Disertacia Maia Danelia

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti
klasikuri filologia da siZveleTmcodneoba
maia danelia
kavkasiuri Tematika da kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebi

valerius flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~
filologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis

mosapoveblad warmodgenili
d i s e r t a c i a
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: sruli profesori rismag gordeziani
Tbilisi
2011
sarCevi
Sesavali___________________________________________________________4
I. tradicia da novatoroba_________________________________________12
1. flakusi da misi winamorbedebi____________________________________15
2. flakusi da apolonios rodoseli_________________________________23
3 axali koncefcia – iupiteris samyaros gegma ______________________ 48
4. epizodTa ganvrcobis zogierTi aspeqti_____________________________54
4.1 iasonis mSoblebis sikvdili____________________________________-54
4.2. hesiones ganTavisufleba_______________________________________-60
4.3. herkulesis mier promeTes ganTavisufleba_______________________-64
II. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli epizodebis ganvrcoba_________________-69
1. skviTebisa da kolxebis omi_______________________________________94
2. omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi pasaJis
interpretaciisaTvis ______________________________________________105
2.1 gesanderi da iazigebis adaTi___________________________________106
2.2. ariasmenusis danawevreba_______________________________________112
2.3. stirusis sikvdili____________________________________________115
3. kolxebis warmomavloba cunabula gentis Colchidos_______________________-117

4. konfliqtSi monawile tomebi ____________________________________122
4.1. Crd. SavizRvispireTis tomebi _________________________________-124
4.2. sxvadasxva warmomavlobis Crdilo da das. SavizRvispireTis
tomebi _________________________________________________________128
4.3. Crd. kavkasieli tomebi________________________________________-132
4.4. kaspiispireTis tomebi_________________________________________-135
4.5. aRmosavluri warmomavlobis tomebi ____________________________136
4.6. flakusis mier gamogonili tomebi______________________________139
III. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis klasifikacia____________141
1. miTologiur tradiciaSi cnobili personaJebi______________________141
1.1. aqtiurad moqmedi figurebi_____________________________________142
1.2. epizodurad moqmedi personaJebi _______________________________162
1.3. naklebad aqtiuri figurebi_________________________________-___166
2. naklebad cnobili personaJebi ___________________________________167
3. miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis ucnobi personaJebi __________________173
3.1. statistebi __________________________________________________-181
3.2. elementarulad eqsponirebuli personaJebi______________________-184
3.3. meorexarisxovani personaJebi___________________________________194
IV. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxeldebis
principebi_________________________________________________________198
1. lemnoseli personaJebis saxelebi__________________________________-198
2. kizikieli personaJebis saxelebi___________________________________199
3. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxelebi___________________-202
3.1. e. w. metyveli saxelebi_________________________________________-203
3.2. antikur avtorebTan dadasturebuli saxelebi____________________-207
3.3. antikuri samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebuli
elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi__________________________213
3.4. Trakiuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT
Seqmnili saxelebi________________________________________________-214
3.5. skviTuri da Crd. SavizRvispireTis onomastikuri
elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi__________________________-215
3.6. winaaziuri onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT
3.7. sparsuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT
3.8. egvipturi onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT
3.9. induri onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT
3.10. frigiuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT
Seqmnili saxelebi_________________________________________________223
3.11. parTuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT
3.12. kavkasiur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli saxelebi__________________-224
daskvna __________________________________________________________-230
gamoyenebuli literatura________________________________________-234
danarTi__________________________________________________________244
Sesavali
antikur miTebsa da legendebs Soris Tavisi popularobiT da

mxatvruli damuSavebis intensivobiT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia argo-
navtebis cikli. mraval nawarmoebs Soris, romelic am ciklis lite-
raturul interpretacias eZRvneba, antikurobaSi Tavisi mniSvnelovani
adgili uWiravs valerius flakusis àrgonavtikas~.1 marTalia, antikur
samyaroSi ar dasturdeba am poemis didi popularoba, mas mxolod
erTgzis moixseniebs kvintilianusi2 (daaxl. ax. w. 95 w.), magram poemam aS-
karad Tavisi kvali datova evropuli literaturis istoriaSi.
valerius flakusTan dakavSirebuli mravali sakiTxi iwvevs dRes
davas mecnierebaSi. Cven SegviZlia darwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom igi garda-
icvala ax. w. 96 wlamde,3 ekuTvnoda senatorTa wodebas da Sedioda
qurumTa kolegiaSi quindecimvir sacris faciundis4. kolegiis sxva danarCen wev-
rebTan erTad, romlebic apolonis msaxuri qurumebi iyvnen, mas
evaleboda sibilanuri wignebis dacva da ganmarteba; aseve am wignebSi
aRnusxuli sxvadasxva sakulto ritualebze da ucxour kultebze zeda-
mxedveloba. poemaSi SesaZloa gamovavlinoT ramdenime qronologiuri
orientiri: ierusalimis aReba ax. w. 70 wels jer kidev vespasianusis
dros, aseve aRsaniSnavia miniSneba vezuviusis amofrqvevaze, rac 79 w-is
24 agvistos moxda (Val. Flacc. 4. 507-9, Sdr. 3. 208-9).
poema, romlis prototipi aSkarad apolonios rodoselis àrgo-
navtika~ unda iyos, moicavs rva simReras, Tumca merve wigni Cvenamde moR-
weulia arasruli saxiT. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mecnierebi or
Tvalsazriss gamoTqvamen: an gangeb ar daasrula flakusma poema an ver
moaswro misi dasruleba.5
1 M. von Albrecht, Geschichte der römischen Literatur, München 19942, 738-747; M. Fuhrmann, Geschichte
der römischen Literatur, Stuttgart 1999, 308-310.
2 kvintilianusi aRniSnavs: àxlaxan didi danaklisi ganicades valerius flakusis
gardacvalebis gamo~ (Quint. 10, 1, 90).
3 vinaidan kvintilianusi kesius basusis (Caesius Bassus) gardacvalebis Sesaxebac
ambobs, rom es àxlaxan moxda~, Tumca igi ax. w. 79 w. gardaicvala, mkvlevarTa
varaudiT, nakleb damajerebelia, rom flakusis sikvdili 90-ian wlebs ukavSirdebodes.
4 `TxuTmetTa kolegiis wevri, romelic wminda ritualebs asrulebs~: es varaudi
efuZneba poemaSi mocemul informacias: Phoebe, mone, si Cumaeae mihi conscia vatis / stat casta
cortina domo, si laurea digna / fronte viret (1. 5-7).
5 am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT vimsjelebT Cveni naSromis pirvel TavSi: tradicia da
novatoroba.
5
mokled poemis struqtura da Sinaarsi amgvaria:
wigni I: poemis dasawyisSi flakusi Semweobas sTxovs apolons.
moTxrobilia friqsusisa da heles ambavi. peliasi iasons kolxididan
sawmisis Camotanas avalebs. minervas SemweobiT ageben argos. iuno ixmobs
gamorCeul vaJkacebs salaSqrod. pirveli Mmas herkulesi exmaureba, rac
qalRmerTis ukmayofilebas iwvevs. iasoni daiTanxmebs peliasis Zes
akastuss, monawileoba miiRos laSqrobaSi. gamosamSvidobebel Rames or-
fevsi mReris friqsusisa da heles Sesaxeb. iasoni emSvidobeba mSoblebs.
qariSxals amSvidebs neptunusi da argonavtebi toveben iolkoss.
wigni II: mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi curvis Semdeg argo miaRwevs
kunZul lemnoss. argonavtebs umaspinZleben lemnoseli qalebi, romel-
Tac TavianTi qmrebi dauxocavT. miniebi manamde rCebian kunZulze, vidre
herkulesi gzis gagrZelebisken ar mouwodebs maT. troasTan herkulesi
aTavisuflebs hesiones. gzaSi argonavtebs hele gamoecxadebaT. male
isini moxvdebian mefe kizikusTan.
wigni III: kizikusis kunZulidan gamgzavrebis Semdeg atexili
qariSxlis gamo argonavtebi, ise rom arc uwyian, isev mis samefoSi
gairiyebian. dolionebsa da argonavtebs Soris RamiT saSineli brZola
imarTeba. sisxlismRvreli Setakebis dros iRupeba mefe kizikusi. mis
samefos miniebi mxolod mogvianebiT cnoben. glovoben daRupulebs,
micvalebulebs marxaven da ganwmendis ritualebs aRasruleben.
dakarguli Tanamgzavris, hilasis saZebnelad wasul herkuless
argonavtebi napirze toveben.
wigni IV: wylis nimfas mier motacebuli hilasis naxva herkuless
amSvidebs. igi axal davalebas iRebs: unda gaaTavisuflos promeTe.
orfevsi umReris argonavtebs. Semdeg isini bebrikebis qveyanaSi mox-
vdebian. poluqsi maT mefes, amikuss krivSi amarcxebs. moTxrobilia ios
Sesaxeb, riTac ganmartebulia bosforosis saxelwodeba. Semdegi gaCereba
argonavtebs finevsTan eliT. boreasis vaJebi gandevnian harpiebs da
misans saSineli frinvelebisagan aTavisufleben. madlierebis niSnad
finevsi winaswarmetyvelebas amcnobs da maT rCeva-darigebas aZlevs. argo
gaivlis simplegadebs da mariandinebis qveyanas miaRwevs.
6
wigni V: argonavtebi did danakliss ganicdian. sicocxles esalmeba
misani idmoni da mesaWe tifisi. sinopeSi argonavtebs sami axali
Tanamgzavri Seemateba. miniebi Cadian kolxidaSi. iuno da minerva TaT-
biroben. aietisaken mimavali iasoni Sexvdeba medeas, romelic Ramiseuli
sizmrebiT aris SeSfoTebuli. kolxi qalwuli iasons aswavlis
sasaxlisken mimaval gzas. aRwerilia solis taZari, romelic mravali
gamosaxulebiT aris Semkuli. aieti ucxoebs guliTadad iRebs, Tumca, mas
Semdeg, rac maTi mosvlis mizezs Seityobs, cdilobs, maT dabrkolebebi
Seuqmnas. oqros sawmisis sanacvlod iasons sTxovs, Zmis winaaRmdeg omSi
daexmaros. marsi, iupiteri da minerva bWoben, Tu vis dauWiron mxari.
wigni VI: marsi miwaze eSveba. kolxidaSi Zmebs Soris omi
mimdinareobs. argonavtebi mefe aietis mxareze ibrZvian. iuno venuss
sTxovs Semweobas, medeas Seayvaros iasoni. iuno medeas qalkiopes saxiT
evlineba da galavnidan masTan erTad adevnebs Tvals iasonis sagmiro
saqmeebs brZolis velze.
wigni VII: aieti iasons axal davalebas aZlevs. man unda
daimorCilos cecxlismfrqveveli xarebi da daamarcxos miwidan aRmoce-
nebuli meomrebi. iuno venuss agzavnis, romelic kirkes saxes miiRebs, da
miuZRvis medeas iasonTan. medeas daxmarebiT iasoni aRasrulebs aietis
davalebas.
wigni VIII: kolxi qalwulis SemweobiT iasoni moipovebs oqros
sawmiss. argonavtebi medeasTan erTad iltvian kolxididan. absirtusis
sardlobiT kolxebi argonavtebs daedevnebian. kunZul pevkeze iasoni da
medea iqorwineben. kolxebi iTxoven medeas ukan dabrunebas. iuno argo-
navtebs kvlav exmareba da saSinel grigals gamoiwvevs. mdevarTa amalaSi
imyofeba medeas xelismTxovneli albaneli stirusic, romelic
qariSxlis gamo zRvaSi iRupeba. iasoni fiqrobs kolxebs gadasces medea.
iasonisa da medeas dialogiT wydeba poema.
Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi eWvs ar iwvevs is garemoeba, rom vale-
rius flakusi iTvaliswinebda rogorc berZnul, aseve romaul wyaroebs,
maT Soris iseTebsac, romelnic ar amuSaveben argonavtikis cikls, razec
ufro qvemoT Sesabamis TavSi gveqneba msjeloba, Tumca ar aris erTiano-
7
ba Tavad am nawarmoebis mniSvnelobis, poeturi Rirsebebisa Tu mizan-
dasaxulobis sakiTxebze.
valerius flakuss kiTxulobdnen da afasebdnen ukve antikur epo-
qaSi. sakmarisia, davasaxeloT iseTi avtorebi, rogorebic arian staciusi,
silius italikusi, drakonciusi. flakusis poema citirebulia Sua sauk-
uneebis florilegiebSi.6 mis Txzulebas icnobdnen XII-XIV ss-is cnobili
mwerlebi: ioseb iskanusi, albertino musato, jefri Coseri, iulius
skaligeri. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom avtorTa damokidebuleba flakusi-
sadmi ar iyo erTgvarovani. Tuki mecnierTa erTi nawili (leonardo
bruni, karl biuxneri, vilamovic-molendorfi)7 sakmaod kritikulad iyo
ganwyobili am poemis mimarT, ufro pozitiuri iyo skaligeri,8 aseve
peter burmani, eneas silvius pikolomini, rom araferi vTqvaT italiel
humanistze jambatista pioze (daaxl. 1460-1540); man ara mxolod gamosca
valerius flakusis teqsti da Seadgina komentarebi, aramed dawera misi
vita da e. w. damateba, sadac, apolonios rodoselze dayrdnobiT, moT-
xrobilia flakusis poemis savaraudo dasasruli (Bologna, H. de Benedictis
1519).9 Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneebidan usaTuod unda vaxsenoT
mixael fon albrexti, romelic flakusis poemas èpikuri teqnikis~
triumfad miiCnevs.10
zogierTi mecnieri poemis pozitiurad Sefasebis safuZvelze ufro
Sors midis da miiCnevs, rom valerius flakusis poemiT sruldeba
antikurobaSi argonavtebis Tqmulebis damuSavebis daskvniTi etapi.11 p.
dregeri argonavtTa Tqmulebis damuSavebis oTx ZiriTad versias gamo-
yofs. pirobiTad, dayofis principi, am SemTxvevaSi, iTvaliswinebs Semdeg
garemoebas, Tu kerZod romel RmerTs (an qalRmerTs) aqvs wamyvani fun-
qcia nawarmoebis siuJetis ganviTarebaSi. Sesabamisad, am princips,
6 B. L. Ullman, Valerius Flaccus in the mediaeval Florilegia, CPh 26, 1931, 21-30; W. W. Ehlers,
Untersuchungen zur handschriftlichen Überlieferung der Argonautica des C. Valerius Flaccus, Zetemata 52,
München 1970, 108.
7 U. v. Wilamowitz-Mölendorff, Hellenistische Dichtung II, Berlin 1924, 165.
8 Julius Caesar Scaliger, Poetices libri septem. Ad Sylvium filium, Lyon 1561, 323.
9 J. Rieker, Das Supplement des Johannes Baptista Pius Bononiensis zu den Argonautica des Valerius
Flaccus. Ratis omnia vincet, München 1998, 357-363.
10 M. von Albrecht, Geschichte der römischen Literatur, München 19942, 739.
11 P. Dräger, Argo pasimelousa. Der Argonautenmythos in der griechischen und römischen Literatur,
Palingenesia 43, Stuttgart 1993, 6.
8
germaneli mecnieris gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba vuwodoT qeo;~ ai[tio~-is
principi. aqedan gamomdinare, pirveli versiis RerZs, romelic vinme
homerosamdelma mweralma daamuSava, qmnida heras SiSi (ÆArcomenov" seqen,
ÓHrh), rom peliass poseidonis kultis TayvaniscemiTa da gaZlierebiT ar
SeezRuda heras kulti. iasonis mimarT heras keTilganwyoba swored amiT
iyo motivirebuli. meore versiaSi, pindarosis IV piTiur odaSi, wamyvani
funqcia eWira apolonis nebas (ÆArcomeno;" seu`, ÆAppovlwn), pindarosTan
sakmaod sruli saxiT aris gadmocemuli argonavtTa Tqmulebis epizo-
debi, magram ramdenadac oda kirenel gmirs, arkesilaoss eZRvneba,
romelmac gaimarjva etliT srbolaSi Zv. w. 462 wels, Sesabamisad, mini-
ebis Tqmulebac qalaq kirenes daarsebis konteqstSi iyo ganxorci-
elebuli. mesame versiis, apolonios rodoselis epikuri nawarmoebis
sayrdeni uzenaesi RmerTis, zevsis neba unda yofiliyo (ÆArcomeno;" seu`,
Zeuv~). friqsosis mier kolxidaSi gadatanili sawmisis gamo zevss Ser-
yvnilad miaCnda berZnuli adaT-wesebi. amdenad, miniebs marTebdaT oqros
sawmisis kvlav eladaSi dabruneba, riTac kompensirdeboda warsulSi
Cadenili mkrexeloba. meoTxe versiis, valerius flakusis eposis RerZs
warmoadgenda iupiteris survili (Iuppiter, incipiens abs te), bolo moeRo ada-
mianTa qveynad gamefebuli usaqmurobisaTvis. Sesabamisad, eposSi vale-
rius flakusi romaelTa msoflio batonebad qcevis ideas aviTarebs.
rodesac argonavtTa Tqmulebis versiebze vlaparakobT, unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, Tu romel epoqas miekuTvneba esa Tu is konkretuli
mwerali, romelic argonavtebis miTis damuSavebas kidebs xels. erTi
mxriv, igi SezRudulia tradiciulad cnobili miTiT, meore mxriv,
Tanadrouli tendenciebiT, romlebic Tavisda uneburad pouloben
asaxvas mxatvrulad damuSavebul poetur qmnilebebSi. Sesabamisad, esa
Tu is mwerali Tavs uflebas aZlevs, met-naklebad Tavisufali iyos
Temis interpretaciisas, Tumca, mainc garkveulwilad SezRudulia, rad-
gan radikalurad ver daSordeba tradiciul Tqmulebas. am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT savsebiT viziarebT r. gordezianis mier gamoTqmul
Tvalsazriss: `faqtobrivad, ufro sxvadasxva epoqis mweralTa mier miTis
aqtualizebis doneebTan gvaqvs saqme, vidre argonavtikis, rogorc tradi-
ciul ambavTa sistemis, versiebTan. am TvalsazrisiT, yoveli mxatvruli
9
nawarmoebi, romelic miniebis Tqmulebis damuSavebas isaxavda miznad,
faqtobrivad, miTis ramdenadme axal versias SemogvTavazebda~.12
savsebiT aSkaraa, rom poema ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT misi Seqmnis
epoqisgan mowyvetiT, rogorc droidan da sivrcidan amovardnili poe-
turi nawarmoebi. ufro metic, flakusi araerTgzis migvaniSnebs im
realobebsa Tu orientirebze, romlebic sakmaod daSorebulni arian
gmirTa saukunes da argonavtebis legendarul epoqas. samoqalaqo omebi,
vezuviusis amofrqveva Tavis anabeWds tovebs flakusis poemaze. igi
gatacebiT aRwers tiranebis qedmaRlobas, qveSevrdomTa SiSs, sasikvdi-
lod ganwirulTa siamayes, sastiki tiranis gardacvalebis Sedegad
Seqmnili mZime wnexisagan ganTavisuflebis SegrZnebas.
am TvalsazrisiT valerius flakusis poema Zireulad gansxvavdeba
apolonios rodoselis poemisagan, romelSic ar gvaqvs amgvari miniSne-
bebi mis Tanamedrove Tu winamorbed istoriul pirebsa Tu movlenebze.
Sesabamisad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom valerius flakusis poema gacilebiT
ufro ideologizebulia, vidre apolonios rodoselisa da es gamoi-
xateba, garda CamoTvlili faqtorebisa, aseve religiis sakmaod mniSvne-
lovani roliT am poemaSi da iupiterze orientirebuli ideologiiT.
Sesabamisad, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom valerius flakusi axdens tradiciuli
miTologiuri informaciis sruliad Segnebul aqtualizacias da, faqto-
brivad, argonavtebis Temas ayenebs romauli imperiis interesebis samsa-
xurSi. rogorc Cans, misi poema exmianeba romaelTa gazrdil interess
aRmosavleTis qveynebisa da maT Soris aRm. SavizRvispireTis regionis
mimarT, rac gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri xdeba miTridatesis omebisa da
pompeusis laSqrobebis Semdeg. apianosis gadmocemiT, pompeiusi imdenad
iyo dainteresebuli argonavtebis TqmulebiT, rom Tavi mianeba miTridat-
esis devnas da miniebis nakvalevis monaxulebas Seudga: Ð d Pomp»ioj aÙtÕn
eÙqÝj mn ™pˆ tÍ fugÍ mšcri KÒlcwn ™d…wxe, met¦ d toÝj KÒlcouj oÙdamoà dÒxaj aÙtÕn
oÜte tÕn PÒnton oÜte t¾n Maiètida l…mnhn perieleÚsesqai oÙd meg£loij œti pr£gmasin
™gceir»sein ™kpesÒnta, toÝj KÒlcouj ™pÇei kaq' ƒstor…an tÁj 'Argonautîn kaˆ
DioskoÚrwn kaˆ `Hraklšouj ™pidhm…aj, tÕ p£qoj m£lista „de‹n ™qšlwn, Ö Promhqe‹ fasi
genšsqai perˆ tÕ KaÚkason Ôroj. crusoforoàsi d' ™k toà Kauk£sou phgaˆ pollaˆ
12 r. gordeziani, argonavtebi. berZnuli miTebis samyaro, Tbilisi 1999, 136.
10
yÁgma ¢fanšj· kaˆ oƒ per…oikoi, kódia tiqšntej ™j tÕ ·eàma baqÚmalla, tÕ yÁgma
™niscÒmenon aÙto‹j ™klšgousi. kaˆ toioàton Ãn ‡swj kaˆ tÕ crusÒmallon A„»tou dšroj.
tÕn oân Pomp»ion ™pˆ tÍ ƒstor…v ¢niÒnta oƒ mn ¥lloi paršpempon, Ósa œqnh ge…tona
(Ap. Mithr. 13).13 aqedan gamomdinare, valerius flakusisaTvis tradiciuli
gmirebi da simboloebi ramdenadme axal mniSvnelobas iZenen da cnobil
siuJetur elementebs axali azri eniWebaT. es flakusTanac SeigrZnoba:
misTvis oqros sawmisi imdenad mniSvnelovani ar aris, ramdenadac
sazRvao gzis gaxsna; unda aRiniSnos, rom amis xarjze masTan icvleba
aqcentebi da poeturi brwyinvalebac ki im partiebisa, romelic
apoloniosTan ase gvxiblavs. rasakvirvelia, am viTarebaSi valerius
flakusisaTvis SeumCneveli ar rCeba is, rom apolonios rodoselTan
iasoni erTgvarad antigmiris elfers atarebs, radgan, faqtobrivad, misi
yvela sagmiro saqme sxvisi daxmarebiT aResruleba; poeti cdilobs, mas
gmiris statusi daubrunos. amisaTvis, bunebrivia, igi ver daisaxavda
miznad apolonios rodoselTan gadmocemuli siuJeturi elementebis
mkveTrad Secvlas; mas esaWiroeboda axali epizodebis Semotana; aseve
apolonios rodoselis paTosis, rac SeiZleba mecnieruli sizustiT
aRewera argonavtebis marSruti, ramdenadme ganeleba. amisaTvis valerius
flakuss kolxidis epizodSi, iq, sadac mTliani ZaliT unda moxdes
iasonis gmirobis eqsponireba, Semoaqvs vrceli ambavi kolxidaSi
warmoebuli e. w. samoqalaqo omisa. bunebrivia, am omis CarTvas
esaWiroeboda Sesabamisi anturaJi sxvadasxva gmiris da siuJeturi
elementisa. es ki svams kiTxvas, ra asazrdoebda aseT SemTxvevaSi
valerius flakusis fantazias: garkveuli realobebi Tu mxolod
warmosaxvis TamaSi.
Tuki valerius flakusTan dakavSirebuli problematikis kvlevas
msoflio klasikur filologiaSi sakmaod did yuradRebas aqceven, qar-
Tul mecnierebaSi am mimarTulebiT SedarebiT naklebi interesi SeiniS-
13 `pompeiusma mswrafl misdia miTridatess, gaqceuls, kolxebamde, xolo kolxebis

Semdeg ki ifiqra, rom igi verc pontoss Semouvlis da verc meotisis tbas da gaZeve-
buls arc didi saqmeebis wamowyeba SeeZlebao. Semdeg man moiara argonavtTa kolxebi.
dioskurebisa da herakles aq yofnis ambebis Sesatyobad da gansakuTrebiT ki undoda
enaxa tanjvis adgilebi, radgan ambobdnen, promeTe kavkasionis mTaze iyo mijaWvulio.
kavkasionidan momdinare mraval nakaduls uCinari oqros qviSa Camoaqvs. adgilobrivi
mcxovreblebi mdinareSi sqelmatylian cxvris tyavebs aTavseben da agroveben qviSas,
romelic am tyavebze rCeba. albaT, amgvarive iyo aietis oqros sawmisic~.
11
neba. aq unda aRvniSnoT akaki uruSaZis naSromi `Zveli kolxeTi argonav-
tebis TqmulebaSi~. enciklopediaSi Caucasus antiquus warmodgenilia kavka-
siasTan dakavSirebuli flakusis mniSvnelovani cnobebi. sakmaod didi
adgili uWiravs misi Semoqmedebis Seswavlas c. gigauris kvlevebSi. Cveni
azriT, qarTvel mecnierTa naSromebSi naklebi yuradReba eqceva, Tu ra
principebiT axdens valerius flakusi kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli info-
rmaciis saocar ganvrcobas da am mizniT axali siuJeturi elementis,
kavkasieli tomis Tu personaJis Semoyvanas.
Cveni naSromis mizans warmoadgens imis kvleva, Tu rogor axerxebs
valerius flakusi, kavkasiaSi momxdar ambebs misces istoriuli sando-
obis xasiaTi da Seqmnas e. w. fsevdo-istoria im movlenebisa, rasac
argonavtebis ciklis moqmedebis manZilze unda hqonoda adgili.
Sesabamisad, Cveni amocanaa, gamovikvlioT:
1) mTeli is informacia, rac valerius flakusTan kavkasias,
kavkasiel xalxebsa da personaJebs exeba, metwilad imaze yuradRebis
gamaxvilebiT, rac mas apolonios rodoselisgan ganasxvavebs.
2) rogoria poetis fantaziis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli infor-
maciis sandooba kavkasiisa da misi mezobeli tomebis eqsponirebisas.
3) ra principiT Semohyavs valerius flakuss argonavtebis laSqro-
basTan dakavSirebuli miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis ucnobi uamravi
axali gmiri da rogor axdens maT saxeldebas.
12
I. tradicia da novatoroba
antikur literaturaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs paradigmatuli

nawarmoebebis tradiciuli siuJetebis recipirebas. sakmarisia, gavixse-
noT, rom klasikuri epoqis didi berZeni tragikosebi TavianT tragedi-
ebSi Zalze xSirad amuSaveben ara marto erTsa da imave miTologiur
siuJets, aramed warmatebiT iyeneben am siuJetTa mxatvruli realizaciiT
gamorCeul dramebs, rogorc TavianTi nawarmoebis konstruirebisas
gasaTvaliswinebel mxatvrul modelebs. am mxriv Zalze sainteresoa
TviT romauli literaturis formirebis procesi, romelic, faqtobrivad,
berZnuli prototipebis jer mibaZvis, xolo Semdeg ki Zalze warmate-
buli SemoqmedebiTi aTvisebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda. swored didi
berZnuli literaturis mimarT SemoqmedebiTma midgomam gaxada
SesaZlebeli, rom ukve Zv. w. I saukuneSi romaulma literaturam miaRwia
gacilebiT ufro did simaRleebs, vidre es imave periodis berZnul
literaturaSi SeiniSneba. rasakvirvelia, mimarTebas berZnul literatu-
rasTan hqonda erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli formebi. a. m., Tuki vergili-
usi Tavis èneidaSi~ sruliad sxva siuJetisaTvis erTdroulad homero-
sis orsave poemas exmianeba, senekas `medea~ aSkarad evripides imave
saxelwodebis tragediiT aris mTlianad STagonebuli, Tumca genialuri
romaeli poeti, amis miuxedavad, axerxebs, Seqmnas Tavisi `medea~, romel-
sac msoflio literaturisaTvis evripidesgan gansxvavebuli damouki-
debeli Rirebuleba aqvs. swored es aZlevs literaturaTmcodneebs
SesaZleblobas, imsjelon senekas novatorobaze.
rac Seexeba valerius flakuss, aq sruliad aSkaraa, rom misTvis e.
w. amosaval models apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtika~ warmoadgens,
magram, rasakvirvelia, Secdoma iqneboda, gvefiqra, rom flakusi mxolod
am poemisgan miRebuli impulsebiT ifargleba da ar cdilobs, Seinar-
Cunos sakuTari poeturi `Rirseba~. flakusis poemis mkvlevarT araerT-
gzis ucdiaT, eCvenebinaT is, rom flakusi, SesaZloa, zogierT SemTxve-
vaSi gacilebiT ufro met mimarTebas avlendes homerosTan, vergilius-
Tan, ovidiusTan, vidre sakuTriv apolonios rodoselTan da, amasTanave,
gvTavazobdes imgvari poeturi aRmafreniT Seqmnil araerT partias,
romelic mas warmogvidgens rogorc sakmaod individualur, maRali
13
donis poets. rasakvirvelia, rodesac mkvlevarebi msjeloben flakusis
novatorobaze, maT, upirveles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi aqvT is momentebi,
riTac flakusi hgavs apolonios rodosels an gansxvavdeba misgan.
Cveni azriT, rodesac vmsjelobT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris
tradiciuli da ra novatoruli flakusTan, aucilebelia aq ori planis
gamoyofa: erTi – misi mimarTeba mTel antikur literaturasTan, romel-
ic mas SeeZlo gaeTvaliswinebina, da meore – sakuTriv apolonios rodo-
selTan. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa misi mimarTeba romael mwerlebTan,
radgan faqtia, rom laTinur enaze Seqmnili originaluri poema, raoden
davalebulic ar unda iyos igi Tavisi berZnuli prototipisgan, iZulebu-
li iqneba enis, heqsametris gamoyenebis, axali formativebis Tu kompo-
zitebis Seqmnis da a. S. procesSi ufro metad gaiTvaliswinos romauli
literatura. swored amitom, vfiqrobT, umjobesi iqneba, mimarTeba
flakusis winamorbedebTan da mimarTeba saxeldobr apolonios rodo-
selTan erTmaneTisgan ramdenadme gamijnulad ganvixiloT.
magram vidre amas gavakeTebdeT, Zalze mokled gadavavloT Tvali
argonavtikis Temis romaul literaturaSi damuSavebis tradicias. am
Temis SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebaSi vgulisxmobT romauli literaturis
flakusamdel periods, sadac SegviZlia gamovyoT ori etapi: pirveli –
rodesac romaeli mwerlebi ZiriTadad Targmnian argonavtebis ciklis
damamuSavebel nawarmoebebs da meore – rodesac iwyeba ukve am Temis Se-
moqmedebiTad aTvisebis periodi da amis safuZvelze originaluri laTi-
nuri poeturi nawarmoebebis Seqmna.
rogorc aRvniSneT, pirvel etapze ZiriTadad xdeboda berZnuli
prototipebis `Targmna~. argonavtebis ciklidan romaeli dramaturge-
bisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mimzidveli aRmoCnda medeas ambavi da, miuxedavad
imisa, rom amosaval models maTTvis evripides `medea~ warmoadgenda, maT
TavianT tragediebs romauli elferi SesZines. pirveli romaeli mwerali,
romelmac evripides `medea~ gadmoakeTa laTinur enaze, iyo kvintus
eniusi (Zv. w. 239-169). cnobas imis Sesaxeb, rom eniusis tragedia berZnuli
prototipis sityvasityviT Targmans warmoadgenda, ukve ciceronTan
vxvdebiT. miuxedavad amisa, ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos is Tavisufali
damokidebuleba, rasac respublikis epoqis mwerlebi zogadad avlenen
14
berZnuli winamorbedebis qmnilebebTan damokidebulebaSi. amas cxadyofs
lucius akciusis (Zv. w. 170-80) `medea~, sadac garkveulwilad asaxva pova
grakxusebis, mariusisa da sulas drois gamoZaxilma: `politikuri ele-
menti da intriga. samoqalaqo areuloba, ajanyeba, marcxi, kvlav aRzeveba,
mefeTa da tiranebis mkvleloba, uzurpatorebis dasja, mxareTa Soris
brZola~14 – yvelaferi es mis tragedias udavod romaul elfers sZens.
Zv. w. I s-is satirikossa da epikoss, varon atacinuss laTinurad gadmo-
ukeTebia apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtika~,15 rasac, mcireodeni
nawyvetebis garda, Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.16
argonavtebis Tqmulebis SemoqmedebiTad damuSavebis etapi romaul
literaturaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom avgustusis epoqidan iwyeba, rasac
cxadyofs ovidiusis (Zv. w. 43 – ax. w. 18) Semoqmedeba. mis `metamor-
fozebSi~ mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs argonavtebis Tqmulebis mxat-
vrul interpretacias. berZnul originalze dayrdnobiT masve Seuqmnia
tragedia `medea~, romlisganac mxolod fragmentebi SemogvrCa. yvelaze
vrclad argonavtebis Tqmulebis calkeuli siuJeti gadmocemuli aqvs
romael miTografoss – higinuss `fabulebSi~, sadac Tavmoyrilia argo-
navtebis laSqrobamdeli ambebi, TviT laSqroba da medeasa da iasonis
Tavgadasavali korinTosSi. am TvalsazrisiT aseve sainteresoa plinius
ufrosis (ax. w. 23-79) enciklopediuri naSromi Historia naturalis, sadac
vxvdebiT Tqmulebis calkeul siuJetur elements, damowmebulia esa Tu
is personaJi, geografiuli punqti. calke unda gamovyoT Cvenamde sruli
saxiT moRweuli senekas (ax. w. 1-65) tragedia `medea~, romelsac, rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, medeas saxis mxatvruli interpretaciis TvalsazrisiT
gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs msoflio literaturaSi. argonavtebis
Temis SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebis procesi grZeldeba valerius flakusTan,
romelic axerxebs winamorbedis, apolonios rodoselisagan damouki-
debeli mxatvruli Rirebuleba SesZinos Tavis àrgonavtikas~.
14 O. Ribbek, Die römische Tragödie im Zeitalter der Republik, Leipzig 1875, 602.
15 P. L. Schmidt, V. Terentius, P. (Atacinus), DNP12/1 Enzyklopädie der Antike, Stuttgart, Weimar 2002,
1144-1145; M. Schanz, C. Hosius, R. Herzog, P. L. Schmidt, K. Sallmann, Geschichte der römischen Literatur, Bd.
1. 1927, 312. Einleitung in die griechische Philologie, H.-G. Nesselrath (Hrsg.), , Leipzig 1997, 259; c. gigauri,
valerius flakusis àrgonavtika~ da cnobebi kolxeTis Sesaxeb, sak. dis. Tbilisi 1969.
16 Quint. 10, 1, 87; Ovid. Amor. 1, 15, 21.
15
Sesabamisad, valerius flakuss Tvalwin hqonda ara marto
apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtika~, aramed sakmaod xangrZlivi tradi-
cia am Tqmulebis Tu masTan dakavSirebuli berZnuli nawarmoebebis reci-
pirebisa laTinur literaturaSi. swored amitom, Cven SevecdebiT,
yuradReba gavamaxviloT flakusis araerT wyaroze, romelsac SeeZlo
masze garkveuli gavlena moexdina da, meore mxriv, apolonios rodosel-
ze, romlis scenarsac is arsebiTad mihyveba; Semdgom etapze ganvixilavT
flakusis axal koncefcias, rasac pirobiTad SegviZlia vuwodoT
ìupiteris samyaros gegma~. aseve TvalsaCinoebisaTvis ganvixilavT
ramdenime epizods, sadac ikveTeba flakusis novatoruli midgoma – nak-
lebad cnobili da erTi SexedviT umniSvnelo siuJeturi elementis
ganvrcobiT Seqmnas epizodi, romelic udavod mis poetur ostatobaze
metyvelebs.
1. flakusi da misi winamorbedebi
Tuki davukvirdebiT flakusis mimarTebas ama Tu im avtorTan, romelic

SesaZloa garkveulwilad misi inspiraciis wyaro gamxdariyo, SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom igi sakmaod kargad icnobs mTel winamaval literaturul
tradicias, a. m., igi mimarTebas gviCvenebs homerosTan, vergiliusTan,
ovidiusTan, senekasTan, lukanusTan. rodesac esa Tu is mwerali cnobil
da ukve mravalgzis damuSavebul Temas kidebs xels, mis winaSe yovel-
Tvis dgas gamowveva, aRematebodes Tavis e. w. models gamomsaxvelobis
ZaliT, aqcentebis dasmiT, gansxvavebuli Txrobis perspeqtivis SeqmniT,
gmirTa moqmedebis motivaciebis SecvliT, individualuri stilisturi
xerxebis da Taviseburi metruli sazomebis gamoyenebiT. Sesabamisad, man
ise unda daamuSavos Tema, rom ara marto warmodgenili istoria Tu
calkeuli epizodi iyos saintereso, aramed TviT warmodgenis stili da
manera. amdenad, cnebebs imitatio da aemulatio didi mniSvneloba aqvs berZnu-
li da romauli literaturis TviTmyofadobis gagebisaTvis. Tu aemulatio
e. w. misabaZi modelis brmad gadmoRebas aRniSnavs, sakmaod farToa
imitatio-s gageba. aq daveyrdnobiT mkvlevar ursula koidelis sqemas, ro-
melsac is imitaciis arsis gansazRvrisas gvTavazobs Tavis klavdianusis
komentarebSi: `gauTviTcnobierebeli ganzraxviT nimuSis gamoyeneba aris
16
reminiscencia, wyaros gamoyeneba gansazRvruli ganzraxviT an magaliTad
interpretaciiT aris miniSneba, xolo kreatiuli formacvaleba aris
damuSaveba~.17 rasakvirvelia, flakusis poema damokidebulia
literaturul tradiciaze, romelic mas win uswrebda, rogorc siuJe-
turi elementebis, aseve enobrivi formebis TvalsazrisiT, Tumca, Cven
SevecdebiT warmovadginoT, rom is, rac erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogve-
Cvenos masTan mibaZvad, umeteswilad SemoqmedebiTi interpretaciis maRal
xarisxs gviCvenebs. Tavdapirvelad sakmaod mokled Tvali gavadevnoT im
arsebiT mimarTebebs, rasac flakusi Tavis winamorbed avtorebTan
avlens.
rodesac homerosTan flakusis mimarTebaze vmsjelobT, pirvel
rigSi vgulisxmobT msgavsi motivebis, siuJeturi elementebis da aseve
struqturuli paralelebis arsebobas, aseve mTel rig Sesatyvisobebs
poeturi enis doneze. Tumca, bunebrivia, ramdenadac flakusi laTinurad
qmnis Tavis poemas, enobriv doneze yvelaze met mimarTebas vergiliusTan
gviCvenebs, romelic, Tavis mxriv, homerosisgan aris inspirirebuli, ase
rom saqme gvaqvs garemoebasTan, rasac mecnierebaSi moixsenieben terminiT:
imitatio Virgiliana Homeri. es paradigma garkveulwilad modeli gaxda vergi-
liusis Semdgomdroindeli mwerlebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki maTTvis,
vinc nawarmoebebs eposis JanrSi qmnida. magaliTisaTvis sakmarisia aRvni-
SnoT, rom omis amsaxveli scenebis aRwerisas flakusisaTvis amosavals
warmoadgens èneida~ (VII da X wignebi), aristiebis `tipur scenebs~,
romlebic uxvadaa warmodgenili aietsa da persess Soris gamarTuli
omis amsaxvel epizodSi, safuZvlad udavod ìliadis~ e. w. `diomedia~
udevs, ramac Tavis mxriv gavlena moaxdina èneidis~ avtorze (X da XII
wignebi). SeiZleba iTqvas, es principi imdenad universaluria, rom ara
marto flakusTan, aramed sxva mwerlebTanac poulobs asaxvas; a. m.,
smolenaarsi valeriusis àrgonavtikis~ VI wignis da staciusis `Tebai-
sis~ VII wignis aristiebis èneidasTan~ da ìliadasTan~ SepirispirebiT
cdilobs, dagvanaxos, rom struqturulad flakusic da staciusic
17 U. Keudel, Poetische Vorläufer und Vorbilder in Claudians De consulatu Stilichonis.

Imitationskommentar, Hypomnemata 26, Göttingen 1970, 17ff.
17
vergiliuss eyrdnobian, vergiliusi ki Tavis mxriv homeross.18 berZen
epikosTan mimarTebas gviCvenebs aseve flakusiseuli e. w. ormagi
katalogis agebis principi, gmirebis daTvaliereba e. w. teiqoskopia, kriv-
Si Sejibris scenebi (Il. XXIII 685-699). intensiurad aris Semosuli fla-
kusTan troas Tema, aq vgulisxmobT herkulesis rolis gaZlierebas da
misi saxis gansakuTrebul intensifikacias. amisaTvis flakusi apolonios
rodoselisgan gansxvavebiT sruliad axal epizodsac ki rTavs poemaSi,
herkulesis mier laomedonis asulis, hesiones ganTavisuflebas. ramde-
nadac am epizods mniSvnelovani datvirTva aqvs flakusis poemaSi, masze
qvemoT gveqneba msjeloba.
is, rom vergiliusma gansakuTrebuli gavlena iqonia mis
Semdgomdroindel romael mwerlebze da, mas, garkveulwilad, amosaval
modelad iyenebdnen, araerTgzis aRniSnula.19 gamonakliss arc flaviusis
epoqis mwerlebi warmoadgenen.20 mecnierebaSi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
specialuri terminic ki damkvidrda ìnterpretatio Virgiliana~.21 flakusis
vergiliusTan mimarTebisas ori plani ikveTeba: Tu erT SemTxvevaSi
flakuss gadmoaqvs vergiliusiseuli siuJeturi elementi da inarCunebs
gamomxatvelobiT formasa da Sinaarss, sxva SemTxvevaSi masTan amosavali
modeli Secvlilia, dakavSirebulia sxva konteqstTan da axali suliT
aris STagonebuli, rig SemTxvevaSi ki isea akumulirebuli da
transformirebuli, rom vergiliusis SemoqmedebaSi gauTviTcnobierebeli
mkiTxvelisaTvis konteqsti SesaZloa gaugebari iyos. igi garkveulwilad
eyrdnoba vergiliuss dawyebuli eposis struqturis agebis principiT
damTavrebuli leqsikuri formativebis da gamoTqma-formulebis gamoyene-
biT. vergiliuss surs Tavis poemaSi gaaerTianos e. w. ìliadisa~ da
18 J. J. L. Smolenaars, Quellen und Rezeption. Die Verarbeitung homerischer Motive bei Valerius Flaccus
und Statius, Ratis omnia vincet. Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hildesheim, Zürich,
New York 1991, 57-69.
19 I. Greiff, De G. Valeri Flacci Argonauticis cum Vergili Maronis Aeneide comparatis.
Gymnasialprogramm, Trient 1869; A. Grüneberg, de Valerio Flacco imitatore, Diss. Berlin 1893; H. Stroh, Studies
zu Valerius, besonders über dessen Verhältnis zu Vergil, Gymnasialprogramm, Augsburg 1905; R. Nordera, I
virgilianismi in Valerio Flacco. Contributo a uno studio della lingua epica nell'età imperiale, in: R. Nordera, T.
Bertotti, L. Bezzi, E. Pianezzola, A. Lunelli. Contributi a tre poeti latini (Valerio Flacco, Rutilio Namaziano,
Pascoli), Bologna 1969, 1-92.
20 P. Hardie, Flavian Epicists on Vergil's Epic Technique, in A. J. Boyle (ed.), The Imperial Muse. Ramus
Essays on Roman Literature of the Empire: Flavian Epicists to Claudian, Bendigo 1990, 3-20.
21 P. Hardie, The Epic Successors of Vergil. A Study in the Dynamics of a Tradition, Cambridge 1993, 118.
18
òdiseas~ Tema, Tumca vergiliusis poema Tvisobrivad mkveTrad gansxvave-
bulia homerosis poemaTagan. homerosis poemebSi miTologiuri siuJetia
gadmocemuli, èneidaSi~ miTi TanamedroveobasTan aris Serwymuli. vergi-
liusis msgavsad flakusis poemac ori informaciuli planis
gaerTianebas warmoadgens: mogzauroba da sagmiro saqmeebis eqsponireba.
Tu vergiliusis mizani aris imis Cveneba, rom romis, msoflios uZliere-
si qalaqis, daarseba RmerTTa nebiT ganxorcielda, rom italielTa
winaprebi, elinTa msgavsad, uZvelesi tomebi iyvnen, rom uzenaesTa gada-
wyvetilebis Tanaxmad, troelTa erTi nawili damkvidrda italiaSi, Tavis
`pirvel samSobloSi~, am ideas exmianeba flakusic Tavis poemaSi, misi
azriT, troa ukeTesi qalaqi unda gaxdes, da masTan msoflios marTvis
sadaveebs axali xalxi [igulisxmebian romaelebi] igdebs xelSi et genus
Aeneadum et Troiae melioris honores (Val. Flacc. 2. 573). poemaSi es aspeqti mxatvru-
lad aris gadmocemuli iupiteris samyaros gegmaSi, flakusis am axal
koncefciaze specialur qveTavSi gveqneba msjeloba. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis
SegviZlia moviyvanoT scenebi, sadac aSkarad ikveTeba vergiliusis gav-
lena: didosa da eneasis da medeasa da iasonis ambebi, evandres gamosam-
Svidobebeli sityva palasisadmi (Aen. VIII 560-583) SegviZlia SevadaroT
esonis sityvas iasonisadmi (Val. Flacc. 1. 336-347), erTi mxriv, italTa
katalogi (Aen. VII 641-817) da, meore mxriv, argonavtTa katalogi (Val.
Flacc. 1. 353-483), aseve msgavsebas gviCvenebs mgzavrobis dasawyisisTanave
zRvaze amtydari qariSxlis scena (Aen. 1. 124ff.) / (Val. Flacc. 1. 640ff.). calke-
uli pasaJebis lingvisturi analizisas vlindeba formula-gamonaTqvame-
bis Tanxvedrebic, flakusis heqsametrul sazoms mTel rig SemTxvevebSi,
gansakuTrebiT striqonebis dasawyissa da dasasruls, vergiliusiseuli
elferi dahkravs; dasturdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac heqsametruli
striqonis nawili ucvleli saxiT aris gadmotanili. valeriusi arsad
ar warmogvidgeba rogorc brma mimbaZveli. zogierTi mecnieri miiCnevs,
rom vergiliusis msgavsad valerius flakusma Seqmna Tavisi sakuTari
ena. marTalia, igi iTvaliswinebs winamorbedebis miRwevebs, Tumca
vergiliuss baZavs igi imaSic, rom eZios axali stili, gabedulad
miudges enobriv formebs, rac aisaxeba axali formebis ZiebaSi. aqedan
gamomdinare, Tavisuflad SeiZleba vimsjeloT im garemoebaze, rac mis
19
axal stils gansazRvravs: 1. axali sintaqsuri konstruqciebi. 2. sityve-
bis axali mniSvneloba, rac flakusamdel literaturul tradiciaSi ar
dasturdeba. 3. sityvebis semantikuri ambivalentoba.
Sesabamisad, misi imitaciis teqnika SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT terminiT
variacia. maTias korni amikusis pasaJis lingvisturi analizis Sedegad
midis im daskvnamde, rom igi inspirirebulia èneidis~ erT-erTi pasaJiT
(5.446), sadac gadmocemulia krivis amsaxveli scena daressa da enteluss
Soris. mecnieri aq variaciis sam ragvarobas ayalibebs: 1. erTi leqsikuri
formativis sxva sityviT Canacvleba: in ventum Secvlilia sityviT nubibus
(4.273), riTac aqcentirebulia amikusis mzardi sibraze. 2. saTqmelis
intensifikacia damatebiTi leqsikuri formativebis meSveobiT: vergili-
usis neitraluri vires Secvlilia emociurad datvirTuli leqsikuri
formativebiT iras da ardorem (4.273-274). 3. konteqstidan gamomdinare sityvi-
sTvis sxva mniSvnelobis miniWeba:L effundere-s (4.273) aq aqvs ara abicere-s an
perdere-s gageba, rogorc vergiliusTan, aramed dakavSirebulia risxvasTan
iras effundere, da amdenad am konkretul SemTxvevaSi sul sxva datvirTva
eniWeba.22 xSirad flakusis Sesaxeb amboben, rom rTuli ena aqvs da rig
SemTxvevaSi azri ise bundovania, rom gaugebaria, avtors risi Tqma
surda. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis ganvixiloT erTi konkretuli magaliTi.23
venusi medeas saqorwinod Cuqnis Tavis òrmag~ gvirgvins da patiosan
Tvlebs, romelic Semdgom sxva patarZalze akiafdeba ipsa suam duplicem
Cytherea coronam / donat et arsuras alia cum virgine gemmas (8.235-36). azri gaugebari
iqneba, Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT vergiliusis poemidan pasaJs, romelic am
adgils udevs safuZvlad; kerZod, èneidaSi~ eneasis mier didosTvis
miZRvnil saCuqrebs Soris moixsenieba gvirgvini, romelic odesRac
elenes ekuTvnoda: duplicem gemmis auroque coronam (1.655), anu oqrosa da
patiosani Tvlebisgan damzadebuli gvirgvini. ukve serviusma (Aen. 1.650-
Tan dakavSirebiT) Seicno aq eneasisa da didos momaval xvedrze
22 M. Korn, Valerius Flaccus und Vergil. Das Verhältnis von Nachahmer und Meister in sprachlicher
Hinsicht, Ratis omnia vincet. Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hildesheim, Zürich, New
York 1991, 49; F. Schimann, Valerius Flaccus und Vergil – interpretatio Virgiliana. Ratis omnia vincet. Neue
Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, München 1998, 123-7.
23 magaliTi mogvyavs frank SimanTan (ix. winamdebare sqolio) dasaxelebuli
avtoris salemis mixedviT: C. Salemme, Medea. Un antico mito in Valerio Flacco, Napoli 1993, 81.
20
miniSneba, rom eneasi da dido erTmaneTs daSordebodnen, ramdenadac
gvirgvini adre ficisgamtex elenes ekuTvnoda. msgavsad, flakusic
imedovnebs, rom sazogadoebas esmis vergiliusiseuli pasaJis simbolu-
roba da SefarviTi miniSnebebiT winaswar miuTiTebs imaze, rom arc
iasonisa da medeas urTierTobas eqneba bednieri dasasruli. poeti ufro
metad amZafrebs vergiliusis xatovan gamonaTqvams imiT, rom gemmae-s
ukavSirebs momavali drois mimReobas arsuras, anu miuTiTebs imaze, rac
momavalSia mosalodneli, et kavSiriT gamoyofs corona-sgan da vergili-
usis darad aurum-is moxsenieba saerTod aRar sWirdeba.24
rodesac flakusis ovidiusTan da senekasTan mimarTebaze vmsje-
lobT, upirveles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs medeas saxis mxatvruli
interpretacia. am procesSi maTi nawarmoebebi flakusisaTvis udavod
STagonebis wyaros warmoadgenda medeas saxis damuSavebisas.25 Tavdapir-
velad yuradReba SevaCeroT ovidiusze. flakusis medea mravalmxriv
mimarTebebs gviCvenebs, erTi mxriv, `heroidebis~ VI da XII werilebis da,
meore mxriv, `metamorfozebis~ medeasTan, iseve rogorc tragedia
`medeaSi~ warmodgenil saxesTan, romelmac Cvenamde umniSvnelo fragmen-
tebis saxiT moaRwia. ovidiusis medea winaaRmdegobrivi grZnobebiT aris
savse, igi sakmaod racionalisturad udgeba sakiTxs, Tumca racionalu-
robidan sakuTar TavTan saubarSi iracionalurobamdec ki midis. fla-
kusis medeac endoba Tavis ratio-s, Tumca, Tu ovidiusis medea TviTanalizs
eweva, flakusTan igi saTqmels ambobs, analizis gakeTebis SesaZleblo-
bas ki mTxrobels utovebs. amitomac flakusTan monologebs ufro
gansxvavebuli datvirTva aqvs, vidre ovidiusTan.26 is, rac saerToa
ovidiusisa da flakusis medeasaTvis, aris remedium amoris Zebna, rac ovi-
diusamdeli medeasaTvis ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli. a. m., flakusis
àrgonavtikis~ VII wignSi medea sayvedurobs kirkes saxiT movlenil
venuss, rom araferi kurnavs vnebis cecxls: sed magis his miseram, quando potes,
eripe curis / unde metus aestusque mihi quaeque aspera, mater, / perpetior dubiae iamdudum
24 f. Simani Tavis statiaSi sxva mraval saintereso magaliTsa da paralels

gvTavazobs.
25 S. Wetzel, Die Gestalt der Medea bei Valerius Flaccus, Diss. Kiel 1957; U. Eigler, Monologische
Redeformen bei Valerius Flaccus, Frankfurt a. M. 1988.
26 monologebTan dakavSirebiT ix.: U. Auhagen, Medea zwischen Ratio und Ratlosigkeit, ROV III,
München 2004, 91-102.
21
incendia mentis (Val. Flacc. 7. 241-243), es adgili Seesatyviseba pasaJs `heroide-
bis~ XII werilidan, sadac medea Civis, rom siyvarulis cecxls veranairi
jadosnuri saSualeba aqrobs: quaeque feros pepuli doctis medicatibus ignes, / non
valeo flammas effugere ipsa meas. (Ov. her. 12, 165ff).27 flakusTan hesiones ganTa-
visuflebis epizodi struqturul msgavsebas avlens `metamorfozebis~
persevsisa da andromedas ambavTan (Met. 4,663-764).28 ovidiusTan, flakusis
msgavsad, SeiniSneba interesi kavkasiaze arsebuli Tqmulebebisadmi, mis
TxzulebebSi mravali sayuradRebo cnobaa daculi kolxuri garemos
Sesaxeb, rac, albaT, imiTac aixsneba, rom poeti oqtavianus avgustusis
brZanebiT Savi zRvis sanapiroze iyo gadasaxlebuli.29 sayuradReboa
isic, rom ovidiusis Semoqmedeba mniSvnelovani wyaroa flakusisaTvis
Tavisi gamogonili personaJebisaTvis saxeldebis procesSic.
vergiliusisa da ovidiusis gverdiT mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs
flakusTan senekas `medeas~ recipirebis sakiTxs.30 jer kidev f. memeli
aRniSnavda, rom valeriusis gamomsaxvelobiTi manera davalebulia
senekas dramebisgan;31 a. m., sakmarisia TvalsaCinoebisaTvis ramdenime
adgili moviyvanoT: (Val. Flacc. 1. 76 / (Ps.) Sen. Herc. Oet. 623; Val. Flacc. 1. 205 / Sen.
Oed. 315; Val. Flacc. 4. 51, 51 / Sen. Tro. 419; Val. Flacc. 4. 163ff / Sen. Oed. 613ff.). gansa-
kuTrebul mimarTebas gviCvenebs senekas `medeasTan~ flakusis àrgonavti-
kis~ mexuTe (5. 231-277) da merve wignebSi gadmocemuli gmirTa motivaciebi
(8. 414-446). udavod, rodesac flakusis àrgonavtikas~ vkiTxulobT, gviC-
ndeba SegrZneba, rom medeas da aietis saxeebis interpretaciisas flakusi
mniSvnelovanwilad aris senekasgan davalebuli.32 es, upirveles yovlisa,
exeba kolxidaSi omis epizodis CarTvas, rac flakuss saSualebas
aZlevs, jer erTi: warmoaCinos iasonis siqvele, raTa medeam esonidi dai-
27 sxva mravali paralelis Sesaxeb ix.: F. Bessone, Valerius Flaccus und die Medeen des Ovid,
ROV, München 1998, 141-171.
28 ovidiusisa da flakusis nawarmoebTa zogierTi epizodis Sepirispireba
warmodgenilia mecnierebis naSromebSi: E. Frank, An Ovidian episode in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica,
RIL 105, 1971, 320-329. E. Burk, Die Befreiung der Andromeda bei Ovid und der Hesione bei Valerius Flaccus
(Metam. 4, 663-764; Argon. 2, 451-578), WS 10, 1976, 221-238.
29 И. Гагуа, Овидий Назон и древняя Колхида, Тбилиси 1984. n. keWaymaZe, ovidius nazoni
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, Tsu Sromebi 69, 1958.
30 K. Schenkl, Studien zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, SB Wien, phil.-hist.Kl. 68, 1871, 271-382;
W. C. Summers, A study of the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus, Cambridge 1894, 40ff.
31 F. Mehmel, Valerius Flaccus, Diss. Hamburg 1934, 109-119, 130-135.
32 J. Wetzel, Die Gestalt der Medea bei Valerius Flaccus, Diss. Kiel 1957, 3, 102-104, 176f.
22
naxos uSualod sagmiro saqmis Cadenis procesSi da, meore: aieti eqsponi-
rebulia rogorc tipuri tirani, romelic aseTi aSkarad gamoxatuli
TvisebebiT arc apoloniosTan gvxvdeba da, unda aRiniSnos, rom verc
vergiliusTan moiZebneba misi prototipi.33 mmarTvelobisaken swrafva,
egoizmi, sakuTari interesebis qveynis da nebismieri calkeuli pirovnebis
interesebze maRla dayeneba, yovelgvari saSualebis gamoyeneba miznis
misaRwevad, ira da furor – yovelive es uTuod senekaseul tiranis suraTs
mogvagonebs. amdenad flakusis aieti garkveulwilad hgavs kreons: mas ar
surs, daabrunos iasoni, rogorc aiets ar surs sawmisis gacema (Val. Flacc.
5. 261; 6. 19 / Sen Med. 272f., 482, 489). aietis msgavsad, arc is fiqrobs
asulis bedze da arc qveynisaze. rom ar eqorwina xelmeored iasons mis
asulze, medeas SurisZiebis safuZveli aRar eqneboda. aq rTavs swored
flakusi moqmedebis ganviTarebaSi dramatul elementebs. aiets afrTxi-
lebs friqsusis aCrdili, gasces sawmisi, Tumca igi ugulebelyofs rCe-
vas, da, Sesabamisad, ubedurebac ar ayovnebs. senekasTan mimarTebas gviCve-
nebs aseve mTavar personaJTa monologebi. absirtusisa da stirusis (8.
261-284. 335-355), iseve rogorc medeas sityvebi drakonisa (8. 92-108) da
iasonisadmi (8. 45-53. 414-446) senekas tragediebis monologebs mogvagonebs,
ramdenadac yvelgan flakuss saaSkaraoze gamoaqvs adamianis Sinagani
samyaro. gansakuTrebiT gvinda gamovyoT medeas sayvedurebiT aRsavse
sityva iasonisadmi, rodesac iasoni mzad aris, aietis asuli mdevar
kolxebs gadasces. aq gvaxsendeba Sesatyvisi pasaJebi senekas `medeadan~:
sityva kreonisadmi (Sen. Med. 179-300) da iasonisadmi (Sen. Med. 431-578).
mkvlevarTa didi nawilis azriT, seneka, iseve rogorc flakusi,
cdiloben, medeas gaugon, warmogvidgenen mas ara mxolod Tavisi vnebebis
msxverplad, aramed mis gverdiT myofi adamianebis msxverpladac, amiT
garkveulwilad TanaugrZnoben mas da cdiloben, igive SegrZneba aRZran
mkiTxvelSic.34
rac Seexeba varon atacinuss, misi poemis fragmentebis da flakusis
poemis msgavsi adgilebis Sepirispirebis safuZvelze d. feleti midis
33 H. Stadler, Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica VII. Ein Kommentar (Spudasmata 49), Hildesheim/Zürich/New
York, 1993, 5.
34 St. Grewe, Der Einfluß von Senecas Medea auf die Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, ROV III, München
2004, 187.
23
daskvnamde, rom varon atacinusis poemam gamoZaxili ver pova flakusTan:
`Die Fragmente des Varro enthalten keinen Anklang an Valerius Flaccus' Gedicht. Gemeinsam
sind nur unbedeutende Übereinstimmungen, die auf die Grundzüge des erzählten Stoffes oder
der epischen Sprache zurückgeführt werden können. Dagegen zeigen sich grundlegende
Unterschiede sowohl im Inhalt als auch in den formalen Eigenschaften der zwei Gedichte~.35
aqedan gamomdinare, arc Cven SevaCerebT masze yuradRebas da momdevno
qveTavSi ganvixilavT flakusis mniSvnelovan mimarTebas mis elinist
winamorbedTan.
2. flakusi da apolonios rodoseli
SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac ki SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom flakusisaTvis

