda.
TiTqosda moulodnelad argonavtebi saberZneTis
gverdiT Caivlian da samxreTiT afrikisken miemarTebian.
es regionic, cxadia, uZvelesi misteriebis samyaroa.
swored Crdilo afrikis da gansakuTrebiT egviptis
sulieri impulsebi daedo safuZvlad im droisaTvis
mravali civilizaciis saZirkvelis momzadebas.
imis garda, rom berZnuli miTebi suraT-xatovan
enaze gadmogvcemen, rom Zvelma egvipturma misteriebma
TavSesafari kolxur samyaroSi poves, aseve berZnul
nawerebSi vxvdebiT istoriuli xasiaTis Tqmulebebs,
sadac egviptur-kolxuri urTierTobebia warmodgenili.
es gadmocemebic nawilobriv miTosuri xasiaTisaa. maTi
istoriuli qargili simboluri saxeebiTaa datvirTuli.
gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa berZnebis Tqmuleba

_ 10 _
egviptis mefe sesostrisis laSqrobisa da mis mier
kolxeTSi egvipturi dasaxlebis daarsebis Sesaxeb.
marTalia, garegnuli istoriuli wyaroebi sulieri
cxovrebis Sinagan xasiaTs ar gadmoscemen, magram mainc
sainteresoa mokled gavixsenoT, Tu ra werilobiTi
cnobebi arsebobs kolxeTisa da egviptis urTierTobis
Sesaxeb.
berZnul wyaroebSi kolxeTis dasaxelebas pirvelad
Zv. w. VIII saukunis moRvawis evmelos korinTelis Txzu­
lebaSi vxvdebiT.3
Zv. w. VII-VI saukuneebidan kolxeTis Tema berZnul
mwerlobaSi Zalze popularuli xdeba.
pirveli cnoba kolxTa eTnogenezisis Sesaxeb hero­
dotes (Zv. w. 484-425 w.) `istoriaSi” gvxvdeba. igi aRniSnavs
kolxebis genetikur naTesaobas egviptelebTan. rogorc
Cans, misTvis cnobilia manamde arsebuli Tqmuleba imis
Sesaxeb, rom egviptelma faraonma sesostrisma (ramzes II-m)
laSqrobisas Tavisi jaris nawili Savi zRvis sanapirosTan
daasaxla da kolxeTi am koloniisgan Camoyalibda.
herodote aRniSnavs, rom mas ar SeuZlia amtkicos am
Tqmulebis istoriuloba, magram dabejiTebiT irwmuneba,
rom kolxebi namdvilad egviptelebi ariano.
herodotes cnobiT, imis garda, rom kolxebi Sav­
gvremanebi da xuWuWTmianebi yofilan, maT egvip­telebis
msgavsi wes-Cveulebac hqoniaT. kerZod, yvela xalxTagan,
mxolod kolxebi, egviptelebi da eTiopielebi yofilan,
romlebic Tavidanve awarmoebdnen winadacveTas. siri­
elebsa da makronebs es Cveuleba im periodSi kolxebisgan
gadauRiaT.
herodote cdilobs sxva sabuTebic moZebnos kolxTa
egvipturi warmomavlobis dasamtkiceblad. igi aRniSnavs,
rom mxolod kolxebi da egviptelebi amuSaveben sels
erTnairad; maT cxovrebis wesi da enac ki msgavsi aqvTo.
herodotes isic gaurkvevia, Tu ra icodnen egviptelebma

_ 11 _
da kolxebma erTmaneTis Sesaxeb. aRmoCnda, rom kolxebs
ukeT axsovdaT egviptelebi, vidre egviptelebs kolxebi.
amis garda, egviptelebs faraon sesostrisis laSqrobisa
da egviptelTa kolxeTSi Casaxlebis Tqmulebac scod­niaT.4
odnav mogvianebiT msgavs cnobas vxvdebiT saxel­
ganTqmuli eqimis hipokrates (460-356) TxzulebebSic.
mas Tavad umogzauria kolxeTSi da didi sizustiT
aRwers kolxeTis bunebriv pirobebs. hipokrates cnobiT,
kolxebs kanis feri muqi hqoniaT (yviTeli, TiTqos
siyviTle sWirdeT).5
Semdgomi periodis berZeni moRvaweebis TxzulebebSi
mravalgzis aRiniSneba kolxTa da egviptelTa naTesaobis
Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans, umravlesoba herodotes avto­
ritets eyrdnoboda.
diodore sicilieli (Zv. w. I saukune) saintereso
paralels atarebs kolx da ebrael xalxTa mimarTebaSi. is
wers, rom kolxebi da iudevelebi egviptidan gamovidnen
da sxvadasxva adgilas dasaxldnen — kolxebi pontoSi,
xolo ebraelebi arabeTsa da sirias Soris.6
diodore sicilielis cnobiTac am xalxebs msgavsi
wes-Cveuleba hqoniaT.
dRevandel samecniero wreebSi kolxTa da egviptelTa
genetikuri kavSiri arc dadasturebulia da arc
uaryofili.
vfiqrobT, ar arsebobs safuZveli sruli undobloba
gamovucxadoT berZnul wyaroebs. cxadia, arc imis
safuZveli arsebobs, vifiqroT, rom mTeli kolxeTis
teritoria egvipturi warmomavlobis mosaxleobiT
iyo dasaxlebuli. SesaZloa, egvipturi koloniis Ca­
moyalibebis Semdeg maT marTlac wamyvani poziciebi
daikaves kolxeTis kulturul cxovrebaSi. rogorc
apolonios rodoseli iuwyeba, egviptidan Camosaxlebul
aias mkvidrT TavianTi winaprebis Zveli kirbebi, anu
warwerebiani qvis svetebic ki hqoniaT Semonaxuli.7

_ 12 _
 ase rom, berZnuli werilobiTi wyaroebi naTlad
adastureben, rom garkveuli kulturuli nakadi egviptidan
kolxeTSi aRwevs. rac Seexeba am kulturuli nakadis
Sinaarss, berZnul wyaroebSi mis Sesaxeb argonavtebis
istoriis miTosur enazea moTxrobili. swored miTosur
saburvelSia mocemuli im misteriebis Sinaarsi, romelTan
ziarebac berZeni gmirebis miznadaa dasaxuli.
miuxedavad imisa, rom naxsenebi misteriebi TiTqosda
kolxeTis istoriis erT garkveul periods exeba
(magaliTad, friqses mier aietisTvis gadacemuli oqros
sawmisi aseve aietisagan waiRo iazonma), sinamdvileSi,
cxadia, aq saubaria istoriuli ganviTarebis sakmaod
grZel periodze. oqros sawmisis kolxeTSi Catana
da Semdeg iqidan waReba TiTqmis aTeuli saukunis
procesia. egvipturi misteriuli kerebis kolxeTSi
gadanacvleba maSin xdeba, roca egvipturma kulturam
Tavisi sulieri ganviTarebis zeniti ukve gadaiara, xolo
berZnuli kultura jerac bavSvobis asakSia. ra Tqma
unda, berZnebma egvipturi memkvidreobis didi nawili
maTgan uSualod miiRes, magram, am SemTxvevaSi, kolxuri
samyaros gavliT gadaecaT ara garegnuli kultura,
aramed misteriebis yvelaze ufro idumali nawili.
kacobriobis spiritualuri nakadi or dinebad gaiyo —
misteriuli sibrZnis da racionaluri sibrZnis nakadad.
swored es misteriuli sibrZne iqna gadatanili kolxeTis
idumalTmetyvelebis centrebSi, xolo racionaluri
sibrZnidan momdinare impulsebi uSualod, pirdapiri
gziT gadaeca berZnul kulturas.
berZnul miTosSi berZen moRvaweTa Zvel saidumlo
sibrZnesTan ziarebis procesi mxolod argonavtebis
miTiT ar Semoifargleba. Tundac mxolod aietTan
dakavSirebiT SeiZleba gavixsenoT, rom misi ori da —
pasifae da kirke — berZen gmirTa miRvaweobas mniSvnelovan
epizodebSi ukavSirdebian.

_ 13 _
 eTnikuri TvalsazrisiT, Zveli minosis mosaxleoba
kolxebTan erTad saerTo jgufSi erTiandeba. kunZul
kretaze minosuri kulturis aRmavlobis periodi
(Zv. w. XIX-XV ss) swored kolxuri kulturis zeobis
xanas emTxveva. egviptur da berZnul misteriebTan
mimarTebaSic kolxebi da kretelebi erTmaneTs hgavdnen.
isini gardamaval safexurs qmnidnen egviptur da berZnul
kulturebs Soris.
berZen gmir Tezevss swored kretas kunZulze uwevs
Tavisi xeldasxmis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi safexuris
gavla. mrisxane minosis meuRle aris aietis da pasifae,
rac naTlad mianiSnebs am or misteriul garemoTa
Soris arsebul kavSirze. Tezevsi minosisa da pasifaes
qaliSvilis (medeas mamidaSvilis) ariadnes daxmarebiT
aRwevs labirinTSi da minotavrs klavs. Semdeg igi
ariadnesTan erTad gaemgzavreba kretadan. am SemTxvevaSic
TvalsaCinoa ariadnesa da Tezevsis siyvarulis istoriis
msgavseba medeasa da iazonis siyvarulTan.
am TvalsazrisiT, analogiuri SemTxvevaa odisevsTan
dakavSirebul miTSic. kunZul aiaiaze, romlis dasa­xelebac
analogiuria kolxeTis samefos dasaxelebisa, cxovrobs
aseve aietis da — jadoqari kirke. kirkes jadoqrobisagan
odisevsic siyvarulma ixsna. kunZulis grZneul dedofals
berZeni gmiri Seuyvarda. marTalia, man odisevss jados­
nuri wamliT sakuTari samSoblo daaviwya da erTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi Tavis kunZulze datova, magram Semdeg odi­
sevsi gons moego da kvlav gaagrZela iTakasaken mogzau­
roba. kirke daexmara mas, raTa qvesknelSi moxvedriliyo
da tireziasgan iTakas ambebi gaego.
rogorc vxedavT, samive berZen gmirs (iazons, Tezevss,
odisevss) TavianTi iniciaciis yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovan
epizodebSi kolxuri samyaros warmomadgenlebTan uxde­
baT Sexvedra. faqtobrivad, maTi iniciacia swored
kolxuri misteriebis zemoqmedebiT xdeba.

_ 14 _
 argonavtebis mogzauroba Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebSia
navaraudevi. rogorc Cans, am periodSi moxda kolxeTis
sulier centrebSi dagrovili sulieri codnis inten­
siuri aTviseba berZen moRvaweTa mier. swored am pe­
riods mosdevs berZnuli misteriuli centrebis mkveT­
ri aRmavlobac. berZnuli kultura TandaTan ikavebs
imdroindeli kacobriobis lideris adgils. rac Se­
exeba qarTul kulturas, imave periodSi iwyeba misi
degradaciac. kolxurma misteriebma ukve Seasrules
TavianTi misia. maT saWiro dromde Semoinaxes is sulieri
saganZuri, rac winare, egvipturi epoqidan miiRes da amiT
gza gauxsnes axali, berZnuli kulturis aRmavlobis
process.
strabonis `geografia~ gvauwyebs, rom aietis kolxeTi
Zvelad saxelganTqmuli qveyana yofila. misma memkvidre
mefeebma ki qveyana calkeul skeptuxiebad dayves.8 ese
igi, aietis Semdeg periodSi kolxeTis centralizebuli
saxelmwifo calkeul samTavroebad dayofila.
aRniSnuli periodidan, ese igi, Zv. w. XI saukunidan,
ukve aRiniSneba qarTveluri tomebis kulturis Tan­
daTanobiTi dacema. Zv. w. VII saukuneSi mcire aziaSi
kimerielTa Semosevam kidev ufro Seasusta maTi
poziciebi da am periodidan moyolebuli qarTveluri
tomebis saxelebi mcire aziaSi TandaTanobiT qreba.
indoevropeli tomebis SemoWra mcire aziasa da
xmelTaSua zRvis teritoriaze saukuneTa manZilze grZel­
deboda. isini TandaTan aviwroebdnen mkvidr mosaxleobas
da maT teritoriebs ikavebdnen. saukunovani brZolebis
dasasruli xatovan enaze aisaxa berZnul miTosSi,
kerZod, troas garemocvasTan dakavSirebul movlenebSi.
xangrZlivi garemocvis Semdeg Zveli kulturis erT-erTi
ukanaskneli centric ecema da kacobriobis istoriis
wina planze axalgazrda berZnuli kultura gamodis.
qarTveluri tomebi, romlebic swored am Zveli eTnosis

_ 15 _
nawils warmoadgenen, mkveTrad izRudebian teritoriuli
TvalsazrisiT. isini, ZiriTadad, CrdiloeTiT, kavkasiisa
da Savi zRvis sanapiroebisaken lokalizdebian.
rogorc cnobilia, sesostrisi egviptis mefe
iyo. is aris igive ramzes II. istoriuli wyaroebis mi­
xed­viT ramzes II Zv. w. XIII saukuneSi cxovrobda.
apolonios rodoselis mixedviT sesostrisma kolxeTSi
argonavtebamde Zalian didi xniT adre ilaSqra. maSin
kolxeTSi darCenil egviptur jars kolonia swored
iq dauarsebia. Tu am SemTxvevaSi movlenebs realur
istoriul WrilSi ganvixilavT, cxadia, miTosuri saxeebi
garkveul winaaRmdegobaSi aRmoCndebian istoriasTan.
ramzes II argonavtebamde didi xniT adre ver ilaSqrebda
kolxeTSi, radgan argonavtebis kolxeTSi mogzaurobac
daaxloebiT misi moRvaweobis periodSi igulisxmeba.
apolonios rodoselis cnobiT ki sesostrisma mravali
saukuniT adre daaarsa kolxuri kolonia.
egviptur-kolxur urTierTobebs namdvilad Zveli
istoria aqvs da egvipturi hermesuli misteriebis
kolxeTSi gadanacvleba namdvilad argonavtebze bevrad
Soreul warsulSi, daaxloebiT Zv. w. II aTaswleulis
dasawyisSi igulisxmeba. ubralod, es movlena miwerilia
ramzes II-sadmi, romelic TiTqmis argonavtTa Tanamedrove
iyo. roca apolonios rodoseli kolxTa egviptur
warmomavlobaze saubrobs, igi amave dros iTvaliswinebs
herodotes cnobil koncefcias egviptelTa kolxeTSi
dasaxlebis Sesaxeb.
sainteresoa, rom apolonios rodoseli teqstis im
nawilSi yveba egviptelTa jaris kolxeTSi darCenisa
da aq egvipturi koloniis daarsebis Sesaxeb, roca
mogviTxrobs kolxTa jarisagan argonavtebis dadevnebis
ambavs. swored am devnas mohyva is, rom kolxTa jari ukan
aRar dabrunebula kolxeTSi, ramzes II-is jaris msgavsad
isic ucxo miwaze darCa da aseve axali kolonia daaarsa.

_ 16 _
 berZnul miTSi farTodaa aRwerili am axali kolxuri
koloniis daarsebis geografiuli garemoebani.
friqsesa da aietis asulis qalkiopes ufrosi va­
Jis argosis rCevis Semdeg argonavtebma kolxeTidan
saberZneTSi dasabruneblad gansxvavebuli gza airCies.
maT dunaiSi (istrosSi) Secures da aRma auyvnen mas.
argosi am gzas `saidumlo gzas~ uwodebs, romelic Zvelad
ukvdav qurumTa naCvenebi yofila. swored am uwyebas
mosdevs monaTxrobi egviptur-kolxuri urTierTobis
Sesaxeb:

` . . . aravin icis, mxolod argosma ase mimarTa

smenadqceulebs:
maS gaveSuroT wminda orqomens, saiTac uTqvams im
Tqven WeSmarit
winaswarmetyvels, visac kolxeTis Soreul gzaze
SeyrixarT Tqvena.
aris meore sazRvao gzaca, tritonur Tebes STa­
momavalTa.
ukvdav qurumTa naCvenebia Zvelad is didi gza
saidumlo.
jerac ar iyo yvela varskvlavi, dRes rom cimcimebs
mosarkul caze;
wminda danaes da misi modgmis saxsenebelic ar iyo
qveynad,
Tundac ekiTxaT, da arc qebuli devkalionis STa­
momavalTa —
devkalidebis iyo sufeva pelazgTa qveynis miwa-wyal­
zeda,
mTels eladaSi saxlobdnen marto apidaneli arka­
dielni,
es tomi Turme selene — mTvaris dabadebamde cxovrobda
mTebSi,
da rko iyoo misi saWmeli, ase gvauwyebs Zveli simRera.

_ 17 _
 im dros yofila ukve ganTqmuli mTels cisqveSeTSi
Savi egvipte,
uxvyaniani da uZvelesi axalgazrdobis mSobeli deda,
masTan tritonis didi mdinare, uxvi, mSvenier­ tal­
Rebiani,
romlis wylebiTac is dalocvili Savi xmeleTi
noyierdeba:
iq xom ar modis zevsis wvima da deda-mdinare apurebs
yanas,
iqidan mosul kacs dauvlia Turme azia, mTeli evropa,
mamacTa razmis ZaliT da RoniT gadmouseravs zRva da
xmeleTi;
im laSqrobaSi daasaxlao uricxvi daba, qalaq-soflebi;
zogi maTgani dResac arsebobs, xolo zogisa kvalic
aRgvila, —
es xom Soreul warsulSi moxda, saukuneTa wiaRTa
miRma!
xolo aia, dResac urRvevi, dgas da cxovroben im did
qalaqSi
im mamac gmirTa STamomavalni, didma molaSqrem aq rom
datova.
Senaxuli aqvT mamapapuri Zveli kirbebi, werilsvetebi,
da im kirbebze naCvenebia gzebi yovelTa zRvaTa da
xmelTa.
im wyalTa Soris erTi mdinare bolo totia okeanisa,
TviTon sabargo gemebisaTvis sakmaod Rrma da sakmaod
farTo, —
ucxo mxareSic icnobdnen im wyals, SoreTs istrosad
saxeldebulsa.~9

rogorc vxedavT, teqstis am mcire monakveTSi Zalze

mniSvnelovani uwyebebia koncentrirebuli.
aq warmodgenilia egviptesa da kolxeTs Soris
uZvelesi droidan cnobili saidumlo gza, romelic

_ 18 _
ukvdav qurumTa naCvenebi iyo. es gza `tritonur Tebes
STamomavalTa~ gza yofila. aq, cxadia, igulisxmeba
egviptis Tebe, xolo `tritoni~ nilosis Zveli saxelia.
ese igi, apolonios rodoseli TiTqosda Zalze ucnaur
cnobas gvawvdis — kolxeTisa da egviptis damakavSirebeli
erT-erTi gza mdinare dunaize gadiodao.
vfiqrobT, am uwyebasac ZiriTadad sulieri mniS­
vneloba ufro unda mieniWos, vidre istoriuli faqtisa.
dunais aRma ayoliT egvipteSi Casvla SesaZlebeli
kia, magram es gza Zalze grZelia da Zneli asaxsnelia,
ratom unda evloT am gziT. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom
odesRac egviptidan kolxeTisken samxreTidan momavali
gzebi mtrulad ganwyobili tomebisagan iyo Caketili
da kolxur-egvipturi urTierTobebi aseTi SemovliTi
gziT xorcieldeboda.
am mcire monakveTSi Zalze zustad da lakoniuradaa
moTxrobili egvipteSi mdinare nilosis (tritonis)
irgvliv egviptelTa cxovrebis TaviseburebaTa Se­
saxebac. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom argosis es sityva
miTSi daaxloebiT Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebSi warmoTqmulad
unda vigulisxmoT, cxadi xdeba, ramdenad Zveli unda
yofiliyo egviptur-kolxuri urTierTobebi. argosi
saubrobs im droze, roca eladaSi mosaxle tomebi rkoTi
ikvebebodnen da jer mTvarec ki ar iyo dabadebuli.
devkalionis STamomavlebic jer ar mosuliyvnen
pelazgTa miwaze.
rogorc vxedavT, miTis avtori cdilobs egviptur-
kolxuri urTierTobebi warmoudgenlad Soreul
warsulSi warmogvidginos. egviptel meomarTa razmic
swored aseT Soreul warsulSi damkvidrebula kolxeTSi
da aq mZlavri kolonia dauarsebia.
aqve moyvanilia Zalze mniSvnelovani uwyeba: kolxebs
Senaxuli hqoniaT mamapapuri damwerloba — `Zveli
kirbebi, werilsvetebi.~

_ 19 _
 vidre am uwyebebs ufro vrclad SevexebiT, jer miTis
mixedviT Tvali gadavavloT argonavtebisa da mdevari
kolxebis gzas mdinare dunais aRma mimarTulebiT.
argosi yveba, rom mdinare istrosi, anu dunai
ripeosis mTebidan iRebs saTaves, gaivlis Trakiis,
skviTiis sazRvrebs `da iq iSleba or calke totad. erTi
Cven zRvaSi Caedineba, xolo meore erT Rrma ubeSi —
trinakriis zRvis nawilSi Cadis~.
es zRva xmeleTSi Rrmadaa SeWrili da eladas emij­
neba. ese igi, apolonios rodoselis cnobiT dunais
erTi toti Sav zRvaSi Cadis, xolo meore adriatikis
zRvaSi, saidanac Semdeg saberZneTSi moxvedra SeiZleba.
argonavtebi swored am sazRvao marSrutiT gadawyveten
samSobloSi dabrunebas.
miTis am epizodma Semdegdroindel moRvaweTa seri­
ozuli kritika daimsaxura. cxadia, dunaize aRma curviT
veraviTar SemTxvevaSi gemiT ver movxvdebiT adriatikis
zRvaSi. dunais adriatikis zRvaSi Camavali ganStoeba ara
aqvs.
miuxedavad am Seusabamobisa, miTis SinaarsSi prin­
cipuli winaaRmdegoba ar arsebobs. miTosuri Txroba
arasodes gulisxmobs amgvar racionalizms, miT umetes,
rom miTSi aRwerili marSrutis gavla realurad
SesaZlebelia, Tundac gemis gamocvlis gziT.
miTSi, sadac moZravi kldeebisa da calTvala ciklopis
ambavia moTxrobili, amgvari marSrutis geografiuli
niuansebis kritika azrs moklebulia.
miTis mixedviT, oqros sawmisis motacebis Semdeg,
argonavtebi dunais aRma auyvnen. kolxTa gemebic
ukan daedevnen. kolxTa flotma ufliswul afsirtes
winamZRolobiT erT-erT ganStoebaSi mokle gziT Secura
da argonavtebs gaaswro.
kolxTa mravalricxovani floti `TviTon afsirtes
winamZRolobiT, istross miadga: mokle gzas ahyva,

_ 20 _
gauswro gmirebs, gascda mSvenier SesarTavs gemi,
Semouara mcire yels curviT, Seusvenebliv gaiWra wina,
da ioniis zRvis ukidures ubes miadga argoze adre~.
kolxebma gza mouWres argonavtebs.
apoloniosis cnobiT am adgilebSi ucxovriaT skvi­
Tebs, Trakielebs, siginebs, gravkenebs. iq lavrionis
far­To udabur velebze sindebis modgma yofila da­
saxlebuli.10
kolxebi istrosis mcire StoSi gadasulan da kronosis
zRvaSi argonavtebze adre SeucuravT. maT aq yvela
gasasvleli Caketes. male argonavtebis gemi brigeidis
kunZulebs miadga. mxolod aq, erT-erT kunZulze, sadac
artemides taZari idga, ar iyvnen kolxi meomrebi — isini
salocavs moridebian.
medeas rCeviT iazoni swored am kunZulze Casafrda.
medeam afsirte kunZulze Seityua viTomda molaparakebis
mizniT. afsirte miendo medeas da RamiT artemides
taZarTan marto mivida. safaridan gamoxta iazoni da
`dahkra maxvili Wabuks, viTarca yasabi dahkravs Zalumad
xars najaxs... dasca taZarTan, rac artemides kunZulis
gaRma sanapiroze mkvidrma brigebma auges Zvelad~.11
am epizodSi kolxTa ufliswulis — afsirtes
sikvdilis suraTia warmodgenili. im droisTvis kolxeTSi
xaris kulti iyo da amis garda TavisTavad kolxuri
samyaro astrologiuri TvalsazrisiTac xaris epoqis
kulturas warmoadgenda. am kulturam Tavis zeobas
swored am epoqaSi miaRwia. axali, berZnuli kultura
verZis epoqis kulturaa. mze xaris zodiaqodan verZis
zodiaqoSi gadavida. xaris epoqis kulturebi daecnen.
miTis mixedviT, kolxeTSi berZenma gmirebma swored
xari daimorCiles da aqedan verZis tyavi (oqros sawmisi)
waiRes.
kolxeTis momavali mefe — afsirte samsxverplo
xariviT kvdeba artemides taZarTan.

_ 21 _
 kolxTa mravalricxovani laSqari meTauris gareSe
darCa. dabneulma kolxebma veRar SeZles argonavtebis
gamodevneba. aietis risxvis SiSiT veRarc kolxeTSi
dabruneba gabedes da iZulebuli gaxdnen im Soreul
miwebze dasaxlebuliyvnen.

`iqiT ki kolxebs Tavzarsa scemda aiet mefis sastiki

risxva,
amitom veRar gabedes ukan — kutaiaSi, Sin dabruneba.
sawylad gzaSive ganibna yvela: zogi sad darCa da zogi
sada;
erTni dasaxldnen im kunZulebze, sadac gmirebma
dahyves xani da
dResac imaTi STamomavalni — afsirtelebi cxovroben
iqa.
sxvebma qalaqi iq daafuZnes, sad iliriis, didi mdinaris
muq wyalTa Soris, gmiris kadmosis da harmoniis aris
samare,
enqel vaJkacTa tomis mezoblad, danarCenebi
cxovroben dResac
im kldovan mTebSi, romelTac axlac keravniis mTebs
uZaxis xalxi~.12

rogorc vxedavT, apolonios rodoseli kolxTa

jarisagan axali koloniis daarsebis geografiul areals
konkretulad miuTiTebs.
kolxebis nawili adriatikis zRvaSi, iliriis sana­
piroebTan brigedis kunZulebze dasaxlebulan. am
kunZulebs straboni afsirtidebs uwodebs (VII, 5, 5). igive
dasaxeleba gvxvdeba plinius sekundusTanac.
herodotes cnobiT frigielebs adre brigebi ewo­
debodaT. afsirtidebad moxsenebulia adriatikis zRvaSi
arsebuli ori kunZuli — axlandeli kvarneros kunZulebi
adriatikis CrdiloeTiT.

_ 22 _
 kolxebis nawils qalaqi dauarsebia. antikuri gad­
mocemebis mixedviT Tebes legendaruli damaarsebeli
kadmosi da misi meuRle harmonia siberis Jams Tebedan
enqelebSi (iliriis xalxia) gadasaxldnen. kolxebs sadRac
im teritoriaze dauarsebiaT qalaqi.
apoloniosis cnobiT kolxTa kidev erTi nawili
keravniis mTebSi dasaxlebula. es mTebi iliriis mTebia,
axlandeli kimara.13
rogorc vxedavT, apolonios rodoselis uwyebiT
kolx meomrebs daaxloebiT Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebSi axali
kolonia Zvel iliriaSi dauarsebiaT. maTi dasaxlebis
adgilebis zusti gansazRvra, cxadia, Znelia, magram
ZiriTadad miTiTebulia adriatikis zRvis sanapiros is
nawili, sadac dReisaTvis xorvatiis teritoriaa.

_ 23 _
 dru i de bi, odini , runeb i

samxreT evropaSi kolxuri koloniis daarsebis pe­

riodSi iq mZlavri druiduli kultura arsebobda.
evropuli kulturis fesvebi swored misgan momdinareobs.
misi arqauli periodi Zv. w. III-II aTaswleulebis epoqaze
modis.
uZvelesi druiduli misteriebi SeiZleba davaxasiaToT
rogorc mze-mTvaris misteriebi. druidebis mziuri
iniciacia organulad erwymoda mTvareul sibrZnes, rac
Tavis mxriv miwieri samyarodan momdinare sulieri Zalebis
SemecnebaSi mJRavndeboda. dolmenebisa da kromlexebis
miRma druidebi mzis sulier saxes Wvretdnen. qurumebi
mTeli arsebiT eZleodnen sulieri samyarodan momdinare
impulsebs. isini CarTuli iyvnen ciur sxeulTa wliur
wrebrunvaSi. mzisa da mTvaris moZraobis ciklebs
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda druidTa religiur
msaxurebaSi. mTeli gare samyaros Semecneba swored
am mze-mTvaris sulieri Wvretidan momdinareobda.
bunebaSi moqmedi ganayofierebis, zrdis, yvavilobisa da
sxva movlenaTa gamomwvevi Zalebis miRma swored mze-
mTvareuli procesebi Seicnoboda. yvela am movlenaSi ki
adamiani garkveul sulier arsebebs Wvretda.
druiduli kultura sruliad iyo mindobili gare
samyarodan momdinare impulsebs. masSi praqtikulad
ar SeimCneoda racionaluri cnobierebis elementebi.
misTvis sruliad uCveulo iyo sakuTar TavSi CaR­ r­ma­
vebuli, Cafiqrebuli adamianis tipi. amgvari cno­
biereba im periodSi samxreTuli kulturebisTvis iyo
damaxasiaTebeli. samxreTuli kulturis erT-erTi ti­
puri warmomadgeneli imdroindeli egvipte iyo. iqauri

_ 24 _
qurumebis sulieri mzera naklebad iyo mimarTuli gare
samyarosken. maT interess ZiriTadad miRmiuri sfero
warmoadgenda. am samyaroSi isini sikvdilis Zalebs
Wvretdnen. sakuTar samyaroSi CaRrmavebuli, moazrovne
adamianis tipi egvipturi kulturis ideals warmoadgenda.
swored im periodSi (ese igi, 30-35 saukunis win) egviptis
msgavsi kultura samxreTSic bevrgan gardamaval
safexurze iyo.
kacobriobis sulieri cxovrebis am gardamaval
periodSi druidul kulturaSi mkveTri cvlilebebi
SeimCneva.
rogorc r. Staineri uZvelesi druiduli misteriebis
Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs, im dros druidul religiur
cnobierebaSi jer ar arsebobda votanis kulti. swored
am periodis Semdeg votanis, anu odinis kulti evropul
druidul samyaroSi aRmosavleTidan, ufro konkretulad
ki Savi zRvispira misteriebidan Semodis. im periodSi
SavizRvispira misteriebma erTgvari kolonizacia moax­
dines dasavleTis teritoriaze da am gziT druidebis
Zveli sibrZnis axali impulsebiT ganayofiereba moxda.
`misteriebi, romlidanac votanis kultura gamovida,
merkuris misteriebi gaxldaT. druidul misteriebSi
mzisa da mTvaris impulsebs SeuerTda merkuris impulsi~.14
es impulsebi ar arsebobda Zvel druidul samyaroSi.
igi arsebobda aRmosavleTSi, saidanac is dasavleTiT
gavrcelda da misi kolonizacia moaxdina. votan-merkuris
kultma Tavisi moqmedeba aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisken
gaavrcela.
swored amiT efineba naTeli im sakiTxs, Tu ratom
iTvleba votani dasavleTSi runuli damwerlobis
Camomtanad. votanma runebis saxiT dasavleTSi moitana is,
risi meSveobiTac is jer kidev umartivesi, primitiuli
inteleqtualuri formiT cdilobda gareSe samyaros
Semecnebas. es iyo bunebis erTgvari gaSifvris xelovneba

_ 25 _
— druiduli samyaros pirveli inteleqtualuri biZgi —
votanis biZgi.
votanis mosvlamde druidebisaTvis sruliad ucxo
iyo raime azris werilobiT, anda simboloTi gamosaxva.
janmrTeli cxovrebis wesi gulisxmobda bunebaSi cxov­
rebas, mis sulier ZalebTan Serwymas da sruliad
gaugebari iyo misi raime saxiT, Tundac raime niSniT
gamosaxva.
evropis religiur cnobierebaSi votanis mosvlamde
sruliad ucxo iyo sikvdilis samyaroSi CaRrmavebis
problema. Zveli evropeli mTlianad gare samyaroSi
— gansulierebul kosmosSi cxovrobda. igi adamians
gardacvalebis Semdegac am gansulierebul kosmosTan
SeerTebulad ganixilavda. misTvis aseve uCveulo iyo
samyaros racionaluri Semecneba — rac Zvel misteriebSi
planeta merkurs, anu berZnulad hermesis Zalebs
miewereba (egvipteSi mas ToTi erqva).
hermesi, romelic sikvdilisa da azrovnebis Zalebs
ukavSirdeba, sruliad ucxo iyo evropis mze-mTvareul
religiur cnobierebaSi.
SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom balduri — votanis Ze da
misi kultis umTavresi saxe, druidul samyaroSi ara
sicocxlis, aramed sikvdilis ZalebTanaa dakavSirebuli.
miuxedavad imisa, rom balduri mziuri arsebaa, ma­
inc kvdeba; igi miemgzavreba sikvdilis samyaroSi
da ar Seswevs mkvdreTiT aRdgomis Zala. druidebs
mkurnalobis mravali meTodi hqondaT, magram isini
votanis runuli inteleqtualizmidan momdinare mziur
RvTaebas mxolod miRmiur samyaroSi xedavdnen. dasavlur
miTosSi mogvianebiT gaCnda balduris qvesknelidan
daxsnis Tqmulebebic, magram es gviandeli Tqmulebebia
da Taviseburad gamoxatavs aRdgomis misteriis Zvel
TqmulebebSi gadatanis survils.
`saocari saxiT CrdiloeTSi mziur da mTvareul

_ 26 _
Zalebze merkuris zemoqmedebis Sedegad momzadda
Tvalsazrisi qristes impulsis Sesaxeb. baldurSi,
RmerTSi, romelic eqvemdebareba sikvdils da ar SeuZlia
aRdgoma, Cven vxedavT CrdiloeTisaTvis qristes
winamorbeds. ieso qristec kvdeba, magram mas SeuZlia
aRdgoma~.15
votanis Ze balduri Zvelad moiazreboda rogorc
merkuris mier areklili mziuri Zala. igi momdinareobs
merkuruli, anu hermesuli cnobierebidan.

_ 27 _
 h erme s u l i k u l t i k o lxeTS i

zemoT ganxilul mcire zomis epizodSi apolonios

rodoseli Txrobas egviptis jaris mier kolxeTSi
koloniebis daarsebis gaxsenebiT iwyebs. Semdeg iqve
gvauwyebs axla ukve argonavtikis epoqaSi kolxeTidan
jaris gadanacvlebis da adriatikis sanapiroebTan
(iliriaSi) axali koloniis daarsebis Sesaxeb.
hele da friqses miTosuri istoria saocari siRrmiT
gadmogvcems im misteriebis sulier Sinaarss, romelic
egviptidan kolxeTSi iqna gadatanili. Tavisi xasiaTiT
es misteria hermesuli (anu merkuruli) xasiaTisa iyo. am
miniSnebiT ukve bevri ramaa naTqvami kolxuri misteriebis
Taviseburebebze.
egviptidan kolxeTSi gadmotanili cnobierebis fo­
r­ma, romelic Zvel egviptur sibrZnes efuZneba, da­
xasiaTebulia rogorc hermesuli cnobiereba.
egviptur misteriebSi hermesi is RvTaebaa, romelic
Rrmad ukavSirdeba iseT mistikur gancdas, rogoricaa
adamianis mimarTeba sikvdilis samyarosTan. hermesi
Suamavalia gardacvlil adamiansa da gardacvlil
uzenaes RvTaebas _ oziriss Soris. ozirisis samsjavroze
gardacvlilTa sulebs swored hermesi acilebs.
advilad SevamCnevT, rom sesostrisis (ramzes II-is)
aRmosavleTSi mogzaurobisa da iq dasaxlebebis daarsebis
istoria msgavsia aseve egvipturi uzenaesi RvTaebis —
ozirisis istoriisa.
egviptelTa mziur RmerTs ozirissac, roca is
egvipteSi mefobda, aziaSi umogzauria, iqauri xalxi
gaunaTlebia, qalaqebi auSenebia.
yvela Tavis saqmianobaSi oziriss ToTi exmareboda.

_ 28 _
egvipteli ToTis berZnuli dasaxelebaa hermesi. ro­
maelebi mas merkurs eZaxian. egviptur gadmocemaSi
hermesi ozirisis brZeni mrCevelia.
swored aziis laSqrobidan dabrunebis Semdeg ozirisi
mZime gansacdelis winaSe aRmoCnda. mas aujanyda sakuTari
Zma — seTi (tifoni). man ozirisi motyuebiT kidobanSi
Caketa da nilosSi Caagdo. kidobani finikiaSi gairiya.
didi xnis Ziebis Semdeg izidam kidobani finikiaSi
ipova. ozirisi mainc ver gadaurCa sikvdils. seTma misi
sxeuli 14 nawilad daWra da mTel egvipteSi mimoabnia.
izidam yvela nawili Sekriba, magram ozirisis gacocxleba
veRar SeZlo.
ozirisi micvalebulTa samyaros gamgebeli gaxda.
gardacvalebis Semdeg hermesi sulebs ozirisis
samsjavroze waradgenda. advili SesamCnevia, rom ozirisis
egvipturi misteria Tavis gamoxmaurebas povebs afsirtes
daRupvis istoriaSic. jer ozirisis msgavsad sesostrisi
laSqrobs kolxeTSi da aq dasaxlebebs aarsebs, Semdeg
igives akeTeben kolxebi — ukve adriatikisa da dunais
sanapiroebTan afuZneben dasaxlebebs. afsirte ozirisisa
da sesostrisis msgavsad Tavisi jariT laSqrobaSi
(argonavtebis devnaSi) miemarTeba. adriatikis zRvaSi
afsirtesac RalatiT klaven. argonavtikis zogierTi
versiis mixedviT mokluli afsirtes sxeuli dakepes da
zRvaSi gadayares. vidre aieti afsirtes sxeulis nawilebs
agrovebda, argonavtebma gaqceva moaxerxes.
ozirisi mziuri RvTaebaa. kolxur misteriebTan
msgavseba am aspeqtSic aSkaraa. kolxeTis mefe aieti
heliosis Zea. kolxeTis ufliswul afsirteze apolonios
rodoseli xatovnad mianiSnebs:
`etlis sadave TviTon faeTonts, Wabuk afsirtes
eWira xelTa~.16
ese igi, afsirtec mziuri gmiris saxiTaa daxa­ sia­
Tebuli.

_ 29 _
 egvipturi misteriebis mixedviT, ozirisis amqveyniur
mefobaSi igulisxmeba is warsuli epoqa, roca adamianebi
mTlianad sulieri arsebebis garemocvaSi cxovrobdnen,
roca maT moqmedebaSi mTlianad sulieri samyaros
neba vlindeboda. SemdgomSi racionaluri azrovnebis
ganviTarebasTan erTad es Zveli suliereba TandaTan
daikarga, `mokvda~. ozirisi mokvda. sulier samyarosTan
ziareba axla ukve mxolod im mowafeebs SeeZloT, vinc
sikvdilis samyaroSi SeRwevas SeZlebdnen. swored
amitomac egvipturi xeldasxmis ritualebi sikvdilis
gancdaze iyo orientirebuli. adamiani maSin xvdeba
oziriss, roca sikvdilis karibWes gaivlis da mis winaSe
warsdgeba. dedamiwaze adamians ar SeeZlo ozirisTan
Sexvedra. miwier yofaSi ozirisis sxeuli danawevrebuli
iyo. mas aq ar SeeZlo arseboba.
hermesi Suamavalia adamiansa da uzenaes RvTaebas So­
ris. igi Suamavlis rols asrulebs Zvelsa da axal epoqas
Sorisac. igi Tavadaa racionaluri impulsebis matarebe­
li. racionaluri cnobierebis ganviTareba axali epoqis
erT-erTi centraluri amocanaa — magram ise, rom ar mox­
des sulierebis dakargva, suleTTan kavSiris gawyveta.
egviptur misteriebSi borotebasTan brZolaSi
uzenaesi mziuri RvTaeba kvdeba, magram mas rCeba Ze.
ozirisi micvalebulTa samyarodan evlineba hoross da
aswavlis, Tu rogor unda ebrZolos seTs. marTlac,
horosi brZolaSi amarcxebs seTs. saxezea gamarjvebuli,
qveynierebis mmarTveli Zis — horosis suraT-xati.
kolxur misteriaSi aietis Ze — afsirte iRupeba.
egviptis mefes oziriss Tavisma Zmam uRalata. afsirtes
sakuTari da Ralatobs. kolxeTSi mefe cocxali rCeba,
taxtis memkvidre ki kvdeba.
am mxriv pirdapiri analogiaa evropul misteriasTan.
borotebas iqac votanis (odinis) Ze balduri ewireba.
borotebis gansaxiereba — loki RalatiT klavs mas.

_ 30 _
 am mxriv kolxur da germanul-skandinaviur istoriebs
Soris paraleli aSkaraa. orive SemTxvevaSi mkvdari Ze
ver axerxebs aRdgomas. Zis aRdgomis saswauli mxolod
mogvianebiT ieso qristeSi iqca realobad. manamde is jer
kidev moumwifebeli miTosuri saxe iyo.
rogorc vnaxeT, kolxeTis ufliswul afsirtes is­
toriac ozirisis misteriebis Sinaarss gamoxatavs. axa­
li epoqis dasawyisSi, axali racionaluri cnobierebis
gariJraJze misi adgili aRar rCeba amqveyniur yofaSi.
is, rogorc Zveli misteriebis warmomadgeneli, axal mi­
waze — evropis sulier cxovrebaSi micvalebulis saxiT
warsdgeba. marTalia, kolxebma TavianTi kultura evro­
paSi Caitanes, magram maTi winamZRoli mkvdaria. sxvanai­
rad rom vTqvaT, kolxebma Zv. w. II aTaswleulis bolos
evropis kontinenti sikvdilis misterias aziares. sikvdi­
li sulieri TvalsazrisiT, cxadia, mxolod biologiur
sikvdils ar gulisxmobs. sakuTar TavSi CaRrmaveba, ada­
mianis cnobierebis Sinagani aqtivobac mistikuri sikvdi­
lis formaa. amgvari cnobiereba sru­ liad ucxo iyo im­
driondeli evropisTvis. druiduli samyaro mTlianad
garemoSi gamovlenil sulierebaze iyo orientirebuli.
rogorc Tanamedrove gamokvlevebi aCveneben, da­
mar­xuli RvTaebis sulieri xati damaxasiaTebeli unda
yofiliyo Zveli kolxuri misteriebisTvis.
vanis gaTxrebis dros aRmoCenil iqna Zv. w. III saukunis
erTi metad uCveulo samarxi. masSi erTmaneTis gverdiT
aRmoCnda ori gvami. erTi ekuTvnoda qurums, xolo
meore — kremaciis wesiT damarxul mZimed SeiaraRebul
meomars. am or namarxs Soris dafluli iyo daaxloebiT
30 sm-is simaRlis RvTaebis skulptura. igi liTonisagan
iyo Sesrulebuli da oqroTi iyo Semkuli.
am namarxSi aSkarad ikveTeba RvTaebis damarxvis
rituali, rac im periodisTvis damaxasiaTebeli miste­
riuli warmodgenebidan momdinareobda.17

_ 31 _
 votani, anu odini germanul da skandinaviur miTosSi
axali Taobis RmerTebis winamZRolia. man Zveli Taobis
RmerTebi daamarcxa da axal epoqas daudo saTave. votani
omis RmerTicaa. igi brZolis velis gamgebelia. votanis
Zalian bevri epiTeti arsebobs, sadac igi omis RmerTis
atributebiTaa warmodgenili. is aris jaris mama,
gamarjvebis RmerTi, omSi dacemulTa mfarveli da sxva.
Zveli germanuli miTologiuri panTeonis erT-erT
umTavres RvTaebas warmoadgenda `ziu~. igi Weqa-quxilis
gamgebeli iyo berZnuli panTeonis zevsis msgavsad.
Zveli Taobis RmerTis zius adgili daikava axali Taobis
RmerTma tirma, romelic amave dros omis RmerTic iyo.
ese igi, germanuli miTosis mixedviT Weqa-quxilisa da
omis RvTaeba tiri axali Taobis RmerTia da misi kulti
mogvianebiT Cndeba germanuli RmerTebis panTeonSi.18
germanul miTosSi arsebuli omis RmerTebi yvela
wyaros mixedviT mogvianebiT gamoCndnen. germanuli
tomebi manamde sxva RmerTebs scemdnen Tayvans.
odini omis RmerTebis — aesirebis mefe iyo. erT-
erTi miTis mixedviT didi omi gaCaRda Zvel RmerTebsa
da aesirebs Soris. axali Taobis omis RmerTebma odinis
meTaurobiT gaimarjves. sabolood maT Soris zavi daido
da axalma RmerTebma zeciur panTeonSi mniSvnelovani
adgili daikaves.
kolxuri omis RmerTis saxelis etimologiasTan
dakavSirebiT SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom analogiuri
fuZe aqvs bevr iseT RvTaebas, romlebic omis RmerTis,
an Weqa-quxilis RvTaebas gamosaxaven. z. gamsaxurdiam
aRniSna, rom fuZe `tar~ RvTaebas aRniSnavda da misgan
aris nawarmoebi uZvelesi mcireaziuli amindisa da
Weqa-quxilis RvTaebebis saxelebi. Taru egeosur-
anatoliuri fuZea, elva-Weqis RvTaebis aRmniSvneli
(aqedan momdinareobs qarTuli sityva `tarosi~ — amindis
aRmniSvneli). tarhu iyo luviuri panTeonis mTavari

_ 32 _
RvTaeba Weqa-quxilisa, xolo protoxeTur RvTaebaTa
panTeonSi omis RmerTis saxelwodeba iyo tar-xoni, tar-
xo~.19
berZnul istoriul wyaroebSi SemorCenilia cnoba
kolxuri samyarodan omis RvTaebis kultis berZnul
samyaroSi gadanacvlebis Sesaxeb. maSin, roca berZenTa
kulturul eqspansias bunebrivad Tan axlda maTi
religiuri kultebis aqtiuri gavrceleba, zogjer pi­
riqiT, kolxuri religiuri kultebic `axerxebdnen~
berZnul religiur sferoebSi SeRwevas.
berZnuli gadmocemebis mixedviT kolxidaSi gavrce­
lebulma zogierTma RvTaebam saberZneTSic SeaRwia. ax. w.
II saukuneSi arsebobda tradicia, rom sparta — tarapinis
gzaze yvelaze Zveli taZari iyo aresis salocavi, sadac
omis RmerTis statua inaxeboda. es statua gadmocemis
mixedviT dioskurebma kolxididan Camoitanes. am taZarSi
aresis zedwodeba yofila tereiti. rogorc fiqroben,
es saxeli kolxuria.20 rogorc Cans, omis RmerTs
mniSvnelovani adgili ekava Zveli kolxeTis RmerTebis
panTeonSi.21
kolxuri omis RmerTis kulti Zalze Zlieri yofila.
amitom, ar unda iyos gasakviri, Tu igi Zvel germanul
panTeonSic axerxebs fexis mokidebas. votanis, anu
odinis saxiT kolxuri omis RmerTi druidul samyaroSi
mkvidrdeba. dReisTvis ar aris cnobili, ra erqva am
RmerTs Tavad kolxur samyaroSi.
rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, votanis (odinis)
kulti evropaSi SavizRvispira misteriebidanaa gada­
tanili. misteriis gadanacvlebis epoqac zustad Se­
esabameba evropaSi kolxuri koloniebis daarsebis dros.
berZnulma miTebmac Semoinaxa cnoba kolxTa adriatikis
sanapiroebsa da dunais auzSi dasaxlebis Sesaxeb. ase
rom, istoriuli Tanxvedra aSkaraa.
mniSvnelovania germanuli miTosis uwyeba imis Sesaxeb,

_ 33 _
Tu rogor moipova votanma (odinma) runebi. odini codnas
iyo mowyurebuli. man Tavisi yuri gacvala sibrZnis
wyaros wyalSi. igi cxra dRe-Rame ekida samyaros xeze
SubiT miWedili da swored iq moipova runebi. runebis
mopovebiT odinis istoriaSi axali epoqa iwyeba.
gavixsenoT, rom argonavtebis mixedviT swored
xeze iyo dakidebuli verZis tyavi, romelzec, berZenTa
warmodgeniT, saidumlo warwerebi iyo gamosaxuli.
iasonma swored xeze dakidebuli oqros sawmisi moipova.
Zveli kultebis urTierTgavlenis sferoSi, cxadia,
erT-erTi sakvanZo sakiTxia RvTaebaTa etimologiis
dadgena. am sakiTxis Seuswavlelobis gamo dabejiTebiT
msjeloba Znelia, magram arsebobs zogierTi varaudi
etimologiuri paralelebis Sesaxeb.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom Zveli dros, Zveli Jamis
aRsaniSnavad qarTul enaSi arsebuli sityvebi `odindeli~,
`odiTgan~ SesaZloa kavSirSi iyos im uZveles epoqasTan,
roca odinis kulti arsebobda.22
ra Tqma unda, mxolod etimologiuri damTxveva ar aris
sakmarisi argumenti am sakiTxis dabejiTebiT mtkicebisa,
magram rogorc faqti, mainc gasaTvaliswinebelia Sem­
dgomi kvlevis gzaze.
ticitusis mixedviT Zvelgermaneli xalxebis umaR­
lesi kastis qurumebi iyvnen armanebi (Armanen).23 swored
am terminis mixedviT fon listi germanuli runebis
sistemas armanuls uwodebs.24
cxadia, germanelTa Zveli qurumebis es dasaxeleba
(armani) Zalze axloa Zveli qarTuli miTosis gmiris ami­
ranis saxelTan.
amiranis miTi mTel saqarTveloSia gavrcelebuli.
mas centraluri adgili ekava kolxur miTologiaSic.
varaudoben, rom amiranis miTosuri saxe daaxloebiT
3500 wlis win, ese igi, kolxuri misteriebis epoqaSi
Seqmnila.25 zemoT swored igive epoqa iyo miTiTebuli

_ 34 _
odinis misteriebis kolxeTidan dasavleTisaken gavrce­
lebasTan dakavSirebiTac.
aseve aSkara etimologiuri msgavseba arsebobs da­
savluri misteriebis erT-erT umTavres RvTaebas bal­
durs (baldrs) da qarTuli miTologiuri panTeonis
RvTaebebs Soris.
amiranis miTis erT-erT personaJs badri hqvia. badri
amiranis Zmaa.
balduris etimologiasTan aseve Zalze axloa qarTuli
miTosuri panTeonis kidev erTi RvTaeba — baaduri. erT-
erTi versiiT, saxeli baaduri `Sahnamedan~ momdinareobs,
magram am sakiTxze erTiani azri ar arsebobs.
qarTul miTosSi baaduri RvTisSvilia. igi gmiria,
naxevrad RmerTi. es aris erT-erTi uZvelesi xat-
salocavi. baaduris ZiriTadi salocavi gudanSia, Tumca
cnobilia, rom mas kidev ufro Zveli salocavi sane-
Reles mwvervalze hqonia.
baaduris erT-erTi epiTetia `beberi xati~. amave
dros igi moxsenebulia rogorc beri baaduri. ese igi,
miTosSi garkveviT mieniSneba, rom baaduris kulti Zalze
Zvelia, igi uZvelesi panTeonis RvTaebaa. morige RmerTma
RvTisSvilTagan pirvelad swored baaduri CamouSva
cidan.

_ 35 _
 e v r op u l i ru neb i

gavixsenoT, rom ozirisis sikvdilis istoriaSi

naTqvamia, rom seTma igi kidobanSi Caketa da niloss
gaatana. kidobanSi Caketva yvela drois mistikur
warmodgenaSi sulis miwier samyaroSi Caketvas, ma­
te­riaze mijaWvas mianiSnebs. seTi swored am Zalebis
warmomadgenelia. igi Zveli sulierebisgan mowyvetisken
ubiZgebs kacobriobas. egvipturi gadmocemebis mixedviT
ozirisis kidobani wyalma finikiaSi gariya. gvamis
sapovnelad izidas finikiaSi uwevs wasvla.
erT-erT aspeqtSi aq xatovnad mieniSneba Zveli
egvipturi sulierebis manifestaciis — ieroglifuri
anbanis Secvla finikiuri asoiTi anbaniT, rac ieroglifur
anbanTan SedarebiT gvamad ganixileba. egviptidan finikiaSi
midis sulieri damwerloba — egvipturi ieroglifuri
damwerloba, xolo ukan, egvipteSi brundeba ozirisis
gvami — abstraqtuli Srifti. bgeriTi anbani ukve aRar
gamosaxavs Rrma sulier Sinaarss. asoebi abstraqtul
bgerebs Seesabamebian da ara Sinaarss. es ukve axali
racionaluri epoqis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania.26
rogorc zemoT iTqva, kolxebma evropis kontinentze
Caitanes damwerlobis specifikuri saxe — runebi. es
ar aris is abstraqtuli anbanuri damwerloba, rac
finikiidan momdinareobs, magram imdroindeli druiduli
cnobierebisaTvis es namdvili revolucia iyo.
zogadad, runebis warmoSobis istoria kacobriobis
yofis uaRresad Zveli fenebidan iRebs saTaves. runebis
winare formebad SeiZleba vigulisxmoT yvela is magiuri
aRniSvna, rasac uZvelesi adamiani qvaze, an xeze kawravda
da masSi zemoqmedebis garkveul Zalas ganicdida.

_ 36 _
 arsebuli arqeologiuri masalebis mixedviT, ukve or
aTaswleulze metia, rac runebma evropul teritoriaze
sistematizebuli saxe miiRes da erTgvari damwerlobiTi
forma SeiZines.
runuli damwerlobis Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb sxva­dasxva
versiebi arsebobs. maTSi udao is aris, rom runuli dam­
werloba Zveli kacobriobis mier saukuneebis ganmav­
lobaSi gamomuSavebuli magiuri niSnebia, romelSic Zveli
qurumebi RvTaebriv qmedebas Wvretdnen. man TandaTan
sistematizebuli saxe miiRo. sazogadod, es etapi unda
vigulisxmoT runuli damwerlobis zeobis periodad.
SemdgomSi, Zv. w. I aTaswleulis meore naxevarSi runuli
damwerloba ukve bgeriTi anbanebis mibaZviT TandaTan
calkeuli bgerebis gamosaxvis funqciasac iTavsebs da
amiT TandaTan uaxlovdeba Cveulebriv anbanur sistemebs.
evropaSi runuli damwerlobis warmoSobis Sesaxeb
saboloo Tanxmoba dReisTvis ar arsebobs. gamoTqmulia
uamravi samecniero hipoTeza.
runebis gaSifvris mcdeloba ZiriTadad im warwerebis
mixedviT xdeba, sadac runebs ukve bgeriTi mniSvnelobebi
aqvT da garkveuli TanmimdevrobiTi mwkrivis formiT
raime sityvas gamosaxaven. es ukve runuli damwerlobis
ganviTarebis is etapia, roca isini damoukidebeli
ideogramebis saxiT ki aRar gvevlinebian, aramed an­
banur sistemebs uaxlovdebian da aqcenti bgerebis
asoiT gamoxatulebaze keTdeba. ese igi, es aris runuli
damwerlobis anbanurisken gadasvlis gardamavali
periodi. am movlenas evropaSi Zv. w. I aTaswleulis meore
naxevarSi hqonda adgili.
norvegieli mecnieris marstranderis koncefciis
mixedviT runebi Crdilo-etruskul-alpiuri weriTi
niSnebidan warmoiSva.
1812 wels gaTxrebis dros avstro-ungreTSi, ne­
ga­
usTan (Stiria) axlos, aRmoCenil iqna ori aTeuli

_ 37 _
brinjaos muzaradi, romlebic Zv. w. 200 wliT daTariRda.
maTze warwera alpiuri niSnebiT iyo Sesrulebuli, magram
germanuli teqsti ikiTxeboda.
am koncefciis Tanaxmad, Crdilo-etruskul-alpiuri
aso-niSnebis mixedviT axali welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi
markomanebis tomma zemo rainisa da zemo dunais regionSi
runuli damwerloba Seqmna.
iTvleba, rom etruskuli anbani dasavluri berZ­ nu­
lidanaa warmoSobili. maT Soris grafikuli msgavseba
namdvilad arsebobs. Tavis mxriv berZnuli anbanis
winamorbedad finikiuri anbani iTvleba.
zogierTi mkvlevari runebs laTinuri warmoSobisad
Tvlida, magram es varaudi male iqna uaryofili. bevri
maT warmomavlobas berZnul werilobiT sistemaSi eZebda.
arsebobs aseve farTod gaxmaurebuli koncefcia,
romlis mixedviTac runebi Savi zRvispiras mcxovrebma
goTebma Seqmnes.27
erTxans, gansakuTrebiT ki adolf hitleris periodSi,
runebis fuZemdeblad germanelebi iTvlebodnen, magram
am koncefciam seriozuli mxardaWera ver pova.
g. ienseni Tvlis, rom runebis dasaxelebebi uZveles
epoqaSi ideogramebis dasaxelebebi iyo, Semdeg ki roca
calkeuli ideogramebi uSualod gadavidnen runul
anbanSi, maT igive dasaxelebebi SeinarCunes.28
igive g. iensenis mixedviT Zvel germanelebs hqondaT
primitiuli werilobiTi niSnebi _ ideogramebi, romlebic
azrobriv niSnebs warmoadgenda. maTi saSualebiT ra­
ime Setyobineba ar gadmoicemoda. es ideogramebi ga­
moiyeneboda magiuri miznebisaTvis. am azris dasa­
mowmeblad xSirad moyvanilia tacitusis sityvebi,29 sadac
naTqvamia, rom germanelebma orakulisgan miiRes joxebi,
romlebzec datanili iyo niSnebi da misi saSualebiT
winaswarmetyvelebdnen. bevr mecniers saeWvod eCveneba
es cnoba, radgan Tvlis, rom axali eris dasawyisis

_ 38 _
germanuli runuli anbani mkveTr msgavsebas amJRavnebs
samxreTul anbanebTan.
swored am periodidan Cndeba germanuli runuli
warwerebi qvemo rainis auzSi, cota mogvianebiT ki
aRmoCenilia goTuri Subis pirebze gamosaxuli runuli
niSnebi (ax. w. 230 w.).
ax. w. V-VII saukuneebSi ukve CrdiloeTis tomebi
(skandinavielebi) qmnian mravalricxovan runul Zeglebs.
daniaSi Zeglebze runuli warwerebi XII saukunemde
gvxvdeba. runebi didxans SemorCa SvedeTSi. man TiTqmis
ukanasknel saukuneebamde (XVIII s.) moaRwia. misi naSTebi
Tanamedrove epoqaSic ki gvxvdeba.
evropaSi runuli anbanebi aSkarad saerTo fuZidan
ganviTarda. amitomac klasikur runul sistemad iTvleba
germanuli runuli anbani, romelic 24 niSans Seicavs. es
anbani Tavad germaniaSi VIII saukunis Semdeg aRar ixmareba.
skandinaviis qveynebSi is gacilebiT dRegrZeli aRmoCnda.
inglisSi germanuli runuli anbanis safuZvelze
Seiqmna anglo-saqsuri runuli anbani, romelic 33 niSans
aerTianebda. es anbani laTinurTan erTad VIII saukunemde
iyo xmarebaSi.
runul anbanSi yvela runas aqvs dasaxeleba. Tavad
runis fonetikuri mniSvneloba xSirad am dasaxelebis
pirvel asos Seesabameba.
Tavad klasikurma runulma anbanma Tavisi dasaxeleba
(`futark~) pirveli eqvsi runis fonemis erTobisagan
miiRo.
roca runuli damwerloba fonemur niSanTa sistemad
iqca, man faqtobrivad dakarga Tavisi Tavdapirveli
ideogramuli gamomsaxveloba da paralelur anbanur
sistemad Camoyalibda. SemdegSi man konkurencia veRar
gauwia klasikur anbanur damwerlobas da TandaTan
dakarga gavrcelebis areali.
runuli damwerlobidan anbanur sistemebze gadasvlis

_ 39 _
erT-erT gardamaval etapad SeiZleba ganvixiloT goTuri
anbanis Seqmna.
goTebis episkoposma vulfilam bibliis goTurad
Targmnisas uari Tqva goTur runul damwerlobaze. man
ZiriTadad berZnuli anbanis gamoyenebiT Seqmna axali
anbanuri sistema, magram zogierTi aso-niSani Zveli
runuli damwerlobidan aiRo. im droisaTvis ukve aSkara
iyo, rom runuli damwerloba Tavisi gamomsaxvelobiTi
Taviseburebis gamo Cveulebriv damwerlobad ver ga­
modgeboda. runebi damoukidebeli ideogramebia. bibliis
teqstis gadmosacemad ki bgerebis zusti ga­ mosaxva iyo
saWiro, raTa bibliis teqstis Sinaarsi zedmiwevniT
zustad yofiliyo gadmocemuli.
ase rom, episkoposma vulfilam goTuri anbanis saxiT
faqtobrivad Sereuli anbani Seqmna. am faqtSi naTlad
vlindeba runuli epoqis dasasruli.
Tavad termin `runa~-s warmomavlobisa da mniSvnelobis
Sesaxeb saboloo Tanxmoba ar arsebobs. germanuli
sityva runa, rune dakavSirebulia goTur rûna-sTan, rac
`saidumlos~ niSnavs. aseve masTan axlos mdgomia Zveli
germanuli sityva (zmna) rûnen (Tanamedrove germanulSi
raunen), romlis mniSvnelobaa — `CurCuli~.
aseTive mniSvnelobebis sityvebi sxva enebSic gvxvdeba.
rogorc naijel penikma miuTiTa, Zvel kelturSic
sityva run aseve `CurCuls~ niSnavda, xolo Tanamedrove
irlandiurSi sityva run — `saidumlos~.30
es mniSvnelobebi Zalze kargad gamosaxavs Tavad
runebis Sinaarss. cxadia, runebi Zvel droSi mniSvnelovan
saidumloebebs gamosaxavdnen da am dros maTi swavlebac
albaT idumalad, intimur garemoSi xdeboda.
Zvel droSi mravali saxis runuli niSan-simbolo
arsebobda. maTi zusti ricxvis dadgena SeuZlebelia.
anbanuri damwerlobis niSnebad maTgan mxolod daax­
loebiT ocdaaTi iqna gamoyenebuli. ese igi, runebi

_ 40 _
gaiyo or nawilad: runa-asoebi da runa-ieroglifebi.
runa-aseobma SeinarCunes TavianTi dasaxelebebi da
mniSvnelobebi, xolo runa-ieroglifebma anbanuri dam­
werlobis danergvis Semdeg TandaTan dakarges Zveli
mniSvnelobebi, radgan maTi gamoyeneba damwerlobis
niSnebad SeuZlebeli iyo.
Tanamedrove epoqaSi runebis Zveli sulieri mniSv­
nelobebi yvelaze metad skandinaviur cnobierebaSi
SemorCa.
Crdilouri miTebis mixedviT samyaro pirvelyofili
qaosidan warmoiSva. am qaoturi substanciidan pirvelad
androgenuli giganturi arseba umri Seiqmna. am gigantis
saxeli `umr~ niSnavs _ `moRriale (myvirali) xma~. ese igi,
pirveladi arseba xmis saxiTaa warmodgenili. samyaros
pirveladi xmovaneba aseve cnobilia samxreTuli da
aRmosavluri religiebisTvisac. induri warmodgenebiTac
samyaro pirvelad ismineboda da mxolod Semdeg
gaxda xilvadi. imave azrisaa iudeuri da qristianuli
msoflmxedvelobac.
samyaros Sesaqme imiT grZeldeba, rom umri odinma
da misma Zmebma mokles da misi sxeulisgan qveyniereba
Seqmnes. alegoriulad, aramaterialuri substanciis
materializacia swored sikvdiliT gamoisaxeba. materia
umris sxeulisgan iqmneba da mis struqturas safuZvlad
edeba Tovlis fifqis forma. materialuri samyaros
yvela kanonzomierebas fifqis heqsagonuri forma
gansazRvravs. ramdenadac cnobilia, gayinuli wylis
molekulac zustad heqsagonuri formiTaa agebuli.
Sesaqmes miTi gadmogvcems, rom marTalia mTeli
qveyniereba fifqis sqemiTaa Seqmnili, magram misi
organizacia gaazrebulia rogorc kosmosuri xe. Tavad
es kosmosuri xec swored Tovlis fifqis formiT
gamoisaxeba.
Crdiloeli xalxebis miTologiaSi arsebobs samyaros

_ 41 _
Seqmnis erT-erTi `versia~, romlis mixedviTac samyaro
Seiqmna erTaderTi yinulis namcecisgan, yinulis
marcvlisgan.31
Sesaqmes es versia adamianTa realuri dakvirvebis
Sedegebidan momdinareobs. Crdiloeli xalxebi gan­
sa­
kuTrebiT intensiurad iyvnen dakavSirebuli ga­ re
samyarosTan, bunebis ZalebTan. samxreTeli civili­
zaciebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelTa yuradRebac didi
doziT iyo mimarTuli adamianis Sinagani arsebisken,
Crdilouri kulturebi TavianTi cnobierebis dasayrdens
umTavresad bunebis Zalebsa da movlenebSi eZebdnen.
Sinagani koncentracia, sakuTari arsebis Sinagani gancda
maTTvis uCveulo movlena iyo. Crdiloeli xeldasxmulebi
swored bunebis movlenebSi Wvretdnen Sesaqmes process.
fizikuri samyaro maT cnobierebaSi warmodgenili
iyo oTxi mTavari stiqiis (miwa, wyali, haeri, cecxli)
da kidev mexuTe elementis, maTi damakavSirebeli
sulieri substanciis saxiT. am stiqiebis erTmaneTSi
gadasvla fizikurad siTbos zemoqmedebiT xdeba. haeris
gacivebisas misgan wylis wveTebi gamoiyofa. balaxze
dafenili nami amis naTeli dadasturebaa. wyali, Tavis
mxriv, gacivebisas yinulad gardaiqmneba. siTbos, anu
cecxlis zemoqmedebiT ukuprocesic analogiuria.
yinuli wylad gardaiqmneba, wyali _ haerad. cecxli kidev
ufro faqizi substanciaa. vizualuri dakvirvebisas isic
aSkaraa, rom wyali mxolod mdinareebsa da zRvebSi ki
araa, aramed arsebobs `zeda wyalic~, romelic haerSia.
mcire gacivebiT is zevidan wvimad moedineba, xolo
Zlieri gacivebiT myar nivTierebad _ Tovlad iqceva.
Crdiloeli xalxebisTvis haeris es gamyarebis procesi
gansakuTrebulad cxadi realobaa. myari materiis
Seqmnis es suraT-xati veranairad ver warmoiqmneboda
imave periodis, magaliTad, egviptur kulturaSi. ese igi,
Crdiloeli realurad xedavs, rom siTbos, anu cecxlis

_ 42 _
CamocilebiT haeridan myari nivTiereba, anu `miwis~
stiqia warmoiqmneba. ase rom, samyaros Sesaqmes zemoT
naxsenebi miTi Crdiloeli xalxis realuri dakvirvebidan
momdinareobs. adamiani xedavs, rom Sesaqmes procesSi
materia gansazRvruli kanonzomierebiT formirdeba.
haeridan `Camosul~ materias TviTneburi forma ki ara
aqvs, aramed sruliad zust geometriul kanonzomierebas
eqvemdebareba. rogorc cnobilia, fifqebi, romlebic
cidan mofrinaven, zusti kanonzomierebiT eqvsqimiani
varskvlavebis saxisani arian.