aSkarad prototips swored apolonios rodoselis poema warmoadgens,
Tumca gvaqvs sakmaod arsebiTi gansxvavebebic; aSkara mimarTeba Tavs
iCens Tavad poemis saTaurSi, poemis struqturaSi, siuJetur elementebsa
da poetur enaSi; rasakvirvelia, yovelive amas emateba TiToeuli am mome-
ntis poeturi interpretaciis xarisxi.
am TavSi detalurad aris ganxiluli apoloniosTan flakusis
poemis msgavseba da gansxvavebis umniSvnelovanesi aspeqtebi.
apolonios rodosels, rogorc Cans, surda, qronologiuri Tanamim-
devrobiT gadmoeca miniebis laSqrobasTan dakavSirebuli yvela movlena
da Seeqmna nawarmoebi, romelic garkveulwilad ìliadisa~ da òdiseas~
motivebis nazavi iqneboda. misi poema, romelic oTxi wignisgan Sedgeba,
struqturulad or Tanabar nawilad iyofa: pirvelSi gadmocemulia mo-
gzauroba kolxidisaken (I da II wignebSi), meoreSi ki kolxidaSi Tavgada-
savali, rac dakavSirebulia oqros sawmisis mopovebasTan; mas mosdevs
argonavtebis ukan dabrunebis marSruti (III da IV wignebi). mcdelobis
miuxedavad, apoloniosma ver moaxerxa kompoziciurad Sekruli poemis
Seqmna, ris gamoc, formis TvalsazrisiT, misi àrgonavtika~ ufro metad
mcire epilionTa nazavs warmoadgens, vidre kompoziciurad Sekrul
erTian eposs. valerius flakusma gaaormaga wignebis raodenoba, Tumca
amiT poemis moculoba ar gazrdila (Ap. Rhod. – 5835 str. / Val. Flacc. – 5631
35 D. Feletti, Valerius Flaccus und die Argonautae des Varro Atacinus, ROV III, München 2004, 112.
24
str.). struqturulad flakusis nawarmoebi SeiZleba or nawilad davyoT,
pirvel nawilSi (I – V. 216) gadmocemulia argonavtebis mgzavroba iolko-
sidan kolxidamde, sadac monacvleobiT gadmocemulia argonavtTa mogza-
urobis da ama Tu im adgilas SeCerebis ambebi, meore nawilSi (V.217 –
VIII) ki – kolxidaSi ganviTarebuli ambebi; Sesabamisad, Txrobis stili
icvleba da intensificirebulia oqros sawmisis mopovebasTan dakavSire-
buli movlenebi. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom pirveli nawilis dasasruli
ar emTxveva uSualod meoTxe wignis simReris dasasruls, aramed moicavs
mexuTe wignis pirvel meoTxedsac. kompoziciis aseTi stili poemis sxva
adgilebTan mimarTebaSic dasturdeba.36 aSkaraa, am SemTxvevaSi flakusi
ar misdevs apolonioss, aramed iyenebs vergiliusiseul princips. vergi-
liusTan poemis meore nawili (Aen. 7. 37) iwyeba 36-e striqonis Semdeg (= 6
× 6), flakusTan (5. 217) ki 216-e striqonis Semdeg (= 6 × 6× 6).37
rogorc cnobilia, orive poema exeba argonavtebis laSqrobas
kolxidaSi, Tumca, Tu apoloniosi, rogorc poeta doctus, cdilobs
mecnieruli sizustiT gadmosces argonavtebis laSqrobis marSruti,
CarTos TxrobaSi sxvadasxva xasiaTis mokle eqskursebi, flakuss
aqcentebi sxva aspeqtze gadaaqvs. marTalia, orive poema iwyeba argo-
navtebis laSqrobis mzadebiT, magram, Tu apoloniosTan mTavrdeba minie-
bis iolkosSi dabrunebiT, flakusis poemis merve Tavi uecrad wydeba iq,
sadac iasoni fiqrobs, medea mdevar kolxebs gadasces. samecniero lite-
raturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda ganviTare-
buliyo moqmedeba da rogori dasasruli unda hqonoda laTinur
versias38. ramdenadac es sakiTxi valerius flakusis kvlevis problemati-
kaSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqtia, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, masze sa-
gangebod SevaCeroT yuradReba.
36 Sdr. E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971, 88, 184-185;
E. Burck, Die Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, in: E. Burck (Hrsg.), Das römische Epos (Grundriß der
Literaturgeschichten nach Gattungen), Darmstadt 1979, 217-218; P. Dräger, C. Valerius Flaccus. Argonautica. Die
Sendung der Argonauten. Lateinisch-Deutsch, Hg., übers. u. komm., Studien zur klassischen Philologie 140,
Frankfurt a.M, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien 2003, 449; G. Manuwald, Die Cyzicus-Episode
und ihre Funktion in den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hypomnemata 127, Göttingen 1999, 11-15.
37 Sdr. F. Mehmel, 1934, 56; W. Schetter, 1959, 300-303; J. Adamietz, 1976, 108-109; H. J.W. Wijsman,
1996, 4; P. Dräger, 2003, 449, 572-573.
38 W.C. Summers, A study of the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus, Cambridge 1894, 7.
25
mecnierTa nawili miiCnevs, rom flakusis àrgonavtika~ 12 wignisa-
gan Sedgeboda. samersi fiqrobs, flakuss apolonios rodoselTan Seda-
rebiT sakmaod unda ganevrco àrgonavtika~, ramdenadac argonavtebs bri-
taneTamde unda mieRwiaT. kidev ufro Sors midis muri, romelic miiCnevs,
rom flakuss Tavis àrgonavtikaSi~ agreTve unda gadmoeca korinTosSi
ganviTarebuli ambebi.39 aris mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac àrgonavtika~
10 wignisgan unda yofiliyo Semdgari.40 mecnierTa didi nawili, romel-
Tac Cvenc vemxrobiT, Tvlis, rom flakusis àrgonavtika~ rva wigns moi-
cavda.41 poemis kompoziciuri analizis safuZvelze j. adamici42 swored
am daskvnamde midis. am Tvalsazriss mxars uWers h.-g. nezelraTi, rome-
lic sakmaod damajerebel argumentacias warmoadgens43, rasac Cven odnav
qvemoT mivubrundebiT.
aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom mecnierebi arc im sakiTxze arian
erTsulovanni, Tu ratom aris merve wigni nakluli. nawili miiCnevs, rom
es poetis uecarma gardacvalebam ganapiroba, am Tvalsazriss warmoad-
gens h. m. purtvlie: „No, Valerius Flaccus did not apply the last file to the Argonautica. He
probably did not even get any further than line 467 of book 8, but died shortly after he had
written me talie velle“,44 nawili ki Tvlis, rom mas arc hqonia ganzraxuli, ga-
egrZelebina Txroba. adamici aRniSnavs: „Daß sich der verlorene bzw. nicht mehr
geschaffene Schluß des Werkes auf die Auseinandersetzung bei der Insel Peuce konzentrierte
und dann verhältnismäßig rasch die Heimkehr erfolgte“.45
axla ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT flakusis àrgonavtikis~
ukanaskneli striqonebi: kolxididan gamgzavrebis Semdeg argonavtebi
SeCerdnen istrosis SesarTavTan, kunZul pevkeze, sadac iasonisa da
39 C.H. Moore, Prophecy in the Ancient Epic, Harvard Studies of Classical Philology 32, 1921, 166.
40 J. Soubiran, Valerius Flaccus. Argonautiques. Introduction, Texte et traduction rythmée, Notes et Index
(Bibliothèque d'études classiques 33), Louvan, Paris, Dudley (Ma) 2002, 32-35.
41 W. Schetter, Die Buchzahl der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Philologus 103, 1959, 297-308; E.
Frank, The Structure of Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, CB 43, 1967, 38-39; G. Liberman, Valerius Flaccus.
Argonautiques Texte établi et traduit, 2 vol. (CUF lat. 340/369), Paris 1997/2002, 24-48; F. Caviglia, Valerio
Flacco. Le Argonautiche, introduzione, traduzione e note (BUR Classici greci e Latini), Milano 1999, 17-19.
42 J. Adamietz, Zur Komposition der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus (Zetemata 67), München 1976, 107-
113.
43 H.-G. Nesselrath, Jason und Absyrtus – Überlegungen zum Ende von Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica, in:
Ratis omnia vincet. Neue Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, hg. v. U. Eigler, E. Lefèvre,
München 1998, 347-354.
44 H.M. Poortvliet, Valerius Flaccus and the last file, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 43.
45 J. Adamietz, op. cit. 113.
26
medeas qorwineba unda Sedges. argonavtebis simSvides moaxlovebuli ko-
lxi mdevrebi arRveven. maT absirtusi meTaurobs, romelsac miznad aqvs
argonavtebis ganadgureba (8. 270-275). iunos CareviT uecrad atexili gri-
galis gamo kolxebi ver axerxeben argonavtebTan miaxlovebas. SeSfoTe-
buli argonavtebi iasons arwmuneben, rom medea kolxebs gadasces (8.
387f.). iasoni meryeobs, Tumca, bolos da bolos, amjobinebs, argonavtebis
nebas dahyves (8. 404-408). medea grZnobs moaxlovebul safrTxes (8. 415-444)
da iasons sayvedurebiT avsebs, es ukanaskneli Tavis marTlebas cdilobs
da mis mier warmoTqmuli pirveli striqonis Semdeg (mene aliquid metuisse
putas? me talia velle?, 8. 467) teqsti wydeba.
Tu winamdebare wignebis moculobas gaviTvaliswinebT (I – 850; II –
664; III – 740; IV – 762; V – 695; VI – 800; VII – 653), Cvenamde arasruli
saxiT moRweul merve wigns, romelic 467 striqons moicavs, savaraudod,
kidev 400-500-mde striqoni mosdevda. Sesabamisad, is informacia, rac
apolonios rodoselTan sakmaod vrcel adgils iWers (1400 str.),
laTinur versiaSi ostaturad unda yofiliyo akumulirebuli. am bolo
dros samecniero literaturaSi gaziarebulia Tvalsazrisi, rom sakmaod
daZabuli mdgomareoba, sadac flakusis eposi wydeba, unda ganmuxtuliyo
absirtusis sikvdiliT da praqtikulad amis Semdeg unda dasrulebuliyo
kidec nawarmoebi.46 garkveulwilad flakuss vergiliusiseuli dasasru-
li unda gaeziarebina. rogorc èneida~ mTavrdeba turnusis daZleviT da
sikvdiliT, romelic eneasis fata-s asrulebas uSlis xels, aseve unda
yofiliyo flakusis eposSi absirtusis faqtori iasonis ukanaskneli
dabrkoleba, romelic mas xels uSlida samSobloSi dabrunebaSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, apolonios rodoselTan vrclad warmodgenili
argonavtebis ukan dabrunebis epizodebi sakmaod reducirebulia da kon-
centrirebulia flakusTan an saerTod ar aris warmodgenili ufunqci-
obis gamo. mokled gadavavloT Tvali am epizodebs:
qorwili feakebTan: apoloniosTan mdevar kolxTa ori jgufia
warmodgenili (Ap. Rhod. IV 303-328), flakusTan – erTi. apoloniosTan
46 H.-G. Nesselrath, Jason und Absyrtus – Überlegungen zum Ende von Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica, in:
Ratis omnia vincet. Neue Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, hg. v. U. Eigler, E. Lefèvre,
München 1998, 349.
27
afsirtosi argonavtebs eweva jer kidev istrosis SesarTavSi Sesvlamde.
meore jgufi ki maT mihyveba feakebis kunZulamde, rac iasonisa da medeas
qorwinebas aCqarebs. ramdenadac flakusTan iasonisa da medeas qorwili
istrosis SesarTavTan, kunZul pevkeze xdeba da masTan saerTod ar arse-
bobs mdevar kolxTa meore jgufi, SegviZlia davuSvaT, rom flakusTan
arc iyo dagegmili feakebTan argonavtebis misvla, ramdenadac wina-
aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es funqcias moklebuli iqneboda.47
kirke: apoloniosTan kirkes ekisreba funqcia, ganwmindos medea da
iasoni Secodebisgan, rac afsirtosis mkvlelobiT Caidines. Tu imas
davuSvebT, rom absirtusis mkvleloba flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~, ène-
idis~ msgavsad, aris fata-s ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli, maSin
kirkesTan misvlis epizodic kargavs Tavis funqcias. garda amisa, meSvide
wignSi kirkes saxiT venusi moevlineba medeas da mas iasonis sakeTil-
dReod ganawyobs, ase rom, albaT Semdgom kidev kirkes CarTva ufunqcio
iqneboda. am konteqstidan gamomdinare, Cans, rom kirke imyofeba medeasTan
anu kolxidaSi da, Sesabamisad, gamoricxulia, davuSvaT, rom medea da
iasoni absirtusis mkvlelobis Semdeg kirkesTan wavidodnen.
e. w. òdiseas~ epizodebi: ris aRwerasac saguldagulod ekideba
apoloniosi, ramdenadac Tavis poemaSi mraval eTnografiulsa Tu
etiologiur eqskurss rTavs, nakleb sayuradRebod miiCnevs flakusi.
masTan ukan dabrunebis zRapruli Tavgadasavali sagrZnoblad aris re-
ducirebuli. romaeli epikosi gacilebiT met yuradRebas uTmobs kavka-
siis geografiis da eTnografiuli masalis eqsponirebas, rasac aietsa da
persess Soris kolxidaSi momxdari omis fonze warmogvidgens (am
saintereso informaciis mxatvrulad gadmocemas eTmoba masTan mexuTe
wignis umetesi nawili da mTlianad meeqvse wigni).
dabrunebis marSruti: argonavtebis Tqmulebis damamuSavebel
nawarmoebebSi argos samSobloSi dabrunebis gansxvavebuli marSrutebi
arsebobs, rac, bunebrivia, ama Tu im epoqis mwerlisaTvis xelmisawvdom
istoriul-geografiul codnas areklavda, Sesabamisad, geografiuli
arealis gazrda iwvevda am sferoSi codnis gafarToebas da amasTan
erTad xdeboda am informaciis saxecvalebac. dabrunebis yvelaze mokle
47 J. Adamietz, op. cit. 111.
28
marSruti hgavs gamgzavrebis marSruts, anu ukan Sav zRvaSi gasvla da
simplegadebs Soris gacurva. valeriusma es marSruti Tavidanve Secvala,
rodesac mesaWe erginusis piriT am mimarTulebiT curva SeuZleblad
gamoacxada (8.180-183), masTan argonavtebma ar ician, rom simplegadebi ukve
aRar moZraoben. erginusi miuTiTebs istrusis SesarTavze da, amdenad,
flakusi arsebiTad mihyveba apoloniosis marSruts. valeriusis
droisaTvis saocrad gazrdilia romis Tvalsawieri dasaxlebuli samya-
ros Sesaxeb, romaelebis mier istrosis dapyrobam isic cxadyo, rom
aranairi kavSiri mdinaris saSualebiT ar arsebobs adriatikis zRvasa da
istross Soris. Cndeba kiTxva: ratom airCevda iseT marSruts flakusi,
romlis usafuZvlobac misTvis im droisaTvis ukve cnobili iqneboda.
hainc-giunTer nezelraTis azriT, miuxedavad imisa, rom flakusma kargad
uwyoda, rom realuri geografiuli monacemebi ar Seesabameboda mis mier
moTxrobils, mainc apoloniosis marSruti airCia istrosis gavliT,
Tumca, garkveuli modifikaciiT. amas imiT asabuTebs, rom, savaraudod,
iasonis mier absirtusis daZlevis Semdeg, flakusi, albaT, saerTod aRar
gaagrZelebda momdevno punqtebis CamoTvlas.48
advili warmosadgenia, Tu ra rTuli misiis winaSe idga flakusi
poemis Seqmnisas. mas unda gaeTvaliswinebina mdidari literaturuli
tradicia, romelic misi eposis Seqmnas uZRoda win da amasTanave unda
moexerxebina, individualuri yofiliyo yvelasaTvis cnobili Temis
damuSavebisas.
misdevs Tu ara romaeli poeti berZnul paradigmas da ramdenad
originaluria igi tradiciuli ambis damuSavebisas? albaT, es aris is
ZiriTadi kiTxva, romelsac valerius flakusis poema aRZravs. unda aRini-
Snos, rom berZnulma modelma valerius flakusTan marTlac ganicada
garkveuli saxecvlileba, oRond es naklebad Seexo poemis Sinaarsobriv
mxares da ZiriTadad gmirTa moqmedebis motivaciaTa cvlilebaSi aisaxa.
albaT, pirvel rigSi, swored tradiciad qceul motivaciaTa transforma-
cia aris is, rac valerius flakusis Txzulebas originalursa da sainte-
resos xdis.
48 H.-G. Nesselrath, op. cit. 353-4.
29
rogorc ukve iTqva, sruliad gansxvavebul WrilSi moCans iasonis ga-
dawyvetileba, rodesac igi saxifaTo laSqrobisTvis emzadeba. romauli
sazogadoebisaTvis iasonis siqveleSi sarwmunooba rom Seemata, flakusi
Tavis eposSi rTavs axal epizods – persessa da aiets Soris momxdar oms.
saxelisaken swrafva – am ideiT aris gamsWvaluli iasoni da TviT
argonavtebi. flakusTan gansxvavebulad aris motivirebuli medeas saqci-
eli, rodesac igi ucxotomels exmareba. medea aRSfoTebulia mamis usamar-
TlobiT, romelmac stumrisTvis micemuli sityva gatexa. sainteresod aris
gadawyvetili absirtusis scenac, tradiciis Tanaxmad, medeam satrfos mci-
rewlovani Zma aakuwina. valerius flakusi ki mas mamac, daundobel,
ubadlo meomrad warmogvidgens, romelic iasonsac emuqreba da mis samSob-
losac (8. 270-9).49 marTalia, aq flakusis poema wydeba da absirtusis mkvle-
loba aRwerili aRar aris, magram mkiTxvelisTvis cxadia, rom iasoni misi
mokvliT mxolod sakuTar Tavs ki ara, samSoblosac daicavs.
ramdenadac calke TavSi dawvrilebiT vimsjelebT medeas, aietisa
da absirtusis Sesaxeb, amjerad yuradRebas iasonze SevaCerebT; flakusi
am personaJs apolonios rodoselisagan da mTeli miTografiuli tradi-
ciisagan ramdenadme gansxvavebulad warmogvidgens. misi iasoni sakmaod
racionalurad moqmedebs, saRad afasebs Seqmnil mdgomareobas da
umeteswilad swor gadawyvetilebamde midis da, rac yvelaze mTavaria,
igi xSir SemTxvevaSi iniciativas sakuTar Tavze iRebs. is arsebiTi
Strixi, rac iasons apolonios rodoselis mier warmodgenili persona-
Jisgan gamoarCevs, aris racionalurad msjelobis unari, swrafi reagire-
ba rTul situaciaSi, mobilizeba, iniciativis xelSi aReba – yovelive es
sruliad ucxoa apolonios rodoselis iasonisaTvis.
SeiZleba Tavisuflad iTqvas, rom iasoni ubadlo oratoria.
rodesac is sityvas warmoTqvams, axerxebs gonivruli aqcentebis dasmas,
ori SesaZlo variantidan xelsayreli versiis arCevas; rodesac esonidi
peliasisgan rTul davalebas moismens, gansjis, rom ar Seefereba uaris
Tqma, amitom unda dasTanxmdes mefes, Tumca amasTanave imasac moisazrebs,
49 Sdr. gv. 162.
30
rac peliass rTul situaciaSi Caagdebs (1.152-155).50 am mizniT daiyoliebs
iasoni mefis vaJs (sagulisxmoa, rom apolonios rodoselTan akastusi
Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT midis salaSqrod) gahyves Soreul naosnobaSi.
mis mier akastusis mimarT warmoTqmul sityvaSi ramdenime mniSvnelovan
faqtorze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas: 1. maqsimalurad moqmedebs mis Tav-
moyvareobaze: ambobs, rom arc telamoni arc kanTusi, arc idasi da arc
tindaridi ise ar imsaxurebs oqros sawmiss rogorc akastusi (1.166-7); 2.
spekulirebs saxelis ukvdavebis TemiT: `rodesac me ukan davbrundebi,
Sen Segrcxveba, Cvens saxelovan saqmeebis Sesaxeb rom Seityob, roca
ucxo xalxebis Sesaxeb movyvebi, Sen guli dagwydeba~. rogorc ukve aR-
vniSneT, iasoni sakmaod lakonuri sityviT aRwevs sasurvel Sedegs: am
sityvebis Semdeg akastusi hpirdeba iasons, rom mamas gamoepareba da
salaSqrod mas gahyveba. ufro metic, iasonis sityvebma imdenad imoqmedes
mis pativmoyvareobaze, rom akastusi madlobasac ki uxdis, imisaTvis, rom
saSualebas aZlevs siqveleSi Tavis gamoiCinos (1. 174ff).
iasonis karg oratorobaze metyvelebs is faqtic, rom mas SeuZlia
saWiro dros Sesaferisi sityvis Tqma: argonavtebis gamgzavrebis win
mopsusi da idmoni or erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul misnobas iZlevian:51
mopsusi sakmaod bnel ferebSi warmoadgens argonavtebis mosalodnel
xvedrs, idmonis ki piriqiT, gacilebiT ufro imedis momcemia; saguli-
sxmoa, rom iasoni yuradRebas swored idmonis misnobaze amaxvilebs da
mimarTavs jars: `rogorc SeityveT RvTaebaTa neba, Zala moikribeT da
mamaTa Tavdajerebuloba gamoiCineT. me ar msurs gavkicxo Tesalieli
mmarTvelis ganzraxva an mzakvruli eSmakoba. RvTaeba mogviwodebs keTi-
li niSniT. TviT iupiters surs miwaze laSqroba da rom adamianebs rTu-
li saqme hqondeT. momyeviT, am saqmeebs mere gavixsenebT, rac samomavlod
waaqezebs Cvens Svilebsac~ (1.241ff.).
iasoni yovelTvis axerxebs sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad Tavisi
azris damalvasa da SeniRbvas: friqsusis sakurTxevelTan da heles keno-
50 miuxedavad imisa, rom iasonma icis, SesaZloa, ubedureba mis axloblebs

daatydeT Tavs da gamgzavrebisTanave saSineli winaTgrZnoba ipyrobs (1.693-699), mainc ar
cvlis gadawyvetilebas.
51 E. Lefèvre, "Die Opfer-Szene im ersten Buch (1,184-254) und das Iason-Bild in Valerius Flaccus'
Argonautica" in M. Korn and H.J. Tschiedel (edd.), Ratis omnia vincet. Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des
Valerius Flaccus, Hildesheim 1991, 173-180.
31
tafTan (5.194-209) warmoTqmul sityvaSi misTvis `saSiSi da saZulveli~
mxare Semkobilia iseTi epiTetebiT, rom aSkaraa, iasoni am SemTxvevaSic
ar avlens sakuTar ganwyobas. Tavidan aqcents akeTebs naTesaobaze da
mfarvelobasa da Semweobas sTxovs friqsuss am ucxo qveyanaSi. heles
eubneba, kvlav rodis eRirseba mis zRvaSi gacurva da rodis ixilavs
zRva kvlav oqros sawmiss. kolxidas moixseniebs rogorc `stumarTmoyva-
re sanapiros~ da sTxovs aCvenos, Tu sad mdebareobs oqros sawmisi, fa-
siss moixseniebs ìupiteris Zed~ (mxolod am adgilas 5.204) da adarebs
did enipevss. komplimentebs ar iSurebs medeasTvisac, rodesac is pirve-
lad Sexvdeba qalwuls (5.378-390):52 `qalRmerTi xar, maRali olimpos mSve-
neba, Tavisuflebis moyvarulT miyavxar kavkasiel nimfebs TavianT mdina-
reebTan, Seni saxli Tu miwazea da aq aris Seni modgma, bednieri bavSvis
mSoblebi da bednieri is, vinc saxlSi wagiyvans da daiwindeba Senze ma-
radJams. magram daexmare, dedofalo, mamac ucxoelTa laSqars, warmosa-
degi berZnebi viTxovT TavSesafars, wagviyvane Tqvens mbrZanebelTan, vinc
ar unda iyos igi, gTxov, gvaswavle, rodis davelaparakoT da rogor. me
ucxoels gasaWirSi RmerTma gamomigzavna Seni Tavi. Sen mogandobT
yvelafers, rac gvabadia~. qeba ise kargad moqmedebs medeaze, rom kolxi
qalwuli TviTon miaswavlis iasons aietis sasaxlisaken mimaval gzas.
iasoni medeas komplimentebiT avsebs maSinac, rodesac mefis asuli
xarebis dauRlvaSi gauwevs daxmarebas; xotbas asxams, rom misi
mgzavrobis erTaderTi mizezia, udidesi saganZuria, romelic samSoblo-
Si mihyveba, ra mosatania aq oqros sawmisi, misi xomaldisaTvis xom isic
sakmarisia, rom is ipova:
'o decus in nostros magnum ventura penates
solaque tantarum virgo haud indigna viarum
causa reperta mihi, <iam>iam non ulla requiro
vellera teque meae satis est vexisse carinae (8.37-40)
mxolod amis Semdeg amJRavnebs iasoni Tavis namdvil survils, rom mas
surs, medea oqros sawmisis mopovebaSic daexmaros:
verum age et hoc etiam, quando potes, adice tantis
52 bunebrivia, aq gvaxsendeba cnobili scena òdiseadan~, rodesac odisevsi

navsikaas xvdeba.
32
muneribus meritisque tuis. namque aurea iussi
terga referre sumus (8. 41-43)53
Tumca aq imas SeniSnavs, rom ara mxolod sakuTari TavisaTvis iRwvis,
aramed `megzurebis saxelisaTvis~ socios ea gloria tangit (37-43).
yvelaze efeqturad iasoni, udavod, kolxidaSi aris eqsponirebu-
li;54 mivyveT movlenebs Tanamimdevrulad:
argonavtebi kolxidaSi CasvlisTanave sakmaod rTuli amocanis
winaSe aRmoCndnen. ar ician, rogor warsdgnen aietis winaSe da gamoTqvan
TavianTi Txovna. iasoni amCnevs Tavisi Tanamgzavrebis Secbunebas, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom TviTonac ar aris mTlad Tavis TavSi darwmunebuli,
axdens maT mobilizebas, upirveles yovlisa, imisi gaTviTcnobierebiT,
rom maT uamravi safrTxe gamoiares zRvaze da miaRwies im mxares, rome-
lic maT winaprebsac ki SiSs hgvrida; miniebis daZabunebis gansaqarveb-
lad iasoni iseT rameebsac ki ambobs, risi TviTonac ar sjera, Tanam-
gzavrebs amxnevebs, rom aietis samyofeli sulac ar aris Suagul Crdi-
loeTSi, aramed mziani mxarea da arc misi mmarTveli unda iyos saSiSi
kaci:
'quod primum ingentibus ausis
optavistis' ait 'veterumque quod horruit aetas,
adsumus en tantumque fretis enavimus orbem.
nec pelagi nos mille viae nec fama fefellit
Soligenam Aeeten media regnare sub Arcto.
ergo ubi lux altum sparget mare, tecta petenda
urbis et ignoti mens experienda tyranni.
adnuet ipse, reor, neque <in>exorabile certe
quod petimus. sin vero preces et dicta superbus
respuerit, iam nunc animos firmate repulsae
quaque via patriis referamus vellera terris,
stet potius: rebus semper pudor absit in artis.' (5.313-324)55
53
`magram modi, Sen xom SegiZlia, esec daumate yvela Sens damsaxurebas da ZRvens:
oqros sawmisi unda Cavitano samSobloSi~.
54 im momentamde, vidre igi aietis tradiciul davalebas miiRebs. aqedan
moyolebuli flakusis iasoni kvlav apolonios rodoselis iasons emsgavseba. es,
albaT, imiTac aris ganpirobebuli, rom aq flakusi Zalian ver daSordeboda
tradiciul siuJets.
33
vfiqrobT, iasonis oratoruli niWi yvelaze metad aietisadmi mimarTul
pirvel sityvaSi gamovlinda (5.471-518). igi sakmaod ostaturad agebs
sityvas, sworad svams aqcentebs:
a) iasonma kargad icis, rom Seqeba da komplimentebi sasiamovnod
moqmedebs msmenelze: sityvis dasawyisSi aiets uwodebs hiperionis Zes rex
Hyperionide (471), RmerTebma swored is gaxades Rirsi, rom yofiliyo sana-
osno laSqrobis wamowyebis mizezi quem per freta tanta petendum/caelicolae et prima
dignum statuere carina (471-2); sityvis Sua nawilSi SeniSnavs, rom aieti mas ar
miaCnia iseT usamarTlo mefed, rogoradac peliasma dausaxa, aramed misi
samarTlianobis imedi aqvs (491-494); sityvis dasasrulsac ar iviwyebs
kompliments: Cemma mefem gangeb airCia Seni qveyana civi kavkasiis mxare,
romelic Seni mmarTvelobis qveS lamazad viTardeba quem te horrifero sortitus
in axe / Caucasus atque tuis quantum mitescat habenis (517-518).
b) informacias iZleva sakuTari warmomavlobis Sesaxeb: aRniSnavs,
rom friqsusis modgmis arian (473-478, 499-500), axsenebs aseve aietis
SviliSvilebs, romlebic aseve naTesavebad ergebaT orive mxares. iasoni
yuradRebas amaxvilebs Tavis damsaxurebebsa da sakuTar Zlevamosileba-
ze: izruna xomaldis agebaze, gmirebis moxmobaze; bebrikTa qveyanaSic ki,
rodesac maTma mefem stumarTmoyvareoba ar gamoiCina, sakadrisad azRve-
vina, rom iasoni da misi megzurebi RvTiuri sisxlisani arian, xomalds
ki minerva mfarvelobs (495-504). ufro metic, iasoni Tavis Tavs alkids
adarebs (479-488), rogorc evrisTevsma alkids, msgavsad misca mas
peliasma rTuli davaleba.
g) mxolod amis Semdeg gaandobs iasoni aiets sakuTar survils:
`bolos da bolos movaRwieT kolxidas, da gxedavT Sen iseTs, rogoric
gadmocemiT vicodiT (505-506). ar ganurisxde miniebs, radgan ar viTxov
arafers CvenTvis ucxos, rac ar egebis Cvens qveyanas, Tu vedrebebSi
55
`rasac adre ase gabedulad eswrafodiT da rac ase SiSs hgvrida winaparTa
modgmas, aq varT yvela, davipyariT zRviT uzarmazari sivrceebi, ar dagvWirvebia
xangrZlivi mgzavroba, arc is yofila marTali, rom aieti Suagul CrdiloeTSi mefobs,
aq mze anaTebs, unda gavemarToT qalaqSi, gamoviZioT ucxo mmarTvelis buneba. vfiqrob,
namdvilad ar gvetyvis uars, iseTic xom araferi gvsurs, rac SeuZlebelia. im
SemTxevevaSi, Tu Txovnaze amayad uars gvetyvis, guli SeimzadeT amisTvis, movifiqroT,
Tu ra gziT davabrunebT sawmiss samSobloSi, sircxvili Sors aseT rTul saqmeSi~.
34
samarTali arsebobs, damijere, rom igi friqsuss miecema da friqsusi
miitans mamiseul penatebTan~ (505-510).
d) iasons ar aviwydeba ZRvenis boZebac: aiets miarTmevs yvelaze
Zvirfas, mSoblebis mier naCuqar aRvirs, mocimcime TvlebiT mooWvil
xmals da dedis mier moqargul teneriuli brinjaos feris qlamiss,
romelzec gamosaxuli iyo mojiriTe lapiTi (511-515).
sainteresoa, ra reaqcia aqvs iasons, aietis Txovnaze, daexmaros mas
persesis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. igi Tavzardacemulia, rom zRvaze amdeni
siZnelis gadalaxvis Semdeg, iZulebulia kvlav omze ifiqros, Tumca ise
aSfoTebs persesis saqcieli, romelic garkveulwilad mas dabrkolebas
uqmnis, rom Tanaxmaa aietis gamowveva miiRos: `rTuli davaleba aqac ar
gvaklia, zRvaze Wirvaramnaxulebs aseTi dRec wamogvewia, omi aris Cemi
bediswera. persesma ara naklebad unda zRos samagiero SerkinebebiT Cemi
Seferxebisa da xelis SeSlisaTvis~ (5.542-546) _ eubneba igi aiets.
rodesac iasons sawmisis miRebis imedi gaucruvdeba da aietisgan
axal davalebas miiRebs (7.35-77), rTul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeba. uzo-
mod didia esonidis mrisxaneba (maesta stabat defixus in ira, 7. 82), Tumca am Sem-
TxvevaSic axerxebs igi Tavis Sekavebas, Rirseul pasuxs scems mefes da
yuradRebas imaze amxvilebs, rom misTvis mTavaria saxelis moxveWa, Rir-
seuli sikvdili da ara uaris Tqma micemul rTul davalebaze:
'non' ait 'hos reditus, non hanc, Aeeta, dedisti
spem Minyis cum prima tuis pro moenibus arma
induimus. quo versa fides? quos vestra volutant
iussa dolos? alium hic Pelian, alia aequora cerno.
quin agite [et] hoc omnes odiisque urgete tyranni
imperiisque caput: numquam mihi dextera nec spes
defuerit. mos iussa pati nec cedere duris.
unum oro, seu me illa suis seges obruet hastis
hauriet adverso seu crastinus ignis hiatu,
nuntius hinc saevas Peliae mittatur ad aures
hic periisse viros et me, si vestra fuisset
35
ulla fides, reducem patriae potuisse referri.' (7. 89-100)56
iasoni pirobis dacvas rom ufrTxildeba, maSinac Cans, rodesac
medea colad mohyavs, mxolod imitom, rom sityva misca. unda aRiniSnos,
rom valerius flakusTan, imdenad ramdenadac mdevari kolxebi ar iTxo-
ven medeas dabrunebas, moxsnilia saCqaro qorwinebis motivaciac. kol-
xididan gamgzavrebis Semdeg, vidre kolxi mdevrebi gamoCndebian, manamde
iqorwineben isini kunZul pevkeze, mxolod imitom, rom medeas Sehpirda
iasoni da sityvas ver gatexda da, albaT, imitomac, rom maTi urTierTo-
bebisaTvis megzurebis TvalSi legitimuri xasiTi mieca (ac primum socios
ausus sua pacta docere | promissamque fidem thalami foedusque iugale, 8. 221-2). Tu
apolonios rodoselTan medeas kolxebisaTvis gadacemis saqmes mefe
alkinoosi wyvets, anu aq iasons Suamavali hyavs, flakusTan mas TviTon
uwevs gadawyvetilebis miReba. erTi mxriv, man unda gaiTvaliswinos
megzurebis (sociis, 404) azri da, meore mxriv, sikvdili urCevnia Tavisi
cxovrebis megzuris safrTxeSi Cagdebas (...mortemque cupit sociamque pericli |
cogitat, 8. 403-4), magram erTic cxadia, rom man gadawyvetileba unda miiRos
da ganaCeni gamoaqvs Tanamgzavrebis sasargeblod, is iyo man daapira
Tavisi gadawyvetilebis Tqma miniebisaTvis, rom qariSxali dawynarda da
maT SesaZlebloba miecaT gaegrZelebinaT mgzavroba, iasonmac Tavisi
mZime gadawyvetileba aRar gaamxila (8. 406-407). flakusi am momentSic
iasons Rirseul pozicias unarCunebs; marTalia, medea mainc xvdeba iaso-
nis ganwyobas, Tumca Tu rogor imarTla Tavi iasonma medeas gasakicx
sityvaze, samwuxarod teqstis Cvenamde mouRwevlobis gamo, ucnobia.
unda aRiniSnos erTi garemoebac: vidre iasoni medeas sTxovs
daxmarebas oqros sawmisis mopovebis Taobaze, igi udavod gmirisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli TvisebebiT aris aRWurvili, magram sakmarisia, man medeas
sTxovos daxmareba, masze damokidebuli xdeba da garkveulwilad kargavs
56 àseT imeds ar maZlevdi aiet, maSin, rodesac upirvelesni viRebdiT xelSi

iaraRs Sens kedlebTan. sad gaqra erTguleba? ra eSmakobas malavs Tqveni [aietis da
peliasis] sityva? me aq kvlav vxedav peliass da Semdgom mgzavrobas. yvela tirani
siZulviliTa da brZanebebiT maviwrovebT. magram arasodes momecareba marjvena da
imedi. me miCveuli var brZaneba Sevasrulo, advils gverdi avuqcio. erTs gTxov,
rodesac is xnulidan aRmocenebuli maxvils Camcems an xval Semmusravs mtruli
xaxidan amosuli cecxli, macne gaugzavne, peliasis mrisxane yurebs miswvdes, rom aq
daiRupnen gmirebi da neba mieci saxlSi wamasvenon~.
36
Rirsebas. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom ramdenadac aq ukve tradiciul
davalebasTan gvaqvs saqme, flakusma gangeb aarida Tavi zedmet trans-
formacias da am nawilSi, anu tradiciuli davalebis Sesrulebis
momentSi, iasoni marTlac apolonios rodoselis iasons mogvagonebs.
Tumca is, rom flakusis iasoni ar warmoadgens moralurad uzado gmirs,
ar qmnis Seusabamobas, piriqiT is maqsimalurad aris miaxlovebuli Tavisi
adamianuri sisusteebiT Cveulebriv mokvdavTan. iasoni arc unda iyos
srulyofilebis nimuSi: is arc RmerTebis Svilia da arc romaeli. erTi
aSkaraa, flakusi cdilobs, moaxdinos iasonis, rogorc gmiris reabili-
tacia, CamoaSoros an Searbilos iseTi Tvisebebi, rac gmirs ar Sehferis,
da aRWurvos axali TvisebebiT. Sesabamisad, iasonis xasiaTSi Tavs iCens
iseTi Strixebi, rasac flakusamdel literaturul tradiciaSi parale-
li ar moepoveba.
es rac Seexeboda mTavar gmirTa motivaciebs, axla Tvali
gadavavloT tradiciul siuJetur elementebs. valerius flakusisTvis,
erTi mxriv, mniSvnelovani iyo istoriul-geografiuli informacia, rome-
lic Cadebuli iyo argonavtebis miTSi, radganac es, rogorc aRiniSna,
exmianeboda romis imperiis eqspansias anatoliasa da SavizRvispireTSi,
amave dros, rogorc mwerlisTvis, saintereso iyo wminda mxatvruli as-
peqtic. marTlac, mravalplaniani Tqmuleba, daxunZluli faTerakebiani
mogzaurobis, ZalauflebisTvis brZolisa da trfobis motivebiT, imTa-
viTve saukeTeso masala unda yofiliyo SemoqmedisTvis. valerius
flakusma Seqmna poema, romelic TiTqosda erTmaneTisgan damoukidebeli,
magram erTmaneTTan mWidrod gadawnuli ambebisgan Sedgeba. marTalia,
misi poemac, rogorc apolonios rodoselis eposi, linearuli xasiaTi-
saa, anu warmogvidgens eqspediciis dasawyiss da ama Tu im adgilas
SeCerebis ambebs, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, flakusis poemas amTlianebs
mTavari idea – sazRvao gzis gaxsna da sxva xalxebTan dakavSirebis
SesaZlebloba, Sesabamisad, masTan ukana planze inacvlebs oqros
sawmisis Tema. igi scildeba viwro CarCoebs da iupiteris samyaros gegmis
saxiT gvTavazobs axal koncefcias. TavisTavad translatio imperii-s idea
axali ar aris da dasturdeba antikur istoriografosebTan, magram
argonavtebis Temaze am koncefciis morgeba swored flakusis novatoro-
37
baa. flakusis Txzulebas gansxvavebul elfers aniWebs isic, rom poetma
gamotova zogierTi epizodi (glavkosis epizodi, herakles brZola geas
naSierebTan, aresis kunZulze friqsosis Svilebis gadarCena da maTi
Suamdgomloba aietTan kolxidaSi, argonavtTa Tavgadasavali egeosis
zRvaSi da sxv.) da gantvirTa poema mravali mosawyeni, skrupulozuri
detalisgan. meore mxriv, ki Caamata zogierTi iseTi epizodi, romelic
saerTod ar gvxvdeba apolonios rodoselTan, an, Tu gvxvdeba, akumuli-
rebuli saxiT da moqmedebis ganviTarebisaTvis aranairi daniSnuleba ar
aqvs: magaliTad, hesiones ganTavisufleba, esonisa da alkimedes si-
kvdili, persesisa da aietis omi kolxidaSi. romaeli poetis mxatvruli
teqnika rTulia da amave dros, daxvewili. is axerxebs imgvarad aagos
Txroba, rom mkiTxvels erTgvari ukmarisobis gancda daeuflos, moTxro-
bili ambavi Tavis TavSi ar amoiwuros, daumTavrebeli darCes da
gaaRvivos Semdgomi interesi. amgvar `Sewyvetil~ ambebs poeti, rogorc
wesi, Semdeg kvlav agrZelebs. aseTia Tundac medeas siyvarulis amsaxve-
li metad lakonuri scena (7. 1-25), romelic odnav mogvianebiT iSleba da
viTardeba (7. 103-140). ar SeiZleba aqve ar vaxsenoT flakusis midrekile-
ba, Semoifarglos mxolod miniSnebebiT, iTvaliswinebs ra, rom mis
àrgonavtikas~ am TemaSi kargad gaTviTcnobierebuli mkiTxveli ecnoba.
aseTi adgilebi bundovania da, rig SemTxvevaSi, Zneli amosacnobia, Tu
romel wyaros eyrdnoba avtori an romeli wyaros variacias gvTavazobs.
gansakuTrebiT xSiria masTan antonomasiebi. a. m., pirvel wignSi
moxseniebuli Thracius ... sacerdos (I. 85) eWvgareSea, rom flakusi aq orfevss
gulisxmobs, Tumca es ise ar unda gavigoT, rom orfevsi flakusTan
qurumis funqcias asrulebs. aSkaraa flakusi cdilobs, Zalian ar da-
Sordes tradiciul versias, amdenad frTxilad ekideba istoriul-
geografiul informacias. gacilebiT ufro Tavisufalia igi ama Tu im
siuJeturi elementis interpretaciisas. aq Tvals gadavavlebT mniSvnelo-
van epizodebs, romlebic apoloniosTan mimarTebaSi sxvaobas gviCvenebs,
erT SemTxvevaSi, Tu flakusi minimalurad amoklebs ambavs, meore Sem-
TxvevaSi, ganavrcobs mas mTeli Tavisi poeturi STagonebiT.
38
• friqsusisa da heles ambavi57
flakusi arsebiTad mihyveba berZen winamorbeds friqsusisa da heles
ambis gadmocemisas, Tumca Secvlilia maTTan dakavSirebuli motivaciebi
da funqcia. peliasi friqsusis ambavs iyenebs imisaTvis, rom iasons dau-
sabuTos kolxidaSi laSqrobis aucilebloba. mouTxrobs iasons, rom
aietma nadimis dros mokla friqsusi, rom xSirad xedavs sizmrad sevdian
ymawvils, romelic mas SurisZiebisaken mouwodebs; amasve sTxovs helec
(1. 41-52; Sdr. 64-66). amitom moxuci mefe, romelsac uwindeburad Zala
aRar Seswevs, axalgazrda da Zlevamosil Zmiswuls avalebs, aRasrulos
sagmiro saqme da waarTvas aiets oqros sawmisi. Tumca, rogorc cnobi-
lia, flakusis mixedviT, realurad aiets danaSauli ar Caudenia
friqsusis mimarT. piriqiT, didi pativiT miiRo, sakuTari asuli miaTxova
colad; gadaafiqrebina gadawyvetileba, Suri eZia dedinacval inoze
(1.520-524). poemidan imasac vityobT, rom rodesac mxcovani friqsusi
gardaicvala, pativiT dakrZales kolxidaSi (5.185f.). motivacias isic
aZlierebs, rom aTamasi valerius flakusTan aris kreTevsis Svili (5.476-
478; Sdr. 2.611) da ara Zma, rogorc Zvel miTosSi (Hes. F. 10a, 25-28; Apollod.
1.51; Ap. Rhod. II 1162). Sesabamisad, friqsusi, hele, peliasi da iasoni
kreTevsis xaziT erTi da imave Stos warmomadgenlebi arian.
ugulebelyofilia apoloniosiseuli peliasis argumenti, rom
daukrZalavi friqsusi manam ver povebs simSvides, vidre wesisamebr ar
daikrZaleba. flakusi tyavSi dakrZalvis wess sxva formiT, kerZod,
kremaciiT anacvlebs, amdenad, peliasis argumentacia funqcias kargavs
flakusTan. man elinisti winamorbedisgan gansxvavebiT SeZlo friqsusis
roli mniSvnelovanwilad gaezarda da mas misnis funqcias akisrebs.
friqsusi figurirebs aietis motivaciaSic: ar gasces oqros sawmisi. mefe
xedavs caze gamosaxul verZs da Caesmis friqsusis xma, romelic
afrTxilebs, rom, roca sawmiss gaitaceben, es misi mmarTvelobis
dasasrulis momaswavebeli iqneba da rom medea ar unda darCes mamiseul
saxlSi (5.226-243; Sdr. 1.742f.; 5.528-531). friqsusis msgavsad flakusTan
helesac garkveulwilad misnis fuqcia aqvs. heles piriTac iasonisaTvis
mniSvnelovani misnoba cxaddeba. hele, romelic argonavtebs
57 Sdr. Ov. Fasti, III 852-876; Hyg. Fab. III; Sen. Troad. 1034-1038.
39
helespontosSi ecxadeba (2.587-612), gmirebs mniSvnelovan informacias
gadascems: afrTxilebs, rom win siZneleebi elodebaT (te quoque.../regna
infesta domus fatisque simillima nostris/fata ferunt, II. 593f.), rom win sastik skviTebTan
Sexvedra eliT; uxsnis, Tu sad mdebareobs friqsusis ormagi sakurTxeve-
li. iasons hele ecxadeba kolxidaSic. heles Sesaxeb imasac vigebT, rom
mas gadasces skiptra da did pativSia zRvis fskerze neptunusTan erTad
(2.585-608).58 zogierTi mecnieri miiCnevs, rom heles gamocxadebas izolire-
buli adgili uWiravs poemaSi, Tumca, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom
pirvelive wignSi orfevsis simRera friqsussa da heles ambis gadmocemas
eZRvneba, da mexuTe wignSic, argonavtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis momentisa-
Tvis, kvlav intensificirebulia maTi saxeebi, es gvaZlevs safuZvels
vivaraudoT, rom maT Soris organuli kavSiria. vfiqrobT, arc is unda
iyos SemTxveviTi, rom kolxidaSi gamarTul omSi, aietis winaaRmdeg
ibrZvis skviTi sardali, romelsac, miuxedavad skviTuri warmomavlobisa,
friqsusi hqvia, SesaZloa, flakuss am gamogonili personaJis saxiT
surda, mxatvrulad gamoexata eolidi friqsusis ukmayofileba, radgan
aietma mas ar daujera da argonavtebs ar gadasca sawmisi. sagulisxmoa,
isic, rom friqsusis jars win miuZRvis maRal Wolokze aRmarTuli
priala bewviani da oqrosrqebiani furis gamosaxuleba, romelsac kvlav
dianas WalaSi dabruneba swadia. esec, SesaZloa, iyos miniSneba oqros
verZze, romelic, iupiteris samyaros gegmis Tanaxmad, eladaSi unda da-
brundes, amas ki aieti ewinaaRmdegeba.
• argonavtTa katalogi
stabiluri nusxis ararsebobis fonze apolonios rodoselma itvirTa
eqspediciaSi monawile gmirTa katalogis Seqmna da mniSvnelovanwilad
moaxdina kidec misi sistematizacia. maTgan mxolod erTi nawili figuri-
rebs mogzaurobis procesSi, rasakvirvelia, garkveul epizodTan dakavSi-
rebiT. am epizodebSi xdeba, erTi mxriv, laSqrobaSi monawile gmiris ra-
ime maxasiaTebeli StrixiT aqcentireba, meore mxriv, ikveTebian is perso-
naJebic, romlebic garkveul funqcias asruleben isev da isev romelime
gmiris warmosadgenad. apoloniosTan dasaxelebulia RvTaebrivi STamo-
58 poseidonisa da heles siyvarulis motivi hesiodesTanac gvxvdeba.
40
mavlobis 55 gmiri, flakusTan ki 52; Tu ar CavTvliT iasons, herkuless,
hilass da akastuss, aseTi Tanafardoba gveqneba: 51 argonavti
apoloniosTan da 48 flakusTan.59 apoloniosi asaxelebs 9 miniels, rome-
lic flakusTan ar gvxvdeba, maT sanacvlod flakuss 6 sxva axali argo-
navti Semohyavs. am eqvsi argonavtisgan sams: filoqtetess, nestors, ti-
devss flakusi argonavtebis laSqrobasTan akavSirebs, Tumca maT ar
akisrebs mniSvnelovan funqcias; danarCeni sami ki, rogorc sxva wyaroebi
mowmoben, argonavtebis laSqrobasTan arian dakavSirebulni: devkalioni
da ibisi gvxvdebian higinusTan, ifisi ki dasturdeba apoloniosis sqo-
lionSi (4.223f.). flakusma Secvala argonavtTa raodenoba, zogierT gmirs
gansxvavebuli funqcia (igulisxmeba macnis [exioni] da mesaWis [erginusi]
funqcia) mianiWa. zogierTi gmiris mniSvnelovneba Seamcira (pelevsi /
idasi), zogis ki gazarda (misnebi: idmoni, mopsusi; telamoni, meleagrusi).
ikveTeba aseve erTi saintereso kanonzomiereba argonavtebis rogorc er-
Tiani jgufis reaqciebis gamoxatvisas. Tu apoloniosTan mTeli jgufi
gamoxatavda sixaruls, SiSs an imedgacruebas, flakusTan es reaqciebi
erT romelime kerZo personaJzea misadagebuli, kerZod, iasonze. es arc
aris gasakviri, radgan flakuss surda, iasonis aqcentirebiT misi roli
mniSvnelovnad gaezarda da eneasis msgavsad àrgonavtikis~ wamyvan
gmirad esonidi eqcia.60
• lemnosi
lemnoseli qalebis mier sakuTari qmrebis amoxocvis ambavi did interess
imsaxurebda berZnul tradiciaSi (Apollod. 1. 114f.; 357f.). es epizodi sakmaod
adre daukavSirda argonavtebis Tqmulebas da misi erT-erTi stabiluri
nawili gaxda.61 es ganxorcielda epizodSi hifsipilesa da iasonis sasi-
yvarulo Tavgadasavlis CarTviT.62 orive es momenti sainteresod aris Se-
zavebuli apolonios rodoselTan. elinisti winamorbedisagan gansxva-
vebiT flakusma am epizods sxva elferi SesZina. misTvis mniSvnelovania
59 higinusTan 74 monawile moixsenieba (Hyg. fab. XIV).

60 A.J. Kleywegt, Die "anderen" Argonauten, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 225-237.
61 Sdr. W. Bahrenfuß, Die Abenteuer der Argonauten auf Lemnos bei Apollonios Rhodios, Valerius
Flaccus, Papinius Statius. Diss., Kiel 1951.
62 iasonisa da hifsipiles siyvarulis Tavgadasavals gadmogvcemen: Ov. Heroid. VI;
Hyg. fab. XV.
41
ara uSualod im mxaris aRwera, sadac argonavtebi pirvelad SeCerdnen
kolxidisaken mimaval gzaze, aramed TviT argonavtebis damokidebuleba
lemnosze ganviTarebul ambebTan. amitom flakusi detalurad mogvi-
Txrobs im ambebsac, romlebic argonavtebis lemnoselebTan stumrobas
uZRoda win. igi imdenad aris gatacebuli am ambis mxatvruli inter-
pretaciiT, rom miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis ucnob, damatebiT persona-
Jebsac ki igonebs TxrobisaTvis meti dinamiurobis misaniWeblad. striqo-
nebis moculoba orive avtorTan TiTqmis Tanabaria (apolonios rodo-
selTan 300 str. I.609-909, flakusTan 346 str.), rac Seexeba epizodis
struqturas, flakusTan ambavi iwyeba im istoriiT aRweriT, rac
lemnoseli qalebis mier kacebis amoxocvas uZRoda win (2.82-106), amas
mosdevs kacebis amoxocvis ambavi (107-241), hifsipiles mier mamis gadarCe-
nis epizodi (242-310), argonavtebis misvla lemnosze (311-427). erTi Se-
xedviT, flakusi misdevs apolonioss, Tumca, Tu SevadarebT am or ver-
sias, TvalsaCino gaxdeba gansxvavebac. daviwyoT preistoriiT: apoloni-
osTan lemnoseli mamakacebi usircxvilod Ralatoben colebs (1. 611-614).
qalebi urisxdebian kipriss mamakacTa Ralatis gamo da aRar swiraven mas
msxverpls. amis gamo qalRmerTi aRagznebs maT SurisZiebisaTvis (1. 614-
619). mamakacebma realurad TavianTi saqcieliT daimsaxures qalebis
risxva. flakusma TxrobaSi CarTo olimposelTa perspeqtiva, riTac
surda daesabuTebina, erTi mxriv, iupiteris da, meore mxriv, vulkanusisa
da venusis poziciebi lemnosTan mimarTebaSi. es airekleba romauli
eposis pirvelsave wignSi, rodesac iupiteri marTvis sadaveebs iRebs
xelSi da RmerTebisgan garkveul winaaRmdegobas awydeba (I.83ff.). mas upi-
rispirdeba iuno, Tavdayira dakidebul qalRmerTs vulkanusi eqomageba,
romelic am dros vardeba olimposidan da kunZul lemnosze enarcxeba.
am kunZulze miiRes vulkanusi, swored aq hqonda mas samWedloc da amis
gamo gansakuTrebulad uyvardaT.
flakusTan intrigas uSualod venusi qmnis. rodesac marsTan
Ralatis gamo vulkanusma venusi dasaja imiT, rom siyvarulis
qalRmerTs msxverpls aRar swiravdnen lemnoseli qalebi, venusi
gadawyvets, maTze Suri iZios da xmas gaavrcelebs, TiTqos qmrebi
Ralatoben. Tu apoloniosTan qmrebi namdvilad damnaSaveebi arian, aq
42
isini venusis intrigis msxverplad gvevlinebian. flakusTan aseve Tval-
Sisacemia hifsipiles gamokveTili pietas. Tu apoloniosTan hifsipile
iZulebulia moityuos, raTa argonavtebs auxsnas mamakacebis kunZulze
aryofnis mizezi (Ap. Rhod. 1. 793-835), flakusTan argonavtebma araferi
uwyian im saSineli movlenebis Sesaxeb, Sesabamisad, mas arc sWirdeba
axsna-ganmartebis micema. Tu hifsipiles pietas apoloniosTan farulad
igrZnoba, flakusma mas bakxusTan dakavSirebuli ritualis moSveliebiT
da mamis winaSe saocari pasuxismgeblobis gamovlinebiT axali elferi
SesZina. hifsipile gadaarCens mamas naTlad gacnobierebuli safrTxisa-
gan da amdenad aris pia (Sdr. 249, 256, 264). mamis gadarCenisas igi mima-
rTavs xriks, sadac safarvelad iRebs religiur rituals (282). es gau-
marTlebeli saqcieli aucilebelia hifsipiles pia coeptas (264)
gansaxorcieleblad. mas gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom mamas garkveulwilad
safrTxeSi agdebs, rodesac gadarCenis mizniT zRvas miandobs, fiqrobs,
iqneb arsebobs sxva alternativa, Tumca Seqmnili viTareba aiZulebs, rom
ukiduresi zomebi miiRos (294). mniSvnelovania is cvlilebebi, romelic
herkulesis gamkicxav sityvaSi iCens Tavs: ar Cans herkulesis gansa-
kuTrebuli damokidebuleba telamonisadmi da meore, imis magivrad rom
ukan dabruneba SesTavazos argonavtebs (Ap. Rhod. II 373-384), flakusTan
herkulesi daJinebiT moiTxovs faTerakebiT aRsavse laSqrobis gagrZele-
bas. aq flakuss saSualeba eZleva, erTmaneTs Seupirispiros herkulesi
da iasoni. erTi mxriv, gmiri, romelmac daZlia adamianuri sisusteebi, da,
meore mxriv, sardali, romelic ar aris uzado gmiri, Tumca herkulesis
mowodebisTanave mzad aris, miatovos lemnoseli dedofali da laSqroba
gaagrZelos.
• dolionebi, kizikusis epizodi

kizikusis epizodi, romelsac argonavtTa Tqmulebisagan damoukidebeli
mxatvruli Rirebuleba ar moupovebia, CvenTvis sainteresoa imdenad, ram-
denadac apoloniosTan SedarebiT mas flakusma meti datvirTva SesZina.63
Tu apoloniosTan kizikosis ambavs 216 striqoni eTmoba (1. 936-1152),
63 am epizodTan dakavSirebiT ix.: G. Manuwald, Die Cyzicus-Episode und ihre Funktion in den
Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hypomnemata 127, Göttingen 1999; E. Burck. Kampf und Tod des Cyzicus bei
Valerius Flaccus. Mélanges M. Durry, Rev. Ét. Lat. 47, 1971, 173-198.
43
sakmaod STambeWdavi moculobisaa igi flakusTan (II. 629-664 da III. 1-458).
masTan es gmiri orgvar saxes gviCvenebs: rogoric unda TviT mas iyos:
rafinirebuli, stumarTmoyvare da, meore mxriv, rogoric realurad aris:
windauxedavi, hibrisiT Sepyrobili.64 apoloniosisagan gansxvavebiT fla-
kusTan naTlad aris gamoxatuli danaSaulis sakiTxi tragikuli ambebis
ganviTarebaSi. masTan tragikul movlenebs ganapirobebs kizikusis hibri-
si, rac qalRmerT kibeles SeuracxyofaSi gamoixateba. man mokla kibeles
wminda cxoveli da saamayo nadavli Tavis sasaxleSi daavana, rac kidev
ufro metad metyvelebs mis hibriss. kibeles surs, SeuracxyofisaTvis
Suri iZios. man unda aRadginos samyaros wesrigi, adamianebis mokrZaleba
RmerTebisadmi. qalRmerTma kibelem dasjis iaraRad argonavtebi gamoiye-
na. flakusi miniebis ganmeorebiT kizikusTan moxvedris faqts, bunebrivia,
apolonios rodoselisgan iRebs (Ap. Rhod. I 1015-1018), Tumca elinist
mweralTan qari ganapirobebs argonavtebis kunZulze dabrunebas, aq ki
RvTiuri Zalebi, raTaA argonavtebi CaerTon arasapatio brZolaSi.
flakusma kizikusTan gamarTuli sisxlismRvreli Setakeba omis
Tematikis konteqstSi moaqcia. am doneze es epizodi mimarTebas avlens
eposis sxva siuJetur elementebTan. ramdenadac igi mniSvnelovan para-
lels gviCvenebs kolxidaSi gamarTul e. w. samoqalaqo omTan, Cven masze
ufro detaluri msjeloba Sesabamis TavSi gveqneba.
• hilasis epizodi
hilasisa da herkulesis ambavs, berZeni winamorbedisagan gansxvavebiT (Ap.
Rhod. I 1173-1362), met yuradRebas uTmobs flakusi (3. 481-740, 4. 1-57); masTan
es epizodi garkveul modifikacias gviCvenebs.65 apoloniosTan iunos
motivacia ar ganapirobebs hilasis gaqrobas. moqmedebaSi spontanurad
erTveba kiprisi, romelic hilasisadmi siyvaruliT ganmsWvalavs erT-erT
wylis nimfas (Ap. Rhod. I 1233). flakusTan iunos motiviacia warmarTavs
movlenebs. Cans, Tu ra motivi amoqmedebs mis sawinaaRmdegod. mas ar surs
herkulesis CrdilSi yofna, dReniadag cdilobs mis ganadgurebas, jer
64 Lüthje, op. cit. 94.

65 H. H. Koch, Die Hylasgeschichte bei Apollonios Rhodios I. 1153ff., Theokrit Eid. XIII, Properz Eleg. I.20,
Valerius Flaccus Arg. III. 459ff., Diss. Kiel 1955; E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius
Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971, 125-126.
44
kidev bavSvs gvelebi miugzavna, Tumca Cvilma herkulesma SeZlo maTi
mogerieba. iunos miziaSi kvlav eZleva SesaZlebloba tkivili miayenos
herkuless. rogorc ki dainaxavs xomaldidan moSorebiT mis Tanamgzavr
hilass, iwyebs gegmis ganxorcielebas (Val. Flacc. 3.487ff.). palass Tavidan
iSorebs, im sababiT, rom skviTebisa da kolxebis omis msvlelobaSi unda
CaerTos, TviTon ki uSualod xrikebs xlarTavs alkidis winaaRmdeg. apo-
loniosTan argonavtebma ise gaagrZeles gza, rom arc ki SeumCneviaT he-
rakles aryofna xomaldze. rodesac miniebma gaacnobieres TavianTi
Secdoma, maT Soris uTanxmoeba Camovarda, radgan miatoves umamacesi
gmirebi (herakle da polifemosi). telamoni iasons adanaSaulebs, rom am
ukanasknelma ganzrax, Suris gamo datova alkidi kunZulze. situacia ise
iZabeba, rom xelCarTul brZolamdec ki mividoda boreasis vaJebs rom ar
ganemuxtaT konfliqti. tifisi, rogorc mesaWe, xelsayreli qaris gamo
moiTxovda naosnobis gagrZelebas, telamoni ki ukan dabrunebas. boreade-
bic gzis gagrZelebas uWeren mxars, Tumca maT amoZravebT gmirebis da-
SoSminebis da ara herkulesis CamoSorebis survili (Tumca amis gamo
isini mogvianebiT mainc isjebian herkulesis mier usamarTlod). herakle
laSqrobas gamoeTiSa zevsis nebiT, rac argonavtebs glavkosis piriT
gaucxaddeba. amas mosdevs iasonisa da telamonis Serigeba. flakusTan
herkuless eZeben da rodesac ver pouloben, dgeba sakiTxi, gaagrZelon
misi Zebna, Tu zRvaSi gavidnen. telamoni herkulesis Zebnas moiTxovs,
meleagrusi naosnobis gagrZelebas, radgan SeuZlebelia win aRudge
iunos nebas. glavkosis magivrad, romelic argonavtebs RvTis nebas
ganucxadebs (Ap. Rhod. I 1315-1325), flakusTan sasowarkveTil herkuless
sizmrad hilasi ecxadeba, romelic urCevs, rom iunos nebas dahyves da
masze nu idardebs, radgan misi xvedri winaswar iyo gansazRvruli (Val.
Flacc. 4. 25-37).
• amikusi da bebrikebi
amikosis epizodi, rogorc Cans, sakmaod Zveli da organuli iyo
argonavtebis TqmulebaSi. calkeuli saxesxvaobis garda bebrikTa mefe,
zogadad, uxeSi, kacTmoZule, ugnuri adamianis simbolod aris gaazrebu-
li. barbarosobaze gamarjveba es aris ZiriTadi idea, riTac aris gan-
45
msWvaluli apolonios rodoseliseuli interpretacia. Tu apoloniosTan
es epizodi moicavs 163 striqons (Ap. Rhod. II 1-163), flakusTan mas 253 str.
eTmoba (Val. Flacc. 4. 90-343). apoloniosTan argonavtebi amikosisadmi SiSs
ki ar ganicdian, aramed risxviT arian Sepyrobilni (19f.), gansakuTrebiT
polidevkesi, valerius flakusTan ki riskis elementi axleburad aris
warmodgenili. apoloniosTan krivSi monawileebi eqsponirebulia ara
mxolod araTanabari Zalis mqone mxareebad, aramed warmodgenilia maTi
gansxvavebuli brZolis taqtika da msoflmxedveloba: amikosi warmodge-
nilia rogorc titani, polidevkesi ki rogorc varskvlavi (37-44). poli-
devkesi mSvidad uyurebs im faqts, rom masTan SebrZoleba mouwevs, metic,
igi gaazrebulad dascinis mas medidurobis gamo (54-64). flakusTan eqspo-
nirebuli amikusi metad SiSismomgvrelad gamoiyureba (246ff.) da po-
luqsic met mokrZalebas avlens brZolisadmi damokidebulebaSi. apolo-
niosTan brZola mimdinareobs gansakuTrebuli dramatizmis gareSe. fla-
kusTan brZola eqsponirebulia mTeli Tavisi siZneleebiT, rac mas metad
aaxlovebs realur SerkinebasTan. apoloniosTan argonavtebi brZolis
damTavrebis Semdeg ixseneben herkuless da amboben, is rom maTTan erTad
yofiliyo, brZolac ar iqneboda. arafers amboben imaze, rom, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi, maT saxelisaTvis brZolac ar dasWirdebodaT. saxelis mo-
xveWasTan gmirebis aseTi damokidebuleba ucxoa flakusisaTvis. apolo-
niosTan amikosis aRsasrulis Semdeg bebrikebi ibrZvian TavianTi mkvdari
mefisaTvis (98-136). flakusma Secvala konteqsti, roca SeSinebuli
bebrikebi warmogvidgina. bebrikebi, romelTac amikusi SiSis wnexis qveS
imorCilebda, misi sikvdilis Semdeg zrunaven ara mis dakrZalvaze, ara-
med piriqiT, gaqcevas lamoben. SeiZleba iTqvas, es ar aris erTmaneTTan
SemWidrovebuli sazogadoeba, romelic erTad dadgeba sakuTari intere-
sebis dasacavad, maT ubralod amikusi imorCilebda Tavisi teroriT.
poluqsma bolo mouRo sazogadoebas, romelsac isedac saZirkveli
hqonda gamoclili. amikusis sikvdili Seesabameba iupiteris gegmas:
amikusi usamarTlod mrisxanebda xalxze. igi warmoadgenda mTavar
dabrkolebas, rac aferxebda mezRvaurebis, mogzaurebis gasvlas aRmosav-
leTis mimarTulebiT, Sesabamisad, Tavisi hibrisiT xels uSlida
iupiteris gegmis ganxorcielebas. misi daZleviT ki belonasTvis, raSic
46
moiazreba omebis warmoeba, gza xsnili iqneboda. TviT neptunusic,
romelic amikusis mamaa da uwyis Svilis momavali xvedri, uZluria
samyaros mbrZaneblis winaSe, radgan unda ganxorcieldes Zalauflebis
cvla aziidan saberZneTSi, rasac Tavisi msoflmxedvelobiT ewinaaRmde-
geba amikusi.
• mariandinebi da likusi
flakusis àrgonavtikis~ meoTxe wignis bolos moTxrobilia argonavte-
bis misvla mariandinebTan, Savi zRvis samxr.-das. sanapiroze (4.733-762),
Tumca ambavi mexuTe wignis dasawyisis 66 striqonsac moicavs, sadac vi-
tyobT tifisisa da idmonis sikvdilis Sesaxeb.66 miuxedavad imisa, rom
flakusTan am epizods apoloniosTan SedarebiT (178 str. 2.720-898)
mokrZalebuli moculoba aqvs, mniSvnelovan pasaJs warmoadgens poemaSi
Tavisi adgilisa da datvirTvis gamo.67 mefe likusi argonavtebs keTil-
ganwyobili iRebs, riTac gamoxatavs madlierebas saerTo mtris
sikvdilis gamo (4.744). momdevno dRes xdeba ori samwuxaro ambavi: kvdeba
misani idmoni da mesaWe tifisi. argonavtebi damwuxrebulebi da
sasowarkveTilni arian. Mmxolod mas Semdeg, rac dasruldeba dakrZal-
vis ceremonia da mopsusi Seasrulebs rituals, airCeven axal mesaWes da
gzas gaagrZeleben. Tavdapirvelad yuradReba unda mivaqcioT im faqts,
Tu ra adgili uWiravs am erTi SexedviT naklebad STambeWdav epizods
romaul eposSi. Tu amovalT im mosazrebidan, rom flakusis poema rva
wignisgan Sedgeba, maSin mas Sualeduri adgili upyria, romelic erTma-
neTTan or gansxvavebul nawils akavSirebs. orientiri aq aris simplega-
debi, is, Tu ra xdeboda manamde, da is, rac moxdeba simplegadebis
gavlis Semdeg. apoloniosTan finevsis misnobis mixedviT es aris meore
punqti, sadac argonavtebi simplegadebis gavlis Semdeg xvdebian. fla-
kusTan ki pirveli (4.637-710) da amave dros ukanaskneli punqti, vidre
miniebi kolxidamde miaRweven; apoloniosTan finevsis misnobaSi am
adgils gamorCeuli adgili ar uWiravs, aRniSnulia mxolod, rom aq
imyofeba hadesSi Sesasvleli (Ap. Rhod. II 352-356). romael epikosTan
66 E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971, 181.
67 G. Manuwald, Die Argonauten bei den Mariandynern und die Erzähltechnik in Valerius Flaccus'
Argonautica, Phylologus 149, 2005, 297.
47
simplegadebis daZlevis Semdeg uSualod mariandinebTan moxvedra
aqcentirebulia adgilmdebareobis aRweriTac, mcire geografiul eqs-
kursSi (4.711-732). pontusi aris sazRvari aziasa da evropas Soris da,
amdenad, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom argonavtebi ukve aziis miwaze
imyofebian. pontusis aRwerisas avtori pirvel pirSi laparakobs (4. 711-
732 memorem), struqturulad mas ukavSirdeba kizikusis epizodi; dolio-
nebTan argonavtebi xvdebian mas Semdeg, rac helespontoss gaivlian, aqac
win wamoweulia evropisa da aziis gasayarze mdebareobis Tema da isic
niSandoblivia, rom flakusi isev pirvel pirSi gadmoscems saTqmels
(2.617 reor).
flakusTan am adgils rom organuli kavSiri aqvs sxva siuJetur
elementebTan, cxadyofs amikusis epizodSi CarTuli ambavic, risTvisac
flakuss damatebiT axali personaJebi Semohyavs. bebrikebTan argonavtebs
SemoxvdebaT dimasi, romelic likusis Zmas, otrevss axlda. otrevsi, ro-
melic hesioneze qorwinebas apirebda, gzaze amikusTan moxvda, romelmac
krivSi gamoiwvia da sicocxles gamoasalma, dimass surs, xma likuss
miawvdinos, raTa man Suri iZios ZmisaTvis. Tumca mas argonavtebi
daaswreben da poluqsi bebrikebis mefes bolos mouRebs. Sesabamisad, aq
mkiTxvels kvlav hesione da herkulesi axsendeba. g. manuvaldis azriT,
mariandinebTan miniebis moxvedra imiT aris mniSvnelovani, rom
argonavtebi gadadian evropidan aziaSi, ris Semdegac SesaZlebeli xdeba
kavSiri damyardes im xalxTa Soris, romlebic manamde erTmaneTisagan
iyvnen gamijnulni. niSandoblivia is ganwyobileba, rac finevsis misnoba-
Sia gadmocemuli, pontusis sanapiroze mxolod likusi gamoirCeva stu-
marTmoyvareobiT. xalibebi, apoloniosisgan gansxvavebiT, ara marto rki-
nas awarmoeben aramed, rkinisgan iaraRs amzadeben, Sesabamisad, flakuss
mariandinebis epizodidan kvlav saomar Tematikaze gadavyavarT, rasac
mexuTe TavSi persessa da aiets Soris warmoebuli omi mosdevs.
epizodebis Sepirispirebisas is arsebiTi aspeqti, rac apoloniossa

da flakuss ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan, mokled ase SeiZleba Camovaya-
liboT: apoloniosma movlenebi faqtis saxiT warmogvidgina, zog SemTxve-
vaSi zedapiruladac ki (aq ar vgulismobT medeas siyvarulis ambavs), ma-
Sin rodesac valeriusi movlenebs uRrmavdeba da maT Sinagan motivaci-
48
ebs eZebs. amdenad, igi ar kmayofildeba oden faqtis konstataciiT da ar
ainteresebs etiologiuri mxare, aramed uRrmavdeba moqmedi gmirebis
Sinagan samyaros, ukvirdeba maT sulier mdgomareobas, rac Semdgom maT
moqmedebas ganapirobebs.68
amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, miuxedavad imisa, rom valerius flakusi,
SesaZloa, ver aRwevs poeturi TvalsazrisiT simaRleebs, rac aris apo-
lonios rodoselTan, homerosTan, erTi aSkaraa, rom Cven Tvalwin aris
damoukidebeli poeti, romelic cdilobs, araerTi saintereso novatoru-
li elementi SemogvTavazos poemaSi.
3. axali koncefcia – iupiteris samyaros gegma
valeriusma Tavisi poeturi programa lakonurad Camoayaliba àrgo-

navtikis~ prooimionis pirvelsave oTx striqonSi:69
Prima deum magnis canimus freta pervia natis
fatidicamque ratem, Scythici quae Phasidis oras
ausa sequi mediosque inter iuga concita cursus
rumpere flammifero tandem consedit Olympo.70
berZnuli versiisgan gansxvavebiT masTan ramdenime mniSvnelovani
`romauli~ Strixi ikveTeba: argo aris winaswarmetyveluri gemi (fatidica
ratis, 1. 2), romelmac pirvelad71 imogzaura zRvaze (prima ... freta pervia, 1. 1);72
sazRvao gzis gaxsna valeriusisaTvis aris mTavari Tema da misTvis uf-
ro metad mniSvnelovania, vidre oqros sawmisi. am Tvalsazriss amyarebs
68 E. Burk, Kampf und Tod des Cyzicus bei Valerius Flaccus: Mélanges Marcel Durry, REL 47, 1970, 196; J.
Stroux, Valerius Flaccus und Horaz, Philologus 90, 1935, 310; J. Adamietz, Zur Komposition der Argonautica des
Valerius Flaccus, Zetemata 67, 1976, 113-116; M. Wacht, Zur Motivierung der Handlung im Epos des Valerius,
ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 101.
69 dawvrilebiT flakusis eposis prooimionis Sesaxeb ix. E. Lefèvre. Das Prooemium der
Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Wiesbaden 1971.
70
`vumReriT zRvebs, romlebic pirvelad RmerTTa didebulma vaJebma gadalaxes da
bedis mauwyebel xomalds, romelmac skviTuri fasisis napirebis Cavla gabeda, moZrav
kldeTa Soris swrafad gaikvala gza da sabolood cecxlovan olimposze daisadgura~
(Val. Flacc. 1, 1-4).
71 prima freta SeusabamobaSi modis berZeni istorikosebis cnobebTan, romlebic
adreuli mogzaurobebisa da sanaosno mowyobilobebis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben, rac
qronologiurad win uswrebs argonavtebis laSqrobas; valeriusi aq xazs usvams
argonavtebis mogzaurobis mniSvnelovnebas, ramdenadac, maT gadalaxes kianeebi da
miaRwies pontos evqsinoss. Sdr. Dräger, 1999, 419-22.
72 es azri pirvelad romaul literaturaSi katulusTan gvxvdeba: illa rudem cursu
prima imbuit Amphitriten (c. 64).
49
is faqtic, rom flakusi prooimionSi uSualod ar asaxelebs laSqrobis
mizans – oqros sawmiss, aramed yuradRebas amaxvilebs TviT movlenaze –
argonavtebis gambedaobaze. Sesabamisad, Phasidis oras / ausa sequi `fasisis
napirebisaken / gabeda warmarTuliyo~ (Val. Flacc. 1, 2-3)73 cvlis berZnul mo-
krZalebul variants basilh'o" ejfhmosuvnh/ Pelivao `mefe peliasis davalebiT~
(Ap. Rhod. I 3).
samecniero literaturaSi yuradRebas ipyrobs flakusis inovacia,
rasac, pirobiTad, SeiZleba vuwodoT iupiteris samyaros gegma. ramdena-
dac es aspeqti flakusis eposis RerZs warmoadgens da konceptualurad
aerTianebs mis nawarmoebs, miznad visaxavT, dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT
iupiteris ordo rerum74. rodesac argonavtebi xomalds zRvaSi Seacureben
da pagases navsadgurs miatoveben, myisve icvleba moqmedebis areali da
flakuss olimposelTa samyofelSi gadavyavarT. iupiteri, romelsac
garSemo RmerTebi Semoukrebia, zecidan akvirdeba berZnebis wamowyebas,
igi kmayofilia da RmerTebic sixaruls gamoTqvamen.
struqturulad iupiteris samyaros gegma, romelic sul raRac 30
striqonSia gadmocemuli,75 or nawilad iyofa: Sesavali sityva da gegmis
sami etapi. Sesavali sityva, Tavis mxriv, ori segmentisagan Sedgeba:
adrindeli vetera `warsuli~ (1. 531-535) da axlandeli viTareba repetam
decreta `ganvaaxleb gadawyvetilebebs~ (1. 536-541).
Sesaval sityvas mosdevs samyaros gegmis sami etapi: I. pirveli
etapi: aziis daqveiTeba. am mizeziT xdeba argonavtebis laSqroba
kolxidaSi, am planSi unda ganvixiloT troas omic. Sesabamisad, pirveli
etapis pirveli safexuria qalwulis [medeas] motaceba (1. 542-547), meore
safexuri ki [elenes] motaceba (1. 548-554); II. meore etapi: danaelebis dau-
Zlureba (1. 555); III. mesame etapi: sxva xalxebis [romaelebis] gaZliereba (1.
556-560). lingvisturi analizisas iupiteris samyaros gegmaSi ori mniSvne-
lovani indikatori ikveTeba: omi da wyali, rogorc naosnobis simbolo:
aeqour ad Helles (537) / bellis ausa manus (540); via facta per undas (545) / perque hiemes,
Bellona, tibi (546); classe dehinc (551) / bella, quot ad Troia flentes (552). semantikuri
73 ausa // ausi formis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT Sdr. katulusi 4ff.

74
cnebaSi ordo rerum igulisxmeba iupiteris samyaros gegma.
75 Sdr. M. Wacht, 1991, 102-3; E. Lefèvre, 1998, 223-232; G. Manuwald, 2004,145-162.
50
kavSiri gamoxatulia zmniT foveo `xels vuwyob, vmfarvelob~: Tu vis
mfarvelobda manamde iupiteri: sic fata locos, sic ipse fovebam (541) da Tu vis
Seuwyobs xels momavalSi: gentesque fovebo / mox alias (555-6).
vetera `warsuli, adrindeli viTareba~ (5. 531-535):

rac odiTganve davawese, yvelaferi Tavisi rigis mixedviT
dasawyisidanve ucvlelad miedineba.
jer kidev ar arsebobda Cemi modgma arsad miwaze
roca ukve samyaros wesrigi davamyare.
kargi msurda im mefeebisTvis, romlebic jer ar marTavdnen.
repetam decreta `ganvaaxleb gadawyvetilebebs~ (5. 536-541):

msurs Cemi mbrZaneblobis gadawyvetilebebi ganvaaxlo.
arsebobda mxare aRmosavleTSi, romelic qalwul heles zRvasTan da
tanaisTan mdebareobs, cxenebiT mdidari da xalxmravali, da veravin
bedavda xeli aRemarTa mis sawinaaRmdegod da saxeli omebSi moexveWa.
me TviTon vmfarvelobdi am mxares da mis keTildReobaze vzrunavdi.
accelerat ... dies `modis ... dRe~ (5. 542-547):

Tumca saubedurod dgeba dRe, da azia axla SeZrulia;
vuSveb imas, rom daeces. berZnebi ukve iTxoven Cemgan qorwils.
Cemi muxebi da samfexebi, mSobelTa gulebi, maT gagzavnes
es laSqari zRvaze. talRebiTa da qariSxlebiT gakvalulia
SenTvis gza, belona. magram mxolod sawmisi ki ar
warmoSobs borotebas, aramed ufro metad im qalwulis motacebis gamo
grZeldeba uTanxmoeba.
veniet ... iam `modis ... ukve~ (5. 548-554):

jer ar gadamiwyvetia da ukve modis mwyemsi frigiuli idadan,
romelsac moaqvs naRveli da siZulvili da amavdroulad samagiero
berZnebisaTvis. xelismTxovnelTa xomaldebi, rogori omebi iwyeba
ramdeni weli itirebs mikeni troas win?
ramdeni didgvarovani da naxevradRmerTebi da rCeuli jari daiRupeba
da azia dauZlurdeba.
hinc àmieridan~ (5. 555-560):
51
am droidan gadawyvetilia danaelTa aRsasruli. male sxva xalxebs
Sevuwyob xels. mTebi, tyeebi, wylebi, zRvis dabrkolebebi ixsneba maT-
Tvis. yvelafris mowmea imedi da SiSi. am cvlilebis dros me TviTon ga-
movcdi adgilebs da miwebs. vis msurs, rom momavalSi Zalaufleba epyras
xelT.
vfiqrobT, es epizodi imdenad aris mniSvnelovani, rom swored aq
aris gadmocemuli iupiteris damokidebuleba argonavtebis laSqrobisa-
dmi. samyaros mmarTveli sixaruls gamoTqvams berZnebis wamowyebis gamo:
patrii neque enim probat otia regni (1. 500). mas Semdeg, rac saturnusis epoqis
otium daZleul iqna (1. 500), argonavtebis laSqrobiT iwyeba axali epoqa.
amdenad, uzenaesi RmerTi mxars uWers adamianTa qmedebebs (5. 498-502) da
misTvis argonavtebis laSqroba kolxidaSi aris pulcherrima coepta (1. 498-99).
yvela RmerTs uxaria masTan erTad una omnes gaudent superi (1. 501). parkebic
gaxarebulni arian momavali omebis gamo (1. 502), radganac iseTi dro
modis, rom xalxi omSi erTveba (1. 543), viae Bellonas (1. 545-546). mxolod
aietis mama soli ar eTanxmeba iupiteris gegmas da ewinaaRmdegeba im
azrs, rom oqros sawmisi aziidan waiRon, ramdenadac Tavisi Zis aietis
Zalauflebis dakargvis gamo eSinia (5. 503f.). mas uerTdeba marsic,
romelsac aseve piradi motivi amoZravebs. ar surs, misi Walidan waiRon
oqros sawmisi, ramdenadac, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, igi funqcias
dakargavs. iuno mrisxanebs herkulesis gamo, radgan misadmi siZulvili
amoZravebs. palasic mas uWers mxars. erTaderTi obieqturi aris iupite-
ri, romelic calke dgas Tavisi SexedulebebiT, meore mxareze ki –
danarCeni RmerTebi, romlebic mfarvelobas uweven da TanaugrZnoben ama
Tu im gmirs da, amdenad, subieqturebi arian. sols `dinastiuri interesi~
amoZravebs da aietis mxardaWeris mizniT gamoTqvams pretenzias, iupiters
ki principis `Tanabari uflebebi yvelasTvis~ iusti facultas (5. 534) gamo ar
surs, gaiTvaliswinos misi moTxovna.76 Sesabamisad, iupiteris decreta-s (5.
76 valeriusis iupiteri savsebiT gansxvavdeba vergiliusis iupiterisgan.

vergiliusis iupiteri mSvidobas winaswarmetyvelebs (claudentur Belli portae, Aen. 1. 294),
valeriusis iupiteri ki SiSisa da omebis RmerTia (via facta per undas / perque hiemes, Bellona,
tibi 1. 545-46). vergiliusTan saqme exeba saturnia regna-s dabrunebas, valeriusTan ki mis
daZlevas (1. 500). vergiliusis iupiteri gegmavs (sic placitum, Aen. 1. 283), valeriusis ki
eqsperimentebs atarebs (experiar 1. 559); samyaros gegmis Sesaxeb ix. P. Dräger, 1998, 193-211;
Sdr. aseve: P. Dräger, 2001, 52.
52
536) ganapirobebs `Zalauflebis rotaciis principi~, rasac Semdegi azri
aqvs: dauSvas, rom yovelma xalxma (populi cuncti 5. 559) erTxel mainc Tavis
istoriaSi miaRwios oqros xanas, raTa saukeTeso potenciali gamoamJRa-
vnos. magram es xalxebi erTmaneTs unda Seejibron da mxolod amis Sem-
deg gamoikveTeba, Tu vis unda mianiWos uzenaesma Zalauflebis sadaveebi
(558ff.). ra rols asruleben am konteqstSi argonavtebi? maT unda
itvirTon Zalauflebis gadatanis saqme aziidan saberZneTSi da Soreuli
aziuri mxare saberZneTisaTvis misawvdomi unda gaxadon via facta per undas /
perque hiemes, Bellona tibi (545f.).77
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom flakusi translatio imperii-s Teoriis Tavisebur
interpretacias gvTavazobs, rac gansxvavebuli variaciebiT sxvadasxva
istorikosebTan gvxvdeba.78 l. alfonsi varaudobs, rom flakusis wyaros
warmoadgens romaeli istorikosi pompeius trogusi, romelTanac esa Tu
is xalxi aseTi TanamimdevrobiT ipyrobs marTvis sadaveebs: asirielebi,
medebi, sparselebi, makedonelebi da bolos romaelebi. valeriusis ordo
rerum garkveul mimarTebebs gviCvenebs herodotosTan, romelic istoriis
pirveli wignis dasawyisSive gadmoscems elinebisa da barbarosebis erT-
maneTTan dapirispirebis mizezs, rac ramdenime etapad xorcieldeba:
 finikielebi mividnen argosSi da moitaces mefe inaqosis asuli io
(I. 1).
 pirveli usamarTloba: elinebma, savaraudod, kretelebma, finikiis
tirosSi moitaces mefis asuli evrope;
meore usamarTloba: elinebma aia-kolxidaSi moitaces aietis asuli
medea (I. 2).
 meore TaobaSi priamosis Zem aleqsandrem moitaca elene (I. 3).
flakusisaTvis iupiteris gegmis warmodgenisas apolonios rodose-
li ver iqneboda modeli, radganac masTan araferia amis Sesaxeb naTqvami.
mxolod is SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom oqros sawmisis mopovebis Semdeg
iasoni argonavtebs Seaxsenebs maTi misiis mniSvnelovnebas: hJmetevrh/ dÆ
ejpereivdetai JHella;" ejformh'/, Ú hje; katefeivhn, h] kai; mevga ku'do" ajrevsqai (4. 204-5)
77 E. Lüthje, op. cit. 36-38.

78 Sdr. L. Alfonsi, Antico e meno-antico in Valerius Flaccos: Das Altertum und jedes neu Gute, für
Wolfgang Schadewaldt zum 15. März 1970, hg. v. K. Gaiser, Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln, Mainz 1970, 124-131.
53
`Cvens moqmedebas emyareba elada da Sercxvenasa Tu diad saxels Cvengan
moelis!~. flakusisaTvis amosavali isev da isev vergiliusi unda yofi-
liyo, ramdenadac masTan eneasis moqmedebas gansazRvravs fatum. rogorc
Cans, flakusis ordo rerum herodotosis danaSaulTa mizezis (aijtivh
ajdikhmavtwn) da vergiliusis penatebis gadatanis (translatio: Aen. 2, 324ff.)
nazavs warmoadgens, rac masTan Semdegnairad aris modificirebuli: iupi-
teris gegmis Tanaxmad, oqros sawmisis meSveobiT (fatalia ... terga 5. 241f.)
Zalaufleba gadadis aziidan saberZneTSi [medeas da oqros sawmisis
gataceba], saberZneTis daqveiTebis Semdeg ki – [eneass penatebi gadaaqvs
romSi] Zalauflebas romaeli xalxebi iReben xelSi;79 romi ukeTesi troa
unda gaxdes et genus Aeneadum et Troiae melioris honores (Val. Flacc. 2. 573). es idea
flakusTan ukavSirdeba herkuless, romelsac igi damatebiT epizods
uZRvnis da ufro met mniSvnelobas aniWebs, vidre misi berZeni
winamorbedi.80 Tu argonavtebis laSqrobas ganvixilavT rogorc aziis
mmarTvelobis sferoSi SeWras da, aqedan gamomdinare, usamarTlobad,
rogorc amas soli amtkicebs, am garemoebas iupiteri kanonzomierebad
miiCnevs: sawmisis da medeas motacebas unda mohyves parisis mier elenes
motaceba. Sesabamisad, iupiteri flakusTan samyaros samarTliani ganmge-
belia da eposSi ganviTarebuli movlenebic iupiteris ordo rerum-Tan uSu-
alo kavSirSia. flakusi aziis daqveiTebas mxatvrulad gamoxatavs Tavis
poemaSi apoloniosisgan gansxvavebuli epizodis, persesa da aietis omis
CarTviT, aseve cunabula gentis Colchidos kolxi xalxis warmomavlobis da
istoriis warmodgeniT, razec Cven qvemoT specialur TavSi gveqneba
msjeloba.
Cndeba kiTxva: ra funqcia aqvs zogadad flakusis inovacias –
iupiteris samyaros gegmas? valeriusi argonavtebis laSqrobas ukavSi-
rebs vespasianusis miRwevebs (1. 1-21) da cdilobs, romis mier axali teri-
toriebis dapyroba miTosis doneze asaxos. britaneTis da okeanis damor-
CilebiT vespasianusma wvlili Seitana romauli Zalauflebis gaZliere-
bis saqmeSi da romis, rogorc msoflio imperiis, upiratesoba gaamyara.
79 Val. Flacc. 1. 531ff. 2. 572ff. 5. 677ff. 8. 393ff.

80 herkulesis roli gansakuTrebiT ikveTeba hesiones ganTavisuflebis epizodSi
(Val. Flacc. 2. 445-578), Sdr. J. Adamietz, 1970, 29-38.
54
valeriusi am azrs kidev ufro met mniSvnelobas aniWebs, roca àrgonav-
tikis~ SesavalSi vespasianusis Zis, titusis saomar warmatebebzec amaxvi-
lebs yuradRebas (1. 12-14). valeriusis, iseve rogorc lukanusis, midgoma
am sakiTxisadmi istoriul doneze Seesabameba samyaros gegmis mTavar
princips, romlis mixedviTac, Zalauflebis cvla samxedro upirateso-
biTa da omSi gamarjvebebiT miiRweva. es azri, SesaZloa, miesadagos oTxi
keisris ZalauflebisaTvis brZolis faqtsac. Tumca, poets surs, Tana-
medroveebs da, upirveles yovlisa, mmarTvels uCvenos is, rom warmatebac
cvalebadia. amas cxadyofs is faqti, rom iupiteris winaswarmetyvelebaSi
erTmniSvnelovnad ar aris miTiTebuli, rom romis batonoba maradiulia.
4. epizodTa ganvrcobis zogierTi aspeqti
4.1. iasonis mSoblebis sikvdili
àrgonavtikis~ pirveli wignis bolos dawvrilebiT aris gadmoce-

muli iasonis mSoblebis, esonisa da alkimedes sikvdilis ambavi (1.693-
850). amis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami apolonios rodoselTan. es faqti
dasturdeba Zvel miTografiul tradiciaSi (Sdr. Diod. Sicul. 4,50,1-2; Ps.-
Apollod. bibl. 1,9,27,1-2; cece Lykoph. 175), Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom sxva
adgilas aris ganTavsebuli da, flakusisagan gansxvavebiT, motivacias
moklebuli. flakusTan mas movlenaTa ganviTarebisaTvis mniSvnelovani
roli akisria. iolkosSi moqmedeba ramdenime etapad viTardeba. peliasi
mrisxanebs iasonze, radgan man daiyolia akastusi, misi vaJi kolxidaSi
salaSqrod gahyoloda. radgan uSualod masze ver iyris javrs, peliasi
gadawyvets iasonis mamaze, esonze iZios Suri (1.700-729). amis Semdgom
moqmedebas gadavyavarT iasonis mSoblebTan, romlebic msxverplSewirvis
rituals asruleben, im mizniT, rom Seityon Svilis xvedri. maT ecxade-
baT kreTevsi, esonis mama. amSvidebs esonsa da alkimedes da uwinaswarme-
tyvelebs maT vaJiSvilis warmatebiT Sin dabrunebas, ucxadebs esons
peliasis mzakvrul gegmebs da urCevs, Tavi manamde moiklas, vidre
peliasi gauswordeba; miuTiTebs imaze, rom miRmier samyaroSi pativSi
yofna elodeba. esons aqvs alternativa: xmali iSiSvlos da gauswordes
peliasis damqaSebs an xalxs mouxmos saSvelad. sakuTar Zalebs ver
55
endoba, radganac Zveleburad aRar uWris marjvena, imeds verc xalxis
Tanadgomaze amyarebs, maTi meryevi bunebis gamo, amitom midis
gadawyvetilebamde, Tavi moiklas. esons meuRlec sTxovs, marto ar dato-
vos da masac Rirseuli aRsasruli argunos. vidre maT peliasis amala
Semoeseva, samsxverplo xaris Sxamiani sisxlis SesmiT esalmebian sico-
cxles. peliasis msaxurebi klaven iasonis umcros Zmas (1.730-826). moma-
kvdavi esoni am saSinelebis momswre gaxdeba. mesame monakveTSi aRweri-
lia miwisqveSeTi, sadac alkimede da esoni gardacvalebis Semdgom
xvdebian.
ra udevs safuZvlad peliasis gadawyvetilebas? iasonma akastusi
daiTanxma, salaSqrod gahyoloda saxifaTo mogzaurobaSi. amiT safrTxe
Seeqmneboda ara mxolod iasons, romlis Tavidan moSoreba surda pe-
liass, aramed mis sakuTar vaJsac, akastuss. marTalia, akastusi
apoloniosTanac iRebs monawileobs laSqrobaSi, aseve peliasis nebis sa-
winaaRmdegod, Tumca masTan akastusi Tavisi iniciativiT uerTdeba
miniebs, aq ki iasoni eSmakurad iTanxmebs ufliswuls. intriga, romelic
mimarTuli iyo iasonis winaaRmdeg, iasonis gamWriaxobis wyalobiT, isev
peliass ubrundeba sazianod. mefe Sedarebulia kretelebs, romlebic
uZlurni arian caSi aWril dedaluss daedevnon. aseve uZluria da
ususuri peliasi zRvis winaSe. amis gamo mwifdeba masSi saSineli
SurisZiebis gegma, romelic mimarTulia iasonis ojaxze, marTalia, esoni
mas daaswrebs da Tavs iklavs, Tumca imas mainc moaxerxebs, rom jer
kidev momakvdavi esoni umcrosi vaJis mkvlelobis momswre gaxdeba, riTac
peliasi garkveulwilad mainc iyris javrs esonze.
peliasis xeliT iRupebian udanaSauloni, ris gamoc is unda
daisajos hadesSi. axla ganvixiloT, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba peliasis
saqcieli iupiteris gegmis perspeqtivas. esons surs, daisajos peliasi
imis gamo, rom man argonavtebi gagzavna salaSqrod, rac, bunebrivia, ar
gamoricxavs imas, rom am procesSi sxvadasxva xalxs Soris omebi
moxdeba. swored amas ganizraxavs iupiteris gegmac: marTvis sadaveebi
unda gadavides aziidan saberZneTSi, amis gamo gagzavna man argonavtTa
laSqari Ria zRvaSi, raTa gza gaexsnas belonas. peliasi, erTi SexedviT,
iupiteris nebas axorcielebs, Tumca misi motivacia ewinaaRmdegeba
56
uzenaesis nebas, mas eSinia iasonis siqvelis da Tavidan moSorebis
mizniT agzavnis faTerakebiT savse laSqrobaSi, xolo is borotmoqmede-
ba, rasac iasonis mSoblebis winaaRmdeg Caidens, saerTod motivacias mok-
lebulia da mxolod sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT xdeba. realurad peli-
asi axorcielebs iupiteris nebas, Tumca misgan damoukideblad da gau-
kuRmarTebulad. peliasis motivacias, rac Zvel miTosSic dasturdeba,
flakusTan kidev ufro metad amZimebs udanaSauloTa mimarT Cadenili sa-
Sineli borotmoqmedeba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom mkiTxvelma a priori icis, Tu rogor isjeba
peliasi, flakusi ufro met datvirTvas sZens am epizods, rodesac swo-
red aq, erTi SexedviT moulodnel adgilas, sakmaod lakonurad aRwers
sulTa samefos (1,827-850); hadesis Sesasvlels ori kari aqvs: erTi yoveli
adamianisaTvis, xalxisaTvis, mefisaTvis mudam Riaa, meore ki, mxolod
iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, TavisiT iReba gansakuTrebuli pirovnebisaTvis, ro-
melmac Tavi gamoiCina medgari brZoliT, zneobrivi RirebulebebiT an
kultmsaxurebiT (1.832-839). iq mdebareobs netarTa kunZulebi, sadac
kreTevsi miuZRvis esonsa da alkimedes (1,842-847). is maT uCvenebs imasac,
Tu raoden saSineli sasjeli emuqreba peliass pirveli karis miRma (1,
847-8). amis fonze maT aocebT im adamianebis pativSi yofna, romelTac
Tavi siqveliT gamoiCines. naTelia, rom esoni da alkimede netarTa
kunZulebze imkvidreben savanes, peliass ki momavalSi saSineli sasjeli
emuqreba. risi mixedviT imsaxurebs an ar imsaxurebs mokvdavi iq moxved-
ras? es aris siqvele. esons msxverplSewirvis dros ecxadeba mamis aCrdi-
li, romelic Seatyobinebs, rom peliasisgan safrTxe emuqreba, amitom
sjobia, Rirseuli sikvdili airCios. Tavisi winaprebis Sesaferisi memkvi-
dre iyos da STamomavlobisTvisac magaliTis mimcemi gaxdes. amitom
urCevnia esons Tavi moiklas, vidre peliasisgan damcireba aitanos. ra
pozicia uWiravs am SemTxvevaSi iasons? misTvisac mTavaria virtus da gloria.
maSin Cndeba kiTxva, ratom moiqca ase windauxedavad da ver gaTvala is,
rom akastusis wayvaniT sakuTar mSoblebs Caagdebda safrTxeSi, xom ar
adgeba Crdili amiT mis siqveles, eneasisaTvis aseTi ram warmoudgenelia,
igi uaRres saTnoebas gamoxatavs mamis, anqisesis mimarT. ufro metic,
troadan ltolvis dros rodesac SeamCnevs, rom dakarga Tavisi meuRle
57
kreusa, myisve brundeba da mis Zebnas iwyebs. albaT, amis gamo kreTevsis
gamocxadebaSi iasonis Sesaxeb mxolod is aris naTqvami, rom ukan
gamarjvebuli dabrundeba. Sesabamisad, sakiTxi, Tu sad daimkvidrebs
adgils iasoni gardacvalebis Semdeg, Riad aris datovebuli. Tumca isic
gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom pagases navsadguridan gamgzavrebis Semdgom
iasons, marTalia cota gvian, magram mainc moicavs uzomo SiSi
mSoblebis gamo.
zogadad iasonis ojaxisaTvis mainc damaxasiaTebelia erTmaneTze
zrunva. mSoblebi iasonze Relaven, iasoni ki mSoblebze, kreTevsic aS-
karad esonis mxarezea, radgan igi daCagrulia, peliasis saqcieli ki
aRaSfoTebs. Sesabamisad, urTierTobebi maT Soris moralur Rirebule-
bebzea dafuZnebuli.
flakuss virtus-Tan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi imdenad ainteresebs,
rom poemaSi virtus-is Sesaxeb araromaelis Sexedulebasac warmogvidgens.
kerZod, erT-erT tomTan, iazigebTan akavSirebs saintereso wes-Cveulebas,
romelzec sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas. am adaTs moixseniebs e. w.
skviTebis katalogis aRwerisas (aietis winaaRmdeg kolxidisken saomrad
daZruli laSqris warmodgenisas, 6. 123-128) da mogvianebiT, xelmeored,
kolxidaSi ZmaTa Soris omis amsaxvel erT-erT scenaSi, kerZod,
iazigebis sardlis gesanderis aristiis scenaSi (6. 282-314); misi arsi
mokled aseTia: roca adamiani berdeba, marjvena aRar uWris da iaraRs
veRar imorCilebs, mas Tavisi Zvirfasi memkvidre maxviliT mouswrafebs
sicocxles, vidre igi TviTon bunebrivi sikvdiliT aResruleba. mama-Svi-
li amiT Tavidan icilebs mtanjvel lodins da orive sasaxelod miiCnevs
aseT sikvdils.
namque ubi iam vires gelidae notusque refutat
arcus et inceptus iam lancea temnit eriles
magnanimis mos ductus avis haud segnia mortis
iura pati, dextra sed carae occumbere prolis
ense dato, rumpuntque moras natusque parensque,
ambo animis, ambo miri tam fortibus actis (123-128)
flakusi am adaTs did mniSvnelobas rom aniWebs da oden eTnografiul
cnobad ar miiCnevs, cxadyofs is faqtic, rom eposSi masze ganmeorebiT
58
amaxvilebs yuradRebas, am momentisaTvis ki mkiTxvelisaTvis informaci-
uli nawili ukve cnobilia. am adaTs ukavSirdebs poeti kolxi qurumis
ambavs. akvitess safeTqlebi mwvane alvis xis foTlebiT aqvs Semkuli,
radganac mTeli omis ganmavlobaSi Relavs Tavisi Svilis, kirnusis
usafrTxoebis gamo da mtris rigebSi daeZebs mas (6. 296-300). xanSiSesul
qurums ulmoblad klavs gesanderi, Tanac dasZens, igi Svils rom
hyvareboda, manamde gaistumrebda saiqios, vidre aseT savalalo siberem-
de miaRwevda (6. 302-316). sikvdilis piras misuli akvitesi RmerTs kvlav
Svilis mfarvelobas evedreba.
vidre am pasaJis interpretaciaze gadavidodeT, moviyvanT ramdenime
antikur wyaros, romelic, SesaZloa, flakusis inspiraciis wyaro gamxda-
riyo. herodotosi Tavis ìstoriaSi~ masagetebis Sesaxeb hyveba: ou\ro~ de;
hJlikivh~ sfi provkeitai a[llo~ me;n oujdeiv~: ejpea;n de; gevrwn gevnhtai kavrta, oiJ
proshvkontev" oiJ pavnte" sunelqovnte" quvousiv min kai; a[lla provbata a{ma aujtw/̀,
eJyhvsante~ de; ta; kreva kateuwcevontai. Tau`ta me;n ta; ojlbiwvtatav sfi nenovmistai, to;n
de; nouvsw/ teleuthvsanta ouj katasitevontai ajlla; gh/̀ kruvptousi, sumforh;n poieuvmenoi
o{ti oujk i{keto ej~ to; tuqh`nai (1.216).81
strabonis mixedviT, iazigebis msgavsi adaTi unda hqonodaT masage-
tebs (11. 8. 5), sogdebsa da baqtriebsac (11. 11. 3); igi saintereso cnobas
gadmogvcems kaspiebis Sesaxeb, romlebic klavdnen TavianT mxcovan wina-
prebs: Kavspioi de; tou;" uJpe;r eJbdomhvkonta e{th limoktonhvsante" eij" th;n ejrmivan
ejktiqevsin (11. 11. 8).82 Tu naxavdnen, rom gvamebs Citebi daesien, ambobdnen,
gansvenebuli netariao; Tu veluri cxovelebi da ZaRlebi daepatronebo-
dnen, naklebad netariao. Tu gvams aravin miekareboda, micvalebuls
ubedurad Tvlidnen.
Tu wyaroebSi dadasturebul informacias flakusTan warmodgenil
versias SevupirispirebT, savaraudod, flakusi icnobs am adaTs, Tumca
mas garkveuli transformaciiT warmogvidgens: axalgazrda Taoba sakuTa-
ri xeliT klavs xanSi SesulT, romelTac brZolis Zala aRar SeswevT.
81 maT adamianis asaki sulac ar aqvT gansazRvruli, garda imisa, rom, rodesac
Zalian moxucdeba kaci, yvela misi naTesavi moiyris Tavs erTad, daklaven moxucs da
masTan erTad sxva saqonelsac, moxarSaven xorcs da inadimeben. es miCneulia maT Soris
ubednieres aRsasrulad. xolo avadmyofobiT mkvdars ki ar Wamen, aramed marxaven da
ubedurad Tvlian, rom dakvlam mas ar mouwia.
82
`70 wels gadacilebulebs SimSiliT klavdnen da maT gvamebs udabur adgilebSi
yridnen. Tavad Soridan uTvalTvalebdnen~.
59
mTavari inovacia aris flakusiseuli motivacia: igi am adaTs ukavSirebs
cneba virtus-is gagebas. axla ki ufro dawvrilebiT: gesanderis locvaSi,
romelsac igi gardacvlili mamis aCrdilisadmi aRavlens, Cans, rom es
aris adaTi, romelic mas mama-papaTagan mosdgams, TviTonac asrulebs da
momaval Taobasac gadascems. Sesabamisad, wesis ardamorCileba da
ugulebelyofa mkrexelobad iTvleba tomis warmomadgenelTa Sexedule-
biT. flakusi am emociurad datvirTul scenaSi gviCvenebs gansxvavebas
or msoflmxedvelobas Soris, magram sayuradReboa, rom flakusi warmo-
gvidgens ara elini/barbarosi dapirispirebas, aramed, zogadad, adamianTa
msoflmxedvelobas Soris arsebul gansxvavebas: erTi mxriv, adaTis
damcvel iazigs, xolo, meore mxriv, kolxs Soris, romlisTvisac
miuRebelia es adaTi. garemoebas akvitesis statusic amZimebs, SemTxveviTi
ar unda iyos, rom igi aris mavedrebeli mama, romelic mTeli omis
ganmavlobaSi cdilobs, daicvas Svili ubedurebisgan. mkiTxvelis TvalSi
aRSfoTebas iwvevs is, rom gesanderi xanSiSesul qurums, romelsac brZo-
lis velze waawydeba, ulmoblad klavs da ar Seibralebs mavedrebels.
sikvdilis piras misuli akvitesi ki RmerTs kvlav Svilis mfarvelobas
evedreba, rom RmerTma Svils aaridos mrisxane gesanderis xeli.
rogor interpretacias aZlevs TviT flakusi am adaTs? akvitesi
gesanders Sewyalebas sTxovs: genitor tibi si manet, oro / canitiem, comesce minas et si
tibi natus / parce meo, 305ff. gesanderi mas ar Seiwynarebs, ramdenadac es mis
adaTs ewinaaRmdegeba, Sesabamisad, misi Tvalsazrisi aseTia: `Genitor…ipse
hac occumbere dextra/maluit…/ et tibi si pietas nati, si dextra fuisset,/ haut medii precibus
tereres nunc tempora belli” (308-314). gesanderisTvis es saqcieli aris pietas, da
mas rom akvitesi Seewynarebina, mis vaJkacobas Crdili miadgeboda,
SesaZloa, Temidan moekveTaT kidec. amis safuZvelze germaneli mecnieri
e. liuTe miiCnevs, rom misi saqcieli SeiZleba SevafasoT rogorc virtus
siqvele, ramdenadac is asrulebs wess, romelic mama-papaTagan mosdgams.83
Cven ar veTanxmebiT am mosazrebas, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT TviT gesan-
deris aRsasrulis formas: akvitesisadmi mimarTul sityvaSi gesanderi
SeniSnavs, rom ymawvils nebismieri xvedri Sehferis: SiSveli xeliT
83 E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971.
60
brZolac da daumarxavad darCenac ki: iuvenis sors pulchrior omnis: / et certasse
manu decet et caruisse sepulchro (6. 313-4), Tumca TviTon mas sicocxlis bolo
wuTebSi qalebTan SebrZoleba uwevs da amaZonTa dedofali evriale
klavs (6. 379ff.). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gesanderma sakuTar Tavs yvelaze
samarcxvino ganaCeni gamoutana, rasac flakusi lakonurad ori sityviT
gadmogvcems misive piriT: `heu pudor~ (6. 374).
4.2. hesiones ganTavisufleba
àrgonavtikis~ meore TavSi argonavtebi kolxidisaken mgzavrobisas

SeCerdebian troasTan, koncx sigeumTan. herkulesi aTavisuflebs mefe
laomedonis asuls, kldeze mijaWvul hesiones, klavs urCxuls, romelic
qalwuls sikvdils uqadis (2, 445-578). rogorc zemoT ganxiluli epizodi,
arc es gvxvdeba apolonios rodoselTan, masTan mxolod is aris
aRniSnuli, rom argonavtebma Cauares troas sanapiros (Ap. Rhod. I 922-935).
hesiones ganTavisuflebis ambavi miTologiur tradiciaSi argonavtebis
TemasTan aris dakavSirebuli. amis Sesaxeb cnoba gvxvdeba diodorosTan
(Diod. Sic. 4, 32.42.49, savaraudod, dionisios skitobraqionze dayrdnobiT)
da higinusTan (fab. 89). diodorosTan es pasaJi sxva adgilas aris
warmodgenili da gansxvavebuli datvirTvac aqvs: masTan es aris pirveli
punqti, sadac argonavtebi SeCerdnen; miniebi SemTxveviT xvdebian qariS-
xlis Sedegad am sanapiroze; herakle marto Cadis gmirobas, telamoni ar
imyofeba mis gverdiT; laomedoni megobrulad aris herakles mimarT
ganwyobili, ar aris dasaxelebuli mizezi, magram alkids surs, Tavisi
jildo mogvianebiT waiRos, situacia konfliqtamde ar midis, Tumca isic
aris aRniSnuli, rom mogvianebiT gmiri mainc iZulebulia laomedons
mosTxovos Tavisi kuTvnili jildo da troaze ieriSi miaqvs. higinusTan
herkulesi da telamoni erTad ibrZvian urCxulis winaaRmdeg. aSkaraa,
flakusma am epizodis winamorbedebisgan gasxvavebuli versia warmogvid-
gina, da, rac mTavaria, igi ar aris konteqstidan amovardnili, aramed
organul kavSirSia poemaSi ganviTarebul sxva ambebTan. am epizodis
mniSvnelovnebasTan dakavSirebiT mecnierebs sxvadasxva damokidebuleba
aqvT: r. v. garsoni ver xedavs, Tu ra datvirTva gaaCnia am epizods mTli-
61
ani nawarmoebisaTvis;84 h. m. purtvlie àrgonavtikis~ meore wignisaTvis
TandarTul Tavis komentarebSi gamoTqvams Tvalsazriss, rom epizodis
funqcia aris herakles rolis gamokveTa,85 iupiteris samyaros gegmis gan-
xorcielebisaTvis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia da, amave dros,
flakuss aZlevs SesaZleblobas, gaejibros ovidiuss (Sdr. ovidiusTan
persevsisa da andromedas ambavi, Met. 4, 663-764). iupiteris gegmasTan
mimarTebas purtvlie imaSi xedavs, rom aq gamosaxuli koncefciis
Tanaxmad, Zalaufleba unda gadavides aziidan saberZneTSi, Sesabamisad,
troas omi am gegmis erT-erTi etapia. mecnieris Tanaxmad, hesiones
epizodSi aRwerili movlenebi dakavSirebulia herkulesis mier troas
dangrevasTan (rac miTologiuri tradiciiT pirveli gamodis), aqedan
gamomdinare, meorea troas omi;86 g. manuvaldi ar eTanxmeba purtvlies im
sakiTxSi, rom iupiteris gegmaSi laparakia troas pirveli dangrevis
Sesaxeb, aramed fiqrobs, rom troas omi aq argonavtebis laSqrobis
konteqstSia warmodgenili, ara mxolod imitom, rom argo pirveli
xomaldi iyo, romelmac Soreul naosnobaSi miiRo monawileoba da amiT
SesaZlebeli gaxda omebis warmoeba sxvadasxva xalxebs Soris, aramed
imiTac, rom dakavSirebulia Zalauflebis cvlasTan: argonavtebi medeas
itaceben da saberZneTSi mihyavT, mogvianebiT troeli parisi itacebs
spartel elenes da troaSi miemarTeba.87 Sesabamisad, am konteqstSi unda
ganvixiloT es pasaJic.
am epizodis Sinaarsi mokled aseTia: argonavtebi moxvdebian
troasTan axlos, sigeumis koncxTan; miniebi banakis gaSliT arian
dakavebulni, herkulesi da telamoni sanapiros gaswvriv seirnoben da
moesmebaT sasikvdilod ganwirulis yvirili, dainaxaven kldeze mi-
jaWvul qalwuls, dainteresdebian misi vinaobiT da xvedriT. qalwuli
yveba, rom udanaSauloa, ilusis modgmas ekuTvnis, romelic odesRac
bednieri iyo, Tumca amJamad ubedurebam moicva laomedonis saxli. Wiri
daatyda mis qveyanas, Semdeg ki zRvis urCxuli, romelsac msxverplad
84 R. W. Garson, Some Critical Observations on Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica. I, CQ 14, 1964, 276.
85 hesiones epizodSi herkulesis rolis gamokveTis da iupiteris gegmasTan am
epizodis mimarTebisaTvis ix.: E. Lüthje, op. cit. 1971, 83-4.
86 H.M. Poortvliet, C. Valerius Flaccus. Argonautica Book II. A commentary, Amsterdam 1991, 242f.
87 G. Manuwald, Hesione und der "Weltenplan" in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, ROV III, München 2004,
147.
62
swiraven TviT mas. igi imedovnebs, rom RvTis niSniT mxsnelad movlenili
herkulesi gaaTavisuflebs, mis dasasaCuqreblad mama laomedons TeTri
cxenebi hyavs. igi herkuless daxmarebas sTxovs da darwmunebulia, rom
mas SeuZlia gadaarCinos qalwuli da troa, radgan alkidi yvelas
aRemateba Tavisi warmosadegobiTa da Zal-RoniT. herkulesi TanagrZnobiT
ganimsWvaleba asulis mimarT. am dros neptunusis nebiT amova zRvis
urCxuli, dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili scena, Tu rogor ebrZvis her-
kulesi urCxuls da amarcxebs kidec mas (2. 497-537).88 mwyemsebi, romelTac
es ambavi gaiges, gaxarebulni arian; herkulesi aTavisuflebs qalwuls
da amayad miemarTeba mefe laomedonTan. ganTavisuflebuli troelebi da
mefe Tavis ojaxTan erTad mis Sesaxvedrad moemarTebian, magram
laomedoni damwuxrebulia, radgan ar surs, Seelios cxenebs. laomedoni
esalmeba gmirs, isini xom iupiteris STamomavlebi arian, iwvevs her-
kuless da sxva argonavtebs qalaqSi dapirebiT, rom momdevno dRes
gadascems kuTvnil cxenebs. Tumca sinamdvileSi ganzraxuli aqvs,
herkulesi RamiT moklas da mis iaraRs daepatronos. radgan mas misnobiT
smenia, rogorc mTxrobeli ganmartavs, rom troa orjer daecema
herkulesis iaraRiT. Tumca vin SeZlebs priamosis samefos aaridos
momavali xvedri, gardauvalia troas dapyroba, rasac ukeTesi troas di-
deba unda mohyves (2. 567-573). herkulesi iZulebulia axali davalebis Ses-
rulebis mizniT laSqroba gaagrZelos skviTiisaken da mefes ukan
dabrunebas hpirdeba, ris gamoc am etapze konfliqti imuxteba
udavod am epizodis datvirTvaa herkulesis figuris gamokveTa:
herkulesi am SemTxvevaSi mzad aris, rom sakuTari iniciativiT da ara
sxvisi brZanebiT, daexmaros sxvas. flakusTan mas, apoloniosisgan
gansxvavebiT, ukve Sesrulebuli aqvs 12 davaleba da mzad aris sxva
saqmeTa Sesasruleblad. is, rom herkulesi uars ambobs laomedonis
saCuqarze, motivirebulia kolxidisken mgzavrobis gagrZelebis aucileb-
lobiT. Sesabamisad, ar iqmneba konfliqturi situacia laomedonsa da
herkuless Soris, rasac mis mier troas dangreva unda mohyoloda.
davalebas am SemTxvevaSi TviTon hesione aZlevs herkuless da Tavisi
88 brZolis scenebTan dakavSirebiT ix. H. Stadler, Hercules' Kampf mit dem Seeungeheuer (Val.
Flacc. 2. 497-549), ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 181-196.
63
xvedris Sesaxeb mxolod mianiSnebs: ar ambobs, rom Wiri apolonis mier
iqna movlenili, neptunusis mier ki zRvis urCxuli mamamisis laomedonis
dasasjelad, radgan man Sepirebuli jildo ar misca RmerTebs, romle-
bic troas galavnis agebaSi daexmarnen. flakusTan hesione ar eubneba
bolomde herkuless simarTles, ifargleba mxolod imiT, rom bedni-
erebam miatova laomedonis saxli (2. 473-474). herkulesi am SemTxvevaSi
imave mdgomareobaSia, rogorSic iasoni aRmoCnda kolxidaSi. msgavsad
medeac, iasons pirdapir ar uxsnis aietsa da persess Soris omis
warmoSobis mizezs, ufro metic, persess moixseniebs rogorc impius hostis
(5. 396). mxolod mas Semdeg, roca aieti iasons uars etyvis sawmisis
gacemaze, ganWvrets gmiri mefis namdvil saxes. laomedons ar surs
dapirebuli cxenebi misces herkuless, piriqiT, cdilobs, dro moigos,
rom am satyuaraTi miityuos da RamiTYveragulad gauswordes. flakusi
aq rTavs motivacias, romlis Tanaxmadac, laomedons smenia, rom troa
orjer daecema herkulesis iaraRis qveS (2. 570-571). msgavsad aris
motivirebuli aietis tyuilic. man misnobiT icis, rom, Tu gascems oqros
sawmiss, dakargavs Zalauflebas, amitom aRar iRebs yurad kolxi qurumis
gafrTxilebas. laomedoni ewinaaRmdegeba misnobas, roca ganizraxavs
herkulesis mokvlas, Tumca radgan herkulesi laSqrobis gagrZelebas
apirebs, am momentisaTvis konfliqti imuxteba.
g. manuvaldis Tanaxmad, flakusi svams TxrobaSi am epizods, Tumca
cdilobs, rom ar iyos Tematizebuli masTan dakavSirebuli troas
pirveli dangreva. aramed piriqiT, wina planze surs wamowios troas
meore dangreva. TviT SeniSvnac primum (2. 445), rodesac argonavtebi
sigeumis koncxTan moxvdebian, mianiSnebs imaze, rom mogvianebiT es
napirebi kvlav ixilaven berZnul gemebs. manuvaldis Tvalsazriss, rom
hesiones epizodi ar unda ganvixiloT iupiteris samyaros gegmis WrilSi,
isic amyarebs, rom troelebi hesiones epizodSi moixseniebian ara
rogorc aziis warmomadgenlebi, aramed frigielebi (Sdr. 2. 485, 551, 578).
rogorc Cans, flakusisaTvis es aris neitraluri saxeli troasaTvis,
ramdenadac es saxeli gamoiyeneba geografiuli lokalizaciisaTvisac
(mag., 2.633); poemis prooimionSi igi uwodebs iuliur-klavdianur modgas
frigielebs (1.9), riTac am cnebas akavSirebs romaelebTan. rodesac
64
argonavtebi sigeumTan SeCerdebian, flakusi ar ambobs, rom es aziaa,
aramed piriqiT, troadan gamgzavrebis Semdeg aRwers helespontoss,
sadac xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom am adgilas imijneba erTmaneTisagan
evropa da azia (2.613-615). manuvaldis azriT, am epizods iupiteris
gegmisgan damoukidebeli mniSvneloba aqvs. misi funqciaa, gamosaxos
gansakuTrebuli genealogiuri mimarTeba troelebsa da romaelebs Soris
misi saxelovani, magram TviT negatiuri aspeqtebiTac ki, romelic war-
modgenilia hesiones ganTavisuflebis scenaSi da amiT `samyaros gegmaSi~
warmogvidginos romi, rogorc ukeTesi troa.89
4.3. herkulesis mier promeTes ganTavisufleba
zemoT ganxilul epizodTan paralels gviCvenebs àrgonavtikis~

sxva pasaJic, kerZod, herkulesis mier promeTes ganTavisufleba. vfiq-
robT, saWiroa sagangebod SevaCeroT masze yuradReba.
udavod, flakusi apolonios rodoselisgan aris inspirirebuli,
rodesac am epizods rTavs Tavis àrgonavtikaSi~, Tumca aseve TvalsaCi-
noa am epizodis gansxvavebuli motivacia da axleburad gadmocemis sur-
vili.90 apolonios rodoseli ifargleba informaciiT, rac uSualod
promeTes tanjvas asaxavs. argonavtebi vidre kavkasuss Cauvlian, xedaven
arwivs, romelic mifrinavs mijaWvuli promeTesken, esmiT tanjulis
gminva da uyureben, Tu rogor mofrinavs ukan sisxliani frinveli (Ap.
Rhod. II 1246-1259). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom masTan es movlena, gancalkevebiT
dgas da moqmedebis ganviTarebisaTvis ar aris relevanturi, maSin roca,
flakusi poemaSi ramdenimejer amaxvilebs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas
titanTan dakavSirebul ambebze. am Temis SemotanisaTvis flakusi sa-
fuZvels argonavtebis kolxidaSi misvlamde didi xniT adre amzadebs.
igi poemis meoTxe wignSi warmogvidgens e. w. RmerTebis scenas, sadac
apoloni, latona da diana Seamdglomloben herkuless, rom man gaaTavi-
89 G. Manuwald, op. cit., 2004, 159.

90 promeTe moxseniebulia senekasTanac (Sen. Herc. Oet. 1207-1210); ovidiusi promeTes
ukavSirebs adamianis Seqmnas (Ov. Met. I, 78-88). CvenTvis mniSvnelovania is informacia, rac
higinusTan dasturdeba: igi mogviTxrobs, rom gmirma gaafrTxila iupiteri morideboda
Tetiss, ris gamoc madlieri RmerTi masTan herkuless agzavnis arwivis mosaklavad (Hyg.
fab. LIV).
65
suflos promeTe, rac misTvis Rirseuli davaleba iqneboda. meores
mxriv, promeTes ganTavisuflebas amaod cdilob iapetusic miwisqveSeTi-
dan. Svilis keTildReobisaTvis mavedrebeli mama, romelic miuxedavad
furiebis winaaRmdegobisa, cdilobs, hadesidan miawvdinos xma iupiters,
savsebiT ucxoa apolonios rodoselisaTvis, iseve rogorc zemoT dasa-
xelebuli RmerTebis scena. iupiteri dahyveba ukvdavTa nebas da iRebs
promeTes ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas. herkulesis mier
promeTes ganaTavisuflebis procesi detaluradaa aRwerili ukve mexuTe
wignSi, rodesac argonavtebi kavkasuss uaxlovdebian, magram erTi unda
aRiniSnos, rom realurad maT ar ician, Tu ra xdeba sinamdvileSi, arc
is ician, rom am dros kavkasusTan herkulesi imyofeba (5, 154-176).
sagangebod gvacnobs poeti adgilmdebareobas, vidre promeTes
samyofelis aRweraze gadavidodes. Tavdapirvelad dasaxelebuli arian
xalibebi, romlebic rkinis mopovebis da iaraRis damzadebis xelovnebas
floben, iupiter geneteusis klde, tibarenTa mwvane tbebi, mosinebi, mak-
ronebi, biZerebi, filiras napirebi, romlebic odesRac saturnusma
cxenis floqvis dakvriT Seazanzara. amis Semdeg aris dasaxelebuli
promeTes `SiSismomgvreli samyofeli~ kavkasusi, romelic yinulovan
arqtosTan aRmarTula (5. 154-5). araferia naTqvami promeTeze, uSualod
gadadis flakusi promeTes ganTavisuflebis procesis aRweraze (5. 154-
176). alkidi yoveli mxridan Zlierad aryevs myar borkilebs. is, rac
kavkasusis Seryevas mohyveba, warRvnis msgavsia, flakusi xatovani Seda-
rebiT lakonurad gadmogvcems saTqmels: `gaisma xmauri, TiTqos maRla
wamomarTul iupiters Seeryios eTeris simagreebi an neptunusis xels
mTeli qvemo samyaro~; da meore – aRwerilia gaoceba, ramac moicva
yoveli suldgmuli, pontosis Tvaluwvdeneli sanapiro, yoveli iberi,
armeniamde mosaxle da miniebi, romlebmac arc ki uwyodnen, rom mTebSi
alkidi imyofeboda. tantum mirantur ab alto (5. 173) migvaniSnebs, rom mxolod
axla dainaxes miniebma, is risi xmac aqamde esmodaT, aqedan gamomdinare,
SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom ukve gaTenda: àxla maT didebuli zRvidan
acvifrebs TovliT dafaruli napirebi da kldeTa lodebi, amasTanave
aocebT uzarmazari Crdili momakvdavi frinvelis, romlis sisxlic Sav
wvimad iRvreba haerSi~. apoloniosTan arwivi promeTes RviZlis sisxliT
66
aris gaJRenTili, flakusTan ki is herkulesis mier aris daWrili da
sisxlisgan icleba ingentem moribundae desuper umbram / alitis atque atris rorantes
imbribus auras (175-6).
ganwyoba umalve icvleba, rodesac argonavtebi ukve kolxebis mxa-
res miadgebian, marTalia, mze ar anaTebs zenitSi, magram Camavali mze
(`mze ufro axlos anaTebda wyalTan~, 5. 177) ise damTrgunvelad aRar
moqmedebs, rogorc Ramiseuli movlenebi: `dRis miwuruls ukve ixiles
daqanculebma nanatri kolxebi, sadac didi fasisi aqafebuli SesarTaviT
pirdapir zRvaSi Caedineba~ (5. 178-180).
zemoT ganxiluli ori epizodis urTierTkavSirs flakusi sxva
miniSnebiTac migvaxvedrebs. hesiones ganTavisuflebis gamo mefe lao-
medoni herkuless hpirdeba cxenebs, herkulesi ki imis gamo, rom kolxi-
daSi mogzauroba unda gaagrZelos, dros ar kargavs da mefes eubneba,
ukan dabrunebisas gauvlis da waiRebs kuTvnil jildos (2. 574-576).
rodesac promeTes xvedriT Sewuxebuli RmerTebi iupiterTan ikribebian,
am droisaTvis herkulesi ukve CamoSorebulia laSqrobas, apirebs kvlav
troaSi dabrundes, raTa laomedonis danapirebi ZRveni miiRos (4. 58-60),
Tumca iupiters daiTanxmeben RmerTebi, rom gadawyvetileba Secvalos da
herkuless macnes ugzavnis: gadados troaSi laSqroba da jer promeTe
gaaTavisuflos frinvelisgan (4. 78-80).
ramdenadac argonavtebi kulturis matarebelni arian, maTi kol-

xidaSi Casvla, mTavari misiis garda, wesrigis aRdgenas unda emsa-
xurebodes. amdenad, dauSvebelia, rom im qveynebSi, sadac isini Tavisi
misiis ganxorcilebis Sesabamisad xvdebian, raRac ewinaaRmdegebodes
uzenaesi RmerTis mier dadgenil kanonebs, swored amitom Sua-
mdgomloben RmerTebi promeTes, rom akmaros RmerTma tanjva, rom `mxco-
vanma titanma~ sakmarisad zRo danaSauli, swored amitom iRebs iupiteri
gadawyvetilebas ganTavisufldes promeTe.91 flakuss SeeZlo jer
promeTes ganTavisufleba moeTxro CvenTvis da Semdgom mieyvana argonav-
tebi kolxidaSi, an piriqiT, magram, niSandoblivia, rom ganTavisufleba,
drois TvalsazrisiT, swored argonavtebis Casvlas emTxveva. aqve unda
91 H.J. Tschiedel, Prometheus und die Argonauten, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 304.
67
davukvirdeT erT pasaJs poemaSi, rac, erTi SexedviT, SesaZloa,
uzustobad mogveCvenos. medea iasons daxmarebas aRuTqvams da mas aZlevs
jadosnur saSualebas, romelic tanjuli promeTes sisxliT nasazrdo-
ebi miwidan aRmocendeba (Val. Flac. 7. 355-370; Sdr. Ap. Rhod. III 844-866). ro-
gor axerxebs medea moipovos es mcenare, rodesac promeTe am droisaTvis
ukve ganTavisuflebulia da, Sesabamisad, misi sisxli veRar asazrdovebs
mcenares. medea cdilobs, gamoiyenos wamali, romelic ukve aRar arse-
bobs. amdenad, misi jadosnobac Zaladakargulia. hans iurgen Cidlis
azriT, medea miekuTvneba arqaul samyaros, romelsac argonavtebis mier
damyarebul wesrigSi adgili aRar aqvs, Sesabamisad, misi argonavtebis
mier miRebac, ganwirulia, rac marTlac katastrofiT mTavreba.92
rogorc hesiones SemTxvevaSi gacxadebulia romaelebis warmomav-
loba da maTTan herkulesis kavSiri, promeTes SemTxvevaSic aRniSnulia
misi warmomavloba. rogorc Cans, flakusi gangeb aridebs Tavs isedac
cnobili faqtis konstatacias, romelsac apoloniosi misTvis Cveuli
pragmatulobiT warmoadgens, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs pasaJi, sadac iasoni
Tavisi qveynis Sesaxeb gvaZlevs informacias: àris maRali mTebiT
garSemortymuli erTi mxare, cxvrebiTa da saZovrebiT mdidari; iapetoni-
dma promeTem aq warmoSva keTili devkalioni, romelmac pirvelad
aRaSena qalaqebi da ukvdavT taZrebi augo da pirvelad gamefda adamia-
nebze. am mxares irgvliv mosaxleni hemonias eZaxian. iqaa Cemi qalaqi
iolkosi~ (Ap. Rhod. III 1085-1091).93 romaeli epikosi iapetuss sentimenta-
lur scenaSi warmogvidgens, Svilis keTildReobisaTvis mavedrebel ma-
mad, romelic miuxedavad furiebis winaaRmdegobisa, cdilobs, hadesidan
miawvdinos xma iupiters.
rogorc hesiones, aseve promeTes ganTavisuflebis ambavi ar aris
dasaxelebuli iupiteris gegmaSi, Tumca gamoxatavs iupiteris nebas, mis
survils, daamyaros wesrigi. Tu promeTes ambavi kolxidaSi datriale-
bul ambebs, medeas / oqros sawmisis saberZneTSi gadatanas uZRvis win nec
vellera tantum / indignanda manent propiorque ex virgine rapta / ille dolor (1. 546-7), hesiones
92 H.J. Tschiedel, Prometheus und die Argonauten, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 304.
93 Targmani mogvyavs wignidan: apolonios rodoseli, argonavtika. berZn. teqsti
qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca, Sesavali, komentarebi da saZiebeli daurTo a.
uruSaZem, Tbilisi 1970.
68
ambavi SegviZlia miviCnioT troas omis preistoriad, anu aq aris eqsponi-
rebuli is xalxi, romelTa xvedri dacemaa, Tumca momavalSi troa
ukeTesi romi gaxdeba, rac drois TvalsazrisiT argonavtebis laSqrobis
Semdgom moxdeba veniet Phrygia iam pastor ab Ida, / qui gemitus irasque pares et mutua
Grais / dona ferat (1. 549-551).
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac

flakusi mihyveba Tavis elinist winamorbeds, yovelTvis axerxebs aqcen-
tebis ostaturad gadasmas, axali motivaciis Semotanas, zrunavs moqmedi
personaJebis Sinagani samyaros warmoCenaze, cdilobs, arcerTi epizodi
ar idges poemaSi gancalkavebiT, aramed organulad akavSirebs maT sxva
siuJetur elementebTan. flakusTan is epizodebi ganicdian difuzias,
romlebic apolonios rodoselTan mxolod miniSnebis saxiT gvxvdeba, am
SemTxvevaSi flakusi Zvel miTologiur tradicias eyrdnoba da iqidan
iRebs inspiraciis wyaros, Tumca, rogorc kvlevam gviCvena, mTel rig
SemTxvevaSi originalobiT gamoirCeva. miuxedavad imisa, rom mis eposSi
moqmedebis ganviTareba, erTi SexedviT, sworxazovania, aRwers movlenebs
laSqrobis dasawyisidan da gegmazomierad mihyveba ganviTarebuli
movlenebis gadmocemas, romaeli epikosi misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Txro-
bis individualuri maneriT axerxebs mkiTxveli yovelTvis uSualod mov-
lenebis ganviTarebis centrSi hyavdes, moqmedebis gadmomcemi epizodebi
maqsimalurad gaaTavisuflos e. w. `mecnieruli detalebisgan~ da maT
meti dramatizmi SesZinos. imis meSveobiT, rom argonavtebis laSqrobis
ambebs da medea/iasonis Tavgadasavals gadmoscems ara TanamimdevrobiT,
aramed mTeli Tavisi peripetiebiTa da amavdroulad Sors mimavali pers-
peqtiviT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi qmnis epikuri Txrobis axal formas.94
flakusis yvelaze saintereso novatoroba exeba kolxidasTan daka-
vSirebul epizodebs, rasac Cveni naSromis Semdegi Tavi eZRvneba.
94 T. Fuhrer, Ahnung und Wissen: Zur Technik des Erzählens von Bekanntem, ROV, München 1998, 26.
69
II kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli epizodebis ganvrcoba
argonavtikis problematikiT dainteresebul mkvlevarTa nawili gar-

kveul kanonzomierebas xedavs argonavtTa Tqmulebis damuSavebisas, rac
maT safuZvels aZlevs Tqmulebis versiebze ilaparakon. Cveni azriT, aq
saqme gvaqvs argonavtebis Tqmulebis berZnul da laTinizebul interpre-
taciasTan da ara am miTis sxvadasxva versiebTan, rasac cxadyofs kidec
zemoT warmodgenili mimoxilva. Tu argonavtebis Tqmulebis calkeul
siuJetur elements berZnul literaturaSi xSirad mxolod saberZneTis
calkeuli regionis istoriuli interesebisa da sruliad konkretuli
istoriuli movlenebidan gamomdinare amuSavebdnen, romauli literaturi-
saTvis es momenti ukve meorexarisxovani gaxda. a. m., evmeloss95 es miTi
ainteresebs imdenad, ramdenadac is SesaZloa korinToss daukavSiros.
pindarosi kirenes mefeTa winapars, batoss ukavSirebs argonavtTa
Tqmulebas, ramdenadac es ukanaskneli minielTa modgmis mefe iyo.
Sesabamisad, pindaross es Tqmuleba ainteresebs qalaq kirenes daarsebis
konteqstSi. apolonios rodoselis poemaSi detalurad aris gadmocemuli
argonavtTa kolxidaSi laSqrobisa da maTi ukan dabrunebis sakmaod
xangrZlivi marSruti da yvela is ambavi, romelic esoden organulad
daukavSirda argonavtebs; e. w. mecnierul-etiologiuri interesis rac
SeiZleba farTod asaxva mas elinisturi literaturis konteqstSi aqcevs.
is mniSvnelovani novacia, romelic berZnulma modelma ganicada ro-
mauli literaturis farglebSi, exeba ara imdenad Tqmulebis saerTo
informaciul plans, ramdenadac gmirTa moqmedebis motivaciebs da
konkretul movlenaTa ganviTarebas.96 Tqmuleba argonavtebze romael
mweralTaTvis saintereso iyo ZiriTadad ori TvalsazrisiT: istoriul-
geografiuli da wminda mxatvruli. pirveli aspeqti romaelebisaTvis
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, ramdenadac argonavtTa laSqrobis marSruti
garkveulwilad emTxveoda romis imperiis eqspansias anatoliasa da Savi-
zRvispireTSi. istoriul-geografiuli informacia, romelic argonavtTa
Tqmulebis berZnulma interpretaciebma Semogvinaxa, romaelTaTvis axal,
savsebiT konkretul mniSvnelobas iZenda. amdenad, àrgos~ eqspediciis
95 G. L. Huxley, Greek Epic Poetry from Eumelos to Panyassis, London 1969, 60-70.
96 mimoxilvisaTvis ix. c. gigauri. dasax. naSr. 1985, 49-79.
70
saSualebiT romael poetebs SeeZloT, aesaxaT maTi Tanamedrove romis po-
litikis aqtualuri mxareebi.
bunebrivia, valerius flakusis inspiraciis wyaros warmoadgenda,
apolonios rodoselis da sxva antikuri avtorebis garda, ara mxolod
kolxidaSi argonavtebis eqspediciis Sesaxeb arsebuli nawarmoebebi da
wyaroebi, aramed agreTve mTeli berZnuli da romauli epikuri poezia.
Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ratom daamuSava valerius flakusma argonavtebis miTi
ab ovo, maSin rodesac eposis formiT es Tqmuleba jer kidev Zv. w. III s-Si
Seqmna apolonios rodoselma? upirveles yovlisa, unda gaviTvaliswinoT
valerius flakusis Tanamedrove epoqis istoriuli procesebi da
literaturuli tendenciebi. rogorc cnobilia, jer kidev Zv. w. III
saukunis romaeli mwerlebisaTvis sakmaod aqtualuri iyo epikuri fo-
rmiT nawarmoebebis Seqmna:97 livius andronikusi (Zv. w. 280/260-200) cdi-
lobs homerosis eposis laTinuri versiis damuSavebas. gneus neviusi (Zv.
w. 270-201) Tavisi `punikuri omiT~ safuZvels udebs nacionalur romaul
eposs. sayuradReboa, rom rogorc tragediis, aseve eposis sferoSi igi
upiratesobas aniWebs romaul sinamdvilesTan dakavSirebul fabulebs.
eniusi (Zv. w. 239-169) ufro Sors midis da qmnis ànalebs~, rac ukve romis
istoriis gadmocemis cdas warmoadgens.
axali welTaRricxvis pirvel saukuneebSi avgustusis epoqis didi
aRmavlobis paTosi ramdenadme gadaeca e. w. principatis epoqis anu
keisrebis epoqis literaturas. dramatuli Janris paralelurad popula-
ruli xdeba berZnuli eposis `Targze aWrili~ romauli eposi. e. w. nero-
nis epoqisaTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovani gaxda kvlav epikuri Janris
aRorZineba. lukanusi (ax. w. 39-65) qmnis cnobil poemas `farsalia~, ro-
melic warmogvidgens romis didebas ukve ara miTologiuri warsulis
Cvenebis saSualebiT, aramed samoqalaqo omTan da mis ZiriTad figu-
rebTan: iulius keisarTan, pompeussa da katonTan dakavSirebuli ambebis
CvenebiT.
am dros iqmneba valerius flakusis àrgonavtikac~. garda imisa,
rom romaeli poeti acocxlebs apolonios rodoselis scenars da warmo-
97 mimoxilvisaTvis ix.: Handbuch der lateinischen Literatur der Antike (Hrs. v. R. Herzog und P. L.
Schmidt), Bd. I (Hrsg. v. W. Suerbaum), München 2002.
71
gvidgens yvela im komponents, romelic saSualebas iZleva misi àrgona-
vtika~ miniSnebebis donezec gasagebi iyos misi Tanamedrove mkiTxveli-
saTvis, valerius flakusi axdens am miTis politizirebas da Tavis na-
warmoebSi cdilobs, asaxos imperiis xmauri, romelic mas fanjrebidan
esmis.98 ra iyo misTvis stimulis mimcemi? izidavda mas iasonisa da medeas
popularuli ambavi, Tu amoZravebda maSindeli romaelebis interesi omi-
sa da vaWrobisadmi, dedamiwis Semecnebisa da eTnografiisadmi? flakusi
miizida ara marto CamoTvlilma garemoebebma, aramed gansazRvrulma Ta-
nadroulma movlenebma.99 aq igulisxmeba romis aRm. sazRvarze ganviTare-
buli movlenebi, korbulos laSqrobebi, neronis ganzraxva, daemorCile-
bina albanebi kaspiis WiSkarTan, sarmatebis SemoWra misiaSi, vespasi-
anusis laSqroba britaneTze da sazRvao gzis gaxsna,100 oTxi keisris
(oTo, galba, viteliusi, vespasianusi) ZalauflebisaTvis brZola, samoqa-
laqo omebi.101
SeiZleba iTqvas, valerius flakusis argo aris romis imperiis
simbolo da misi mogzauroba Seesabameba romis bedisweras, xolo romis
imperiis bediswera ki swored imperialisturi eqspansiaa, romelsac
valerius flakusis eposi ukavSirebs msoflio mSvidobis ideebs. isto-
riis xma naTlad ismis eqspresiul damokidebulebaSi, romelsac vale-
riusi dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris geografiuli sazRvrebis
topografiis mimarT iCens (apoloniosisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic ar
avlens msgavs interess). es naTlad Cans maSin, rodesac argonavtebi
helespontosSi mogzauroben da rodesac Sav zRvas (evqsinos pontoss)
aRweven. geografiul-politikuri dayofis idea da sazRvrebis SegrZneba
laTinuri argonavtikis marSruts romis ekonomikuri da politikuri
gavlenis sferoSi ganixilavs – es aris apoloniosis àrgonavtikis~ eT-
98 T. d. papagelisi, argos laTinuri marSrutebi: valerius flakusis