am gamosaxulebas Zalze myari geometriuli saxe

aqvs: aq yvela xazi erTmaneTis tolia. yvela kuTxec
erTnairia. ese igi, samyaros Sesaqmisas yovel nawilakze
erTi da igive niSani aRibeWdeba _ es aris fifqis
geometriuli gamosaxuleba. Crdilouri misteriebis
xeldasxmulni am niSanSi RvTaebrivi Sesaqmes umTavres
simbolos Wvreten. buneba Tavad gamosaxavs am niSans.
radgan materia sulierebis TandaTan gamkvrivebiT,
stiqiebis safexurebrivi gavliT miiReba, cxadia,
xeldasxmuli cdilobs am sulierebis kvali materiaSi
amoikiTxos. materiaSi sulierebis Wvretis gza swored
am safuZvlidan iwyeba.
samyaros amgvari aRqma evropel xalxebSi evoluciis
garkveul etaps Seesabameba.
materiaSi gamosaxuli niSnebis mistikuri Wvreta ar
iyo damaxasiaTebeli Zveli druiduli samyarosTvis. maTi
cnobiereba mTlianad grZnobad-xatovani iyo da bunebis
sulierebas mTeli arsebiT iyvnen micemulni. isini arc

_ 43 _
arafers werdnen da arc arafers kiTxulobdnen. Zvel
druidul cnobierebaSi revoluciuri procesi maSin
daiwyo, roca Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroebidan maT
RmerTebis panTeonSi axalma RmerTebma SeaRwies. es iyo
votanis (odinis) kulti.
umaRlesi RvTaeba odinis saxeliT skandinaviis
xalxebSia cnobili. imave RvTaebas inglisSi vodini erqva,
xolo Sua evropaSi _ votani. dReisTvis ucnobia, ra iyo
misi pirveladi kolxuri saxeli.
skandinaviaSi arsebuli zepiri tradiciis mixed­
v­
iT, odini 49 saxeliT iyo cnobili. sxvadasxva xal­
xebSi saxelebis garda Tavad odinis saxec Zalze
mravalferovnadaa warmodgenili. miuxedavad imisa, rom
odini uzenaes RvTaebas ganasaxierebs, skandinaviur
miTebSi arsebobs warmodgenebi, sadac es saxeli
mikuTvnebuli aqvs adamians. kerZod, naTqvamia, rom vinme
sigi iyo im xalxis beladi, romelic ax. w. I saukuneSi
kaspiis zRvasTan axlos cxovrobda. am belads Tavad
uzenaesi RvTaeba odini gamoecxada, ris Semdegac is Tavis
toms CrdiloeTisken gauZRva da SvedeTis teritoriamde
miaRwia. am pirovnebas SemdegSi ukve Tavad ewodeboda
odini. am `istoriulma~ odinma Seqmna mniSvnelovani
kultura, xolo gardacvalebis Semdeg xalxSi RvTaebad
iqna miCneuli. misi saflavi SvedeTSia.
vfiqrobT, am miTSi SemorCenilia skandinavieli
xalxis mexsierebaSi daleqili istoriuli Sre, romlis
mixedviTac odinis kulti am xalxebSi samxreT-
aRmosavleTidan movida. rogorc aRvniSneT, Sua evropis
xalxebSi odinis pirvelad samSoblod Savi zRvis sanapiro
igulisxmeboda, sadac im dros kolxeTis kultura
arsebobda.
votani samxreTuli misteriebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
hermesuli cnobierebiT xasiaTdeboda. gadmocemis
mixedviT es hermesuli kulti Zvel kolxeTSi egviptidan

_ 44 _
gadavida. TiTqmis aTeuli saukunis Semdeg, daaxloebiT
Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebidan kolxuri misteriebi evropis
teritoriaze iWrebian. evropuli miTebi cxadad asaxaven
maT panTeonSi axali Taobis RmerTebis mosvlisa da
ZvelebTan brZolis istorias. rogorc istoriulad
xdeba xolme, axalgazrda RmerTebma votanis (odinis)
meTaurobiT gaimarjves. Zvel da axal RmerTebs Soris zavi
daido. axalma RmerTebma mniSvnelovani adgili daikaves
evropeli xalxebis religiur warmodgenebSi. odins
kolxeTidan druidul samyaroSi hermesuli cnobiereba
Seaqvs. es cnobiereba ki swored samyaros racionalur
aRqmas gulisxmobs. swored misTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli
garegan formebSi simboluri mniSvnelobebis Wvreta,
sulieri arsis geometriuli formiT warmodgena,
maTematikuri da geometriuli niSnebis metafizikuri
arsis garkveva, bgerebisa da sityvebis niSnebiT gamosaxva.
es yvelaferi sruliad ucxo iyo druiduli
samyarosTvis. odinma evropaSi Caitana racionaluri
azrovnebis elementebi. Zveli cocxali suraT-xatovani
cnobierebis fonze es iyo mkvdari, usulo gamosaxulebebi.
Zveli xeldasxmulebi masSi sikvdilis Zalebs xedavdnen.
Zveli suliereba ecemoda. adamiani ufro met mniSvnelobas
aniWebda abstraqtul gamosaxulebebs. TaobaTa brZolac
swored am dapirispirebaSi gamoixateboda.
miuxedavad Zveli sulierebis dacemisa, cnobierebis
racionaluri mimarTuleba kacobriobis evoluciis
aucilebeli nawili iyo da, bunebrivia, TaobaTa
dapirispirebac swored amitom damTavrda odinis
gamarjvebiT. votanma, anu odinma evropis kontinentze
magiuri niSnebi _ runebi Caitana. runebi swored is
geometriuli gamosaxulebebia, romlebSic samyaros
kanonzomierebebia mocemuli. es niSnebi Tavad Semoqmedma
aRbeWda materiaSi. odinma isini swored miwieri samyaros
SemecnebiT moipova.

_ 45 _
 runebis mopovebis istoria miTosur suraT-xatebSia
moTxrobili.
runebis warmoSobis miTosuri istoria gadmocemulia
CrdiloeTis xalxebis zepirsityvierebaSi. praqtikul
sferoSi runebi yvelaze didxans skandinaviis qveynebSi
SemorCa. samxreT da Sua evropaSi maT konkurencia ver
gauwies qristianul eklesias. am teritoriebze runebis
damwerlobiTi funqciac Zalze Seaviwrova samxreTidan
Semosulma anbanurma sistemebma. evropis xalxebmac maTi
mibaZviT sakuTari anbanuri sistemebi Seqmnes da runulma
damwerlobam funqcia dakarga.
runebis pirveladi, warmarTuli mniSvnelobebi uZve­
lesi saxiT SemorCenili ar aris. maTze msjeloba mxolod
zepiri tradiciebiT da skandinaviis qveynebSi TiTqmis
Tanamedroveobamde SemorCenili runuli Samanebis ga­
fermkrTalebuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze SeiZleba.
uZvelesi werilobiTi wyaroebi, romlebSic ale­
goriuli eniTaa aRwerili runebis warmoSobisa da
daniSnulebis Sesaxeb, aris skandinaviuri edebi. es aris
konkretuli avtorebis mier Segrovili da mxatvruli
saxiT gamosaxuli skandinaviuri miTebi. swored am miTebSi
mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia runebTan dakavSirebul
istorias.
egreT wodebuli `ufrosi eda~, romelic islandieli
vikingebis mier Seqmnil poeturi saxiT daweril miTebs
aerTianebs, Sedgenilia qristiani beris saimundis mier
ax. w. VIII saukuneSi.
`mcire eda~ ufro gvian, XIII saukuneSi daiwera
islandieli moRvawis snori sturulsonis mier.
islandiasa da norvegiaSi mcxovreb vikingebs mravali
saukune Tqmulebebis saxiT SemounaxavT es istoria.
orive eda Zveli miTebis krebulia, Tumca am miTebis
warmoSobis Sesaxeb mecnierTa Soris erTiani azri ar
arsebobs.

_ 46 _
 bevri mecnieri fiqrobs, rom radgan miTebis Cawera
qristianul epoqaSi moxda, warmarTuli miTebi ukve
qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis gavlenas ganicdis da
maTi pirveladi Sinaarsebi ukve Secvlilia.
`ufrosi edis~ mixedviT, runebi odinma moipova.
odinma kacobriobisTvis sikeTis motanis mizniT gaiRo
msxverpli _ sakuTari nebiT SubiT mieWeda maRal
xeze. odini TaviT qvemoT iyo dakiduli cxra dRis
ganmavlobaSi. xis fesvebi usasrulod Rrmad eSveboda
miwis wiaRSi. odini cxra dRis ganmavlobaSi Cahyurebda
qvesknels. am drois manZilze ar miuRia arc saWmeli, arc
sasmeli. cxra dRis Semdeg man qvesknelSi dainaxa runebi.
sxva fragmentSi naTqvamia, rom kosmosur xeze
TavdaRma dakidebulma odinma miwaze dayara cxra joxi.
joxebma erTmaneTze gadaWdobiT Seqmnes geometriuli
saxe, romelSic odinma runebi dainaxa.

marTlac, yvela runa am geometriul sqemaSi iwereba.

gadmocemis mixedviT odinma 24 runa dainaxa da swored
es jgufi dRemde klasikur runul sistemad iTvleba,
Tumca maT garda kidev mravali runaa cnobili.
rogorc vxedavT, odinis dayril cxra joxs miwaze
Tovlis fifqebi gamousaxavs. samyaros pirvelsawyisi xom
swored es formaa. cxra joxi runuli sqemisTvis ufro
martivi saxiTac SeiZleba gamoisaxos:

_ 47 _
 am sqemaSi cxra `joxia~ da masSi yvela runa advilad
Tavsdeba.
rogorc legenda gadmogvcems, odinma runebi miwis
wiaRidan moipova. ese igi, runebi man grZnobad samyaroSi,
bunebis kanonzomierebebSi amoikiTxa. isini qveynierebis
Seqmnisas aRibeWda masSi. radgan materiis Sesaqme fifqis
formis gamosaxulebis safuZvelze ganxorcielda, buneb­
rivia, runebic swored am geometriul sqemas daefuZna.
runebis mosapoveblad odinma didi msxverpli gaiRo.
man erTi Tvali Seswira.
cxadia, esec konkretuli sulieri xatia. sazogadod,
fizikuri Tvalis dabneleba simbolurad imas niSnavs,
rom adamians mzera fizikuri samyarodan sulierze
gadaaqvs, fizikuris nacvlad sulier samyaros Wvrets.
radgan odinma mxolod erTi Tvali daTmo, es niSnavs,
rom igi erTdroulad fizikur samyarosac aRiqvams da
suliersac. odini fizikur samyaroSi sulier anabeWds
Wvrets. swored es aris kidec runa.
aseve mniSvnelovania imis garkvevac, Tu ratom ekida
odini kosmosur xeze TaviT qvemoT?
es aris cnobili sulieri xati:
cxovelisgan gansxvavebiT adamians da xes saerTo
is aqvT, rom vertikaluri mimarTulebiT arian
ganviTarebuli. adamiani qveda kidurebiT miwaze dgas.
sxeuli vertikalur mdgomareobaSia. mxrebidan zemoTaa
mimarTuli zeda kidurebi _ xelebi. tanis vertikali
zeviT TaviT mTavrdeba. ese igi, adamiani fexebiT miwas
eyrdnoba, TaviT ki ciskenaa mimarTuli.
_ 48 _
 adamianis sasqeso organoc zogadad kidurebis rigSi
ganixileba da isic qveviTaa mimarTuli. sqematurad
adamiani ase gamoisaxeba:

Tu imave TvalsazrisiT xes ganvixilavT, davinaxavT,

rom aq yvelaferi piriqiTaa. xe amobrunebuli adamiania.
Tavis Sesabamisi xeSi fesvebia. skandinaviuri kosmogoniis
mixedviT, kosmosur xes sami fesvi aqvs. am fesvebiT igi
miwis siRrmeSia Cazrdili da sami sxvadasxva sferodan
iRebs mkvebav wyals. xis tani adamianis tanis analogiuria,
xolo vertikalurad gaSlili totebi _ kidurebis.
sqematurad xec adamianis msgavsi grafikiT SeiZleba
gamoisaxos, magram Sebrunebuli TanmimdevrobiT.
roca odini TaviT daRma mieWeda kosmosur xeze,
es niSnavs, rom am dros is xis mdgomareobaSi gadadis
da srulad erwymis kosmosuri xis arsebas. amave dros
SubiT miWedeba faqtobrivad jvarcmacaa. odini gadis
cxradRian iniciacias. is srulad eziareba kosmosur
xes. mas erTi Tvali dabrmavebuli aqvs, anu sulieri
mzera aqvs axelili. meore TvaliT fizikur samyaros
Wvrets. TavdaRma dakiduli odini miwis qvesiRrmeebs
Cascqeris. igi materiaSi gamovlenil sulierebas Wvrets.
es suliereba ki runebis formebSia gadmocemuli. ase
moipova odinma runebi, man igi qvesknelidan miiRo.
qvesknelidan sibrZnis mopoveba yvela Zveli
kulturisTvis cnobili suraT-xatia. igi gvxvdeba TiTqmis
yvela xalxis miTebsa da zRaprebSi. gansakuTrebiT
STambeWdavia iudeuri ezoteruli legenda solomonis

_ 49 _
taZris mSeneblis, xuramis mier miwis wiaRSi kaenisgan
miRebuli xeldasxmis Sesaxeb. iq xurams gonio, CaquCi da
sami saidumlo sityva gadaeca.
rogorc aRvniSneT, runebis, anu miwieri samyaros
safuZveli heqsagrama, anu Tovlis fifqis saxea. igive
heqsagrama gvxvdeba solomonis taZris legendaSic. aq
xuramis xeldasxma gamosaxulia rogorc wylisa da cecxlis
SeerTebis saidumlos Secnoba, rac ori sapirispirod
mimarTuli wesieri samkuTxediT gamoixateba.


qvevidan zeviT mimarTuli samkuTxedi cecxlia,
zevidan qveviT _ wyali.
am gamosaxulebaSi xerxdeba cecxlisa da wylis
SeerTebis saidumlos gadaWra.
rogorc irkveva, igive geometriuli safuZvelia
gamoyenebuli mcxeTis sveticxovlis SemTxvevaSic. sve­
ticxovlis taZaric da misi sulieri simbolikis ga­
momxatveli atributebic mTlianad heqsagramis sa­
fuZvelze igeba.32
rogorc solomonis taZris legendaSi, aseve sve­
ticxovlis misteriaSi centraluri adgili ukavia kos­
mosuri xis Temas.
mcxeTaSi swored es kosmosuri xe ikveTeba da mis
Zirze qristianuli taZari, sveticxoveli aRimarTeba.
solomonis taZris simbolikaSi sicocxlis xisa da
xe-cnobadis urTierTobis problemaa mocemuli, rac
sabolood golgoTaze gadaiWra. macxovris aRdgomiT
mkvdari xe ayvavilda.
samyaros sawyisad heqsagramis warmodgena ucxo ar
aris samxreTuli misteriebisTvisac. samyaros pirvel­

_ 50 _
sawyisad platoni swored tolgverda samkuTxeds
asaxelebs. swored am samkuTxeds efuZneba heqsagrama.
Sua saukuneebis evropaSic es gamosaxuleba Zalze
popularuli iyo. igi iTvleboda graalis simbolod.
bunebrivia, gavarkvioT, ra geometriuli kanon­
zomierebebiTaa agebuli is sqema, romelic mTeli xiluli
samyaros Sesaqmes safuZvladaa miCneuli. rogorc
aRiniSna, skandinavielTa miTosSi es aris Tovlis fifqis
forma, geometriuli TvalsazrisiT _ heqsagrama.

odinis cxra joxmac xom swored heqsagrama gamosaxa.

xiluli samyaros yvela saidumloc runebis saxiT masSia
Cawerili.
sazogadod, xiluli samyaros Tormet mxared war­
modgena yvela xalxis cnobierebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
es warmodgena ZiriTadad kosmosis Tormet zodiaqod
dayofis analogiuria. kosmosi da dedamiwa erTi da
imave sqemiTaa dayofili. rogorc vxedavT, heqsagrama am
TormetobiT dayofasac gulisxmobs, radgan misi eqvsi
`sxivi~ da eqvsi waxnagi swored Tormet mimarTulebas
afiqsirebs. es dayofa Seexeba orientacias, magram roca
naTqvamia, rom is cxra joxisgan Sedgeba, aq igulisxmeba
ara sivrciTi orientacia, aramed cxrawevrovani Sed­
geniloba. cxrawevrovani Sedgeniloba, Tavis mxriv,
samobiT princips efuZneba (cxra samjer samia).
samyaros cxrawevrovani (anu samwevrovani) agebulebac
ar aris ucxo Zveli religiuri warmodgenebisTvis.
rogorc aRmosavleTis, aseve dasavleTis religiur

_ 51 _
swavlebaSi adamiani swored aseTi saxiT ganixileboda.
adamiani bunebrivad aris samwevrovani. igi Sedgeba
sxeulisgan, samSvinvelisgan da sulisgan. TiToeuli es
wevric, Tavis mxriv, sam-sam nawilad iyofa. magaliTad,
sxeuli Sedgeba gvamisgan (anu fizikuri sxeulisgan),
sasicocxlo sxeulisgan da grZnobadi sxeulisgan.
aseTive gradaciaa damaxasiaTebeli samSvinvelisTvisac
da sulisTvisac. samSvinvelis gradacia (grZnobadi
samSvinveli, gansjiTi samSvinveli, cnobieri samSvinveli)
Tanamedrove adamianis dakvirvebisTvis SedarebiT
gasagebia, magram sulis gradaciaze saubari, cxadia, Sors
scildeba mecnieruli dakvirvebis meTodebs. miuxedavad
amisa, rogorc aRmosavleTis, aseve dasavleTis
religiur swavlebaSi is cnobili iyo. magaliTad, induri
terminologiiT sulis am sam nawils manasi, budxi da
atma ewodeboda.
ese igi, adamiani farTo gagebiT cxra wevrovania. es
cxra nawili, Tavis mxriv, sam jgufadaa warmodgenili.
mTel gareSe sinamdviles adamiani aseve samwevrovnad
ganicdis. igi garkveviT xedavs Tavis yofas amqveyniur
sinamdvileSi (sknelSi), romlis zeviTac eguleba zeskneli
(zeca), xolo qveviT _ qveskneli.
rogorc irkveva, es samwevrovnebac imave gradacias
eqvemdebareba. ca aseve cxra ierarqiisgan Sedgeba.
magaliTad, qristianuli swavlebiT esenia: angelozebi,
mTavarangelozebi, sawyisni, xelmwifebani, Zalni, uf­
lebani, taxtni, qerubimebi, serafimebi. es cxra ierarqiac
sam-samadaa dajgufebuli.
Zvel ezoterul moZRvrebebSi qvesknelic zecis
analogiurad cxrawevrovania. qvesknelis cxrawevrovneba
xSirad gvxvdeba Zvel miTosur cnobierebaSic. igi
farTodaa warmodgenili qarTul xalxur zRaprebSic.
qarTul zRaprebSi aseve xSirad gvxvdeba sknelis
cxrawevrovnebac. magaliTad, roca naTqvamia, rom gmiri

_ 52 _
cxra mTas iqiT wavida, aq yovelTvis igulisxmeba, rom
man, garkveuli gagebiT, sknelis sfero datova. cxra
mTas iqiTa movlenebi ukve materialur sferos aRar
gulisxmobs da igi simbolurad zegrZnobad movlenebze
mogviTxrobs. zecaSi an qvesknelSi Casvlac xSirad cxra
sferos gadalaxvis Semdeg xdeba.
sknelis cxrawevrovnad warmodgena aseve farTodaa
damaxasiaTebeli Crdiloeli xalxebisTvisac.
odinis cxra joxic swored am cxrawevrovnebas
ga­mo­
saxavs. xiluli samyaros mTeli sibrZne mis
cxrawevrovnebaSia mocemuli. sulieri samyaros sai­
dumloebac am cxrawevrovnebaSia aRbeWdili da misi
Semecneba im runebiT SeiZleba, romlebsac am cxra
joxisgan Sedgenili fifqis forma, anu heqsagrama ga­
mosaxavs.
rogorc aRvniSneT, votanma (odinma) kolxeTidan Sua
evropaSi hermesuli cnobierebis elementebi Caitana.
Zvel druidul imaginaciur cnobierebaSi hermesuli
cnobiereba SeiWra. swored am cnobierebisTvisaa da­
maxasiaTebeli samyaros abstraqtuli simbolizeba.
marTalia, es niSnebi da simboloebi TviTneburi ar aris
da uSualod samyaros dakvirvebidanaa aRebuli, magram
mTlianad xatovan, imaginaciur cnobierebaSi mcxovrebi
druidebisTvis igi mainc Zalze uCveulo iyo. samxreTSi
hermess swored amitomac miewereba iseTi qmedebebi,
rogoricaa anbanis Seqmna, geometriis gamogoneba,
adamianebisTvis racionaluri azrovnebis swavleba.
meti sicxadisTvis gavecnoT runebis sulier mniS­
v­nelobebs im saxiT, rogorc isini skandinaviis qveynebSi
dRevandlamdea SemorCenili:
Fe (F)

_ 53 _
 es aris maradiuli Sesaqmes Zalebis gamomxatveli
runa.
es aris moZravi energia, romelic yvela sagansa da
arsebaSi cirkulirebs, erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi
gadadis.
runa Fe gviCvenebs raRacis miRwevas, dasrulebas,
rac, amave dros, dasawyisia axali procesisa. ufro
cxovrebiseuli gagebiT, is aris simdidris simbolo,
magram es ar aris statikuri simdidre. masSi igulisxmeba
simdidris is forma, rac mudmiv moZraobasa da gan­
viTarebaSia.
es runa adamians exmareba dasaxuli miznis gan­
xorcielebaSi. mas SeeZleba sworad Seafasos Tavisi
simdidris WeSmariti Rirebuleba, gaarCios, ra aris
mTavari, an meorexarisxovani.
igi adamians aniWebs Zalas, warmatebiT daasrulos
dawyebuli saqme.

`ur~ U (u)

es runa aris simbolo miTologiuri wminda Zroxis

_ audumblis, rac niSnavs _ `mkvebavi~. es Zroxa Seiqmna
kosmosuri cecxlisa da yinulis pirveli Serevisas.
miTis mixedviT, samyaro pirvelyofili qaosisgan Seiqmna.
es qaosi arsebobda or ukiduresobas, cecxlsa da yinuls
Soris. `ur~ simbolurad swored am qaoss ukavSirdeba.
qaosis wiaRSi daibada giganti `umr~. mas Tavisi rZiT
kvebavda audumbli.
skandinaviuri miTebis mixedviT qaosSi Sobili giganti
umri androgenuli arseba iyo. is iyo erTdroulad dedac
da mamac im RmerTebisa, romlebic imdroindeli samyaros
wesrigs gansazRvravdnen.
_ 54 _
 runa `ur~, am SemTxvevaSi, ganasaxierebs im potencias,
romelic pirvelsawyis qaosSi arsebobda. am qaoss
Zvelnorvegiul enaze `ginung~ ewodeboda. es gamoTqma
gagebulia, rogorc araorganizebuli sasicocxlo arsi,
romelic gardaisaxeba formaSi, an sulSi. winsarTi `gin~
swored imas mianiSnebs, rom es arsi raRacis wina pirobaa
_ aqedan iwyeba raRac. Sesaqmes gagebiT is samyaros
arsebobis dasawyisia _ misi winapirobaa. `ur~ aris is
Zala, romelic jer argamovlenil samyaroSi Sesaqmis
winapirobaa _ misi gamovlenis potenciuri SesaZleblobaa.
ramdenadac runa `ur~ gamosaxavs Zroxa audumbls, igi
gvevlineba rogorc samyaros Sesaqmis kosmosuri deda.
bunebaSi runa `ur~-iT SeiZleba gamovsaxoT is
sasicocxlo energia, romelic TeslSi SeigrZnoba da
momavali dabadebisa da zrdis winapirobas warmoadgens.
runa `ur~-is praqtikuli gamoyenebac swored mis am
Tvisebas emyareba. am runas iyenebdnen maSin, roca adamians
esaWiroeboda Sinagani SemoqmedebiTi energiis gamovlena,
roca adamians undoda sakuTar TavSi epova Zala
raRac SemoqmedebiTi amocanebis gadasawyvetad, raRac
axali saqmis dasawyebad, SemoqmedebiTi suliskveTebis
asamaRleblad.
xSirad runa `ur~ ganixileboda aRdgomis simbolodac,
rogorc Zala ganaxlebisa _ sawyisad yovelgvari Sesaqmisa
_ mis pirvelmizezad.
SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom am runis gaxmovaneba _ `ur~
Zalze nacnobia samxreTuli kulturebisTvisac. rogorc
cnobilia, uri erqva SuamdinareTis qalaqs, saidanac
civilizaciis mniSvnelovani nakadebi iReben saTaves.
ebraelTa warmodgeniT, maTi kultura swored
uridan gamovida. ebraelTa mamamTavari abraami uridan
wamovida, raTa axali modgmisTvis mieca dasabami. uri
Zveli aRTqmis samyaros sawyisia, misi winapirobaa.
qarTul enaSi bolosarTi `ur~ swored imave Sinaarss

_ 55 _
gadmogvcems. is mianiSnebs, Tu sadaa ama Tu im arsebis,
an movlenis sawyisi. imaves niSnavs kiTxva _ sada-
uri? raRacis warmomavloba `ur~ nawilakis darTviT
aRiniSneba: Tbilis-uri, kax-uri, mTiul-uri, xalx-uri,
bavSv-uri da a. S.
skandinaviuri miTosis msgavsad, samyaros mkvebavi
Zroxac cnobili suraT-xatia samxreTul miTosSi.

`Turs~ TH (T)

iTvleba, rom am runis dasaxeleba skandinaviuri

warmoSobisaa da niSnavs `gigants~. igi mianiSnebs did
fizikur Zalaze, Zalismier, mizandasaxul moqmedebaze.
skandinaviuri Sesaqmes mixedviTac qaosis kosmosad
mowesrigebas didi Zalisxmeva sWirdeboda. praformis
formad gardaqmnisTvis garkveuli Zalisxmevaa saWiro.
Tumca yvela Tesli potenciurad Seicavs garkveul
formas, magram es potencia konkretuli Zalisxmevis gareSe
realobad ver iqceva. viRacam miwa Zalis gamoyenebiT
unda daamuSaos, gaafxvieros, sarevelebisgan gawmindos,
Tesli daTesos, ganviTarebisTvis pirobebi Seuqmnas da
misi zrdis procesSic gareSe zemoqmedebisgan daicvas.
makrosamyaroSic analogiuri suraTia. samyaros wes­
rigic ZalisxmeviTaa ganpirobebuli. ciuri sxeulebis
marTlzomier moZraobas grandiozuli kosmosuri Zalebi
gansazRvraven. ciuri sxeulebi TavianT orbitebze kon­
kretuli Zalebis zemoqmedebiT brunaven. es Zalisxmeva
au­
cilebeli faqtoria kosmosuri wesrigisTvis ro­
gorc makrokosmosSi, aseve mikrokosmosSi. adamianis
pirovnuli Tu sazogadoebrivi cxovrebac analogiur
kanonzomierebas eqvemdebareba. wesrigis dacvasac xSirad
Zalis gamoyeneba sWirdeba.
_ 56 _
 swored amgvar Zalas ganasaxierebs runa `Turs~.
grafikulad mas culis forma aqvs. swored culi
miiCneoda simbolod Zalis gamovlinebisa, Zalismieri
ganwmendisa axlis ganviTarebis mizniT.
arsebobs am runis interpretaciis Semdgomi ga­
grZelebac. igi miiCneva mamakacuri Zalis simbolod, rac
ganayofierebis unarsac gulisxmobs.
am runis geometriul saxeSi zogjer ekals, an falosis
formasac xedavdnen. zogadad, es interpretaciebic
ar ewinaaRmdegeba mis kosmogoniur daxasiaTebas. isini
SeiZleba kerZo saxeebad miviCnioT.

`ass~ A (a)

sityva `ass~ niSnavs RmerTs, amave dros, Zvel

anglosaqsur dialeqtze `piris~ mniSvnelobac aqvs.
ZvelTaganve am runaSi danaxuli iyo is kosmosuri Se­
moqmedebiTi Zala, romelic logosSi vlindeba. mi­ To­
logiuri TvalsazrisiT samyaroSi am Zalis gamovlena maSin
moxda, roca odinma da misma Zmebma vilim da vem giganti
umri mokles da misi sxeulisgan samyaro Seqmnes. swored es
axali samyaro Seiqmna sityvis SemoqmedebiTi ZaliT.
runa `ass~ gvevlineba im Zalad, romliTac Semoq­
medebiTma sulma, RvTaebrivma sityvam sakuTari Tavis
gamovlena moaxdina.
es runa ukavSirdeba haeris stiqias, radgan samyaroSi
sityva swored haerSi vibrirebs. es aris Zala, romliTac
haerSi aRiqmeba bgera, sityva, musika. haeri gansazRvravs
sasicocxlo sunTqvas. umris saxiT arsebuli substancia
swored imitom iqca mowesrigebul samyarod, rom mas
odinma sunTqva mianiWa, vilim _ grZnoba, xolo vem _
nebeloba.
_ 57 _
 odinis saxelSic es gancdaa mocemuli. Zvelnor­
vegiulad `od~ qars niSnavs. mTlianobaSi `odin~ niS­
navs moZrav, yovelives momcvel qars, anu yvelafris
ganmsWvalav suls.
ZvelTaganve runa `ass~ RvTaebrivi codnis simbolos
warmoadgenda da gamosaxavda winaparTa sibrZnes, ro­
melTan dakavSirebac am runiT SeiZleba.
runa Tavisi geometriuli moxazulobiT naZvis xes
hgavs. sqemaSi mxolod xis erTi mxarea mocemuli. ma­
radmwvane naZvi aris simbolo maradiulobis, ukvdavebis.
praqtikul sferoSi runa `ass~-s iyenebdnen adamianis
arsebaSi im SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis gasacocxleblad,
romliTac SesaZlebelia axali STagonebis mopoveba, axali
ideebis dabadeba, SemoqmedebiTi unarebis gaaqtiureba,
azrovnebiTi Zalebis gaZliereba, sasicocxlo energiis
gaaqtiureba.34

`reid~ R (r)

es aris Zala, romelic samyaroSi ritmul moZraobas

gansazRvravs. planetebis cikluri moZraoba mzis
irgvliv, mTvaris moZraoba dedamiwis irgvliv, yovelgvari
kosmosuri wrebrunva am runis Zalebs ukavSirdeba.
zogadad, es runa aris simbolo mizanmimarTuli
moZ­
raobisa. am moZraobaSi mudam igulisxmeba myari ka­
nonzomiereba, gawonasworebuli moqmedeba. xSirad
am runas adareben mxedars, romelic Tavisi nebis
Sesabamisad miaWenebs cxens.33 es moZraoba mxedrisganaa
kontrolirebadi.
ramdenadac runa `reid~ Zalze mWidrodaa dakav­Sire­
buli mzisa da sxva sxeulebis wrebrunvasTan, zogjer mis
simbolod gamosaxavdnen borbals rva sxiviT.
_ 58 _
 runis dasaxeleba `reid~ niSnavs rCevas, anu mrCevels,
TiTqosda igi mudam gawonasworebul rCevas iZleva.
Zvelad arsebobda tradicia, rom am runas, raime
saganze amokveTils, mogzaurobisas Tan waiRebdnen
xolme. mogzaurs xSirad sWirdeboda raRacis Zieba da
swori gadawyvetilebebis miReba, raSic am runis Zalebs
iyenebda. amitomac xSirad runa `reid~-s mogzaurTa
runas uwodebdnen.
praqtikul cxovrebaSi am runas maSin mimarTaven,
roca saWiroa raime situaciaSi swori mimarTulebis
garkveva, swori mimarTulebiT moqmedeba.
am runis Zalebi adamians exmareba Tavisi cxovrebis
ritmi sworad Seuxamos bunebis ritmebs, an religiuri
ritualebis ciklur monacvleobas.
runa `reid~ `r~ bgeris aRsaniSnavad iqna gamoyenebuli.
`r~ bgeris mniSvnelobac swored ciklur moZraobas
gamoxatavs. maT Soris sruli Sesabamisobaa.

`ken~ K (k)

es runa gamoxatavs Sinagan sinaTles. es aris Sinagani

cecxli, romelic `rogorc cecxlis ali mWedlis quraSi
nivTierebas gadaaqcevs damyolad da damuSavebisTvis
vargisad~.35
sityva `ken~ erTdroulad niSnavs rogorc `codnas~,
aseve `SeZlebas~. es runa gamosaxavs im Zalas, romelsac
SeuZlia `Sinagani naTeli~ mohfinos raime gaurkvevlobas.
ramdenadac igi Sinagani cecxlia, Seswevs Zala Sinagani
gardaqmnisTvis, axleburi saxiT formirebisTvis. `ken~-
iT aRZruli energia safuZvelia raime sakiTxisadmi
enTuziazmis aRZvrisa, Ziebis gzis miniSnebisa. adamians
aRZravs Ziebisa da Semecnebisken.

_ 59 _
 `ken~-is cecxlovani energia angrevs Zvels da xels
uwyobs axali formebis dabadebas. es runa garkveulobas
aniWebs azrebs, erTgvar sinaTles hfens maT, adamians
exmareba azris naTlad gadmocemaSi, ideis garkvevaSi.
`ken~ ar aris garegani cecxli. igi mudam Sinaganad
ganicdeba. igi adamians exmareba sakuTari Tavis ga­
moxatvaSi, naTel azrovnebaSi, aniWebs enTuziazms
moqmedebisTvis.