àrgonavtika~: àrgonavtebis laSqroba~, masalebi, 12-13 ivnisi, 2008, volosi, 99-107.
99 R. Preiswerk, Zeitgeschichtliches bei Valerius Flaccus, Philologus 89, 1934, 433-442; P. Schenk, Studien
zur poetischen Kunst des Valerius Flaccus: Beobachtungen zur Ausgestaltung des Kriegsthemas in den Argonautica,
C. H. Beck Verlag, 1999; D. Braund, Writing a Roman Argonautica: the Historical Dynamic, Hermathena 154,
1993, 11-17.
100 es cneba xazs usvams mniSvnelovan movlenas, kerZod, argonavtebis eqspedicias
aRm. SavizRvispireTSi. am laSqrobiT saberZneTma gaikvlia gza SavizRvispireTisaken.
101 samoqalaqo omze flakusi uSualod migvaniSnebs àrgonavtikis~ meeqvse wignSi
(6. 402-406).
72
nografiuli da folkloruli xedvisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli
ganzomileba. elinizmis epoqis poeta doctus-is magivrad romaul àrgonavti-
kas~ qmnis keisrebis epoqis romaeli poeti. flakusiseuli argonavtebis
miTosi romauli realiebiT aris ganmsWvaluli. man eposs iseTi elferi
SesZina, rac misi Tanamedrove romaelisaTvis aqtualuri da saintereso
iqneboda: gloria da virtus, potestas da timor, religio da sikvdilisadmi Tamami
damokidebuleba, commercia mundo da msoflios nawilad yofnis SegrZneba
– yvela es faqtori simbolur asaxvas poulobs flakusis àrgonavtika-
Si~. Tqmuleba argonavtTa laSqrobis Sesaxeb, romelic yvela epoqaSi
inarCunebda Tavis aqtualobas, masTan axal ganzomilebas iZens. es
gamoixateba tradiciulad cnobili epizodebisa da personaJebis gverdiT
axali motivebis da figurebis gaCeniT. winamdebare TavSi SevexebiT erT-
erT mniSvnelovan aspeqts, kerZod, SevecdebiT gamovkveToT, Tu rogori
formiT xdeba flakusTan kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli epizodebis
ganvrcoba.
vidre flakusis àrgonavtikis~ im epizodTa ganxilvas SevudgebiT,
romlebic Tematurad kavkasiasTan arian dakavSirebulni, gavarkvioT, ra
damokidebuleba aqvs valerius flakuss am informaciasTan, ra aris
masTan, strabonis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, to; muqw`de~ kai; to; iJstorikovn (XI, 5, 3).
unda gaviTvaliswinoT is garemoeba, rom misi eposi ar warmoadgens
istoriuli xasiaTis nawarmoebs, aramed cnobil miTologiur Tqmulebas
amuSavebs, miuxedavad amisa, igi cdilobs, marTalia, poeturi formiT,
magram sakmaod reliefurad gadmosces kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli
informacia.
argonavtTa laSqrobis istoriuloba jer kidev klasikuri epoqis
mwerlebs sjerodaT: hekateos miletels, skilaqs kariandels, hero-
dotoss, Tukididess, qsenofons da a. S. eratosTenesi (Zv. w. IIIs.) wers:
`Zveli xalxebi yaCaRobisa da vaWrobisaTvis Sua zRvaSi ki ar curavdnen,
aramed napir-napir, rogorc iasoni~ (Strab. I. 3. 2). argonavtebis laSqrobis
istoriulobis dasamtkiceblad strabonTan vkiTxulobT: Lšgetai d' 'I£sona
met¦ 'Armšnou toà Qettaloà kat¦ tÕn ploàn tÕn ™pˆ toÝj KÒlcouj ÐrmÁsai mšcri tÁj
Kasp…aj qal£tthj, kaˆ t»n te 'Ibhr…an kaˆ t¾n 'Alban…an ™pelqe‹n kaˆ poll¦ tÁj
'Armen…aj kaˆ tÁj Mhd…aj, æj marture‹ t£ te 'IasÒnia kaˆ ¥lla Øpomn»mata ple…w. tÕn
73
d ”Armenon enai ™x 'Armen…ou pÒlewj tîn perˆ t¾n Boibh…da l…mnhn metaxÝ Ferîn kaˆ
Lar…shj, toÝj sÝn aÙtù te o„k…sai t»n te 'Akilishn¾n kaˆ t¾n Suspir‹tin ›wj
KalacanÁj kaˆ 'AdiabhnÁj, kaˆ d¾ kaˆ t¾n 'Armen…an ™pènumon katalipe‹n (Strab. XI,
IV, 8).102TviT berZeni avtorebi eZebdnen argonavtebis miTSi sinamdviles
da, amdenad, maT winaSe yovelTvis idga problema, gansakuTrebiT
geografosebisa da istorikosebis SromebSi, maqsimalurad aesaxaT
sinamdvilesTan miaxlovebuli istoriuli faqtebi.
Cndeba kiTxva: ramdenad sarwmunoa berZen istorikosTa wyaroebi
istoriulobis TvalsazrisiT. am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxs diferencirebulad
unda mivudgeT. yvela saistorio werilobiTi wyaro Tavisi epoqis gamoZa-
xilia. masSi Tavs iCens avtoris pirovnuli Tvisebebi, misi sazogado-
ebrivi mdgomareoba, politikuri mrwamsi; a. m., qsenofons (Zv. w. 426-355),
romelic TviT berZnebs miaCndaT arasando avtorad saberZneTis istoriis
Sesaswavlad, qarTveli mecnierebi erT-erT sando wyarod Tvlian swored
imis gamo, rom misi interesebis sferoSi ar Sediodnen Zveli qarTveli
tomebi.103 herodotosis (Zv. w. V s.) principi iyo ìstoriaSi~ warmoedgina
mis mier gagonili Tu mosmenili faqtebi, miuxedavad imisa, sjeroda Tu
ara TviT mas am faqtebis WeSmaritebis. rasakvirvelia, xSirad berZeni
istorikosi cdilobs moaxdinos am faqtebis analizi, gaakeTos saTanado
daskvnebi, gamoTqvas sakuTari Tvalsazrisi ama Tu im cnobasTan
dakavSirebiT, magram maTi sandoobis gansazRvras Tavad mkiTxvels
miandobs. swored amitom, berZeni istorikosis yoveli cnobis ganxil-
visas zustad unda gairkves, sad gvaqvs saqme herodotosis mier mos-
menili Tu nanaxi faqtis aRwerasTan da sad am faqtis herodotosiseul
interpretaciasTan.104 strabons (Zv. w. 63/64 – daaxl. ax. w. 24) ganuwyvet-
liv aRelvebs sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad damajerebelia is informacia, rasac
gadmoscems. a. m., igi Tavis `geografiaSi~, rodesac amaZonebis Sesaxeb
102
àmboben, rom, rodesac iasoni armenos TesalielTan erTad kolxebTan mivida,
man miaRwia kaspiis zRvamde, iberiaca da albaniac gadaiara da didi nawili armeniisa
da midiisa, rogorc mowmobs amas iasonisa da sxvaTa mimarT gankuTvnili mravali
Zegli. armenosi iyo armeniis qalaqidan, im qalaqTagan erT-erTidan, romlebic
mdebareoben boibeidisis tbasTan, ferasa da larisas Soris rom aris. isini ki, vinc
masTan erTad iyvnen, dasaxldnen akiliseneSi da sispiritisSi, kalaqanemde da
adiabenemde. man dautova armenias Tavisi saxeli~.
103 T. yauxCiSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis Zveli berZnuli wyaroebi, Tbilisi 1976, 9.
104 r. gordeziani, herodotes cnoba kolxTa warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, Tsu Sromebi,
162, arqeologia, klasikuri filologia, bizantinistika, Tbilisi 1975.
74
mogviTxrobs, isve rogorc sxva mraval SemTxvevaSi, dgeba problemis wi-
naSe, ra aris miTiuri da ra istoriuli maT ambebSi da gvTavazobs
cnebebis to; muqw`de~ kai; to; iJstorikovn definicias: oƒ mn g¦r ¥lloi tÕ muqîdej kaˆ
tÕ ƒstorikÕn diwrismšnon œcousi· t¦ g¦r palai¦ kaˆ yeudÁ kaˆ teratèdh màqoi
kaloàntai, ¹ d' ƒstor…a boÚletai t¢lhqšj, ¥n te palaiÕn ¥n te nšon, kaˆ tÕ teratîdej À
oÙk œcei À sp£nion· (XI, 5, 3).105
mas Semdeg, rac pompeiusma 65 w. dalaSqra iberia da kolxida, mniS-
vnelovnad gaizarda romaelTa Tvalsawieri kavkasiisa da kavkasieli
xalxebis Sesaxeb, Sesabamisad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom istoriuli wyaroebic
am periodidan met sarwmunoobas iZenen. aRmosavleTis qveynebis da gansa-
kuTrebiT aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTis mimarT interesi garkveulwilad
airekla flakusis Tanamedrove berZen da romael avtorTa nawarmoebebSi.
am procesma asaxva pova valerius flakusTanac. masTan gansakuTrebiT mka-
fiod vlindeba evropisa da aziis sazRvrebis SegrZneba (4. 720). evropisa
da aziis Sepirispireba jer kidev berZnul-sparsuli omebidan iRebs da-
sabams, Zv. w. VI s-is bolos da V s-is dasawyisSi. swored aqedan moyole-
buli gamoiyeneba es terminebi samyaros ori nawilis aRsaniSnavad da zo-
gjer berZnuli da aRmosavluri cxovrebis niris aRmniSvnel ganzogade-
bul verbalur simboloebadac.106 apolonios rodoselTan azia ori
formiT gvxvdeba: ÆAsiv" (I 444 II 777) da ÆAsivh (IV 261-293).107 argosis cnobil
105 `... sxva ambebs miTiuri da istoriuli mxareebi gamijnuli aqvT: Zvels, tyuilsa
da sakvirvels miTebi ewodeba, xolo istorias esaWiroeba WeSmariteba, Zveli iqneba Tu
axali, xolo sakvirveli an ar gaaCnia, an metismetad cota~.
106 R. Gordesiani, Die Gegenüberstellung Europa Asien vom Altertum bis zur Gegenwart, Logos Abhandlungen,
Tbilisi 1997.
107 ÆAsiv": idmonis winaswarmetyvelebaSi `me ki RvTaebis mkacri nebiT sikvdili
miweria Sors – sadme aziis xmeleTze~ (I 444); likosi argonavtebs uyveba herakleze: `mas
aziis xmeleTi fexiT gamoevlo~ (II 777); ÆAsivh: argosis sityvaSi ìyo dro, roca is
mnaTobebi, zecaze rom cimcimeben, jer kidev ar arsebobdnen, arc danaelTa wmida
modgmis saxsenebeli iyo. [qveynad] iyvnen mxolod arkadielebi – apidanelebi;
arkadielebi, romlebic, gadmocemiT, mTvareze adre cxovrobdnen da mTebSi rkoTi
ikvebebodnen. arc pelasguri qveyana imarTeboda saxelovani devkalidebisagan maSin,
roca saxelganTqmuli iyo Savi yanebiT mdidari, uZveles TaobaTa deda-egvipte da diadi
mdinare tritoni, romliTac irwyveboda mTeli Savi [miwa]. zevsisagan movlenili merexi
arasodes ar asvelebda mas da wyaldidobiTac sakmaod uxv nayofs iZleodnen
xodabunebi. amboben, rom erTma vinmem, dandobilma Tavisi xalxis ZalRonesa da
mamacobaze, aqedan gars Semouara mTels evropasa da azias. laSqrobaTa Jams man
daasaxla uricxvi qalaqebi, romelTagan zogi axlac dasaxlebulia, zogi ki – aRar; mas
Semdeg xom mravalma saukunem ganvlo. xolo aia axlac mtkiced dgas da aq [cxovroben]
im vaJkacTa Camomavalni, romlebic man aiaSi samosaxlod daamkvidra. amaT Senaxuli
aqvT TavianT mamaTagan naweri kirbebi, romlebzedac irgvliv mogzaurTaTvis naCvenebia
75
sityvaSi apoloniosi gadmogvcems sesostrisis mier aziis dasaxlebis
ambavs. rac Seexeba termins Eujrwvph, is mxolod argosis sityvaSi moixse-
nieba kontinentad, danarCen sam SemTxvevaSi ki _ personificirebulia (I
181, IV 1643, III 1179). flakusi rom did interess iCens dasavleTsa da
aRmosavleTs Soris geografiuli sazRvrebis topografiis mimarT, naT-
lad Cans maSin, rodesac argonavtebi helespontosSi mogzauroben da
rodesac Sav zRvas aRweven. sagangebod aris aRwerili evropisa da aziis
gasayari. yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ramdenime faqtorze: es regioni
uaRresad wyaluxvia. ubralod CamonaTvalic ki STambeWdavia: istrosis
Svidtotiani delta, tanaisi, tirasi, yviTeli hipanisi, novasi, meotisis
yure. wyali naklebad mariliania; saSineli yinvebis gamo zamTarSi
yvelaferi iyineba.108 aq aris swored evropisa da aziis gasayari (4. 727-
8).109 flakusTan sagangebod aris aRniSnuli da formulirebuli
mniSvnelovani istoriuli faqti: sazRvao gzis gaxsna – argonavtebis mier
simplegadebis gadalaxva: freta, quae longis fuerat impervia saeclis, / ad subitam stupuere
ratem, 711f. romaeli epikosi aRm. SavizRvispireTis aRmoCenas Semdegi sityve-
biT gadmogvcems: `pontosis yvela Soreuli qveyana da mefeni, Soreuli
xalxebi, isini axla aRmoCenilia~ Pontique iacentis / omne solum regesque patent
gentesque repostae, 712-3.
vidre vimsjelebT sakiTxze, Tu ra mimarTebas gviCvenebs flakusi
kavkasiasTan dakavSirebul informaciasTan, Tvali gavadevnoT, rogor
icvleboda epoqebis Sesabamisad damokidebuleba am regionis mimarT.110 ka-
vkasia antikuri epoqidan moyolebuli aRniSnavs qeds Sav zRvasa da kas-
piis zRvas Soris. klasikuramdeli periodis berZnuli wyaroebis mi-
zRvisa da xmeleTis yvela gza da sazRvari~ (IV 261-293); Eujrwvph mxolod aq moixsenieba
kontinentad, danarCen sam SemTxvevaSi personificirebulia: I 181, IV 1643, III 1179.
108 Sdr. strabonis cnoba: èvropidan aziaSi xmeleTTa aRweris mizniT gadasvlisas
Cven mier gamoyofili ori aziuri nawilidan pirveli CrdiloeTiTaa, ris gamoc aRwera
aqedan unda daiwyos. xolo CrdiloeTiT mdebare am qveynebidan pirvelad tanaisis mim-
debare miwebia, romelic (tanaisi) Cven evropisa da aziis sazRvrad davadgineT~ (Strab. XI,
1, 5).
109 Sdr. solis mimarTva iupiterisadmi, romelic paralelebs gviCvenebs meoTxe
wignSi am regionis (zona, 1. 516) daxasiaTebasTan:
1. 515 nube rigens – 4. 729 umbrosae nubes
1. 512 saevum gelu – 4. 722-726
1. 516 nostros ... zona reverberat ignes – 4. 729 umbrosae nubes.
110 mimoxilvisaTvis Sdr.: r. gordeziani, Lektav rCeuli naSromebi. К восприятию
Кавказа в античных истониках, logosi, Tbilisi 2000, 262-267; Herrman, Kauvkaso~, RE XI, 1, 59-62.
76
xedviT kavkasia aRqmulia rogorc regioni, romelTanac dakavSirebulia
promeTesa da argonavtebis Tqmuleba. klasikur periodSi kritikul-
analitikuri azrovnebis ganviTarebasTan erTad xdeba informaciis
kritikuli aRqma. am periodSi kavkasia legendarulis sferodan
realurSi gadadis. klasikuris Semdgomi periodis berZnuli da romauli
wyaroebi ukve aRar arian orientirebulni opoziciaze elinebi/barbarose-
bi. am epoqaSi yalibdeba kavkasiis Sesaxeb realobis met-naklebad adekva-
turi Sexedulebebi. ufro Rrmad gaiazreba kavkasiis geopolitikuri
situacia. yalibdeba Tvalsazrisi kavkasiis eTnikuri siWrelis Taobaze.
cneba kolxida moicavs mravalricxovan toms, romlebic das. saqarTve-
los teritoriaze saxloben. kavkasiis organul nawils warmoadgens am
periodis mweralTa Tanaxmad kompaqturad dasaxlebuli iberia. Sedare-
biT mcirea informacia im tomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic kavkasiis Crd.
ferdobebze binadroben. ZiriTadad yuradReba maxvildeba alanebze,
sarmatebze, skviTur tomebze, romlebic gamoirCevian TavianTi mravalri-
cxovnebiTa da samxreTis tomebTan urTierTobiT. kavkasiis sinamdvilis
amsaxveli cnobebi uxvad mogvepoveba berZnul mwerlobaSi miTridatesis
omebTan dakavSirebiT (Zv. w. II s-is I nax.), rodesac romi sagangebo
interesiT ekideba amierkavkasiis qveynebs. romis imperiis farglebis
ganvrcobasTan erTad farTovdeboda msoflio sazRvrebi. kavkasia sul
ufro met mniSvnelobas iZenda dapirispirebaSi dasavleTi/aRmosavleTi,
evropa/azia da sul ufro da ufro izrdeboda interesi am regionisadmi.
romis imperiis farglebis ganvrcobasTan erTad farTovdeboda msoflio
istoriis ZiriTadi arenis sazRvrebi. amis paralelurad sul ufro da
ufro farTovdeboda kavkasosis roli evropisa da aziis gzajvaredinze.
miuxedavad mravalricxovani adgilobrivi tomebis sistematuri urTierT-
Setakebebisa da diferencirebulobisa, TandaTanobiT ikveTeba kavkasiis
erTianobis xati. es procesi Sejamda stefanos bizantielis èTnikaSi~,
romelic yvelaze didi qedis garSemo ganlagebuli regionis ganmazoga-
debel aRmniSvnelad gvTavazobs termins Kaukasianov~ an Kaukasivth~.111
111
Kauvkaso~, to; o[ro~, o} kai; Paropavnison kalou`si,
tw`n kata; th;n ÆAsivan ojrw`n mevgiston. to; ejqniko;n Kaukavsio~ kai;
Kaukasiva qhlukw`~ ejpi; th`~ cwvra~, ajfÆ ou/ to; Kaukasianov~
wJ~ Kaspianov~. kai; oujdetevrw~ Kaukavsion. levgetai kai; dia;
77
antikurma samyarom, romlis wiaRSic aRmocenda termini kavkasia, pirvel-
ma SeniSna misi umTavresi damaxasiaTebeli niSani – diferencirebuloba
da garkveuli erTianoba. Cvenamde moRweuli yvelaze adreuli wyaro, sa-
dac es oronimi dasturdeba (Kaukavsou pevla~ `kavkasosis maxloblad~),
aris esqile (Prom. desm. 422, Sdr. 719). herodotosTan termini dadasture-
bulia sami formiT: oJ Kauvkaso~ (I 203, 204) – kavkasosis mTis an qedis
aRmniSvneli arsebiTi saxeli, Kaukavsio~ _ o{ro~-is msazRvreli (Kauvkasion
o[ro~ I 104), Kauvkasi~ _ gamoiyeneba saerTod kavkasiis qedis aRmniSvnel
arsebiT saxelad (III 97) da aseve msazRvrelad, Kaukavsio~ o[reo~ (III 97).
Sesabamisad, herodotosTan termini gvxvdeba yvela im ZiriTadi sabaziso
formiT, romelTa safuZvelze antikursa Tu postantikur wyaroebSi nawa-
rmoebia CvenTvis saintereso fuZis Semcveli yvela formativi. apolonios
rodoselTan kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi formebi gvxvdeba: uSua-
lod kavkasosi msazRvrelebiT aijpeinov~ `maRali~: Kauvkason aijphventa (II
1267); nifovei~ `Tovliani~: nifovento~ ... Ú Kaukavsou (III 1224). Kaukavsio~ forma
rogorc msazRvreli dasturdeba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: Kaukavsou ejn knhmoi'si
(II 1210) `kavkasionis mTebSi~; knhmoi`~ e[ni Kaukasivoisin (III 852) `kavkasiis
ferdobebze~; Kaukasivwn ojrevwn (II 1247) `kavkasiis mTebis~; Kaukasivhn a{ladÆ (IV,
135) `kavkasiis zRva~. Kaukasivh aseve dasturdeba nimfa asterodeas,
afsirtosis dedis warmomavlobis aRsaniSnavad: to;n me;n Kaukasivh nuvmfh
tevken ÆAsterovdeia (III, 242);
flakusTanac, rogorc zemoT dasaxelebul wyaroebSi, kavkasusi,
upirveles yovlisa, aris is adgili, sadac promeTea mijaWvuli: Ultimus
inde sinus saevumque cubile Promethei / cernitur, in gelidas consurgens Caucasus Arctos
(5.155); consonat ingens / Caucasus (5. 161); quem te horrifero sortitus in axe /Caucasus 5. 518;
quantus ubi ipse gelu magnoque incanuit imbre / Caucasus (6.612); ante meus caesa descendet
Caucasus umbra (7.55). amas garda gvxvdeba amave saxelis personaJi, romelic
erT-erTi kolxi meomris Tidrusis mamaa. Tidrusi kavkasusma fasisis napi-
rebTan Casaxa Caucasus ad primas genuit quem Phasidis undas (6.641). es personaJi
pirvelad plutarqosTan gvxvdeba, romlis Tanaxmad, kavkasusis saxeli
ukavSirdeba mTas, romelsac am mwyemsis mixedviT ewoda kavkasosi da, Se-
tou` i Kauvkasi~, ejx ou/ to; Kaukasivth~, wJ~ to; ÆOasivth~ th`~
ÆOavsio~.
78
sabamisad, am mTis eponimadac moiazreba: ... ProshgoreÚqh d KaÚkasoj di¦
per…stasin toiaÚthn. Met¦ t¾n gigantomac…an KrÒnoj ™kkl…nwn t¦j DiÕj ¢peil¦j
œfugen e„j t¾n ¢krèreian Boršou Ko…thj· kaˆ e„j krokÒdeilon metamorfwqeˆj [œlaqen· Ð
d PromhqeÝj] ›na tîn ™gcwr…wn poimšna KaÚkason ¢natamën kaˆ katano»saj aÙtoà
t¾n di£qesin tîn spl£gcnwn, epen oÙ makr¦n enai toÝj polem…ouj. Ò d ZeÝj ™pifaneˆj
tÕn mn patšra d»saj plektù ™r…J katetart£rwsen· tÕ d Ôroj e„j tim¾n toà poimšnoj
KaÚkason metonom£saj, prosšdhsen aÙtù tÕn Promhqša kaˆ ºn£gkasen aÙtÕn ØpÕ
splagcnof£gou ¢etoà basan…zesqai, Óti parhnÒmhsen e„j t¦ spl£gcna, æj ƒstore‹
Kle£nqhj ™n g Qeomac…aj gegrafèj (Plut. fluv. 5, 3).112
Caucaseus romael epikosTan gvxvdeba Semdegi sityvebis msazRvrelad:
kavkasusis mdinareebi da kldeebi: congeminant amnes rupesque fragorem / Caucaseae,
stupet ipse dei clamoribus ales (6. 72); kavkasiis kldeebi: Caucaseis speculatrix Iuno
resedit / rupibus (7.190); kavkasiis mTebi: vix ea, Caucaseis cum lapsus montibus anguis
(5.253); kavkasiis nimfebi ad sua Caucaseae producunt flumina nymphae (5. 381);
kavkasiis yvavili: Prometheae florem de sanguine fibrae / Caucaseum promit nutritaque
gramina monti (7. 357); kavkasiis xeebi: Caucaseaeque trabes omnisque Aeetia tellus (7.
565). sainteresoa, rom flakusTan Caucaseus, zemoT CamoTvlili SemTxve-
vebis garda, gansazRvravs promeTes eTnikur warmomavlobas; igi moixseni-
eba rogorc kavkasieli mxcovani: 'in quem alium Alciden, in quae iam tempora differs
/ Caucaseum, rex magne, senem? (4.63).
calke unda SevexoT skviTiis sakiTxs, ras aRniSnavs flakusTan es
cneba, SesaZloa Tu ara misi lokalizeba, ras efuZneba is garemoeba, rom
romaeli epikosi skviTebad moixseniebs iseT tomebs, romlebic ar arian
skviTuri warmomavlobis, riTi aixsneba is faqti, rom TviT kolxi aieti
da kolxi qalwuli medeac masTan ramdenime adgilas skviTebad moixseni-
ebian?
112 `...xolo kavkasioni Semdegi garemoebis gamo ewoda. gigantebTan brZolis Semdeg
zevsis muqaras gamoqceulma kronosma “boreasis sarecels” Seafara Tavi da niangad
qceuli iq imaleboda. magram [promeTevsma], romelmac erTi adgilobrivi mcxovrebi –
mwyemsi kavkasosi mokla da misi Signeuloba gamoikvlia, Tqva, rom mtrebi Sors ar
iyvnen. aq mosulma zevsma mama dagrexili matyliT Sekra da qvesknelSi Caagdo. mTas ki
mwyemsis pativsacemad daarqva kavkasosi, mas miajaWva promeTe da aiZula daeTmina
tanjva – RviZls ukortnida arwivi mwyemsis gul-RviZlisTvis miyenebuli Seuracxyofis
gamo. ase gadmogvcems kleanTesi “Teomaqiis” III wignSi.~
79
pirvelad skviTia herodotosTan gvxvdeba zedsarTauli formiT
Skuqikhv (IV 12, 28, 51, 76, 101, 125, 130, 139), rasac umetes SemTxvevaSi Tan da-
erTvis leqsikuri formativebi cw`ra da gh` (I 105; IV 8, 99, 123, 129).
herodotosis dros skviTia moicavs teritorias qvemo istrossa da ta-
naiss Soris. CrdiloeTiT saxloben araskviTuri tomebi: agaTirsebi, ne-
vrebi, androfagebi da melanqlenebi. samxreTiT esazRvreba pontos evqsi-
nosi. herodotosis gagebiT, skviTebis qveyana didi xnis ganamavlobaSi
warmoadgenda Caketil politikur mTlianobas, vidre iq ar SeiWrnen
sarmatebi, ris Semdegac skviTia sarmatiad iwodeboda, Tumca skviTiis sa-
xeldeba ukvalod ar gamqrala, igi samx.-aRm. evropis yvela nomaduri da
nawilobriv momTabare tomebis, maT Soris monaTesave sarmatebis (rom-
lebic xSirad skviTebadac moixseniebian) ganmazogadebel terminad iqca,
imdenadac ki, rom es saxeldeba Crd. aziur tomebzec vrceldeboda. Se-
sabamisad, ar aris gasakviri strabonis cnoba, romlis Tanaxmadac, mTeli
Crd. azia skviTebis qveyanaa: E„splšonti d' ™n dexi´ mn to‹j EÙrwpa…oij oƒ sunece‹j
SkÚqai nšmontai kaˆ Sarm£tai oƒ metaxÝ toà Tan£idoj kaˆ tÁj qal£tthj taÚthj,
nom£dej oƒ ple…ouj, perˆ ïn e„r»kamen· ™n ¢rister´ d' oƒ prÕj ›w SkÚqai, nom£dej kaˆ
oátoi, mšcri tÁj ˜óaj qal£tthj kaˆ tÁj 'IndikÁj parate…nontej. ¤pantaj mn d¾ toÝj
prosbÒrrouj koinîj oƒ palaioˆ tîn Èll»nwn suggrafe‹j SkÚqaj kaˆ KeltoskÚqaj
™k£loun· (Strab.XI,6,2).113 geografos marinosTan da ptolemaiosTan kvlav
vxvdebiT cnobas imis Sesaxeb, rom skviTebis saxeldeba vrceldeboda
Crd. aRmosavleTis udides nawilze, maSin roca, am droisTvis Zveli
skviTuri teritoriebi evropaSi sarmatiad iwodeba, romelsac md. tanaisi
mijnavda evropul da aziur nawilebad.114 berZnuli terminiT Skuvqai (laT.
Scythae) moixseniebdnen tomebs, romlebic upiratesad momTabare cxovrebas
eweodnen da romlebic Zv. w. VII saukunidan gvianantikurobamde moyole-
buli CrdiloeTSi da pontos evqsinosis Crd.-das.-iT saxlobdnen. Crd.
sazRvrebad moiazreboda teritoria mdinareebs istrossa (dunai), tirass
113 `Sig rom SevcurdebiT (kaspiis zRvaSi), marjvena mxares, evropelebis momijnaveni
arian skviTebi da sarmatebi, romlebic cxovroben tanaissa da am zRvas Soris. eseni,
rogorc ukve vTqviT, metwilad momTabareebi arian. marcxena mxares ki arian aRmosa-
vleTis skviTebi. esenic momTabareebi arian da gadaWimulni arian aRmosavleTis
zRvamde da indoeTamdec ki. Zveli elini aRmwerelni yvela am CrdiloeTis xalxebs
sazogadod skviTebsa da keltoskviTebs uwodebdnen~.
114 K. Kretschmer, Scythia, RE II A,1, 942-946.
80
(dnestri), hipaniss, borisTeness (dnepri) da tanaiss (doni) Soris. berZne-
bis da romaelebis Sexeduleba skviTebis Sesaxeb ambivalenturia: erTi
mxriv, skviTebs miiCnevdnen barbarosebad, meore mxriv, bunebasTan
daaxlovebul, samarTlian da morwmune adamianebad (Thuk.2,97; Strab.7,3,7f.).
dariosis laSqrobebTan dakavSirebiT skviTebi pirvelad herodotosTan
dasturdebian. bizantiuri periodis CaTvliT skviTebad ganusxvaveblad
moixseniebodnen CrdiloeTis da Crd.-aRm. barbarosi xalxebi.115
antikur wyaroebSi ar aris azrTa erTianoba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
masStabebs moicavs skviTia. es viTareba aisaxeba flakusTanac. igi àrgo-
navtikis~ SesavalSive faziss moixseniebs skviTur mdinared da aietsac
da medeasac skviTebad miiCnevs hunc ferus Aeetes, Scythiam Phasinque rigentem
(1.43); da Scythiam Phasinque mihi tuque, innuba Pallas (1. 87); kreTevsis misnobaSi
medea moixsenieba rogorc sapatarZlo skviTiidan mox Scythiae spoliis
nuribusque superbus / adveniet (1.745). Tumca, amavdroulad, meeqvse wignSi, sadac
aieti da persesi upirispirdebian erTmaneTs, kargad aris gamijnuli, Tu
vin moiazrebian kolxebad da vin maTTan dapirispirebul Zalad: Musa,
mone, quanto Scythiam molimine Perses / concierit (6.34) `muzav, Semaxsene rogori
mowadinebiT aRagznebda persesi skviTias~; Talia certatim Minyae sparsique Cytaei /
funera miscebant campis Scythiamque premebant (6. 428) ` miniebma brZolaSi
gainawiles kviteelebis xvedri brZolis velze da Seaviwroves skviTebi~;
'quid me iam patriis eiectum sedibus istas / ut struerem pugnas Scythiamque in bella moverem /
vos superi (6. 728) gawbilebuli persesi mimarTavs qalRmerTebs, rom omSi
skviTia damarcxda; Sdr. aseve sic demum rapidi venies ad Phasidis amnem. / castra ibi
iam Scythiae fraternaque surgit Erinys (4.617); finevsis misnobaSi kolxebTan dapi-
rispirebuli Zala iwodeba skviTebad: concutiens Scythiaeque super tentoria sistit
(6.7) `bolos mixval mCqefare fasisis wylebTan iq ukve skviTebis karvebia
gaSlili~; Sdr. aseve persesis damxmare Zala, romlebic skviTur razmad
moixsenieba nec minus hinc urget Scythiae manus armaque Canthi (6. 350); aut Scythiae tanta
inde manus (7.424); kimerieli misani vanusi skviTiis axalgazrdobas argona-
vtebis laSqrobebis Sesaxeb uambobs: Vanus, eum Scythiae iam tertia viderat aetas (6.
115); persesis mokavSire kolaqsesi mimarTavs argonavtebs 'vos Scythiae saturare
115 I. v. Bredov, Skythen, DNP 11, 644-656.
81
canes Scythiaeque volucres / huc miseri venis<tis>? (6. 647) `modiT, ugnurno, skviTiis
ZaRlebis da skviTiis frinvelebis sajijgnad.~
Scythicus zedsarTauli forma flakusTan gvxvdeba msazRvrelad Se-
mdeg SemTxvevebSi: skviTuri fasisi (1.2); skviTuri zRva (1. 58, 1. 331, 2.379, 2.
574); skviTiis mefe (1. 345, 1. 442); skviTiis miwa (1. 442); skviTiis Svili sic.
aieti (1. 503); skviTiis mdinare (2. 595); skviTuri samsxverplo (2. 648); skvi-
Tiis simdidre (3.307); skviTiis mefeebi (3. 496); skviTiis qveyana (3. 617); skvi-
Turi napirebi (3. 653, 6.49, 7.42); skviTiis xalxi (4.9); skviTuri mSvildi (4.
728); skviTiis qalaqi (5.224, 5. 325); skviTiis saxlebi (5. 516); skviTiis yure
(6. 319); skviTuri istrusi (8.185).
TvalSisacemia flakusis damokidebuleba am terminebis SerCevisas:
rac ufro uaxlovdebian argonavtebi nanatr kolxidas, miT ufro meti
konkretizacia da diferenciacia xdeba; a. m. Tu naosnobis daniSnulebis
mxare argonavtebis mogzaurobis dasawyisSi ganzogadebuli saxeliT
CrdiloeTiT (arctos), fazisi skviTur mdinared, xolo aieti da medea skvi-
Tebad moixseniebian (1. 345, 1. 442), argonavtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis momen-
tisaTvis meti konkretizacia xdeba. eTnikurobis ganmsazRvreli sxvada-
sxva termini iCens Tavs: kolxi116, aieli117, kviteeli118, fasiseli119. medea
Tu poemis dasawyisSi moixsenieba rogorc sapatarZlo skviTiidan, argo-
116 Colchus: ...saevi capient quae gaudia Colchi, 3.698; Phasidis et mites' inquit 'dent vellera Colchi, 4.706;
apparent trepidi <per> Phasidis ostia Colchi, 5.440; hinc pariter Colchi Graique sequuntur / missilibus, 6.190;
concurrunt ultroque ruunt in funera Colchi, 6. 241; atque 'hanc, o siquis vobis dolor iraque, Colchi, / accelerate viam
8.264; qua iussos sectatur quaerere Colchos / arte queat, 1.66; repperit et Colchos in me luctumque meorum, 1. 201;
ei mihi, Colchos / unde ego et avecti timuissem vellera Phrixi?, 1. 327; tu quoque Phrixeos remo, Poeantie, Colchos
/ bis Lemnon visure petis, 1. 391; prodigiis quatiuntque truces oracula Colchos, 1. 743; ipse truces illic Colchos
hostemque iuvabis, 4.618; vosque, viri, optatos huc adfore credite Colchos, 3.82; coeperat optatos iam lux ostendere
Colchos, 5.178; cernis,' ait 'Colchos habeant quae proelia quique, 5. 283; Phasidis hos imponat agris Colchosque
vocari / imperet, 5. 420; ac simul hinc Colchos, hinc fundit in aequora Persen, 6.30; Graiugenas, omnes rapturus
acumine Colchos, 6. 389; dispulerant Colchos pariterque inglorius Armis, 6. 530; venerat ut Colchos procul atque
Aeetia Parthis, 6. 691; fas mihi non habiles, fas et tibi linquere Colchos, 7. 231; quisve pudor Colchos iterum
fratremque videnti, 8.313; haud usquam Colchorum animi ~neque in peste revinctos~ / tela, 6.417; robur inest; nec
enim solis dare funera Colchi, 3.681; haec tum miracula Colchis / struxerat, 5.451; non opus auxilio Colchis nec
foedere vestro, 5. 633; quem genitor Colchis solioque imponere fratris / iam statuit, 6.742; te iubet aut ullas Colchis
abducere natas, 8. 156; nec numero quoniam Colchis nec puppibus aequos, 8. 320; infesto clamore ruunt inimicaque
Colchis / aequora, 8. 326; lumina et admotis nimium mens anxia Colchis / profuit, 5. 50.
117 Aeaeus: Caspius Aeaeum correpto crine Monesen /abstulit (6.189).
118 Cytaeus (a) adj.: sed fama Cytaeae / virginis 6.156; fertur et ipsa furens ac se modo laeta Cytaeis /
agminibus, 6. 543; aspicis ut Minyas inter proceresque Cytaeos / emicet effulgens quantisque insultet acervis, 6.
595; tum iuvenem terris Parcae tenuere Cytaeis / ac subiti Mavortis amor, 6. 693; (b) subst.: Talia certatim Minyae
sparsique Cytaei / funera miscebant campis Scythiamque premebant, 6.427; ...nova lux offusa Cytaeis, 5.466.
119 Phasiades: et desertus equo Thydrum pedes excipit hasta / Phasiaden, 6.640.
82
navtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis momentisaTvis kolx qalwulad iwodeba.120
ufro reliefurad imijneba erTmaneTisagan CrdiloeT da aRmosavleT Sa-
vizRvispireTi. es kargad Cans epiTetebisa da Sedarebebis donezec; Tu
CrdiloeTis eqsponirebaSi Warbobs Tovli, gausaZlisi klimaturi da
sayofacxovrebo pirobebi, kolxidis dasaxasiaTeblad mravalgzis gamo-
iyeneba mzis, siTbos da sinaTlis aRmniSvneli terminebi.121 Crd. SavizRvi-
spireTi zogadad moxseniebulia terminiT Arctos.122 CrdiloeTi kargad
aris eqsponirebuli flakusTan iazigi meomris gesanderis sityvaSi, rom-
liTac argonavt kanTuss SiSs hgvris: `Sen, argivelo, romelmac es
sacxovrisebi myudrod da adamianurad miiCnie, xedav aq, sabralov,
gansxvavebul JamTa cvlas, masazrdovebel Tovls da sicocxlis droul
ugulebelyofas. arc mCate niCbebze xelebis dawyoba gvexerxeba, da arc
zurgqaris lodini gvWirdeba. cxenebs davaqrolebT zRvis gayinul Su-
agulSi an iq, sadac istrosi wyals aCuxCuxebs. ar vwyalobT Tqveni
qalaqis kedlebs: axla Tavisuflad davqrivar CrdiloeTis zegnebze.
yvelaferi maqvs da yovelives Tan davatareb; SesaZloa mxolod etli da-
vkargo da am nadavlsac didi xniT ver daisakuTreb rogorc gamar-
jvebuli. sazrdo ki Cveni aris yovelgvari pirutyvi Tu nadiri; gaugzavne
aziis, argolidis mcxovrebT ambavi, rom SiSi nu eqnebaT: arasodes
davtoveb me am yinvas, am kldeebs, marsis velebs, sadac aseT Smag
mdinareSi Cveni STamomavloba da axalSobilebi gamovawrTeT, sadac am-
dengvaria sikvdili kacTaTvis. amgvarad mSobliur yinvaSi omic da
nadavlis mopovebac tkbilia~ (6. 323-339).
120 Colchis: Colchis erat nondum miseros exosa parentes, 5.349; fundere taeda / Colchis et aequali dominam
lustrare caterva, 7.181; et iamiam magico per opaca silentia Colchis, 7. 389;...sed non incendia Colchis / adspirare
sinit clipeoque inliditur ignis, 7. 584;... alium dehinc turbida Colchis / exarmat, 7. 596; Iamque manus Colchis
~crinem~que intenderat astris, 8.68; Somne pater: 'Somne omnipotens, te Colchi[di]s ab omni, 8. 70; contra
Tartareis Colchis spumare <venenis>, 8. 83; Colchis et Haemonius nobis succedet adulter, 8. 338; sensit diva dolos
iam pridem sponte requirens / Colchida, 6.468; His ubi nequiquam nutantem Colchida curis / Iuno videt, 7.153;
Cytherea petivit / Colchida, 7. 190; flebat et invito prospexit Colchida vultu, 7. 575; At trepidam in thalamis et iam
sua facta paventem / Colchida, 8.2; gemit inritus ille / Colchidos ora tuens, 7.369; ergo iter<um> ad socias
convertere Colchidos artes, 7. 625; Sdr. kolxi qalebi Colchides aequalesque tibi, Medea, puellae, 8.142.
121 ergo ubi lux altum sparget mare (5.318); Sol propius flammabat aquas extremaque fessis/ coeperat optatos
iam lux ostendere Colchos (5.177-8). kolxidaSi mdebareobs mzis RmerTis, solis taZari; aieti
solis vaJia; iasoni mas mimarTavs rogorc hiperionis Zes rex Hyperionide (5.471).
122 cernitur, in gelidas consurgens Caucasus Arctos, 5.155; signa gerens omnemque quatit rumoribus Arcton,
5.272; Soligenam Aeeten media regnare sub Arcto, 5.317; cum vada Thyrsagetas gelida liquisse sub Arcto, 6.140;
nec clarior ullis / Arctos equis, 6.147; Sdr. aseve zedsarT. forma Arctous: 3.499; 5.619; 6.295, 330.
83
Tumca aseve ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom poemaSi gvxvdeba ori pa-
saJi, sadac `garkveul aRrevasTan~ gvaqvs saqme: aieti da medea skviTebad
moixseniebian mas Semdegac, rac argonavtebi ukve kolxidaSi imyofebian:
pirveli, rodesac flakusi aRwers aietis reaqcias, rodesac man iasonis
Txovna moismina, igi Tavis Tavs skviTebTan aigivebs: Scythiae periisse timores
`skviTiis winaSe gamqrala SiSi~ (5.524-5); da meore, sadac gadmocemulia
samSoblos mitovebiT gamowveuli medeas gancdebi, poeti ambobs: nulla
palus, nullus Scythiae non maeret euntem / amnis (8.209) `skviTiis yvela Waobi da mdi-
nare dardobs, is rom midis~. Sdr. aseve eTnikurobis aRmniSvneli md. sq.
leqsikuri formativi Scythis `skviTi qali~, romelic gen. pl.-s formiT
gvxvdeba, iq, sadac aRwerilia medeas sizmari Phasidis aequali Scythidum
comitante caterva (5.342) `fasisis napirebze Tan axlavs [medeas] Tanatol
skviT qalwulTa jgufi~.
aseTi aRrevebi, Cveni azriT, swored imiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli,
rom termini skviTi farTo cnebaa. jer kidev evmelosis (Zv. w. VIII s.)
fragmentebSi aris moxseniebuli, rom aietma, romelsac wilad xvda ko-
rinTosSi mefoba, dautova igi bunoss da TviTon skviTiis kolxidaSi
wavida (pindarosis sqoliasti, Ol. XIII, 74; cece likofronis 174 taepis
Ses.).
hirkania mdebareobs kaspiis zRvis samx.-aRm.-iT, ris gamoc mravali
istoriuli wyaro kaspiis zRvas hirkaniis zRvadac moixseniebs. “am zRvis
Crd.-das. nawils upiratesad kaspiisa ewodeboda, xolo mis samx.-aRm. na-
wils ki _ hirkaniisa, imis Sesabamisad, Tu tomebi _ kaspi(el)ebi da hirka-
ne(le)bi _ sad cxovroben, zRvis nawilebsac saxelebi iseTive aqvT”.123
hirkaniis samx. nawili esazRvreba danarCen irans da maT Soris bunebriv
sazRvars qmnis maRalmTiani masivi, romelze gadasasvlel uReltexilsac
uwin ewodeboda kaspiis WiSkari anu Portas Caspiae.124 Hyrcania rogorc regio-
nis aRmniSvneli termini flakusTan ar gvxvdeba, Tumca naxsenebia Caspia
claustra amaZonebTan dakavSirebiT: cum redit ingenti per Caspia claustra triumpho
123 T. yauxCiSvili, berZeni mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, V (Zv. berZ.

Targmna, gamokv. da saZieb. daurTo T. yauxCiSvilma), Tbilisi 1983, 137.
124 Kiessling, Hyrkania, RE, IX 1, 454-526.
84
(5.124).125 Hyrcanus masTan warmodgenilia rogorc msazRvreli Perses / barbari-
cas movit opes Hyrcanaque signa `hirkaniuli saomari niSnebi~ (3.494) da aseve da-
sturdeba rogorc eTnonimi omSi monawile zogierTi personaJis eqsponi-
rebisas: hirkanielia kirisi: quin et ab Hyrcanis Titanius expulit antris / Ciris
Cimmerius (6.79); vanusi: ducit ab Hyrcanis vates sacer agmina lucis / Vanus (6.114); Zmebi
medoresi da gelasi: Viderat Hyrcanos paribus discurrere fratres / Castor equis (6. 203).
kimeria, mxare sadac kimerielebi cxovroben, mdebareobs skviTur
tavrosTan da meotisis tbasTan. Cimmerius iseve rogorc Hyrcanus,
flakusTan dasturdeba rogorc eTnonimi: a. m., kimerieli sardalia av-
xusi, romelsac Tan moaqvs kimeriuli simdidre, igulisxmeba, rom mas Tan
axlavs kimeriel meomarTa uricxvi jari tertius unanimis veniens cum milibus
Auchus / Cimmerias ostentat opes (6.61). kimerieli misania omSi monawile erT-er-
Ti sardali vanusi. flakusTan qveynis dasalierad aris miCneuli kimeri-
elTa adgilsamyofeli Cimmerium domus `kimerielTa samyofeli~ (3.399). aq
mdebareobs mRvime, sadac SavebSi mosili kelenevsi126 asamarTlebs adamia-
nebs, romelTac codva Caidines (3.399ff.).
meotisi Savi zRvis Crd.-aRm.-iT mdebare mxarea, zogierTis ganmarte-
biT, warmoadgens skviTias, sadac lokalizdeba meotisis tba (Schol. ad
Aeneid. VI, 799). arsebobs gadmocema, rom heliosis vaJebs samflobelod
Semdegi miwebi ergoT: aiets meotisida kolxida, persess ki _ tavria
(Schol. ad Ap. Rhod. III 200).127 meotisi flakusTan naxsenebia xoaTrebTan
dakavSirebiT, isini floben iseT xelovnebas, rom zafxulSi gayinul
meotissac ki adnoben nunc subitam trepidis Maeotin solvere plaustris (6.154). arcerTi
mxare ar aris iseTi xalxmravali, rogorc meotisi, miuxedavad imisa, rom
axalgazrdoba dReniadag omebSi iRupeba: neque enim plaga gentibus ulla / ditior:
aeterno quamquam Maeotia pubes / Marte cadat (6.36-8). Maeotius gvxvdeba msazRvre-
lad Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: meotiuri wylebi Maeotia laxent / aequora (4.720); da-
125
`mdinare, romelsac axalgazrda qalwuli uZRvnis cxenebs da aRTqmul
sabrZolo culebs miarTmevs, rodesac is didebuli triumfiT kaspiis viwrobebiT ukan
brundeba, moaTrevs ra ukan masagetsa da midiels~.
126 kelenevsi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia, masze dawvrilebiT visaubrebT
Sesabamis TavSi.
127 SC ВДИ XXI, 292.
85
saxelebulia aseve meotieli nimfa, erT-erTi skviTi personaJis pevkonis
deda at genetrix imis pariter Maeotis ab antris / implevit (6.565).
kavkasiis organul nawils warmoadgens, strabonis periodis avto-
rTa Tanaxmad, iberiac, kompaqturad dasaxlebuli, eTnikurad sakmaod
erTiani da civilizebuli qveyana. igi garSemortymulia kavkasosis mTe-
biT, romlis samxreTiT nayofieri ferdobebi moicaven iberias da aRweven
rogorc kolxidas, aseve armenias, Tumca armenia, wyaroTa umetesobis
Tanaxmad, gadis kavkasiis farglebidan da aRiqmeba ufro aziis qveynad.
bunebrivia, zusti da stabiluri sazRvrebi ar arsebobda da isini
droebiT an xangrZlivad SeeZlo Seecvala nebismier eqspansias mezobeli
an daSorebuli qveynidan. flakusi poeturi formiT gviqmnis warmodgenas
kavkasiis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb, rodesac promeTes tanjvis Sesaxeb
gviambobs, misi gminva TviT armeniamdec ki aRwevs da ZrZwolas hgvris
yovel ibers.128 flakusTan Hiber129 da Hiberus130 formativebis garda dastu-
rdeba TviT regionis aRmniSvneli termini iberiac: aieti axasiaTebs
Tavis erT-erT mokavSires iaqsartess, romlis SiSiT ZrZwian getebi,
medebi da mTeli iberia iam pavidi cum prole Getae, iam pervigil illum / Medus et
oppositis exspectat Hiberia claustris (5.603-4). Wreli iberiidan miiCqarian latrisi
da otakesi kolxidaSi aietis winaaRmdeg saomrad discolor hastatas effudit
Hiberia turmas, / quas Otaces, quas Latris agunt (6.120).
iberiis mezobeli qveyanaa albania. albaniac moicavs rogorc kavka-
siis mimdebare teritoriebs, aseve kaspiispireTis im regionebsac, rom-
lebsac ukve veRar miviCnevT kavkasiad; strabonis Tanaxmad o„koàsi d
metaxÝ tîn 'Ib»rwn kaˆ tÁj Kasp…aj qal£tthj, prÕj ›w mn ¡ptÒmenoi tÁj qal£tthj,
prÕj dÚsin d Ðmoroàntej to‹j ”Ibhrsi· tîn d loipîn pleurîn tÕ mn bÒreion froure‹tai
to‹j Kaukas…oij Ôresi (taàta g¦r Øpšrkeitai tîn ped…wn, kale‹tai d t¦ prÕj tÍ
qal£ttV m£lista KeraÚnia), tÕ d nÒtion poie‹ ¹ 'Armen…a par»kousa, poll¾ mn pedi¦j
128 horruit immensum Ponti latus, horruit omnis

Armeniae praetentus Hiber penitusque recusso
aequore Cyaneas Minyae timuere relictas (5.165-168).
129
Armeniae praetentus Hiber penitusque recusso (5.166); quos nec Hiber aut tota suis Aurora pharetris /
sustineat (5. 559); Iamque Getae iamque omnis Hiber Drangeaque densa (6.507); forte ubi serus Hiber
Issedoniaeque phalanges (6. 750); Sauromatae, miseranda, proci? cui vadis Hibero (7.235).
130
Iamque Hyperionius metas maris urget Hiberi / currus (2.34); ilicet extremi nox litore Solis Hiberas /
condidit (3.730).
86
poll¾ d kaˆ Ñrein», kaq£per ¹ Kambushn», kaq' ¿n ¤ma kaˆ to‹j ”Ibhrsi kaˆ to‹j
'Albano‹j oƒ 'Armšnioi sun£ptousin (XI, 4, 1).131 flakusi poemaSi moixseniebs or
albanel meomars: kremedons, romelic aietisa da persesis konfliqtSa
CarTuli Albani cadit ipse Chremedoni[di]s hasta (6.194)132 da albanel ufliswuls
stiruss,133 romelsac omis dawyebamdec hqonda kolxebTan urTierToba. am
personaJze Cven qvemoT sagangebod SevaCerebT yuradRebas.
amaZonebis dedaqalaqad moixsenieba Temiskira TermodonTan (Her.IX
27; Diod.IV16; Paus.I 2 1; Appian.Mithr.78).134 apolonios rodoselis mixedviT (II
987ff.), amaZonebis tomi warmoiSva aresisgan da nimfa harmoniisgan.
iustinianusTan isini skviTebis mier datovebuli qalebia, romlebic
TermodonTan saomrad movidnen da brZolaSi daiRupnen (Iust. 4; Sdr. sa-
lustiusTan isini skviTiidan movidnen mcire aziaSi Sallust.frg.3,46; esqi-
lesTan ki kolxididan, kavkasiis samxreTidan Aesch. Prometh. 415, 723).
flakusi elinisti epikosis msgavsad amaZonebs Termodonis midamoebSi
aTavsebs (5. 121-124); rogorc sxva mwerlebs, masac, amaZonebi aresis STamo-
mavleblad miaCnia da amitom gadmogvcems, rom maTi saxeli wminda da
RvTiuria: `miRma rCeba halisi, grZel xveulebad mimdinare irisi da Ter-
modoni, romelic Tavis mrisxane nakadebs mariliani zRvis SuagulSic ki
xmauriT aCuxCuxebs, gradivusisaTvis wminda da umdidresi nadavliT
savse mdinare, romelsac axalgazrda qalwuli uZRvnis cxenebs da aR-
Tqmul sabrZolo culebs miarTmevs, rodesac is didebuli triumfiT
kaspiis viwrobebiT ukan brundeba, moaTrevs ra ukan masagetsa da midi-
els. WeSmariti STamomavlebi arian isini RvTaebrivi sisxlisa, RmerTi-
sgan warmoSobilni135; (Sdr. aseve 4.601-609). flakusi adasturebs, rom ama-
131 àlbanebi cxovroben iberebsa da kaspiis zRvas Soris: aRmosavleTiT

isazRvrebian zRviT, xolo dasavleTiT emezoblebian iberebs. rac Seexeba danarCen
mxareebs, CrdiloeTisa gamagrebulia kavkasosis mTebiT (es mTebi mdebareoben
dablobebs zemoT, xolo is nawili, romelic zRvisken aris, iwodeba keravniad),
samxreTisaken aris mezoblad mdebare armenia, romelic nawilobriv dablobia,
nawilobriv mTiani, rogorc, magaliTad, kambisene, sadac iberebsa da albanelebs
esazRvrebian armenielebi~.
132 Albanus dasturdeba aseve rogorc gaarsebiTebuli zedsarTavi saxeli: coniciunt,
fugit adductis Albanus habenis (6.271).
133 advehit Albana Styrus gener agmina porta, / bellum ingens (3.497); adnuitur thalamis Albani virgo tyranni
(5.258); tum gener Albanis Styrus qui advenerat oris (5.459); pacta quod Albano coniunx Medea tyranno (6.44);
...Albano fuit haec promissa tyranno (8.153).
134 Graef, Amazones, RE, I, II, 1755.
135 transit Halys longisque fluens anfractibus Iris
87
ZonebTan Serkineba mamakacebsac uWirT (5. 132-140). igi ar ifargleba
tradiciiT cnobili amaZoni personaJebiT da persessa da aiets Soris
gamarTul omSi rTavs ramdenime figuras, romelTagan nawili gesanderis
aristiis amsaxvel scenaSi iRupeba: Toe, harpe, menipe, like da maTi dedo-
fali evriale. manamde isini aietis damxmare laSqarSi arian moxseniebu-
lni aietis mokavSire megobar mefeebTan erTad. evriale sakuTari Svili-
viT uyvars aiets.
am mxareebis garda flakusi asaxelebs sxva mraval geografiul
punqts, qalaqs, mTas, mdinares. yvela es toponimi, hidronimi Tu oronimi
umeteswilad dasaxelebulia e. w. skviTebis katalogSi, sadac flakusi
warmogvidgens aietis winaaRmdeg daZrul meomarTa razmebs, romelTac
aietis Zma persesi aRazevebs. qvemoT mokled gadavavloT Tvali poemaSi
dacul geografiul informacias.
mirake (Myrace) – flakusis mixedviT, mwvane mirakes da md. tibisusis
maxloblad, skviTiis sanapiroze iSva kolaqsesi, iupiterisa da gve-
lisfexeba qalRmerTis horas vaJi. aq SeiZleba igulisxmebodes mdinare
skviTiaSi Maris (Her.4.48), Marisus (Strab.7.3.13). ВДИ-is komentatoris Tanaxmad
(SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345) es hidronimi unda davukavSiroT ptolemaiosis tami-
rakes (Geogr. III, 5, 2) da aseve mirgetebis toms (Hec. fr.155).
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom flakusTan am Ziridan nawarmoeb saxels
atarebs parTeli elCi mirakesi (6.690, 717); heinsiusi amjobinebs es saxeli
waikiTxos rogorc Tmyracen, ramdenadac Tamyraces iyo qalaqi skviTiaSi da
mTiswineTi hileaSi. am mosazrebas amyarebs strabonis Tmolus (Timolus),
Tmarus leqsikuri formativebis dadastureba: oJ Tovmaro~ h] Tmavro~ (ajmfotevrw~
ga;r levgetai) (Wijsman, 2000, 38).
tibisenuri (Tibisenus) – flakusi axsenebs adieqtivur formas Tibisena-
que iuxta / ostia. Tibisenus (6.50). igi unda momdinareobdes hidronimidan Tibisis;
tibisisi herodotosis Tanaxmad mdinarea, romelic lokalizebulia Tra-
kiaSi danubiosis maxloblad (Her.4.49). am mdinaris zusti lokalizacia
saevaque Thermodon medio sale murmura volvens,

Gradivo sacer et spoliis ditissimus amnis,
donat equos, donat votas cui virgo secures
cum redit ingenti per Caspia claustra triumpho
Massageten Medumque trahens. est vera propago
sanguinis, est ollis genitor dues (5. 120-126).
88
Znelia (RE, VI, 1, 815) da ВДИ-is komentatoris Tanaxmad (SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345)
unda davukavSiroT igi ptolemaiosis tibisuss (Geogr.III, 7.1) an tifesoss
(Prisc. Pan. fr.8), romelsac aigiveben Tanamedrove temeSTan, dunais marcxena
SenakadTan.
gerusi (Gerus) – erT-erT skviT sardals datiss Tan axlavs brZo-
lis JiniT anTebuli gangaridebi da meomrebi, romlebic gerusTan (md.
skviTiaSi) da bikesis tbasTan saxloben (6.67-8). gerusi SesaZloa Sevupi-
rispiroT pliniusis mdinares Gerrhus (Plin.n.h.4.84) da geross, romelic mo-
ixsenieba herodotosTan (Her.4.56) da ptolemaiosTan (Geogr.V,11,2) (SC ВДИ,
XXVIII, 346).
bikesi (Byces) – pliniusTan vxvdebiT mdinares, romelic Caedineba
bikesis tbaSi (Plin. n.h.4.84) da ptolemaiosTan (Ptol.Geogr.III,5,2), mas aigiveben
Tanamedrove sivaSTan (SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346).
tira (Tyra) – linquitur abruptus pelago Tyra (6.84) Sdr. Plin.n.h.4.82, Mela 2.7 hos
ab Histricis Tyra separat, Steph.Byz.s.v. Tuvra~. am formiT moixseniebs mas
ovidiusic et nullo tardior Tyras (Ov. Pont.4.10.50) (Wijsman, 2000, 51); Sdr. aseve
Tyres, mdinare, romelic aseve flakusTan dasturdeba quas Tanais flavusque
Tyres Hypanisque Novasque àRar movixsenieb wyalTa im siuxves, Svidnakadiani
istrosis SesarTavebi rom warmoqmnian: tanaiss, yviTel tiress, hipanissa
da novass, da im farTo yures, sadac meotisis wylebi iRvreba~ (4.718-21).
ambenusi (Ambenus) – linquitur et mons / Ambenus (6.85) `mitovebul iqna mTa
ambenusic~; tomaSeki ganaTavsebs am mTas dunaisa da dnestrs Soris ar-
sebul maRlobebze (Tomaschek, Ambenus, RE, I, 2, 1797). svida moixseniebs amave
fuZis mqone qalaqs ÒAmbenai: o[noma povlew". flakusi asaxelebs amave sa-
xelwodebis skviT personaJs (6. 251), zogierTi mecnieri am personaJis sa-
xels ukavSirebs gal. ambis, laT. amnis, sanskr. amba `wyali~. saxeli unda
miekuTvnebodes getur an bastarnul nomenklaturas (Tomaschek, RE I.2, 1797).
ofiusa (Ophiusa) – gelidis pollens Ophiusa venenis (6.85) `momakvdinebeli
SxamebiT uxvi ofiusa~. igi tiras Zveli saxelwodebaa; Sdr. Scylax 68, Strabo
7.3.16, Steph.Byz. s.v. Tuvra~, povli~ kai; potamov~ ejn tw/̀ Eujxeivnw/ Povntw/... ejkalei`to dÆ
ÆOfiou`ssa, oppido...ubi antea Ophiusa dicebatur (Plin.n.h.4.82). ramdenadac es adgili
momakvdinebeli SxamebiT aris cnobili, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aq
89
aqcentirebulia am saxelis semantikac, rogorc gvelebis qalaqisa (o[fi~
`gveli~) (Wijsman, 2000, 51).
novasi (Novas) – hiberni qui terga Novae (6.100), Sdr. aseve quas Tanais flavusque
Tyres Hypanisque Novasque (4.719). rogorc Cans, aq igulisxmeba ukrainis erT-
erTi mdinare. a. heereni136 axsenebs sxvadasxva wyaroebSi dadasturebul
md. Naiss, romelic SesaZloa novasi iyos. g. libermani137 ukavSirebs hero-
dotosis mdinares Novh~ (4.49), danubiosis Trakiul Senakads. arsebobda
amave saxelwodebis romaul legionerTa garnizoni da gasaCerebeli pun-
qti qvemo misiaSi dunaisTan, romelsac flakusi SesaZloa ukavSirebdes
am mdinares (RE, XVII, 1, 1125, 2).
alaZoni (Alazon) – gelidumque securi / eruit et tota non audit Alazona ripa (6.101)
`da aravis smenia alazonis napirebis Sesaxeb~. mdinare albaniaSi, romel-
sac aigiveben kirusis SesarTavTan ÆAlazovnio~, Strab.11.3.2; Albanorum gens..., mox
Hiberes, discreta ab his amne Alazone in Cyrum Caucasis montibus defluente (Plin.n.h.6.29)
(Wijsman, 2000, 57).
tarasi (Taras) – quosque Taras niveumque ferax Euarchus olorum (6.102) `tarasi
da TovliviT qaTqaTa gedebiT uxvi evarxusi~; v. l. (Tarax C). patara mdinare
sadac mdebareobda tarentumi, iwodeboda tarasad. tarasi pavsaniasis
mixedviT aris poseidonis vaJi (Paus.10.10.8), Sdr. evarxusi. SesaZloa, fla-
kusma es saxelebi ipova apoloniosis àrgonavtikis~ sqolionebSi, rome-
lic dakargulia. es unda edos safuZvlad am geografiul aRrevas.
evarxusi (Euarchus) – niveumque ferax Euarchus olorum (6.102) `TovliviT
qaTqaTa gedebiT uxvi evarxusi~. mdinare sinopes maxloblad, romelic
mdebareobda pontusis ara im mxares, sadac umetesad moixseniebian
tomebi, aramed sawinaaRmdego mxareze. rogorc tarasis SemTxvevaSi, misi
lokalizebac rTulia. burmani miuTiTebs Magnum Etymologicum-ze, sadac
vkiTxulobT: EÜarcoj: OÛtwj ™kale‹to Ð KÚknoj di¦ tÕ ™pitucîj kain…sai tÕ dÒru
toà 'Acillšwj. kiknusi gadaiqca gedad. Fasˆ d kaˆ potamÒn tina par¦ t¾n Sinèphn
EÜarcon ØpÕ tîn 'Argonautîn proshgoreàsqai, ¢f' oá prîton œpion, éj fhsin
EÙfor…wn, “H oƒ EÙ£rcoio fšre klšoj ¢mfˆ ·šeqron. patara mdinare evarxusi
136 A. Heeren, De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899, 48.
137 G. Liberman, Valerius Flaccus. Argonautiques Texte établi et traduit, 2 vol. (CUF lat. 340/369), Paris
1997/2002, 283.
90
SeiZleba iyos kiknusis sinonimi; es kiknusi aris poseidonis vaJi, romlis
ambavs vxvdebiT ovidiusTan (Met. 12.64ff.) (Wijsman, 2000, 57-8).
emoda (Emoda) – iungit opes Emeda suas, sua signa secuti (6.143) `Tavis saomar
Zalas urTavs emoda~; (v. l. Emeda V + L, Eumeda C). heereni138 safuZvlianad
asabuTebs, rom Emodus ukavSirdeba Imaus `himalais~, citireba moaqvs
pliniusidan Emodus (n. h.5.98), Hemodus (6.60), Hemodi montes (6.56), ultra montes
Hemodos (6.88); Diod Sic. 2.35: to; ïHmwdo;n o[ro~ (Wijsman, 2000, 72), Sdr. aseve (SC
ВДИ, XXVIII, 348).
valerius flakusma warmogvidgina ara marto CrdiloeT Sa-
vizRvispireTi, aramed aseve samxreT kavkasia: kolxida, albania, amaZonia,
(albaT, aqve unda Semovides aietis damxmare sardlebic da, Tu maTi
raodenobis mixedviT vimsjelebT, sul cota Svidi arasaxeldebuli mxa-
re Tu qveyana unda igulisxmebodes). gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba
kolxidas da mdinare faziss.
berZnuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, kolxida mikenuri epoqis tomTa
gaerTianebas warmoadgenda. miTologiuri tradiciis mixedviT, is iyo
mTels SavizRvispireTSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da cnobili gaerTianeba.
straboni gvawvdis cnobas imis Taobaze, rom dioskuriasSi erTTa
monacemebiT 70, xolo sxvaTa – 300 tomis warmomadgenlebi ikribebodnen,
romelTagan TiToeuli Tavis enaze laparakobda. maT Soris arian isinic,
romlebic kompaqturad saxloben kolxidis dablobze da ufro civili-
zebulebi arian, isinic, romlebic gancalkevebiT cxovroben maTi siama-
yisa da velurobis wyalobiT. maT yvelas uwodeben kavkasielebs (Strab. XI,
2, 16).
flakusi tradicias eyrdnoba aia-kolxidis geografiuli
lokalizaciisas da aRwerilobas sakmaod realistur elfers sZens.
masTan kolxida aris Zlieri saxelmwifo gaerTianeba, romlis saTaveSic
dgas mefe. igi gansakuTebul yuradRebas uTmobs samefo karis aRweras.
argonavtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis momentisaTvis samefo karis warmomadge-
nlebs, romlebic solis taZarSi Sekrebilan, ase agviwers: taZarSi mzis
Svili aieti Semodis, mis gverdiT dgas ymawvili absirtusi, sasiZo,
138 A. Heeren, 1899, 41.
91
albaneli ufliswuli stirusi, eolosis STamomavlebi, friqsosis vaJebi:
frontisi, argusi, melasi, kitisorusi, warCinebuli mamebi patres (5.456-464),
aietis dasaxmareblad Camosuli megobari mefeebi motique ad proelia reges.
mefes mniSvnelovani saqmeebis gadawyvetisas mxarSi udganan warCinebuli
mamebi da aseve funqcionirebs qurumTa instituti. apoloniosisgan gan-
sxvavebiT flakusi aietis da misi ojaxis sasaxleebis aRweris magivrad,
warmogvidgens solis taZars, romelsac ara oden taZris funqcia aqvs,
aramed aris nageboba, sadac mniSvnelovani Sekrebebi da molaparakebebi
iwarmoeba. swored aq gaimarTeba iasonisa da aietis Sexvedra. ase aRu-
wers medea am adgils iasons: `winaparTa wesisamebr am sakurTxevelTan
[solis taZarSi] modis mefe, aq usmens igi warCinebulebs da yuradRebas
uTmobs xalxis Txovnebs da urCevs umjobess~ (5. 404-406). xalxs mni-
Svnelovani adgili uWiravs qveynis marTvis saqmeSi. isini irCeven
damsaxurebis mixedviT gamorCeul warmomadgenlebs uxucesebad (praecipuo
Titania tellus / legit honore patres, 5.463-4) da qveynis marTvas andoben. xalxi rom
sakmaod aqtiuria, poemis am pasaJidanac Cans: rodesac heras mier iasonze
Semoxveuli Rrubeli gaifanteba, isini modian da kiTxuloben daJinebiT,
ainteresebT ucxoebis vinaoba, Tu ram miiyvanaT kolxidaSi, xalxs iasoni
angariSs uwevs da grZel sityvas warmoTqvams kiteelebis (5.465-467) da
maTi mefis, aietis mosalmobiereblad (5.471-518).
cnoba aias139 qalaq kvitaisze jer kidev apolonios rodoselTan
gvxvdeba.140 araerTgzis ixseniebs am qalaqs flakusi. pirvelad es saxeli
V wignSi dasturdeba Cytaeus formiT (5. 466). aq poeti lakonurad axa-
siaTebs qalaqs, aRniSnavs, rom igi lamazia da gakvirvebas iwvevs
ucxoebSi. konteqstidan gamomdinare dasturdeba, rom kvitaisi kolxidis
mTavari qalaqia. kviteuri miwa terris Cytaeis (693) aris aietis samefo
139 Ai\a _ kolxidis Zveli saxeli (Ai\a-Kovlci" II 417, 422, 1094, 1185; III 306, 1061; IV 255).
aq movida oqros verZiT friqsosi (II 1141). aias qalaqia kvitaisi (II 1267). aias epiTetia
titanuri (IV 131). aia daasaxla egviptelma sesostrisma (IV 277, 278). apoloniosi aq imeo-
rebs herodotosis cnobas (II 2, 103), romlis mixedviTac, aiaSi mosaxle tomis warmoSoba
dakavSirebulia sesostrisis laSqrobasTan.
140 Kutaii?". Kutaii?do~ II 399; `kvitaiisis xmeleTsa~ hjpeivroio Kutaiivdo", IV 511; `kvitaisis
mxareSi dabruneba~ Kutaiivdo~ h[qea gaivh", Kutaii?da II 1267; àias qalaqi kvitaisi~ Kutaiivda te
povlin Ai[h"; Kutaieuv", Kutaievo" II 403, `kvitaieli aietis~ Kutaievo" Aijhvtao III 228, Kutaievo"
Aijhvtao, Kutaiò". Kutaivou II 1094, Aijhvtao Kutaivou.
92
rezidenciis adgili. am Ziridan nawarmoebi sxva formativebic gvxvdeba
flakusTan: medeas eTnikurobis gadmosacemad fama Cytaeae virginis (6. 156-157);
kolxi meomris Cytaei (427) da kviteeli razmebis aRsaniSnavad Cytaeis
agminibus (543); aspicis ut Minyas inter proceresque Cytaeos (595-596) sadac naTqvamia,
rom iasoni kiteelTa Soris brwyinavs.
flakusma moaxerxa Tavis eposSi mxatvruli formiT warmoedgina
kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli istoriuli realiebi, gaTviTcnobierebuli
aqvs kavkasiis geopolitikuri situacia, warmodgena kavkasiis eTnikuri
simravlis Sesaxeb. aseve asaxavs kolxidis sagareo da saSinao urTi-
erTobebs. sainteresoa, rom Sida-kavkasiuri urTierTobebis saCveneblad
valeriuss poemaSi Semoaqvs coniunx Medea-s Tema. medeas xelis mosapo-
veblad ramdenime gmiri ibrZvis: henioxebisa da alanebis warCinebuli
warmomavlobis sardali anavsisi, albaneli ufliswuli stirusi, skviTi
jadoqari koastesi, parTeli elCi mirakesi. aRsaniSnavia, rom oTxive
maTgans omamdec aqvs garkveuli urTierToba kolxidasTan. anavsisi (6.42-
47) skviTebis katalogSi pirvel adgilas moixsenieba da gamoTqmiT iam
pridem (6.43) drois TvalsazrisiTac migvaniSnebs mis adreul urTierTobe-
bze aietTan; igi jer kidev maSin ganewyo aietis mimarT mtrulad,
rodesac am ukanasknelma gadawyvita, medea albaneli stirusisaTvis Se-
erTo colad (6.43-44) da ara misTvis, ase rom, mas piradi motivic amo-
ravebs omSi Casabmelad; skviTi jadoqari koastesi kolxidaSi
xoaTrebTan da kentorebTan erTad moiswrafvis. kentorebsa da xoaTrebs
oqros sawmisis xelSi Cagdebis survili aqvT, koastesi ki medeaTi aris
dainteresebuli. Tumca mas, sxva saqmroTagan gansxvavebiT, arc medeasadmi
siyvaruli amoZravebs da arc sagmiro saqmeni, aramed kolxi asulis
jadoqrobiT Sors ganTqmuli saxeli (6.155-7); parTiis mefis elCi mirakesi
aRmosavleT sanapirodan kolxidaSi im misiiT Cadis (6.690), rom parTe-
lebsa da kolxebs Soris kavSiri gaamyaros. sanacvlod mas, oqros garda,
jildod medeac eguleba. jer kidev aietsa da persess Soris omi ar iyo
dawyebuli, rom siyvaruliT ganimsWvala kolxi qalwulis mimarT da
omSi Cabmasac ar moerida; albaneli stirusic omis dawyebamde Camovida
kolxidaSi da is argonavtebis solis taZarSi misvlis momentisaTvis
ukve samefo karis warmomadgenelTa Soris aris dasaxelebuli. mas sxva
93
xelismTxovnelTa Soris privilegia aqvs _ igi TviT aietma airCia sasi-
Zod, Tumca Tavs damtydarma omma dagegmili qorwili Seaferxa. stiruss
bevri mowinaaRmdege hyavs medeas xelismTxovnelTa Soris da, argonavte-
bis Camosvlis Semdeg, maT ricxvs iasonic Seemateba. roca es ukanaskneli
medeasTan erTad kolxididan gaiqceva, Seuracxyofilad grZnobs Tavs,
Tumca ufro metad umZafrdeba medeas mimarT siyvaruli (8.302), roca misi
samudamod dakargvis safrTxe Seeqmneba. igi mdevar kolxebSi didi
aqtiurobiT gamoirCeva (8.298-305, 328-368). stirusi iunos mier gamowveul
grigalSi mdevar kolxebsa da argonavtebs Soris Setakebis dros tra-
gikulad iRupeba (8.363-368).
rogorc zemo Tqmulidan gamomdinareobs, medeas xelze pretenzias
acxadebs: alani, skviTi, albaneli da parTeli. aietma misnobiT icis, rom
medea mamiseul saxlSi qalwulad ar unda darCes da imas miaTxovos, vi-
sac TviTon medea moisurvebs. aieti TviTneburad arCevans albanel
ufliswulze akeTebs. flakusi Tavisi poeturi gamonagonis meSveobiT
warmodgenas gviqmnis kolxidis sagareo da saSinao politikaze. gaaqti-
urebulia aietis naxevarZma persesi, romelic Tavis mxriv cdilobs
taxtis xelSi Cagdebas. aq SeiZleba amovikiTxoT Zalauflebis gada-
nawilebis procesi. oqros sawmisis an medeas xelSi Cagdebas, romlebic
Zalauflebis simbolod SegviZlia gaviazroT, ramdenime qveynis
warmomadgeneli eswrafvis. iasoni – saberZneTis mkvidria, stirusi –
albaneTis (kolxidasa da mis mezobel albaneTs Soris TiTqmis
naTesauri urTierTobebia), anavsisi – alaniis, mirakesi – parTiis (am or
qveyanas Soris savaWro garigebebi da molaparakebebi warmoebs). bunebri-
via, es suraTic unda asaxavdes im urTierTobebs da istoriul process,
rac ax. w. I saukunis mwerlisaTvis savsebiT TvalnaTeli iyo. aq ar
SeiZleba ar moviyvanoT strabonis cnoba, romelsac flakusi mTel rig
SemTxvevebSi eyrdnoba: àleqsandres Sesaxeb mwerlebs, bevrs arc unda
vendoT advilad, radgan eseni advilad Txzaven aleqsandres saxelis
gamo da agreTve imitom, rom igi laSqrobda aziis ukidures kuTxemde
didad daSorebiT Cvengan. xolo Soreulis Sesaxeb sawinaaRmdegos Tqma
Znelia. romaelTa da parTelTa mflobeloba mets rasme xdis fardas
uwindel gadmocemebTan SedarebiT, radganac am mxareebisa da tomebis
94
aRmwerlebi, romelTa Sorisac viTardeboda movlenebi, ufro sarwmunod
laparakoben, vidre isini, romlebic amaTze win iyvnen. eseni xom sagange-
bod ukvirdebian Sesaswavl sagnebs~ (XI, 6, 4).
valerius flakusis dainteresebas kavkasiis TematikiT yvelaze
TvalsaCinod poemaSi skviTebisa da kolxebs Soris konfliqtis epizodis
Semotana mowmobs.
1. skviTebisa da kolxebis omi
mTavari idea, rac flakusis àrgonavtikas~ amTlianebs, aris ara

oqros sawmisis mopoveba, aramed TviT argonavtebis eqspediciis mniSvne-
lovneba, sazRvao gzis gaxsna. es ki Tavis mxriv dakavSirebulia sxva-
dasxva xalxs Soris omis warmoebis da amiT TviTdamkvidrebis Sesa-
ZleblobasTan. amdenad, savsebiT bunebrivia flakusis aSkarad gamoxatu-
li interesi omis Temisadmi, rasac ver vityviT apolonios rodoselze,
romelTanac, SeiZleba iTqvas, ar gvxvdeba aseTi masStaburi bataluri
scenebis aRwera.141 omis Temis amsaxveli epizodebidan, romlebic Zvel
miTologiur tradiciaSi argonavtebis ciklis organul nawils
warmoadgenda, apoloniosi iRebs kizikosis niqtomaqias da aietis davale-
basTan dakavSirebul ambebs (igulisxmeba iasonis mier xarebis dauRlva
da miwis naSierebis mogerieba). Tu kizikosTan gamarTuli niqtomaqia apo-
lonios rodoselTan 13 striqons moicavs (Ap. Rhod. I 1039-1052), flakusTan
Ramiseul Serkinebebs 206 striqoni eTmoba (Val. Flacc. 3.43-249),142 meore
mxriv, aietis davalebasTan dakavSirebuli ambebi, rasac farTo adgili
uWiravs apoloniosTan, mniSvnelovnad aris reducirebuli romael epi-
kosTan, sul raRac 114 striqons Seadgens (7.539-653)143. rac Seexeba aietisa
da persesis oms, aq flakusi elinisti winamorbedisagan savsebiT gan-
sxvavebul gzas irCevs. Zvel miTologiur tradiciaSi dadasturebuli
cnoba Zmebs Soris momxdari omis Sesaxeb uaRresad mimzidveli aRmoCnda
misTvis. àrgonavtikis~ mexuTe wignis umetesi nawili (5.217-695) omis wina-
141 apoloniosTan omis Temis mniSvnelobisaTvis Sdr.: H. Fränkel, 1961, 1-20; H. Fränkel,
1968, 510-512; R. L. Hunter, 1988, 436-453; G. O. Hutchinson, 1988, 115f.
142 kizikusis epizodis vrcel kvlevas gvTavazobs g. manuvaldi Tavis naSromSi: G.
Manuwald, Die Cyzicus-Episode und ihre Funktion in den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hypomnemata 127,
Göttingen 1999.
143 E. Burck, Jasons Kämpfe in Kolchis bei Apollonios und Valerius Flaccus: DOREMA, Athen 1975, 11-43.
95
re istoriis, meeqvse wigni ki mTlianad omis msvlelobasa da masTan
dakavSirebuli peripetiebis gadmocemas eTmoba, anu Tavisi moculobiT
(mTlianobaSi 1238 str.) igi aRemateba yvela danarCen epizods.
Cveni mizania ganvixiloT, Tu ra funqcia da datvirTva aqvs kol-
xebisa da skviTebis oms valerius flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~,144 ram gana-
piroba is, rom mas aseTi vrceli adgili uWiravs mis poemaSi. vidre amas
gavakeTebT, Tvali gadavavloT, Tu rogor intensifikacias ganicdis omis
Tema romael epikosTan145.
daviwyoT imiT, rom apoloniosisgan gansxvavebiT flakusis iasoni
sul sxva rangSi warmogvidgeba, es aris gmiri, romelmac sagmiro
saqmeebi unda awarmoos. apoloniosTan iasoni naklebad gamorCeuli gmi-
ria da umTavresi niSani, rac mas sxva argonavtebisgan gamoarCevs, aris
ajmhcaniva: `mas ar aRafrTovanebs davaleba, romelic unda Seasrulos,
aramed mZime tvirTad awevs. aklia swrafva saqmisadmi da sakuTari Za-
lebis rwmena. igi frTxilia da meryevi xasiaTi tanjavs~.146 flakusi
cdilobs, yvelaferi araheroikuli CamoaSoros esonids, raSic zemoT
davrwmundiT, rodesac apoloniosisa da flakusis poemebis urTierTmima-
rTebaze gvqonda msjeloba. flakusi iasons eneasis tipis gmirad
aqcevs.147 amas imiT axerxebs, rom iasons aniWebs siqveles virtus.148
saomari ganwyobileba poemis dasawyisidanve igrZnoba, kerZod, peli-
asis mzakvrul davalebaSi (1.22-90). iolkosis mbrZanebeli TviTon mi-
144 Sdr.: Th. Baier, 1998; P. Schenk, 1999.

145 mimoxilvisaTvis ix.: vetceli oms argonavtebis laSqrobis mTavar Temad
asaxelebs, wamowevs iasonis da argonavtebis gmirobas da am aspeqtiT akavSirebs mas
skviTebis omTan (39-41) (S. Wetzel, 1957, 12f.); adamitci xazs usvams formalur aspeqts da
yuradRebas uTmobs Semdeg epizodebs: dolionebTan brZolas (Arg.3.43-256), iunos sityvas
(3.492ff.), iupiteris gakicxvas (4.9-12), finevsis misnobas (4.617-619), muzebisadmi mimarTvas
(5.271ff.) (J. Adamietz, 1976, 79); venini SeniSnavs, rom skviTebis oms kolxidis moqmedebaSi
ZiriTadi adgili uWiravs (P. Venini, 1971, 611f.); ferenci iasonis brZolebs
konceptualurad akavSirebs gmiris virtus-Tan (A. Ferenczi, 1995, 154-156). am sakiTxs vrceli
gamokvleva miuZRvna p. Senkma, romlis naSromsac Cven ara erTxel daveyrdnobiT P. Schenk.
Studien zur poetischen Kunst des Valerius Flaccus: Beobachtungen zur Ausgestaltung des Kriegsthemas in den
Argonautica, C.H.Beck Verlag, 1999.
146 H. Fränkel, Ein Don Quijote unter den Argonauten des Apollonios, Mus. Helv. 17, 1960, 4: „Die Aufgabe,
die ihm gestellt ist, begeistert ihn nicht, sondern sie lastet auf ihm. Es fehlt der vitale Tatendrang und das instinktive
Selbstvertrauen. Er ist vorsichtig und von Bedenken gequält~.
147 K. W. Hull, The Hero-concept in Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica, in: Studies in Latin Literature and Roman
History, Bruxelles 1979, 378-409.
148 Ferenczi, 1995, 154-156: es sityva argonavtikaSi 18-jer gvxvdeba, aqedan 8-jer
iasonTan da 2-jer mTlianad argonavtebTan dakavSirebiT.
96
uzRavda samagieros kolxidas, uwindeburad Zala rom Seswevdes, misi va-
Ji ki jer kidev Zalian pataraa saomari saqmeebisaTvis, amitom iasonma un-
da itvirTos oqros sawmisis mopovebis misia. iasonis mama esonic didi
siamovnebiT miiRebda laSqrobaSi monawileobas, magram masac marjvena
uwindeburad aRar erCis. misi ganwyobileba (1.336-340) exmianeba xomald
argos suraTebs; erT-erT maTganze gadmocemulia lapiTebis brZola ken-
tavrebis winaaRmdeg (1.140-148). esons maSin pelevsi da nestori axldnen
Tan, romlebic axla argonavtebis laSqrobis monawileebi arian.149
Tu davukvirdebiT argonavtebis katalogsac, aqac sagrZnobia sao-
mari ganwyoba. flakusi saguldagulod aRwers calkeuli gmiris saomar
aRkazmulobasa da sabrZolo mzadyofnas. poemaSi mravalgzis aseve
gvxvdeba miniSneba troas omze (1. 370-373, 380-382, 387, 391-393, 403-409). Sesaba-
misad, valeriusi erT mTlian suraTs warmogvidgens: mamaTa Taobam sao-
mar saqmeebSi aCvenes Tavi da amiT daedo safuZveli Zalauflebis cvlas
(1.542f.), vaJebis Taoba saomari eqspediciiT midis aziis winaaRmdeg da
warmatebiT arTmevs mas Tavs (1.545-548), rasac momavali Taoba sabolood
amyarebs (1.549-554). es yvelaferi mxatvruli formiT flakusis axal kon-
cefciaSi _ iupiteris samyaros gegmaSia warmodgenili, razec Cven ukve
gvqonda msjeloba Sesabamis TavSi.
rac Seexeba aietisa da persesis oms, flakusis STagonebis wyaro,
SesaZloa, gamxdariyo apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtikaSi~ sul raRac
ramdenime striqonSi gadmocemuli ambavi: kolxidaSi Casuli iasoni aiets
sTavazobs, rom samsaxurs gauwevs mezobeli savromatebis an sxva rome-
lime xalxis damorCilebaSi oqros sawmisis sanacvlod (Ap. Rhod. III 392-
395). apoloniosTan am SemoTavazebas ar gaaCnia funqcionaluri datvirT-
va, vinaidan am xaziT moqmedeba aRar viTardeba. aieti fiqrobs, umalve
gauswordes Tavxed argonavtebs, Tu jer maTi Zala gamoscados (3.397-398).
cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom medeam daxmareba aRmouCina persesis mier taxti-
dan Camogdebul aiets da mas kuTvnili Zalaufleba daubruna, jer kidev
apolodorosTan gvxvdeba (I.IX.28.6). msgavsi cnoba dasturdeba diodoro-
149 kentavrebis winaaRmdeg brZolis motivi apoloniosis argonavtebis katalogze

dayrdnobiT Semoaqvs flakuss. argonavti koronosi vaJia lapiTi kainevsisa, romelic am
brZolaSi daeca (Ap. Rhod. I 57-64).
97
sTanac (IV. 55), romelic gadmogvcems, rom medea Tavis vaJTan, medosTan
erTad kvlav kolxidaSi brundeba, miatovebs ra aTenel egevss. kolxida-
Si medosi klavs persess da aiets taxts ubrunebs. imave motivacias
vxvdebiT romaul literaturaSi higinusTan (fab. XXVI) da tacitusTan (An.
VI.34). naTelia, rom flakusi arsebiTad cvlis wyaroebSi am naklebad
cnobili epizodis sakvanZo momentebs: 1. aietsa da persess Soris konf-
liqti medeas kolxidaSi yofnisas xdeba; 2. flakusTan gamarjvebuli
aris aieti da ara persesi da, amdenad, aiets arc sWirdeba medeas da misi
vaJis daxmareba; 3. aseTi masStaburobiT mxolod masTan aris aRwerili
uSualod kolxidaSi momxdari omis amsaxveli scenebi. qvemoT ganvixi-
lavT omis winare istorias, motivaciasa da struqturas.
a) omis winare istoria: flakusi pirveli wignidanve (1.22ff.) amza-
debs safuZvels ZmaTa Soris omisaTvis, romlis programac iupiteris sam-
yaros gegmaSia (1.531-560) warmodgenili. romaeli epikosis mier gamogoni-
li sametapovani samyaros gegmis ordo rerum mixedviT oqros sawmisis meSve-
obiT Zalaufleba aRmosavleTidan gadadis saberZneTSi [medeas da oqros
sawmisis gataceba150 // parisis mier elenes wamoyvana] da saberZneTis
daqveiTebis Semdeg ki Zalauflebas sxva [romaeli] xalxebi iReben xelSi
[eneass penatebi romSi miaqvs]. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom flakusiseul
samyaros gegmaSi151 erTad aris warmodgenili homerosi, apoloniosi da
vergiliusi. flakusis mxatvrul teqnikaze miuTiTebs aseve epikuri
Txrobis miseuli teqnika. igi poemaSi prolefsebis152 CarTviT
intensiurad axdens mkiTxvelis codnis aqtivirebas: TxrobaSi rTavs met-
150 iasonis mier sawmisis da medeas gatacebaze poemaSi kavkasiuri siyvarulis ale-
goriuli istoriac migviTiTebs, romelic kolxidaSi solis taZarSi iyo gamosaxuli:
siyvarulisgan gaxelebuli mdinaris RmerTi fasisi kolxi nimfis aias damorCilebas
lamobs, darcxvenili qalwuli iltvis mSobliur mTebSi gaSmagebuli fasisisgan, SeSi-
nebuli da Zal-Ronemixdili aia yris kaparWebs da mas sabolood RmerTi imorCilebs
Tavisi mZlavri talRebiT (5.425-428). msgavsad medeac amaod cdilobda iasonis siyva-
rulisgan Tavis daRwevas (7.1-20, 127-152, 292-322), magram sabolood RmerTebis CareviT
Tmobs da iasoni sawadels aRwevs (6.439-479, 590-591, 7.153-186, 323-324) (G. Manuwald, 1998, 31).
151 Sdr. G. Manuwald, 2002, 43-57; G. Manuwald, 2004, 145-162.
152 arsebobs prolefsebis sxvadasxva saxeebi: 1. xilvebi da misnobebi (misnebis an
RmerTebis); 2. Selocva da wyevla; 3. sizmrebi; 4. moqmedi figurebis winaTgrZnoba mo-
mavalSi mosalodneli movlenebis Sesaxeb; 5. krZalva, SiSi; 6. survilebi, molodini,
daskvna, brZaneba, gegma (gadawyvetileba, gankarguleba, molaparakeba); 7. suraTebis aR-
wera; 8. aitiebi; 9. winaswari miniSneba, romelsac mTxrobeli pirvel pirSi gadmogvcems,
amas miekuTvneba metaforebi, komentarebi Sedarebisas; 10 analogiebi (dawvr. ix. Fuhrer,
1998, 15).
98
naklebad SeniRbul movlenebs, romlebic mogvianebiT ganviTardeba.153
pirveli wignis dasawyisidanve àrgonavtikaSi~ moqmedeba isea warmodgeni-
li, rom garkveul mizandasaxulobas gviCvenebs: Sesabamisad, gaaCnia te-
leologiuri ganzomileba. mexuTe wignSi Tavs iCens prolepsebis mTeli
wyeba: mTxrobelis miniSnebebi, misnobebi, xilvebi, moqmed personaJTa
winaTgrZnobebi, SiSi, sizmrebi da analogiebi,154 romelTa meSveobiTac
Tvalwin mTeli winare istoria warmogvidgeba da amavdroulad is fa-
qtebic aris daSifruli, romlebic momavalSi ganviTardeba.
b) omis motivacia: nawarmoebSi omi erTdroulad or sibrtyeze mim-
dinareobs, amdenad, sayuradReboa, erTi mxriv, RmerTebis da, meore mxriv,
adamianebis motivaciebi.
RmerTebi: iupiterma uwyis fata-s Sesaxeb, romelic winaswar aris
gansazRvruli da dakanonebuli: vetera haec nobis et condita pergunt / ordine cuncta
suo rerumque a principe cursu / fixa manet (1.531-533) da rom dadgenili xvedris
Secvla SeuZlebelia155, Tumca, meore mxriv, movida cvlilebebis dro, es
iupiteris gegmaSi mxatvrulad ase aris gadmocemuli: `msurs Cemi mbrZa-
neblobis gadawyvetilebebi ganvaaxlo. / arsebobda mxare aRmosavleTSi,
romelic qalwul heles zRvasTan da tanaisTan mdebareobs. / cxenebiT
mdidari da xalxmravali, da veravin bedavda xeli aRemarTa / mis sawinaa-
Rmdegod da saxeli omebSi moexveWa. / me TviTon vmfarvelobdi am mxares
da mis keTildReobaze vzrunavdi. / Tumca saubedurod dgeba dRe, da
azia axla SeZrulia; / vuSveb imas, rom daeces. berZnebi ukve iTxoven Cem-
gan qorwils. / Cemi muxebi da samfexebi, mSobelTa gulebi, maT gagzavnes
/ es laSqari zRvaze. talRebiTa da qariSxlebiT gakvalulia / SenTvis
gza, belona. magram mxolod sawmisi ki ar / warmoSobs borotebas, aramed
153 T. Fuhrer, Ahnung und Wissen: Zur Technik des Erzählens von Bekanntem, ROV, München 1998, 11-26.
154 avi winaTgrZnobiT aris moculi medea Tavisi sizmris gamo (5.335f.); sizmarSi
medea esalmeba mamas da saqmros. amis Semdeg xedavs solis taZris suraTebze sakuTar
xvedrs: Tu rogor iZiebs Surs peliasze korinTosSi. iasonis medeasadmi mimarTuli
sityvac (5.378-390) momavali movlenebis Sesaxeb miniSnebebs Seicavs; solis taZarSi
gamosaxuli suraTebis saSualebiT iasoni winaswar iRebs cnobas Tavisi ubedurebis
Sesaxeb (romlis arsic misTvis am momentSi miuwvdomelia); iasonisa da medeas
siyvarulis ambavs samwuxaro dasasruli rom eqneba, ara erTxel aris miniSnebuli
ramdenime adgilas (hekates misnoba 6.497ff., iupiteris sityva V wignis bolos, mopsusis
orive misnoba VIII wignSi).
155 mas, rom dadgenili xvedris arideba ar ZaluZs, Cans kolaqsesis ambidanac.
miuxedavad imisa, rom igi misi Zea, uZluria, daixsnas sikvdilisgan (6.621-630).
99
ufro metad im qalwulis motacebis gamo grZeldeba uTanxmoeba~ (5.536-
548).
rac Seexeba sxva RmerTebs, e. w. ministeria deorum mxars uWers laSqr-
obas una omnes gaudent superi (1.501). iunom da palasma ician, rom samar-
Tlianoba am omSi persesis mxarezea Procerum vi pulsus iniqua / germanique manu
Perses / barbaricas iam movit opes Hyrcanaque signa (3, 492). amitom iuno agzavnis
palass kolxidaSi, raTa argonavtebma persesis mxare daiWiron: sponde
adfore reges / dis gentos, quis arma volens, quis agmina iungat (3, 504). Tumca mogvianebiT
cvlian gadawyvetilebas Quibus addimur armis ? ekiTxeba palasi iunos. „cernis“
ait „Colchos habeant quae proelia, quique / nunc status. hinc Perses, illinc non viribus aequis /
apparat Aeetes aciem. quibus addimur armis?“ cui Iuno „dimitte metus, ne proelia forte / hinc
tibi grata negem; ... stat pectore fixum / Aeetae sociare manus, scio perfida regis / corda quidem;
nullos Minyis exsolvet honores“ (5, 283). es dialogi ukiduresad gansxvavdeba
winamdebarisagan. Cndeba kiTxva: daiviwyes RmerTebma is, rac persess
Sehpirdnen? an flakuss aRar axsovs is, ris Sesaxebac mesame wignSi mo-
gviTxro. es ukanaskneli gamoiricxeba Tu istoriis ganviTarebas miva-
devnebT Tvals. damarcxebis Semdeg persesi mwared sayvedurobs RmerTebs,
radgan maT piroba misces, magram mxardaWera ar aRmouCines. raze miuTi-
Tebs es winaaRmdegobrioba? argonavtebma rom isedac Zlieri persesis
mxare daiWiron, omi male damTavrdeba, es ki iupiteris gegmas ewinaaRmde-
geba. amitomac qalRmerTebi argonavtebs aietis iniquus tyrannus mxareze aye-
neben. ase gadawyveten isini, miuxedavad imisa, rom ician, es kavSiri argo-
navtebs arafers argebs.
mxolod soli da marsi fiqroben, rom oqros sawmisis saberZneTSi
dabruneba maT interesebs ewinaaRmdegeba: marsi Relavs, radgan sawmisi
mis WalaSi inaxeba da sawmisis gatacebis SemTxvevaSi safrTxe emuqreba
(1.529), igi funqcias dakargavs; soli ki imitom aris SeSfoTebuli, rom
sawmisi misi Zis aietis ganmgeblobaSia, rac uzrunvelyofs mis SeuzRu-
dav Zalauflebas, amitom sTxovs iupiters argonavtebis xomaldis kol-
xidaSi gamgzavrebas xeli SeuSalos.
adamianebi: vidre omi daiwyeba kolxidaSi, mas win uZRvis ori
misnoba da avismomaswavebeli niSnebi. aiets RamiT gamoecxadeba
gardacvlili friqsusis aCrdili (5.233-240). eolidi aRwers aietis
100
damsaxurebas, Tu rogor Seifara man ltolvili ufliswuli, miaTxova
sakuTari qaliSvili. aCrdili aiets uwinaswarmetyvelebs, rom igi Zala-
uflebas maSin dakargavs da Tavs ubedureba daatydeba, roca oqros
sawmiss marsis Walidan moitaceben; amas mosdevs gafrTxileba: medea
unda gaTxovdes masze, viszec surs, radgan qalwuli ar unda darCes ma-
mis samflobeloSi; rogorc misnobidan Cans, is, rom aieti Zalauflebas
dakargavs, gardauvalia (amis gamosaxatavad gamoyenebulia cum temporale da
ara cum conditionale). mxolod medeas Taobaze gafrTxileba moiTxovs
aietisgan gadawyvetilebas, rasac igi spontanurad iRebs kidec, surs,
medea albanel ufliswuls miaTxovos (5.256-258); misnobas mosdevs vizu-
aluri suraTi: TiTqos friqsusi aiets awvdis sabediswero sawmiss fatalia
visus (5.241).
friqsusis misnobas sruliad ewinaaRmdegeba kolxi qurumis misnoba,
romelsac win uZRvis avismomaswavebeli niSnebi da movlenebi (auguria
monstraque). qurumi afrTxilebs mefes, romAavbediTi sawmisi exitiale ... vellus
... infaustum (5.261-2) qalaqs ubedurebas moutans, amitom igi unda daabrunon
hemoniaSi (5.261-262).
aieti persess ver gautoldeba samxedro ZaliT, magram
argonavtebTan kavSiris damyarebiT cdilobs Tavisi miznebis gansaxorci-
eleblad gamoiyenos isini. umalavs argonavtebs omis namdvil mizezs da
arwmunebs maT, rom persess ganzraxuli aqvs, mas taxti waarTvas. hpir-
deba maT oqros sawmiss daxmarebis SemTxvevaSi (5.534-541), Tumca realu-
rad oqros sawmisis daTmobas arc apirebs.
aieti dilemis winaSe dgas: mas gadawyvetileba sakuTari inte-
resebis sakeTildReod gamoaqvs, rac ukmayofilebas iwvevs persesis
mxridan da omis dawyebis sababi xdeba. brZolis dawyebamde persesi
cdilobs, iasoni daarwmunos aietis mzakvrobaSi, magram marsi manamde
ereva saqmeSi, vidre macne iasonamde miaRwevs (6.14-30).
persesi pirvelia, vinc aietis Zalisxmevis absurdulobas ganWvrets
(6.733) da qveynis interesebis dacvisaTvis ukidures zomas mimarTavs.
Tumca mesame wignis pasaJic migviTiTebs, rom Zmebs Soris manamdec
arsebobda mtruli ganwyobileba. apolonios rodoselTanac ki Cans, rom
101
aiets daZabuli urTierToba aqvs savromatebTan Tu sxva xalxebTan (Apoll.
Rhod. 3.392-395).
rac Seexeba iasons, igi, miuxedavad imisa, rom ganWvrets aietis mza-
kvrobas, mainc aietis mxares iWers: ergo nec hic nostris deerat labor arduus actis
(5.542) `mZime davalebebis Sesruleba aqac ar agvcdeba~, veniant super haec
quoque fato / bella meo (5.544-5) òmi aris Cemi xvedri~ _ dasZens igi. vfiqrobT,
rom zogadad argonavtebis qmedebebi lakonurad SeiZleba Sefasdes am
fraziT sine honores labores (6.733).156
g) omis amsaxveli scenebis struqtura: ramdenadac kizikusis
kunZulze ganviTarebuli ambebi struqturul mimarTebas gviCveneben kol-
xidis omTan, saWirod migvaCnia yuradReba SevaCeroT ramdenime mniSvne-
lovan aspeqtze. kizikusis epizods win uZRvis pasaJi (2.627-3,13), sadac
flakusi aRwers dolionebis qveyanas da mis mmarTvels warmogvidgens
(2.627-636). amas mohyveba scena, sadac kizikusi megobrulad iRebs argo-
navtebs (2.636-648), aseve nadimis aRwera, sadac aRniSnaven damegobrebas
(2.649-664), msgavsad aris konstruirebuli kolxidaSi konfliqtis epi-
zodi: moqmedeba kolxidaSi iwyeba muzebisadmi mimarTviT (5.217-224), rasac
mosdevs winare istoriis anu movlenebis gadmocema, rac argonavtebis
kolxidaSi Casvlamde moxda da omis warmoSobis mizezebi (5.224-277).
RmerTebis scenaSi iuno da palasi gegmas awyoben, rogor warmarTon
kolxidis omi TavianT sakeTildReod. (5.278-296); paralelurad bWoben
argonavtebi, rogori gziT mividnen aietTan (.297-328). momdevno scenebSi
omis Tema ukana planze gadadis (5.329-454). aietTan Sexvedra xdeba solis
taZarSi (5.455-546). igi aRwers, Tu rogor midis ramdenime argonavti
qalaqSi, medeasTan pirvel Sexvedras, solis taZris suraTebs. amas mos-
devs aietTan audiencia (5.455-546). mefe sTxovs iasons, daexmaros persesis
winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi. mas Semdeg, rac argonavtebi qalaqSi Sedian
(5.558-569), kavSiri myardeba nadimiT, sadac aieti da iasoni erTmaneTs
warudgenen mokavSireebs (5.570-617). RmerTebis scenaSi olimpielebi
arkveven poziciebs (5.618-695), iupiteri gansazRvravs omis mimdinareobas
(5.672-689). scena mTavrdeba RmerTebis nadimiT (5.690-695).
156 Ferenczi, op. cit. 1995, 155.
102
valeriusi orive epizodis pirvel monakveTs amTavrebs nadimiT:
mesame wignSi argonavtebi nadimis Semdeg emSvidobebian kizikuss (3.1-13),
mexuTe wignSi warmodgenilia argonavtebisa da aietis nadimi (5.690-695).
momdevno scenebSi aRwerilia mowinaaRmdege mxareTa dapirispireba. orive
pasaJis bolos niadagi Semzadebulia uSualod brZolis scenebis aRweri-
saTvis. kizikusis epizodis meore monakveTi iwyeba muzebisadmi mimarTviT
(3.14-18), sadac flakusi yveba preistorias: kizikusma Seuracxyo kibele,
riTac daimsaxura sasjeli argonavtebis xeliT (3.19-31). aietic hibrisis
gamo daisaja, miuxedavad imisa, rom omSi skviTebze gamarjveba moipova,
argonavtebma gaitaces oqros sawmisi, misi samefo xelisuflebis sim-
bolo.
omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli orive epizodis agebisas flakusi sam
models eyrdnoba: apolonioss, homeross da vergiliuss. udavod kizi-
kusis epizodi fabulis doneze mihyveba apolonios rodosels (I 936-1014),
Tumca, rogorc Cven ukve vaCveneT, garkveul modifikacias ganicdis;
flakusi amas aRwevs èneidis~ pirveli wignidan Sesatyvisi pasaJebis da
motivebis SemotaniT (453-493, 561-630, 647-655, 697-756 sadac dido iRebs
eneass da uyveba troas damxobas); kolxidis omi garkveul paralelebs
gviCvenebs èneidaSi~ laciumSi momxdar omTan (7.36-322).157 eneasis
laciumSi warmoebul brZolebsa da kolxidis oms Soris konceptualuri
Tanxvedrac arsebobs. Tu moipoveben argonavtebi sawmiss, eneasi miiRebs
uflebas, troelebisaTvis italiaSi daaarsos axali samSoblo. moqme-
debis programa Camoyalibebulia iupiteris gegmaSi (Arg. 1.531-560; Sdr. Aen.
1.254-296). eneasis gamarjveba italiel mowinaaRmdegeebze emsaxureba furor
impius-is damorCilebas, rac fata-Tia gansazRvruli. àrgonavtikaSi~ omi
aris saSualeba, romlis meSveobiTac yovel gamorCeul xalxs ZaluZs
Caigdos xelSi marTvis sadaveebi. Sesabamisad, kolxidaSi momxdari omi
ganapirobebs Zalauflebis cvlas saberZneTis sakeTildReod. argonav-
tebi amarcxeben aziur Zalis ganmasaxierebel skviTebs da amiT amyareben
saberZneTis upiratesobas. iasonis sagmiro saqmeebi iwveven medeaSi siyva-
157 Tanxvedrebi TvalsaCinod aris warmodgenili smolenaarsis mier SemoTavazebul

sqemebSi: J.J.L. Smolenaars, Quellen und Rezeption. Die Verarbeitung homerischer Motive bei Valeius Flaccus,
ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 70-71.
103
ruls, romlis meSveobiTac igi moipovebs sawmiss. es movlena gana-
pirobebs konfliqts (igulisxmeba kolxTa dadevneba), romlis dasrule-
bis ASemdegac hegemonia aziidan saberZneTSi gadadis.158
axla ufro dawvrilebiT SevexoT skviTebisa da kolxebis omTan
dakavSirebul epizodebs. omis msvlelobis gadmomcem pirvel nawilSi
flakusi gviyveba skviTebis tragedias, aq aRweril epizodebSi ramdenime
mniSvnelovani da naklebadmniSvnelovani skviTi personaJis garda iRupe-
bian kolxi meomrebic. omis Sesaval striqonebSi (182-201) flakusi brZo-
lis sxvadasxva aspeqtze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. gvTavazobs omis zogad
aRwerilobas (182-188); Semoaqvs brZolis amsaxveli konkretuli scenebi
(189-195); Tanabrad iRupebian meomrebi orive mowinaaRmdegis mxridan, gan-
sakuTrebuli dramatizmi omis ganviTarebaSi ar SeimCneva. Semdeg war-
modgenilia gamorCeul gmirTa aristiebi: eqsponirebulia argonavti kas-
tori (203-264); mniSvnelovani adgili eTmoba albaneli stirusisa da
alanTa sardlis, anavsisis Sexvedras (265-278); amas mohyveba iazigi gesan-
deris aristia (279-385); skviTi ariasmenusis CarTva brZolaSi (386-426).
Sualeduri adgili uWiravs RmerTebis scenas: batalur scenebs
adgils uTmobs iunos intrigebi. igi venuss sTxovs siyvarulis qamars,
raTa medea siyvaruliT aRagznos iasonis mimarT. miiRebs medeas dis,
qalkiopes saxes da qalaqis kedlebidan qalwulTan erTad akvirdeba
omis msvlelobas (427-506).
am intermecos Semdgom kvlav Semodis omis amsaxveli scenebi. meore
nawilSi kolxebi da argonavtebi mniSvnelovan warmatebebs aRweven, medea,
romelic iuno_qalkiopesTan erTad akvirdeba omis msvlelobas, yuradRe-
bas amaxvilebs iasonze da siyvaruliT ganimsWvaleba. kmayofili iuno
stovebs moqmedebis asparezs, medea mxolod iasoniT aris Sepyrobili
(507-724). meeqvse wignis bolos flakusi kvlav persessa da medeas ubrund-
eba. persesi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvams skviTebis damarcxebis gamo, medeas
mxolod iasonis bedi adardebs. es ori mniSvnelovani figura: medea da
persesi SesavalSive Semohyavs flakuss da maTi daskvniT nawilSi moxse-
158 P. Schenk, op. cit. 1999, 271, Sdr. aseve: 32-40.
104
niebiT kompoziciurad kravs mTels meeqvse wigns. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis
qvemoT warmovadgenT omis msvlelobis struqturas:159
1-32 (32 str.) Sesavali
33-181 (149) skviTebis katalogi
182-426 (245) skviTebis warumatebloba
182-202 dasawyisi
203-264 kastoris aristia
265-278 stirusisa da anavsisis Serkineba
279-385 gesanderis aristia
386-426 ariasmenusis CarTva brZolaSi
427-476 (50) RmerTebis scena (iuno, iuno_venusi)
477-724 (248) kolxebis gamarjveba (iunosa da medeas teiqoskopia)
477-505 iuno_medea
507-574 kolxuri aliansi
575-601 iuno_medea
602-656 iasonis aristia
657-680 iuno_medea
681-724 iasoni_medea
725-760 (36) omis dasasruli (persesi_palasi; medea)
aietisa da persesis konfliqti da masTan dakavSirebuli ambebi
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT aris saintereso erTi mniSvnelovani garemoebis
gamoc. flakuss moqmedebaSi Semohyavs kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli mrava-
li axali personaJi. igi 79 axal figuras igonebs, romlebic uSualod am
konfliqtSi iReben monawileobas. isini erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian
warmomavlobiT, garegnobiT, CacmulobiT, adaT-wesebiT; bunebrivia, Ziri-
Tadad, isini statistis funqcias asruleben, Tumca mravali maTgani ga-
moirCeva gansakuTrebuli eqsponirebis xarisxiT. maT Sesaxeb ufro
detaluri msjeloba momdevno TavSi gveqneba.
ismis kiTxva: raSi dasWirda flakuss ganevrco aietisa da persesis

dapirispirebis ambavi, gamoegonebina miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis amdeni
159 E. Lüthje, op. cit. 1971, 280.
105
ucnobi axali personaJi. flakusma omis Tematikis intensifikaciiT laTi-
nuri eposi Taviseburad aqtualuri gaxada Tavisi epoqis sazogadoebisa-
Tvis. es momenti ZiriTadad ori faqtoriT unda iyos ganpirobebuli.
erTi mxriv, istoriuli realobiT, meore mxriv, avtoris gazrdili in-
teresiT kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis mimarT. omis Temis
nawarmoebSi CarTviT, romelic uciloblad mis integralur nawils
warmoadgens, flakusTan reducirebulia zRapruli epizodebi da gazrdi-
lia kavkasiis Tematika. mis gansakuTrebul interess amdeni axali kavka-
sieli personaJis gamogonebac adasturebs. maTi lingvisturi analizi
cxadyofs, Tu rogor cdilobs flakusi CrdiloeT da samxreT Savi-
zRvispireTis onomastikis gazrdas.
2. omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi pasaJis interpretaciisaTvis
poemaSi Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli ram-

denime pasaJi, romelTa gaazrebac warmoudgenelia zogadad eposis teq-
stisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. ras
gulixmobs epikuri teqsti? epikuri teqstebis komparativistuli kvlevis
safuZvelze p. grincerma gamoavlina aRmosavlur da dasavlur eposebs
Soris msgavseba-gansxvaveba.160 epikuri teqnikisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia gan-
sakuTrebuli ena, formulebis ena,161 eposis kompozicia, romelSic Sedis
garkveuli Temebisa da movlenebis erToblioba: mag., Sekrebebis aRwera
zecasa da miwaze (TaTbirebi), gmirebis mosvla da wasvla, stumarTa miRe-
ba, nadimebi, dResaswaulebi, Cacma da aRWurva, sizmrebi, mogzauroba.
kompoziciaSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba gmirTa sityvebs, maT qebas da da-
tirebas, ama Tu im movlenis katalogs; sagmiro eposSi gamoiyofa msgavsi
motivebi da siuJetebi. v. Jirmunskis162 azriT, eposSi gamoiyofa Semdegi
msgavsi motivebi da siuJetebi: gmiris saswaulebrivi dabadeba, misi
TviTnebobebi, magiuri mouwyvleloba, uCveulo cxeni da iaraRi, daZmobi-
leba, maWankloba. Zveli eposebis xSiri Temaa gmiris mier qalRmerTis
160 П. А. Гринцер, Эпос древнего мира: Типология и взаимосвязи литератур древнего мира, "Наука",
Москва 1971.
161 M. Parry, L'epithete traditionelle dans Homere, Paris 1928; M. Parry, Studies in the Epic Technique of
Oral Verse-making, p. I-II, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. XLI, 1930.
162 В. Жирмунcкий, Народный героический эпос, Москва-Ленинград 1962, 9.
106
siyvarulis uaryofa, misi SurisZieba, substitutis sikvdili an gmiris
miwisqveSeTSi mogzauroba.
sxvadasxva eposebSi calkeuli motivebis siaxlovis mizezebis
garkvevisas grinceri Seecada, moeca am motivebis miTologiuri axsna.
rogorc irkveva, yvela asaxavs sayovelTaod gavrcelebul miTosur si-
uJetebsa da warmodgenebs. savaraudoa, rom epikuri poemebis SinaarsebSi
Cadebulia garkveuli principebi, romlebic xels uwyobs erTi da imave
motivebisa da siuJetebis gamoyenebas.
rodesac mwerali raime fabulas iRebs, igi garkveulwilad
SezRudulia mxatvruli damuSavebisas, gabeduli cvlilebis Sedegad Se-
saZloa sakmaod daSordes amosaval fabulas, amdenad, unda dasjerdes
interpretacias im doziT, rom e. w. modeli fabula amocnobadi iyos; es
mas xels ar uSlis, rom garkveulwilad TviTrealizebac moaxdinos.
flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~ kolxidis omis epizodSi gvxvdeba ramde-
nime pasaJi, romelsac, vfiqrobT, garkveuli azrobrivi datvirTva gaaCnia
da maTi interpretacia da teqstualuri analizi SeuZlebeli iqneba epi-
kuri teqstisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli saerTo kanonzomierebebis gaTvalis-
winebis gareSe.
2. 1. gesanderi da iazigebis adaTi

flakusi e. w. skviTebis katalogSi moixseniebs iazigebs da maTTan
akavSirebs saintereso adaTs, romelzec sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRe-
bas pirvelad katalogSi (6. 123-128) da mogvianebiT xelmeored kolxidaSi
ZmaTa Soris omis amsaxvel scenaSi, kerZod, iazigebis sardlis gesande-
ris aristiis scenaSi (6. 282-314); Cven am adaTze ukve vimsjeleT, rodesac
esonisa da alkimedes sikvdilis ambavs ganvixilavdiT, aq mokled
gadmovcemT mis arss: roca adamiani berdeba, marjvena aRar uWris da
iaraRs veRar imorCilebs, mas Tavisi Zvirfasi memkvidre maxviliT mou-
swrafebs sicocxles, vidre igi TviTon bunebrivi sikvdiliT aResruleba.
mama-Svili amiT Tavidan icilebs Seuracxmyofel lodins da orive sasa-
xelod miiCnevs aseT sikvdils.
namque ubi iam vires gelidae notusque refutat
arcus et inceptus iam lancea temnit eriles
magnanimis mos ductus avis haud segnia mortis
107
iura pati, dextra sed carae occumbere prolis
ambo animis, ambo miri tam fortibus actis (6. 123-128)
nawarmoebSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, am adaTs ukavSirdeba kolxi quru-
mis, akvitesis ambavi, romelic Svilis, kirnusis usafrTxoebaze zrunavs,
cdilobs, igi sikvdilisgan daixsnas (6. 296-300). xanSiSesul qurums
ulmoblad klavs iazigi gesanderi, romelic aRSfoTebulia Warmagi mo-
xucis brZolis velze gamoCeniT da fiqrobs, Svils rom igi hyvareboda,
aseT samarcxvino siberemde ver miaRwevda (6. 302-316). sikvdilis piras mi-
suli akvitesi RmerTs kvlav Svilis mfarvelobas evedreba.
Tu wyaroebSi axalgazrda Taobis mier xanSiSesuli moxucebis
mimarT damokidebulebis Sesaxeb dadasturebul informacias (vguli-
sxmobT herodotosis da strabonis cnobebs) flakusTan warmodgenil
versias SevupirispirebT, aSkarad Cans, rom flakusi icnobs am adaTs,
Tumca mas garkveulwilad transformirebuli saxiT warmogvidgens: axal-
gazrda Taoba sakuTari xeliT klavs xanSi SesulT, romelTac brZolis
Zala aRar SeswevT. mTavari inovacia aris flakusiseuli motivacia: igi
am adaTs ukavSirebs cneba virtus-is gagebas. axla ki ufro dawvrilebiT:
gesanderis locvaSi, romelsac igi gardacvlili mamis aCrdilisadmi
aRavlens, Cans, rom es aris adaTi, romelic mas mama-papaTagan mosdgams,
TviTonac asrulebs da momaval Taobasac gadascems. Sesabamisad, wesis
ardamorCileba da ugulebelyofa mkrexelobad iTvleba tomis warmoma-
dgenelTa SexedulebiT. flakusi am emociurad datvirTul scenaSi gvi-
Cvenebs gansxvavebas or msoflmxedvelobas Soris, magram sayuradReboa,
rom flakusi warmogidgens ara elini/barbarosi dapirispirebas, aramed
Sida-kavkasiur tomebs Soris arsebul mentalur gansxvavebas: erTi mxriv,
adaTis damcvels iazigs, xolo, meore mxriv, kolx qurums Soris, rom-
lisTvisac miuRebelia es adaTi. garemoebas akvitesis statusic amZimebs,
SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom igi aris mavedrebeli mama, romelic
mTeli omis ganmavlobaSi cdilobs, daicvas Svili ubedurebisgan,
mavedreblis ugulebelyofa ki, rogorc cnobilia, uzenaesi RmerTis mier
dadgenil kanonebs ewinaaRmdegeba. amdenad, mkiTxvelis TvalSi aRSfoTe-
bas iwvevs is faqti, rom xanSiSesul mavedrebel mamas ulmoblad klavs
108
iazigTa sardali. amaRelvebelia is scenac, sadac sikvdilis piras mi-
suli akvitesi RmerTs kvlav Svilis mfarvelobas evedreba.
Tu am epizods ufro Rrmad davukvirdebiT, Cveni azriT, aq saqme
gvaqvs msxverplSewirvis garkveul formasTan da, amdenad, vidre am pa-
saJis analizze gadavidodeT, mokled SevexoT sakiTxs, Tu ras guli-
sxmobs zogadad msxverplSewirvis arsi da funqcia. am sakiTxze vrceli
literatura arsebobs sxvadasxva enaze. saqme gagvimartiva im garemoebam,
rom qarTul enaze mogvepoveba rusudan canavas fundamenturi naSromi
`miToritualuri modelebi, simboloebi antikur mwerlobaSi da qarTuli
literaturul-eTnologiuri paralelebi~, sadac mecnieruli Teoriebis
Studirebis safuZvelze avtori mraval mniSvnelovan konceptualur mo-
sazrebas warmogvidgens. mecnieruli Tvalsazrisebis Sejerebis safu-
Zvelze r. canava midis daskvnamde, rom msxverplSewirvis arsi, funqcia
da daniSnuleba universaluria. Sesabamisad, msxverplSewirvis miTori-
tualuri modelebis `muSaoba~ uZvelesi kulturebidan dRemde tipolo-
giuri msgavsebebis nairfer suraTs warmogvidgens.163
berZnul miTebSi adamianis danawevrebis ori modeli gvxvdeba. e. w.
`samonadireo~ miToritualidan aRmocenebuli (am tipis miTebSi adamianis
msxverplSewirvas aqvs motivacia) da e. w. `sparagmosi~ – adamianis dagle-
ja ritualuri gaSmagebisas. es modeli misteriuli kultebisTvisaa dama-
xasiaTebeli. am dros adamiani cocxlad iglijeba yovelgvari ritu-
aluri samzadisis gareSe.164
antikur literaturul ZeglebSi aRwerilia adamianTa msxverplSe-
wirvis sxvadasxva forma. am mxriv sxva Tqmulebebis gverdiT udavod ada-
mianis msxverplSewirvas gansakuTrebuli datvirTva eniWeba argonavtebis
ciklSi (friqsosis, afsirtosis, peliasis, medeas Svilebis). migvaCnia,
rom flakusTan marTlac ikveTeba omis konteqsTan dakavSirebuli ramde-
nime ambavi, romelic swored am aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba
aixsnas. flakusi rom religiur sakiTxebSi ganswavluli iyo, amas
cxadyofs misi Tanamdebobac: igi Sedioda qurumTa kolegiaSi Quindecimvir
163 r. canava, miToritualuri modelebi, simboloebi antikur mwerlobaSi da

qarTuli literaturul-eTnologiuri paralelebi, Tbilisi, logosi, 2005, 60.
164 Op. cit., 149.
109
Sacris Faciundis. kolegiis sxva danarCen wevrebTan erTad mas evaleboda
sibilanuri wignebis dacva da ganmarteba. aseve am wignebSi aRnusxuli
sxvadasxva sakulto ritualebis Catareba.
vfiqrobT, rom akvitesis da gesanderis ambis gasaanalizeblad da-
gvexmareba e. w. samonadireo miToritualidan aRmocenebuli danawevrebis
modelis gaTvaliswineba. es ambavi omis amsaxvel scenaSi ise ostaturad
aris integrirebuli, rom daukvirvebel mkiTxvels, SesaZloa, mxedvelobi-
danac ki gamorCes misi azrobrivi datvirTva. axla uSualod ritualur
aspeqtze SevCerdeT. am pasajSi aSkarad ikveTeba yvela is komponenti,
romelic aseTi tipis msxverplSewirvisTvis aris aucilebeli.
a) msxverplSewirvis Semsrulebeli: iazigi sardali gesanderi.
b) msxverplis arCeva: kolxi qurumi akvitesi. gesanderi ganzrax ir-
Cevs moxuc msxverpls, visi Sewirvac, misi warmodgeniT, ufro `gamarT-
lebuli~ iqneba, vidre axalgazrdasi. sagulisxmoa, rom mavedrebeli
akvitesi xeluxlebeli daabijebs mowinaaRmdegeTa rigebSi, TiTqos mas
veravin amCnevdes. misi sazrunavic mxolod Svilis mfarvelobaa; mas _
msxverpls mxolod gesanderi _Semsrulebeli amCnevs.
g) msxverplSewirvisaTvis mzadeba: vidre msxverplSewirvas aRasru-
lebdes, gesanderi mimarTavs mamaTa aCrdilebs patrias ... umbras (6.287),
kerZod, evedreba gardacvlili mamis, voraptusis suls, sadac kidev
erTxel mkafiod aris aRniSnuli, rom es adaTi maT mama-papisgan mos-
dgamT da rom TviTonac icavs da rom SviliSvilebic pataraobidanve
amasve swavloben (6. 288-291). locvas mosdevs avtoriseuli replika, rom
erebosma es locva gaigo haec ait, auditusque Erebo (6. 292).
d) msxverplSewirvis iaraRi: poemaSi es iaraRi moixsenieba, rogorc
ensis _ ormxrivad alesili xmali (corripit ensem, 6. 292; adacto / ense, 6. 308).
Tu ra bedi eweoda iazigebis adaTis Sesabamisad likvidirebul
moxucebs, ucnobia. flakusi amaze arafers ambobs. Tvali gadavavloT
wyaroebSi dadasturebul informacias: masagetebi (herodotosis cnoba) e.
w. kanibalur nadims awyobdnen da Wamdnen winaprebs. kaspielebis (strabo-
nis cnoba) adaTis Tanaxmad, xanSiSesuli micvalebulebi frinvelis an
ZaRlebis ulufa xdeboda, xolo Tu aravin daakarebda pirs, es cud
niSnad miaCndaT. ciceroni `tuskulanuri saubrebis~ I wignSi sxvadasxva
110
xalxebis dakrZalvis wesebis mimoxilvisas wers: magebi (iraneli quru-
mebi) miwaSi damarxvamde cxedrebs cxovelebs aglejinebdnen. hirkaniaSi
ubralo xalxi Temis ZaRlebs kvebavda, maRali wris warmomadgenlebi –
Sinaur ZaRlebs. am ZaRlebis jiSi CvenTvis kargadaa cnobili; maT gan-
sakuTrebuli mizniT zrdidnen; hirkanelebi Tvlidnen, rom am ZaRlebis
mier dagleja maTTvis saukeTeso samarxi iyo (Cic. Tusc. disp. I, XLV).
diodorosis cnobiT, sparselebi micvalebulTa gvamebs ZaRlebs uyridnen
dasaglejad (Diod. III, 62).
rogor interpretacias aZlevs TviT flakusi am adaTs? akvitesi ge-
sanders Sewyalebas sTxovs: genitor tibi si manet, oro / canitiem, comesce minas et si
tibi natus / parce meo, 305ff. gesanderi mas ar Seiwynarebs, ramdenadac es mis
adaTs ewinaaRmdegeba, Sesabamisad, misi Tvalsazrisi aseTia: `Genitor…ipse
hac occumbere dextra/maluit…/et tibi si pietas nati, si dextra fuisset,/ haut medii precibus tereres
nunc tempora belli” (308-314). gesanderisTvis es saqcieli aris pietas, da mas
rom akvitesi Seewynarebina, mis vaJkacobas Crdili miadgeboda, SesaZloa,
Temidan moekveTaT kidec. amis safuZvelze germaneli mecnieri liuTe
miiCnevs, rom misi saqcieli SeiZleba SevafasoT rogorc virtus siqvele,
ramdenadac is asrulebs wess, romelic mama-papaTagan mosdgams.165 Cven ar
veTanxmebiT am mosazrebas, ris safuZvelsac gvaZlevs TviT gesanderis
aRsasrulis forma: akvitesisadmi mimarTul sityvaSi gesanderi SeniSnavs,
rom ymawvils nebismieri xvedri Sehferis: SiSveli xeliT brZolac da
daumarxavad darCenac ki (iuvenis sors pulchrior omnis: / et certasse manu decet et
caruisse sepulchro 6. 313-4), Tumca TviTon sicocxlis bolo wuTebSi qalebTan
SebrZoleba uwevs da amaZonTa dedofali evriale klavs (6. 379ff.). man
sakuTar Tavs yvelaze samarcxvino ganaCeni gamoutana, rasac flakusi
lakonurad ori sityviT gadmogvcems gesanderis piriT: `heu pudor~ (6. 374).
imisaTvis rom sruli iyos Cven mier warmodgenili analizi,
mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, yuradReba gavamaxviloT iasonis mSoblebis
esonisa da alkimedes aRsasrulis ambavze, sadac aseve xorcieldeba
msxverplSewirva, ufro swored TviTSewirva (1. 693-850), rac aseve para-
lels gviCvenebs CvenTvis saintereso gesanderis ambavTan. flakuss am Se-
165 E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971.
111
mTxvevaSic isev da isev romaelisaTvis mniSvnelovani cnebebi pietas da
virtus-is gageba Semoaqvs. erTi-orad aris saintereso es pasaJi, ramdenadac
apoloniosTan amis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami. gansxvavebuli formiT
dasturdeba es faqti miTografosebTan.166
iasoni laSqrobaSi Tan waiyvans peliasis Svils akastuss, rac
peliasis risxvas gamoiwvevs. movlenebi iolkosSi ramdenime etapad xor-
cieldeba: peliasi gadawyvets iasonis mSoblebze iZios Suri; alkimede
da esoni xars swiraven msxverplad; peliasis xalxi moiCqaris, alkimede
da esoni sicocxles TviTmkvlelobiT167 asruleben, peliasi klavs iaso-
nis umcros Zmas.
iasonis pagases navsadguridan gamgzavrebis Semdeg, alkimede da
esoni msxverpls swiraven RmerTebs. esons gamoecxadeba mamis kreTevsis
aCrdili, romelic Seatyobinebs peliasis mzakvrul zraxvebs. amitom moi-
Txovs misgan, ramdenadac esoni misi vaJia, mamacurad gamoesalmos
sicocxles (1. 750). esons surs gadawyvitos, Tu rogori sikvdili airCios
(1.769-773), raTa, Tavis mxriv umcrosi vaJisaTvis iyos samagaliTo da aseve
ar Searcxvinos Tavisi winapari eolosi, romelic, kreTevsis TqmiT, mas
ukve aCrdilTa samefoSi elodeba (1. 751). esoni gadawyvets, rom gmirulad
aResrulos, vidre mas peliasi mouRebdes bolos. am gadawyvetilebasTan
kontrasts gviCvenebs esonis survili, rom peliasi aResrulos uCveulo,
uRirsi da saSineli sikvdiliT. `de, daeces igi ara brZolis velze, an
TviTmkvlelobiT, aramed Tavisianebma daglijon, daanawevron da daumar-
xavad datovon~
exitia indecoresque obitus! non Marte nec armis
aut nati precor ille mei dignatus ut umquam
ense cadat; quae fida manus, quae cara suorum
diripiat laceretque senem nec membra sepulchro
contegat. haec noster de rege piacula sanguis
sumat et heu cunctae quas misit in aequora gentes!' (1.810-815)
166 Sdr. Diod. Sicul. 4, 50, 1-2; Ps.-Apoll. bibl. 1, 9, 27, 1-2, cece likofronTan 175.
167 adamianTa msxverplSewirvis sxvadasxva forma arsebobda. maT Soris,
TviTSewirvac (Ю. А. Шилов, Человеческие жертвоприношения в мифоритуалах Северного
Причерноморья IV - I тыс. до н. э. // Жертвоприношение, Москва, 2000, 72-73).
112
amdenad, peliasis indecores oblitus (1. 810) kontrasts gviCvenebs esonis
didebul xvedrTan magni obitus (1. 769). flakusis mier SeTxzuli ambavi
esonisa da alkimedes TviTmkvlelobis Sesaxeb imiTac aris mniSvnelo-
vani, rom swored aq, erTi SexedviT moulodnel adgilas, aris aRwerili
aCrdilTa samefo (1. 827-831); yuradRebas ipyrobs miRmier samyaroSi Sesas-
vleli ori kari: erTi maTgani yvela xalxisaTvis da mefeTaTvis mudam
Riaa, meore ki mxolod iSviaTad iReba da mxolod gansakuTrebuli piro-
vnebaTaTvis, romelTac sicocxleSi gamoiCines Tavi siqveliT, zneobrivi
RirebulebebiT an kultmsaxurebiT (1.832-839). am karis miRma mdebareobs
netarTa kunZulebi, saiTac kreTevsi SeuZRveba esonsa da alkimedes (1.842-
847). kreTevsi maT uCvenebs agreTve kars, romlis miRmac peliass samu-
damo tanjva elodeba (1.849-850). kidev erT detalze SevaCerebT yurad-
Rebas: iasons iolkosidan gamgzavrebisTanave Seipyrobs SiSi mSoblebis
xvedris gamo, rac mas mosvenebas ukargavs. mSoblebi ki Tavis mxriv
iasonis xvedris gamo SiSoben, ra bedi eweva mas Soreul naosnobaSi.
swored es Rirebulebebi: erTmaneTze zrunva da siyvaruli, gambedaoba da
Rirseuli aRsasrulisTvis mzadyofna, pietas da virtus gamoarCevs alkimedesa
da esons sxva mokvdavTa Soris da swored amitom maTTvis iReba saiqios
is kari, romelic, Cveulebrivi mokvdavTaTvis daxurulia (1.835-838).
2.2. ariasmenusis danawevreba
Cveni yuradReba aseve miipyro erT-erTi skviTi meomris, ariasme-

nusis aRsasrulis formam. vfiqrobT, rom igi garkveul mimarTebas
gviCvenebs e. w. `sparagmosis~ modelTan168. aSkaraa, SemTxveviTi ar unda
iyos is faqti, rom ariasmenusis ambavi mosdevs gesanderisa da akvitesis
istorias, Tumca, maT Soris kidev erTi – argonavt kanTusis danawevrebis
– ambavia CarTuli, rac interpretaciisaTvis uciloblad mniSvnelovania.
ariasmenusi skviTi mebrZolia, romelic dasaxelebulia e. w. skviTe-
bis katalogSi da aseve eqsponirebulia aietsa da persess Soris gamar-
Tuli omis amsaxvel epizodSi. flakusi mas gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs,
razec metyvelebs misadmi pirdapiri apelireba: `msurs Seni saqmeni
168 am modelis TvalsaCino nimuSia dionise-Zagrevsi, penTevsi, aqteoni.
113
momaval Taobebs gadavce~ (6. 102-3). ariasmenusi omis mamoZravebeli Zalaa,
saomar etlze amxedrebuli brZolis velze dahqris, erTaderTi survili
amoZravebs, gaJlitos berZnebi da kolxebi (6. 386-389). tragikulia arias-
menusis aRsasruli, mas mteri verafers daaklebda, brZolaSi aTena pala-
si rom ar Careuliyo. gmiri sabrZolo etlidan xteba da sakuTarive
etlis basri namglebiT danawevrebuli kvdeba (6. 423-426).
vidre moyvanili adgilis interpretaciaze gadavidodeT, yurad-
Rebas gavamaxvilebT argonavt kanTusis ambavze, romelic ariasmenusis
danawevrebas uswrebs win. flakuss akvitesis sikvdilis Semdeg Segne-
bulad Semohyavs moqmedebaSi argonavti kanTusi, romelsac, iseve rogorc
ariasmenuss, uSualod mimarTavs: te quoque, Canthe, tui non inscia funeris Argo /
flevit ab invita rapientem tela carina (6.317-321).169 kanTusis ambavi asea gadmocemuli
(6. 316-371):170 gesanderi mkerdSi maxvilis dartymiT gangmiravs kanTuss.
masTan myis gaCndebian sxva argonavtebi: idasi, meleagrusi, menoetiusi da
poluqsi, telamoni cxedars fars gadaafarebs da cdilobs mis dacvas,
mowinaaRmdege ki mis miTvisebas. dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili, Tu rogor
glejen kanTuss: Sua nawilSi xels Caavlebs telamoni, kiserSi swvdeba
gesanderi. telamoni mis ukan gamotacebas lamobs. STabeWdilebas flaku-
sis xatovani Sedarebac aZlierebs: `vinmem rom sakulto msaxurebs xaris
tyavis dasarbileblad misces cximi, monacvleobiT Wimaven tyavs da ase
arbileben mas, cximi ki miwaze mowveTavs, ase cdilobda orive mxare
cxedris miTvisebas; ase glejdnen sabralos [kanTuss] nawilebad (6. 358-
363).171
ra motivacia aqvs kanTusis sikvdils? rogorc moxuci qurumis
SemTxvevaSi, argonavtTan mimarTebaSic gesanderi winaswar gaazrebulad
169 miniSneba kanTusis xvedrze pirvel wignSic gvxvdeba (1. 451).