`gifu~ G (g)

es runa dakavSirebulia drois gancdasTan. dro

Zvelad ise abstraqtulad ar aRiqmeboda, rogorc
Tanamedrove epoqaSi. adamians hqonda gancda, rom mas
RmerTisgan garkveuli dro hqonda micemuli. es iyo
RmerTis saCuqari. swored runa `gifu~-Si igulveboda is
Zala, romliTac am drois sworad marTva SeiZleboda.
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze adamiani am dros msxverplad
gaiRebda da mis sanacvlod raRacas iRebda. es aris
uwyveti procesi, romlis daregulirebac am runis
Zalebs miewereboda.
drois msxverplSewirva igive sicocxlis msxverpl­
Sewirvaa, rac zogadad religiuri ritualis nawilia _
adamianis sulieri cxovrebis formaa.
ramdenadac dro uwyvetad mimdinareobs, runa `gifu~
amave dros kosmosuri borblis simbolocaa. es cikluri
brunva amave dros samyaros wonasworobis safuZvelicaa.
runa `gifu~ aseve gulisxmobs im Zalebs, romlebic
urTierTdapirispirebul arsTa wonasworobas ganapi­
robebs.
praqtikul qmedebaSi am runas mimarTaven drois sworad
marTvis unaris gasaZliereblad, swori urTierTobebis
_ 60 _
dasamyareblad rogorc gareT adamianebTan, aseve
Sinaganad, sakuTar maRal `me~-sTan.
`vinia~ W

`vinia~ _ es aris im yovlismomcveli siyvarulis

Zalis potenciali, romlis adamianze zemoqmedebac
sixarulis Sinagan gancdaSi gamoixateba.36 es aris Zala,
romelic adamianur arsebaSi amaRlebul ganwyobilebas
aZlierebs. aseT dros ukana planze midis wvrilmanebi,
sxva adamianebTan, an movlenebTan negatiuri ganwyobebi,
urTierTobebSi arsebuli bzarebi.
es runa pirovnebis Zalze piradul, intimur grZnobebs
gamoxatavs. igi adamians aniWebs unars, raRac diadiT,
srulyofiliT aRfrTovandes, masSi sixarulis gancda
hpovos. amgvari ganwyobileba mas Sinaganad ubiZgebs
srulyofilebisken eswrafvodes. Zvelnorvegiuli sityva
`vinia~ swored `srulyofilebis didebas~ niSnavs.
`vinia~ uangaro siyvarulis Zalaa. igi adamians
yoveldRiuri yofis wvrilmanebze maRla ayenebs,
yovelive arsebulSi amaRlebulis Wvretisken mimarTavs.
amgvari Sinagani ganwyobileba xels uwyobs adamianis
swrafvas moraluri idealebisken, rasac xSirad adamianis
potenciis swori realizacia mosdevs Sedegad.
adamiani ganicdis sixaruls Tavad am swrafvisganac.
amgvari jansaRi damokidebuleba, Sinagani amaRlebuli
ganwyobileba, Tavis mxriv, mkurnalad evlineba adamianis
fsiqikas, aqrobs Zvel Sinagan Wrilobebs. adamiani kma­
yofilebas grZnobs sakuTari SromiT, sakuTari gaRebuli
msxverplis Sedegad miRebuli Sedegebis gancdiT.
swored amitom runa `vinia~ sixarulisa da bednierebis
simbolod iTvleba.

_ 61 _
 `hagal~ H (h)

sityva `hagal~ iTargmneba rogorc `setyva~, anu setyvis

yinulis marcvali. mis simbolur mniSvnelobas xazs usvams
is garemoeba, rom yinulis es marcvali cidan Camovarda.
ese igi, uxilav, zeciur sivrceSi moxda gamyarebis
(kristalizaciis) movlena, ris Se­de­gadac xilul samyaroSi
materia Semovida. swored amitomac am runas ganixilavdnen,
rogorc xids uxilav da xilul samyaroTa Soris. radgan
amgvari sulieri datvirTva cisartyelasac aqvs, zogjer
runa `hagal~ cisartyelasTanac asocirdeboda.
skandinaviaSi yinulis marcvali xatovnad aRiqmeba
rogorc `Sesaqmes kvercxi~, pirveladi safuZveli
materialuri samyaros Seqmnisa. is aris pirveladi Tesli
yovelgvari yofierebisa.
ramdenadac yinulis kristali heqsagramis struq­
turas efuZneba, xSirad es runa eqvsqimiani varskvlaviTac
gamoisaxeba.

Crdilour miTologiaSi yinulis marcvali

warmoiqmneba kosmosuri cecxlisa da kosmosuri yinulis
SeerTebis Sedegad.
yinulis kristalebi dedamiwaze ukve gamyarebuli
saxiT gvevlinebian. maTi geometriuli struqtura myar
geometriul kanonzomierebas efuZneba. amitomac `hagal~
runis Zala am myari kanonzomierebis SenarCunebisken
swrafvaSia danaxuli _ igi aris safuZveli materialuri
ucvlelobisa, kanonzomieri wesrigisa.
_ 62 _
 rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, heqsagrama aris is geo­
metriuli sqema, romelSic yvela runa gamoisaxeba. odinis
miTSic swored heqsagrama gamoisaxa miwaze dayrili
joxebisagan. odinma RvTaebrivi runebi maTSi amoikiTxa.
runa `hagal~-is SemTxvevaSi swored es sqemaa mocemuli
da amitomac ganasaxierebs igi samyaros kvercxs. zogjer
am runas `dedobriv runasac~ uwodeben. igi Tavis TavSi
yvela danarCeni runis gamosaxulebasac moicavs.
kristalis es forma mxolod skandinaviaSi ar iyo
cnobili. zogan amgvar gamyarebul pirvelad elementad
kvarcis kristals ganixilavdnen. kvarcis kristals
skandinavielTa yinulis pirveladi nawilakis simboluri
datvirTva eniWeba.
`hagalisgan~ momdinare energia mowesrigebuli
samyaros energiaa. igi myar formas afiqsirebs. es aris
uxilavis xilulSi gamovlenis energia, anu kavSiri uxilav
da xilul samyaroTa Soris. ramdenadac realur yofaSi
setyvis marcvlebi mxolod myari materiis formirebis
process ki ar gamosaxaven, aramed stiqiis Sedegad
ngreva da ganadgurebac moaqvT, runa `hagal~-is erT-erT
aspeqtad imgvari potencialis arsebobac ganixileba,
romelsac gardaqmna mosdevs. igi angrevs Zvels da mis
adgilze axal wesrigs amyarebs.
am runis es orgvari buneba imiTacaa ganpirobebuli,
rom masSi danaxulia kosmosuri cecxlisa da yinulis
Sexvedra. cecxli dematerializaciis simboloa, yinuli
_ uZravi materiis. swored heqsagrama gamosaxavs sam­
xreTul misteriebSic cecxlisa da wylis harmoniuli
urTierTobis SesaZleblobas.

_ 63 _
 am runas praqtikulad maSin iyeneben, roca saWiroa
rTul situaciaSi simSvidis, simtkicis SenarCuneba. aseve
am ZaliT SesaZlebelia im gavlenebis transformireba, rac
xels uSlis harmoniul mTlianobas. ese igi, SesaZlebeli
xdeba arasasurveli gavlenebisgan ganTavisufleba.
adamianSi stimulirdeba unari daafiqsiros Tavisi
miswrafebebi, erTmaneTTan harmoniaSi moiyvanos sxva­
dasxva dapirispirebuli Tvalsazrisi (rogorc cecxli
da wyali).

`niid~ N (n)

zogadad, runologebi am runaSi Wvreten Zalebs,

romlebic mimdinare movlenebs aucileblobiT gan­
sazRvravs, aucilebel bedisweras uqvemdebarebs. runebis
epoqaSi movlenebis aucileblobiT gansazRvras bevrad
ufro farTo gageba hqonda, vidre imas, rasac dRes
bedisweras eZaxian.
skandinaviuri miTosis mixedviT runa `niid~ Rrmad
ukavSirdeba qalRmerT nornebs, romlebic drois mo­
nacvleobas warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis saxiT gan­
sazRvraven. ufrosi qalRmerTi gamoisaxeboda moxuci
qalis saxiT. mas erqva urd. es qalRmerTi mianiSnebda
warsuls, romelmac gansazRvra awmyos am saxiT arseboba.
SuaTana qalRmerTs erqva verdandi da igi im movlenebs
ukavSirdeboda, rac awmyoSi xdeba. verdandi gamoisaxeba
qali-dedis saxiT.
umcros nornas gamosaxavdnen gogonas saxiT. mas
erqva skald. axalgazrda qalRmerTi ganasaxierebda imas,
rac jer ar aris da unda iyos momavalSi.
nornebi, skandinavielTa warmodgeniT, arTaven Zafs,
_ 64 _
romelic sayovelTao bedisweras gansazRvravs. Zafi
gamosaxavs uwyvet dros, xolo is boWkoebi, romlisganac
is dairTveba, aris warsulis movlenebi, romlebic yo­
velwamierad awmyod iqcevian, awmyos movlenebs gan­
sazRvraven. swored am procesSi ibadeba momavalic.
momavali warsuliTa da awmyoTia ganpirobebuli.
nornebis saxeebi mkafiodaa mocemuli skandinaviur
miTSi sicocxlis xis, igdrasilis Sesaxeb. am kosmosur
xes dedamiwis siRrmeSi sami fesvi aqvs. isini sami Widan
ikvebebian sasicocxlo wyliT. aRniSnuli nornebi am Webs
mfarveloben. ese igi, kosmosuri xe dros samive aspeqtSi
aerTianebs.
adamianisagan warsulis sworad gageba gansazRvravs
mis sworad moqmedebas awmyoSi, rac Tavis mxriv, safuZveli
iqneba imisa, rac swori mimarTulebiT ganviTardeba
momavalSi. RmerTis nebis verganWvreta adamianis ar­
sebaSi bunebrivad iwvevs winaaRmdegobebs. movlenebis
kanonzomierebebis verSecnoba adamianSi gaorebas, mer­
yeobas, stresul mdgomareobebs amZafrebs. is ar aris
Tavdajerebuli, ver iRebs gabedul gadawyvetilebebs.
runa `niid~ swored droSi gansazRvruli kanon­
zomierebebis SegrZnebaSi exmareba adamians. amiT igi ufro
myarad dgas awmyoSi da naklebad eSinia momavlis, advilad
arkvevs mimdinare movlenebSi ra aris mniSvnelovani da
ra aris meorexarisxovani.

`iss~ E (i)

am runis dasaxeleba iTargmneba rogorc `yinuli~. es

dasaxeleba zustad gamoxatavs mis xasiaTs. rogorc wylis
yinulad gadaqcevisas misi forma fiqsirdeba, aseve `iss~
runis Zalebi mimdinare procesebis fiqsacias eswrafvis.

_ 65 _
es aris maformirebeli Zala. igi anelebs yovelgvar
moZraobas, formaSi fiqsaciisken, uZraobisken mihyavs igi,
plastikurobas ukargavs yovelives da simkvrives aniWebs.
es runa anelebs procesebis ganviTarebas, sta­ tikur
mdgomareobaSi gadahyavs igi. misi zemoqmedebiT xdeba
stabilizacia, ucvlelobis SenarCuneba, energiis `Senaxva~.
marTalia, es runa uZraobas aniWebs adamians, magram
es ar niSnavs, rom adamiani bolomde pasiuri rCeba. `iss~-
is moqmedebiT man SesaZloa Sewyvitos aqtiuri kavSirebi
gare samyarosTan, magram am dros xdeba Sinagani Caketva,
Sinagani CaRrmaveba, rac TviTSemecnebis safuZvelia.
xSirad igi faqiz Sinagan impulsebs saimedod icavs uxeS
garemoSi gaTqvefisgan.
Sinagani energiis Senaxva, garegani aqtiuri pro­
cesebisgan ganrideba xSirad swored momavali aqtiuri
qmedebebisTvisaa saWiro. am runiT im energiis Senaxva
unda moxdes, rac Rirebulia momavlisTvis.
ase rom, arsebulis `dakonserveba~ yovelTvis ne­
ga­
tiuri movlena ar aris. is aucileblad unda emsa­
xurebodes momavlis tendenciebs.
Sinagani CaRrmavebis Sedegad, rac garemosgan izo­
lirebas mosdevs, adamians uviTardeba damoukideblobis
gancda da piradi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. es runa
xSirad Sedarebulia Samanis kverTxTan, rac Zalauflebis
simboloa.37
praqtikul cxovrebaSi am runas zogjer maSin
mimarTaven, roca raime avadmyofobis procesi, anda
tkivilis grZnobis gancda arsebobs. runa am process
anelebs, garkveulad amsubuqebs avadmyofis mdgomareobas.
sazogadod, runa `iss~ Zalze frTxilad gamosayenebeli
runaa. misi arasworad gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi adamianma
SesaZloa seriozuli problemebi Seuqmnas sakuTar Tavs,
SesaZloa iseTi procesebi Seaferxos, rac negatiurad
aisaxeba mis Semdgom cxovrebaze.

_ 66 _
 am runas aqvs praqtikuli gamoyeneba iseT SemTxvevaSi,
roca sWirdebaT sakuTari aforiaqebuli gonebis dam­
Svideba raime koncentraciis win, adamians exmareba
yuradRebis raime saganze fiqsaciaSi. `iss~ garkveul
garemoebaSi ganamtkicebs nebelobas, ramdenadac Sinagani
koncentraciiT sasurveli mimarTulebiT mimarTavs mas.

`iara~ Y

runa gamosaxulia ori geometriuli formiT,

rom­lebic erTmaneTis sapirispiro mimarTulebebs
mianiSneben, magram amave dros erTobliobaSi wriul
brunvasac gamosaxaven. ukve aqedan aSkaraa, rom igi
droSi ganviTarebul procesTanaa dakavSirebuli. ori
urTierTsawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli figura gamosaxavs
or urTierTsawinaaRmdego substancias _ yinuls da
cecxls. maTi erToblivi wrebrunva ki wliur cikls
mianiSnebs _ zamTrisa da zafxulis droTa ciklur
monacvleobas. zamTris yinuli da zafxulis cecxli
cikluri monacvleobiT, myari kanonzomierebis mixedviT
enacvlebian erTmaneTs. es aris bunebrivi procesi.
adamianis cxovrebac garkveuli drois mdinarebaSi
bunebrivadaa Cawerili. runa `iara~ swored im Zalebs
gamosaxavs, romlebic movlenebis bunebriv, kanonzomier
ganviTarebas gansazRvraven. maT xelovnur aCqarebas,
an Senelebas disonansi Seaqvs evoluciis procesSi da
Sedegi uTuod negatiuria. bunebaSi yovelgvari nayofis
damwifebas Tavisi gansazRvruli vada da pirobebi
esaWiroeba. logikuri Sedegis misaRebad adamianic unda
ecados bunebis am kanonebiT icxovros, mudam zomierebasa
da bunebasTan Tanxmobas cdilobdes.
_ 67 _
 es ganwyoba Seexeba ara mxolod bunebasTan urTi­
erTobas, aramed zogadad adamianis cxovrebas
garemomcvel kosmosSi, misi sulieri cxovrebis CaTvliT.
runa `iara~-s Zalebis moxmobiT adamians SeuZlia
moZebnos bunebriv procesebTan harmoniuli urTierTobis
damyarebis gzebi, sxeulebrivadac da sulieradac sworad
iyos CarTuli bunebrivi kanonzomierebiT gansazRvrul
procesebSi. amiT yvelaze ufro xelsayreli pirobebi
Seiqmneba masSi arsebuli potenciis realizaciisTvis,
im SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebisTvis, rac mis arsebaSi
bunebrivadaa mocemuli.
bunebriv ciklur procesebTan swori mimarTebis
gamomuSaveba adamianSi moTminebis unars aviTarebs.
es runa swored am Zalebs aniWebs adamians _ masSi
Tanamimdevruli moqmedebis, zomierebis SegrZnebis
unarebs aZlierebs. misi daxmarebiT adamiani jansaRad
aRiqvams bunebriobidan momdinare cvlilebebs. myardeba
harmoniuli kavSiri bunebasTan, rac xelsayrel pirobebs
qmnis Tavad adamianis gegmazomieri formirebisTvis.

`io~ ǓO, Ei (ei)

es aris runa, romelic gamosaxavs sasicocxlo Zalebs.

es aris `vegetaciuri~ Zalebi, rac mineraluri samyarosgan
gansxvavebiT, mcenareul samyaroSia gamovlenili. cxadia,
es Zalebi aris cxovelTa da adamianTa samyaroSic.
radgan sasicocxlo Zalebis pirveladi gamovlinebis
sferod mcenareuli samyaroa miCneuli, es runa swored
am samyarosTan asocirdeba. sqematurad igi xis tans
gamosaxavs. roca igive warmodgenebi adamianze vrceldeba,
igive gamosaxuleba ukve adamianis xerxemlis svets

_ 68 _
ukavSirdeba. xis tanisa da xerxemlis svetis simboluri
kavSiri samxreTis sulier warmodgenebSic uZvelesi
droidan arsebobda.
runa `io~-Ti mocemuli sasicocxlo Zalebis gamov­
lena ar Semoifargleba dabadebasa da sikvdils Soris
moqceuli periodiT. igi mianiSnebs, rom es procesi
dabadebamde iwyeba da sikvdilis Semdegac uwyvetad
grZeldeba, cxadia, saxecvlili formiT. swored am
uwyvetobas mianiSnebs vertikaluri xazis qvemoT da
zemoT arsebuli monakveTebi, romlebic aqtiurad arian
mimarTuli sxvadasxva mxares da amave dros vertikalur
xazTan mTlianobaSi sicocxlis procesis uwyvet wre­
brunvasac mianiSneben.
xec xom simbolurad fesvebiT miwaSia Cazrdili,
xolo wveriT ciskenaa mipyrobili.
swored sasicocxlo Zalebisa da procesebis uw­
yvetobasa da aqtiurobas exmareba runa `io~. igi adamianSi
sicocxlis uwyvetobisa da maradiulobis rwmenas ga­
namtkicebs.

`petra~ P (p)

es runa ganasaxierebs im Zalebs, rac yovel CanasaxSi

potenciis saxiT arsebul niSan-Tvisebebs inaxavs.
am TvalsazrisiT, igi SeiZleba Seedaros qalis
saSvilosnos, sadac Canasaxi viTardeba. masSi ukve
mocemulia warsulidan momdinare unarebi. masSi
mocemulia Tavisi winaprebis niSnebi da amave dros
momavalSi gansaviTarebel unarebsac Seicavs. Zalebi,
romlebic am Canasaxs ifaravs da mis TandaTanobiT,
kanonzomier ganviTarebasa da dabadebas uzrunvelyofs,
runa `petra~-Tia gamosaxuli. ese igi, es aris momavlis
_ 69 _
potencialis dacva, Senaxva, kanonzomieri gamovlena.
amave dros, igi Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs memkvidreobiT
niSnebs, rac Soreuli warsulidan momdinareobs da
Canasaxis saxiTaa mocemuli. swored es memkvidreoba
gansazRvravs saxeobaTa igiveobriobas. igive Seexeba
adamianis individualur niSan-Tvisebebsac, rac evoluciis
procesSi unda iqnas daculi da momavalSi gadatanili.
`petras~ Zalebis adamianur arsebaSi gamovlena nebismier
asakSi marTlzomieria, radgan masSi yovelTvis arsebobs
daubadebeli, ganviTarebadi Canasaxi. misi dabadeba
xangrZlivi da uwyveti procesia. misi saWiro dromde
dacva da kanonzomieri gamovlena `petras~ Zalebis swor
funqcionirebazea damokidebuli.
ramdenadac `petraSi~ damcavi Zala igulisxmeba,
mis simbolod iTvleba mineralur samyaroSi arsebuli
Zalebi. mTeli danarCeni yofa mas efuZneba. is aris
simbolo Zalisa da simyarisa, anu klde, rogorc es
qristianul simbolikaSia miRebuli.
`petras Zala _ es aris im potencialis neli trans­
formacia, romelic winaprebisgan memkvidreobiTaa
miRebuli da Rrmadaa dafaruli qvecnobieris doneze~.38
`petra~, amave dros, aris im mizez-Sedegobrivi
procesis sworad gamovlena, romelic manamde dafaruli
saxiT, potenciis saxiT arsebobda.
`petra~ aris Zala, romelic inaxavs momavlis ten­
dencias, gansazRvravs mis sicocxlisunarianobas, sim­
yares, igiveobriobas.
praqtikul yofaSi `petras~ Zalebi adamians exmareba
sworad, obieqturad dainaxos masSi arsebuli potenciali,
jer gamouvlinebeli unarebi. es ki, cxadia, mis bunebriv
ganviTarebas waadgeba.
xilul samyaroSi yvelaze Soreuli, myari memkvidre­
oba mineralur samyaroSia SemorCenili. swored amitomac
runa petra `miwis~ stiqiasTan asocirdeba.

_ 70 _
 `olgiz~ Z (z)

am runis gamosaxuleba asocirebulia sicocxlis

xesTan, misi zeda nawilis aqcentirebiT. ese igi, xaz­
gasmulia sknelisa da zesknelis, miwieri yofisa da zeci­
uris urTierToba. swored amitomac am runis xatovan
saxes xSirad gedis saxiT warmoadgendnen.
evropis qveynebSi ZvelTaganve gedi iTvleboda
miwieri da sulieri samyaroebis damakavSirebel arsebad.
ese igi, runa `olgiz~ aZlierebs im Zalebs, romliTac
SesaZlebelia zeciur sferosTan harmoniuli kavSiris
damyareba.
meore mniSvnelovani aspeqti, rac am runas ukav­
Sirdeba, aris is, rom masSi danaxulia instinqturi
TavdacviTi unaris ganmsazRvreli Zalebi. ramdenadac
es unarebi mineralur da mcenareul samyarosgan
gansxvavebiT, pirvelad cxovelur samyaroSi vlindeba,
runa `olgiz~ cxovelTa samyarosTanacaa asocirebuli.
calkeuli cxovelebi am unarebis sxvadasxva saxiT
gamovlenis simboloebad ganixilebian. bunebrivia, in­
stin­qturi TavdacviTi unari adamianSic cxadadaa
gamovlenili. runa `olgiz~ swored am unars aZlierebs.
misi daxmarebiT adamiani sworad da efeqturad reagirebs
gareSe safrTxeebze. rTul, saxifaTo situaciebSi misi
moqmedeba zusti da adekvaturia.
ese igi, runa `olgizis~ daxmarebiT adamians SeuZlia
efeqturad aicilos Tavidan mosalodneli safrTxeebi
da, meore mxriv, sworad daamyaros kavSiri zegrZnobad
sferoebTan, sulieri samyarodan moipovos SemoqmedebiTi
ideebi.

_ 71 _
 `sol~ S (s)

runa `sol~ gamosaxavs mziur energias.

amave dros es runa spiralur brunvasac gulisxmobs.
runa `sol~ sinaTlis simboloa, am ZaliT sagnebi da
movlenebi TavianTi WeSmariti saxiT warmoCindebian.
igive runa gamosaxavs adamianis `me~-s Zalebs. runa
`sol~ aaqtiurebs sulier energias, stimuls aniWebs
SemoqmedebiT aqtivobas, adamians exmareba Sinagani bu­
nebis gamomJRavnebaSi.

`tir~ T (t)

am runis geometriuli saxe sabrZolo Subis formas

hgavs. es runa aris simbolo simamacis, mamakacuri
Zalis gamovlinebis. es niSnavs ara brZolas omis velze,
aramed mizandasaxul, gabedul moqmedebas, Tavdauzogav
swrafvas winaaRmdegobis gadalaxvisken, dasaxuli
amocanis Sesrulebisken.
`tir~ aris Zala, romelic gamoixateba umaRlesi
idealebisken swrafvaSi, adamianis mier gaRebul
msxverplSi maRali miznebis ganxorcielebis gzaze.
amave dros igive runa gamosaxavs bunebaSi arsebul
im mamrobiT sawyiss, rac sazogadod ganayofierebis,
gamravlebis process gansazRvravs.
runa `tir~ xSirad asocirdeba iseT cnebasTan,
ro­goricaa `sulieri meomari~, rac adamians srul
pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs Tavis moqmedebaSi.
_ 72 _
 ramdenadac runa `tir~ mkveTrad mizandasaxul moq­
medebas gamosaxavs, mas qaosis mowesrigebis funqciac
ekisreba. zogjer igi warmodgenilia im svetad, romelsac
sayovelTao wesrigi efuZneba.39 `tir~ mianiSnebs ara
zogadad brZolas, aramed brZolas WeSmaritebisTvis,
harmoniisTvis. es aris moraluri brZola.
praqtikul cxovrebaSi am runis Zalebis gamoyeneba
adamianSi zrdis gambedaobas, Seupovrobas miznisken
swrafvaSi. mis moqmedebaSi Zlierdeba gaazrebuli
qmedebis elementebi, aniWebs gabeduli gadawyvetilebebis
miRebisa da maT Sedegebze pasuxismgeblobis aRebis unars.
gadawyvetilebis miRebisas adamiani ufro yuradRebiani
xdeba, emateba sakuTari Tavis rwmena da Rirsebis gancda.

`biarka~ B (b)

runa biarka gamoxatavs im qalur Zalas, romelic

yovelive cocxals qveynad moavlens da mas zrdis
procesSi icavs (igive Zala icavs nayofs Casaxvidan
dabadebamdec). es aris dedobrivi mfarvelobis mkafio
gamoxatuleba. runis grafikuli saxe mianiSnebs qalis
mkerds, rac simboloa dedobriobis, nayofierebisa da
mzardi arsebis kvebisa.
yvelaze cxadad am Zalis gamovlena mocemulia
dedisa da Cvilis urTierTobaSi. swored es dedobrivi
mzrunveloba, Cvilis dacva garemos safrTxeebisgan
naTlad gviCvenebs runa `biarka~-Si gacxadebul Zalebs.
sxva adamianebis mimarT es Zalebi iseTsave harmoniul
urTierTobas uzrunvelyofs, rogorc dedisa da Cvilis
urTierTobaSi arsebobs maTi erTianobis, ganuyoflobis
gancda. am TvalsazrisiT am runas gankurnebisTvis

_ 73 _
saWiro energia gaaCnia. darRveuli harmoniis aRdgena
gankurnebis erT-erTi winapirobaa.
praqtikul cxovrebaSi igi adamians exmareba piradi
urTierTobebis ganmtkicebaSi, krizisuli situaciebis
daZlevaSi, mfarvelobiTi Zalebis gaZlierebaSi.
metyvelebis sferoSi igive Zalebi, sazogadod,
damaxasiaTebelia bgera `b~-sTvisac. amitomac araa
SemTxveviTi, rom aRniSnuli runa swored am bgeriTaa
gaxmovanebuli da roca runuli damwerloba Seiqmna, `b~
bgeris mniSvneloba swored am runas mieniWa.

`e~ Eh (e)

skandinaviuri tradiciiT es runa asocirdeba odinis

miTosur cxenTan _ sleipnirTan. am cxenis saSualebiT
odins SeeZlo sxva ganzomilebaSi gadasuliyo. skandinaviur
miTebSi swored cxeni warmoadgens grZnobadi samyarodan
zegrZnobadSi (an piriqiT) gadamyvan saSualebas.
am TvalsazrisiT, runa `e~ aris arsebobis sxvadasxva
formebs Soris damakavSirebeli Zala. magaliTad,
adamianis urTierToba sulier arsebebTan an Tundac
miwier ZalebTan, cxovelTa samyarosTan, mcenareTa da
mineralTa ganmsazRvrel arsebebTan swored `e~ runis
gamovlinebaa.
yoveldRiur yofaSi gansakuTrebiT aqcentirebulia
`e~-s Zalebis gamovlena Tavad adamianTa urTierTobis
sferoSi. Zala, romelic adamianTa harmoniul
urTierTobas gansazRvravs, `e~ runaSia danaxuli.
xSirad igi kidev ufro dakonkretebulia da
aqcentirebulia qalisa da mamakacis urTierToba.
es Tavisebureba am runis geometriul formaSicaa
gamovlenili. es aris runa `lagu~, romelic SeerTebulia
_ 74 _
Tavis sapirispiro formasTan.
es aris qaluri da mamakacuri sawyisis harmoniuli
SeerTeba. es urTierToba gulisxmobs ara mxolod
fizikur, aramed mSvinvier da sulier sferosac.
`e~ runa xels uwyobs qalisa da mamakacis jansaRi
partniorobis Camoyalibebas, ufro farTo gagebiT
ki, adamianis urTierTobas sazogadoebasTan. adamians
exmareba, swori damokidebuleba hqondes sawinaaRmdego
sqesis mimarT, mudam SeeZlos wonasworobis dacva
sazogadoebriv urTierTobebSi.

`madr~ M (m)

am runis dasaxeleba `madr~ Zvelnorvegiulad niSnavs

_ `adamiani~. igive saxeli erqva warmarTul RvTaebas,
romelic xorcielad Seiqmna. ese igi, es runa adamians
gamosaxavs ara viwro, amqveyniuri gagebiT, aramed im
RvTaebriv nawils, rac adamianSi sulieri samyarodanaa
mocemuli, rac adamians, rogorc sulier arsebas
gansazRvravs. adamiani rom am saxiT gamovlindes,
is mudmivad unda eswrafvodes srulyofisken, anu
qristianuli terminologiiT _ ganRmrTobisken. ese
igi, `madr~ aris is RvTaebrivi marcvali, rac adamianSia
Cadebuli da misi ganviTareba umaRlesi amocanaa.
es runa simbolurad gamoisaxeboda odinis Tanmxlebi
ori yornis saxiT. es yornebi odinis macneebi iyvnen.
erTi maTgani, saxelad `hugin~ gamosaxavs adamianis
gansjis unars, xolo meore `munin~ _ intuicias. adamianSi
erT-erTi amaTganis ganviTareba da meoris daClungeba
mis calmxriv orientacias iwvevs. mxolod inteleqtisa
da intuiciis harmoniuli ganviTarebiT adamiani Tavisi
RvTaebrivi bunebis srulyofil gamovlinebas aRwevs.
_ 75 _
 am ori gansxvavebuli unaris harmoniuli erToba
runologebis mier danaxulia am runis grafikul sa­
xeSi. runa `vinia~ SeerTebulia Tavis sarkisebur gamo­
saxulebasTan, raTa miRebul iqnas runa `madr~.
runa `madr~ im Zalebis stimulirebasac gulisxmobs,
romelic adamianTa sulier urTierTobebs da aseve
adamianis bunebasTan jansaR sulier mimarTebasac gan­
sazRvravs.
am runis daxmarebiT adamians SeuZlia eswrafvos
TviTganviTarebas, srulyofas. xels uwyobs dafaruli
talantis gamovlenas, sulieri potencialis realizacias.
adamiani SeigrZnobs Tavis sulier erTobas ara mxolod
RvTaebriv sawyisTan, aramed garemomcvel bunebasTan da
im sazogadoebasTan, sadac uxdeba cxovreba.
igive runa aviTarebs inteleqtisa da intuiciis
Zalebs, rogorc ojaxSi, aseve sazogadoebaSi adamianTa
amaRlebul, sulier urTierTobebs aZlierebs.

`lagu~ L (l)

sityva `lagu~ Zvelnorvegiuli sityvaa da niSnavs _

`tba~. marTlac, runa `lagu~ gamosaxavs wylis stiqiis
Zalebs. wylis stiqia Zvel xalxebSi ukavSirdeboda
sasicocxlo Zalebs. wyali aris mudmivad cvladi, denadi
stiqia, romelic mudmivad icvlis formas, reagirebs
gareSe zemoqmedebaze. amitom igi simboloa adamianis
grZnobadi cxovrebisa. amave dros, wyals aqvs sxva
aspeqtebic. igi erTdroulad aris rogorc sikvdilis,
aseve aRdgoma-ganaxlebis simboloc.
miTosur xatebSi wyalSi CaZirva grZnobad samyaroSi
STanTqmas niSnavs. wyalSi mocemuli sasicocxlo Zalebi

_ 76 _
mas aRdgomisa da ganaxlebis kuTxiTac warmoaCenen. wyali
adamianis grZnobad-mSvinvieri cxovrebaa. wylis amgvari
farTo gageba igulisxmeba runa `lagu~-Si.
praqtikul cxovrebaSi runa `lagu~-s gamoyenebiT
adamiani sakuTar grZnobebsa da emociebs eufleba.
runa aumjobesebs unars, gaerkves sakuTar grZnobebSi,
naTlad dainaxos iqidan momdinare impulsebi, izrdeba
mgrZnobeloba.
adamiani ufro Tavdajerebulad grZnobs Tavs mSfoT­
vare sasicocxlo procesebis mdinarebaSi.

ing (ing)

es runa asocirdeba memkvidreobasTan, im niSan-

TvisebaTa SenaxvasTan, rac arsebobis erTi formidan
meoreSi gadasvlisas unda iqnas Senaxuli da gadatanili.
mcenareul samyaroSi masSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT
is potencia, rac TeslSia Senaxuli, xolo adamianis
SemTxvevaSi is sulieri monapovari, rac adamians
amqveyniuri yofidan sikvdilis karibWis gavliT miRmier
samyaroSi gadaaqvs. am runis erT-erT gamosaxulebas
swored daxuruli sivrcis forma aqvs da im RvTaebriv
Tesls gulisxmobs, rac sxva samyaroSi gadasvlisTvis
emzadeba, raTa iq axleburi saxiT aRorZindes.
runa `ing~-s sxva aspeqtic aqvs. am SemTxvevaSi igi
mianiSnebs Casaxvis procesze. cxadia, am drosac is
Tesli ibadeba, saidanac axali sicocxle axal garemoSi
unda aRmocendes. am SemTxvevaSic runa `ing~ gamosaxavs
Zalebs, romlebic arsebobis gansxvavebul safexurze
gamovlinebas gansazRvravs.
praqtikul sferoSi am runis Zalebi adamians gan­

_ 77 _
sxvavebuli realobis aRqmis unars uviTareben. aseve
Zlierdeba adamianis unari, rom mas sxva adamianebis
darwmuneba, maTze gavlenis moxdena SeeZlos.
am runis daxmarebiT umjobesdeba mexsiereba, mtkic­
deba Sinagani rwmena, farTovdeba adamianis cnobierebis
horizonti. adamians sakuTari Tavis realizaciisTvis
axleburi sfero exsneba.