170 es argonavti imiTac imsaxurebs yuradRebas, rom CarTulia gesanderis aristiaSi
da flakusi swored am moments irCevs mniSvnelovani informaciis gadmosacemad. kerZod,
aq gesanderi kanTuss aRuwers arqtoss [CrdiloeT kavkasias], gausaZlis pirobebs,
autanel sicives, mudmiv zamTars da araxelsayrel klimats, aRwers aseve momTabare
tomebis cxovrebis wess.
171 aRsaniSnavia, rom kanTusi laSqrobaSi monawile yvelaze mniSvnelovan gmirebs
Soris moixsenieba; rodesac iasoni akastusis dayoliebas cdilobs, CamoTvlis gmirebs
da dasZens, rom arc telamoni, arc kanTusi, arc TviT tindaridi ar miaCnia oqros
sawmisis ufro metad Rirsad, vidre akastusi (1.166-167). sayuradReboa aseve is faqti, rom
am argonavtis sikvdilis epizods, sul sxva konteqstSi, apolonios rodoselTanac
vxvdebiT; kanToss libiaSi klavs mwyemsi, romelic misgan sakuTar faras icavs (IV 1485-
1501).
114
moqmedebs (illum, ubi congress subiit Gesander iniquo territat his, 322f.). mkvlevarTa
azriT, Sewiruli adamianis danawevrebis rituali ukavSirdeba
miwaTmoqmedebas da gankuTvnilia nayofierebis matebis uzrunvelsayofad.
mokluli da danawevrebuli adamianis sxeulis nawilebs marxavdnen
mindorSi, raTa uzrunveleyoT miwis nayofiereba da weliwadis droebis
ritmuli monacvleoba. am adaTis axsnad miaCniaT ugarituli ritualuri
teqsti, romlis mixedviT, omis qalRmerTi anati klavs da anawevrebs
mots, misi sxeulis nawilebs ki mindorSi marxavs.172 meore mxriv, ada-
mianis aso-asod akuwva aris winapiroba konkretul saqmeSi warmatebisaT-
vis. vfiqrobT, swored am SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme kanTusTan
dakavSirebiT. misi danawevreba ganapirobebs imas, rom am aqtis Semdeg
argonavtebi mniSvnelovan warmatebebs aRweven brZolaSi. Tu manamde
brZola cvalebadi warmatebiT mimdinareobda, amis Semdeg upiratesoba
aSkarad argonavtebs aqvT. kanTusi aris iasonis substituti. misi si-
kvdili enacvleba iasonisas, mTavari gmiris sikvdili an hadesSi Casvla
ki, rogorc cnobilia, eposis xSiri Temaa.
axla davubrundeT isev ariasmenusis ambavs da mivyveT Tanamimdev-
rulad, Tu rogor xdeba ariasmenusis danawevreba. gmiri grZnobs, rom
dro da garemoeba moiTxovs mis asparezze gamosvlas (ecce locum tempusque,
386). ariasmenusi gondakarguliviT, yovelgvari gegmis gareSe moqmedebs
(nullo rapiens discrimine currus, 395), am STabeWdilebas isic aZlierebs, rom mas
flakusi warRvnas adarebs (390-394). moqmedebaSi erTveba aTena, romelmac
unda ganaxorcielos msxverplSewirva, igi aRmarTavs Tavis fars, maRla
wamoSlili gvelebi daafrTxoben cxenebs. damfrTxali cxenebi meetleebs
Camoagdeben da absoluturad umarTavi namglebiani etlebi (falcatos ... axes,
387, Sdr. ensibus uncis, 400) sasaklaos qmnian mebrZolTa rigebSi. Sedegi
sazarelia: erTi mxriv, cxenebis (biiugus, 413) da, meore mxriv, meetleTa
(eriles, 413) nawilebi, (artus, 413) akuwuli (secant, 414) Tvlis manebiT (radii 414)
da aRviriT (frena, 414). etli moklulTa sisxliT aris gaJRenTili (currus
caede madens, 415), masze meetleTa Signeuloba moCans (regum / viscera, 415-6). am
sazarel sanaxaobas mosdevs mamaci ariasmenusis qmedeba: uiaraRod
172 Op. cit. 63.
115
darCenili gmiri xteba etlidan (ipse recollectis audax Ariasmenus armis / desilit,
423-4), rasac mosdevs misi aRsasruli: moxrili maxvilebi (acies curvae, 424)
da borblebis namglebi (falcis... rotis, 425-6) yoveli mxridan akuwavs (secat,
424) da daanawevrebs (partitur, 425) skviT meomars.
iseve, rogorc gesanderis SemTxvevaSi, aqac TiTqmis yvela ZiriTadi
kompenenti dasturdeba, rac sparagmosis gansaxorcieleblad aris
saWiro: a) gamorCeuli msxverplis arCeva: ariasmenusi; b) sparagmosis
Camtarebeli: qalRmerTi aTena; g) iaraRi: ormagad alesili xmali.
am SemTxvevaSi, Cveni azriT, saqme gvaqvs jgufur sparagmosTan,
sadac aqcentirebulia erT-erTi gamorCeuli sardlis, ariasmenusis dana-
wevreba. flakusi, rogorc Cans, zedmiwevniT icnobs am rituals da swo-
red skviTebTan akavSirebs mas. rogorc cnobilia, adamianTa msxverpl-
Sewirva, danawevreba da nawilebis mindorSi damarxva dasturdeba
skviTebis yofaSic, cirkumSavizRvispireTis tomebSi, Crdilo kavkasiaSi,
balkaneTze, dasavleT evropasa da axlo aRmosavleTSic.173
2.3. stirusis sikvdili
stirusis ambavi Zalauflebis mopovebis miTorituals mogvagonebs.

albaneli ufliswuli stirusi medeas erT-erTi xelismTxovnelia.
stirusis garda medeas xelis mosapoveblad ramdenime gmiri ibrZvis:
henioxebisa da alanebis sardali anavsisi, skviTi koastesi, parTeli
elCi mirakesi, berZeni iasoni. aietma winaswarmetyvelebis Tanaxmad icis,
rom mas (mis Zalauflebas) safrTxe moelis ucxoelisgan, amitomac
axlos ar ikarebs maT da gadawyvets, medea araucxoels miaTxovos. igi
arCevans albanel ufliswulze aCerebs da argonavtebis kolxidaSi
Casvlis momentisaTvis stirusi, rogorc medeas kanonieri saqmro, ukve
samefo ojaxis wevrTa Soris aris dasaxelebuli absirtusisa da
friqsusis vaJebis gverdiT (5. 459-460, Sdr. 3. 496-497). anavsiss omis
dawyebamdec akavSirebs urTierToba kolxidasTan. aietze ganawyenebulia,
radgan mefem medeas xelismTxovnelTa Soris upiratesoba stiruss
mianiWa, miuxedavad imisa, rom manamde anavsiss aimedebda. iasonis garda
173 Ю. А. Шилов, op. cit., 2000.
116
medeas da, amdenad, aietis samefos xelSi Cagdebis yvela msurveli
iRupeba persessa da aiets Soris amtydar omSi. gansakuTrebulad aris
aqcentirebuli stirusis sikvdili. niSandoblivia, rom igi kolxididan
moSorebiT kvdeba, kerZod k. pevkeze, sadac imyofebian kolxididan gamo-
qceuli argonavtebi. am adgils gamorCeuli daniSnuleba aqvs: aq imarTeba
iasonisa da medeas qorwili. aqve aris samsxverplo aRmarTuli
(sacrificas...aras, 243), aseve imyofebian kultmsaxurnic (ministri, 242). sazeimo
ceremonias Seaferxebs momxvdur kolxTa laSqari absirtusis meTaur-
obiT. am laSqarSi imyofeba stirusic, romelic siyvaruliT aris anTe-
buli (flammatus amore, 8. 300). moqmedebaSi erTveba qalRmerTi iuno, misi
meoxebiT saqme ar midis xelCarTul brZolamde, radganac winaaRmdeg Sem-
TxvevaSi mravalricxovani kolxebi dasjabnidnen argonavtebs. iuno
gamoiwvevs saSinel grigals. niSandoblivia, rom pirveli stirusi Se-
amCnevs aboboqrebul zvirTebs (longa...unda, 8. 299). miuxedavad imisa, rom
mravali Seiwira da STanTqa zRvis talRebma, stirusi ar apirebs ukan
daxevas, imdenad didia misi mrisxaneba (335). gemidan gadmovardnili174
lamobs Tavis gadarCenas, Tumca arc aravis esmis misi da arc aravis
surs misi daxmareba (nulla potest, aut ulla velit, 364). igi sasikvdilodaa ganwi-
ruli. CamovayaliboT is mTavari orientirebi, rac am miToritualisaTvis
aris ganmsazRvreli: a) msxverpli aris mefis asuli xelis mTxovneli:
stirusi; b) msxverplSewirvas atarebs RvTaeba: iuno; g) msxverpli iRu-
peba gamorCeul adgilas araordinaluri formiT: stirusi kvdeba k. pev-
keze, xomaldidan gadmovardnili.
akvitesis, ariasmenusis, kanTusis, stirusis ambebi ise organulad
aris CarTuli eposis siuJetur qargaSi, rom, erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba
mxedvelobidan gamogvrCes kidec maTi mniSvneloba. oTxive ganxiluli
SemTxvevis gaanalizeba SeuZlebelia msxverplSewirvis miToritualis
gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. flakusi SemTxveviT ar arCevs msxverplad
Sesawir adamianebs, isini sxva danarCen adamianTa Soris gamoirCevian;
(sagulisxmoa, rom romaeli epikosi maT eTnikurobis TvalsazrisiTac
gamoarCevs: akvitesi kolxia, ariasmenusi – skviTi, kanTusi – berZeni,
174 Sdr. gadmocemebi simaRlidan Camovardnil adamianze (elpenori, butesi, mizenusi,

palinurusi) (canava, 2005, 230-241).
117
stirusi – albaneli). gamorCeuli msxverpli anu dasjili uSualod
gadadioda RvTaebis gankargulebaSi. oTxive SemTxvevaSi msxverpls
iwiravs RvTaeba (belona, aTena, iuno). rac Seexeba daumarxavad dato-
vebas, es sasjeli ki ar iyo, aramed dakrZalvis ZvelisZveli forma,
romlis Tanaxmadac, maradiuli substancia – Zvlebi xelmeored aRdgomis
unars SeiZenda. daumarxavad datoveba msoflios sxvadasxva xalxSi
yofila gavrcelebuli, gamonakliss arc kavkasia warmoadgens. es
rituali miToritualuri warmodgenebis ganviTarebis gviandel etapze
dasjis formad iqca da Semdgom desakralizacia ganicada. ramdenadac
dakarguli aqvs warmoSobis fesvebi da odindeli mniSvneloba, sakralu-
robisagan daclili rituali vandalobad aRiqmeba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
flakusTan es miToritualebi desakralizacias ganicdian da profanuli
xasiaTi aqvT, Tumca, isic cxadia, rom miToritualuri aspeqtis gaTva-
liswinebis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba ritualebSi ganswavluli romaeli
epikosis mier Seqmnili am pasaJebis gaazreba.
3. kolxebis warmomavloba cunabula gentis Colchidos
romaul wyaroebSi warmodgenilia saxelganTqmuli kolxuri to-

mebi: xalibebi, tibarenebi, makronebi, biZerebi, mosinikebi, filirebi, TviT
kolxebi. flakusi SavizRvispireTis Sesaxeb geografiul cnobebs zustad
icavs da avtoris Tanaxmad, xalibebi, tibarenebi, mosinikebi, biZerebi da
filirebi kolxuri tomebia. poeti lakonurad axasiaTebs dasaxelebuli
tomebis zne-Cveulebebs, ramdenadac apoloniosTan isini sakmaod detalu-
rad arian daxasiaTebulni (5.140-153), samagierod, mniSvnelovnad avsebs
cnobebs kolxTa Sesaxeb. flakusi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs
maT: sakmaod originalurad warmogvidgens solis taZars, romelsac
kolxidaSi mniSvnelovani funqcia akisria;175 aq sruldeba mniSvnelovani
molaparakebebi.176 mefe usmens warCinebul mamebs, xalxis Txovnebs (5. 405-
6). niSandoblivia, rom swored am taZris suraTebis aRweris meSveobiT (5.
175 Sdr. G. Manuwald, 1998, 307-317.

176 Sdr. vergiliusTan iunos taZari (Aen. I 440-493).
118
426ff.) SevityobT kolxidis istorias, kolxur ordo rerum-s.177 vfiqrobT,
flakusi gaazrebulad gadmoscems aseTi saxiT kolxebis istorias,
ramdenadac soli aietis mamaa da aiets TanaugrZnobs, Sesabamisad,
logikuria aietisa da iasonis Sexvedra oqros sawmisis molaparakebis
Taobaze gaimarTos ara aietis sasaxleSi (rogorc es apolonios rodo-
selTanaa warmodgenili), aramed solis taZarSi, romlis frontonzec
TviT solia gamosaxuli.178
pirveli suraTi, romelsac iasoni ramdenime TanamgzavrTan erTad
solis taZarTan misvlisas dainaxavs (5. 426-414), ganTavsebulia taZris
frontonze. soli oqrosfer cxenebTan erTad atlasze gadmodis da dRe
mohyavs. mas mosdeven mTvare momcro etliT, pleadebi da hiadebi.
non aliter quam si radiantis adirent
ora dei verasque aeterni luminis arces,
tale iubar per tecta micat. stat ferreus Atlans
Oceano genibusque tumens infringitur unda.
at medii per terga senis rapit ipse nitentes
altus equos curvoque diem subtexit Olympo.
pone rota breviore soror densaeque sequuntur
Pliades et madidis rorantes crinibus ignes (5.407-414)
taZris ormag karebze gamosaxulia cunabula gentis Colchidos ...ortusque (5. 416-
417). aRwerilia scenebi, romlebic kolxebis warmomavlobas da warsuls
gadmoscemen. movlenebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia argos kolxidaSi Ca-
mosvlasTan (5. 417-432) da ambebs, romlebic mogvianebiT korinTosSi
ganviTardeba (5. 433-454).
pirveli scena karis pirvel darabaze kolxebis warmomavlobas
gadmoscems (5. 417-423). flakusi am SemTxvevaSi aSkarad herodotoss eyr-
dnoba da iziarebs Tvalsazriss kolxebis egvipturi warmomavlobis Se-
saxeb. naCvenebia, Tu rogor midis egviptis mefe sesostrisi getebis
177 homerosidan moyolebuli xelovnebis nimuSebis aRwera eposSi cnobili movlenaa:

aqilevsis fari (Il. 18. 478-608); alkinoosis sasaxle (Od. 7. 84-133), vergiliusTan – iunos
taZari didos qveyanaSi (Aen. 1. 446-495); dedalosis mier agebuli taZrebi (6. 14-34);
lavrenteli pikusis saxli (7. 170-191); eneasis fari (8. 626-731).
178 unda aRiniSnos, rom teqstSi konkretulad ar aris miTiTebuli, Tu sad iyo esa
Tu is scena ganTavsebuli, Cven veyrdnobiT g. manuvaldis (G. Manuwald, 1998, 307-317) mier
SemoTavazebul lokalizebas.
119
winaaRmdeg salaSqrod,179 damarcxebis Semdeg jaris nawili kvlav
egvipteSi mihyavs, nawils ki aiZulebs, kolxidaSi dasaxldes; movlenis
aRwerisas xazgasmulia SiSi da Zaladoba. nawili kvlav Tavis samSob-
loSi, arsinoeSi brundeba da keTildReobasa da uzrunvelobaSi atarebs
cxovrebas Tbil farosze, kolxidaSi dasaxlebuli nawili ki amis ma-
givrad TavianT Cacmulobas cvlis sarmatul Sarvlebze, rac ucxo-
elobis, aracivilizirebulobis da barbarosobis maCveneblad unda mi-
viCnioT (5. 421-423).
am Strixis intensifikacia momdevno scenaSic xdeba, sadac personi-
ficirebuli mdinare fasisi moixsenieba epiTetiT barbarus (5. 424; Sdr. 1.
517-518).
Colchidos hic ortusque tuens, ut prima Sesostris
intulerit rex bella Getis, ut clade suorum
territus hos Thebas patriumque reducat ad amnem,
Phasidis hos imponat agris Colchosque vocari
imperet. Arsinoen illi tepidaeque requirunt
otia laeta Phari pinguemque sine imbribus annum
et iam Sarmaticis permutant carbasa bracis (5.417-423)
amave karis darabaze kolxebis warmomavlobis scenas mosdevs ori
scena (5. 424-432), romelic uSualod ar ukavSirdeba kolxebis warmomav-
lobas da drouli fiqsaciac ar aris mocemuli, Tumca, kolxebis miTiur
warsuls miekuTvneba.
pirveli scena (5. 424-428) gviCvenebs, Tu rogor sdevnis mdinaris
RmerTi fasisi kavkasiel nimfa aias, romelic iltvis mSobliur mTebSi,
Tumca, bolos SeSinebuli qalwuli kaparWs agdebs da mas RmerTi imorCi-
lebs mZlavri talRebiT.
barbarus in patriis sectatur montibus Aean
Phasis amore furens. pavidas iacit illa pharetras 425
179 sesostrisis laSqrobebisa da egviptelebisa da kolxebis msgavsebaze Sdr. aseve

(Ap. Rhod. 4. 272-278), romelic argosis sityvaSi gadmogvcems cnobas aiaSi mosaxle
kolxebis egviptelebisagan warmoSobis Sesaxeb. es tradicia herodotosisgan iRebs
dasabams (II 102-110): sesostrisma ilaSqra aziaSi, daipyro tavrebi, skviTebi; mdinare
fasisTan datova laSqris nawili, romlisganac warmoiSvnen kolxebi. berZeni
istorikosi aq emyareba gadmocemas egviptelebsa da kolxebs Soris arsebul garegnul
msgavsebebis Sesaxeb (Savgvremanebi da xuWuWTmianebi arian, wesad aqvT winadacveTa,
msgavsi wesiT amuSaveben sels, erTi aqvT cxovrebis niri da ena, Her. II, 2,103-4).
120
virgineo turbata metu, discursibus et iam 427
deficit ac volucri victam deus alligat unda.
meore scena (5. 429-432) gadmoscems ganadgurebul faeTons, romel-
sac debi dastirian, teTisi cdilobs, Seagrovos etlis natexebi da cxe-
nis lagam-aRviri, im cxenis, romelsac solis tkivilis eSinia.
flebant populeae iuvenem Phaethonta sorores
ater et Eridani trepidum globus ibat in amnem.
at iuga vix Tethys sparsumque recolligit axem
et formidantem patrios Pyroenta dolores (5.429-432)
am gamosaxulebebSic gadmocemulia Zaladoba, ubedureba da tkivi-
li, ise rom, karis pirveli darabis suraTebi damTrgunvel STabeWdi-
lebas axdenen mnaxvelze. es scenebi imavdroulad paralels gviCveneben,
erTi mxriv, medeasa da iasonis da, meore mxriv, absirtusis momaval xved-
rTan.180 medeac amaod cdilobs iasonis siyvarulisgan Tavdacvas (7.1-20,
127-152, 292-322), magram sabolood RmerTebis CareviT Tmobs da iasoni
sawadels aRwevs (6.439-479, 590-591, 7.153-186, 323-324). faeTonis ambavi absir-
tusis momaval xvedrze migvaniSnebs da faeTonis sikvdilic, garkve-
ulwilad, absirtusis aRsasrulis momaswavebelia, Tumca, imis gamo, rom
flakusis àrgonavtikis~ merve wigni Cvenamde sruli saxiT ar aris
moRweuli, amaze mxolod varaudis gamoTqma SegviZlia.
karis meore darabaze gamosaxulia movlenebi, romlebic momavalSi
unda ganviTardes (5. 433-454). miuxedavad imisa, rom konkretulad arc ad-
gili da arc personaJia dasaxelebuli da mxolod miniSnebebia erTma-
neTis miyolebiT mocemuli, gaTviTcnobierebuli mkiTxvelisaTvis yvela-
fris identifikaciaa SesaZlo.
pirvel suraTze (5. 435-439) gamosaxulia argos agebis scena da
argonavtebis mogzaurobis dasawyisi. ramdenadac argo aRwerilia ro-
gorc erTaderTi gemi mTels usazRvro zRvaze (5. 438), es garemoeba mi-
marTebas gviCvenebs prooimionSi aqcentirebul TemasTan (1. 1-4) – Soreul
qveynebSi sazRvao gzis gaxsnasTan. aq miniSnebulia mogzaurobis isto-
180 sainteresoa, rom apolonios rodoselic afsirtoss erTgan faeTonad

moixseniebs kai; min Kovlcwn ui|e" ejpwnumivhn Faevqonta ƒ e[kleon `kolxTa Svilebi metsaxelad
faeTons eZaxdnen~ (Arg. III 245-6).
121
riuli roli, rac safuZvels udebs aziis Zalauflebis dasustebas da
omebis meSveobiT berZnebis gaZlierebas.
aurea quin etiam praesaga Mulciber arte
vellera venturosque olim caelarat Achivos.
texitur Argea pinus Pagasaea securi
iamque eadem remos, eadem dea flectit habenas,
ipsa subit nudaque vocat dux agmina dextra.
exoritur Notus et toto ratis una profundo
cernitur, Odrysio gaudebant carmine phocae (5.433-439)
meore suraTi (5. 440-441) miemarTeba movlenebis dasasruls kolxi-
daSi, sadac gamosaxulni arian SeSinebuli kolxebi da medea, romelic
miatovebs mamas.
apparent trepidi per Phasidis ostia Colchi
clamantemque procul linquens regina parentem (5.440-441)
karis meore darabaze aseve gadmocemulia scenebis bolo wyeba (5.
442-451. 452-454), romelic winamavlisagan aSkarad gamoyofilia leqsikuri
formativiT (contra 5. 442) da warmoadgens korinTosis movlenebs: naCvene-
bia saqorwino CiraRdnebi, SurisZiebis qalRmerTebi, mitovebuli, sevdiani
yofili coli, mzadeba samosis da gvirgvinis mosawamlad da maTi ze-
moqmedeba axal colze (5. 442-451), da bolos, sisxliT gaJRenTili qali,
romelic frTosani drakoniT Sebmuli etliT mifrinavs haerSi (5. 452-454).
urbs erat hinc contra gemino circumflua ponto,
ludus ubi et cantus taedaeque in nocte iugales
regalique toro laetus gener; ille priorem
deserit: ultrices spectant a culmine Dirae.
deficit in thalamis turbataque paelice coniunx
pallam et gemmiferae donum exitiale coronae
apparat ante omnes secum dequesta labores.
munere quo patrias paelex ornatur ad aras
infelix et iam rutilis correpta venenis
implicat igne domos... (5.442-451)
iasonma taZris karebze gamosaxuli suraTebis daTvaliereba xali-
sianad daiwyo (nec minus hinc varia dux laetus imagine templi / ad geminas fertorafores,
122
4216f.), momdevno scenebis daTvalierebis Sedegad ki ganwyoba radikalu-
rad Seecvala, ise rom, aietTan saubris dawyebis momentisaTvis (5. 456-547)
jer kidev ganicdis avismomaswavebeli suraTebis zemoqmedebas. TviT kol-
xebsac ki, romelTac ver gaugiaT hefestos mier Seqmnili suraTebis
arsi, sZulT es suraTebi da Tvals arideben (5. 454). argonavtebic dabneu-
lni da SiSiT Sepyrobilni arian (5. 455).
...haec tum miracula Colchis
struxerat Ignipotens nondum noscentibus, ille
quis labor, aligeris aut quae secet anguibus auras
caede madens. odere tamen visusque reflectunt (5.451-454)
e. lefevri flakusis mier aseTi saxiT gadmocemul kolxebis
Sesaxeb ambebSi cdilobs, poetis Tanamedrove romaelTa istoriis anarek-
li dainaxos. rogorc Cans, romaelma epikosma mxatvruli formiT warmo-
gvidgina samoqalaqo omebi, rasac manamde lukanusi Seecada Tavis Bellum
civile-Si da flakusis Semdgom staciusi Thebais-Si. Tu apolonios
rodoseli kolxebis aRwerisas ar avlens Tanadroul mimarTebebs, le-
fevris azriT, kolxebi romaelebs aris Sedarebuli da amiT aixsneba maT
Sesaxeb Seqmnili negatiuri suraTic.181 es Tvalsazrisi garkveulwilad
misaRebia, Tumca arc is unda gamogvrCes mxedvelobidan, rom flakusi
aSkarad diferencirebul damokidebulebas avlens, erTi mxriv, Crdilo-
eTSi mosaxle tomebs da, meore mxriv, barSi mcxovreb kolxebs Soris.
4. konfliqtSi monawile tomebi
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, antikur wyaroebSi SedarebiT mcirea info-

rmacia im tomebisa da gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic kavkasiis Crdi-
loeT ferdobebze binadroben. aq ZiriTadad yuradReba gamaxvilebulia
sarmatebze, alanebze, skviTur tomebze, romlebic gamoirCevian TavianTi
mravalricxovnebiTa da urTierTobebiT kavkasiis samxreT nawilSi mcxov-
reb tomebTan. am tomebis Sesaxeb araerTi cnoba mogvepoveba. bunebrivia,
Cven ar visaxavT miznad warmovadginoT yvela wyaro, gvainteresebs, Tu ra
suraTs gviCvenebs am mxriv flakusis àrgonavtika~. apolonios rodosel-
181 E. Lefèvre, Das Bild der Kolcher in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, Phasis I, 1999, 37.
123
Tan yuradReba ZiriTadad gamaxvilebulia samx. SavizRvispireTSi mosax-
le tomebze; igi Rirebul eTnografiul cnobebs gvawvdis xalibebis (II
1002-1008), tibarenebis (II 1009-1014), mosinikebis (II 1015-1029) Sesaxeb. rac
Seexeba CrdiloeTSi mcxovreb tomebs, dasaxelebuli arian savromatebi –
kolxebisadmi mtrulad ganwyobili skviTuri tomi (igive sarmatebi III 353,
III 394);182 skviTebi, romelTa sazRvrebSic miedineba istrosi (IV 288, IV
320); mdinare istrosis sanapiroze mosaxle tomebi: siginebi (IV 320) da
gravkenebi (IV 321), aseve sindebi _ istrosis SesarTavTan lavrionis
velze mcxovrebi tomi (IV, 322).183
flakusi, SeiZleba iTqvas, uaRresad saintereso da mravalferovan
informacias gvawvdis Crd. kavkasiasa da Crd. SavizRvispireTSi mosaxle
tomebis Sesaxeb; ZiriTadad es cnobebi warmodgenilia e. w. skviTebis
katalogSi, sadac gmirebis eqsponirebasTan erTad CarTulia mravali ge-
ografiuli da eTnografiuli cnoba. am informaciis katalogSi Semota-
niT flakusi axdens argonavtebis mowinaaRmdegeebis eqsponirebas184. igi
sxvadasxva wyarodan iRebs informacias da sainteresod miCneul
detalebs skviT xalxs usadagebs; flakusi aseT informacias sxvadasxva
rogorc poeturi, aseve arapoeturi wyarodan iRebs, raTa istoriulad
damowmebulma faqtebma mis mier monaTxrobs realuri elferi SesZinos.
zogierT toms flakusi meti damajereblobisaTvis iseT adaT-wesebs
182 argosi aiets warudgens argonavtebs: `man Cemgan ismina, rom savromatebi [Seni]
didi mtrebi arian da ganizraxa saCuqrisaTvis sakadrisi samagiero mogiZRvnas da isini
Sens kverTxs daumorCilos~ (III 353). iasoni mimarTavs aiets: àxlac mzada varT,
samagiero gadagixadoT swrafi omiT: gind savromatebs davumorCilebT Sens kverTxs,
gind kidev sxva xalxs~ (III 394).
183 `velurma mwyemsebma, xomaldebis SiSiT mravalricxovani naxiri dacvarul mde-
loebze miatoves, TiTqos urCxulebiT savse zRvidan aRmomaval mxecebs xedavdnen. maT
uwin ar enaxaT sazRvao xomaldebi; arc TrakielebTan aRreul skviTebs, arc siginebs,
arc gravkenebsa da arc lavrionis udabur da did velze mosaxle sindebs~ (IV 314-322).
siginebs moixseniebs jer kidev herodotosi (Her.V, 9), strabonis mixedviT, isini
cxovroben kaspiis zRvasTan (XI, 11,8). gravkenebi mxolod apolonios rodoselTan
gvxvdeba. herodotosi sindebs da q. sindikes Savi zRvis sanapiroze aTavsebs da skviTur
tomad Tvlis (VI, 26), strabonis mixedviT, sindebi meotTa tomia (XI, 2, 1011).
184 W. Kühlmann, Katalog und Erzählung. Studien zu Konstanz und Wandel einer literarischen Form in der
antiken Epik, Diss. Freiburg/Br. 1973, 303f. geografiuli da eTnografiuli cnobebis
warmomavlobis Sesaxeb ix.: A. Heeren, De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899; R.
Harmand, De Valerio Flacco Apollonii Rhodii imitatore 1898 Nancy, 19-22: valeriusi sxvadasxva
wyaroebidan iRebs informacias da gadaaqvs sainteresod miCneuli detalebi skviT
xalxze; E. Shreeves. Landscape, Topography and Geographical Notation in the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus.
Diss. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1979, 170-175: xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom
flakusi aseT informacias sxvadasxva, rogorc poeturi, aseve arapoeturi wyaroebidan
iRebs, raTa istoriulad damowmebulma faqtebma mis mier monaTxrobs realoba mianiWos.
124
miawers, rac sxva tomebTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba wyaroebSi, an umetes-
wilad misi poeturi fantaziis nayofs warmoadgens.
tomebi, romelTac flakusi CamoTvlis, SeiZleba ramdenime jgufad
davyoT: 1. Crd. SavizRvispireTis tomebi: akesinebi, Tirsagetebi, iazigebi,
kimerielebi, satarxebi, sarmatebi, hileebi; 2. sxvadasxva warmomavlobis
Crdilo da das. SavizRvispireTis tomebi: avxatebi, arimaspebi, batarnebi,
bisaltebi, kolaletebi, koralebi, mesielebi, nevrebi; 3. Crd. kavkasieli
tomebi: alanebi, eqsomatebi, torinebi, sindebi, henioxebi; 4. kaspiispireTis
tomebi: kaspiadebi, hirkanielebi; 5. aRmosavluri warmomavlobis tomebi:
gangaridebi, drangebi, keseebi, mikeebi; 6. savaraudod flakusis mier gamo-
gonili tomebi: balonitebi, kentorebi, xoaTrebi. suraTi TvalsaCinoa,
flakusi ZiriTadad im xalxebs rTavs katalogSi, romlebic istoriulad
dasturdebian, imisaTvis, rom momxdar oms istoriuli elferi SesZinos
da realuri gaxados.
4.1. Crd. SavizRvispireTis tomebi

akesinebi185 – flakusi warmogvidgens erT-erT skviT sardals friq-
suss, romelsac akesinuri razmebi mihyavs kolxidaSi salaSqrod (Acesi-
naque .../ ...agmina, 6. 70-1).
cnobilia am saxelwodebis mdinare, romelsac pliniusi ganaTavsebs
yirimis da borisTenesis maxloblad (Plin. n. h. 4.83). Steph. Byz. Tavis damate-
baSi gvawvdis maT Sesaxeb informacias: Tavnai~...tine;~ de; kai; to;n potamo;n
ÆAkesivnhn ei\nai.
Tirsagetebi _ flakusTan es tomi dasturdeba formiT Thyrsagetae
(6.135ff.). vismanis azriT, avtors, savaraudod, surda es tomi etimologi-
urad daekavSirebina bakxusis thyrsus-Tan da, Sesabamisad, dionises miTTan,
razec metyvelebs poemis konteqstic:186 àr davdumdebi arc Tirsagetze,
romelic sisxlian omebSi timpanons daatarebs, zurgze mogdebuli aqvs
mofriale tyavi da xelT upyria yvavilebiT garSemownuli amwvanebuli
maxvili. arsebobs Tqmuleba, rom bakxusma, iupiteris da kadmusis sis-
xliT naTesavma, am razmis sardlobiT keTilsurnelovani sabeelebi, maTi
185 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 46.

125
bednieri samefo da arabebic daamarcxa, Semdeg ki, roca hebrusis wyalze
gadadioda, miatova Tirsagetebi yinulovan CrdiloeTSi. maT axlac ki
SemorCenili aqvT winaparTa adaTi: spilenZis sakravze wminda dartymebi
da fleita, mTxrobeli aRmosavluri brZolis Sesaxeb~ (6.135-142).
Tisagetebi skviTiis CrdiloeTSi, tyeSi mcxovrebi da monadire
tomia; isini cxovrobdnen savaWro gzasTan, romelic tanaisidan uralis
Sua mTebisken miemarTeboda. saxlobdnen tyis masivSi qvemo kamasTan (ka-
ma) da iyvnen finur-ugruli warmomavlobisa.187 es forma unda davukavSi-
roT herodotosis Qussagevtai (IV 22); Sdr. Steph. Byz. s. v. Thyssagetae; Mela
1.116; Plin. n. h. VI 19.
iazigebi188 – iazigebi da maTi gamorCeuli sardali gesanderi ko-
lxidaSi aietsa da persess Soris gamarTul omSi iReben monawileobas.
(6. 294-316). flakusi am tomTan akavSirebs saintereso adaTs, romelzec
Cven ukve araerTxel visaubreT.
iazigi sarmatebi saxlobdnen donsa da dneprs Soris (Strab. 7. 3. 17
Tac. Ann. 12. 29. 3). Tavdapirvelad isini meotisis tbasTan cxovrobdnen
(Ammian. Marc. XXII 8, 31). savaraudod, aleqsandre didis gardacvalebis
Semdeg maT daamxes skviTebis samefo da gavrceldnen karpatebamde. aqedan
isini mividnen donis da Taisis dablobze, sadac ptolemaiosi (Geogr. III 7)
ase gansazRvravs maTi sacxovrebeli adgilis sazRvrebs: das.-TiT da
samx.-TiT – doni, aRm.-TiT – Taisi, Crd.-TiT – karnuntumis mTebi. tacitu-
si (ann. XII 29) gvamcnobs, rom klavdiusis droisaTvis svebebis mefe vani-
usis jarSi imyofebodnen mxedari iazigebi. aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT,
rom ax. w. 50 wlisaTvis iazigebi donsa da Taiss Soris cxovrobdnen.
kimerielebi189 _ flakusi àrgonavtikaSi~ moixseniebs kimeriel
qurums avxuss (6.60, 619), romelic uricxv erTsulovan meomars sardlobs
da Tavs iwonebs kimeriuli simdidriT (igulisxmeba meomrebiT); fla-
kusTan qveynis dasalierad aris miCneuli kimerielTa adgilsamyofeli
Cimmerium domus `kimerielTa samyofeli~ (3.399). aq mdebareobs mRvime, sa-
187 A. Herrmann, Thyssagetai, RE, A. 1, 755; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.

188 Vulić, Iazyges, RE, IX. 1, 1189 S VI; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 64-5.
126
dac SavebSi mosili kelenevsi190 asamarTlebs adamianebs, romelTac
codva Caidines (3.399ff.).
antikur wyaroebSi es aris tomi, romelic saxlobda skviTur
tavrosTan da meotisis tbasTan. maTi eqspansia ganicada kavkasiam da
anatoliam. Sdr. gimeriebi, kimbrebi, qeimerebi. herodotosis Tanaxmad,
saxlobdnen skviTiis regionebSi (4.12), maTi saxeli ewoda yirimis
naxevarkunZuls. mela maT moixseniebs amaZonebisa da hiperboreelebis
gverdiT (1.13). ovidiusis mixedviT, isini floben miTiur beWeds, igi kime-
rielebTan axlos ganaTavsebs somnusis gamoqvabuls (Met.11.592).
satarxebi191 – flakusTan moixseniebian aietis winaaRmdeg daZrul
laSqarSi: TavianT almebs mohyvebian eqsomatebi, torinebi da qeraTmiani
satarxebi sua signa secuti / Exomatae Torynique et flavi crine Satarchae (6.143-4).
satarxebi mdidarni arian sawveleliT (6.145).
satarxebi yirimze mcxovrebi xalxia, romelTac saxelwodeba miiRes
q. satarxadan (Satarcha). isini epigrafikuladac dasturdebian yirimze
Satarcaiou" [Latyschev Inscriptiones orae sept. I nr. 244]; Satarcai'oi ix. Steph. Byz.
Tavfrai. kalistratosi ukavSirebs maT Tavfrai-s tafriebs, romlebic brme-
bis STamomavlebi iyvnen. herodotosis cnobiT, skviTebi rodesac rZes
mowvelian, asxamen xis WurWelSi, romelsac Semousxamdnen brmebs faSati
cxenis rZis sadRvebad. amis gamo skviTebi yvelas abrmavebdnen, visac
xelT igdebdnen (Her. IV, 2f.) da maT mxaresac Tavfrai an Tavfrh ewodeboda.
pliniusi satarxebs (Satharcheos) ganaTavsebs md. donis (n. h. VI 22),
tavrosuli xersonesosis maxloblad (IV. 85), rogorc mela (Mela II 3. 4),
romlis mixedviT, isini cxovrobdnen Palus Maeotis-Tan da iyvnen
tavroselebis aRm. mezoblebi. isini unda iyvnen monebis STamomavlebi,
romlebic maT qalbatonebs daukavSirdnen, roca skviTebi xangrZliv oms
awarmoebdnen Trakielebis winaaRmdeg. pliniusi ganarCevs Satharcheos
Herticheos da Satharcheos Spalaeos. es ukanasknelni, kislingis Tanaxmad
(Kiessling, RE, VIII, 1150), arian gamoqvabulSi mcxovrebi satarxebi, rac ara
mxolod Steph. Byz.-is Tavfra an Tavfrh-s mogvagonebs, aramed mecnieri maT
190 kelenevsi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia, masze dawvrilebiT visaubrebT

Sesabamis TavSi.
191 Weissbach, Satarchae, RE, II A. 1, 60; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 73.
127
melasTan (Mela II 10) moxseniebul xalxs Sarthae ukavSirebs, romelTac ar
uyvardaT oqro da vercxli, aramed awarmoebdnen gacvliT vaWrobas.
ukiduresad mkacr zamTars atarebdnen qvesknelebSi; saxes imosavdnen,
mxolod Tvalebi mouCandaT.
sarmatebi _ flakusi sarmatebs asaxelebs aietis winaaRmdeg
daZrul laSqarSi, isini gamoirCevian grZeli maxvilebiT, rogorc make-
donelebi (conti) Sdr. Grat.117 Macetum immensos...contos, Sil.15.684 f. conti /
Sarmatici, Tac.Hist.1.79.2 Sarmatae...neque conti neque gladii, Ann.6.35.1. flakusi
moixseniebs Sauromatae formasac at tibi quinam / Sauromatae, miseranda, proci? (7.234-
5) da saintereso eTnografiul detalsac rTavs epizodSi, kerZod, sadac
kirked qceuli iuno cdilobs, medea daiyolios, iasonze ifiqros, eubne-
ba, rom sabralos mxolod savromatebi, iberielebi da veluri gelonebi
sTxoven xels, romelTac wesad ar aqvT dasjerdnen mxolod erT cols:
cui vadis Hibero,/ ei mihi, vel saevo coniunx non una Gelono? (7.235-6).
pliniusis Tanaxmad (n. h. 4.80), Graecis Sauromatae Sauromavtai cxovrob-
dnen amJamindel ukrainaSi (tanaisis maxloblad), aseve wyaroebSi aRweri-
lia, rom isini movidnen danubiosidan teste Ovidio (Tr., Pont. passim) an Sil.3.617
Sarmaticis victor compescet sedibus Histrum da kavkasiidan (Luc.3.270 Heniochi saevisque
adfinis Sarmata Moschis, sadac mosxebi arian samxr. kolxididan); Sdr.
Herod.3.94, 7.78.192
hileebi193 _ flakusTan Hylaea ...cum gente moiCqaris sienesi (6.74).
flakusi gadmogvcems, Tu rogori xSiri da udaburi tyea am adgilas:
densior haud usquam nec celsior extulit ullas / silva trabes fessaeque prius rediere sagittae /
<arboris ad summum quam pervenere cacumen> / quin et ab Hyrcanis Titanius expulit antris
(6.76-79).
hilea aris tyiani kunZuli borisTenesis regionSi, akesinusis
maxloblad (Sdr. Her. 4.9, 18f. 54, 79); hileas Sesaxeb cnobas aseve vxvdebiT
pliniusTan: inde silvestris regio Hylaeum mare quo adluitur cognominavit (4.83). iyo Tu
ara es regioni realobaSi tyiani, ucnobia, SesaZloa, berZnebs aseTi war-
192 H. J.W. Wijsman, 2000, 79.

193 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 47-48.
128
modgena SeeqmnaT sityvis etimologiis gamo, ramdenadac u{lh `tyes~
niSnavs.194
4.2. sxvadasxva warmomavlobis Crd. da das. SavizRvispireTis tomebi

avxatebi195 – avxatebi moixseniebian flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~ aiet-
is winaaRmdeg daZrul skviTebis katalogSi, masTan am Ziridan nawarmoebi
sakuTari saxelic – avxusi – dasturdeba (Auchus, 6.60, 619) kimerieli
personaJisaTvis. flakusi avxatebTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavs maT gawa-
fulobas lasos tyorcnaSi: Auchates patulo vaga vincula gyro / spargere et extremas
laqueis adducere turmas (6.132-3) `daxelovnebulni arian avxatebi mfrinavi
bagiris Sors wriulad tyorcnaSi, romlis yulfi yvelaze ukidures
razmsac ki swvdeba~.
herodotosi am cnobas ukavSirebs sagartiebs, sparsul toms, pavsa-
niasi ki savromatebs kai; seirai`~ peribalovnte~ tw`n polemivwn oJpovsoi~ ejpituvcoein
(Paus. 1.21.5). herodotosis Tanaxmad, avxatebi erT-erTi skoloturi tomia:
touvtou~ tw`n Skuqevwn oiJ Aujcavtai gevno~ kalevontai (Her. IV 6). Tqmulebis mixedviT,
isini targitaosis ufrosi vaJiSvilisgan, lipoqseosisagan iReben dasa-
bams. miuxedavad amisa, marTvis sadaveebi xelT epyraT paralatebs (Parala-
tai), romlebic umcrosi vaJis STamomavlebi iyvnen. Tu es ukanasknelni
ukavSirdebian basileebs (Basileioi) da aroterebi (Aroteres) trapiebs (Trapies)
da katiarebs (Katiaroi), am SemTxvevaSi borisTenesTan mcxovrebi tomebi,
gerebi (Gerroi) da georgebi (Georgoi) SeiZleba davukavSiroT avxatebs (Plin.
IV 88). pliniusi akavSirebs avxatebs TqmulebasTan, sadac gadmocemulia
napeebis gamanadgurebeli brZola. saxeli, SesaZloa, niSnavdes
`gaZlierebuls~; etimologia SeiZleba davukavSiroT zd. vakhšatha `zrdas~.
arimaspebi196 – arimaspebi miTiuri xalxia skviTur CrdiloeTSi.
maT Sesaxeb cnobebi gvxvdeba aristeas prokonesosis epikur nawarmoebSi
àrimaspea~. arimaspebis saxeli skviTuri warmomavlobisaa da niSnavs
`calTvalas~ (Her. IV 27); es tomi sxvadasxva wyaroSi gvxvdeba:
Aeschyl.Prom.802ff; Kallim. H.Del.291ff; Paus.I 24, 6; Orph. Arg. 1063 da sxv. pliniusi
194 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.

195 Tomaschek, Auchatai, RE, II, 2, 2268; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 69.
196 Val. Flacc. 6. 131; Wernicke, Arimaspoi, RE, II, 1, 826-7; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347; A. Heeren, De
chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899, 31; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 68.
129
maT ganaTavsebs: Maeotae, a quibus lacus nomen accepit, ultimique a tergo eorum Arimaspi
(Plin.6.50), 4.88. arianosi ki drangebsa da araxosiebs Soris (Arr. Anab. III, 27,
4). arimaspebs asaxelebs flakusi àrgonavtikaSi~ aietis winaaRmdeg da-
Zrul skviTebis laSqarSi: mox Riphaei montes. et qui tua iugera nondum / eruis, ignotis
insons Arimaspe metallis, / doctus (6.130-2) `da Sen, arimaspo, udanaSaulo, umecaro
liTonisa, romelic jer ar Sexebixar Sens miwebs~. igi cdilobs amiT
agvixsnas, rom arimaspebma jer kidev ar ician oqros Zala, Tumca
herodotosi gadmogvcems, rom evropis CrdiloeTSi arsebobda oqro,
romelsac icavdnen grifebi, maT ki es oqro mostaces arimaspebma (III 116);
Sdr. aseve Lucan 3.280f.: auroque ligatas / substringens, Arimaspe, comas. heereni
miiCnevs, rom flakusi arimaspebs miusadagebs satarxebis wes-Cveulebebs
(Mela 2.10 auri ignari); zogadad, amas amboben skviTebis Sesaxeb (Just. 2.2.7):
aurum et argentum perinde aspernantur òqrosa da vercxls Tanabrad ugulebel-
yofen~. ВДИ-is komentatori arimaspebis toms ukavSirebs erT-erTi skviTi
personaJis, ariasmenusis saxeldebas, romelic aseve flakusis àrgonav-
tikaSi~ gvxvdeba.
batarnebi197 – flakusis Tanaxmad, skviTi sardali persesis mokav-
Sire tevtagonusi meTaurobs batarnebis toms, romlebic SeiaraRebulni
arian daumuSavebeli saqonlis tyavis farebiT.
batarnebis tomis uZvelesi saxelwodeba unda iyos Bastarnae (Strabo 7.
3. 17). cnobilia aseve var. lect.: Basternas (Tac. ann. II 65, Dion. perieg. 302, Dio, Sidon.
Apoll.), Batarnas formas gvTavazobs flakusi (6. 96), savaraudod, igi cvlis
uZveles formas metruli Tvalsazrisis gamo, Blastarni (Tab. Peut.), Basternae
(Trog. Pomp. prol. 28. 32; Ov. Tr. II 198; Plin. n. h. IV 100). pirveli didi germanuli
tomi, romelic Tavisi samSoblodan daiZra da Zv. w. II s-sTvis donis Se-
sarTavamde (donis Crd. napirze) gadaadgilda. maT rogorc pontosis ax-
los mosaxle toms (ejphvlude") moixseniebs Ps.-Skymn. 797. apianosi CamoTvlis
maT miTridatesis mokavSire xalxTa Soris (Mithr. 15. 69. 71). Zv. w. I s-sTvis
maTi adgilsamyofeli gadaWimuli iyo karpatebis aRm. mxaridan donis Se-
sarTavebamde da moixseniebian dakebis mezoblebad (Strab. III 128. VII 289.
294ff. 305f.; Plin. n. h. IV 100). ptolemaiosi (III 5, 7) maT evropuli sarmatiis
197 Ihm, Bastarnae, RE, III. 1, 110-113; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 55-56.
130
macxovreblebad miiCnevs. markomanebis omSi bastarnebi romis winaaRmdeg
gaerTianebul tomTa Soris arian moxseniebulni (Hist. Aug. M. Anton. 22).
mogvianebiT maT axsenebs Claudian. de IV cons. Honorii 450; de cons. Stil. I 96 da Sidon
Apoll. carm. V 474. VII 323. klavdianusi maTSi goTebs moiazrebs. polibiosis
aRwerilobis mixedviT (Sdr. Liv. da Plut.), isini gamoirCeodnen axovani aR-
nagobiT, meomruli suliskveTebiT (Athen. V 213). isini didsulovnebas
iCendnen mtris mimarT; ar ainteresebdaT miwaTmoqmedeba da mesaqonleoba.
mudmivad saomar laSqrobebSi iRebdnen monawileobas, sadac yovelTvis
Tan axldaT ojaxic (Plut. Liv. XLIV 26; Val. Flacc. 6. 95f.).
bisaltebi198 – maTi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb cnobebi Zalian mwirea,
Tumca cxadia, rom isini germanuli tomia. polibiosi, plutarqosi maT
galatebad Tvlian, apianosi – getebad, dion kasiosi ki maT skviTebadac
miiCnevs (Dio LI 23). straboni maT germanul tomebad moiazrebs, Tumca dar-
wmunebuli ar aris (VII 306), romaelebi ki amas darwmunebiT amboben (Plin.
n. h. IV 81; Tac. Germ. 46).
flakusi, savaraudod, icnobda im cnobas, romlis Tanaxmadac, isini
skviTebad miiCnevian da am toms skviTur adaT-wesebs ukavSirebs (6. 96)
bisaltebs aietis winaaRmdeg kolxidaSi gamarTul omSi tevtagonusi me-
Taurobs (Sdr. bastarnebi Strab. VII, 3, 2). isini SeiaraRebulni arian
daumuSavebeli saqonlis tyavis farebiTa (Sdr. makronebis da mosinikebis
dawnuli farebis Sesaxeb cnoba Xen. Anab. IV, 6, 26) da Tanabarzomieri
maxvilebiT. rogorc Cans, flakusisaTvis cnobili iyo, rom bastarnebi
germanikuli tomi iyo, Sesabamisad, maTi sardlis, tevtagonusis saxelic
teuto- elements Seicavs: A. Heeren marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom teuto- Tavsar-
TiT dawyebuli saxelebi germ. an gal. warmomavlobisaa, teuta-Ti ki –
berZnulisa. sainteresoa, ra safuZvelze akavSirebs flakusi Trakiul-
makedonuri warmomavlobis toms, bisaltebs skviTebTan? SesaZloa, igi
eyrdnoba vergiliusis cnobas, sadac bisaltebi gelonebTan (G. 3. 461:
Bisaltae... acerque Gelonus) erTad moixseniebian skviTebad, gelonusi ki, ro-
gorc cnobilia, skviTesis Zmas erqva.
198 Oberhummer, Bisaltai, RE, III. 1, 499-500; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 37.
131
kolaletebi199 // Coeletae // Koiletai // Koilaletai – (Koilh'tai) Trakiuli
tomia md. hebrusze mTebis hemosisa da rodopas maxloblad (Celaletae
maiores Haemo, minores Rhodopae subditi, inter quos Hebrus amnis, Plin. n. h. IV, 41).
tiberiusis dros maT ajanyebaze gvamcnobs tacitusi Coelaletae Odrusaeque et
Dii, validae nationes arma cepere (Tac. Ann. 3. 38. 4).
flakusis Tanaxmad, isini meotisTan saxloben da aietis winaaRmdeg
gamarTul omSi sabrZolvelad etlebze amxedrebulni moiswrafian. isini
cxovroben bewvis karvebSi TavianT col-SvilTan erTad, Svilebi xelnaze
sxedan da Tavs gamoTlili joxebis sroliT irToben (6. 81-83). am wes-Cve-
ulebis SemotaniT flakusi am toms skviTuri tomebis adaTebTan
aaxlovebs.
koralebi200 – yaCaRTa Trakiuli tomia, romelsac straboni (oiJ peri;
to; Ai/mon... Kovralloi... pavnta me;n tau'ta lh/strikwvtata e[qnh, VII, 5, 13) ganaTavsebs
hemossa da Savi zRvis sanapiros Soris, ovidiusi ki – qvemo dunaize (Pont.
IV. 2. 37. 8. 83). apianosi maT CamoTvlis im tomebs Soris, romlebic miTri-
datess miemxrnen da ganaTavsebs maT rodopesa an hemoss da istross
Soris (Mithrid. 69). ovidiusi ki maT lokalizebas istrosTan axdens.
flakusis Tanaxmad, aietis winaaRmdeg kolxidisken daZrul skviTeb-
Si moixseniebian (6. 89-94). maT aRmarTuli aqvT almebi, romlebzec gamosa-
xulia barbarosuli (ucxouri) borblebi, zurgze gamoexataT rkinis
Rorebi da iupiteris gamosaxulebebi – waWrili svetebi. ar sWirdebaT
sabrZolod mowodeba saomari yiJiniT, aramed isini mRerian TavianTi wes-
Cveulebis mixedviT gardasul ambavTa Sesaxeb, winaparTa saqmeebs asxamen
xotbas meomarTa aRsagznebad. saxelis etimologias ukavSireben spars.
kara-s mniSvnelobiT `meomari~.201
mesielebi202 (Moesus) – maT balonitebsa da sarmatebs Soris moixse-
niebs flakusi (mx. r.-Si Moesus formiT) aietis winaaRmdeg daZrul skviTe-
bis laSqarSi (6. 162). isini sxva meomarTagan imiT gamoirCevian, rom gansa-
199 Oberhummer, Koilaletai, RE, XI. 1, 1049; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 49-50.
200 Fluss, Koralloi, RE, XI. 2, 1377; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 53.
201 Sdr. W. Tomaschek, Die alten Thraker. Ein ethnologische Untersuchung, Gorgias Press, 2009 2, I 97.
202 Fluss, Moesi, RE, XV. 2, 2347-2350; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 349.
132
kuTrebiT exerxebaT cxeniT jiriTi. elvis siswrafiT icvlian daRlil
cxenebs.
mesielebi misiaSi qvemo dunaize mcxovrebi xalxia (an Trakieli an
geti). Tavdapirvelad es saxeli samx. aRm. evropuli naxevarkunZulis
Crd.-Si mcxovreb Trakiel xalxs aRniSnavda, mogvianebiT ki romaul pro-
vincia misiaSi sxvadasxva mosaxleobis gamaerTianebeli saxelwodeba iyo.
misiis teritoriebis gavrcobasTan erTad tiberiusidan moyolebuli es
saxeli Trakiul-iliriuli tomebis aRsaniSnavadac gamoiyeneboda, rom-
lebic mesielebis aRm. da das.-TiT cxovrobdnen.
nevrebi203 – flakusi skviTebis katalogSi iazigebTan erTad mo-
ixseniebs nevrebs (raptor amorum / Neurus, 6. 122) (mx. r.-is saxelobiTi br.-is
formiT Neurus).
herodotosis Tanaxmad, skviTebis Crd-TiT saxlobdnen (Her. IV 17, 100,
102, 105, 115, 125). ВДИ-is komentatori am saxels ukavSirebs herodotosTan
dadasturebul nevrebis dasaxelebas (Her. IV, 17, 4. 100, 102, 105, 125),
romlebic Soreul Crd.-Si cxovroben borisTenesis da hipanisis max-
loblad. misive cnobiT, nevrebs skviTuri adaT-wesebi hqondaT (IV 105):
pliniusi da mela aRweren maT jadosnur Zalas (Plin. n. h. 4. 88; Mela 2. 14) si
velint in lupos iterumque in eos qui fuere mutantur; dasturdeba agreTve Nervi forma
(Amm. 31.2.14).
4.3. Crd. kavkasieli tomebi

alanebi204 – didi nomaduri xalxi kavkasiisa da kaspiis zRvis
CrdiloeTiT. maT Sesaxeb cnobas gvawvdis lukianosi koina; ga;r tau`ta
ÆAlanoi`~ kai; Skuvqai~, plh;n o{ti ouj pavnu komw`sin oiJ ÆAlanoi; w{sper oiJ Skuvqai
(Lucian.Tox.51); alanebs moixseniebs lukanusic Armeniosque arcus Geticis intendite
neruis, / si uos, o Parthi, peterem cum Caspia claustra / et sequerer duros aeterni Martis Alanos
(Bell. civ. 8.223); klavdianusis mixedviT, alanebi cxovroben meotisis
maxloblad caesamque bibens Maeotin Alanus (Claud.3.312) Sdr. aseve Amm. Marc.
22.8.31; heerenis Tanaxmad, isini Tavdapirvelad cxovrobdnen pontusis aRm.
203 A. Herrmann, Neuroi, RE, XVII. 1, 158-161; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.

204 Heeren, A., De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899, 26ff; H. J.W. Wijsman,
Leiden 2000, 35.
133
sanapiroze, kolxidasTan axlos, mogvianebiT ki Seicvales sacxovrebeli
adgili.
flakusTan alanebs da velur henioxebs sardlobs anavsisi (6.42).
alanebi moixseniebian epiTetiT ardens `ficxi~. alanebi aseve gvxvdebian
brZolis velze, sadac ufrTxian iasons, rodesac am ukanasknelma bolo
mouRo skviT mebrZols, kolaqsess (6.656).
eqsomatebi – flakusTan es tomi TavianT almebs mohyvebian tori-
nebTan da qeraTmian satarxebTan erTad sua signa secuti / Exomatae Torynique et
flavi crine Satarchae (6.143-4) `CrdiloeTSi aravis hyavs maTze ufro
gamorCeuli cxenebi~. eqsomatebs nadiroba asazrdoebs: `gadaiqroleben hi-
panisis myife yinuliT dafarul wyalze, iltvian vefxvis an mrisxane Zu
lomis naSierebiT da naRvliani deda SeSdeba saeWvo napiris beqobze~
(6.146-149).
ВДИ-is komentatoris Tanaxmad, es eTnonimi SesaZloa davukavSiroT
ptolemaiosis iaqsamatebs (Geogr.V.8.16), iaZamatebs (Pseud.-Scymn, 879) an
iqsamatebs Ixamatae (Mela 1, 114),205 iqsomatebs Ixomatae et Maeotiae et Iazyges
(Amm.22.8.31).
torinebi206 (Toryni_ savaraudod, kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli erT-
erTi tomia. flakusTan moixseniebian eqsomatebisa da qeraTmiani satarxe-
bis gverdiT sua signa secuti / Exomatae Torynique et flavi crine Satarchae (6.143-4). to-
rinebi Tafls sdeben pativs (6.145). ВДИ-is komentatoris azriT, es
eTnonimi SeiZleba davukavSiroT q. torinebis dasaxelebas TesprotiaSi.
Tumca, ufro sarwmunoa, rom aq igulisxmebian toretebi (Ps. Scymn.74). swo-
red amitom gvTavazobs heereni Toretae formas da miuTiTebs strabonze
11.2.11 (Toreavtai = Torevtai, Plin. n. h. 6.17 Toretae, Steph. Byz. Torevtai). mogvianebiT
saxeli Toringus fiqsirdeba sidoniusTan Chunus, Neurus, Bastarna, Toringus
tomebis aRmniSvnel saxelTa gverdiT (Sidon. Apoll. carm. VII 323). heerens
mohyavs ekvivalenturi formebi sxva tomebTan dakavSirebiTac: Sarmat-
/Sauromat-, Exomat-/Ixabat-/Iaxamat-/Ixibat-.207

206 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 72.
207
A. Heeren, 1899, 55.
134
sindebi – xalxi aziur sarmatiaSi, azovis zRvis samxr.-aRm. sanapi-
ros da Savi zRvis Crd.-aRm. sanapiros Soris, kimeriuli bosforosis aRm.
mxares, Tanam. taimanis naxevarkunZulze. yvelaze adre isini ixseniebian
skilaqsis periplusSi. avtori tomebis CamoTvlas iwyebs Crd.-dan _ tana-
isidan (donidan) samxreTis mimarTulebiT. Tavdapirvelad igi asaxelebs
tanaisTan savromatebs, Semdeg meotebs (meotisis tbasTan), mere ki
moixseniebs sindebs (Scyl. 72). herodotosis gadmocemiT, sindebi skviTebis
mezoblad cxovroben da zamTarSi, rodesac kimeriuli bosforosi
iyineba, skviTebi yinulze gadadian etlebiT gaRma da laSqroben iq myofi
sindebis winaaRmdeg (Herod. IV, 28). amave teritoriaze asaxelebs sindebs
helanikosic _ sindebi, meotebi (zemoT), skviTebi (Helan. fr. 93). gan-
sxvavebulia sindebis lokalizacia apolonios rodoselis poemaSi. igi
maT istrosze aTavsebs. rodesac argonavtebis da afsirtosis gemebi
micuravdnen istrosze, maT gemebs gaocebiT uyurebdnen skviTebi, siginebi,
sindebi lavrionis velze rom cxovrobdnen (Ap. Rhod. IV 309-322). me-
cnierebaSi miCneulia, rom aq dasaxelebuli sindebi herodotosis (iseve,
rogorc sxva avtorebis sindebi) unda iyvnen da SecdomiT rodosels
isini istrosis napirebze, TrakiaSi gadahyavs.
sindebs axsenebs flakusic: degeneresque ruunt Sindi glomerantque paterno /
crimine nunc etiam metuentes verbera turmas (6.86-87) `gadagvarebuli sindebic moi-
swrafvian da Sekreben razmebs, maT axlac ki winaparTa danaSaulis gamo
dartymebis eSiniaT~. ВДИ-is komentatoris Tanaxmad, flakusi sindebs
degeneres uwodebs, radganac maT aigivebs brmebis (tufloiv) im STamomavleb-
Tan, romlebic herodotosis mixedviT warmoiSvnen skviTi qalebisa da mo-
nebisgan (isini ibrZodnen midiidan dabrunebuli molaSqre skviTebis wi-
naaRmdeg, romlebmac daimorCiles maTraxebiT).208 Sdr. aseve Plin. n. h. 4.80,
sadac igi degeneres gamoiyenebs skviTebTan mimarTebaSi Scythae degeneres et a
servis orti.209
henioxebi210 – (ïHnivocoi Ps.-Skyl. 71). Zv. w. V s-Si didi tomi pontosis
tyian sanapiroze, rogorc Zigebi da aqavelebi CrdiloeTSi da sanigebi

209
H. J.W. Wijsman, 2000, 51.
210 A. Plontke-Lüning, Heniochoi, DNP 5, 346-7; E. Kiessling, s. v. ïHnivocoi, RE 8. 1, 259-280.
135
samxreTSi. henioxebis mxareSi daarsda pitiusi. henioxebi misdevdnen mec-
xoveleobas, eweodnen mekobreobas mCate navebiT (Strab.11.2.14); isini Zv. w.
IV s-Si bosforosis mefem evmelosma daimorCila da aRkveTa mekobreoba
(Diod.20.25.2). Zv. w. I da ax. w. I ss-Si xdeba migraciebi Crd.-aRm. mcire azi-
aSi, sadac henioxebi pontouri alpebidan TviT md. kirusis saTaveebamde
saxldebian oritur in Heniochis montibus quos alii Coraxicos vocavere (6.26); pliniusi
maT ganaTavsebis kolxebis mezoblad ab his ad Pontum usque Heniochorum plurima
genera (Plin. n. h. 6.30).
flakusi henioxebs moixseniebs epiTetiT trux `veluri~. maT da ficx
alanebs sardlobs anavsisi aietis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi (6.42ff.). he-
nioxebis moxsenieba am epiTetiT SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos. es zedsarTavi
poemaSi sxva adgilas kolxur garemosTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba (1.743,
4.618);211 (Sdr. aseve 2.73 da 8.456, sadac trux lomis da daTvis epiTetia). am
epiTetiT ZiriTadad moixseniebian mekobreebi Sdr. Heniochae nautis plus
nocuere rates (Ov.Pont.4.10.26), ïHniovcwn... lh/strikw`~ (Strabo 17.3.24). vfiqrobT, arc
is unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom flakusi antikurobaSi gavrcelebul sa-
xels henioxes212 arqmevs medeas kolx ZiZas (5.357). amiT igi yuradRebas
amaxvilebs am tomebs Soris [kolxebsa da henioxebs] mWidro urTierTkav-
Sirze.
4.4. kaspiispireTis tomebi

kaspiadebi213 – tomi, romelic saxlobs kaspiis zRvis samxr.-das. sa-
napiroze (Strab.XI, 4,5).214 gvxvdebian saxelwodebiT Caspiani (Mela 1.12) an
Caspi (Plin.Nat.6.39). heereni215 imowmebs serviuss Amazonidum autem derivatio est
pro principalitate, sicut Scipiadas duros bello pro Scipionibus (Serv. ad Verg.Aen.1.490).
flakusi saintereso cnobas gvawvdis kaspiadebis Sesaxeb: maT
brZolaSi Tan axlavT mebrZoli ZaRlebi: `Semdeg mosdeven drangeis sa-
brZolo wyebani da TavianTi savaneebidan gamosuli kaspiadebi, romelTa
ZaRlebis xrova rqis sayviris mkafio xmaze swrafad xtis da patronTa
211 H. J.W. Wijsman, 2000, 35-36.

212 Weicker, Henioche, RE 8. 1, 258.
215 A. Heeren, De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss., Göttingen 1899, 33.
136
brZolaSi monawileobs. amitom sikvdilis Semdeg maT sakadrisi pativic
ergebaT da ikrZalebian yorRanebSi winaprebis da vaJkacTa samarxebs So-
ris. ZaRlebis xrova ukve mkerd SejavSnulebi da sazarlad ajagrulebi
Sav mwyobrad mohqrian sazareli yefiT, rogoric gaismis disis SiSis-
momgvrel SesasvlelTan an hekates amala gamoscems maRla haerSi~ (6.107-
113). heerens am adgilTan dakavSirebiT mohyavs citata strabonidan (11.4.5),
sadac msgavsi cnoba gadmocemulia albanebis ZaRlebis Sesaxeb, hirkani-
elebis gamorCeul ZaRlebze, isini aseve kaspielebTan dakavSirebiTac
moixseniebian, ramdenadac hirkania iwodeba kaspiad (Steph. Byz. levgetai kai;
ïUrkaniva hJ Kaspiva). flakusi brZolis unaris garda, rogorc amas gadmo-
gvcems elianusi (ïUrkanoi`~ kai; Mavgnhsin oiJ kuvne~ sunestratwuvonto, Ael. Hist.
Anim. 7.38), poemaSi rTavs cnobasac imis Sesaxeb, rom maT patronebTan
erTad marxaven; Sdr. ciceroni regia cum lucem posuerunt membra, probatum est /
Hyrcanis adhobere canes (Cic. Tusc. 1.108 da Sic. 13.473 f.). heerenis Tanaxmad, fla-
kusi inspirirebuli unda iyos vergiliusisgan, ramdenadac masTan cxenebi
arian pativSi samoTxeSi (Verg. Aen. 6.657ff.), magram ufro sarwmunoa, ro-
gorc vismani Tvlis, rom aq misi inspiraciis wyaroa pliniusi <canis
Hyrcanus> accenso regis Lysimachi rogo iniecit se flammae, similiterque Hieronis regis.
hirkanielebi216 – xalxi samxr. kaspiispireTSi, sadac Caedineba mdi-
nare kirusi. naxsenebia senekasTan (quaenam ista regio est?...) an feris Hister /
praebens Alanis, an subaeterna nive / hyrcana tellus an vagi passim Scythae (Sen.Thy.629-632,
Sdr. aseve Verg.Aen.4.367, 7.605) da katulusTanac, sxvadasxva orientalur
da miTiur qveynebs Soris: arabeTi, parTia, egvipte (Catul.11.5). senekas `me-
deaSi~ (712) kavkasiasTan, arabeTTan da mediasTan kavSirSi. mogvianebiT
gvxvdeba lukanusTan vastisque Hyrcania silvis (Luc.3.268; 114); lukreciusTan das-
turdeba `hirkaniuli jiSis~ meomari ZaRli (Lucr.3.750).
flakusTan aietis winaaRmdeg daZrul laSqarSi 2 hirkanieli sar-
dalia moxseniebuli: kirisi (6.80) da vanusi (6.115); brZolis amsaxvel sce-
nebSi moixseniebian hirkanieli Zmebi: medoresi (6.211) da gelasi (6.208),
romelTa mamac saxelganTqmulia jiSiani cxenebiT.
137
4.5. aRmosavluri warmomavlobis tomebi
gangaridebi217 (Gangaridai // Gandaridai) – induri tomi, romlebic md.
gangesis napirebze cxovrobdnen (Gangaridum Calingarum, Plin. Nat. 6. 65), Sdr.
vergiliusi solidoque elephanto / Gangaridum (Verg. G. 3. 26f.). maT aleqsandre
didis laSqrobis Semdgom damoukidebeli saxelmwifo Camoayalibes (Curt.
IX. 2. 1. Diod. II. 37). herodotosis mixedviT, „satagidebi, gandariebi,
dadikebi da aparitebi meSvide satrapiaSi arian gaerTianebulni (Her. III
91). megasTenesis Tanaxmad (Plin. n. h. VI 66), gangaridebis mefe flobs 60000
jars, 1000 mxedars, 700 saomar spilos, rac sakmaod did samxedro Zalas
warmoadgens. avgustusis dros maTi saxeli cnobilia romauli sazogado-
ebisaTvis. igi gvxvdeba vergiliusTan (Verg. Georg. III 26f.) da, SesaZloa,
swored misi gavleniT rTavs flakusi am toms Tavis „argonavtikaSi“ (6.
67).
aietis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi maT sardlobs datisi. Sraderi218
am saxelis niSandobliv koniunqturas gvTavazobs Dandaridum formiT, rac
aliteracias qmnis datis da darapsis saxelebis gverdiT, Tumca
flakusis gamomcemlebi forma `gangaridebs~ aniWeben upiratesobas.
dandariebi // dandaridebi moixseniebian rogorc tacitusTan (regem Danda-
ridarum exturpat, Ann. 12. 15. 1), aseve strabonTanac (11.2.11), plutarqosTan (Luc.
16), maTi mixedviT, isini cxovrobdnen md. hipanisTan axlos, yirimis
bosforosis maxloblad.
drangebi219 (Drangae) – aRm.-iranuli tomi drangianes regionSi, eti-
mandrosis qvemo dinebasTan, areiasa da hedrosias, karmaniasa da araxo-
sias Soris (Strab. XV, 2, 8; Plin. n. h. 6. 61, 94). maT qveyanas drangiane ewodeba
(Diod. XVII 78. 81. 165. XVIII 3. 39) da drangene. ufro Zv. forma anlautSi z-
TanxmovniT aris warmodgenili, rac herodotosTan Saravggai formiT
gvxvdeba. berZ. istorikosis Tanaxmad (III 93) isini centraluri udabnos
(sagartebi, Tamanebi) da karmaniis tomebTan (uitiebi, mikeebi da kunZulis
mcxovreblebi) erTad meToTxmete satrapiaSi Sedian da 600 babilon.
217 Kiessling, Gandaridai, RE, VII. 1, 694-695; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 44-
45.
218 J. Schrader, Observationum liber, Franeker, 1761, 10.
219 Tomaschek, Drangai, RE, V. 2, 1665-1667; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347.
138
talants ixdian yovelwliurad. misive mixedviT (III 117), isini parTebis da
hirkanielebis samx. mxareze cxovroben.
drangeebs kaspiadebTan erTad moixseniebs flakusi aietis wina-
aRmdeg saomrad daZrul skviTebis laSqarSi (6. 106), isini uSualod
ibrZvian kolxidaSi (6. 507).
keseebi220 (Cessaeae) –strabonis mixedviT (11. 13. 6, 16. 1. 17, Plin. n. h. 6.
134, Diod. 17. 111), koseebi midiuri tomia. herodotosis Tanaxmad, merve sat-
rapiaSi Sediodnen: suselebi da kisielebi (Her. III 91). SesaZloa Cissaeae
formac, aq eyrdnobian melas da pliniusis cnobas, romelTa Tanaxmad, am
toms ukavSireben kisebis Cissi (n. h. 6. 21) mTebs (Tomaschek, Cissii montes, RE,
III. 2, 2590: kavkasosis Crd. ganStoeba), romelsac aigiveben kavkasosis
mTebis Crd. ganStoebasTan an tomis saxelwodebasTan Cissianti (Mela 1. 13;
Plin. n. h. 6. 35), romlebic kavkasosis mTebis Crd.-Si cxovrobdnen skviTebis
mezoblad.221
mikeebi222 (Mycaei) – savaraudod baqtriuli tomia. herodotosis Ta-
naxmad, mecamete satrapiaSi Sediodnen: sarangiebi, Tamanelebi, utiebi, mi-
keebi ... kaspiebi (Her. III 93). mikeebs keseebTan erTad moixseniebs flakusi
(6. 129). isini Tmis surnelebas afrqveven (Sdr. aroni, romlis meomrebic
aseve am niSniT gamoirCevian: 5. 590, 6. 524). am tomis saxels akavSireben
baqtriul tomTan mikebTan.223 ВДИ-is komentatori ki miiCnevs, rom
SesaZloa am saxelis dakavSireba geogr. punqt meqlesosTan, romelic,
ptolemaiosis (Geogr. V 9, 5) Tanaxmad, kolxidis Crd-Si mdebareobda
(Geogr. V, 9, 6).
oTxive SemTxvevaSi es tomebi pirvelad herodotosTan dasturdeba

da aRsaniSnavia, rom maTi saxeldeba am ukanasknelTan sxvanairad JRers.
isini romelime satrapiaSi Sedian da xSir SemTxvevaSi imiT xasiaTdebian,
rom xarks ar uxdian sparseTs. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda moviyvanoT
TviT herodotosis cnoba, romlis Tanaxmadac, rac ufro Rrmad Sevdi-
varT samxreTidan kavkasiis qedis mimarTulebiT, miT ufro naklebad
220 Weissbach, Kossaioi, RE, XI. 2, 1499-1503; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 68.
221 Sdr. Tomaschek, Cissianti, RE, III. 2, 2590: xalxi meotisTan amaZonebis maxloblad.
223 A. Herrmann, Mykoi, RE, XVI. 1, 1029.
139
emorCileba mosaxleoba vinmes, Tavad sparseTis imperiasac ki. kolxebi
maTi mezoblebiviT kavkasiis mTebamde, romlebamdec vrceldeba sparsel-
Ta mmarTveloba, ar ixdian xarks da nebayoflobiTi saCuqrebiT ifargle-
bian. kavkasiis CrdiloeTiT mcxovreb xalxebs ki araferi undaT icodnen
sparselebisa (Herod. III, 97). rogorc Cans, flakusi Segnebulad arCevs am
tomebs, garkveulwilad ucvlis maT saxels, raTa, albaT, garkveuli
Seusabamoba ar Seqmniliyo herodotosis ìstoriaSi~ dadasturebul
faqtebsa da mis mier gadmocemul informacias Soris.
4.6. flakusis mier gamogonili tomebi

balonitebi224 (Balloniti) – maT flakusi skviTebis katalogSi asaxe-
lebs mesielebisa da sarmatebis gverdiT, isini orive mxridan aTanabre-
ben mokavSireTa razmebs (ibant et geminis aequantes cornibus alas / Balloniti, 6. 161).
balonitebi, rogorc Cans, sarmati xalxia; mogvianebiT saxeli
Bellonotus fiqsirdeba sidoniusTan Chunus, Neurus, Bastarna, Toringus tomebis
aRmniSvnel saxelTa gverdiT (Sidon. Apoll. carm. VII 323). etimologias
ukavSireben osur formativs balân, balwán `mtredi; Ria feris~, romelsac
erTvis mravlobiTobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi thä.
kentorebi225 (Centores) – flakusis Tanaxmad `saeWvo~ (dubius) kento-
rebi da `SiSismomgvreli~ (dirus) xoaTrebi moiswrafian kolxidaSi (6. 151-
154). maT surT oqros sawmisis xelSi Cagdeba. TavianTi jadoqrobiT SiSs
hgvrian yovelives, Tayvans scemen RmerTebs da ZaluZT gazafxulze
ayvavebis procesi SeaCeron, zamTarSi ki meotiss adnoben moqanave etle-
bisaTvis, maTTan erTad moiswrafvis kolxidisken medeas jadoqrobis
saxeliT dainteresebuli skviTi jadoqari koastesi. ВДИ-is komentatori
kentorebs ukavSirebs md. kentritess226 (Xen. Anab. IV, 3, 1), romelic evf-
ratSi Caedineba; aseve arsebobs mosazreba saxelis kentavrebTan dakavSi-
rebis Sesaxeb, romlis Semadgeneli vokali -a- Secvlilia mokle -o-
xmovniT.
224 Tomaschek, Ballonoti, RE, II. 2, 2832; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 349.