`odal~ O (o)

es runa gamoxatavs yvela im niSan-Tvisebas, rac

adamians dabadebidanve aqvs mocemuli. runis saxeli
`odal~ Zvelnorvegiulia da niSnavs _ `sakuTrebis
ufleba~. ese igi, es aris sakuTrebis gamomxatveli
runa, Tumca es cneba Zalze farTodaa gagebuli. masSi
igulisxmeba yvela is memkvidreoba, rac, erTi mxriv,
adamianma Tavisi miwieri winaprebisgan sxvadasxva unarebis
saxiT miiRo, da meore mxriv, aseve is memkvidreobac, rac
gansxeulebisas am individualobam sulieri samyarodan
moitana.
Tavad runis grafikuli saxe Sedgenilia. aq erT­
maneTzea dadebuli ori runa _ `gifu~ da `ing~. ese igi, runa
`odal~ gamosaxavs im sakuTrebas, rac individualobam
warsulis memkvidreobiT SeiZina.
zogjer es runa asocirdeba `saxlis~ cnebasTan. am
SemTxvevaSic igulisxmeba, rom is, rac saxlSia, misi
mflobelis sakuTrebaa.
am runis gamoyenebiT adamians uviTardeba Tavisi
`sakuTrebis~ naTeli gancda. xels uwyobs misi talantis
ganviTarebas, gamovlenas. exmareba sakuTari Tavis Se­
mecnebaSi.

_ 78 _
 es runa adamians materialur sferoSic exmareba. mas
sakuTrebis SeZenis unars umaxvilebs, aseve misi ojaxuri
sakuTrebis jansaR gancdas gamoumuSavebs.

`dagaz~ D (d)

runis saxeli `dagaz~ niSnavs _ `dRe~.

am runis asocireba xdeba ganTiadTan, dilasTan.
am dros xdeba gaRviZeba, qveynierebas zeciuri naTeli
efineba. iwyeba axali dRe. es aris axlis dasawyisi, magram
igi Zvelidan momdinareobs.
runa `dagaz~ TviTtransformaciis maCvenebelia. igi
xels uwyobs adamianis Sinagan gamoRviZebas.
amave dros, runa gviCvenebs moniWebul sinaTles,
rogorc saCuqars ganvlili periodisTvis.
runis Zalebi adamians exmareba sulier ganviTarebaSi,
axlis warmatebiT dawyebaSi. igi adamianSi aRviZebs WeS­
mariti realobis gancdas, realobis mTlianobaSi aRqmis
unars.

_ 79 _
r u n eb i s a dgi l i da mwe r l ob is istoriaS i

damwerlobis pirveladi Canasaxi SeiZleba im Soreul

epoqaSi vigulisxmoT, rodesac adamiani bunebisgan ga­
moyofas iwyebs, roca pirvelad gaCnda subieqt-obi­eqtis
bundovani SegrZneba. manamde adamiani bunebis ga­nuyofeli
nawili iyo daaxloebiT iseve, rogorc evo­ luciis
Tanamedrove safexurze cxovelTa samyaro SeiZleba
warmovidginoT. adamianis bunebidan gamoyofas Sedegad
mosdevs Semecnebis pirveli Canasaxebis war­ moSoba.
pirvelad maSin Cndeba tendencia, is, rasac adamiani aRi­q­
vams, raRac saxiT gamosaxos kidec. am gamosaxvis uZv­el
­ es
formebs warmoadgens Jestebi, bge­ rebis warmoTqma, pri­
mitiuli ideogramuli niSnebis datana raime masalaze.
evoluciis es safexuri aseulobiT saukune grZel­
deboda. adamianebis mier miwaze, xeze, tyavze an sxva
rbil masalaze datanili niSnebi, cxadia, istoriam ver
Semoinaxa. mxolod myar masalaze (qvebze, gamoqvabulebis
kedlebze) datanili ideogramebiT SeiZleba am pro­
cesisTvis Tvalis midevneba. dReisTvis aRmoCenili
amgvari nimuSebi 200-300 saukunes iTvlis.
iseT calkeul ideogramul gamosaxulebebs, rogo­
ricaa, magaliTad, mRvimis kedlebze daxatuli mamontebi,
ver CavTvliT damwerlobis nimuSebad. Tanamedrove
mniSvnelobiT, damwerlobis istoria maSin iwyeba, roca
am ideogramuli niSnebis erT sistemaSi moqceva xdeba
da am sistemiT adamians ukve samyarosadmi Tavisi da­
mokidebulebis gamosaxva SeuZlia. damwerlobis istoriis
saetapo periodad SeiZleba ganvixiloT ieroglifuri
damwerlobis Camoyalibebis epoqa. ieroglifebic Zi­
riTadad ideogramebia, magram mas ukve sistemuri xasiaTi

_ 80 _
aqvs. ieroglifuri damwerlobis Camoyalibebas ukve
mxolod aTaswleulebi gvacilebs da masze msjelobac
gacilebiT advilia, radgan arqeologiuri gaTxrebis
Sedegad mecnierebas sakmaod moepoveba nivTieri masala.
sazogadod, es droc ki Zalze didia imisaTvis, rom zustad
iqnas gansazRvruli, Tu ra Sinaarsebi igulisxmeboda
calkeul ieroglifebSi.
dReisTvis yvelaze ufro farTod egvipturi iero­
glifebia Seswavlili. miuxedavad amisa, ieroglifebis
ZiriTadi nawili, romlebic ideogramebis saxiTaa
warmodgenili, bgeriT wakiTxvas ar eqvemdebareba. Se­
uZlebelia imis dadgena, Tu rogor gamoiTqmeboda
isini. ZiriTadad gaSifrulia ieroglifebis azrobrivi
mniSvnelobebi, magram ucnobia maTi gaxmovaneba. egviptur
damwerlobas aqvs damatebiTi nawilic, sadac niSnebi
ara ideogramebs, aramed ukve logogramebs, anu bgeriT
marcvlebs gamosaxaven. am niSnebiT sakuTari saxelebi
gamoisaxeboda. maT ukve gaxmovanebis SesaZlebloba
gaaCniaT. evoluciis Semdgom safexurze egvipturi
damwerlobis es nawili calkeul bgerebamde iqna
dayvanili (marcvlebSi Tanxmovnebs xmovnebi Camoscilda)
da, faqtobrivad, safuZveli daedo konsonanturi
anbanuri sistemis Seqmnas. Tanamedrove mecnierTa didi
nawili ukve im daskvnamde mivida, rom Crdilo-dasavlur
semitur samyaroSi pirveli anbanis Seqmna cariel adgilze
ar momxdara. misi saTaveebi egviptur ieroglifur dam­
werlobas ukavSirdeba. egvipturi damwerloba cal­keuli
bgerebis grafikul gamosaxvamde mivida, magram Zvel
ideogramul ieroglifebs veRar Seelia. egviptelTa
warmodgeniT, semitebis anbani zedmetad abstraqtuli
iyo da ieroglifebSi mocemul sulier Sinaarsebs veRar
gamoxatavda. egviptelebi TavianT damwerlobas wminda
damwerlobad miiCnevdnen da mis Semdgom gamartivebas
ver Seeguvnen.

_ 81 _
 roca egviptur ieroglifebs marcvlebis gamomsaxveli
niSnebis jgufi emateba, igi faqtobrivad, damwerlobis
dasrulebul sistemad warmosdgeba.
miuxedavad amisa, mainc arsebobs gare samyarosTvis
damaxasiaTebeli iseTi Taviseburebebi, rac egvipturi
ieroglifebiT srulyofilad ver gadmoicema. Zvel
ideogramul niSnebs, garda imisa, rom isini samyaros
arsebebsa da movlenebs gamosaxavdnen, kidev hqondaT erTi
mniSvnelovani funqcia. isini ara marto gamoxatavdnen
samyaroSi moqmed sxvadasxva Zalebs, aramed Tavadve
SeeZloT am Zalebis inspirireba. es iyo niSnebis magiuri
zemoqmedebis unari. am magiuri gamosaxulebebiT ada­
mianebi cdilobdnen zemoqmedeba moexdinaT gare sam­
yaroze, raime negatiuri zemoqmedebisgan daecvaT Tavi,
anda sakuTar arsebaSi moexdinaT garkveuli unarebis
gaZliereba. es yovelive, cxadia, aRar aris Tanamedrove
gagebiT ganxiluli damwerlobis funqcia.
swored amgvari moTxovnilebidan Camoyalibda ru­
nuli sistema. runebi calkeuli magiuri niSnebis saxiT
bevrad ufro adrec arsebobdnen, magram amjerad
isini erTian sistemaSi eqcevian. faqtobrivad, es aris
is fena, rac Zveli magiuri niSnebidan ieroglifuri
damwerlobis Camoyalibebisas auTvisebeli darCa. Zveli
ieroglifebis magiuri funqciebi runebSi koncentrirda.
Cven ver gamovricxavT SesaZleblobas, rom amgvari
magiuri unarebi uZveles ieroglifebSic raRac saxiT
igulisxmeboda da Semdeg moxda maTgan runebis gamoyofa,
roca ieroglifebis damwerlobiTi funqcia gaaqtiurda.
pirvel etapze runebi ar iyo damwerloba. is ga­
mosaxavda ara arsebebsa da movlenebs, aramed samyaroSi
moqmed Zalebs. amave dros runebs hqondaT am Zalebis
realur planSi gamowvevis unari. runebi iyo magiuri
niSnebi.
evoluciis Semdgom etapze, roca erTi mxriv, sam­

_ 82 _
xreTis xalxebma ukve konsonanturi damwerlobiTi
anbanebi Seqmnes da amave dros Zvelma runulma magiamac
realuri funqcia dakarga, moxda runebis Sereuli saxis
damwerlobiT sistemad gardaqmna. runebis nawils bgeriTi
mniSvnelobebi mieniWa, nawilma ki kvlav Zveli magiuri
Tvisebebi SeinarCuna. amgvari Sereuli anbanebis saxiT
igi arsebobda ara mxolod dasavleT evropis xalxebSi,
aramed aziis calkeul regionebSic.
sazogadod, damwerlobis evoluciis procesi ar
SeiZleba martivi, xazovani saxiT warmovidginoT. erTsa
da imave epoqaSi yovelTvis arsebobda misi sxvadasxva
evoluciuri formebi. isini mudmivad zemoqmedebdnen
erTmaneTze da TavianT mxriv axal formebs qmnidnen.
damwerlobis istoriis erTiani mizez-Sedegobrivi jaWvis
saxiT warmodgena moxerxebuli kia, magram igi movlenis
zedmetad gamartivebul suraTs warmoadgens da xSirad
realobas damaxinjebuli saxiT gamosaxavs.
rogorc aRvniSneT, calkeuli magiuri niSnebis
mra­
valsaukunovani epoqa win uswrebs da amzadebs ie­
roglifuri damwerlobis Camoyalibebas. sakacobrio
evo­
luciis igive fenas unda miekuTvnos igive magiuri
niS­
nebidan runuli sistemis Camoyalibeba. sxvanairad
rom vTqvaT, ieroglifuri damwerlobis da runuli
magiis epoqa sakacobrio evoluciis erTsa da imave fenas
warmoadgens.
damwerlobis evoluciis Semdgom safexurad uk­
ve anbanuri sistemebis Camoyalibebis epoqa unda vi­
gulisxmoT. am jgufSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc
logogramuli (marcvlovani), aseve konsonanturi (bge­
riTi) anbanuri sistemebi.
Tanamedrove enaTmecnierebaSi Zalze did problemad
iqca runuli damwerlobis adgilis garkveva. dasavleT
evropis xalxebis runuli anbanebisa da samxreTuli
konsonanturi anbanebis grafikuli msgavsebis gamo

_ 83 _
runuli sistema am bgeriTi anbanebidan warmoSobilad
warmodginda, rac seriozuli Secdomaa. runuli sistema
Tavisi arsiT evoluciis ufro Zvel fenas gamoxatavs,
vidre bgeriTi anbanuri damwerloba. bgeriTi anbanidan
runebis warmoSoba istoriuli procesis ukan dabrunebas
niSnavs, rac logikurad SeuZlebelia.
rac Seexeba runebisa da samxreTuli bgeriTi anbanebis
msgavsebas, cxadia, igi ueWveli faqtia. ramdenadac Zveli
welTaRricxvis II da I aTaswleulis mijnaze bgeriTi
(konsonanturi) anbanebis Camoyalibeba faqtobrivad
imave, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, mosazRvre teritoriebze
moxda, sadac runebi iyo gavrcelebuli, logikuria, rom
anbanebis grafikuli saxis formirebisas swored runebis
grafikis gavlena ganvixiloT.
anbanis niSnebis Seqmnisas, bunebrivia, gamoyenebuli
yofiliyo im uZvelesi magiuri niSnebis grafikuli
saxeebi, romelTa arsebobac msoflios yvela xalxebSi
mravalsaukunovan istorias iTvlis. rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT, am runebma kolxur samyaroSi sistemuri
saxe miiRes _ erTian sistemad gaerTiandnen da am saxiT
SeaRwies evropaSi.

_ 84 _
 Z v el i q a rT u l i da mwe r l ob is niSneb i

idea imis Sesaxeb, rom uZveles droSi saqarTveloSi

damwerlobis garkveuli forma arsebobda, didi xania
trialebs. marTalia, es sakiTxi sabolood gadawyvetilad
ver CaiTvleba, magram garkveuli Sedegebi udavod saxezea.
javaxeTSi e. w. `amiranis goraze~ nasoflaris
gaT­x­
risas aRmoCenil iqna Tixis WurWeli, romelzec
wriulad amokawrulia aTi niSani. es WurWeli Zv. w. III
aTaswleulis dasawyisiT daTariRda. marTalia, warweris
gaSifvra ver moxerxda, magram mecnierTa didi nawili
varaudobs, rom es aris piqtogramuli warwera.40

akademikos Salva amiranaSvilis azriT `amiranis

goris~ warweraSi meore niSani gvels gamosaxavs. msgavsi
gamosaxulebebi uZveles Sumerul piqtogramebSi gvxvdeba.
me-8 gamosaxuleba aSkarad frinvels gamosaxavs. uruqis,
jemedeT-nasris da uris arqaul damwerlobaSi xSirad
vxdebiT frinvelis msgavs grafikul gamosaxulebas.
frinvelis win aris gamosaxuleba, romelic Tavisi
formiT arqaul damwerlobaSi aseve kargad aris cnobili,
rogorc mdedrobiTi sqesis maCvenebeli.41
arsebobs sxva niSanTa daxasiaTebis cdebic, Tumca
mTlianobaSi amiranis goris warwera gaSifruli ar aris.
_ 85 _
zogadad ki cxadia, rom es niSnebi calkeul cnebebs
gamosaxaven.
amiranis goris mwvervalze aRmoCenilia sxva Wur­
Welic, sadac amokawrulia xazebis erTgvari bade. es
gamosaxulebebi Zalze waagavs uris samefos samarxebis
erT-erT cilindrul sabeWdavze mocemul niSnebs.
TrialeTSi sofel oznSi aRmoCenil iqna fiala,
romelzec simboluri niSnebia gamosaxuli. b. kuftini
am niSnebs piqtogramul damwerlobad miiCnevs da mas
proto-elamur niSnebs amsgavsebs.

samwuxarod verc am niSnebis gaSifvra moxerxda,

Tumca gamoTqmulia varaudi, rom isinic ieroglifuri
damwerlobis xasiaTisani arian.
`mtkvar-araqsis~ kulturis periodis qarTuli dam­
werlobis kidev erT nimuSad miCneulia is niSnebi,
romlebic 1961 wels dmanisis raionis yorRanuli samarxis
gaTxrisas qvebze aRmoCnda.
aRniSnuli warwerebis gaSifvras mniSvnelovnad
abrkolebs is garemoeba, rom isini sxvadasxva xasiaTisani
arian da ver xerxdeba maTi erTian sistemaSi arsebobis
dasabuTeba. Tu isini marTlac damoukidebeli dam­
werlobiTi sistemebis fragmentebia, gamodis rom
uZveles saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva saxis piqtogramuli
damwerloba yofila gavrcelebuli.
arc erT am warweras ar gaaCnia meore msgavsi analogi,
raTa SesaZlebeli iyos Sedareba. yvelaze mTavari prob­
_ 86 _
lema ki imaSia, rom ver dgindeba, Tu ra Sinaarss unda
gamoxatavdnen isini.
amdenad, `Sifris~ gasaRebis moZebna jerjerobiT ver
xerxdeba.
marTalia, uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebis gaSifvris
Tema `gayinulia~, magram udavoa, rom Semdgomi arqe­
ologiuri gaTxrebis monacemebma isini nebismier dros
SeiZleba gaacocxlos. mTlianobaSi es Tema samecnieri
kvlevis TvalsazrisiT perspeqtiulad iTvleba.
gacilebiT vrceli masala arsebobs im niSnebis Sesa­
xeb, romlebic aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSia
SemorCenili. am regionis kulturul Zeglebze SemorCe­
nili gaurkveveli niSnebis Sesaxeb informacia samecniero
literaturaSi jer kidev meoce saukunis 30-ian wlebSi ga­
moCnda. im periodSi Senobebis qvebze amokveTili ucnobi
niSnebis kvleva ar momxdara. eTnografebi ZiriTadad maTi
fiqsaciiT Semoifarglnen. maTi mopovebuli masalac ra­
odenobrivad mcire iyo. ukanasknel aTwleulebSi am Temis
mimarT interesi mkveTrad gaizarda. masalis mopovebasac
da kvlevasac ufro sistemuri xasiaTi mieca. xevsureTSi,
fSavSi, TuSeTSi, xevSi arsebuli salocavebis, koSkebis
da sacxovreblebis qvebze amotvifruli niSnebi erTian
sistemaSi gaerTianda da cxadi gaxda, rom es gamosaxule­
bebi odesRac arsebuli erTiani damwerlobis niSnebs war­
moadgendnen. marTalia, am Temis kvleva jer mxolod saw­
yis stadiazea, magram am mimarTulebiT gaweuli Zalisxmeva
axlo momavalSi uTuod seriozul nayofs gamoiRebs.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi aRmoCenil
niSnebTan dakavSirebiT Zalze aqtualuria maTi da­
TariRebis problema. gamosaxulebebis didi umravlesoba
qvebzea amotvifruli. qvebze kveTis TariRis gan­ saz­
RvrisTvis raime zusti meTodi ar arsebobs. maTi Seqmnis
TariRi sxva, masTan iribad dakavSirebuli meTodiT unda
ganisazRvros.

_ 87 _
 aRmoCenili niSnebis gamomsaxvelobiTi formebi
imdenad mravalferovania, rom SesaZloa, maTi evoluciis
sakmaod xangrZliv procesTan gvqondes saqme. isic
savaraudoa, rom zogierTi warwera istoriulad Zalian
Zveli arcaa, magram Zveli tradiciis mibaZviTaa Seqmnili.
zogierTi gamosaxuleba, erTi SexedviT, TiTqosda
Cveulebrivi sayofao scenis naxats warmoadgens. rogorc
ar unda realisturi iyos es naxatebi, maTSi mainc ikveTeba
ieroglifuri damwerlobis elementebi. SesaZloa,
naxatebi marTlac Sua saukuneebSia Sesrulebuli, magram
uZvelesi damwerlobis tradicias aSkarad amJRavnebs. am
scenebSi CarTulia is grafikuli simboloebi, romlebic
sxva, ufro arqauli tipis warwerebSic gvxvdeba.
xSirad `moxatuli~ qvebi koSkis, an sacxovrebeli saxlis
kedlebSia CaSenebuli. arsebobs varaudi, rom SesaZloa
es qvebi aq mogvianebiTaa CaSenebuli, Zvelad ki romelime
sakulto nagebobis nawils warmoadgenda. zogierTi
warwera aSkara msgavsebas amJRavnebs ideografiul weriT
sistemasTan. ideografiuli wera gulisxmobs, rom raime
met-naklebad rTuli azri gamoxatulia erTi naxat-
niSniT. am naxat-niSnebis erToblioba ki mTlian Sinaarss
gadmogvcems. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania naxatebiT
gamosaxuli Sinaarsi da ara winadadebis gaxmovaneba.
sityvebis JReradobas mniSvneloba ara aqvs da Tu
suraT-niSnebis mniSvnelobebia cnobili, azris gasagebad
Sesabamisi sametyvelo enis codna saWiro araa. saerTo
Sinaarsi Tavad naxatebiTaa gamosaxuli.

_ 88 _
 rogorc vxedavT, kompoziciis Semadgeneli elemen­
tebi ZiriTadad stilizebuli naxatebia _ ideogramebia.
savaraudod, TiToeuli es gamosaxuleba calkeuli az­
ris gamomxatvelia da mTeli kompoziciis wakiTxva am
calkeuli azrebis kombinirebiT xdeba. gaaCnia Tu ara
am kompozicias gaxmovaneba, anu sityvieri wakiTxva, amis
dabejiTebiT mtkiceba jerjerobiT Znelia.
damwerlobis istoriaSi ideogramuli damwerlobis
Semdgom safexurs warmoadgens e. w. `sityviTi damwer­
loba~, sadac calkeul sityvebs calkeuli niSnebi
gamosaxaven, maTi Tanmimdevroba ki winadadebebs qmnis.
marcvlovani da bgeriTi damwerlobis sistemebi ukve am
evoluciuri procesis Semdgomi safexurebia.
xevsureTSi arsebobs warwerebi, sadac gamosaxulebebi
bevrad ufro abstraqtulia, vidre wina magaliTSi iyo. aq
ukve vxedavT ara mxolod naxatebs, aramed abstraqtul
niSnebsac. am niSnebis mniSvnelobebis codnis gareSe gamo­
saxuleba araviTar xatovan wakiTxvas ar eqvemdebareba.

xevsureTSi arsebobs gamosaxulebebi, romlebic

erT­
gvarad Sereul kompoziciebs afiqsirebs _ maT­
ze gamosaxulia stilizebuli suraT-niSnebic da ab­
straqtuli niSnebic.

_ 89 _
 aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi qvaze amokveTili
niSnebis garda, gamomsaxvelobiTi xelovneba Zalze mdi­
daria ornamentebiT. ornamentuli kultura Zalze
daxvewili da mravalferovania. aq samoselze, sxvadasxva
naqsovebsa Tu naqargobebSi gamosaxuli ornamentebi
mkveTr msgavsebas amJRavneben sxvadasxva xalxebis
kulturebidan cnobil ideografiul niSnebTan.
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi uZveles epoqaSi dam­
werlobis arsebobis idea kidev ufro ganamtkica grak­
lianis goraze warmoebulma arqeologiurma gaTxrebma.
marTalia, aRniSnuli uZvelesi warwerebi gaSifruli
ar aris, magram naTlad Cans, rom aseT Soreul epoqaSi
qarTuli kultura iseTsave midrekilebas amJRavnebs
damwerlobis mimarT, rogoric imdroindel mowinave
kulturebSi gvxvdeba. imdroindeli qarTuli kultura
Tanadrouli civilizaciis ganuyofeli nawilia.
Zv. w. mesame aTaswleulis bolo da meore aTaswleulis
dasawyisi saqarTvelos rogorc dasavleT, aseve aR­
mosavleT nawilSi mniSvnelovani gardatexis periodad
warmosdgeba.
kolxuri kulturis aRmavlobis dasawyiss aRmo­
savleTSi TrialeTis kulturis Camoyalibebis periodi
emTxveva. arqeologiuri monacemebis mixedviT, Tri­
aleTis kulturas mniSvnelovani genetikuri kavSirebi
gaaCnia Zvel mtkvar-araqsis kulturasTan. mecnierTa
umravlesoba Tvlis, rom TrialeTis kultura mesame
aTaswleulis bolos mtkvar-araqsis kulturis safuZ­
velze aRmocenda. es faqti ar gamoricxavs am teritoriaze
SesaZlo masStabur migraciul procesebsac, rac im
periodSi Cveulebriv movlenas warmoadgenda.
TrialeTis kulturis Zeglebs garkveuli msgavseba
axasiaTebT Sumerul, mcireaziur da egeosuri samyaros
ZeglebTan, rac am samyaroTa uZveles kavSirebze
metyvelebs.

_ 90 _
 imave periodSi kolxeTis kulturuli kavSirebi
eg­
viptemdec ki aRwevda. Zv. w. meore aTaswleulis
dasawyisSi qarTuli kultura aqtiurad iyo CarTuli im
epoqis mowinave kulturul nakadebSi.

_ 91 _
 Z v el i k ol xu ri da mwe r l ob a — kirb eb i

Zvel kolxeTSi damwerlobis arsebobis Sesaxeb

berZnul wyaroebSi bevri cnoba arsebobs. xSiria iseTi
SemTxvevebic, roca sxvadasxva avtorebi winamorbedTa
cnobebs mravalgzis imeoreben. am wyaroTa ganxilvas
fundamenturi gamokvleva miuZRvna akaki uruSaZem.42 man
calke gamoyo im avtorTa cnobebi, romlebic iuwyebodnen,
rom kolxeTidan wamoRebuli oqros sawmisi sinamdvileSi
cxvris tyavze Sesrulebuli nawerebi iyo, sadac oqros
qimiuri gziT miRebis teqnologia ewera.
oqros sawmisis es interpretacia emyareba Zv. w. IV
saukunis berZeni filosofosis evhemerosis mosazrebas.
igives imeoreben palefate, xaraqs pergamoneli (rogorc
Cans, is anonimuri avtoris miTologiur traqtats —
`daujerebelTaTvis~ — eyrdnoba), ax. w. VII saukunis
istorikosi, `msoflio qronikis~ avtori ioane antioqieli.
mis ganmartebas imeorebs `svidas~ saxeliT cnobili
X s-is leqsikoni. analogiuri ganmarteba gvxvdeba XII
saukunis moRvawis evstaTi Tesalonikelis teqstSic. ese
igi, am versiis mixedviT argonavtebma kolxeTidan oqros
sawmisis saxiT cxvris tyavebze dawerili teqsti waiRes:
`iasonma da misma mxleblebma, pontos zRviT kolxeTs
miRweulebma, moipoves medea da egreT wodebuli oqros
sawmisi. es is ki ar iyo, rogorc poeturad gadmogvcemen,
aramed wigni iyo tyavebze naweri, Semcveli imisa, Tu viT
unda gakeTdes oqro qimiis saSualebiT~.43
ra Tqma unda, oqros qimiuri gziT miRebis sakiTxi
sakamaTod gamoiyureba. amis garda, asec rom iyos,
oqros sawmisis, rogorc sulieri simbolos mniSvneloba
am versiaSi Zalze gamartivebulia, dakargulia Zveli

_ 92 _
mistikuri Sinaarsi. ganmartebaTa am seriaSi umTavresi
isaa, rom berZen moazrovneTa warmodgeniT kolxebs
damwerloba ZvelTaganve hqoniaT. berZeni avtorebisaTvis
es faqti imdenad bunebrivia, rom am sakiTxs damatebiTi
cnobebiT arc ki azusteben.
Zveli kolxuri damwerlobis Sesaxeb Zalze mniS­
vnelovania apolonios rodoselis uwyeba kolxuri kir­
bebis Sesaxeb.
apolonios rodoselis cnobiT kolxeTSi kirbebs
erTgvari kartografiuli daniSnuleba hqonia. maTze
gamosaxuli yofila `gzebi yovlTa zRvaTa da xmelTa~. es
uwyeba istoriuli TvalsazrisiT bunebrivad gamoiyureba,
radgan Zvel kolxeTze namdvilad gadioda savaWro gzebi
da mgzavrebisaTvis mimarTulebebis miTiTeba aqtualuri
sakiTxi iyo.
sazogadod, termin `kirbis~ Sesaxeb berZnul wyaroebSi
erTgvarovani ganmarteba ar arsebobs. miuxedavad imisa,
rom es sityva bevr berZnul wyaroSia moxsenebuli da
ganmartebulic kia, mainc aSkarad Cans, rom berZnuli
samyarosTvis igi ucxo terminia.
plutarqe imowmebs Zv. w. V saukunis antikuri kome­
diis warmomadgenels kratines da amgvar konteqstSi
moixseniebs kirbebs:
`salons da drakons geficebi, Tumca maT kirbebs
dRes qeris marcvlis moxalvisTvis iyenebs xalxi.~44
rogorc Cans `kirbebi~ kratines gagebiT, qvis an
Tixis firfitebia, dafebia, romlebzedac drakonisa
da solonis kanonebi iyo aRnusxuli. kratines dros
es kanonebi ugulvebelyofilia da maTi Semcveli fir­
fitebiT marcvals axmoben~.45
Zv. w. V-IV saukuneebis berZeni oratori lisia kirbebs
sasuliero warwerebis Semcvel Zeglebad miiCnevs. igi
aRniSnavs, rom msxverplSewirvebi kirbebis mixedviT
xdeboda.

_ 93 _
 komediografos aristofanes mixedviT kirbebze ka­
nonebi ewera.
aristotelec kirbebs kanonebis gamosaxvis funqcias
aniWebs. misi cnobiT solonis `kanonebi Camoweres kir­
bebze da gamohkides samefo stoaSi~...46
plutarqesTan aqcenti sasuliero teqstebze keTdeba:
`zogierTebi amboben, rom kirbebi ewodebodaT
im dafebs, romlebic RvTismsaxurebasa da msxverpl­
SewirvebTan dakavSirebul wesebs Seicaven, sxvebs ki
aqsonebi erqvaT~.47
Zv. w. IV saukunis istorikosis Teopompe qioselis
Txzulebis `RvTismoSiSobisTvis~ fragmentSi kirbebis
Sesaxeb naTqvamia:
`kirbebi ewodebaT imisagan, rom zeaRmarTulni
gvirgvindebian, anda koribantebisagan, vinaidan kirbebi
amaTi aRmoCenaa, rogorc ambobs Teopompe~.
kirbebis koribantebTan dakavSireba Zalze mniSv­ ne­
lovani aspeqtia kirbebis arsis gasarkvevad.
fotiosi Tavis `leqsikonSi~ ambobs, rom Teofrastes
mixedviTac kirbebi koribantul wminda warweraTa as­
lebia.48
Teofraste unda iyos peripatetikosi lesbosis qalaq
eresodan. igi botanikis fuZemdeblad iTvleba.49
Tavad kirbebis vizualur mxarezec sxvadasxva mo­
sazrebebia gamoTqmuli: zogi berZeni moRvawe mas dafebze
(xis, qvis, Tixis, spilenZis) dawerili saxiT warmoadgens,
zogi ki zeaRmarTuli, wawvetebuli qvebis formiT
axasiaTebs, romlis waxnagebzec warwerebia Sesrulebuli.
svidas leqsikonis mixedviT kirbebi dafebia, rom­
lebic qvisagan aRmarTul svetebzea mikruli. am dafebze
ki sasuliero da saero kanonebi weria. sqolastikosisa
da poetis kometas cnobiT kirbebi `ZvelisZveli
firfitebia~.
Tavad sityvis etimologiaSic didi azrTa sxvaobaa.

_ 94 _
swored amis gamoa, rom mecnierebi am termins araberZnuli
samyarodan momdinared Tvlian.
ak. uruSaZe marTebul daskvnas akeTebs:
`berZeni avtorebis damowmebul cnobaTa kompleqsSi
uaRresad sayuradRebod da realuri sinamdvilis Semcvel
cnobad migvaCnia is, rom kirbebi ZvelisZveli firfitebi
iyo qvis, Tixis, an spilenZis (kratine, lisia, Teopompe,
plutarqe, kometa), romlebic sakraluri xasiaTis
Canawerebs Seicavdnen (lisia, Teofraste, plutarqe)
da is, rom kirbebis aRmoCena miewerebaT korbantebs
(Teopompe, Teofraste, apolodore, svida).
bustrofedoniiT Sesrulebuli kirbebi (evfosioni)
Tavdapirvelad, vfiqrobT, mxolod sasuliero, sak­
raluri xasiaTis warwerebs Seicavda (lisia, aristofanes
sqoliasti, Teofraste, plutarqe, svida). ufro gvian
`kirbisi~ ewoda yvela sazogado sabuTsa da kanons
(kratine, aristofane, aristotele, apolodore, plu­
tarqe, svida). SedarebiT gvian unda mieRo kolxur kirbebs
kartografiuli mniSvnelobac (apolonios rodoseli da
misi sqolasti).~50
Zalze sayuradReboa vl. siWinavas mosazreba sityva
`kirbis~ etimologiasTan dakavSirebiT. man am sityvis
warmomavloba qarTuli enidan, kerZod, zanuridan axsna.
Zvel kolxurad (zanurad) sityva `kirbi~ igivea, rac
`kravi~, xolo `kiribiSi~ _ `kravis tyavi~. vl. siWinava
aseve miuTiTebs, rom iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi xSirad
cxvris da wignis aRsaniSnavad erTi da igive sityvebi
ixmareba.
uaRresad mniSvnelovania berZen avtorebTan `kir­
bebis~ dakavSireba `koribantebTan~. Tavad berZnul
enaSi sityva koribantis etimologia ixsneba rogorc
momdinare sityvidan xpύβω, rac niSnavs `vmalav~, `vfa­
rav~. es mniSvnelobac zustad gamoxatavs koribantTa
misteriebis farul xasiaTs. gavixsenoT, rom evropuli

_ 95 _
termini `runa~ swored imaves niSnavs. `kirbi~ da `runa~
identuri cnebebia.
antikuri wyaroebis mixedviT koribantebi winaelinur
periodSi kretaze mosaxle pelazgebis matriarqaluri
RvTaebis kibeles qurumebi iyvnen. diodore sicilielis
cnobiT koribantebis mamamTavari — kirbanti kibelesa da
iasionis Zea.51
elinur epoqaSi kunZul kretaze mcireaziuli RvTa­
ebis `didi dedis~, kibeles kulti Seerwya uranosisa da
geas asulis reas kults. svidas gadmocemiT `koribantebi
igivea, rac kuretebi. eseni zevsis gamdelni da mcvelebi
iyvnen. erTni amboben, isini aTni iyvneno, meoreni
amtkiceben — cxranio~.52
kibeles kultmsaxurebaSi wminda xe iyo muxa.
antikuri xanis didi geografosi straboni Zvel
wyaroebze dayrdnobiT aRniSnavs, rom `koribantebi,
romelTac damwerlobis — kirbebis Seqmna miewerebaT,
kolxTaganni arian da mWidrod ukavSirdebian rkinis
metalurgiis, mWedlobis mfarvel lemnosel kabirebs: ...
titanebma reas (kibeles) gadasces SeiaraRebeli mcvelebi
— koribantebi, romlebic (kretaze) baqtrianidan arian
wamosulnio, zogierTebi ki amboben, kolxTaganni
ariano~... (X, 3, 19).
berZnul wyaroebSi koribantebi identificirebulia
kabirebTan.
kabirebis kulti araelinuri misteriebis ZiriTadi
Semadgeneli nawili iyo da lemnosis, samoTrakiisa da
imbosis kunZulebze iyo gavrcelebuli.
varaudoben, rom matriarqaluri epoqis kibeles
qurumebi — koribontebi patriarqalur epoqaSi ukve
metalurgiis mfarveli RmerTis — hefestos xelqveiT
RvTaebebad moiazrebodnen.
bevri mecnieri kabirebis misteriebs Zveli pelazgebis
memkvidreobad miiCnevs.

_ 96 _
 Zveli cnobebis mixedviT, rogorc Zveli pelazguri
(maT Soris kretuli), aseve lemnosisa da samoTrakiuli
misteriebi Rrmad iyo dakavSirebuli Zvel kolxebTan.
argonavtikasTan dakavSirebul kvlevebSi udavoa is
faqti, rom kolxidasken mimavali argonavtebi kunZul
lemnossa da samoTrakias stumrobdnen. iq argonavtebs
sakmaod xangrZlivi SeCereba mouxdaT. berZnuli tra­
diciis mixedviT kunZuli lemnosic da gansakuTrebiT
samoTrakia kabirebTan dakavSirebuli misteriebis um­
Tavres centrad iTvleboda. bunebrivia, argonavtebi iq
kabirTa misteriebs eziarnen.
kabirTa samoTrakiuli misteriebi antikur samyaroSi
erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili sulieri skola iyo. zogjer
mas saberZneTis Crdilour misteriebad moixseniebdnen.
mecnierebaSi sruliad aRiarebulia, rom es misteriebi
winareberZnuli kulturidan momdinareobs. maTi gavlena
axali berZnuli sulieri cxovrebis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi
ganuzomlad didia.
berZnuli wyaroebis uwyebiT am kunZulebis mo­ sax­
leoba winaberZnuli kulturis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen.
herodotes cnobiT elinebamde samoTrakiaze pelazgebi
cxovrobdnen da kabirTa kultic maT daaarses. Zvel
wyaroebze dayrdnobiT straboni kabirebis kultis
mimdevar am mosaxleobas kolxur tomad Tvlida.
rogorc Cans, samoTrakiasa da kolxidas Soris
rogorc eTnosis, aseve sulieri cxovrebis formis
TvalsazrisiT seriozuli siaxlove arsebobda.

Tu mokled SevajamebT zemoT moxmobili wyaroebis

Sedegebs, Semdegi suraTi warmogvidgeba:
uZvelesi berZeni avtorebidan moyolebuli, mraval
werilobiT wyaroSi aRniSnulia argonavtikis periodSi,
ese igi, Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebSi kolxeTSi arsebuli
damwerlobiTi sistemis arsebobis Sesaxeb. kolxuri

_ 97 _
damwerlobis saxe am cnobebiT ar dgindeba, magram aSkaraa,
rom kirbebi raRac religiur da sakanonmdeblo niSnebs
warmoadgendnen. apolonios rodoselis uwyebiT, isini
sivrciT orientirebsac gamosaxavdnen, ese igi, mxareebisa
da gzebis mimarTulebebsac aCvenebdnen. berZeni avtorebi
irwmunebian, rom argonavtebma kolxeTidan cxvris tyavze
dawerili teqsti waiRes.
kolxeTSi mZlavri egvipturi kolonia yofila da
damwerlobis kolxuri formis daarseba maT miewerebaT.
egviptelTa gavleniT kolxeTis religiur cnobi­
erebaSi SeimCneoda hermesuli motivebi, rac miRmiur,
anu micvalebulTa samyaroze orientacias gulisxmobda.
igive hermesuli cnobierebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia
bunebis SemecnebaSi racionaluri elementebis Semotana,
rac mis garkveuli saxis niSnebiT gamosaxvas gulisxmobs.
damwerlobis Seqmna tradiciulad swored hermess mie­
wereba.
rogorc berZnuli wyaroebi iuwyebian, argonavtikis
periodSi momxdara kolxTa gadasaxleba evropis
kontinentze da iq kolxuri koloniebi daarsebula.
Tanamedrove evropuli gamokvlevebis mixedviT,
Zvel kolxebs namdvilad dauarsebiaT koloniebi sam­
xreT evropis teritoriaze. maT druidebis samyaroSi
religiuri cnobierebis sruliad axali forma CautaniaT.
es iyo swored hermesuli forma, rac erTi mxriv, gare
samyaros garkveuli niSnebiT, runebiT gamosaxvas
gulisxmoda, xolo, meore mxriv, religiur cnobierebaSi
yuradReba sikvdilis misteriaze gadahqonda. amgvari
sulieri orientacia sruliad ucxo iyo imdroindeli
druiduli evropisTvis. dasavlur miTologiaSi es
movlena aRiniSneba rogorc maT panTeonSi axali Taobis
RmerTebis gamoCena votanis, anu odinis meTaurobiT.
votani (odini) omis RmerTi yofila da misi kulti Savi
zRvis sanapirodan Sesula evropaSi.

_ 98 _
 berZnuli wyaroebis mixedviTac, kolxeTSi arsebobda
omis RmerTis imdenad Zlieri kulti, rom man berZnul
samyaroSic ki SeaRwia.
sikvdilis samyarosTan mimarTeba, iseve rogorc
kol­xur misteriebSi, odinis miTSic Zis gardacvalebiT
gamoixata. aietis Ze afsirte da odinis Ze balduri
mziuri gmirebi arian. sikvdilis Semdeg maT ver SeZles
aRdgoma.
ase rom, Zvel-berZnuli da evropuli gamokvlevebis
monacemebi saocari sizustiT eTanxmebian da garkveulad
avseben erTmaneTs. isini mogviTxroben kolxTagan ev­
ropaSi cnobierebis garkveuli formis gadatanis is­ to­
rias.
votans Savi zRvis aRmosavleTidan evropaSi magiur
niSanTa specifikuri sistema — runebi Seutania.
kolxTagan gadatanili runebi Zv. w. I aTaswleulis
meore naxevarSi safuZvlad daedo evropuli runul-
bgeriTi damwerlobis Seqmnas. am sistemam evropaSi
aTeuli saukuneebi iarseba, vidre bgeriT-asoiTi an­
banebiT Seicvleboda. (calke gansaxilvelia sakiTxi,
Tu ra gavlena moaxdina kolxurma runebma samxreTeli
xalxebis mier anbanuri sistemis Seqmnaze).
vfiqrobT, am wyaroebis Sejerebis Semdeg isRa
dagvrCenia, Zveli kolxeTis Sesaxeb dReisTvis arsebul
masalas gadavavloT Tvali da SevecadoT masSi aRniSnuli
movlenebis kvali movZebnoT.

_ 99 _
 k ol xu ri ru ne b i

marTalia, arsebuli werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT

sakmarisad arsebobs safuZveli imisTvis, rom Zvel
kolxeTSi gamomsaxvelobiTi niSnebis arsebobis Sesaxeb
visaubroT, magram mxolod werilobiTi wyaroebi ar
aris sakmarisi argumenti. yvelaze ufro utyuari ma­
salis mopoveba arqeologiuri gaTxrebis monacemebis
mixedviTaa SesaZlebeli.
cxadia, Cven upirveles yovlisa swored argonavtikis
periodis, ese igi, Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebis masala unda
gvainteresebdes, magram samwuxarod im periodis kolxuri
Zeglebi arqeologiuri TvalsazrisiT saTanadod ar aris
Seswavlili. kolxeTSi arqeologiuri kvlevebi saerTod
mcire masStabiTaa Catarebuli. aietis epoqis kulturuli
centrebis adgili dRemde ucnobia.
yvelaze mniSvnelovani masala, rac dReisTvis ar­
sebobs, vanis gaTxrebis Sedegadaa mopovebuli. am re­
gionSi uZvelesi fenebi Zv. w. VIII-VII saukuneebs afiq­sirebs.
rogorc o. lorTqifaniZe varaudobs, arsebuli ar­
qeologiuri monacemebis mixedviT vanis naqalaqari ar
waagavs `saero qalaqs~. aq ZiriTadad sataZro-sakulto
nagebobebia. misi azriT, aq saqme unda gvqondes kolxeTis
erT-erT religiur centrTan.53
vanSi imdenad didia sakulto nagebobaTa xvedriTi
wili, rom sruliad marTebuli unda iyos varaudi, rom aq
iyo Zveli kolxeTis misteriebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
centri. amitom, vanSi aRmoCenil masalas gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba unda mieniWos.
Zveli kolxuri damwerlobis kvlevisTvis ZiriTadad
swored vanis gaTxrebis monapovrebs SeiZleba daveyrdnoT.

_ 100 _
es masala qronologiurad argonavtikis periodidan
aranakleb 4-5 saukuniTaa dacilebuli.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Zveli kolxuri kultura
arqeologiuri TvalsazrisiT arasakmarisadaa Seswav­
lili, mainc arsebobs garkveuli nivTieri masala,
romliTac nawilobriv mainc xerxdeba Zvel kolxur
damwerlobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxis kvleva.
am TvalsazrisiT arqeologiuri masala SeiZleba
ramdenime jgufad daiyos:
1. WurWlis saxiT arsebuli keramikuli nawarmi;
2. Zveli kolxuri keramikuli kramitis warmoeba;
3. nagebobaTa kedlebis qvebze amotvifruli niSnebi;
4. samkaulebze arsebuli niSnebi da gamosaxulebebi;
5. kolxuri fulis monetebi;
6. kolxuri culebi;
7. kolxuri Subispirebi.
keramikuli nawarmi, romelzedac niSnebia datanili,
ZiriTadad sami saxisaa: kramiti, amforebi da qvevrebi.
qvevrebi, romlebzedac niSnebia datanili, ZiriTadad
qvevrsamarxebSia aRmoCenili. ese igi, es qvevrebi mic­
valebulTa dasamarxad gamoiyeneboda.
dReisTvis arsebuli arqeologiuri masalebis mixe­
dviT, kolxeTis teritoriaze Zv. w. pirveli aTaswleulis
Sua xanebamde aRmoCenil keramikul nawarmze niSnebis
datanis tradicia ar fiqsirdeba. rogorc Cans, am
periodidan Cndeba es moTxovnileba. SesaZloa, igi sa­
berZneTidan Semotanil keramikaze datanili damRebis
mibaZviT Camoyalibda.
kramitis, amforebis an qvevrebis zedapirebze niS­
nebis datana maTi warmoebis procesSi (gamowvamde)
xdeboda, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom am niSnebs xelosnebi

_ 101 _
gamosaxavdnen. es ki imaze metyvelebs, rom am niSnebis
mniSvnelobebi Zalze farTod iyo cnobili kolxeTis
xelosnebis wreebSi. cxadia, xelosnebi sazogadoebis
dabal fenas ganekuTvnebodnen, rac niSnavs, rom kolxeTis
mosaxleobis farTo fenebisTvis runebis mniSvnelobebi
saidumlos ar warmoadgenda. es faqti imaze metyvelebs,
rom im periodSi runuli cnobiereba ukve degradirebulia,
runebis sakraluri mniSvnelobebi gafermkrTalebulia.
rogorc vnaxeT, analogiur movlenasTan gvqonda saqme
saberZneTSic, sadac kirbebis sulieri mniSvnelobebis
degradireba moxda da wminda warwerebian dafebs ukve
sayofacxovrebo nivTebadRa xmarobdnen.
Zv. w. VI-IV saukuneebis kolxeTis nivTieri kultura
saocari erTianobiT gamoirCeva.
keramikuli warmoeba im periodSi kolxeTis erT-erT
maRalganviTarebul dargs warmoadgenda. kolxuri kerami­
ka ZiriTadad Savi ferisaa. igi rogorc formiT, aseve or­
namentiT kolxeTis mTel teritoriaze iden­turia.
sof. dablagomSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros
Zv. w. VI-III saukuneebiT daTariRebul fenaSi aRmoCenil
iqna keramikuli WurWeli (qvevrsamarxi), romlebzedac
gamowvamde amotvifruli iyo sxvadasxva niSnebi. mar­
Talia, maT Soris zogierTi niSani sazogadod asoebis
moyvanilobas emsgavseba, magram dadgenil iqna, rom es
niSnebi asoebi ar arian, radgan isini ar miekuTvnebian
erT romelime cnobil anbans.

warmodgenil niSanTagan samis Sesaxeb b. a. kuftinma

Tavidanve gamoTqva mosazreba, rom `marTalia, maTgan
oris ( , ) analogebi gvxvdeba etruskul da uZveles
laTinur anbanSi, magram SeuZlebelia davuSvaT maTi am
anbanebidan momdinareoba, radgan isini erTi da imave na­
_ 102 _
marxis WurWelSi erTiandebian. igive stilSia Sesrulebu­
li mesame niSanic — svastika, romelic arc erT am anbanSi
ar gvxvdeba rogorc aso. yvelaze ufro swori iqneboda am
sam niSanSi dagvenaxa garkveuli magiuri funqciebi~.54
saintereso niSnebia datanili dafnarsa da sufsa-
natanebis auzSi aRmoCenil qvevrebze:55

vanis gaTxrebisas SemCneul iqna erTi Tavisebureba:

Tixis WurWelze, kerZod amforebze, yelis areSi,
gamowvamde, basri sagniT datanili iyo sxvadasxva
niSnebi. analogiur elinur WurWelze, aseve yelis areSi,
rogorc wesi, daitaneboda xolme WurWlis moculobis
aRmniSvneli warwerebi. kolxeTSi gansxvavebuli SemTxveva
iyo. patara zomis WurWelze xSirad gamosaxuli iyo
niSnebi T da Λ. es niSnebi rom berZnuli asoebi iyos, maTi
ricxviTi mniSvnelobebidan gamomdinare 300 da 30 litrs
unda gamosaxavdes, rac realobas ar Seesabameba. aseve
vanSi igive niSnebi datanilia adgilobrivi warmoebis
kramitzec, rac, cxadia, sxva mniSvnelobas unda
gamoxatavdes. aseve amforebis yelze gvxvdeba svastikac,
romelic ar Sedis berZnul anbanSi.56
aseve vanSi aRmoCenilia saojaxo Tixis WurWeli,
romelzec aseve sxvadasxva niSnebia datanili:57

_ 103 _
 WurWlis namtvrevebSi aRmoCnda, rom ramdenime maTgans
Zirze gamowvamde amokawruli hqondaT jvrismagvari
niSani . amgvari niSnebi aRmoCnda langrebzec, magram
amjerad es nakawrebi gamowvis Semdeg iyo Sesrulebuli.58
Zv. w. III-II saukuneebiT daTariRebul kidev erT
samarxSi Tixis WurWelze Semdegi niSnebi iqna aRmoCenili:

vanis arqeologiuri gaTxrebisas gamovlenil cal­keul

niSanTa Soris didi adgili ukavia svastikis ga­mosaxulebas.
Tavad es niSanic sxvadasxva formiTaa gamosaxuli. igi
gvxvdeba rogorc keramikis nakeTobebze, aseve samkaulebze,
brinjaos nakeTobebze. Zv. w. V saukuniT daTariRebul
samarxSi svastika datanili iyo brinjaos situlaze.59

vanSi centralur terasaze saganZuris kompleqsis

gaTxrisas erT-erT yofil xis nagebobaSi aRmoCnda 150-
mde Tixis sawafi. isini gankuTvnili unda yofiliyo
saqsovi dazgis qselis Zafebis dasaWimad. sawafebi
piramiduli formisaa da bevr maTganze amokawrulia
niSnebi. isini Tixis gamowvamdea datanili:

sawafebis samlocveloebTan aRmoCena cnobili mov­

lenaa, magram aseTi raodenobis sawafis erT samlocveloSi
Senaxvis faqti sxvagan arsad dafiqsirebula. varaudoben,
rom isini ritualuri kultis saWiroebisTvis iyvnen am
saTavsSi.60
erT-erT samarxSi aRmoCenil brinjaos WurWels, si­
tulas (Zv. w. V s.) Zirze svastika aqvs gamosaxuli. qalis
_ 104 _
samarxSic aRmoCenilia brinjaos WurWeli, romlis
Zirzec aseve svastikaa.
vanis arqeologiur masalaSi Zv. w. IV-I saukuneebis
qvis nagebobis nangrevebSi aRmoCenilia Tlili qva,
romelzedac amokveTilia T asos msgavsi niSani.61
vanSi napovnia Tixis nakeTobebi62 gamosaxulebebiT X da C.
arsebobs iseTi WurWelic, romelzec namdvilad
ber­Znuli warwerebia, anda berZnuli asoebis msgavsi
calkeuli gamosaxulebebi.63
Zv. w. V saukunidan vanSi ukve SeimCneva berZnuli
damwerlobis kvali. Semdeg saukuneebSi berZnuli enis
gavlena kidev ufro izrdeba.
Tavidanve cxadi iyo, rom berZnuli anbaniT ver ix­
sneba kolxeTSi aRmoCenili mravali warwera, romlebic
ZiriTadad calkeuli niSnebiTaa warmodgenili. zogi­erTi
maTgani nawilobriv hgavs berZnul asoebs, mag­ram umrav­
lesoba aSkarad ar eqvemdebareba berZnul warmomavlobas.
vanis naqalaqaris gaTxrebisas keramikuli nawar­
mi farTod gamovlinda kramitis saxiT. rogorc ga­
mokvlevebma aCvena, kramitis es saxeoba adgilobrivi
warmoebisaa. Tixac adgilobrivia.
elinur epoqaSi saberZneTidan sxvadasxva qveynebSi didi
raodenobiT xdeboda berZnuli kramitis eqs­ portireba.
gansakuTrebiT kargadaa Seswavlili sinopuri kramitis
gavrcelebis areali. kolxeTSic aRmo­ Ceni­
lia sinopuri
kramitis importirebis kvali. mcire ra­ odenobiT vanis
gaTxrebzec gamovlinda sinopuri kramitis namtvrevebi,
magram adgilobrivi kramitisgan igi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba.
elinisturi xanis sinopuri kramitisaTvis damaxa­
siaTebelia damRis arseboba.64 sinopuri kramitis damRaTa
saxeobebi imdenad kargadaa klasificirebuli, rom maTi
saSualebiT didi sizustiT xdeba daTariReba.65
vanSi aRmoCenili masalis mixedviT dadginda, rom aq
sinopuri kramiti Zv. w. 320-270 wlebSi SemoutaniaT.66

_ 105 _
 sinopSi warmoebuli kramitisagan gansxvavebiT vanis
adgilobriv kramits damRa ara aqvs, masze datanilia
Taviseburi niSnebi, romlebic nedl kramitze gamowvamde
gamousaxavT. es niSnebi wvetiani iaraRiTaa dakawruli.
zogierT niSanze wertilebis magvari niSnebi pirdapir
TiTiTaa datanili. msgavsi niSnebi ar gvxvdeba Savi­
zRvispireTis elinisturi xanis masalebSi.67
vanSi gaTxril sxvadasxva saxlis kramitze erTi da
igive niSnebi meordeba. erT ubanze daaxloebiT 15 niSani
gvaqvs. am niSnebis daniSnulebis sakiTxi jerjerobiT
gadauwyvetlad iTvleba. erTxans fiqrobdnen, rom
SesaZloa kramitze datanili niSnebi im saxelosnoebis
aRmniSvnelia, sadac isini damzadda, magram am varauds
myari safuZveli ar aRmoaCnda. bunebrivia, erTi saxlis
saxuravze 10-15 sxvadasxva saxelosnoSi damzadebuli
kramiti erTdroulad verafriT ver moxvdeboda. cxadia,
isini erT saxelosnoSia damzadebuli.

_ 106 _
 Zv. w. II_I saukuneebSi vanSi warmoebuli kramitis Sua
nawilSi gamowvamde datanilia niSani. zogan wertilebi
TiTiTaa dasmuli. kramitze gamosaxuli niSnebi SeiZleba
daiyos sam jgufad:
1. niSnebi romlebic berZnul asoebs hgavs
2. gamoucnobi niSnebi
3. TiTis anabeWdebi
aseve gvxvdeba Sereuli niSnebi: TiTis anabeWdebi
xazovani niSnebis SigniT.68
vanis kramitebis Seswavlam aCvena, rom niSnebi yvela
kramitzea datanili. es niSnebi ar SeiZleba iyos xelo­
sanTa, an saxelosnos aRmniSvneli niSnebi, rogorc es si­
no­purTan dakavSirebiTaa miRebuli, rad­gan vanis krami­
tis niSnebi Zalze martivi da Zalze mravalferovania.69
vanis naqalaqaris gaTxrisas zogierT ubanze qro­
nologiurad gansxvavebuli xuTi fena dafiqsirda.
uZ­velesi fenebi daaxloebiT Zv. w. VIII-VII saukuneebs
ganekuTvneba. kramitebiani saxlis naSTebi Zv. w. I saukunis
fenebs afiqsirebs. ganxiluli kramitebis jgufi swored
Zv. w. I saukuniT TariRdeba. Semdeg Sua-feodalur xanamde
garkveuli wyveta SeimCneva.70 n. xoStarias azriT Zv. w. I
saukuneSi qalaqi darbeuli da gadamwvaria.
mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom analogiuri niSnebi
gvxvdeba rogorc mcxeTaSi, aseve eSeraSi aRmoCenil
Tixis nakeTobebzec. maTi warmoebis droc TiTqmis vanis
kramitis Tanadroulia.
axali welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi mcxeTaSi dasturdeba
adgilobrivi tipis Rariani kramitis warmoeba. Tavad
kramitis warmoebis wesic adgilobrivia da igi ar hgavs
im periodis warmoebaTa antikur teqnologiebs.71
am kramitebze da zogjer imave periodis Tixis Wur­
Welzec xSirad erTi da igive niSnebia gamosaxuli, es
niSnebic calkeul gamosaxulebebs warmoadgenen da
_ 107 _
mkveTr msgavsebas amJRavneben vanis kramitis niSnebTan.
niSnebi mcxeTis kramitebze

Zv. w. II-I saukuneebSi kolxeTSi farTo xasiaTi

hqonia amforebis warmoebas. savaraudod, amave periodSi
Cn­
­ de­ba amforebze niSnebis datanis tradiciac. vanSi
am amforebze datanili niSnebis ormocamde saxeobaa
dafiqsirebuli. am niSnebis didi nawili manamde ukve
gvxvdeba kolxur piTosebze, anu qvevrebze (Zv.w. IV-III) da
kramitebze. kramitebisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac niSnebi
yovel maTganzea datanili, amforebze isini mxolod
zogierTzea.72

Zvel kolxeTSi oqros mopovebasa da damuSavebaze

berZen-laTini mwerlebic mogviTxroben da mas `oqro­
mraval~ qveyanas uwodeben. arqeologiuri monacemebis
mixedviT savaraudoa, rom Zv. w. VI-IV saukuneebSi vanSi
arsebobda profesional xelosanTa mZlavri skola, ro­
melic urTulesi teqnikuri xerxebis gamoyenebiT sauku­
neebis manZilze mxatvruli oqromWedlobis ubrwyinva­
les nimuSebs qmnida.73
rogorc o. lorTqifaniZe aRniSnavs, `vanSi mopo­
vebuli oqros samkauli sakmaod mravalferovania da
metad mravalricxovani. isini xasiaTdebian gasaocari

_ 108 _
mxatvrul-stilisturi erTianobiT. maT adgilobriv,
ese igi, kolxur warmomavlobaze miuTiTebs mxatvruli
formis originaloba, rac metwilad mxolod kol­
xeTisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, zogierT SemTxvevaSi gene­
tikurad ukavSirdeba (rogorc formiT, aseve dekoriT)
winamorbedi xanis brinjaos kulturis Zeglebs da,
rogorc wesi, ar gvxvdeba kolxeTis (da saerTod Zveli
saqarTvelos) farglebs gareT~.74
Zv. w. V s. warCinebuli kolxi qalis samarxSi napovni
doliseburi sakidebi Semkulia dacvaruli geometriuli
saxeebiT: svastikiT, meandriT da sxva. es uZvelesi
ornamenti (svastika), romlis sawyisi formebi Zvel
aRmosavleTSi cnobilia ukve eneoliTis xanidan, kolxur
xelovnebaSi gviani brinjaos xanidanaa gavrcelebuli
da jer kidev kolxur culebze gvxvdeba. igive niSani
aRmoCenilia vanSi napovn Zv. w. V s.-is cxenosnis
gamosaxulebian oqros sakidebze (cxenis gavaze), agreTve
kolxur brinjaos situlebze.

igive gamosaxuleba gvxvdeba agreTve ufro gvianac:

elinisturi xanis kolxur amforebze da Tixis piramiduli
formis sawafebze. igive ornamenti sxvadasxva variantiT
dRemde Semonaxulia qarTuli `dedaboZis~ morTulobaSi,
da saerTod, qarTul xalxur ornamentSic.75
kolxeTSi aRmoCenil samkaulebze arsebuli gamosa­
xulebebi Zalze mniSvnelovan simbolur saxeebs Seicaven.
`rTulia sakiTxi etlze mdgomi mxedrebis (vani) an
kidev raSebis (axalgori) gamosaxulebiani sayureebis
simboluri sakiTxis Sesaxeb... igi SeiZleba dagvekavSirebina
Zvel kolxeTSi farTod gavrcelebul warmodgenebTan
didi qalRmerTisa da misi mxedrebis Sesaxeb. aseTi kulti
dadasturebulia skviTur-sarmatul samyaroSi Zv. w. IV-III

_ 109 _
saukuneebisTvis (m. rostovcevi), ax. w. I-IV ss. dunais
sanapiroebze — meziaSi, dakiasa da panoniaSi (d. tudori)
da Semonaxulia agreTve kidev ufro gviandel slavur
xalxur xelovnebaSi (b. ribakovi).
xSirad didi qalRmerTis nacvlad samkaulze war­
modgenilia mzis diskos gamosaxuleba. vanisa da axal­
goris samkaulebic varduliT — mzis simboloTia dag­
virgvinebuli, xolo vanis sayureze — erT-erTi cxenis
gavaze cvaraTi gamoyvanilia svastika (agreTve mzis sim­
bolo). axalgoris cxenebs Tavze gamosaxuli aqvT rqa~.76
calke kvlevis sagania kolxuri monetebis ikono­
grafia. arsebuli masalebis mixedviT adgilobrivi
fuladi erTeuli kolxeTSi Zv. w. VI saukunidan iWreboda.
kolxur monetebze gamosaxuli arsebebis raoba
dRemde daudgenelia. magaliTad, kolxur TeTrze erT
mxares gamosaxulia arqaizebuli TmagaSlili RvTaebis
Tavi. igi marjvniv iyureba da Casmulia diademaSi.
monetis zurgis mxares gamosaxulia wertilovan, an
xazovan rkalSi Casmuli xaris Tavi. TeTris es saxeoba
daaxloebiT 200 wlis ganmavlobaSi iWreboda Zv. w. V-IV
saukuneebSi.
RvTaebis vinaoba amoucnobia. sxvadasxva varaudiT,
masze gamosaxuli RvTaeba SeiZleba iyos adgilobrivi mzis
RvTaeba, an mze (heliosi), apoloni, friqse. gamoTqmulia
sxva varaudebic.
kolxuri TeTris didi umravlesoba warweris gareSea.
Zv. w. IV saukuneSi zogierT TeTrze gaCnda erTasoiani
gamosaxulebebi. aseTi moneta Zalze mcire raodenobiT
arsebobs da maTze 7-8 saxis niSania aRmoCenili. niSnebi
berZnul asoebs hgavs da amitomac mecnierebaSi Tavidanve
aseve iqna miRebuli. Tumca dRemde daudgenelia ras
SeiZleba niSnavdes es asoebi. ase rom, kolxur TeTrze
gamosaxuli niSnebis berZnul asoebad warmodgenac bo­
lomde dadgenilad ver CaiTvleba.

_ 110 _
 kolxeTSi Zalze daxvewili niSnebia datanili xan­
jlebze, culebsa da Subispirebze:

kolxuris msgavsi niSnebi aRmoCenilia aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSic.
Zveli mcxeTis regionSi, zemo avWalasTan gaTxrebis
dros aRmoCnda Zveli dedaqalaqis zRudis naSTebi. es
aris qvaTlilebisagan naSeni didi galavani. aRmoCnda,
rom qvaTlilTa erT jgufSi qvebze TiTo an or-ori
niSania amokveTili. zogierTi niSani berZnul asoebs
emsgavseba.77

am niSanTagan yvela aso rom berZnuli anbanidan iyos,

cxadia safiqrali iqneboda, rom berZeni xelosnebi calkeul
niSnebs adebdnen qvebs, magram aSkaraa, rom yvela niSani
berZnul anbanSi ar Tavsdeba, amitom unda vivaraudoT, rom
isini raime sxva erTiani sistemis nawili SeiZleba iyos.
rogorc vxedavT, arsebuli masalis mixedviT, Zvel
kolxeTSi, da saerTod, saqarTvelos sxva regionebSic
gamovlenilia grafikul gamosaxulebaTa Zalze didi ra­
odenoba, romlebic arc erTi cnobili anbanis aso-niSnebs
_ 111 _
ar warmoadgenen. sruliad aSkaraa, rom maT arc hqondaT
bgerebis aRniSvnis funqcia. es niSnebi TavianT funqciebs
damoukideblad asrulebdnen. amgvar niSnebad dReis­Tvis
sxva araviTari grafikuli gamosaxuleba ar SeiZleba
vigulisxmoT, Tu ara runebi. vfiqrobT, arqeologiuri
masalebi naTlad aCveneben, rom Zvel kolxeTSi Zalze in­
tensiurad arsebobda runuli cno­biereba.
Zveli kolxeTis Sesaxeb arsebuli arqeologiuri
masala, romelsac Cven winamdebare gamokvlevaSi veyr­
dnobiT, moicavs Zv. w. VI-I saukuneebs. ese igi, kolxuri
runebis saxe CvenTvis Zv. w. pirveli aTaswleulis meore
naxevris periodSi fiqsirdeba.
werilobiTi wyaroebis mowmobiT kolxebs raRac
saxis damwerloba Zv. w. XII saukuneSic hqoniaT. ese igi,
Cveni mopovebuli masala minimum 6 saukunis Semdgom
periods afiqsirebs. cxadia, am periodSi kolxuri
runebi garkveul cvlilebas ganicdida. pirveladi saxis
aRdgenamde iZulebuli varT dReisTvis arsebul Zv. w.
VI-I saukuneebis masalas daveyrdnoT.
cxadia, Zalian aqtualuria sakiTxis garkveva, hqondaT
Tu ara kolxur runebs fonetikuri mniSvnelobebi.
kolxeTSi mopovebul arqeologiur masalaze ru­
nebi calkeuli niSnebis saxiTaa gamosaxuli. yvelaze
`grZeli warwera~ mxolod sam niSans Seicavs. dablagomis
qvevrsamarxSi aRmoCenil doqze datanilia warwera:

doqi gamouwvavia. v. liCelis mosazrebiT, igi saxel­

daxelod, micvalebulis samarxSi Casataneblad unda iyos
damzadebuli. es doqi Zv. w. III saukuniTaa daTariRebuli.78
arsebobs kidev erTi orniSniani warwerac.79
aseTi mwiri masaliT niSnebis fonetikur mniSv­ ne­
lobebze saubari SeuZlebelia.