225 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 349; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 75.
226 Weissbach, Kentrites, RE, XI. 1, 181.
140
xoaTrebis227 (Choatrae) – saxeli ukavSirdeba tavrosis mTianeTis
erT-erT saxelwodebas xoaTrass (Choatrae: Plin. V 98; Sol. 38, 12): pliniusi
CamoTvlis maT Savi zRvis Crd.-das. tomebs Soris (n. h. VI 19). saxels
awarmoeben aseve avest. formatividan khwāthra, rac `brwyinvalebas~ niSnavs
da rac, SesaZloa, TovliT dafarul mTebis brwyinvalebaze miuTiTebdes.
Sdr. aseve paraxoaTrasi, mTaTa sistema armeniis samxr.-das.-TiT (Strabo, XI,
8, 1: amJ. ialbuzi).
Cven zemoT warmovadgineT informacia kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli

30-mde sxvadasxva warmomavlobis tomis Sesaxeb, romelic aietisa da per-
sesis konfliqtSia CarTuli. Cndeba kiTxva, ra ganapirobebs maT mimarT
flakusis interess da ratom akavSirebs maT argonavtebis TqmulebasTan,
ufro metic, raSi sWirdeba flakuss damatebiT kidev miTologiur tra-
diciaSi da istoriul wyaroebSi ararsebuli tomebis gamogoneba. pasuxi
erTi SeiZleba iyos. igi uaRresad aris inspirirebuli argonavtebis
TqmulebiT da kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli informaciiT. xoaTrebisa da
kentorebis da maTi sardlis koastesis siuJetSi CarTviT flakusi
exmianeba Tqmulebis or ZiriTad simbolos: oqros sawmiss da medeas. arc
koastesis saxeldebis semantikaa SemTxveviTi (berZn. kw'a" `sawmisi~).
Tanadrouli miniSnebebi, romelsac valeriusi ukavSirebs mtrulad gan-
wyobili tomebis aRweras, Tamami da ganzogadebuli xasiaTisaa, raTa
argonavtebis brZola kolxidaSi flaviusTa dinastiis qmedebebTan
daakavSiros. aseTi miniSnebebisaTvis poemaSi e. w. skviTebis katalogSi
dasaxelebulia skviTi tomebi, ramdenadac romi am regionSi ax. w. I s-Si
da gansakuTrebiT neronis periodSi oms awarmoebda, ise rom, katalogSi
ramdenime istoriuli tomis moxseniebas mkiTxvelSi unda gamoewvia
valeriusis Tanamedrove istoriis asociacia228. gansakuTrebiT aris gamo-
yofili sarmatebi da mocemulia maTi zusti aRweriloba (6. 162. 231-238),
rac tacitusis cnobebs (hist. 1. 79) exmaureba. es tomi flaviusTa epoqaSi
ganmeorebiT SeiWra imperiaSi; aseve istoriul mimarTebas gviCveneben
227 Tomaschek, Choatrae, RE, III. 2, 2355; Weissbach, Choatras, RE, III. 2, 2355; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 349;
H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 75.
228 Sdr. W. C. Summers, 1894, 55; R. Harmand, 1898, 15; R. Harmand, 1899, 38f.; R. Preiswerk, 1934,
433-435; E. Shreeves, 1979, 167-170.
141
iazigebi, iseve rogorc bisaltebis legioni, romlebic flakusis poemaSi
legio XII fulminata-s emblemas atareben, es legioni ki iudevelTa omSi
vespasianes, xolo Semdgom titusis daqvemdebarebis qveS imyofebodnen
(Sdr. Tac. hist. 5, 1; Joseph. bell. 5, 1, 6. 11, 4;)229.
229 istoriuli mimarTebebisaTvis ix. Schenk, 1999; E. Shreeves, op. cit. 118-134.
142
III. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis klasifikacia
kavkasiisa da kavkasiuri tomebis Sesaxeb antikur wyaroebSi dadast-

urebuli vrceli informacia, pirobiTad, SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT: 1.
miTologiuri da 2. istoriuli. pirvel jgufSi unda moeqces is saxeebi
da movlenebi, romlebic berZnuli miTologiuri qronologiis Tanaxmad,
Zv. w. II aTaswleulze anu e. w. gmirTa epoqaze ufro gvian ar moiazrebian,
meore jgufi ki moicavs informacias, romlis istoriuli realobac eWvs
ar iwvevs. miuxedavad imisa, rom e. w. istoriuli informacia bevrad aRe-
mateba Tavisi moculobiT (igulisxmeba personaJTa da movlenaTa simrav-
le) miTologiurs, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi Tavisi popularobiT antikur
samyaroSi ver uwevda konkurencias kavkasiasTan dakavSirebul cnobil
miTologiur saxeebsa da movlenebs, rac ganpirobebulia, erTi mxriv,
promeTes da, meore mxriv, argonavtebis Tqmulebis popularobiT, romle-
bic gansakuTrebiT gamoirCevian rogorc damuSavebis intensivobiT, aseve
personaJTa da movlenaTa raodenobiT.
rogorc ukve mravalgzis aRvniSneT, valerius flakusi gamoirCeva
argonavtebis Tqmulebis saintereso interpretaciiT, Cveni yuradReba
gansakuTrebiT miiqca im faqtma, rom masTan kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli
mravali personaJi figurirebs. isini, SesaZloa, Semdeg kategoriebad dav-
yoT: 1. miTologiur tradiciaSi cnobili personaJebi, sadac Tavis mxriv
SeiZleba gamovyoT sami qvejgufi: a) aqtiurad moqmedi figurebi (medea da
aieti); b) epizodurad moqmedi personaJebi (absirtusi) da g) figurebi,
romlebsac, faqtobrivad, funqcia aqvT dakarguli (kirke, qalkiope,
friqsusis vaJebi: argusi, frontisi, melasi, kitisorusi); 2. miTologiur
tradiciaSi naklebad cnobili personaJebi (persesi, medeas deda, fasisi,
kavkasusi); 3. saerTod ucnobi personaJebi (nimfa aia, medeas ZiZa henioxe,
kimerieli misani kelenevsi, aietisa da persesis mokavSireebi, skviTebisa
da kolxebis omSi monawile meomrebi).
1. miTologiur tradiciaSi cnobili personaJebi

daviwyoT miTologiur tradiciaSi cnobili personaJebiT, Tavda-
pirvelad SevexoT aqtiurad moqmed figurebs' medeasa da aiets. valerius
flakusma isini, SeiZleba iTqvas, axleburad warmogvidgina, rodesac
143
vambobT àxleburad~, ZiriTadad vgulisxmobT imas, rac maT apolonios
rodoselis mier Seqmnili saxeebisagan ganasxvavebT, ramdenadac yvela
flakusamdeli wyaros mocva am SemTxvevaSi Zalian Sors wagviyvanda.230
1.1. aqtiurad moqmedi figurebi

 medea 
darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom flakusis medea, romelsac, ra

Tqma unda, bevri saerTo aqvs flakusis winamorbedebTan warmodgenil
medeas figurebTan, aSkarad imdenad gamoirCeva Tavisi originalobiTa da
TviTmyofadobiT, rom Tavisuflad SegviZlia vilaparakoT `flakusis
medeaze~.231 qvemoT SevexebiT ramdenime aspeqts, rac Cveni azriT, yvelaze
arsebiTia flakusis xedvis gaazrebisaTvis: aris medea jadoqari Tu
Seyvarebuli qali, iunosa da venusis intrigis msxverpli Tu neba-
yoflobiT damnaSave, aris igi borotmoqmedi da ulmobeli barbarosi,
romelic yvelaferze wava miznis misaRwevad Tu ubralod qalia,
romelic eswrafvis bednierebas.
apolonios rodoseli medeas uSualod argonavtebis kolxidaSi
Casvlis momentisaTvis gvacnobs, flakusi ki safuZvlianad amzadebs
mkiTxvels medeasTan Sesaxvedrad poemis dasawyisidanve. saxelis aRni-
Svnis gareSe pirvelsave wignSi moixseniebs mas rogorc regis...filia (1.61),
aqve axdens misi demonuri Zalebis ilustracias
... silet possessa dracone
vellera, multifidas regis quem filia linguas
vibrantem ex adytis cantu dapibusque vocabat
et dabat externo liventia mella veneno (1.60-63)232
230 wyaroebis mimoxilvisaTvis Sdr.: P. Dräger, Argo pasimelousa. Der Argonautenmythos in der
griechischen und römischen Literatur, Palingenesia 43, Stuttgart 1993; a. uruSaZe, Zveli kolxeTi
argonavtebis TqmulebaSi, Tbilisi 1964; r. gordeziani, argonavtebi. berZnuli miTebis
samyaro, Tbilisi 1999, 20072.
231 amas mowmobs is mravalricxovani gamokvlevac, romelic flakusiseuli medeas
Sesaxeb Seiqmna: S. Wetzel, Die Gestalt der Medea bei Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1957; K. W. D. Hull, Medea
in Valerius Flaccus's Argonautica, in: Proceedings of the Leeds Philos. and Lit. Society, Lit. and Rhet. Section 16, 1,
1975, 1-25; T. Stover, Unexampled Exemplarity: Medea in the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus, in: Transactions of
the American Philological Association 141, 2011, 171-200.
232
`da rom sawmiss iseTi Zlieri drakoni darajobs, romelsac mravladdayofili
enebiT mosisines, jadosnuri galobiTa da nugbariT ixmobda siRrmidan mefis asuli da
awvdida Tafls, Sezavebuls ucxouri SxamiT, ris gamoc mas molurjo feri dahkravda~.
144
STabeWdilebas kidev ufro aZlierebs misan mopsusis winaswar-
metyveleba, romelsac is argonavtebs gaandobs, aq miniSnebaa im ambebze,
rasac medea korinTosSi moimoqmedebs, bunebrivia, evripides da senekas
mcodne mkiTxveli swvdeba maT arss.
...quaenam aligeris secat anguibus auras
caede madens? quos ense ferit? miser, eripe parvos,
Aesonide! cerno et thalamos ardere iugales! (1. 224-226)233
mkiTxveli imasac xvdeba, Tu ra safrTxe moelis peliass medeasgan,
im epizodSi, sadac esoni natrobs, peliasi aResrulos jer kidev
gaugonari saSineli sikvdiliT (1. 812-814).
amdenad, pirveli STabeWdileba medeas Sesaxeb aseTia: igi aris de-
monuri Zalebis mflobeli jadoqari, romelic SiSis zars scems yvelas.
meoTxe wignSi iupiteri ukve gacxadebulad moixseniebs mas rogorc
`damnaSave qalwuls~ impia ... / virgo:
i, Furias Veneremque move, dabit impia poenas
virgo nec Aeetae gemitus patiemur inultos (4. 13-14)234
mexuTe wignSi ki, sadac flakusi SesTxovs muzas, STaagonos kol-
xidaSi datrialebuli ambebi, medeas uwodebs `saSinel da SiSismomgvrel
qalwuls~ (foedera et horrenda), romlis winaSec SiSiT krTis argo foedera et
horrenda trepidam sub virgine puppem (5. 220).
rodis gvimxels flakusi SiSismomgvreli asulis saxels? mxolod
da mxolod mas Semdeg, rac argonavtebi kolxidaSi Cadian. pirvelad
friqsusi moixseniebs medeas Tavisi saxeliT. flakusis saintereso gamo-
nagonia friqsusis winaswarmetyveleba, romlis Tanaxmadac, qalwuli ar
unda darCes mamiseul sasaxleSi, aramed unda gaTxovdes imaze, visac
moisurvebs (5.239-240). pirvelad aqvea pirdapir gacxadebuli medeas
funqcia: igi hekates msaxuri qurumia da misi mfarvelobis qveS imyofeba.
rodesac medea apirebs jadosnuri saSualeba gadasces iasons da tovebs
233
`frTosani drakoniT vin arRvevs sivrceebs mkvlelobiT Seryvnili? vis
gangmiravs is xmliT? moaride mas bavSvebi, sabralo esonido, vxedav, rogor iwvis
sapatarZlos Talamosi~.
234
`wadi, furiebi aRZari da venusi. damnaSave qalwuli daisajos, samagiero
miezRos aietis varamis gamo~.
145
hekates Walas, samsaxovani RvTaeba mistiris mas da iasons emuqreba, rom
mwared azRvevinebs msaxuri qalis motacebas (6.499-502).
medea am winaswar gancxadebuli Tvisebebis ramdenadme kontrastu-
li niSnebiT warmogvidgeba argonavtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis momentisa-
Tvis; es Zlieri, uSiSari jadoqari erTianad damfrTxalia da SeSi-
nebuli Ramiseuli sizmris gamo (5.335-347). diliT medea midis mdinaresTan
avismomaswavebeli xilvisagan gansawmendad (horrendas lustrantia flumina noctes,
332). sizmris Sinaarsi aseTia:235 SeSinebuli medea modis hekates wminda
Walidan, miiwevs mzrunveli mamis samyofelisken (pii...patris ora, 5.336), Tumca
misgan uSvelebeli zRvis sivrce aSorebs, absirtusi cdilobs, daedevnos
medeas, qalwuli xedavs mosalodneli sikvdilis winaSe SeSinebul bi-
Webs, TviTonac damfrTxali, sisxlSia xelebgasvrili da cremlebi sdis.
am sizmris meSveobiT flakusi Segvaxsenebs, Tu rogor ùrCxulTan~
(monstrum) gvaqvs saqme da paralelurad warmogvidgens damfrTxal qal-
wuls, romelic ucxoelebis danaxvaze krTis da mxolod mas Semdeg
mSviddeba, rodesac ZiZa henioxe awynarebs, momxvdurebi berZnebi ariano.
swored am momentSi gamokveTs flakusi medeas realur statuss. aq, igi
orjer (5. 373, 385) moixseniebs mas rogorc regina-s.236
rogoria medea iasonTan pirveli Sexvedrisas? es scena udavod
homerosis cnobil pasaJs mogvagonebs òdiseadan~. aq medea gulubryvilo
navsikaas ufro hgavs, vidre stigeuri xelovnebis codniT ganTqmul ja-
doqars, igi isea dabneuli, rom verc ki bedavs, Tvali gausworos uc-
xoels. flakusis Zveli komentatorebi aq, iseve rogorc sxva mraval
SemTxvevaSi, Seusabamobas xedavdnen da miiCnevdnen, rom flakusi sakmaod
araTanamimdevrulia. maT Soris erT-erTi komentatori f. memeli
aRniSnavda Es fällt schwer, eine gerechte Ordnung hinter dem in den Argonautica
dargestellten Geschehen zu entdecken.237 memelis naSromi 1934 wels aris gamocemu-
li, mas Semdeg mravali samecniero statia gamovida, romelTa avtorebi
diametralurad gansxvavebuli azris arian. isini amtkiceben, rom
flakusi medeas xasiaTis Strixebs mkacrad gansazRvruli gegmis mi-
235 es sizmari o{rama-s tips miekuTvneba, detaluri interpretaciisaTvis ix.: U. Gärtner,

Träume bei Valerius Flaccus, Philologus 140, 1996, 300-302.
236 iasoni regina-s uwodebs iunos da ramdenimejer ase moixsenieba hifsipilec.
237
F. Mehmel, Valerius Flaccus, Hamburg 1934, 95.
146
xedviT warmogvidgens. Cvenc vfiqrobT, rom aseTi ambivalenturi Stri-
xebi medeas xasiaTSi metad saintereso saxes qmnis, yovelive es imas emsa-
xureba, rom ufro mZafrad aRviqvaT Seyvarebuli medeas grZnobebi.
am patara intermecos Semdeg flakusi kvlav im xazs agrZelebs, rom
medea, upirveles yovlisa, jadoqari da yvelaferze wamsvleli qalia,
solis taZarze gamosaxuli erT-erTi suraTi swored amas cxadyofs; aq
aRbeWdilia is ambebi, rac korinTosSi datrialdeba (5. 442-451); Sevni-
SnavT, rom am suraTebis arsi Seucnobelia kolxebisaTvis da Tvals
arideben mas, verc iasoni Cawvdeba maT arss darbazis daTvalierebisas.
romaeli epikosi medeas saxis intensifikacias skviTebis katalogSic
axdens. nusxaSi dasaxelebuli pirvelive sardali, anavsisi medeaTia
dainteresebuli, mtrulad aris ganwyobili aietis mimarT, radgan mefe
albanel stiruss Sehpirda medeas colad. medea aseve figurirebs kata-
logis nusxaSi bolo sardlis, koastesis eqsponirebisas. koastess, ro-
melic TviTonac jadoqaria, gansakuTrebiT ainteresebs kolxi qalwuli
stigeuri xelovnebis codnis gamo.
medeas saxis Strixebis gamosakveTad da kidev ufro meti
intrigisaTvis valerius flakuss iseTi novaciebi Semoaqvs poemaSi, rac
ucxo iyo elinisti mwerlisaTvis. poemis is nawili, romelzec Cven qve-
moT SevaCerebT yuradRebas, kargad dawerili dramatuli scenariviT
ikiTxeba. kerZod, rodesac situacia CixSi Sedis, kolxebi omSi did dana-
kliss ganicdian da iasons safrTxe emuqreba, iuno gamosavals eZebs; igi
xvdeba, rom medea aris erTaderTi, visac iasonis xsna SeuZlia. mxolod
aietis asuli flobs magiur Zalebs da, rac mTavaria, amas emateba misi
mzadyofna, ar SeuSindes borotmoqmedebas nullum mente nefas, nullos horrescere
visus (6. 453).
am mizniT poemaSi iasonis Semwe qalRmerTebi transformirebuli
saxiT warmogvidgebian. aucilebeli gaxda ori Careva, medea saWiro ko-
ndiciamde rom misuliyo. pirveli, roca iuno-qalkiope venusis qamars
Semoartyams medeas (6. 668), rac sakmarisi ar aRmoCndeba, amitom saqmeSi
TviT venusi-kirke erTveba. Sesabamisad, Tu apolonios rodoselTan
qalkiope da kirke aqtiurad moqmedeben, aq isini funqcias moklebulni
arian. ZiriTadi aqcenti qalRmerTebzea gadatanili.
147
CvenTvis saintereso scenebis garda, aRsaniSnavia, rom venusi
manamdec gvxvdeba transformirebuli saxiT, kerZod, igi miiRebs erT-
erTi lemnoseli qalis, driopes saxes da ise aRagznebs lemnosel qa-
lebs, daxocon TavianTi qmrebi. venusi orive SemTxvevaSi furiis fun-
qciebs iTavsebs, misi atributikac amaze miuTiTebs. doroTe elmi, gani-
xilavs ra venusisa da furiebis warmosaxvis tradicias, aRniSnavs: In den
Argonautica wiederum sei das Wirken der Venus, der Juno und der Furien fast
ununterscheidbar.238
axla ganvixiloT jer iunos da Semdeg venusis gardasaxvebi. aq
medeas sxva kuTxiT davinaxavT: aris is qalRmerTebis intrigis
msxverpli, Tu nebayoflobiT exmareba iasons, iZulebiT moqmedebs Tu
damoukideblad. ramdenadac es pasaJebi detalurad aris gamokvleuli
ulrix eiglerisa da atila ferencis SromebSi, aq mxolod ZiriTad
momentebs gamovyofT.239
iunos gardasaxva – iuno / qalkiope (6. 439 – 7. 152)
iuno mokavSireobas sTxovs venuss, miiRebs misgan sartyels da
qalkioped gadaqceuli midis medeasTan, ixmobs mas qalaqis kedlebTan,
sadac Cans, Tu rogor ibrZvian vaJkacebi (6. 477-487)240 da swored am dros
qalwuls sartyels Semoakravs welze. Tu manamde danakargs kolxebi da
argonavtebi ganicdidnen, medeas gamoCenisas suraTi icvleba, warmateba
axla maT mxarezea, iuno-qalkiope zrunavs imaze, rom iasoni uzado
sardlad da meomrad warsdges kolxi qalwulis winaSe (6. 575 Smd.). Sesa-
bamisad, ar aris gasakviri, rom iasoni umalve ipyrobs aietis asulis
yuradRebas, iuno Zalas ar iSurebs esonidis keTilSobilebis, Zleva-
mosilebis da simamacis warmosaCenad. iuno-qalkiope mxolod mas Semdeg
tovebs medeas, roca miiCnevs, rom venusis sartyelis zemoqmedebiT sa-
surveli mizani miRweulia. marTlac, medea qalkiopes wasvlis Semdegac
238
D. Elm, Venus und die Tradition der Furiendarstellung, ROV, München, 1998, 256: `flakusis argo-
navtikaSi venusis, iunos da furiebis moqmedeba TiTqmis araviTar gansxvavebas ar
gviCvenebs~. elmi Tavis mxriv imowmebs hardis, romelic askvnis, rom valerius flakusi
Tavisi venusis koncefciis safuZvelze èneidis~ Sefarul analizs awarmoebs:
valeriusi Seupirispirebs furors, romelsac èneidis~ meore nawilSi alekto iwvevs,
siyvarulis vnebas, romlis mizezic venusia, ibid. 257.
239 U. Eigler, Medea als Opfer – Die Götterintrige im VII. und VIII. Buch der Argonautica (VII 1 – VIII 67),
ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich 1991, 155-172; A. Ferenczi, Medea – eine Heldin, ROV, München 1998, 337-346.
240 dawvrilebiT iunos rolze flakusis eposSi ix.: W. Schubert, Socia Iuno. Zur Gestalt der
Götterkönigin in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, Hildesheim, Zürich 1991, 121-137.
148
rCeba mSobliur kedlebTan da Tvals adevnebs brZolas, rac mas ukve
imdenad aRar hgvris siamovnebas, radgan SiSi ipyrobs iasonis gamo. igi
mxolod brZolis dasasrulisas brundeba sakuTar TalamosSi (6.753-4).
venusis da iunos mizani SeiZleba miRweulad CaiTvalos, Tumca,
rogorc mogvianebiT ganviTarebuli movlenebi mowmoben, saWiro gaxdeba
kidev erTi ìntervencia~.
marTalia, iasonis sityva, romelsac is warmoTqvams aietis mrisxane
davalebis sapasuxod (7. 89-100), STabeWdilebas axdens medeaze da kidev
ufro umZafrebs grZnobebs, Tumca mainc meryeobs, gadawyvetilebas ver
iRebs (7. 101-152), ufro metic, egueba im azrs, rom iasoni samSobloSi
unda dabrundes (7. 139). amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom iuno am etapze ver
axerxebs qurumi qalis gardaqmnas Seyvarebul qalad; realurad, albaT,
jer arc arsebobs amisi motivacia, radgan am momentSi argonavtebs
TviTon SeuZliaT gaumklavdnen safrTxes da medeas daxmareba am
SemTxvevaSi naklebad sWirdebaT. iuno xedavs medeas meryeobas da axal
fands mimarTavs. midis venusTan da sTxovs, gaumZafros kolx qalwuls
grZnobebi, ise rom man dauyovnebliv, auRelveblad, civi gonebiT
datovos mamiseuli saxli da nebismieri ubedurebisgan daicvas misi
sayvareli iasoni (7. 159-170).
mas Semdeg rac venusi medeas siaxloves aRmoCndeba, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom medeas sulier mdgomareobaSi axali faza iwyeba. Tu manamde
medea sakuTar Tavs esaubreba da jer kidev SerCenia saRi goneba,
realurad Seafasos situacia, venusis siaxloves aRmoCena mas sxva
azrebs STaagonebs, misi warmosaxviTi Tanamosaubre axla iasonia (7. 198-
209). am sityvaSi Cans misi umweoba; mas ar ZaluZs ramiT daexmaros iasons,
sinanuls gamoTqvams imis gamo, rom iasons sZuls yvela da maT Soris
medeac. Tumca Tavs imiT inugeSebs, rom, roca iasoni davalebis Sesru-
lebisas aResruleba, misi sxeulis narCenebs moagrovebs da dakrZalavs.
misi wminda movaleoba iqneba, siyvaruli gamoavlinos gmirisadmi da mis
saflavze izrunos. venusis saqmeSi CarTvis Semdeg ki, medea ukve aSkarad
aRar aris aseTi umweo;241 igi yvelaferze wava iasonis dasaxmareblad.
241 sainteresoa, rom venusi iRebs ara qalkiopes, aramed kirkes saxes. medea
virtualur mimarTvaSi iasonisadmi axsenebs, rom igi ver ixilavs iasonis ukanasknel
149
axla vnaxoT, Tu rogor icvleba medeas sulieri mdgomareoba
venusis gamoCenis Sedegad
venusis gardasaxva – venusi / kirke (7. 153-399)
venusis uSualo Carevamde medea mainc axerxebs Tavis gakontrolebas.
flakusi zedmiwevniT gadmogvcems aietis asulis sulier mdgomareobas
mis monologSi: medea Seyvarebulia (amanti, 7. 3); igi akvirdeba sakuTar
Tavs (pervigil), SeigrZnobs Tavis survils (volens), Tumca ver Seicnobs
motivs (casu, errore): nunc ego quo casu vel quo sic pervigil usque / ipsa volens errore
trahor? (7. 9-10). rogorc ki uaxlovdeba venusi-kirke medeas, mas sevda
ipyrobs (maeret 197), gamudmebiT fiqrobs iasonze. medeaze venusis sityvebi
mizanmimarTulad moqmedebs. venusi-kirke pirdapir saqmeze gadadis (7. 223-
236); eubneba, rom medea aris misi mosvlis mizezi. mas bevri xelis-
mTxovneli exveva gars, gadawyvetilebac swori unda miiRos. imisaTvis,
rom medea advilad Seelios samSoblos, qalwuls mSobliuri mxaris
datovebis mimarT Tavis damokidebulebas gaacnobs: `Sen samSoblos
uwodeb, sadac dRe Tendeba (7.228-9), me ki araferi damrCenia aq, RmerTebi
yvela cocxali arsebisaTvis samyaros yvela mxareSi saerToa~ (227-8).
amis mere gadadis sakiTxze, sadac kolxebis da skviTebis uaryofiT
mxareebze msjelobs: `me aq didxans ver davrCebi, mec maqvs ufleba da
Senc, davtovoT daumorCilebeli kolxebi~ (non habiles...Colcos, 7.231).
kontrastisaTvis aRuwers Tavis upiratesobas: àxla var pikusis coli,
avsonieli mefis. iq ar maSinebs cecxlismfrqveveli xarebis veli. me var
tuskiuri zRvis qalbatoni, Sen ki, sabralov, mxolod savromatebi gyavs
xelis mTxovnelni. vai! vis mihyvebi, velur ibers? gelons, romlebic erT
cols ar sjerdebian~. aq ar SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT flakusiseuli
ironia: rogorc viciT, arc kirkes mier naqebi iasoni dasjerda erT
cols.
venusi miznis misaRwevad ar erideba tyuils da medeas sxvaTa So-
ris uyveba ambavs, rom masTan momavals gzad Sexvda sardali, anu iasoni,
romelsac igi medeas msaxuri gogona egona da romelmac Semweoba iTxova
bedisweras, iZulebulia mkacri dis gverdiT imyofebodes (7.201-202). albaT, amitomac

iuno gadaifiqrebs, kvlav qalkiopes saxiT rom gamoecxados medeas da venusTan midis
dasaxmareblad (7. 155).
150
zRvaze mgzavrobis dros; mxolod medeaa misi xsnis imedi da gadarCenis
erTaderTi saSualeba (7.257-283).
aseTi sityvis Semdeg medea moralurad gatyda, is, rac akavebda
nabijis gadasadgmelad, venusis `seansis~ Semdeg daZleuli aRmoCnda.
medea daxmarebas sTxovs kirkes, gamoutydeba grZnobebSi (7.238-250). venusi
bolomde masTanaa, vidre iasons ar Seaxvedrebs. magram miuxedavad amisa,
aietis asuli mainc eniT aRuwerel tanjvas ganicdis, ise rom,
gadawyvets, sawamlavi dalios, Tumca qalRmerTisave ZalisxmeviT, rode-
sac am qveynisagan ganSorebis momenti daudgeba, sul sxvagvarad Sexedavs
sicocxles. kidev erTxel gaiazrebs medea, rac SeiZleba mis moqmedebas
mohyves Sedegad: aq gamokveTilia yvelaferi is, rac ase mniSvnelovania
medeasTvis: axalgazrdoba, imis ver xilva, Tu rogor Seva absirtusi
mamakacobaSi, iasonis ususur mdgomareobaSi datoveba, radgan misi xsna
medeazea damokidebuli (7.338-343). medea cvlis gadawyvetilebas, emorCile-
ba xvedrs. misi survili iqneboda, iasons manamde SemTxveoda ubedureba,
vidre aqamde mividoda saqme (344-346). medea mainc ver iRebs damouki-
deblad saboloo gadawyvetilebas da isev venus-kirkes miandobs sakuTar
beds: `Sen, rogorc ufross, giTmob da davyvebi Sens nebas rogorc
umcrosi~ (347-349). Tumca, mas Semdeg, rac medea promeTes sisxlidan
aRmocenebul yvavils moipovebs da iasonis dasaxmareblad miemarTeba ve-
nusTan erTad, igi mainc grZnobs sindisis qenjnas, kidev erTxel surs
dasturi miiRos venusisgan, rom sworad iqceva: `TviTon iasoni mTxovs,
memudareba TviTon? ar aris es danaSauli, zians ar ayenebs wesierebas,
ar gamkicxaven ucxo kacis nebas rom davyve?~ (7.385-388), _ ekiTxeba igi
kirkes.
h. Cidli SeniSnavs, rom medeas saqcieli, SesaZloa, SevafasoT ro-
gorc nolens sequor àr msurs, magram vemorCielebi~ da kontrastisaTvis
moixmobs apolonios rodosels, sadac medea damoukideblad moqmedebs.
iq aietis asuli sixaruliT ipranWeba iasonTan Sesaxvedrad (III 828ff.),
yvelafers TviTon gegmavs (890-911), momavalze arc ki fiqrobs (835ff.),
TviTon marTavs etls (871), daufiqreblad gadascems iasons jadosnur
saSualebas (1013ff.). Cidli daaskvnis, rom medea aris damnaSave da
151
msxverpli erTdroulad (Sie ist Täter und Opfer zugleich).242 amasve exmianeba ovi-
diusis metamorfozebis medea Tavisi fraziT Video meliora proboque / deteriora
sequor (7, 20f.) `rac kargia, vici, vadideb, cuds ki veswrafvi~.
imisaTvis rom flakusis medeaze sruli STabeWdileba Segveqmnas,
saWiroa detalurad ganvixiloT iasonisa da medeas Sexvedris scenebi.
Tu maT sadialogo partiebs davukvirdebiT, aseTi suraTis mowmeni
gavxdebiT: iasonis partiebi moicavs 36 striqons, medeasi _ 40 striqons.
sityvebis Tanmimdevroba aseTia: saubars iwyebs iasoni 17 str. (413-430),
amas mosdevs medeas sami sityva (437-449+452-55, 467-472, 477-487), iasonis
meore sityva 18 str. (490-508), medeas mokle sityva 5 str. (516-521), iasonis
1 striqoniani SekiTxva (529), medeas saboloo sityva 5 str. (532-537). amde-
nad, am scenaSi maTi partiebis saerTo moculoba daaxloebiT erTnairia,
Sesabamisad, dialogSi isini Tanabari xvedriTi wiliT warmogvidgebian.
medeas Sexvedrisas surs, rom pirvelad saubari iasonma daiwyos,
raTa Seityos, Tu ras sTavazobs iasoni da amis mixedviT aagos
msjeloba. iasoni, romelic jer ar aris darwmunebuli medeas mzad-
yofnaSi, daexmaros mas, sTxovs kolx asuls, mamamisiviT Seubralebeli
nu iqneba, arwmunebs, rom igi udanaSauloa da daumsaxureblad isjeba
aietis mier (415-418), Tan Seaxsenebs imas, rom aiets samsaxuri gauwia, rom
xelidan gamoecala saukeTeso meomrebi, kanTusi da ifisi, am samsa-
xurisaTvis aiets unda gaeSva mSvidobiT iasoni da sazRauri mieca
misTvis, amis magivrad ki is axal davalebas aZlevs (422-427). aq iasoni
qalwulis grZnobebze TamaSs iwyebs, jer ambobs `bolos da bolos, Sesa-
Zloa mec movkvde~ (427-428), Tumca mere darwmunebiT dasZens: èrTi garda-
uvalia: ar movkvdebi, arasodes waval aqedan sawmisis gareSe~ (428-429).
iasonis mokrZalebuli Txovnis Semdeg, medea kvlav sircxvilis
grZnobiT aris Sepyrobili, ar icis, riTi daiwyos, ra Tqvas: flakusi
sakmaod ostaturad agebs medeas sityvas. aq naCvenebia medeas xasiaTis
erTgvari gradacia morcxvi qalwulidan ucxoeliT moxibluli qalis
mzadyofnamde, mas sakuTari sicocxle anacvalos. medeas partia ramde-
nime nawilad viTardeba da ToToeul am nawils SegviZlia vuwodoT
garkveuli nabiji iasonis keTilganwyobis an sapasuxo grZnobis mopo-
242 H. J. Tschiedel, Medea – Zauberin und Liebende, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich 1991, 172.
152
vebis gzaze. es nawilebi erTmaneTisagan gamoiyofa naratiuli CanarTebiT
an iasonis am erTgvar monologSi CarTviT. SevecadoT, am TvalsazrisiT
movaxdinoT medeas sityvis analizi da vnaxoT, Tu ra arsebiT
gansxvavebas gviCvenebs igi apolonios rodoselTan dadasturebuli
Sesabamisi scenisgan.
437-449 striqonebi SeiZleba medeas sityvis erTgvar prooimionad
gaviazroT, sadac aietis asuli iasons arwmunebs imaSi, rom igi mis ana-
baraa darCenili:
'quid, precor, in nostras venisti, Thessale, terras?
unde mei spes ulla tibi tantosque petisti
cur non ipse tua fretus virtute labores?
nempe ego si patriis timuissem excedere tectis
occideras, nempe hanc animam cras saeva manebant
funera. Iuno ubi nunc, ubi nunc Tritonia virgo,
sola tibi quoniam tantis in casibus adsum
externae regina domus? miraris et ipse,
credo, nec agnoscunt hae nunc Aeetida silvae.
sed fatis sum victa tuis. cape munera supplex
non mea teque iterum Pelias si perdere quaeret
inque alios casus, alias <si> mittet ad urbes,
heu formae ne crede tuae!'
452-455 am striqonebSi medea sTavazobs iasons absoluturad
uperspeqtivo Sanss, sakuTari ZalebiT gadalaxos winaaRmdegobebi. da Tan
gamoxatavs survils, rogorme aicilos Tavidan danaSaulze pasuxis-
mgebloba. Tumca is, rom medeas pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acdenis es cda
aseve uperspeqtivoa, Cans bunebis movlenebis aRweriT, ris Semdegac medea
ukve momzadebul balaxs gadascems iasons. da amas mosdevs misi
racionaluri praqtikuli rCevebis Semcveli sityva (467-472):
'nunc age et has' inquit 'cristas galeamque resume
quam modo funerea tenuit Discordia dextra.
hanc iace per medias, cum verteris aequora, messes.
protinus in sese conversa furoribus ibit
cuncta phalanx atque ipse fremens mirabitur et me
153
respiciet fortasse pater.'
mas Semdeg, rac mas aqvs xilva imisa, Tu ra moxdeba momavalSi, igi
iasons mimarTavs sityvebiT, romlebSic ukve Cans mzadyofna, ucxoelis
gulisTvis sakuTari sicocxle daTmos (477-487):
'sis memor, oro, mei, contra memor ipsa manebo,
crede, tui. quantum hinc aberis, dic quaeso, profundi?
quod caeli spectabo latus? sed te quoque tangat
cura mei quocumque loco, quoscumque per annos
atque hunc te meminisse velis et nostra fateri
munera, servatum pudeat nec virginis arte.
ei mihi, cur nulli stringunt tua lumina fletus?
an me mox merita morituram patris ab ira
dissimulas? te regna tuae felicia gentis,
te coniunx natique manent; ego prodita abibo
nec queror et pro te lucem quoque laeta relinquam.'
aq iasoni pirvelad erTveba dialogSi da misi sityvebi savsebiT
logikurad exmianeba medeas mzadyofnas, Tavi gaswiros iasonis gu-
lisTvis. iasons SeuZlia qalis gulis molboba mxolod imis dapirebiT,
rom colad moiyvans (490-508):
'tune' ait 'Aesoniden quicquam te velle relicta
credis et ulla peti sine te loca? redde tyranno
me potius, recipe ingratos atque exue cantus!
quis mihi lucis amor? patriam cur amplius optem
si non et genitor te primam amplectitur Aeson
teque tuo longe fulgentem vellere gaudens
spectat et ad primos procumbit Graecia fluctus?
respice ad has voces et iam, precor, adnue, coniunx.
per te, quae superis divisque potentior imis,
perque haec, virgo, tuo redeuntia sidera nutu
atque per has nostri iuro discriminis horas:
umquam ego si meriti s<im> noctis <et> immemor huius,
si te sceptra, domum, si te liquisse parentes
senseris et me iam non haec promissa tuentem,
154
tum me non tauros iuvet evasisse ferosque
terrigenas, tum me tectis tua turbet in ipsis
flamma tuaeque artes. nullus succurrere contra
ingrato queat et siquid tu saevius istis
adicias meque in medio terrore relinquas.'
ZiriTadi gardatexa ukve momxdaria. medeam miiRo iasonisgan ga-
rantia colad moyvanis Taobaze da amis Semdeg igi ukve ukonkretebs
iasons imas, Tu ra dabrkolebebis gadalaxva elis win da Tu rogori
SeiZleba iyos am procesSi medeas roli (516-521).
'accipe perdomitis quae deinde pericula tauris
et quis in Aeolio maneat te vellere custos.
nondum cuncta tibi, fateor, promissa peregi.
saevior ingenti Mavortis in arbore restat,
crede, labor. quem--tanta utinam fiducia nostri
sit mihi nocturnaeque Hecates--<. . . . . . . 521a
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .> nostrique vigoris.'
drakonis Semzaravi xma axsenebs medeas, Tu ra aris yvelaze
ukanaskneli da saSineli dabrkoleba oqros sawmisis mopovebis gzaze da
Tavisi rCeviTa da ukanaskneli emociuri argumentaciiT, oRond iasonma
SeZlos am dabrkolebis daZleva da mzad aris Tundac mokvdes medea,
faqtobrivad, sabolood arwmunebs iasons imaSi, rom man Tavisi piroba
Seasrulos.
Cndeba kiTxva, Tu rogor unda aixsnas is, rom erTmaneTs enacvleba
Seyvarebuli, SeSinebuli, TviTmkvlelobaze wamsvleli gogona da
Zlevamosili, SiSismomgvreli jadoqari. rogorc h. Cidli miiCnevs, amas
flakusi ganzrax akeTebs, raTa kontrasti metad SesagrZnobi iyos da
rac SeiZleba gamomsaxvelobiTi iyos siyvarulis Zliereba, romelic
yvelafers amarcxebs. TviT iseTi jadoqaric ki, romelic yvelas SiSs
gvris, siyvarulis winaSe uZluria. Die reinigende und verwandelnde Kraft des Eros
entkleidet Medea ihrer Dämonie, nimmt ihr alle bedrohliche Überlegenheit und reduziert sie auf
155
bloße Menschlichkeit.243 amasve exmianeba hulis mosazreba: Erst in dieser
Menschlichkeit kann Medea leiden und tragische Züge annehmen.244
qalRmerTebis Zalisxmevis miuxedavad, medeas ar tovebs imis
gancda, sworad iqceva Tu ara. rodesac kolxididan midis, mas martoobis
SegrZneba ipyrobs da ar asvenebs sinanulis grZnoba: ...quamquam Haemoniis
cum regibus iret / sola tamen (8. 205-6)245. medeas Tvalebze aqvs afarebuli
mosasxami cremlebis dasamalad ...in lumine palla / flebat adhuc (204-5).
kidev erT garemoebaze gvinda gavamaxviloT yuradReba: medeas saRi
azrovnebis unari rom ar daukargavs, amaze es faqtic metyvelebs:
rogorc ki amCnevs iasonSi meryeobas, mas Tavdacvis instinqti karnaxobs,
umalve miiRos zomebi. Tu apolonios rodoselTan medeas kolxebisaTvis
gadacemis saqmes mefe alkinoosi wyvets, aq iasons uwevs gadawyvetilebis
miReba. Sesabamisad, is aris erTaderTi, visac pasuxi SeiZleba mosTxovos
medeam. iasoni Tavis mxriv, rTul situaciaSia: man, erTi mxriv, unda
gaiTvaliswinos megzurebis (sociis, 404) azri da, meore mxriv, daicvas
medeasTvis micemuli piroba. esonids sikvdili urCevnia Tavisi cxovrebis
megzuris safrTxeSi Cagdebas (...mortemque cupit sociamque pericli / cogitat, 8. 403-
4), magram erTi cxadia, rom man gadawyvetileba unda miiRos da ganaCeni
gamoaqvs Tanamgzavrebis sasargeblod. aq xazi unda gavusvaT erT
garemoebasac, apolonios rodoselisgan gansxvavebiT, rodesac iasoni
gadawyvets, Tavisi ganaCeni auwyos miniebs, qariSxali wynardeba, anu
argonavtebs SesaZlebloba miecemaT gaemgzavron, Sesabamisad, isini aRar
gamoTqvamen medeas gamo ukmayofilebas da arc iasoni ar aris iZulebuli
medeas sawinaaRmdegod imoqmedos. Tumca medeas Tvals araferi gamo-
parvia (...ipsam interea quid restet amantem / ignorare sinunt decretaque tristia servant, 8. 406-
407), qalwuli, romelic aqamde sircxvilis grZnobiT iyo savse, iviwyebs
yvelafers da Seuracxyofili qalis poziciidan esaubreba iasons (8.415-
444). aq igi laparakobs Selaxul Rirsebaze da rac mTavaria imaze, rom
mas aqvs ufleba icodes, ra xdeba mis Tavs (...consultaque vestra / fas audire mihi,
243
H. J. Tschiedel, Medea – Zauberin und Liebende, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich 1991, 218-219.
244
K. W. D. Hull, Medea in Valerius Flaccus's Argonautica, in: Proceedings of the Leeds Philos. and Lit.
Society, Lit. and Rhet. Section 16, 1, 1975, 21.
245 `miuxedavad imisa, rom hemoniel sardlebTan erTan miemgzavreboda, mainc
simartoves grZnobda~.
156
418-9). medea iasonis Tavmoyvareobaze TamaSobs: mas moixseniebs rogorc
yvelaze erTgul meuRles (fidissime coniunx, 8. 419), mouwodebs ar gatexos
fici, radgan igi pasuxismgebelia ara megzurebis, aramed, upirveles
yovlisa, mis winaSe (...scis te mihi certe, / non socios iurasse tuos, 422-3). Tu manamde
medea imaze fiqrobda, rom iasons Tavi uxerxulad ar egrZno qalis mier
gaweuli samsaxuris gamo, amjerad daundobelia da surs, maqsimalurad
daamciros da Selaxos misi Rirseba: `SegaSina omma Cems ZmasTan, mamaCemis
xomaldebma~ (427), `Tavs damarcxebulad grZnob, ufro Zlieri mtris
safrTxeSi~ (428). da aq igi ukve gadadis Tavisi damsaxurebebis
CamoTvlaze, raTa kidev ufro mZafrad Seagnebinos iasons, rom misi
daxmarebis gareSe ver SeZlebda rTuli davalebebis Sesrulebas. medea
sul ramdenime sityviT cxadyofs Tavis amJamindel damokidebulebas
iasonisadmi, rom igi iseTi Zvirfasi aRar aris misTvis, rogorc adre
...mene, optime quondam / Aesonide (8. 441-2). da mainc, medea TiTqos Tavs
imarTlebs, gana samarTliani ar aris misi saqcieli, pasuxi mosTxovos
iasons (...me ferre preces et supplicis ora / fas erat, 442-3).246 swored es Strixi
ganasxvavebs flakusis medeas apoloniseuli medeasgan. elinist poetTan
kolxi asuli am momentSi ufro kategoriulia da mrisxane, flakusTan ki
misi xasiaTis Strixebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, ufro reliefurad aris
warmoCenili.
calke unda ganvixiloT medeas aietisadmi damokidebuleba. kolxTa
mefe rom medeaTi `spekulirebs~, cxadad Cans jer kidev mesame wignSi,
sadac igi asuls colad hpirdeba yvelas, vinc mokavSireobas gauwevs
Aeetes contra thalamis et virgine pacta / conciliat reges Scythicos primusque coacta (3. 495-6).
medeas daukiTxavad gadawyvets, igi albanel ufliswuls miaTxovos.
miuxedavad amisa, medeas mis mimarT krZalva da SiSi aqvs (8. 51-52);
yovelTvis, roca ucxoelis daxmarebas gadawyvets, mamaze fiqrobs.
sabediswero nabijis gadadgmis merec, igi mamas moixseniebs usazRvro
mowiwebiT. Tavis gamosamSvidobebel sityvaSi igi mxolod mamas axsenebs:
`rom momxveodi aTasjer ukanasknelad, mama aiet, maSin rodesac mivdivar,
246 apolonios rodoselTan medeas gasakicxi sityva 35 striqons moicavs (IV 355-390);
vidre iasoni medeasTvis arasakeTildReo gadawyvetilebas miiRebdes, kolxi qalwuli
manamde gadadis ieriSze da kicxavs. igi afeqtur mdgomareobaSia, surs yvelaferi
gadawvas da TviTonac cecxls misces Tavi.
157
da genaxa Cemi cremlebi, damijere, mama, me is Senze metad ar miyvars,
visac mivyvebi, de, male zRvis talRebSi davinTqe, Sen mSvidad da didi
xniT imefe, axla, amas gTxov, ixare Seni sxva SvilebiT~ (8.10-15). imdenad
didia mamis winaSe misi SiSi da krZalva, rom ukve meored gadawyvets
sawamlavis miRebas (8.17-19). aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom maSinac ki, rodesac
iasons gamkicxav sityvas eubneba, mxolod mamis reaqcia ainteresebs,
mxolod misi rcxvenia: `mama aRar daijerebs, rom me Cemi danaSauli-
saTvis visjebi da damokidebuli var~ (...haud hoc nunc genitor putat – aut dare
poenas / iam sceleris dominumque pati? 8. 443-4).
mas Semdeg, rac medea daexmareba iasons davalebebis SesrulebaSi,
gadascems malamos da aswavlis, Tu rogor gaumklavdes miwidan
aRmocenebul meomrebs, miaZinebs drakons da sawmiss gaatacebinebs
iasons, aseT frazas warmoTqvams: ìmedia, yvelaferi Sevasrule, rac
usamarTloa~ (omne nefas, iam, spero, peregi, 8. 108). gaTviTcnobierebulma
mkiTxvelma icis, rom medea kidev sxva saSinelebebsac Caidens. am
borotmoqmedebaTa Sesaxeb informacia ramdenime adgilas prolepsebis
saxiT gvxvdeba poemaSi. Svilebis mkvlelobaze migviTiTebs medeas
sizmari: mox stare paventes / viderat intenta pueros nece seque trementum / spargere caede
manus et lumina rumpere fletu (5.338-340) ìs xedavda iqve idgnen biWebi
SeSinebulebi mosalodneli sikvdilis winaSe, misi xelebi wabilwuli,
radgan is klavs mocaxcaxeebs da Tvalebi cremlebiT evseba~; rodesac
iasoni da medea k. pevkeze iqorwineben, mopsusi isurvebda, rom mas
[medeas] Svilebi arasodes hyoloda (et tibi iam nullos optavit, barbara, natos, 8. 251).
gvxvdeba aseve miniSnebebi kreusas xvedris Sesaxeb: k. pevkeze
qorwilis dros venusi axladdaqorwinebulebs uZRvnis samoss oqros
kantiT moqarguls da ormag gvirgvins, margalitebs, romelic ganku-
Tvnilia sxva sapatarZlos alis mosadebad (ipsa suas illi croceo subtegmine vestes
/ induit, ipsa suam duplicem Cytherea coronam / donat et arsuras alia cum virgine gemmas, 8.
234-236). Sdr. aseve mopsusis misnoba, sadac korinTosSi momxdar ambebzea
miSniSneba (1. 224-226).
rac Seexeba absirtusis sikvdils, aris Tu ara es medeas kidev erTi
nefas-i, amis Sesaxeb odnav qvemoT dawvrilebiT vilaparakebT.
158
rogoria flakusis medea? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaSi medeasTan
dakavSirebuli Sedarebebi dagvexmareba: roca medea kedlebTan midis, igi
TeTri SroSania, romelsac gazafxulis feri dakravs da xanmokle
droiT xarobs da am mcire xnis ganamvlobaSi gansakuTrebulad hyvavis
(6.492-495); venusis sartyelis Semokvris Semdeg, rodesac medea kvlav
sakuTar TalamosSi brundeba, ganasaxierebs bakq qalebs Ramiseuli rok-
visas. yvelaferze wamsvlel Tiadebs, romlebic RmerTTa gamosaxulebebs
itaceben, msgavsad kolx qalwulsac araferi aRelvebda, rodesac
Sinisken midioda berZenTa laSqris rigebSi da mSobliur razmebSi, igi
mxolod iasonze zrunavda, mxolod mas xedavda, mis aRWurvilobas, mis
saxes (6.755-60); medea venusis misvlamde Sedarebulia orestess, venusTan
Sexvedris Semdeg ki penTevss, bakxusis mier gaSmagebuls, masac sul
cota aklia, rom grZnobis morevma daimorCilos.
Tu apolonios rodoselis medeas gavixsenebT, mis mier
àrgonavtikis~ mesame wignSi warmodgenili saxe udavod did STa-
beWdilebas axdens mkiTxvelze, flakusi, SeiZleba iTqvas, medeas xasiaTis
Strixebs SedarebiT metad reliefurad xatavs, masTan es personaJi
rTuli da mravalwaxnagovania, yvelaze metad TvalSisacemia misi
ambivalenturi buneba: medea erTdroulad aris jadoqaric da Seyva-
rebuli qalic, intrigis msxverplic da borotmoqmedebaze wamsvlelic,
stanjavs sircxvilis grZnobac da cnobismoyvareobac. yovelive es
flakusTan ise ostaturad aris Sezavebuli, rom saqme gvaqvs udavod
saintereso figurasTan da, SeiZleba iTqvas, iseve rogorc sxva rig
SemTxvevebSi, Tavisi flakusis individualuri xedvis wyalobiT SeZlo
sakuTari, winamorbedTagan gansxvavebuli medea warmoedgina CvenTvis, ase
rom, vfiqrobT, Tamamad SeiZleba misi medeac apolonios rodoselis,
evripides, senekas mier Seqmnili figurebis gverdiT davayenoT.
 aieti 
apolonios rodoselTan aietis sxva epiTetTa Soris intensivobiT

gamoirCeva uJperhvnwr `zviadi~, ojloov~ `mrisxane~, uJperfialov~ `metismetad qed-
159
maRali~.247 aqcenti gakeTebulia ZiriTadad mis Zal-Ronesa da samefo
Zlevamosilebaze. aseTia aieti flakusTanac, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom
mas kolxTa mefe, upirveles yovlisa, ainteresebs rogorc tirani.
amaze isic metyvelebs, rom flakusi apoloniosisgan gansxvavebul
motivacias uZebnis peliasis davalebas. peliasi aiets adanaSaulebs
friqsusis mkvlelobaSi (1.43ff.), raTa Tavisi davalebis safuZvlianoba
gaamarTlos. anu mkiTxvels Tavidanve sakmaod uaryofiTi damokidebuleba
uCndeba aietis mimarT, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas realurad es danaSauli
ar Caudenia. es rom tyuilia, solis sityvidanac Cans (1.520-524). aietma
friqsusi ar uaryo, piriqiT, mmarTvelobac uwilada, qaliSvili miaTxova,
axla berZeni modgmis SviliSvilebi hyavs da surs qaliSvilTa saqmroebi
ucxo qveynidan, naTesaobrivi kavSiriT gaamTlianos.248 marTalia, aiets
realurad ar mouklavs friqsusi, igi mxcovan asakSi gardaicvala
kolxidaSi (5.224-225), Tumca isic ar unda dagvaviwydes, rodesac argo-
navtebis misvla mas saSinlad gaabrazebs, fiqrobs, umjobesi iyo saer-
Tod ar mieRo friqsusi da kargi iqneboda, imTaviTve daRupuliyo
zRvaSi, rogorc misi da hele. es yvelaferi mkiTxvelSi kvlav im ferus
aiets axsenebs da misgan kargs arafers moelis.
rogori mmarTvelia aieti?
medea mamis Sesaxeb uambobs iasons, rom aieti solis taZarSi
uxucesebis rCevebs ismens da xalxis Txovnebs Seismens rex feret, hic proceres
audit populosque precantes / adloquiis facilis: praesens pater admonet aequi (5. 45-6).
ramdenad Seesabameba medeas sityvebi realobas? ramdenad iTvaliswinebs
mefe Tavisi xalxis da Tundac warCinebuli mamebis an misnebis Txovnasa
da survilebs?
aiets argonavtebis kolxidaSi misvlamde sizmarSi gamoecxadeba
friqsusis aCrdili, romelmac mas gafrTxileba praecepta (5.263) misca:
maSin daingreva Seni xelisufleba, roca oqros sawmiss gaitaceben. amis
gamo medea, romelic hekates emsaxureba, unda daukavSirdes xelis
mTxovnels, romelsac moisurvebs, raTa asuli ar darCes mamiseul
247 flakusTan misi epiTetebia: ferus (1.43), Soligenae (5.223), Sole satus (5.263), perfida...corda
(5.289), infando ... tyranno (7.87); moixsenieba rogorc Skythici...nati (1.503), Aeaei...tyranni (5.547).
248 Sdr. 5.233-235.
160
samefoSi (5.234-240). meore mxriv, kolxi qurumis misnoba moiTxovs
ubedurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT damRupveli sawmisis gacemas,
avismomtani sawmisis hemoniaSi gagzavnas (5.261-262). aieti am ori
misnobidan irCevs friqsusis misnobas (5.263). aqedan aietma TavisTvis
sasargeblo daskvna gamoitana: imisaTvis, rom Zalaufleba SeinarCunos,
unda flobdes sawmiss. amitomac ugulebelyofs kolxi qurumis gafrTxi-
lebas (5.264). misi naxevarZma persesi cdilobs, aieti daarwmunos, qveynis
interesi daicvas da gasces oqros sawmisi. Zmebi ver Tanxmdebian. omi
gardauvalia.
aieti erTi SexedviT Wkviani mmarTvelia: omisTvis mokavSireebs
krebs im pirobiT, rom medeas miaTxovebs Aeetes contra thalamis et virgine pacta /
conciliat reges Scythicos primusque coacta (3. 495-6). TviTneburad iRebs gada-
wyvetilebas, medea albanel stiruss miaTxovos. ar erideba tyuils da
yvelaferze midis, argonavtebisagan rom miiRos daxmareba. miznis
misaRwevad igi axerxebs Tavisi azrebis damalvas da argonavtebis mimarT
mtruli damokidebulebis SeniRbvas; miuxedavad imisa, rom ar siamovnebs
iasonis winadadeba oqros sawmisis daTmobaze, risxvas gulSi icxrobs,
axerxebs damalos Tavisi ganwyobileba da miniebs megobrulad
Seepasuxeba: `visurvebdi, aseTi Znelbedobis Jams ar mosuliyaviT CemTan,
rodesac mteri axlos dabanakebula, Cemi Zma ganizraxavs Cems gana-
dgurebas da surs damamarcxos uricxvi jariT. aba, daicaviT jer Tqveni
naTesavebis sacxovrisebi, Tavi gamoiCine simamaciT, oqros sawmiss
gadavcem gamarjvebuls, da ara mxolod sawmiss~ (5.534-541).
miuxedavad winaswar miRebuli zomebisa, aietma realurad ver
gaTvala, Tu saidan iyo safrTxe mosalodneli. aiets Tavisi qali-
Svilebis imedi aqvs, darwmunebulia, rom medea drakons berZnebis
dasaRupad warmarTavs (550); aseve aieti imedovnebs, rom iasoni ver
gabedavs davalebis miRebas, mas hgonia, rom iasoni ukve gaemgzavra
sawmisis gareSe (539-543). igi orive SemTxvevaSi cdeba.
aieti verc erT SemTxvevaSi ver iRebs swor gadawyvetilebas,
tiranisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, mas xels uSlis iyos kargi
mmarTveli. flakusi zedmiwevniT detalurad aRwers aietis sulier
161
mdgomareobas afeqtis momentSi. eqstremalur situaciaSi misi reaqciebi
yvela im niSan-Tvisebas avlens, rac tiranisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.
misi reaqcia Ramiseul gamocxadebaze aris naCqarevi da daufi-
qrebeli: membra toris rapit ille tremens (5.244); aieti friqsusis misnobas iRebs
mxdali guliT aegro corde (5.264); rodesac aieti Seityobs, rom mis
winaaRmdeg laSqari ikribeba, gadmocemulia, Tu rogor wamoxta risxviT
gaSmagebuli da Tavs daatyda uxucesebs (furens ira solio proripit alto / ... patres,
5.268-269); misi solisadmi mimarTuli locva warmoaCens imas, rom
devnilad grZnobs Tavs da rom safrTxe emuqreba: haec tibi fatorum, genoitor,
tutela meorum, / omnituens tua nunc terris, tua lumina toto / sparge mari. seu nostra dolos
molitur opertos / sive externa manus, primus mihi nuntius esto (5.246-249); misi
egocentruli buneba Tavs iCens, roca aietma ugulebelyo kolxi misnis
gafrTxileba da sakuTari Zalauflebis SenarCuneba arCia xalxis
keTildReobas: nec vulgi cura tyranno / dum sua sit modo tuta salus (5.264-265). ìs, rom
aiets surs mefobis SenarCuneba, bunebrivia da adamianuri, magram gzebi,
romelTa meSveobiTac cdilobs amis ganxorcielebas, arahumanuria~, –
miiCnevs T. baieri.249 igi garSemo myofTa mimarT undoblobiT aris
ganmsWvaluli da fiqrobs, rom xalxis sawinaaRmdegod mmarTveloba
SesaZlebelia. SiSi aqvs rogorc Sinaur, ise sagareo mtrebis winaSe da
amis gamo itanjeba.250 misnobis miRebis Semdeg, marss evedreba, rom sawmisi
daicvas: tu quoque, sacrata rutilant cui vellera quercu, / excubias, Gradive, tene. praesentia
luco / arma tubaeque sonent, vox et tua noctibus extet (5.250-252) da sabrZolo yiJiniT
SiSi mohgvaros garSemomyofT. Tu senekas gavixsenebT, iaraRis JRaruni
tiranis erTaderTi Tavdacvis saSualebaa. aieti ar moqmedebs gaazre-
bulad, aramed spontanurad iRebs gadawyvetilebas. aq igulisxmeba
gadawyvetileba medeas stirusze gaTxovebis Sesaxeb, misnobis da
avismomaswavebeli niSnebis ugulebelyofa. igi mrisxanea da advilad
gamodis wyobidan. roca persesma misi gakritikeba scada, gacofebuli
daesxa Tavs da ziani miayena mas: ille fures ira solio se proripit alto / praecipitatque
patres ipsumque... ense petis (5.268-271). mas ipyrobs furor da ira. senekas mixedviT,
249 dawvrilebiT ix.: Th. Baier, Ursache und Funktion des Krieges gegen Perses in den Argonautica des
Valerius Flaccus: Ratis omnia vincet. Neue Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, München
1998, 321-326.
250
Sdr. Sen. De clementia (1, 11, 4-1. 12, 5).
162
ira yvelaze saSineli da amasTanave saSiSi afeqtia. furor, ira, impietas
RmerTebis mimarT, misnobis ugulebelyofa da tiranis maxasiaTebeli
niSnebi samarTliani mmarTvelis absoluturad sawinaaRmdego saxes qmnis.
aieti erTianad omze da Zaladobazea orientirebuli. swored
daudevrobiTa da daufiqreblobiT, imiT, rom uars ambobs sawmisis
gacemaze, Tavis Zmas samoqalaqo omis dawyebis sababs aZlevs. aieti ara
naklebad aris gaSmagebuli, rodesac iasonma piroba Seasrula, skviTebis
winaaRmdeg omSi daxmareba gauwia. imis magivrad, rom Seesrulebina
micemuli sityva, pirobas arRvevs, uzomo risxviT aris aRsavse, rodesac
argonavtebs kicxavs: (7.35-77) `sxva qveynidan xarT warmomavlobiT, gaqvT
sakuTari sanapiroebi da samefoebi, ra sisulelem mogiyvanaT am
sanapirosTan, gana me viyavi Tqveni megobrobis mizani? friqsus, Sen Cemi
ubedurebis pirvelo mizezo, ratom dasaviT ar daiRupe zRvaSi. bednieri
viqnebodi saerTod ar mcodnoda berZenTa saxelebi. pelias mefe? vin
aris igi? Tesalia? ra saberZneTi? romel modgmas vxedav? an sad aris
simplegadebi? ucxo movida skviTiis sanapirosTan! iasoni 50 devnilTan
erTad, o sircxvilo, mas surs aziaSi SemoiWras, erTma gemma una
damcinos, romelic cdilobs, nadavli cocxal mefes wahgvaros?! ra unda,
me TviTon unda mivarTva, Tavad unda gavukvalo Cemi tyeebi?!~ igi
argonavtebs yaCaRebs uwodebs da ambobs, rom ar dauTmobs sawmiss, vidre
sxva davalebas ar Seasrulebs iasoni. aq aieti tradiciiT cnobil
davalebas aZlevs iasons. saSinlad Seuracxyofilia, rodesac iasoni
elCad ugzavnis exions, raTa aietma moamzados cecxlismfrqveveli
xarebi (vocor en ultro, 546). ukve aRarc malavs, rom ubedureba surs
daatydes Tavs iasons da rom swadia, sawmisi misTvis sazareli iasonis
sisxliT gaiJRinTos.
flakusis SefasebiT, aieti imsaxurebs, rom motyuebuli da
mitovebuli iyos. aietma rom borotad gamoiyena argonavtebis samsaxuri,
amas cxadyofs flakusis SeniSvna: àietma boroteba Caidina, Tavdapir-
velad keTili guliT miiRo kavSiri, mere umuxTla da sakuTari miznebis
gansaxorcieleblad gamoiyena~ (6. 12-13). rodesac iuno da aTena
argonavtebis kolxidaSi misvlisas bWoben, vis dauWiron mxari, iunos
gadawyvetili aqvs aietis winaaRmdeg brZola, amas asabuTebs imiT, rom es
163
mefe aris orguli da miniebs ar miscems sawmiss (scio perfida regis / corda
quidem, nullos Mynyis exolvet honores, 5. 289-90). aietis kritikas Tavad flakusi
axdens: ante dolos, ante infidi, tamen exequar astus / Soligenae falli meriti meritique relinqui
(5.222-223). aiets axasiaTebs mzakvroba, orpiroba, cbiereba. mas uwodebs
yalb mzis Svils infidi ... Soligenae (5.222-223), romelmac daimsaxura Ralati
falli da mitoveba relinqui.
flakusi movlenebs uswrebs da aietis xvedrze gviyveba, marTalia,
igi skviTebisa da kolxebis omSi gamarjvebas moipovebs, Tumca rodi
aRmoCndeba es gamarjveba xangrZlivi, mas sakuTari samefodan gaaZeveben
(5.681-689).
1.2. epizodurad moqmedi personaJebi