_ 112 _
 dReisTvis gadaWriT Tqma, hqondaT Tu ara kolxur
runebs fonetikuri mniSvnelobebi (anu gardaisaxa Tu
ara igi anbanur damwerlobad), SeuZlebelia. am sakiTxis
gasarkvevad ufro meti arqeologiuri masalis mopovebaa
saWiro.
Zv. w. I aTaswleulis bolos dasavleTSi germanuli
runebi ukve anbanuri damwerlobis gavlenas ganicdian
da ukve aSkarad bgerebis gamoxatvis tendencias
amJRavneben. germanuli runuli damwerloba im periodSi
ukve evoluciis Semdgom etapze imyofeba — mas Sereuli
xasiaTi aqvs. SemdgomSi germanuli runebi mTlad anbanur
saxes iRebs, magram konkurencias veRar uwevs klasikur
anbanur sistemebs.
Tu Zv. w. XII saukuneSi kolxuri runebi arsebobda,
gamodis, rom igi win uswrebs arqaul-berZnul anbanur
damwerlobas, romlis warmoSobac Zv. w. pirveli aTas­
wleulis dasawyisSi igulisxmeba. kolxuri runebis
niSnebis grafikuli msgavseba arqaul berZnul anbanTan
sruliad aSkaraa. kolxuri runebis msgavseba aseve
aSkaraa im anbanur sistemebTan, romlebic Tanamedrove
mecnierebaSi arqauli berZnuli anbanidan warmoSobilad
igulisxmeba (etruskuli, frigiuli, pirineis iberiuli...).
Tvalis erTi gadavlebiTac cxadia, rom am anbanebis
gavrcelebis teritoriebi ZiriTadad swored is te­rito­
riebia, sadac berZnuli miTosis mixedviT argonavtebsa
da mis mdevrebs mouwiaT gavla.
rogorc aRvniSneT, dasavleTSi gadasuli kolxebi
brigebis samkvidro adgilebSi dasaxlebulan. strabonis
cnobiT ki brigebi igive frigielebi arian. frigiuli
anbani ki saocar msgavsebas amJRavnebs rogorc arqaul
berZnulTan, aseve kolxur runebTan.
miTosis mixedviT, etruskebis samkvidro mxareSi, imis
garda, rom argonavtebi oqros sawmissa da medeasTan
erTad Cavidnen, ukve imyofeboda kolxi dedofali, aietis

_ 113 _
da kirke, rac ukve TavisTavad gulisxmobs etruskul
da kolxur kulturul garemoTa mWidro urTierTobas.
rac Seexeba pirineis iberielebs, am SemTxvevaSi qarTul-
pirineuli koncefciebi dResac aqtualuri kvlevis
procesSia.
ese igi, SesaZlebelia davuSvaT hipoTeza, rom am
anbanebis aso-niSnebis formas Zveli kolxuri runebi
daedo safuZvlad.
rogorc vnaxeT, runuli damwerlobis niSnebi Zvel
kolxeTTan dakavSirebuli arqeologiuri masalis vrcel
speqtrSi vlindeba. rogorc Cans, Zveli kolxebi runul
magiur niSnebs TavianTi saqmianobis TiTqmis yvela
sferoSi gamosaxavdnen. isini gvxvdeba sacxovrebeli
saxlis kedlebze, saxuravze, sameurneo WurWelze —
rogorc keramikaze, aseve brinjaos WurWelze. runebi
gamosaxulia saqsov saqmianobasTan dakavSirebul xel­
sawyoebze — Tixis sawafebze, aseve kargad cnobil
kolxur culebze. igive niSnebi gvxvdeba samkaulebze.
Tumca kolxur monetaze — `TeTrze~, rogorc wesi,
warwerebi ar keTdeboda, magram SeiZleba vivaraudoT,
rom im iSviaT SemTxvevebSic, roca monetaze calkeuli
asoebi gamoisaxa, isinic runebidan unda yofiliyo
aRebuli.
SesaZlebelia dReisaTvis arsebuli arqeologiuri
masala gavaerTianoT da kolxuri runebi msgavsebis
mixedviT davalagoT:

_ 114 _
k ol xu ri ru ne b i

_ 115 _
 rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, evropaSi runuli dam­
werlobis safuZvlad germanuli klasikuri runuli rigi
iTvleba. es damwerloba praqtikul funqcias ax. w. VIII
saukunemde asrulebda. am dros igi wyvets arsebobas
da adgils uTmobs bgeriT-anbanur sistemas. dReisTvis
arsebuli arqeologiuri masalis mixedviT, germanuli
runuli damwerloba Tavisi arsebobis bolo aTaswleulSi
Sereuli anbanuri sistemis saxiT arsebobda. ese igi,
runebs Zveli magiuri mniSvnelobebic hqonda SemorCenili
da amave dros calkeuli bgerebis gamosaxvac SeeZloT,
riTac isini bgeriT-anbanuri sistemebis msgavs funqciebs
asrulebdnen — sityvebis bgeriTi wakiTxvis saSualebas
iZleodnen.
XX saukuneSi kvlav gaCnda runuli damwerlobis
Seswavlisadmi interesi. met-naklebad Seswavlil iqna
runebis Zveli magiuri mniSvnelobebic. am kvlevebis
_ 116 _
SedegebSi bevri ram sakamaTod iTvleba da maTze azrTa
sxvadasxvaobac arsebobs.
bunebrivia, sainteresoa SevadaroT XX saukuneSi
restavrirebuli germanuli runuli anbani da Zveli
kolxuri runebis monacemebi.

germanuli kolxuri
runebi runebi

_ 117 _
 rogorc vxedavT, Zvel kolxur runul niSnebsa da
germanul runebs Soris msgavseba aSkaraa.
cxadia, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi orive samyaroSi —
rogorc dasavleTSi, aseve kolxeTSi runebis grafikuli
gamosaxulebebi cvlilebebs ganicdidnen. amave dros
germanuli runebi ukve iseTi istoriuli fenidanaa
aRebuli, roca isini bgeriTi-anbanuri sistemebis gav­
leniT funqcionalurad Secvlilni arian.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, germanuli klasikuri ru­
nebis grafikuli saxe aSkara msgavsebas amJRavnebs sam­
xreTul anbanebTan. amitomac zogierTi mecnieri runebis
warmoSobas etruskul-alpiur aso-niSnebs ukavSirebs.
lemnosis stela Zv. w. VII saukunis meore naxevriT TariR­
deba. masze Sesrulebuli warwera msgavsebas avlens rogorc
frigiul damwerlobasTan, aseve etruskulTan. amave dros
frigiuli damwerloba arqauli berZnuli damwerlobidan
warmoSobilad iTvleba. am gziT mecnierebi frigiul-lem­
nosur da etruskul damwerlobas erTi da igive wyarodan
— Zveli berZnulidan warmoSobilad Tvlian.80
berZnuli anbanuri damwerlobis uZvelesi nimuSebi Zv.
w. VIII-VII saukuneebiT TariRdeba. bevri mecnieri am anbanis
Seqmnas Zv. w. I aTaswleulis dasawyisisTvis varaudobs.
runebis grafikuli saxis anbanur asoebTan msgavsebam
warmoSva hipoTeza, rom Sua evropis regionSi runebi
bgeriTi anbanis safuZvelze Seiqmna. es mosazreba
Tavis TavSi ukve Seicavs Sinaarsobriv winaaRmdegobas.
sazogadod, runuli damwerloba evoluciis procesSi
anbanuri damwerlobis winare safexurs warmoadgens.
runebis calkeuli niSnebi dasrulebul Sinaarsebs
gamoxataven. isini damoukidebeli ideogramebia, romelTa
moxazuloba ukve TavisTavad raRac magiuri Sinaarsis
Semcvelia.
anbanuri damwerloba swored imiT gansxvavdeba
Zveli ieroglifuri, an runuli damwerlobisagan, rom

_ 118 _
gamosaxulebebi aq ukve aucileblobiT aRar gamosaxaven
damoukidebel Sinaarsebs. anbanuri niSnebi ukve calkeuli
bgerebis abstraqtuli gamosaxulebebia. mxolod bgeraTa
kombinirebiT miiReba sityvebi da vidre asoebis erToba
dasrulebul sityvad ar formirdeba, misi Sinaarsi
gamokveTili ar aris.
ase rom, runebidan anbanebis asoebis warmoSoba
evoluciuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sruliad
bunebrivia, xolo abstraqtuli anbanidan runebis war­
moSoba arabunebrivad gamoiyureba. evoluciis Tval­
sazrisiT es ukan gadadgmuli nabiji iqneboda. am mizezis
gamo, aradamajerebelia varaudi, rom evropuli runebi
etruskuli, an romelime sxva bgeriTi anbanidan SeiZleba
warmoSobiliyo.
zemoT saubari iyo runuli niSnebis kolxuri mis­
teriebidan Sua evropaSi gadatanis procesze, rac da­
axloebiT Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebs, anu argonavtikis epoqas
gulisxmobs.
arqeologiuri masalebi am periodis kolxuri
kulturis Sesaxeb umniSvnelo raodenobiT moipoveba.
dRemde ucnobia, sad iyo aietis kolxidas sulieri
centrebi. dRemde isic ki araa bolomde garkveuli, aia
kolxidas dasaxelebis sinonimia, Tu misi dedaqalaqis
saxeli. arsebobs varaudi, rom aia igive kolxidaa, xolo
misi dedaqalaqi — kutaia. ase rom, troas Tanamedrove
kolxidas dedaqalaqi jer kidev mosaZebni da Sesaswavlia.
Zveli kolxuri kulturis Sesaxeb arsebuli arqe­
ologiuri masala Zalze mwiria. kolxur runebze Cven
maTi Soreuli anareklebis mixedviT vmsjelobT. ase rom,
Zveli kolxidas Zeglebis Zieba da Seswavla jer kidev
momavlis amocanaa.
Tu kolxuri runuli damwerlobis Zv. w. XIII-XII sa­
ukuneebSi arseboba nivTobrivad dadasturdeba, maSin,
cxadia, srulad logikuria, rom ramdenime saukunis

_ 119 _
Semdeg, Zv. w. I aTaswleulis dasawyisSi (Zv. w. X-VII s.)
Seqmnili finikiuri da uZvelesi berZnuli anbanic
swored im kolxur runebs davukavSiroT, romlebsac
aseve kolxeTidan SeeZloT am regionebSi SeeRwiaT.
Tundac igive argonavtebis mogzauroba bunebrivad
SeiZleba gulisxmobdes damwerlobis mopovebas. ber­
Z­
nuli wyaroebSic xom dabejiTebiT irwmunebian, rom
oqros sawmisi cxvris tyavze Sesrulebuli warwerebia
da argonavtebis eqspediciis mizani swored misi mopoveba
iyo.
aseve aRniSnuli iyo, rom herodotes cnobiT fri­
gielebs adre brigebi ewodebodaT. ase rom, afsirtes
Tanmxlebi kolxebi frigielTa Soris dasaxlebulan.
frigiuli anbanis msgavseba Zvel dasavlur-berZnul
anbanTan sruliad TvalsaCinoa. swored amitomac fri­
giuli anbani dasavluri berZnulidan warmoSobilad
iTvleba.
marTalia, kolxeTis arqeologiuri masalis saSua­
lebiT, Zveli kolxuri runuli damwerlobis sistemuri
saxiT aRdgena jerjerobiT ar xerxdeba, magram dReisTvis
arsebuli mwiri masalidanac sruliad naTelia, rom
kolxuri runebi Zalian gvanan rogorc frigiul, aseve
dasavlur-berZnul anbanur niSnebs.
Tuki kolxuri runebi Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebSi iqna
gadatanili brigebis (anu frigielebis) qveyanaSi, maSin,
cxadia, arsebobs safuZveli vivaraudoT, rom SesaZloa
rogorc frigiuli, aseve dasavluri berZnuli anbanuri
sistemis safuZvlad swored misi niSnebi iyo gamoyenebuli.
kolxuri runebis msgavseba aseve TvalsaCinoa etruskul
da pirineis iberiul anbanebTanac:

_ 120 _
frigiuli kolxuri
anbani runebi

_ 121 _
arqauli berZnuli kolxuri
anbani runebi

_ 122 _
etruskuli kolxuri
anbani runebi

_ 123 _
pirineis iberiuli kolxuri
anbani runebi

_ 124 _
 rogorc vxedavT, kolxuri runuli niSnebi saocari
mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. Sedareba aCvenebs, rom
kolxuri runebis grafikuli saxeebi yvela uZvelesi
anbanebis aso-niSnebis da dasavluri runuli anbanebis
formebs TiTqmis srulad moicavs.
isic sruliad aSkaraa, rom arc erT kolxur ar­
qeologiur jgufSi ar gvxvdeba aso-niSanTa iseTi
erToblioba, romelic msoflioSi arsebul romelime
calkeul anbans Seesabamebodes. cxadia, SeuZlebelia imis
daSveba, rom romelime samarxSi arsebuli aso-niSnebi
sxvadasxva anbanebidan yofiliyo aRebuli.
TiTqmis yvela arqeologiuri jgufi Seicavs iseT
niSnebs, romlebic or nawilad iyofa _ niSanTa nawili
msgavsia berZnuli asoebis, nawili ki maTgan gansxvavebulia
da Tu sxva anbanebs SevadarebT, aRmoCndeba, rom maT
sxvadasxva anbanebSi moeZebnebaT analogebi. zogierTi
niSani arc erT anbanSi ar gvxvdeba rogorc aso.
es faqti uciloblad mianiSnebs, rom arc is
g­
amosaxulebebia berZnuli asoebi, romlebic maT gra­
fikulad hgavs. kolxur runebs yvela am anbanebisgan
damoukidebeli mniSvnelobebi aqvT da araviTar Sem­
TxvevaSi maTgan ar arian warmoSobili.
sazogadodac, anbanuri damwerlobidan runebis war­
moSobis idea Tavidanve mcdaria, miT umetes kolxuri
runebis SemTxvevaSi.
kolxuri runebis Zvel anbanebTan grafikuli saxeebis
Sedarebisas ikveTeba erTi mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba.
kolxuri runebis niSnebi TiTqmis absoluturad Seesa­
bameba yvela ganxiluli anbanis niSnebs, magram erT-erT
gamonakliss warmoadgens am anbanebis umravlesobaSi
arsebuli niSani K (an misi Sebrunebuli forma). dRe­
m­
de Seswavlil kolxur warwerebSi es niSani ar fiq­
sirdeba. savaraudod, gansaxilvel periodSi, ese igi, Zv.
welTaRricxvis VI-I saukuneebSi kolxeTSi igi arc arsebobda.

_ 125 _
 rogorc cnobilia, Zvel semitur damwerlobaSi es
niSani Zv. w. IX saukunis warwerebSi gamoCnda. mecnierebaSi
miRebulia azri, rom igi manamde ar arsebobda. es
faqti aris swored erT-erTi umTavresi argumenti, ris
mixedviTac berZnuli anbanis Seqmnis daTariReba xdeba.
`berZnuli damwerlobis uklebliv yvela jgufisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia semituri Khaph niSnis Sesatyvisi asos
igiveobrivi grafikuli forma K simbolos saxiT, rac
grafikulad zustad asaxavs Zvel semitur prototips~.81
ese igi, gamodis, rom Tu semiturSi K niSani Zv. w. IX
saukuneSi gamoCnda, xolo mis safuZvelze berZnuli
anbanis Seqmna moxda, sadac igi yvela ganStoebaSi
fiqsirdeba, maSin, cxadia, rom berZnuli anbani Zv. w. IX
saukuneze ufro adre ver Seiqmneboda.
Tu kolxuri runebis formebi safuZvlad daedo
uZveles dasavlur-semitur anbanis niSnebis grafikas, es
movlena Zv. w. XII-X saukuneebSi unda momxdariyo. swored
es aris argonavtikis momdevno periodi. imdroindeli
semituri anbanebic saocari sizustiT emTxveva kolxur
niSnebs da amave dros niSandoblivi faqtia, rom arc am
anbanebSi da arc kolxur runebSi ar arsebobs K niSani.
msgavsi SemTxvevaa `r~ bgeris Sesabamis grafikul
gamosaxulebasTan dakavSirebiTac. Zvelma berZnulma
damwerlobam igi semituri anbanidan gadaiRo da marjvnidan
marcxniv weris dros imave formiT gaimeora, xolo roca
weris mimarTuleba Seicvala, es asoc Setrialda _ P.
berZnul damwerlobaSi am formis cvlileba moxda da
daxrili xazi daemata: R. sxvadasxva berZnul warwerebSi
`r~-s sxvadasxva grafika gvxvdeba, zogan Zveli, zogan
Secvlili. igive suraTia berZnuli anbanis safuZvelze
Seqmnil sxva damwerlobebSic. R-s axalma formam iqac
daimkvidra adgili. Zvel semitur anbanebSi igi ar
arsebobda. ese igi, `r~ bgeris daxrilxaziani forma (R)
Zv. welTaRricxvis X saukunemde ar gvxvdeba.

_ 126 _
 Tu paralels kolxuri runebis grafikasTan gavatarebT,
davinaxavT, rom suraTi kvlav analogiuria, rac K-sTan
mimarTebaSi iyo. kolxeTSi gamovlenil warwerebSi arsad
ar gvxvdeba R-s gamosaxuleba. samagierod, Zalze xSiria
misi Sesabamisi Zveli forma: P, aseve misi Sebrunebuli
saxe, rac niSnavs, rom kolxuri runebis formebi ufro
Zvelia, vidre berZnuli damwerloba.
ase rom, sruliad bunebrivia hipoTeza, rom uZvelesi
anbanuri sistemis winamorbedad Zveli kolxuri runuli
damwerloba vivaraudoT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Zveli kolxeTis Sesaxeb Zalze
cota arqeologiuri masala gagvaCnia da amave dros am
masalaSic runuli niSnebi specialurad damwerlobiTi
kuTxiT jerjerobiT saTanadod ar aris Seswavlili,
SeiZleba gamovTqvaT Semdegi varaudi:
Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebSi kolxeTSi arsebobda runuli
sistema. igi imyofeboda pirvelad, anu ideogramul
safexurze. ese igi, niSnebi gamosaxavdnen calkeul
damoukidebel ideogramebs. yovel maTgans hqonda das­
rulebuli Sinaarsi. runebs hqondaT sulieri, anu ma­
giuri zemoqmedebis daniSnuleba. SesaZloa isini
na­­
wilobriv azrobriv niSnebsac warmoadgendnen. ma­ ga­
liTad, Tu romelime runa amomaval mzes gamoxatavs, es
SeiZleba gagebul iqnes rogorc sulieri simbolo, aseve
SesaZlebelia am niSniT aRmosavleTis mimarTulebac
mieniSnos. arsebuli masaliT jerjerobiT ver dgindeba,
kolxur runebs magiuri mniSvnelobis garda, hqondaT Tu
ara bgerebis gamosaxvis funqciac.
Zv. w. meore aTaswleulis bolos kolxuri runebi
vrceldeba rogorc saberZneTSi, aseve evropis konti­
nentze. swored Zv. w. pirveli aTaswleulis dasawyisSi
mcire aziis xalxebSi bgeriT-asoiTi anbanebi yalibdeba,
asoiT-niSnebs ukve calkeuli fonetikuri mniSvnelobebi
eniWeba da anbani abstraqtul saxes iRebs. amave peri­

_ 127 _
odSi kolxuri kulturis gavleniT dasavleTSi viTar­
deba runuli damwerloba, romelic Zv. w. pirveli aTas­
wleulis Sua periodSi TandaTan Sereul saxes iRebs.
kolxuri runebis grafikis analiziT savaraudoa, rom
es anbanebi swored runebis safuZvelze Seiqmna. runebi,
erTi mxriv, inarCuneben TavianT pirvandel magiur
mniSvnelobebs, xolo, meore mxriv, samxreTuli anbanebis
mibaZviT ikveTeba tendencia, rom bgerebis gamosaxvis
funqciac hqondeT. analogiuri gza gaiara egvipturma
ieroglifurma damwerlobamac, roca man ieroglifebis
paralelurad calkeuli bgerebis aRmniSvneli niSnebic
Seqmna. maTi saSualebiT ucxouri terminebi da sakuTari
saxelebi gamoisaxeboda. ase rom, dasavluri runuli
damwerloba Zv. w. I aTaswleulis meore naxevarSi daax­
loebiT am safexurze imyofeboda. imave periodis (Zv. w.
VI-IV s.) kolxur runul damwerlobebSi es tendencia ar
SeimCneva. SesaZloa, aq jer kidev runuli `damwerlobis~
Zveli, ideogramuli mniSvnelobaa SenarCunebuli. yovel
SemTxvevaSi kolxuri runebiT Sedgenili sityvebi arse­
buli nivTieri masalebis mixedviT jer Seswavlili ar aris.
calke Seswavlis sagania aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
arsebuli gamomsaxvelobiTi niSnebis da kolxuri runebis
kavSiri. didi albaTobiT, maT saerTo safuZveli aqvT.
SesaZloa, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebuli
dam­werlobis sistema swored kolxuri runebis gavleniT
Seiqmna.
Zv. w. pirvel aTaswleulSi istoriulad dasturdeba
Zveli kolxuri kulturis degradacia. aTaswleulis Sua
periodSi, marTalia, igrZnoba kulturuli gamococxleba,
magram rogorc Cans, kolxuri samyaro ar aris midrekili
imgvari racionaluri azrovnebisken, rac safuZvlad
daedo mcire aziis xalxebis mier abstraqtuli asoiT-
bgeriTi anbanebis Seqmnas. am mxriv kolxuri cnobierebis
konservatizmi aSkaraa.

_ 128 _
 runuli damwerloba samxreTis xalxSi male iRebs
asoiT-bgeriTi anbanebis saxes. runuli damwerloba
dasavleTSi ufro farTod viTardeba, magram mogvianebiT
isic avlens Cveulebrivi anbanuri damwerlobisaken
midrekilebas da TandaTan Sereul anbanur sistemad
gardaiqmneba. cnobierebis racionalizaciis Sedegad,
cxadia, runuli damwerloba konkurencias ver uwevs
anbanur sistemebs. ax. w. pirvel aTaswleulSi igi
degradacias ganicdis da ZiriTadad wyvets arsebobas,
mxolod CrdiloeTis qveynebSi agrZelebs arsebobas
Sereuli, erTgvari runul-fonetikuri niSnebis saxiT.
ax. w. meore aTaswleulis meore naxevarSi runuli
damwerloba ukve rudimentuli gadmonaSTia da bolos
saerTod qreba.
Zveli welTaRricxvis pirveli aTaswleulis bolos
kolxeTSi, da saerTod, mTel saqarTveloSi aqtiurad
vlindeba berZnuli kulturis gavlena. rogorc Cans, am
droisaTvis berZnuli enis codnasac didi praqtikuli
mniSvneloba hqonda. berZnuli anbanuri damwerlobis
nimuSebic ukve sakmaod gaxSirebulia. Zveli runuli
niSnebi aqac veRar uweven konkurencias anbanur da­
mwerlobas.
amave periodidan runuli damwerlobis niSnebi
Zveli mniSvnelobiT ukve aRar gvxvdeba da isini Tan­
daTan ornamentul gamosaxulebebSi gadainacvleben.
ornamentebSi aSkarad ikveTeba runebis is sulieri
mniSvnelobebi, romlebic qarTulma kulturam Zveli
epoqidan tradiciis saxiT miiRo. gansakuTrebiT aRsa­
niSnavia qarTul sacxovrebelSi `dedaboZze~ gamosaxuli
magiuri niSnebis mkveTri analogia Zvel runebTan.
Tanamedrove skandinaviis qveynebSi yvelaze didxans
SemorCa runuli cnobiereba. marTalia, damwerlobis
saxiT runuli anbani ukve aRar ixmareba, magram runebis
sulieri simbolika mainc did adgils ikavebs xalxur

_ 129 _
warmodgenebSi. runebis formebi skandinavielTa tra­
diciis ganuyofeli nawilia. saqarTveloSi mogza­ u­
robisas swored skandinavieli stumrebi amCneven xolme,
rom maTTvis ase kargad nacnobi runebis grafika Zalze
farTodaa warmodgenili qarTul kulturaSi. igi
gansakuTrebiT TvalnaTelia dekorsa da ornamentebSi.
a. andersenma specialuri gamokvleva miuZRvna zemo
imereTis sofel cxrukveTis taZris SesasvlelTan
gamokveTil didi zomis ornaments, romelSic man erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani runis saxe Seicno.

skandinaviuri runebidan misi Sesatyvisia runa

`odal~.
a. anderseni Seecada gamoekvlia, romel istoriul
periodSi SeiZleboda es forma skandinaviidan saqar­
TveloSi SemoetanaT. igi wminda ninos jvris formaSic
swored runuli cnobierebis gavlenas xedavs. wminda ninos
jvris formas erT-erTi mniSvnelovani skandinaviuri
runis forma Seesabameba.
vfiqrobT, araferi saeWvo ar aris imaSi, rom arc
wminda ninos jvris da arc cxrukveTis ornamentis forma
saqarTveloSi skandinaviidan ar Semosula. am formebis
warmoSobas adgilobriv kulturaSi mravalsaukunovani
fesvebi aqvs.
_ 130 _
 Tu ganvixilavT sxvadasxva xalxebis mier Zv. w. I
aTaswleulSi Seqmnil anbanebs, advili SesamCnevia, rom
kolxuri runebis gamosaxulebebi mkveTr naTesaobas
avlens swored im xalxTa anbanebTan, romlebTanac
imdroindeli kolxeTis urTierTobebi istoriul da
miTologiur wyaroebSi dasturdeba.
kolxuri runebis grafikuli niSnebis msgavseba
Zvel dasavlur berZnul anbanTan, aseve masTan axlos
myof etruskul, frigiul da pirineis iberiul anbanur
niSnebTan TvalsaCinoa.
dReisTvis kargadaa Seswavlili is Zveli werilobiTi
sistemebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo mcire aziis xalxTa
mier asoiT-bgeriTi anbanuri niSnebis Camoyalibebas.
vfiqrobT, kolxuri runuli damwerlobis niSnebic
uTuod maT Soris unda iqnes ganxiluli. kolxuri
niSnebis sistemas aqvs Tavisi gavrcelebis areali da am
arealSi misi gavlena aSkaraa.

_ 131 _
 ru ne bis gr a f ika

amjerad gvinda calke SevexoT rogorc evropuli,

aseve kolxuri runebis grafikul Taviseburebebs.
rogorc cnobilia, dedamiwis sxvadasxva regionSi
mcxovrebi xalxebis msoflmxedvelobis Camoyalibebaze
didi gavlena aqvs im geografiul garemos, romelSic
es xalxebi cxovroben. maRalmTian regionSi, udabnoSi,
an zRvispira regionSi mosaxle adamianebis cnobierebis
formireba garemo pirobebiT didadaa gansazRvruli.
aseve didi mniSvneloba aqvs klimaturi reJimis cvlilebas
wlis droTa SesabamisobaSi. magaliTad, egvipturi
kulturis kvlevisas, aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebul iqnas
is garemoeba, rom egvipteSi sruliad gansakuTrebuli
klimaturi garemoa. amindis cvlileba aq mkveTri ar
aris. mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi aq stabilurad Tbili
amindebia. yinvisa da Tovlis faqtorebi ar arsebobs.
Tovli zogan saukuneSi erTxel modis. drois sezonur
monacvleobaSi ZiriTadi movlena mdinaris wylis reJimis
cvlilebaa. sicxisgan Tavis dacvac erT-erTi seriozuli
problemaa. bunebrivia, Zalze aqtiuri mzis mimarTac
egviptels sruliad gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba
aqvs. es faqtorebi didad gansazRvraven egviptelis
msoflmxedvelobas, mis kosmogonias.
CrdiloeT evropaSi mosaxle xalxebis garemo pi­
robebi diametrulad gansxvavebulia. aq amindis sta­
biluroba sruliad uCveulo movlenaa. amindi erTi
dRis ganmavlobaSic ki ramdenjerme SeiZleba Seicvalos.
bunebaSi araferi araa stabiluri, yvelaferi mudmiv
dinamikaSia. wlis ganmavlobaSic mkveTri sezonuri
cvalebadobaa. adamianebis umTavresi problema sicivisgan

_ 132 _
Tavis dacvaa. mzisgan momdinare sinaTlesa da siTbos aq
gansakuTrebuli Rirebuleba aqvs. xangrZlivi zamTris
garemoc Tavisebur ganwyobilebas qmnis Crdiloeli
xalxebis xasiaTSi. samxreTelebTan SedarebiT Crdiloeli
adamianebi bunebaSi sruliad gansxvavebul movlenebs
Wvreten. sinaTlis aRqmac ki Zalze gansxvavebulia.
im regionebSi, sadac wvima iSviaTi movlenaa da
haeri mSralia, adamianebma ar ician ra aris, magaliTad,
cisartyela. samagierod, cxel udabnoebSi unaxavT iseTi
uCveulo movlena, rogoricaa miraJi, rac sruliad
uCveuloa rogorc Crdiloeli, aseve zomieri klimaturi
zonis adamianebisTvis. zomieri klimatis zonaSi cisar­
tyelas gamoCena Cveulebrivi movlenaa. es movlena am
adamianebis religiur cnobierebaSic mkveTrad irekleba.
Crdiloeli xalxebisTvis atmosferoSi gamovlenil
`feradovan~ movlenebs sruliad gansxvavebuli saxe aqvs.
aq haeris temperatura xSirad Zalze dabalia da amave
dros haerSi tenianobis Semcvelobac mniSvnelovania.
amis Sedegad haerSi yinulis kristalebi warmoiqmneba,
rac sinaTles cisartyelisgan gansxvavebuli saxiT
Slis. cisartyelas SemTxvevaSi haerSi wylis sferuli
wveTebia, xolo CrdiloeTSi Zalian dabali temperaturis
pirobebSi haeris kristalebs eqvskuTxa forma aqvs, rac,
faqtobrivad, yinulis prizmebs warmoadgens. Crdiloeli
xalxebi xSirad xedaven bunebis iseT saocrebebs, ro­go­
ricaa halo, mzis an mTvaris gvirgvini. kidev ufro gan­
sakuTrebuli feradovani movlenaa CrdiloeTis ci­ali.
yvela es movlena (miraJi, cisartyela, CrdiloeTis
ciali, halo, gvirgvini) bunebis namdvili saocrebebia.
bunebrivia, isini yvela epoqaSi gansakuTrebul mov­
lenebad iyo aRqmuli da religiur cnobierebaSi mniS­
vnelovan adgils ikavebda. SeiZleba gavixsenoT, rogor
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs biblia warRvnis
Semdeg cisartyelas gamoCenas.

_ 133 _
 sxva klimaturi Taviseburebebic naTlad irekleba
adamianebis cnobierebaSi. magaliTad, samxreTis xalxebSi
fizikuri tanjvis jojoxeTur formad Zlieri sicxe
war­moudgeniaT. xalxur warmodgenebSic codvili su­
le­bi jojoxeTSi swored amgvar tanjvas ganicdian.
CrdiloelTa xalxuri cnobiereba fizikuri tanjvis
ukidures formad sicives Tvlis.
analogiur movlenebTan gvaqvs saqme, rodesac esa Tu
is xalxi samyaros kosmogoniur suraTs qmnis. klimaturi
garemodan momdinare suraT-xatebi mniSvnelovan adgils
ikavebs maT msoflmxedvelobaSi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom runebi evropis teritoriaze
samxreTidan gavrcelda, skandinaviuri runebis grafikuli
saxeebi momdinareobs am xalxebis kosmogoniuri msofl­
mxedvelobidan _ maTi warmodgenebidan samyaros Seqmnisa
da misi struqturuli mTlianobis Sesaxeb.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aqauri warmodgeniT,
samyaros Semadgeneli elementebis (miwa, wyali, haeri,
cecxli) geometriuli struqtura fifqis formiTaa
gamoxatuli. am warmodgenas Zalze myari safuZveli aqvs
Crdiloeli xalxebis yoveldRiuri dakvirvebis sferoSi.
Crdiloeli adamianebi did mniSvnelobas aniWeben im
faqts, rom roca haerSi wylis gayinva xdeba, yinulis
kristalebi eqvsqimiani varskvlavis saxiT formirdebian.
cidan movlenili fifqebis formac swored aseTia. ese
igi, myari materiis Txevadidan Camoyalibebis procesi am
geometriuli figuris kanonzomierebebs eqvemdebareba.
analogiuri suraTia atmosferos feradovani movlenebis
aRqmisasac. radgan fizikurad am movlenebs Zalian dabal
temperaturaze haerSi warmoqmnili yinulis kristalebSi
sinaTlis daSla iwvevs, bunebrivia es naTebebic imave
geometriuli kanonzomierebebiT vlindebian. eqvsqimiani
varskvlavi aqac movlenis umTavres geometriul sqemas
warmoadgens.

_ 134 _
 ramdenadac runebis sulieri daniSnuleba isaa, rom
igi aramaterialuri samyaros materialur samyaroSi
gamovlinebis kanonzomierebebs unda gamosaxavdes, bu­
neb­
rivia, maTi geometriuli saxeebic swored imave
geometriul struqturas daefuZna. odinma runebi mi­
wieri sferodan amoikiTxa. isini kosmosis kanonebs ga­
mosaxaven da miwaze dayrili cxra joxiT Seqmnil formaSi
ikiTxebian.

cxadia, am geometriuli gamosaxulebis centraluri

figura e. w. fifqi, anu eqvsqimiani varskvlavia.
am formas samxreTul misteriebSic mniSvnelovani
adgili ukavia. es aris igive, rasac Zveli aRTqmis enaze
daviTis varskvlavi ewodeba.

mas qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSic xSirad vxvde­biT.

marTalia, setyvis suraT-xati saqarTveloSi sam­
yaros struqturuli mTlianobis qvakuTxedad ar qce­
ula, magram misdami gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba
aqac arsebobda. xalxuri gadmocemebis mixedviT, setyvis
yinulis marcvlebs iseTi formebi aqvT, ra sameurneo
iaraRebsac adamiani iyenebs. zogi marcvali guTans hgavs,
zogs CaquCis, zogs grdemlis forma aqvs. TiTqosda
es formebi setyvis yinulis marcvlis saxiT cidan
Camocvivda.
_ 135 _
 evropuli runebisTvis damaxasiaTebel sqemaSi eqvs­
qimiani varskvlavi isea gamosaxuli, rom masSi gamokveTili
ar aris horizontaluri mimarTuleba. centraluri
aq vertikalia. geometriuladac is vertikaluri da
daxrili xazebisgan Sedgeba.

amitomac klasikur runul grafikaSi ar gvxvdeba

horizontaluri xazebi. yvela runa vertikaluri da
daxrili xazebisgan igeba.
es Seexeba im runebs, romlebmac runul anbanur
damwerlobaSi daimkvidres adgili. maT garda igive
evropis qveynebSic arseboben runebi, romlebic
horizontalur xazebsac Seicaven.
saqarTveloSi mopovebuli arqeologiuri masalebis
mixedviT, runebis Zalze didi raodenobaa gamovlenili.
rodesac maT geometriul formebs samkaulebze, culebze,
Subebze, liTonis nakeTobebze, anda kedlebze vecnobiT,
irkveva, rom formebi sakmaod zust geometriul sqemebs
efuZneba. roca Tixis WurWelze svel mdgomareobaSi
xdeba runebis datana da amave dros WurWlis zedapirebic
xSirad ar aris brtyeli, cxadia, runebis zust
geometriul CarCoebSi moqceva Zalian Znelia.
arsebuli masalis analizi aCvenebs, rom kolxuri
runebis grafika ar iyo SezRuduli mxolod eqvsqimiani
varskvlavis geometriuli sqemiT. aq horizontalur
xazebsac mniSvnelovani adgili ukaviaT. evropuli
runebis msgavsad kolxur runebSic centraluri
RerZi vertikaluri xazia, magram danarCeni nawilebis
formirebaSi, daxrili xazebis garda, horizontaluri
elementebic monawileoben.
_ 136 _
_ 137 _
 kolxuri runebis msgavsi suraTi gvaqvs qarTuli
asomTavruli anbanis geometriul struqturaSic. aqac
centraluri vertikaluri RerZia. asoebis grafikaSi
didi adgili ukavia wriul da naxevradwriul formebs.
aseve gamokveTilia horizontaluri xazebis dominirebac.
_ 138 _
daxrili xazebi mxolod calkeul SemTxvevebSi erTvebian.
ese igi, rogorc kolxuri runebis, aseve qarTuli
asomTavruli anbanis niSnebi erTsa da imave geometriul
qargils eqvemdebarebian. orive jgufis niSnebi ZiriTadad
kvadratul sqemaSi ixazeba, sadac vertikaluri da ho­
rizontaluri xazebis garda, diagonalebicaa mocemuli.
kolxuri runebi mTlianad iTviseben am sqemas.

qarTul asomTavrul anbanSi daxrili xazebis funqcia

ufro mcirea. am xazebiT mxolod erTi aso-niSania war­
modgenili.
sxva SemTxvevebSi diagonaluri daxrili xazebi
mxolod damxmare funqcias asruleben.
ese igi, kolxuri runebis SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebulia
kvadratisa da wriuli xazebis kombinirebis meTodi, sadac
diagonalebis CaxazviT rvaqimiani varskvlavi miiReba.
skandinaviuri runebisTvis sayrden sqemad fifqis
forma, anu eqvsqimiani varskvlavi iyo mocemuli.
kolxuri runebis nawili am formaSic advilad
Tavsdeba, magram aq igi centralur formad araa ga­
moyenebuli. kolxeTSi runebis formebisadmi midgoma
ufro Tavisufali iyo da ar iyo SezRuduli erTeuli
sqemebiT.
zemoT naCvenebi orive simbolo, eqvsqimiani da
rvaqimiani varskvlavebi, Zalze gavrcelebuli iyo wina­
reqristianul religiur msoflmxedvelobebSi. mas kargad
icnobdnen rogorc aRmosavleTis, aseve dasavleTis
sasuliero wreebSi.
eqvskuTxa varskvlavi xSirad gvxvdeba egviptur
iero­glifebSic, sadac mas Zalze didi mniSvneloba
_ 139 _
eniWeba. egreT wodebuli `ormagi jvari~, anu rvaqimiani
varskvlavi jer kidev Zvel berZnul warmodgenebSi zevsis
simbolod iTvleboda. igi aseve xSirad gvxvdeba qaldeuri
da ariuli RvTaebebis gamosaxulebebSi. `ormagi jvari~
farTod iyo gavrcelebuli aRmosavleTSic. mas xSirad
gamosaxavdnen budas terfebze.82
qristianuli epoqis pirvel saukuneebSic iyo mcde­
loba aRniSnuli gamosaxulebebi qristesTan daekav­
SirebinaT. eqvsqimiani varskvlavi ganxiluli iyo rogorc
ieso qristes saxelis pirveli asoebis (I da X) SeerTeba,
xolo rvaqimiani varskvlavi _ `qristes~ pirvel asos X-is
da jvris zeddebis Sedegi.
qristianuli eris dasawyisSi aseve iyo mcdeloba,
rom uZvelesi magiuri gamosaxuleba _ svastika ase­
ve qristesTan daekavSirebinaT. adreqristianuli
katakombebis gamosaxulebebSi igi qristes simbolos saxiT
gvxvdeba.83 igive svastika budas gamosaxulebebSic xSiria.
igi budas mkerdze aRibeWdeba da budas guls ukavSirdeba,
aseve gamoisaxeba budas terfebzec. sazogadod, svastikis
Sinaarsi Zalze aqtualuria budizmSi, radgan erT-
erT aspeqtSi igi samyarouli procesebis wrebrunvasac
gamosaxavs.

_ 140 _
 o rna me nt e bi da r uneb i

adamianis mier simboluri niSnebis gamosaxvas Zalze

xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. am movlenis sawyisebis povna
SeuZlebelia, radgan is masalac ki, rac aRmoCenilia,
aseul saukuneebs iTvlis. uZvelesi simboluri gamo­
saxulebebidan mxolod isinia SemorCenili, romelTa
datanac qvebze moxda, radgan xeze, an ufro rbil
masalaze Sesrulebuli gamosaxulebebi, bunebrivia,
aseTi xangrZlivi droiT ver inaxeba.
simbolurma gamosaxulebebma am periodis manZilze
evoluciis gansazRvruli safexurebi gaiares da
funqciebis mudmivi cvlilebis miuxedavad, maTi Seqmnis
tradicia dRemde uwyvetad grZeldeba.
uZvelesi simboluri gamosaxulebebi TavianTi formiT
Zalze lakoniuria. mecnierebi Tanxmdebian im sakiTxSi,
rom isini arasodes gamosaxaven maTi Semsrulebeli
individualobis kerZo Sexedulebebsa da gancdebs. isini
ar gadmoscemen yoveldRiur, yofiT scenebs. arqauli
niSnebi ara ostatis SemoqmedebiTi naazrevi, aramed mTeli
sazogadoebis erTiani sistemuri msoflmxedvelobaa.
igi erTiani koleqtiuri cnobierebis nayofia. arqauli
niSnebis formebi ar isazRvreba teritoriuli, an
eTnikuri CarCoebiT. erTi da igive niSnebi imdenad
did teritoriaze erTi da imave saxiT vrceldeba,
rom SeiZleba isini kacobriobis erTiani simboluri
azrovnebis nimuSebad miviCnioT. arqauli simboloebiT
gadmocemuli ideebi sayovelTaoa, universaluria.
arqauli niSnebi totemuri xasiaTisaa. maTSi Warbobs
ganwyobileba, rom gamosaxulebas damoukidebeli magiuri
Zala gaaCndes. maTi Seqmnis mizani am Zalis gamoyenebaa.

_ 141 _
 Zv. welTaRricxvis V-III aTaswleulebSi, adremiwaT­
moqmedebis kulturis periodSi, gamosaxulebebis xasiaTi
SesamCnevad icvleba. Cndeba zoomorfuli motivebi.
bevri mecnieri fiqrobs, rom zoomorfuli mxatvroba
aRniSnuli periodis kulturaSi ar warmoadgens pale­
oliTuri mxatvrobis uSualo gagrZelebas. maT Soris
mravalaTaswliani droiTi wyvetilia.84 cxovelTa gamo­
saxulebebi keramikaze am dargis ganviTarebis dasaw­
yisSi ar iyo. moxatuli keramikis dekoris uZvelesi
nimuSebi geometriuli simboloebiTaa gamosaxuli.
mxolod mogvianebiT Cndeba cxovelTa stilizebuli
gamosaxulebebi. Semdeg zoomorfulma motivebma gabato­
nebuli adgili daikava da keramikul dekorSi sayovelTao
movlenad iqca.
Zveli geometriuli simbolikis msgavsad, zoomorful
gamosaxulebebsac magiur-religiuri mniSvneloba hqon­
daT. es iyo imdroindeli xalxebis kosmogoniis gamosaxvis
erT-erTi saSualebac. bevr mecniers zoomorfuli
gamosaxulebebi SemdgomSi ganviTarebuli piqtografiuli
damwerlobis safuZvlad miaCnia.
cxovelTa stilizebuli, xazovani gamosaxva, cxadia,
ukve ganviTarebuli abstraqtuli azrovnebis garkveuli
safexuria. cxovelebi ixateba ara naturaluri saxiT,
aramed simboluri gamosaxulebebiT. zoomorfulma sim­
bolikam adamianisgan sakuTari kosmogoniis gadmocemis
saSualebebi mniSvnelovnad gaamdidra.
miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTarebasTan erTad adamiani
ufro metad gamoeyo bunebas da Tavad iqca Semoqmed
arsebad. Zvelad, totemizmis epoqaSi, adamiani ufro
metad iyo Serwymuli bunebasTan. Semgrovebloba da
monadireoba mas Zalze aaxlovebda amave bunebis sxva
binadrebTan. mcenareTa, cxovelTa da adamianTa samyaro
bunebis erT mTlian, harmoniul erTobas qmnida. adamiani
TandaTan gamoeyo am mTlianobas. adamiani bunebis aRqmas

_ 142 _
sakuTari Tavis dapirispirebulad iwyebs. am procesSi
mkveTrad viTardeba Semecnebis unaric.
adamianis mier Seqmnili gamosaxulebebic am procesis
naTeli gamoxatulebaa. calkeuli magiuri simboloebi
TandaTan erTian kompoziciebad gardaiqmnebian. Cndeba
ornamentuli elementebis ritmuli monacvleoba. ga­
ba­
tonebul adgils ikavebs mbrunavi kompoziciebi,
romlebic ukve aSkarad samyaros fizikuri saxis gaaz­
rebaze mianiSnebs. Cndeba erTgvari ekvivalenturi
simboloebi. miwieri samyarosa da zeciuris kavSiri
zogjer Tu kosmosuri xis simboloTi gamoisaxeba,
garkveul konteqstSi am kavSirs jixvis, an irmis rqebi
gamosaxavs. miwaTmoqmedi xalxis religiur cnobierebaSi
wamyvan adgils ikavebs nayofierebis qalRmerTis kulti.
mis gverdiT Cndeba Sesabamisi atributebi da maTi
simboluri gamosaxulebebi. nayofierebis qalRmerTis
gverdiT vxedavT cxovelTa sakralur gamosaxulebebs _
axal simboloebs. ramdenadac miwaTmoqmedis moRvaweoba
didad xdeba damokidebuli bunebis movlenebze _ wvimaze,
setyvaze, gvalvaze, qarze, Weqa-quxilze, Cndeba am
movlenebis Sesabamisi sulieri arsebebis Tayvaniscemis
ganwyobilebac. es movlena simbolur gamosaxulebebSic
hpovebs asaxvas.
miwaTmoqmedi adamianisTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvne­
lobas iZens ciuri sxeulebis moZraobis kanonzomierebebi.
ornamentebSi Cndeba mzis da mTvaris motivebi, maTi
cikluri moZraobis amsaxveli gamosaxulebebi.
cxadia, arc uZvelesi adamianis sulieri mzera iyo
mowyvetili zeciur samyaros, magram evoluciis am
etapze ukve adamianis misgan gamoyofa da misi fizikuri
aspeqtebis gamosaxvis tendencia ikveTeba. evoluciis
Semdgom etapze azrovneba kidev ufro abstraqtuli xdeba.
magaliTad, Tu nayofierebis deda-RvTaebis gamosaxva
mravali miwieri atributiT xdeboda, Semdgom ukve Cndeba

_ 143 _
misi Sesabamisi varskvlavuri Zalebis simboluri saxeebi
_ xdeba religiur warmodgenaTa astralizacia _ ciskris
varskvlavis, veneras simboluri gamosaxuleba imave
RvTaebis Sesabamisi xdeba. ornamentebze ciuri sxeulebis
gamosaxulebebi rTul kompoziciebSi erTiandeba.
ornamentikis evolucia ar warmoadgens adamianis
cnobierebis ganyenebul saxes. igi ganuyofelia miTosuri
cnobierebisa da enis fenomenisagan. evoluciis procesi
erTgvarovnad aisaxeba yvela xalxis miTosSi, enaSi da
gamomsaxvelobiT xelovnebaSi.
ornamentis ganviTarebis istoria saqarTveloSi
zogadad evraziis vrcel teritoriaze ganviTarebuli
istoriis organuli nawilia. gamomsaxvelobiTi kul­
tura saqarTveloSic evoluciis imave gzas gadis.
adresamiwaTmoqmedo periodSi ukve Camoyalibebulia
kosmogoniuri warmodgenebis simbolur saxeebSi ga­
mosaxvis tradicia. uZveles gamosaxulebebSi zoomor­
fuli simbolikis gaaqtiurebac imave periodSi xdeba.
kavkasiis brinjaos Zeglebze uxvad vxvdebiT jixvisa da
irmis gamosaxulebebs.
Zveli welTaRricxvis pirveli aTaswleulis Sua xa­
nebidan ukve iqmneba rTuli miTologiuri siuJetebi.
gamosaxulebis kompozicia rTuldeba, mravalferovani
xdeba. gamosaxuli cxovelebisa da frinvelebis saxeobebi
mravldeba, geometriuli figurebic ganmeorebadi,
cikluri saxiTaa warmodgenili.
ornaments evoluciis procesi arc Semdgom periodSi
Seuwyvetia. saqarTveloSi qristianuli kulturis gavr­
celebis Semdeg am kulturis msoflmxedvelobac saocari
sisavsiT aisaxa. warmarTuli da qristianuli motivebi
organulad Seerwya erTmaneTs.
sazogadod, uZvelesma grafikulma niSnebma droSi
saocari mdgradobis unari gamoavlina. Zveli da axali
religiuri Sexedulebebis mkveTri dapirispirebis miu­

_ 144 _
xedavad, maTi grafikuli saxeebi ar gamqrala ornamentis
tradiciuli qsovilidan.
gamosaxulebis igiveobis pirobebSic ki evoluciis
procesSi simboloTa mniSvnelobebi sxvadasxva intensi­
vobiT aRiqmebian.
arqauli simboloebi, kompoziciuri simartivis
miuxedavad, ufro datvirTulia sulieri SinaarsiT. maTi
zemoqmedebis Zalac ufro metia.
mogvianebiT, roca miTologiur-kosmogoniuri sis­
temebi yalibdeba, simboluri niSnebi da siuJetebi ufro
mravalferovani xdeba, magram calkeul niSanTa magiuri
zemoqmedeba mcirdeba. aqcenti kompoziciaze gadadis.
Sinaarsi metad exeba bunebisa da kosmosis garegnul
movlenebs.
kidev ufro mogvianebiT, sazogadoebis cnobierebis
racionalizaciis Sedegad, TandaTan mcirdeba simbo­
loSi gamosaxuli ideis Rirebuleba, maTi magiuri mni­
Svneloba knindeba. simboloebiT gamosaxuli ideebi
naklebad aqtualuri xdeba sazogadoebisaTvis, simbolo
Sinaarsisgan icleba, magram amave dros igi metad
itvirTeba esTetikuri RirebulebiT. aqcenti mxatvrul
gamosaxulebaze gadadis.
esTetikuri Rirebulebis gaaqtiurebis Sedegad,
in­
tensiurad ixveweba kompoziciebis qsovili, maTSi
aqtiurad iWreba ostatTa SemoqmedebiTi fantazia.
naxatebSi TandaTan rTuldeba ZiriTadi simboluri niS­
nebis gamoyofa, radgan isini xSirad Zalze stilizebulia.
bevri mecnieri aRniSnavs, rom radgan am niSnebma
amdeni xnis manZilze SeinarCunes saxe, Tundac sti­
lizebuli saxiT, es unda metyvelebdes maTi Tavdapirveli
Sinaarsebis maRal sulier Rirebulebaze. esTetikuri
mxaris gaZlierebis miuxedavad, maT mainc SeinarCunes
arqauli mniSvnelobebi, Tumca maTi aRqma ufro qve­
cnobieri sferodan xdeba.

_ 145 _
 Tanamedrove sazogadoebisTvis ornamentSi Caqso­
vili Zveli magiuri niSnebi ZiriTadad esTetikuri Tval­
sazrisiTaa misaRebi da maTi magiuri mniSvneloba aRar
aris aqtualuri, magram rogorc movlena, garkveul
safexurze, is mainc arsebobs.
arqauli simboloebis ornamentis qsovilSi CarTva
axal epoqaSi ufro tradicias eyrdnoba, vidre reli­
giur msoflmxedvelobas, magram maTi gamosaxulebis
mravalsaukunovani mdgradobis erT-erTi mizezi maTi
realuri sulieri mniSvnelobebis zemoqmedebis unaricaa.
qarTul gamomsaxvelobiT kulturaSi Zvelma magi­
urma niSnebma bevri sfero moicves. isini gvxvdeba
uZveles sayofacxovrebo nivTebze, keramikaze, samkau­
lebze, sartylebze, kedlis mxatvrobaze. TavianT
gamomsaxvelobiT srulyofas maT iseT garemoSi miaRwies,
sadac adamians yvelaze metad uwevda Tavisi yoveldRiuri
religiur-msoflmxedvelobrivi mrwamsis demonstrireba.
erT-erTi maTgani aris misi sacxovreblis umTavresi
elementi _ dedaboZi.
xis masalidan gamomdinare, dedaboZis uZvelesi
nimuSebi SemorCenili ar aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom
dReisTvis SemorCenili informacia dedaboZis Sesaxeb
mxolod ramdenime saukuniT ifargleba, maTze gamosaxuli
simboluri niSnebi Zalze Soreuli warsulis nimuSebTan
avlens identurobas. dedaboZma Zalze didxans da
myarad Semoinaxa uZvelesi religiur-fsiqologiuri
ganwyobileba. masSi Zalze Zveli gamomsaxvelobiTi
tradiciaa daculi.
bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva:
Tu uZvelesi sulieri niSnebis evolucias aseTi
sayovelTao istoriuli procesi Seesabameba, maSin, ra
adgili ukavia am evoluciaSi runebis warmoSobisa da
gauCinarebis istorias?
runebi da maRalmxatvruli ornamentebi erTi da imave

_ 146 _
kulturuli nakadis ori ganStoebaa. arqauli epoqis
magiuri niSan-simboloebis saxiT maT saerTo safuZveli
aqvT.
Zveli welTaRricxvis II aTaswleulSi, roca samiwaT­
moqmedo kulturis ganviTarebasTan erTad adamianebis
cnobiereba sul ufro metad gaxda racionaluri
azrovnebisken midrekili, Camoyalibda axali kosmogo­
niuri msoflmxedveloba _ adamianma axleburad da­
iwyo miwieri garemos aRqma, aseve cnobierebis doneze
SeZlo amqveyniuri bunebis movlenebi zeciuri samyaros
astrologiur movlenebTan daekavSirebina. Zvelma
magiurma niSnebma axleburi Sinaarsebi SeiZina. rogorc
aRvniSneT, am niSnebisgan ukve mravalwevrovani kom­
poziciebi Camoyalibda da rTuli ornamentis saxe
miiRo. meore mxriv, imave kulturaSi gaCnda aseve
racionaluri Wvretis Sedegebis axleburi gamosaxvis
tendencia _ miwieri samyaros struqturaSi da Tavad
adamianis Sinagani bunebis TaviseburebebSi zeciuri
anabeWdis Sesabamisobis Ziebis mcdeloba. es amocana
mravalsaukunovani gamocdilebis safuZvelze gadawyda.
adamianis calkeul unarebs magiuri gamosaxulebis
Sesabamisi formebi daukavSirda.
erTi mxriv, es iyo magiur niSan-simboloTa Zveli
sulieri ganwyobilebis SenarCuneba da, meore mxriv,
am Zveli sibrZnis axal racionalur cnobierebasTan
sinTezis Sedegi.
rogorc Cans, pirvelad amgvari runuli cnobierebis
Camoyalibeba kolxeTSi moxda. Zveli welTaRricxvis
II aTaswleulis bolos kolxuri runebi ukve samxreT
evropis teritoriaze gavrcelda.
kolxuri runebis Camoyalibebis process erTgvari
naTesauri kavSiri hqonda egvipturi ieroglifebis
Camoyalibebis analogiur procesTan. ieroglifuri
damwerloba, marTalia, Tavisi arsiT gansxvavdeba runuli

_ 147 _
kulturisagan, magram Camoyalibebis tendenciebis Tval­
sazrisiT isini mkveTrad emsgavsebian erTmaneTs.
istoriuli ganviTarebis Semdgomi safexurebi cnobi­
erebis ufro meti racionalizmiT xasiaTdeba. azrovneba
kidev ufro abstraqtuli gaxda, ramac Sedegad gamom­
saxvelobis sruliad axali formis _ anbanuri damwerlobis
Seqmna gaxada SesaZlebeli. rogorc ieroglifuri,
aseve runuli damwerloba anbanuri damwerlobis wina
safexurebia.

_ 148 _
 r u n eb i s na ST e bi Ta na me drove epoqaSi

rogorc aRvniSneT, runebis epoqa Soreul warsulSia

Cakarguli. runebis `oqros xanad~ SeiZleba vigulisxmoT
Zv. w. III-II aTaswleulebi. im periodSi runebi mZlavri
magiuri zemoqmedebis saSualeba iyo. maTi saSualebiT
xdeboda momavlis winaswarmetyvelebac.
Zv. w. I aTaswleulSi, gansakuTrebiT mis meore na­
xevarSi, runebis Zveli magiuri mniSvnelobebi Semcirda.
samagierod, man SeiTvisa bgeriTi anbanis funqciebi. igi
ukve damwerlobis saSualebad iqca.
runebis sulieri mniSvnelobebis degradacias da
masSi anbanuri funqciebis gaZlierebas bunebrivad mohyva
misi arsebobis aucileblobis gauqmeba. man dakarga Zveli
funqciebi, xolo damwerlobiTi funqciebiT saTanado
konkurencia veRar gauwia `klasikur~ anbanebs, romlebic
specialurad bgerebis aRsaniSnavad iyvnen Seqmnili da
am mxriv gacilebiT srulyofili saxe hqondaT, vidre
damwerlobad gardaqmnil runul sistemebs.
ax. w. I aTaswleulis bolos bevr qveyanaSi runulma
damwerlobam arseboba Sewyvita. man garkveuli magiuri
funqciebiT gaagrZela `sicocxle~ sxvadasxva ezoterul
simboloebSi.
Tanamedrove epoqaSi runebis gamoyenebiTi sfero
kidev ufro degradirebulia. runebis Zveli `didebidan~
Zalze fermkrTali Crdilebia SemorCenili.
dReisTvis xSirad vxvdebiT runebis gamoyenebas
mkiTxaobis mizniT. cxadia, mkiTxaobis es forma Zalze
Sorsaa misi Zveli analogiuri funqciisgan. XX saukuneSi
erTgvari reanimacia moxda runebis magiis sferoSic. es
sferoc cxadia Zalze degradirebulia, Tumca rogorc
realoba, misi uaryofa ar SeiZleba.
_ 149 _
 runuli magia kacobriobis evoluciis procesSi
Soreuli warsulia. Tanamedrove epoqaSi misi gamoyeneba
ukve veRar pasuxobs Tanamedrove adamianis cnobierebis
moTxovnebs.
Zveli kolxeTis epoqaSi runuli magia marTlzomieri
movlena iyo. igi sulier samyarosTan urTierTobis
garkveul formas warmoadgenda da yoveldRiur cxov­
rebaSic farTod gamoiyeneboda.
argonavtikis epoqaSi, berZeni avtorebis uwyebiT,
cnobierebis es forma mxolod Zveli kulturebisTvis
iyo damaxasiaTebeli da racionaluri azrovnebisken
midrekili berZnuli samyarosaTvis igi ucnobi iyo.
argonavtikis teqstebidan aSkarad ikveTeba, rom medeas
magiis unari sruliad ucxoa berZnuli cnobierebisTvis.
berZnebisTvis kolxebi namdvili jadoqrebi iyvnen.
kolxuri runebic swored am magiis nawilia. runebis,
da maT Soris kolxuri runebis magiuri mniSvnelobebis
garkveva SesaZloa praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT aRarc
aris aqtualuri, magram misi raRac saxiT restavracias
garkveuli istoriuli faqtis mniSvneloba SeiZleba
mieniWos.
ramdenadac runuli magia Zalze degradirebuli
for­ miTaa SemorCenili, cxadia, misi Zveli formis res­
tavracia srulyofili saxiT SeuZlebelia.
runebis saSualebiT xdeboda zemoqmedeba rogorc
sakuTar Tavze, aseve arsebul garemoze. runebis
gamosaxva xdeboda xis, Tixis, metalis, an qvis sibrtyeze.
Zvelad runebs gamosaxavdnen saxlis karze, kedelze.
ufro gavrcelebuli iyo runebis amokveTa, an saRebaviT
daxatva. misi gamosaxva zogjer pirdapir miwis zedapirze
xdeboda, dasaSvebi iyo maTi xis qerqze amoWrac.
runebs garkveuli Zala maSinac ki hqoniaT, roca isini
xeliT haerSi gamoisaxeboda — pirjvris gadaweris
msgavsad. iTvleba, rom amokveTil, an daxatul runebs

_ 150 _
ufro xangrZlivi moqmedebis Zala aqvs, vidre haerSi
warmosaxviT gamosaxul runebs.
gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebuli iyo runebis gamosaxva
samkaulebze. am SemTxvevaSi runebi amuletebis da Ti­
lismebis rols asrulebdnen. isini adamians boroti
Zalebisagan icavdnen, raime unars uZlierebdnen.
runebs aseve farTo gamoyenebis sfero gaaCndaT
samedicino sferoSic. isini an Tavad moqmedebdnen gama­
jansaReblad, anda xSirad aZlierebdnen sxva samkurnalo
saSualebebis moqmedebas.
sazogadod, sulieri niSnebis gamosaxva yvela Ta­
namedrove religiaSi miRebuli formaa. sulieri niSnebi
da simboloebi farTodaa gamoyenebuli qristianobaSic. aq
ZiriTadad aqcenti jvris sxvadasxva gamosaxulebaze keTde­
ba. jvars Zvel runul niSnebSic mniSvnelovani adgili ekava.
vizualuri gamosaxulebebis garda garkveuli mniS­
v­neloba eniWeboda runebis saxelebis warmoTqmasac. igi
kidev ufro aZlierebda runebis moqmedebis Zalas.
dReisTvis runebis Zvel saxelebTan dakavSirebiT
garkveuli azrTa sxvaobaa, Tumca amjerad maT dazustebas
miznad ar visaxavT.
evropuli runebis zemoT warmodgenili mniSvnelobebi
ZiriTadad ukanaskneli periodis runologebis gamokvle­
vebidan momdinareobs. uZveles epoqaSi, cxadia, runebis
sulieri mniSvnelobebic da maTi gamoyenebis arealic
gacilebiT farTo iyo. runebis Sesaxeb msjeloba
dReisTvis mxolod im naSTebis mixedviT xerxdeba, rac
istoriam uZvelesi droidan Semogvinaxa.
evropuli runebis kvlevebs ukve saukunovani istoria
aqvs. kolxuri runebis kvlevis procesi ki jer mxolod
sawyis stadiazea.
bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: ra kavSiri arsebobs
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi aRmoCenil ucnob
niSnebsa da kolxur runebs Soris?

_ 151 _
 aRmosavleT saqarTvelos niSnebi gamomsaxvelobiTi
TvalsazrisiT Zalze mravalferovania. maTi nawili
xatovania _ gamosaxulia adamianebis, cxenebis, sxvadasxva
cxovelebis figurebi. xSiria xatovani damwerlobisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli stilizebuli formebi mzis, mTvaris,
sxvadasxa mnaTobebis, mTebis saxiT. Zalze xSiria adamianis
xelis mtevnis sxvadasxva formiT warmodgena.
mravalferovania niSnebis is jgufic, romelic xa­
zovani saxiTaa warmodgenili. maT ZiriTadad abstraqtuli
geometriuli formebi aqvT.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos niSnebi umTavresad daj­
gufebuli saxiTaa mocemuli. zogjer erT kompoziciaSi
ocze meti niSania. es niSnebi zogjer sibrtyezea
ganlagebuli, zogjer ki horizontaluri mwkrivis saxiTaa
Cawerili. niSnebis amgvari ganlagebebi bunebrivad badebs
varauds, rom igi wakiTxvas eqvemdebareba da garkveul
informacias gadmoscems.
iseTi SemTxvevebic arsebobs, roca qvaze mxolod
erTi geometriuli niSania gamosaxuli, magram aseT
SemTxvevebs masobrivi xasiaTi ara aqvs.
kolxuri gamosaxulebebis SemTxvevaSi rogorc wesi,
swored amgvar gamomsaxvelobiT formasTan gvaqvs saqme.
aq niSnebi xazovania da calkeuli simboloebis saxiT
gamoisaxebian. maTi dajgufebis SemTxvevebi dReisTvis
cnobil masalebSi mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi
gvxvdeba.
rac Seexeba kolxuri niSnebisa da aRmosavleT saqar­
Tvelos mTianeTSi aRmoCenil xazovan niSnebs Soris
grafikul msgavsebas, igi sruliad aSkaraa. bevri niSani
sruliad identuria.
rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, eqvskuTxa figura _ heqsagrama
da masTan dakavSirebuli eqvsqimiani varskvlavi sam­
xreTul sulier warmodgenebSic mniSvnelovan adgils
ikavebs, magram aq aseve Zalze aqtualuria rvaqimiani

_ 152 _
varskvlavi, anu misi safuZveli _ kvadratSi Caxazuli
swori da Semobrunebuli (diagonaluri) jvari.
rvaqimiani varskvlavi simbolurad ciur mnaTobebs
gamosaxavs. misiT samxreTul kulturebSi xSirad gamo­
isaxeboda mze, zogjer sxva varskvlavebic. ese igi, es
simbolo ufro metad kosmosur warmodgenebze iyo
orientirebuli. amgvari mniSvnelobiT igi xSirad gvxvde­
ba Zveli xalxebis ieroglifur damwerlobaSic.
rogorc irkveva, qarTuli asomTavruli anbanic da
kolxuri runebic swored am geometriul safuZvelzea
agebuli.
Tu am TvalsazrisiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTi­
aneTSi aRmoCenil niSnebs ganvixilavT, SevamCnevT, rom
aqac igive kanonzomierebaa mocemuli. am niSnebis is
nawili, romelsac xazovani saxe aqvT, umTavresad swored
kolxuri runebisa da asomTavruli anbanis erTian
safuZvelzea agebuli.
amgvari msgavseba bunebrivad badebs varauds odesRac
saqarTvelos teritoriaze erTiani gamomsaxvelobiTi
niSnebis arsebobis Sesaxeb. am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia,
kolxuri runebi am sistemis erT-erT ganStoebas
warmoadgens.
jer dadgenili ar aris, ra saxis damwerlobaa aR­
mosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi aRmoCenili niS­
nebi. SesaZloa, is ieroglifur-ideogramulia, Se­ sa­
Z­
loa, marcvlovan wakiTxvasac eqvemdebareba. yve­ la
SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia, rom ieroglifur-ide­ o­
gramuli ganviTarebis safexurze runuli sistema calke
ganStoebis saxiT gamoyofiliyo. savaraudod, amgvari
saxiT is kolxeTSi ganviTarda, xolo aRmosavleT sa­
qarTveloSi ideogramuli saxe miiRo, an marcvlovani
wakiTxvis funqciebi SeiZina.

_ 153 _
 Se niSv ne bi

1.
T. burWulaZe, azrovnebis evoluciis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi,
1996, gv. 69
2. r. Staineri, idumalTmetyvelebis narkvevebi, Tbilisi, 2003,
gv. 232
3. o. lorTqifaniZe, evmelos korinTelis cnobis interpreta­
ciisaTvis, kavkasiur-axloaRmosavluri krebuli, Tbilisi,
2001, gv. 224
4. herodote, istoria, II, 103-105
5. T. yauxCiSvili, hipokrates cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb,
Tbilisi, 1965, gv. 19
6. T. yauxCiSvili, berZeni mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb, III, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 54
7. apolonios rodoseli, argonavtika, Tbilisi, 1975 w. gv. 163
8. Страбон, География, Ленингpад, 1964, с. 473
9. apolonios rodoseli, argonavtika, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 163
10. igive, gv. 164
11. igive, gv. 169
12. igive, gv. 170
13. igive, gv. 213
14. Р. Штайнер, Наука посвящения и познание звезд, 10. IX. 1923.
Дорнах, 1964
15. igive
16. apolonios rodaseli, argonavtika, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 162
17. Г. Лордкипанидзе, К истории древней Колхиды, Тбилиси, 1970, ст. 123

_ 154 _
18. Гвидо фон Лист, Тайна рун, Москва, 2001, стр. 138
19. zviad gamsaxurdia, vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba, Tbili­
si, 1991, gv. 242-243
20. Paus, III, 19, 7, 8
21. Г. Лордкипанидзе, К истории древней Колхиды, Тбилиси, 1970, ст. 112-113
22. a. gelovani, miTologiuri leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1983, gv. 359
23. Tacitus, Germania, II
24. Гвидо Фон Лист, Тайна рун, Москва, 2001, ст. 16
25. a. gelovani, miTologiuri leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1983, gv. 48
26. Р. Штайнер, Истории Мистерий и импульс Рождеста, 5.I.1918, Дор-
нах 1966
27. История письма, фрагменты из книги И. Фридриха “Египет и
Ближний Восток”, ЭКСМО, Москва, 2002, стр. 367
28. igive, gv. 368
29. Tacitus, Germania, 10
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