 absirtusi 
zogierTi wyaros mixedviT afsirtosi mcirewlovania, rodesac iasoni

kolxidaSi Cadis (Ov. Met. VII 54);251 zogierTis mixedviT, a. m., apolonios
rodoselTan igi ukve ymawvilia da gancalkevebiT cxovrobs sakuTar
sasaxleSi (III 241, Sdr. Aaseve (Orph. Arg. 397). apolonios rodoselTan
afsirtosi marTavs mamis etls (III 1236, 1234f. IV 225, Sdr. Philostr. iun. 11) da
meTaurobs argonavtebis mdevar kolxTa erT jgufs (IV 306, 314, 322, 399,
422, 451).
flakusTan igi pirvelad dasaxelebulia kolxidis samefo ojaxis
aRwerisas. ufliswuli dgas aietis gverdiT, jer kidev ymawvili (primis ...
in annis, 5.457), winaparTa Rirseuli STamomavali (dignus avo, 5.458). igi
sardlobs kolxebs skviTebis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi. absirtusi
ramdenime sityviT aris warmodgenili brZolis dawyebis win (6.171-172),
omis mimdinareobisas misi aristiebi ar aris aRwerili. igi mamis saomar
saWurvelSi dgas Tavisi amalis saTaveSi, mis gverdiT arian stirusi,
albaneli ufliswuli da Zlevamosili sardlebi, aseve iasoni da
berZenTa laSqari TviT aTenas TanxlebiT.
251 Wernike,ÖApsyrtos, RE, II 1, 284.
164
absirtusi aqtiuria im epizodSi, sadac mdevar kolxebis
sardlobiT kunZul pevkes miadgeba.252 misi TaosnobiT daedevnebian
kolxebi argonavtebs da iTxoven oqros sawmisis ukan dabrunebas.
realurad swored aq xdeba berZnebisa da kolxebis pirveli seriozuli
dapirispireba, ramdenadac skviTebis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi kolxebi
miniebis mxardamxar ibrZodnen. absirtuss Tan axlavs stirusi. orive
maTgani Selaxuli Rirsebis aRdgenaze fiqrobs, Tumca, Tu stirusi mzad
aris daibrunos medea da ar surs, esonids dauTmos igi, sxvagvaria
absirtusis pozicia. absirtusi uzomo risxviT aris aRsavse, mas aranair
kompromisze wasvla ar surs; arc sawmisi unda, arc das waiyvans, romc
aCuqon, kavSiris dadebis aranairi imedi ar arsebobs. absirtusi ar
miiRebs das (nec te / accipio, germana, datam... 8.270-271), radgan igi Sercxvenilia
(o pudor, 269), misTvis sakmarisi ar aris mxolod 50 meniCbis da erTi
xomaldis CaZirva. igi brZolaSi iwvevs mTels saberZneTs, mas surs,
azRvevinos samagiero, cecxls misces mTeli saberZneTi (Graecia fallax /
persequor atque tuis hunc quasso moenibus ignem, 275-6). igi darwmunebulia sakuTar
ZalebSi, isini xom ricxviT gacilebiT aRematebian berZnebs, amitomac
ganzrax sul imas usvams xazs, rom berZnebs mxolod erTi xomaldi hyavT
(puppe (nefas) una, 267; unaque mersa / ... ratis, 274-5), maT ki mravali.
tragikulia absirtusis xvedri am omSi, igi uZluria qalRmerTis
winaSe, romelic iasons mfarvelobs. iunos mier gamowveuli grigalis
gamo, gamouval situaciaSi imyofeba; masze aseve gamanadgureblad
moqmedebs erTguli mokavSiris, stirusis daRupva. niSandoblivia, rom
flakusi aq absirtuss da medeas msgavsi epiTetebiT moixseniebs, erTgva-
ri paralelizmis meSveobiT igi cdilobs, kidev ufro mZafrad Sesa-
grZnobi gaxados am da-Zmis tragikuli xvedri. ase magaliTad, stirusis
sikvdilis Semdeg absirtusi saSinlad aris damwuxrebuli (...visu maeret
defixus acerbo, 8. 369), medeasTan dakavSirebiT, mis dards flakusi swored
am zmniT (maereo) gadmogvcems: solo maeret defecta cubili, 7. 116; maeret et absenti
nequiquam talia fatur, 7. 197). rodesac absirtusi sasowarkveTilia, ar icis, ra
iRonos, ambobs: heu quid agat? (8. 370). medeac, rodesac veRar poulobs
252 Sdr. apolonios rodoseli.
165
gamosavals, swored am sityvebs warmoTqvams: heu quid agat? videt externo se
prodere patrem /dura viro ...(7.309-310). absirtusi iZulebulia, qariSxlis gamo
uari Tqvas ieriSze da uazro SurisZiebaze (abscessit tandem vanaque recedit ab
ira, 374), Tumca bolomde imeds mainc ar kargavs, elodeba xelsayrel
moments, iqneb, kvlav mieces omis ganaxlebis saSualeba (impatiens pugnaque
datur non ulla potestas, 381). medeac, iZulebulia xvedrs daemorCilos, radgan
iunos surs, igi iasonis damxmare iyos (te ducente sequor, tua me, grandaeva,
fatigant / consilia et monitis cedo minor, 7, 348-9). vfiqrobT, arc is unda iyos
SemTxveviTi, rom orives flakusi infelix-s uwodebs. medeas Zmisadmi
damokidebulebas odnav qvemoT kvlav mivubrundebiT.
absirtusis mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebiT wyaroebSi sxvadasxva
versia gvxvdeba.253 yvelaze detalurad am moments apolonios rodoseli
gadmogvcems da sakmaod vrcel adgils uTmobs am faqtis aRweras.
sainteresoa, vin aris aq iniciatori. medea Tavis sityvaSi, sadac is
kicxavs iasons (IV 355-390), kategoriulad sTxovs mas, daicvas piroba,
romelic zevss-hikesiosis winaSe dado, muqarasac ar erideba. swored am
sagangebo situaciaSi iasoni, romelic ZiriTadad ajmhcaniva-Ti aris
Sepyrobili, erTpirovnulad iRebs gadawyvetilebas, romelic guli-
sxmobs kolxebis meTauris gauvnebelyofas (IV 398-407). rogorc Cans,
medeac Semzadebuli iyo aseTi winadadebisaTvis, radgan iasonis Tavzar-
damcem SemoTavazebas yovelgvari meryeobis gareSe iziarebs, igi xom
apolonios rodoselTan eqstremalur situaciaSi swrafi reagirebis
unariT gamoirCeva: `saWiroa, Seuferebel saqmeT esec davurToT, raki
imTaviTve Cavidine codva da RvTis boroti Segonebebi Sevasrule~ (411-
413); `Tu es saqme mogwons, arc me dagiSli, mokali igi da kolxebTan
brZolaSi Caebi~ (419-420).
apoloniosi saguldagulod aRwers TviT mkvlelobis aqts (455-480).
masTan am faqts mniSvnelovani motivacia aqvs: afsirtosis mkvleloba
253 jer kidev yrma afsirtoss klaven aietis sasaxleSi (Soph. Kolchid. frg. 319; Eur. Med.
167. 1334; Kall. frg. 411); medeas Tan mihyavs afsirtosi xomaldze, mas argonavtebi klaven,
anawevreben da faziss miandoben aietis Sesayovneblad (Pherec. frg. 73); afsirtuss k.
minervaze klavs iasoni (Hyg. fab. 23); medeas mzakvrobis Sedegad afsirtosi argonavtebis
xelSi moxvdeba, mas klaven, da fasisSi agdeben (Orph. Arg. 1022ff.); afsirtosi kvdeba
Sxamisgan (Leon Schol. Eur. Med. 167); dawvrilebiT ix. Wernike, Apsyrtos, RE, II 1, 285.
166
ganarisxebs zevss (IV 557, 587, 737) da, Sesabamisad, argonavtebs mravali
dabrkolebis gadalaxva mouwevT, vidre pagases navsadgurs miaRweven.
aseve motivirebulia kirkesTan stumroba: medea da iasoni unda wavidnen
kirkesTan, raTa ganiwmindon danaSaulisagan.
ramdenadac flakusis àrgonavtika~ Cvenamde nakluli saxiT aris
moRweuli, anu poema mTavrdeba medeas gasakicxi sityviT, rasac
SeiZleboda mohyoloda absirtusis mkvlelobis epizodi, Znelia imis
Tqma, hqonda Tu ara ganzraxuli flakuss saerTod absirtusis
mkvlelobis scenis gadmocema. amdenad, am sakiTxze mxolod varaudis
gamoTqma SegviZlia. absirtusis mosalodneli xvedris Sesaxeb flakusi
mxolod ramdenime miniSnebas gvaZlevs. rodesac igi aRwers aietis samefo
kars, iq absirtuss moixseniebs epiTetiT insons ùdanaSaulo~ dignus avo
quemque insontem meliora manerent (5.458) ùdanaSaulos ukeTesi xvedri unda
rgeboda~. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom flakusis SeniSvna, romelic CarTulia
iasonisa da medeas qorwinebis epizodSi `vin ifiqrebda, rom sakurT-
xevelze sastikad sisxli daiRvreboda an kultmsaxurTagan romeli
SeZlebda kidev amis gaxsenebas (quis modo tam saevos adytis fluxisse cruores / cogitet?
aut ipsi qui iam meminere ministri? 8. 241-2), aseve absirtusis xvedrze
migvaniSnebdes.
gvrCeba STabeWdileba, rom flakuss surs, aaridos medeas Zmis
mkvlelobis inicirebisa Tu ganxorcielebis saqme. medeas sizmarSi, sadac
SeniRbulad aris laparaki imaze, rom medea moklavs sakuTar Svilebs,
araferia miniSnebuli absirtusis mkvlelobaze. mxolod is aris aRniS-
nuli, rom medeas daedevneba Zma pontus et ingenti circum stupefacta profundo /fratre
tamen conante sequi (5.337-338). Cvens mier gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss aseve
amyarebs is damokidebuleba, romelsac medea Zmis mimarT avlens: rodesac
medea Tavis mokvlas gadawyvets, gaaxsendeba amqveyniuri siameni, Tavisi
Zma absirtusi, igi Tavis Tavs eubneba: `gana ar gainteresebs, rogor
davaJkacdeba Seni Zma~ (7. 340). rodesac saqme SeiZleba mivides Setakebamde
iasonsa da absirtuss Soris, medeas sikvdili urCevnia imas, rom dauSvas
an erTis an meoris sikvdili (8. 316-317). Tumca, Tu miTSi moqmedebis
ganviTarebis logikidan amovalT, savaraudod, iasonisa da absirtusis
Setakebas unda mohyoloda absirtusis sikvdili. aq ar SeiZleba ar
167
gavixsenoT solis taZarSi gamosaxuli suraTebi, mdinaris RmerTisa da
aias ambavi, romelic aSkarad iasonisa da medeas ambis alegoriaa; am
scenas mosdevs faeTonis ambavi, romelic SesaZloa simbolurad
absirtusis tragikul aRsasrulze migvaniSnebdes (5. 429-432).254
1.3. naklebad aqtiuri figurebi (kirke, qalkiope, friqsusis vaJebi:

argusi, frontisi, melasi, kitisorusi)
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, kirke uSualod moqmedebaSi ar figurirebs,

mis saxes iRebs venusi da ise gamoecxadeba medeas (7.210-283). mas Tan aqvs
Tavisi atributi jadosnuri kverTxi (magica...virga, 7. 212) da acvia
moqarguli samosi (pictis / vestibus, 7.211-212). medea aRtacebulia kirkes
naxviT. misi sityvidan vigebT, rom didi xania kirke iZulebiT wavida
drakonSebmuli etliT samSoblodan (fuga, 7. 219). ramdenadac, flakusis
àrgonavtikis~ bolo merve simRera Cvenamde nakluli saxiT aris
moRweuli, Znelia darwmunebiT imisi Tqma, hqonda Tu ara ganzraxuli
poets absirtusis mkvlelobis poemaSi CarTva, Sesabamisad, kirkes
epizodis nawarmoebSi integrirebac am garemoebaze iqneboda
damokidebuli.
rac Seexeba qalkiopes, mis funqcias iuno iTavsebs da qalkioped
gardasaxuli cdilobs medeas dayoliebas iasonis dasaxmareblad. medeas
disadmi damokidebuleba Cans iasonisadmi mimarTvaSi255, sadac axsenebs,
rom igi ver ixilavs esonidis ukanasknel bedisweras, radgan iZulebulia
mkacri dis (durae...sorori) gverdiT imyofebodes (7.201-202). albaT, amitomac
gadaifiqrebs iuno kvlav qalkiopes saxiT gamoecxados medeas da
venusTan midis dasaxmareblad, raTa man amjerad kirkes saxiT moaxdinos
qalwulze zemoqmedeba (7. 155).
qalkiopesa da friqsusis vaJebic mxolod aietis samefo karis
aRwerisas dasaxelebiT amowuraven TavianT funqcias. argonavtebTan
254 arc is unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom apolonios rodoseli aietis Zes faeTons
uwodebs kai; min Kovlcwn ui|e" ejpwnumivhn Faevqonta ƒ e[kleon `kolxTa Svilebi metsaxelad
faeTons eZaxdnen~ (Arg. III 245-6).
255 aq iasoni medeas warmosaxviTi Tanamosaubrea.
168
maTTan Sexvedra xdeba kolxidaSi da isini iasonisa da miniebis saqmeSi
araviTar monawileobas ar iReben.
TvalSisacemia erTi garemoeba, yvela zemoT dasaxelebuli
personaJi sakmaod aqtiurad figurirebs apolonios rodoselTan, fla-
kusTan maTi funqciebi, faqtobrivad, sxva moqmed personaJebzea
gadanawilebuli.
2. naklebad cnobili personaJebi (persesi, fasisi, kavkasusi, medeas

deda)
 persesi 
persesi heliosisa da perseisis vaJia, aietis, kirkes da pasifaes Zma

(Apollod. I 83. 147; Hyg. praef. 12, 12 Schm.).256 dionisios skitobraqioni
apolodorosisagan gansxvavebiT gadmogvcems, rom heliossa da perseiss
mxolod ori vaJiSvili aieti da persesi yavdaT. persesi daqorwinda
tavrosel qalwulze an adgilobriv nimfaze, romlisganac SeeZina hekate.
hekate colad gahyva aiets da eyolaT Svilebi: kirke da medea (Schol. Apoll.
Rhod.III 200. 476; Diod. IV 45, 1. 2; Etym. M. 515, 12).257
persesze arafers ambobs apolonios rodoseli, valerius flakusi
ki piriqiT, mas did yuradRebas uTmobs. poemaSi igi aietis naxevarZmaa.
dakavSirebulia kolxidaSi momxdar omTan. persesi erTaderTia, romelic
aprotestebs aietis gadawyvetilebas, ar gasces sawmisi, amitom
upirispirdeba mefes da saomar Zalebs krebs. omis dawyebamde persesi
elCobas ugzavnis argonavtebs, uari Tqvan aietis mxardamWer omSi
Cabmaze. elCobis misia miznad isaxavs, naTeli moefinos aietis veragobas.
persesi xazs usvams mis upiratesobas: man iTxova pirvel rigSi sawmisis
hemonielebisaTvis gadacema, swored es gaxda uTanxmoebis da aseTi
sazareli omis dawyebis mizezi, amitomac umjobesia, masTan Sekran
kavSiri an samSobloSi dabrundnen, radganac aietis dapireba ar aris
sarwmuno. persesis argumenti sakmaod damajerebelia: miniebma ar unda
iomon sxvisi neba-survilis gamo. amisaTvis xom ar gamouvliaT maT
amxela gza. aqve exeba persesi moralur sakiTxs: ramdenad aqvT maT
256 persesi (Apollod. I 147, Diod. IV 45), persevsi (Etym. M. 515, 12 da Dionys. Scyt.).
257 W. Peek, Perses, RE, XIX 1, 973-974.
169
ufleba ibrZolon im xalxis [skviTebis] winaaRmdeg, visac ar icnoben da
ar sZulT (6.16-26).
omSi warmateba Tavdapirvelad skviTebis mxareze iyo, Tumca mas
Semdeg, rac iunom daiwyo moqmedeba argonavtebis dasaxmareblad, mdgo-
mareoba Seicvala. miuxedavad imisa, rom qalRmerTebma persess aRuTqves
Semweoba, omis dawyebamde SeTanxmdnen, rom aietis mxares daiWerdnen.
garkveulwilad samarTliania persesis aRSfoTeba, romelsac is
RmerTebis mimarT gamoTqvams da isRa darCenia, daelodos im dRes,
rodesac iasons umuxTlebs aieti da ar Seusrulebs danapirebs (6.727-736).
sasowarkveTili persesi brZolaSi Caebmeba da ar ascdeboda kidec
gansacdeli, es rom palass ar SeemCnia. palasma icis, rom aietis taxti
garkveuli droiT unda daikavos persesma, Tu misi mizeziT persesi
daiRupeba, iupiterisgan ar acdeba gakicxva (6.741-744). iupiteris misno-
bidan Cans, rom, roca Tesalielebi samSobloSi gaemgzavrebian, aiets
persesi gandevnis (5.683-4).
persesma mogvianebiT Tavis Zma aiets rom waarTva Zalaufleba da
igi kolxidaSi kvlav dabrunebulma medeam mokla, amis Sesaxeb cnobas
jer kidev apolodorosTan vxvdebiT (Apollod. I 147). higinusTan ki
movlenebi Semdegnairad viTardeba (Hyg. fab. 27. 244): kolxidaSi dedis
saZebnelad Camodis medosi (medeasa da egevsis vaJi), ambobs, rom kreonis
mefis vaJi hipotesia. medeac, romelic mogvianebiT Camodis kolxidaSi,
malavs vinaobas, TiTqos artemisis qurumia. rodesac gaigebs, rom
hipotesia kolxidaSi Camosuli, gadawyvets, sazareli kreonis vaJis
mkvlelobas da daarwmunebs persess, rom ucxoeli udavod medosis saxiT
Camovidoda, raTa Suri eZia aietis gamo. amis gamo unda ezRo samagiero
ucxoels aq kidev raRac SeniSvnaa. medea, roca Seicnobs sakuTar vaJs da
mixvdeba, rom cdeboda, sTxovs persess, ufleba misces, daelaparakos
ymawvils. amasobaSi gadascems mas xmals. medosi moklavs persess da
memkvidreobad iRebs aietis samefos, romelsac amieridan Tavisi saxelis
mixedviT medias uwodebs. nawilobriv misdevs flakusi apolodorossa da
higinuss. iupiteris winaswarmetyvelebaSi gacxadebulia persesis xvedri.
miuxedavad imisa, rom argonavtebis kolxididan gamgzavrebis Semdeg
persesi igdebs xelSi samefo xelisuflebas, mogvianebiT samSobloSi
170
mxcovan asakSi dabrunebuli aieti xdeba qveynis mmarTveli, amaSi mas
qaliSvili da berZeni SviliSvili gauweven daxmarebas (5. 685-7).
ar SeiZleba yuradReba ar mivaqcioT erT garemoebas, razec
flakusi sxvaTa Soris migviTiTebs. persess surs, Tavi ise moaCvenos
argonavtebs, rom Zalian Sestkiva guli qveynis bedis gamo da swored
amitom upirispirdeba aiets, Tumca poemidan isic Cans, rom Zmebs erTma-
neTTan manamdec daZabuli urTierToba hqondaT. persesi jer kidev maSin
agrovebda saomar Zalebs Zmis winaaRmdeg, vidre aieti sabediswero gada-
wyvetilebas miiRebda. orive Zma eswrafvis samefo xelisuflebas. persesi
ki kicxavs qalRmerTebs, rom umtyunes da sabolood misi damarcxebiT
damTavrda omi, Tumca iupiteris misnobidan cxadad Cans, rom ZaladobiT
mopovebuli Zalaufleba xangrZlivi ver iqneba.
 kavkasusi 
flakusis mixedviT, kavkasusi kolxi mwyemsia. roca igi Cveulebisamebr
mamiseul faras mwyemsavda, md. fasisis napirebTan Caisaxa Tidrusi;
mSoblebi TavianT vaJs amis gamo `fasisis msaxurs~ uwodebdnen (6. 639-43);
kavkasusis saxeli ukavSirdeba mTas, romelsac am mwyemsis mixedviT
kavkasosi ewoda da am mTis eponimad moiazreboda, cnobas amis Sesaxeb
plutarqosTan vxvdebiT, saxelis etimologiaze ufro dawvrilebiT
momdevno TavSi vimsjelebT (Plut. fluv. 5, 3).258
 fasisi 
fasisi mdinaris RmerTia. misi satrfoa kavkasieli nimfa aia. siyva-
rulisgan gaxelebuli fasisi aias damorCilebas lamobs, darcxvenili
qalwuli iltvis mSobliur mTebSi gaSmagebuli RvTaebisgan, SeSinebuli
da Zal-Ronemixdili aia yris kaparWebs da mas sabolood fasisi
imorCilebs Tavisi mZlavri talRebiT (5.425-428). flakusis mixedviT,
fasisis da aias ambavi, sxva suraTebTan erTad, gamosaxuli iyo
kolxidaSi solis taZarSi (5. 407-454). savaraudod, berZnuli warmomavlo-
bis es miTi mxolod flakusTan figurirebs. saxeli fasisi ukavSirdeba
258 Patsch, Caucasus mons, RE, III.2 1801.
171
kolxidis cnobili mdinaris saxels. igi rogorc Cans, am mdinaris
eponimad gaiazreboda.259
 medeas deda 
ra viciT medeas dedis Sesaxeb? yvelaze Zveli wyaro hesiode medeas

dedas moixseniebs saxeliT ÆIduià (Hes. Teog. 958ff.),260 dionisios skitob-
raqioni ki hekates asaxelebs (Diod. IV 45). apolonios rodoselTan medeasa
da afsirtoss sxvadasxva deda hyavT: afsirtosi `Sva kavkasielma nimfam
asterodiam manam, sanam [aieti] kanonier colad daisvamda Tetisisa da
okeanis umcros asuls idias~ (III 242-244). aietis kanonieri coli kouridivhn
... a[koitin ki aris idiia, medeas deda. apoloniosi mas poemaSi orjer
asaxelebs da orive SemTxvevaSi Tan axlavs aiets ejk dÆ aujth; Eijdui'a davmar
kiven Aijhvtao (III 269). meti mis Sesaxeb araferi viciT.
flakusTan medeas deda saxeliT ar moixsenieba. marTalia, igi
poemaSi mxolod erTxel Cndeba, Tumca misi sityva uTuod STabeWdilebas
axdens mkiTxvelze. aRsaniSnavia, rom flakusi did yuradRebas uTmobs
ojaxuri urTierTobebis gadmocemas, gamonakliss arc medeas deda
warmoadgens. sulisSemZvrelia scena, sadac mitovebuli deda emSvidobeba
Svils da saSinlad ganicdis momxdar ambebs. igi dgas zRvasTan,
gawvdili aqvs xelebi da mosTqvams. flakusi aRwers, rom masTan erTad
tiris medeas da [qalkiope], mTeli kolxidis yvela sxva deda, qali da
gogona (8. 141-2). miuxedavad amisa, amaT fonze kidev ufro mkafiod aris
xazgasmuli medeas dedis simartove sityvebiT: extat sola (8. 143).
ramdenadac misi sityva (8. 144-170), romelic 26 striqonisagan
Sedgeba, kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiTac aris saintereso, dawvrilebiT
gadmovcemT mas.
Sesaval nawilSi deda sTxovs Svils, ukan dabrundes: amisTvis
CamoTvlis ramdenime mizezs. pirveli da yvelaze mTavari: kolxidaSi
imyofebian misi axloblebi: àq arian Senianebi~ (hic turba tuorum / omnis, 145-
146); misi mama `mama aRar brazobs Senze~ (iratus nondum pater, 146); àq aris
259 E. Diehl, Phasis, RE, XIX.2, 1886-1893; O. Lordkipahidze, Phasis. The River and the City in Colchis,
Geographica Historica 15, Stuttgart 2000.
260 msgavsad aseve: Apoll. Rhod. III 243; Lycophr. 1024; Apollod. I 9, 23, 5; Cic. nat. deor. III 48; Hyg.
fab. 25; ix.: Lesky, Medeia, RE, XV 1, 30.
172
mSobliuri mxare (tellus, 146) da samefo taxti~ (sceptraque, 147); deda
miuTiTebs Svils, imaze, rom sakuTar qveyanaSi igi aris mefis asuli,
ucxo mxareSi ki ra adgili unda daiWiros man inaqosel qalwulebs
Soris rogorc ucxom (barbara, 148), rogor endoba igi aqavelebs marto
ucxo qveyanaSi, hpirdebian iq TavSesafars, elodeba igi qorwils?
wamierad dedas sakiTar xvedrze fiqri ipyrobs da am momentSi
medeas deda adamianur sisustes iCens, rodesac sakuTar Tavsac dastiris:
`gana aseT siberes visurvebdi~ (150).
savsebiT logikuria, rom amis Semdeg ubedurebis gamomwvevi mizezi
– iasoni – axsendeba da ar erideba mis gakilvas: mzad aris gaanadguros
iasoni da ukan daibrunos Svili (150-153) àlbanel ufliswuls unda
moeyvana colad medea da ara mas, sacodavi misi mSoblebi, peliassac ar
dauvalebia misTvis aseTi qurdoba, kolxebisaTvis moetacebina asulebi~.
amis Semdeg naCvenebia, rom deda mzad aris, yvelaferi dauTmos
ucxoels, oRond Svili daibrunos: `gqondes sawmisi da waiRe yvelaferi,
rac Cvens taZrebSia~ (153-157).
kargad SevigrZnobT dedis umweobas, igi am momentSi kargad
iazrebs, rom marto iasoni ar aris ubedurebaTa mizezi, rom medeas nebis
gareSe ver ver imoqmedebda ucxoeli, amitom gons moegeba da kvlav
namdvil damnaSaves, medeas ubrundeba: `Tumca ras vadanaSauleb
daumsaxurebeli sayvedurebiT viRacas~ (159-161), misTvis xom aravis
dauZalebia gaqceva ìs TviTon iltvis~ (ipsa fugit, 159).
Semdgom misi zrunvis obieqti kvlav uSualod medeaa (162-170),
sagulisxmoa, rom aq medeas uwodebs infelix (160), rogorc odnav zemoT
absirtusi moixsenieba (infelix frater, 136). deda aRwers Svilis grZnobebs da
nanobs, rom Tavis droze ver miuxvda Svils, Tu rogor itanjeboda
(...redeunt nam singula menti, 160). rogor warmoidgenda, rom gaqcevaze
daTanxmdeboda medea (...talem paterere fugam, 167). deda Svilis saqciels
afasebs rogorc nefas (159, 168) da yvelaze saintereso rac aris, rac
medeas dedis mimarT simpaTiiT gangvawyobs: deda Svilis siyvarulis gamo
mzad aris borotmoqmedebaSi masTan Tanaziari iyos, mzad aris gaiRos
msxverpli Svilis bednierebis gamo (...commune fuisset / aut certe nunc omne nefas
iremus et ambae / in quascumque vias? 167-169).
173
medeas deda garkveulwilad alkimedes mogvagonebs. Cven esonisa da
alkimedes SvilTan damokidebulebaze ukve dawvrilebiT vimsjeleT, aq
mxolod ramdenime niSandobliv paralelze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas.
iasonis da argonavtebis gamgzavrebis Semdeg dedebis moTqma ismis,
mamebis gulebi SeZrulia increscunt matrum gemitus et fortia languent / corda patrum,
longis flentes amplexibus haerent (1. 315-316). maT fonze alkimedes xma yvelas
aWarbebs vox tamen Alcimedes planctus supereminet omnis (317). saSineli tkivili da
uzomo siyvarulia gadmocemuli iasonisadmi mimarTul sityvaSi (320-334),
alkimede aris furens (318) deda, romelic garkveulwilad egoistia da ver
egueba Svilis wasvlas. misi sicocxle maSin damTavrda, rodesac iasoni
gaemgzavra ...sat caeli patiens, cum prima per altum / vella dedit (765-6).
aqve gvaxsendeba peliasi, romelic miuxedavad Tavisi mrisxanebisa
da tiraniisa, saTuTi grZnobebiT aRsavse mamaa, romelic uzomod
ganicdis akastusis wasvlas, is xom iasonma daiyolia, gayoloda Soreul
laSqrobaSi, raTa sxva mSoblebis msgavsad, peliasic datanjuliyo.
uzomoa misi risxva saevit atrox Pelias (700). akastusis samyofelSi zRur-
blzea ganrTxmuli da misi vaJis nakvalevs kocnis quin etiam in thalamis
primoque in limine Acasti / fusus humo iuvenis gressus et inania signa / ore premit (709-711).
SemZvrelia sityvebi, sadac uzomo tkivilia gadmocemuli (713-721). am
momentSi mwifdeba misi gadawyvetileba, saSinlad gauswordes iasonis
mamas, riTac esonids samagieros miuzRavs ...'sunt hic etiam tua vulnera, praedo, /
sunt lacrimae carusque parens!'...(723-4).
rogorc zemoTqmulidan Cans, medeas dedis sityva uaRresad sain-
teresod warmogviCens am saxes da, meore mxriv, igi kompoziciuradac
kravs poemas da eTanxmeba Cvens Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmadac,
flakusis àrgonavtika~ rva wignisagan unda yofiliyo Semdgari. pirvel
wignSi gadmocemuli alkimedes iasonTan261 da peliasis akastusTan
ganSorebis scenebi garkveul struqturul msgavsebas gviCveneben merve
wignSi warmodgenil ambebTan; Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom medeas
dedis figura arcerT flakusamdel da arc flakusis Semdgomdroindel
wyaroSi ar figurirebs, flakusis mier Seqmnili saxe kidev ufro did
261 iasonis dedasTan dakavSirebiT ix.: P. Dräger, Iasons Mutter. Wandlung von einer griechischen
Heroine zu einer römischen Matrona, Hermes 123, 1995, 470-89.
174
mniSvnelobas iZens, riTac kidev erTxel SeiZleba xazi gaesvas mis
miswrafebas, tradiciul miTSi Seitanos siaxle ara mxolod ama Tu im
epizodis, aramed àxali~ personaJebis eqponirebis doneze.
3. miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis ucnobi personaJebi (nimfa aia,
medeas ZiZa henioxe, aietisa da persesis mokavSireebi, skviTebisa da kol-
xebis omSi monawile meomrebi).
aRsaniSnavia, rom flakusTan miTologiuri tradiciiT sakmaod

kargad cnobili personaJebis garda gvxvdeba axali personaJebi,
romlebic pirvelad mxolod masTan dasturdebian. Tu elementarul
statistikur dakvirvebas movaxdenT, erTi mxriv, apolonios rodoselis
àrgonavtikaze~ da, meore mxriv, valerius flakusis eposze, aRmoCndeba,
rom apolonios rodoselTan daaxloebiT kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli 23
personaJi gvxvdeba, valerius flakusTan ki 110-mde, romelTagan 79
figura aietisa da persesis omis epizodSia CarTuli.262 gansxvaveba
sakmaod TvalsaCinoa. Cndeba kiTxva: vin arian es personaJebi da riTi
aris ganpirobebuli maTi aseTi masStaburi gaCena valerius flakusTan.
Cven ukve dawvrilebiT vimsjeleT skviTebisa da kolxebis omis
funqciasa da arsze; Zmebs Soris momxdari omi, romelic naklebad iyo
damuSavebuli berZnul wyaroebSi, flakusma ostaturad daukavSira
kolxidaSi ganviTarebul ambebTan; am omis winare istoriisa da
msvlelobis gadmocemas, rogorc zemoT ukve vnaxeT, sakmaod didi
adgili eTmoba masTan. aSkarad TvalSi sacemia, rom flakusi poemis
dasawyisisTanave axdens omis Temis intensifikacias, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
pirveli striqonebidanve saTanadod amzadebs mkiTxvelSi Sesabamis
ganwyobas: dawyebuli argos suraTebis aRweriT, sadac lapiTebisa da
kentavrebis brZolaa asaxuli, lemnoseli qalebis mier mamakacebze
angariSsworebis detaluri aRweriT, kizikusis Ramis Serkinebisa da
saSineli xocva-Jletis ilustrirebiT, damTavrebuli kolxidis omis
peripetiebis gadmocemiT. bunebrivia, am àxali~ siuJetebisaTvis flakuss
dasWirdeboda, gamoegonebina axali personaJebi, romelTac e. w. fsevdo-
262 calke jgufad unda gamoiyos is personaJebi, romlebic uSualod omTan ar arian
dakavSirebulni: a. m., kolxi nimfa aia (5.424), medeas ZiZa henioxe (5.357), nimfebi – sinope
(5.109) da pevke (8.256) da a.S.
175
miTologiuri SegviZlia vuwodoT. maTi umravlesoba, rogorc ukve
aRiniSna, aietisa da persesis omSi aris CarTuli da am movlenasTan
dakavSirebiT eqsponirebuli.
flakusi mowinaaRmdege mxareTa eqsponirebas gansxvavebulad axdens;
igi, bunebrivia, omis yvela monawileze ar amaxvilebs yuradRebas, gansa-
kuTrebiT gamohyofs ramdenime sardals, rogorc aietis, aseve persesis
laSqridan; kolxebis laSqars absirtusi sardlobs; sul aietis
mxardamWerTa Soris saxeliT moxseniebulia 32 meomari263, romelTagan 2
albanelia, 5 amaZoni, 7 mokavSire, romelTa warmomavlobac ucnobia, 1
parTeli da 17 kolxi. amas emateba dasaxmareblad mzadmyofi argonavtTa
laSqari.
aietis mxardamWerTa Soris flakusi gansakuTrebiT gamoarCevs mis
7 mokavSires,264 romlebic jer kidev mexuTe wignSi, samefo karis
aRwerisas arian dasaxelebulni da aietis nadimze eqsponirebulni (5.567-
614), rac homerosis e. w. `teiqoskopias~ mogvagonebs.265 warmodgenilia 7
sardali motique ad proelia reges:266 karmeiusi, aroni, kampesusi, odrusa,
iaqsartesi, latagusi, xoaspesi.267 aRsaniSnavia, rom arc erTTan dakavSi-
rebiT flakusi ar azustebs maT warmomavlobas. mxolod garegnuli
niSnebiTa da pirovnuli TvisebebiT warmogvidgens TiToeul maTgans.
bunebrivia, isini saomrad arian Camosulni kolxidaSi, amitom
TvalSisacemia maTi saerTo saomari ganwyobileba: karmeiusi dRe-niadag
sagmiro saqmeebze fiqrobs da mudmiv saomar mzadyofnaSia, mouTmenlad
eswrafvis omis dawyebas (5.578-580; 582-584). iaqsartesi imdenad Tavdajere-
bulia Tavis ZlevamosilebaSi, rom TviT RmerTebisac ki ar eSinia. aieti
mas amarTlebs, radgan igi yovelTvis asrulebs micemul sityvas da ume-
263 am SemTxvevaSi gvainteresebs kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebi da ar

vgulisxmobT argonavtebsac, romlebic, bunebrivia, aseve aietis mxareze ibrZvian.
264 Sdr. J. Adamietz, 1976, 79-80; E. Lüthje, 1971, 231-232; J. E. Shelton, 1971, 320-322; E. Shreeves,
1979, 162f.
265 Sdr. Hom. Il. 3.161ff. gansxvaveba is aris, rom aieti da nadimze miwveuli iasoni
aTvaliereben TavianT da ara mowinaaRmdegis mokavSireebs.
266 flakusi aseTi TanamimdevrobiT warmogvidgens aietis mxares: Tavdapirvelad
dasaxelebulni arian argonavtebi [iasoni, eakusis vaJebi: pelevsi da telamoni da
kalidonis vaJebi: tidevsi da meleagrusi], Semdgom damxmare sardlebi da bolos
amaZonebi [maTi meTauri evriale].
267 sainteresoa teilor-brijsis dakvirveba, am sardlebis saxelebi TavianTi
Tanamimdevrobis mixedviT (karmeiusi, aroni, kampesusi, odrusa, iaqsartesi) qmnian
akrostiqs cacoi (kakoiv) (P.R. Taylor-Briggs, Valerius' Flavian Argonautica. CQ 44, 1994, 212-35).
176
tesad saomari saqmeebiT aris dakavebuli. misi SiSiT ZrZwian getebi,
medebi, mTeli iberia (5.596-604). aronTan dakavSirebiT flakusi xazs
usvams mis simdidres, Tavze zrunvis moments: aroni mdidaria da Wreli
suraTebiT moqarguli mosasxamiT ipyrobs mnaxvelTa yuradRebas. misi
meomrebi zafranis surnels afrqveven da mowesrigebuli varcxnilobiT
gamoirCevian (5.590-592), maT xuWuWa Tma aqvT. aroni amasTanave ubadlo
meomaria, absirtusis mxardamxar ibrZvis da mas ar Camouvardeba
simamaciT (6.524). kampesusi vefxvis tyaviT aris mosili (5.593), rac,
savaraudod, imaze miuTiTebs, rom is, albaT, ubadlo monadirea. odrusa
sxva mokavSireTa Soris Tmiani gul-mkerdiTa da xSiri wveriT gamoirCeva,
aseve iqcevs yuradRebas Rvinis siyvaruliT, rasac iasoni gancvifrebaSi
mohyavs (5.593-595). latagusi (5.584) da xoaspesi (5.584-586) aRfrTovanebis
Rirsni arian. xoaspesi moixsenieba epiTetiT `mdinaris Sobili~ amnigena,
rac, SesaZloa, mis RvTiur warmomavlobaze miuTiTebdes.268 roca aieti
iasons am mokavSires warudgens, igi Tavisi saomari cxenis sisxls
Seeqceva, Tumca cxeni amis gamo sulac ar uZlurdeba da kvlavac
mkvircxlad miaWenebs xolme Tavis mxedars; aqve ar SeiZleba ar
aRiniSnos, rom iasonis mSoblebi xaris sisxlis SesmiT iklaven Tavs,
xoaspess ki cxenis sisxli verafers aklebs, rac mis uCveulo
gamZleobaze metyvelebs.269
zemoT Tqmuli rom SevajamoT, miviRebT tipuri kavkasielis
ganzogadebul suraTs: meomari, monadire, mkacri pirobebis amtani, Rvinis
moyvaruli; garegnuli Strixebi: TmaxuWuWa (herodotosis miniSneba
egviptur warmomavlobaze) da WarbTmiani. vfiqrobT, rom flakusi swored
amitom ar miiCnevs saWirod, uSualod gansazRvros maTi warmomavloba,
aramed am personaJebis saxiT kavkasielTa ganzogadebul tips gvTavazobs.
eTnikuri warmomavlobis dazustebis gareSec mkiTxvels mSvenivrad
eqmneba warmodgena kolxebis mezoblebis Sesaxeb.
persesis laSqari ufro STambeWdavia, aq flakusi intensiurad
amaxvilebs yuradRebas maT mravalricxovnebaze: persesis mxareze
warmodgenilia 47 saxeldebuli meomari, romelTagan 1 kimerielia, 1
268 Sdr. fasisi (5.425-428), Tidrusi (6.639).

269 cnoba am Cveulebis Sesaxeb sxva antikur avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.
177
iazigi, 1 geti, 2 iberieli, 4 hirkanieli da 38 skviTi. amaTgan 18 eqsponi-
rebulia omis dasawyisSi persesis dasaxmareblad daZrul laSqarSi e. w.
`skviTebis katalogSi~ (6.42-170).
vidre flakusi skviTebsa da kolxebs Soris gamarTul omis
aRweraze gadavidodes, mas win umZRvarebs skviTebis katalogs270, sadac
igi calkeul sardals da xalxs CamoTvlis, romelTagan nawili
brZolis scenebSic aris eqsponirebuli, nawili ki oden katalogSi
moxsenieba.271 katalogis Seqmnisas valeriusi garkveulwilad homeross (Il.
2. 494-779 e. w. xomaldTa katalogi)272 da vergiliuss (Aen. 6. 37-40; Aen. 7.
643-817) mihyveba, Tumca misi katalogi udavod imaze miuTiTebs, rom
katalogis formirebis procesSi poeti axerxebs vergiliusiseuli da
homerosiseuli stilisa da mxatvruli xerxebis Serwymas. vergiliusi
italebis katalogis warmodgeniT miznad isaxavs, aqcenti Zveli
italiidan Tanamedroveobaze gadaitanos. valeriuss vergiliusisagan
gansxvavebuli midgoma aqvs. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi flaviusTa
saimperatoro kars akavSirebs miTosTan, romis imperias, romaelebis
eqspansias britaneTze, okeanis daZlevas da vespasianes militaristul
qmedebebs adarebs argonavtebis mier sazRvao gzis gaxsnas da maT saomar
qmedebebs,273 SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tipologiuri kavSiri miTossa da
Tanadroulobas Soris, rogorc es èneidaSia~ laciumis omis meSveobiT
warmodgenili, flakusTan ar dasturdeba.274 flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~
skviTebi warmoadgenen aziis wamyvan Zalas, romlebic aietis momxre
270 epikur katalogebTan dakavSirebiT lukanusamde ix.: J. Gaßner, Kataloge im römischen

Epos. Vergil - Ovid - Lucan, Diss. München, Augsburg 1972, 5-24, 159-162; lukanusis katalogTan
dakavSirebiT ix.: L. Eckhardt, Exkurse und Ekphraseis bei Lucan, Diss. Heidelberg 1936, 26-29; W.
Kühlmann, Katalog und Erzählung. Studien zu Konstanz und Wandel einer literarischen Form in der antiken Epik,
Diss. Freiburg/Br. 1973, 166f. 239f.
271 katalogis mizani ZiriTadad emsaxureba imas, rom warmoadginos calkeuli gmiri,
romelic Semdeg brZolaSi iqneba eqsponirebuli. skviTebis katalogSi dasaxelebuli
gmirebisagan da xalxebisagan brZolebSi kvlav gvxvdebian: anavsisi (6.42-47; 265-278),
kolaqsesi (48-59; 621-656), avxusi (60-64; 619f.), sienesi (74-78; 703-705), falkesi (88-94; 245;
553f.), ariasmenusi (103-105; 386-426), drangebi (106-113; 507f.), iberielebi (120f.; 507f.), iazigebi
anu gesanderi (122-128; 279-385), eqsomatebi (143-149; 569), sarmatebi (162; 231-264).
272 r. gordeziani, ìliada~ da egeosuri mosaxleobis istoriisa da eTnogenezis
sakiTxebi, Tbilisi 1970, 10-87: homerosidan moyolebuli epikuri tradiciis Tanaxmad
katalogSi moxsenebuli yvela gmiri ar aris SemdgomSi kvlav eqsponirebuli da
piriqiT.
273 P. Schenk, 1999, 183.
274 P. Schenk, 1999, 184.
178
argonavtebis winaaRmdeg ibrZvian da, amdenad, isini upirispirdebian
saberZneTs, anu aRmosavleTi upirispirdeba dasavleTs.
saWirod migvaCnia, gansakuTrebiT SevaCeroT yuradReba katalogis
struqturaze. katalogs aerTianebs ori Tema: oqros sawmisi da medea. aq
CamoTvlili arian mniSvnelovani gmirebi, romelTagan nawili omis
scenebSic aris eqsponirebuli, aseve mravali Crdilo-kavkasieli tomi da,
rig SemTxvevaSi, maTi adaT-wesebi; sayuradReboa is faqti, rom am wes-
CveulebaTa umetesobas, romlebic wyaroebSi am regionSi mcxovreb sxva
tomebTan dakavSirebiT dasturdeba, flakusi skviTebs usadagebs. rogorc
detaluri analizi cxadyofs, poeti katalogis formirebisas gverds
uvlis vergiliusis princips da ufro metad mogvagonebs lukanuss,
romelic cdilobs, garkveuli wesrigi Seitanos meomarTa Tvaluwvdenel
simravleSi (Luc. 1. 392-465, 3. 169-297), amas, rogorc Cven qvemoT vnaxavT,
axerxebs flakusic skviTebis katalogSi, sadac aSkarad SeiniSneba
struqturuli dayofis elementebi.
kompoziciuri analizi gviCvenebs, rom skviTebis katalogi sam
Tanabar monakveTad aris dayofili. striqonebis moculoba samsave
monakveTSi daaxloebiT Tanabaria.275 am TvalsazrisiT katalogis samsave
monakveTSi gansxvavebuli suraTi gvaqvs: katalogis pirvel nawilSi wina
planzea wamoweuli (6. 42-80) calkeuli gmiri Tu sardali. isini an marto
midian saomrad (6. 68f.) an romelime tomTan erTad276; meore nawilSi
eqsponirebulia sxvadasxva tomi, zog SemTxvevaSi maTi meTauris
TanxlebiT (6. 80-121). aq ufro metad gvxvdeba am tomebTan dakavSirebuli
eTnografiuli Tu geografiuli informacia;277 katalogis mesame nawili
275 pirveli monakveTi (6.42-80) 38 striqons Seadgens, meore (6. 80-121) – 42 striqons da
mesame (6. 121-162) – aseve 42 striqons.
276 es aris warmodgenili zmnebiT: miserat (6.42), ostentat (61), movet (70), expulit (79), aseve
ductor (48), quem circum (66), cum gente (74); zmnebis funqciisaTvis katalogSi Sdr. W. Kühlmann,
1973, 304.
277 6.80-87: warmodgenilia xuTi tomi; 6.88-94: falkesi – koralebi; 6.95-98: batarnebi –
tevtagonusi; 6.99-103: xalxebi, romlebic alaZonTan saxloben; 6.103-105: ariasmenusi,
romelic ganzrax aris Casmuli am segmentis centralur nawilSi; 6.106-113: drangebi da
kaspiadebi; 6.114-119: vanusi, hirkanielebi da indebi; 6.120f.: iberiis xalxebi otakesis da
latrisis meTaurobiT; Sesabamisad aris ganawilebuli zmnebic: expulit (6.79), agit (6.88),
duce (6.97), ferentem (6.104), ducit (6.114) da agunt (6.121) miemarTeba monakveTs, sadac xalxi
warmodgenilia sardliT. gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic damoukidebel moqmedebas gviCveneben,
miemarTeba xalxebs: traxere (6.81), linquitur (6.84), ruunt (6.86), ferit (6.99) da insequitur (6.106).
179
kvlav sxva suraTs gviCvenebs: flakusi koncentracias axdens xalxebis
warmodgenaze, romelTa CamoTvlas igi, upirveles yovlisa, eTnogra-
fiuli cnobebiT avrcobs (6. 121-162). Sesabamisad, katalogis dama-
srulebel nawilSi ZiriTadi aqcenti gadatanilia ama Tu im xalxis
daxasiaTebaze.278 monakveTebis gamosayofad flakusi iSveliebs specialur
zmnebs, kavSirebs da nawilakebs striqonis dasawyisSi.279
axla ufro detalurad: skviTebis katalogis dasawyiss flakusi
gansakuTrebiT gamohyofs.
anavsisi (6.42-47) pirveli sardalia, romelsac flakusi gamoTqmiT
iam pridem (6.43) drois TvalsazrisiTac wamyvan rols akisrebs;
Semdeg dasaxelebulia kolaqsesi, romelsac Tan axlavs bisaltebis
legioni (proxima); kolaqsesis SemTxvevaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia mis
RvTiur warmomavlobaze. igi iupiterisa da horas Svilia, romelic mwvane
mirakes da tibisusis axlos iSva (6.48-59). aq mniSvnelovania erTi
garemoeba: miuxedavad imisa, rom TviT iupiteria kolaqsesis mama, igi
mainc umweoa, aaridos Tavis Zes sikvdili (6.621ff.).
rigiT mesame (6.60-64) adgilze saxeldeba avxusi kimerielebTan
erTad (tertius). avxusis Sesaxeb is viciT, rom is qurumia.
darapsi da datisi, konteqstidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa mama-Svilad
gaviazroT.280 darapsi sparselebTan brZolebSi miRebuli WrilobebiT
itanjeba da amitom kolxidaSi saomrad agzavnis datiss (6. 65-66), Tumca,
mogvianebiT TviTonac iRebs monawileobas omSi. datiss Tan axlavs
geografiuli da eTnografiuli cnobebi warmodgenilia Semdgom striqonebSi: 6.81-83, 85,

90-94, 100f. 107-113. dawvrilebiT ix.: P. Schenk, 1999.
278 Sdr. eruis (6.131), doctus...spargere et adducere (132f.), iungit (143), secuti (143), ibant (160). pirveli
segmentisgan gansxvavebiT (42-80) reducirebulia viRacis moqmedebaSi moyvanis zmnebi.
zmnebi impulit (150) da sollicitat (156) ar Seesabameba monacemebs, ramdenadac kentorebs da
xoaTrebs amoZravebT velleris ardor (150) da koastesi medeas jadoqrobiT aris motivirebu-
li (156f.). poetis gamosvliT (135: silebo) warmoCenilia Tirsagetebis gansakuTrebuli
mdgomareoba, rac bakxusis CarTviT aris gaZlierebuli, Tumca mas aq ar aqvs uSualod
am omTan kavSiri, oden moixsenieba miTologiur eqskursSi, rac exmianeba iupiteris
apostrofs (1.565-567).
279 Sdr. Arg. 6. 42: miserat; 68: non defuit; 74: movit et; 84: linquitur; 106: insequitur; 114: ducit; 143:
iungit; 150: impulit; 160: ibant; 48: proxima; 60: tertius; 79: quin et; 88: hos super; 95: ast ubi; 99: nec procul; 103:
te; 129: hic et; 134: non ego.
280 motivi roca mama omSi agzavnis Svils Sdr. vergiliusi (Aen.2.87) da piriqiT,
roca misani mama cdilobs omSi daifaros Tavisi vaJi (Aen.10.417). es motivi flakusTanac
gvxvdeba: misani akvitesi cdilobs mZime xvedri aaridos Tavis vaJs kirnuss (Arg.6. 294-
316).
180
brZolis JiniT anTebuli gangaridebi da meomrebi, romlebic gerusTan
(md. skviTiaSi) da bikesis tbasTan saxloben.
amis Semdeg flakusi CamoTvlis sam sardals (anqsuri, sidoni,
radalusi); maT SemTxvevaSi igi ar gamokveTs individualur Strixebs.
erTaderTi informacia, rasac poeti gvawvdis, aris is, rom sidoni da
radalusi Zmebi arian. maT momaval xvedrzec arafers ambobs avtori.
am informaciuli simwiris fonze, flakuss Semohyavs erT-erTi
skviTi sardali, romelsac friqsuss arqmevs. flakusi gangeb irCevs am
saxels, raTa gamoafxizlos mkiTxveli da am saxelis aqtivaciiT
moagonos mas oqros sawmisi da mTavari motivi, risTvisac imarTeba omi.
aq mas Semoaqvs kidev erTi atributi: akesinel mebrZolebs, romelTac
friqsusi meTaurobs, maRal Wolokze aRmarTuli priala bewviani da
oqrosrqebiani furis281 gamosaxuleba miuZRvis win. fur-iremi naRvliania,
radgan ver axerxebs kvlav mrisxane dianas WalaSi dabrunebas. aq
alegoriulad miniSnebaa imaze, rom oqros sawmisi didxans ver darCeba
marsis WalaSi, flakusi kvlav im avbediT misnobas Segvaxsenebs omine
fatidicae ...cervae (6.70), romelsac mexuTe wignSi warmosTqvams friqsusis
aCrdili.
friqsusi mecxre sardalia katalogSi da amis Semdeg valeriusi
kidev 9 sardlis eqsponirebas axdens. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom katalogSi
moxseniebuli bolo anu 18-e sardali koastesi, iseve rogorc pirveli,
swored medeasTan aris dakavSirebuli. koastesi, romelic kolxidaSi
xoaTrebTan da kentorebTan erTad moiswrafvis. koastesi medeaTi aris
dainteresebuli (6. 155-7). aSkarad niSandoblivia am personaJis saxelis
semantikac, SesaZloa flakusi mas awarmoebdes berZnuli formativisgan
kw'a" `sawmisi~; Sesabamisad, kvlav am ori simbolos: medeas da sawmisis
xsenebiT flakusi kompoziciuradac kravs da amTlianebs katalogs.
rac Seexeba danarCen sardlebs, sienesi hileel mebrZolebTan
erTad aris warmodgenili. is ori ramiT iqcevs yuradRebas: persesi mas
TviTon aRazevebs saomrad, aCvenebs ra aietisgan miyenebul Wrilobebs. am
281 fur-iremi, rogorc dianas atributi, homerosidan moyolebuli farTod aris

dadasturebuli (Hom. Od. VI, 102), magram es tradicia da masTan dakavSirebuli miTic,
razec flakusi migvaniSnebs, savaraudod, misi gamogonili unda iyos; Sdr. (Plut. Sert. 11).
181
sardals piradi motivi ki ar amoZravebs brZolaSi Casabmelad, aramed
humanuri. aseve sagulisxmoa, rom igi sastikad uswordeba omSi parTel
elCs (6. 703), romelic medeas erT-erTi xelismTxovnelia (6.691-694).
hirkanielebis sardali kirisi (6. 80) yuradRebas iqcevs Tavisi
warmomavlobiT. epiTetiT Titanius flakusi xazs usvams mis RvTiur
warmomavlobas.
rac Seexeba falkess, igi katalogSi oden dasaxelebiT amowuravs
misias, Tumca mogvianebiT batalur scenebSi kvlav gvxvdeba. sagulisxmoa,
rom mas brZolis velze eolidi friqsusis vaJi, argusi Camoagdebs
cxenidan (6.554).
tevtagonusi meTaurobs batarnebs, romlebic SeiaraRebulni arian
daumuSavebeli saqonlis tyavis farebiTa da Tanabarzomieri maxvilebiT.
gamoTqmiT in se trahit Aea batarnas (6.96) flakusi kvlav gvaxsenebs Zmebs Soris
amtydar oms.
ariasmenusTan dakavSirebiT win aris wamoweuli ori faqtori: 1.
poeti uSualod mimarTavs mas (6.103) da 2. moxseniebulia misi sabrZolo
namglebiani etli (6.104f.). umamacesi meomari palasis Carevis Sedegad
sakuTari etlidan gadmovardnili kvdeba (6.423-426).
vanusi hirkanieli wminda misani da aedia. skviTiis sami Taoba
ismenda misgan ambebs minielTa da argos xomaldis Sesaxeb. misi rCevebiT
sargeblobdnen indoelebi, asbWiani Tebes da mTeli panqaias mkvidrni (6.
115-119). am personaJiT flakusi kvlav aaqtiurebs Tavisi poemis mTavar
motivs.
amis Semdeg flakuss Semohyavs ori sardali latrisi da otakesi,
romlebic arc katalogSi gamoirCevian da arc Semdgom brZolebSi arian
eqsponirebulni. mas gangeb gadaaqvs aqcenti im eTnikur erTeulebze,
romelTa xvedriTi wona sakmaod didia katalogis daskvniT nawilSi.
katalogis daskvniT nawilSi ki poeti CamoTvlis sxvadasxva toms:
iazigebs, mikeebs, Tirsagetebs, eqsomatebs, torinebs, satarxebs,
kentorebs, xoaTrebs, balonitebs, sarmatebs.
es rac Seexeboda aietisa da persesis momxreebs, amaT garda poemaSi

sxva mravali personaJic gvxvdeba, romelTagan umetesoba, flakusis Ta-
182
naxmad, TavianTi warmomavlobiT kavkasiasTan arian dakavSirebulni. aqe-
danve unda aRiniSnos, rom arcerTi maTgani ar aris mTavari personaJi,
romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs siuJetis ganviTarebaSi, rac kidev
ufro zrdis imis albaTobas, rom poetma isini gamoigona. Tumca gvxvdeba
ramdenime mniSvnelovani axali personaJic, romelTa meSveobiTac
flakusi Sida kavkasiur urTierTobebs warmoaCens.
Tavdapirvelad SevecadoT, davajgufoT yvela es e. w. fsevdo-
miTologiuri personaJi garkveul kategoriebad, ramdenadac maT mimarT
TviTon avtors diferencirebuli damokidebuleba gaaCnia. personaJTagan
nawils statistis funqcia aqvs, nawili Cveulebriv statistebs aRemateba
maTze mowodebuli informaciis moculobiT; gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa
is jgufi, romelSic avtori cdilobs, ukve esa Tu is moqmedi piri
meorexarisxovani personaJis donemde aamaRlos. amas igi aRwevs ramdenime
saSualebiT: 1. poemis moqmedebaSi personaJis mravalgzisi CarTviT; 2. gmi-
ris Sesaxeb mowodebuli informaciis intensifikaciiT (poeti ar ifarg-
leba mxolod personaJis warmomavlobisa da vinaobis warmodgeniT, ar-
amed mas siuJetis ganviTarebis logikis Sesabamisad damatebiT funqci-
asac akisrebs). amdenad, is mTavari kriteriumi, romliTac ganisazRvreba
ama Tu im personaJis mniSvnelovneba, aris misi konkretul situaciaSi
eqsponirebis xarisxi Tu intensivoba. qvemoT warmodgenili personaJebi am
kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian dajgufebulni.
3.1. statistebi
gasakviri ar aris, rom brZolis scenebSi warmodgenil gmirTa
umravlesoba mxolod erTxel aris moxseniebuli. zogierTi maTgani
SeiZleba metjerac iyos dasaxelebuli, Tumca es arsebiTad ar zrdis am
gmiris mniSvnelovnebas. maT Sesaxeb arsebuli informacia mxolod aseTi
tipis monacemebiT ifargleba: isini an klaven mowinaaRmdeges, an TviTon
xdebian msxverplni.
a). A klavs B-s

ambenusi – skviTi mebrZoli. igi kolx okrevss xis moriT dakvriT
mouRebs bolos brZolaSi (6.250-251).
183
kaspiusi – skviTi mebrZoli. igi brZolaSi TmaSi wvda aiel monesess
da mokla (6. 189-192).
kremedoni – albaneli mebrZoli. igi brZolis velze skviT karesuss
mouswrafebs sicocxles (6. 194).
b). A-s klavs B

amastrusi – skviTi mebrZoli. friqsusis vaJis, argusis mier
gangmiruli aResruleba brZolis velze (6. 554-556).
apresi – kolxi mebrZoli. qveiT SerkinebaSi klavs iupiteris Ze,
kolaqsesi (6. 638).
arinesi – kolxi mebrZoli. aResruleba iupiteris Zis, kolaqsesis
mier (6. 638).
barisasi – skviTi mebrZoli. klavs boreasis vaJi, minieli kalaisi
(6. 557).
dipsasi – kolxi mebrZoli. mas skviTi karesusi klavs (6. 192).
zakorusi – skviTi mebrZoli. mas da falkess brZolaSi friqsusis
vaJi argusi Camoagdebs cxenidan (6.554).
zetesi // Zetesi – kolxi mebrZoli. mas darapsi sicocxles
mouswrafebs (6.572).
idasmenusi – skviTi mebrZoli. brZolaSi friqsusis vaJi melasi
SubiT daWris kefaSi (6. 196-99).
ironi – skviTi mebrZoli. brZolaSi ferdSi piliuri SubiT daiWra
(6. 201-2).
keramnusi – skviTi mebrZoli. mas mkerdSi sasikvdilo dartymiT
gangmiravs iasoni (6. 550).
monesesi – kolxi mebrZoli. mas skviTi kaspiusi TmaSi wvda da
mokla (6. 189-192).
oebasusi – kolxi mebrZoli. igi cdilobs, saSiS mters, falkess
Tavi moaridos, Tumca skviTi meomari mas marcxena TvalTan miayenebs
Wrilobas (6. 244-7).
okrevsi – kolxi mebrZoli. mas skviTi ambenusi xis moriT mouRebs
bolos (6. 250-251).
olbusi – kolxi mebrZoli. klavs iupiteris Ze, kolaqsesi (6. 638).
184
prioni – geteli meomari. iasoni mouswrafebs sicocxles (6. 619).
rindakusi – skviTi mebrZoli. oebalidi poluqsis xeliT esalmeba
sicocxles.
strimoni – kolxi mebrZoli. skviTi karesusi jer kolx dipsass
gauswordeba, xolo Semdgom strimonsac klavs (6. 192-4).
suetesi – skviTi mebrZoli. yelSi sasikvdilo dartymas ayenebs
iasoni (6. 550).
hipetaoni – kolxi mebrZoli. iupiteris Ze kolaqsesi klavs (6. 637).
g). aq SegviZlia gavaerTianoT is statistebi, romlebic zemoT

dasaxelebul or qvejgufSi ver xvdebian da maTi xvedri garkveul
variacias gviCvenebs:
A cdilobs moklas B, magram SemTxveviT Tu RmerTebis nebiT kvdeba
C
leqsanori – skviTi mebrZoli. leqsanori cdilobs iasonis mokvlas,
rac medeas SeSfoTebas iwvevs, Tumca gangebis wyalobiT, mis mier
gatyorcnili isari kolx kaikuss gangmiravs (6. 686).
A klavs B-s, TviTon ki C-sgan kvdeba
karesusi – skviTi mebrZoli. klavs kolx meomrebs: dipsassa da
strimons, TviTon mas ki albaneli kremedoni mouRebs bolos (6. 192-4).
A kvdeba (ar aris dasaxelebuli, Tu vin klavs)
onxevsi – skviTi mebrZoli. onxevsi brZolaSi cxens ver
imorCilebs, romelic pirdapir mowinaaRmdegis Subis sapirispirod
mieqaneba. amaod cdilobs safrTxis Tavidan acilebas. cxeni mainc win
miiwevs, masTan erTad Tavzardacemuli mxedaric. is sabolood kargavs
iaraRs (6. 256).
sibotesi – kolxi mebrZoli. darwmunebulia Tavisi abjris
simtkiceSi, igeriebs skviTi ambenusis mier nasrol Subs, Tumca amaod, igi
sasikvdilod aris ganwiruli.
A gadarCeba
oxevsi da tiresi – skviTi mebrZolebi. flakusi skviT meomrebTan
dakavSirebiT mxolod imas aRniSnavs, rom maT arc ki uwyian, Tu vis unda
umadlodnen TavianT keTil xvedrs, radgan friqsusis vaJi melasi SubiT
185
gangmiravs idasmenuss (6. 196-99), oxevsi da tiresi ki, romlebic
maxloblad imyofebian, sikvdils gadaurCebian.
3.2. elementarulad eqsponirebuli personaJebi

udavod flakusis ostatobaze metyvelebs is faqti, rom igi
yovelTvis cdilobs, gmirebi raRac gamorCeuli StrixebiT an raime
tipis informaciiT dasamaxsovrebeli gaxados, poeti rig SemTxvevaSi
brZolis peripetiebis asaxvisas iseT ambavs rTavs batalur scenebSi, rom
mkiTxvelis yuradRebas erTianad afxizlebs. am kategoriaSi
gaerTianebul personaJTa eqsponireba ramdenime gansxvavebuli gziT
xdeba:
a) aqcentirebulia mxolod gmiris warmomavloba da statusi
anqsuri – skviTi sardali. persesis mokavSire (6.68). dasaxelebulia
sidonisa da radalusis gverdiT skviTebis katalogSi.
radalusi da sidoni – skviTi sardlebi. Zmebi moixseniebian
persesis momxreTa Soris skviTebis katalogSi (6.69) sardal anqsurTan
erTad.
tevtagonusi – skviTi sardali. persesis mokavSire. meTaurobs
batarnebis toms, romlebic SeiaraRebulni arian daumuSavebeli saqonlis
tyavis farebiT (6. 97).
darapsi da datisi – skviTi sardlebi. darapsi sparselebTan
brZolebSi miRebuli WrilobebiT itanjeba, amitom kolxidaSi saomrad
agzavnis datiss (6. 65-66). datiss Tan axlavs brZolis JiniT anTebuli
gangaridebi da meomrebi, romlebic gerusTan (md. skviTiaSi) da bikesis
tbasTan saxloben, Tumca mogvianebiT TviTon darapsic iRebs
monawileobas omSi. igi brZolis velze klavs Zetessa da lataguss (6.
572).
vanusi – hirkanieli wminda misani da aedi. hirkaniis mTebidan krebs
jars persesis dasaxmareblad (6.114-115). skviTiis sami Taoba ismenda
misgan ambebs minielTa da argos xomaldis Sesaxeb. misi rCevebiT
sargeblobdnen asbWiani Tebes da mTeli panqaias mkvidrni (6. 115-119).
kirisi – hirkanieli sardali, solis vaJi. persesis mokavSireTa
Soris aris dasaxelebuli da mis dasaxmareblad hirkaniis Seupovar
186
meomrebs mouZRvis saomrad (6. 80). brZolis epizodSi eqsponirebuli ar
aris.
latrisi da otakesi – skviTi sardlebi. moixseniebian skviTebis
katalogSi persesis mokavSireTa Soris, meTauroben iberiis rCeul
meomrebs aietis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi. arcerTi maTgani ar aris
brZolis epizodSi eqsponirebuli (6.120).
falkesi – skviTi sardali. dasaxelebulia persesis momxreTa
Soris. aietis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad igi xmauriT miuZRvis win
SeiaraRebul meomrebs. eqsponirebulia brZolis drosac. kolxi oebasusi
cdilobs, mas Tavi moaridos, Tumca skviTi meomari kolxs marcxena
TvalTan miayenebs sasikvdilo Wrilobas (6. 244-7). sabolood, falkess
friqsusis vaJi, argusi Camoagdebs cxenidan (6. 554).
b) warmomavlobis garda xazgasmulia gmiris piradi Rirseba, raime

nakli, garegnoba, Cacmuloba
aroni – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.
misi vinaoba da garegnoba jer kidev omis dawyebamde aRZravs interess
iasonSi. mdidari da Wreli suraTebiT moqarguli mosasxamiT ipyrobs
ucxoTa yuradRebas. aroni da misi meomrebi zafranis surnels afrqveven
da mowesrigebuli varcxnilobiT gamoirCevian (5. 590-591). amasTan erTad
ubadlo meomaria, absirtusis mxardamxar ibrZvis da mas ar Camouvardeba
simamaciT (6. 524), misi maxviliT aResruleba skviTi mebrZoli armisi (6.
530-541).
iaqsartesi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.
igi imdenad Tavdajerebulia Tavis ZlevamosilebaSi, rom TviT
RmerTebisac ki ar eSinia. aieti iaqsartess amarTlebs, radgan igi
yovelTvis asrulebs micemul sityvas da dRe da Rame omis saqmiT aris
dakavebuli. misi SiSiT ZrZwian getebi, medebi, iberebi. igi uSualod
brZolis amsaxvel epizodSi eqsponirebuli ar aris (5. 596-604).
kampesusi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.
mxolod mis garegnul mxares aRwers: igi vefxvis tyaviT aris mosili (5.
593). kampesuss persesis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mtris maxvili sasikvdilod
gangmiravs TeZosa da sazardulSi (6. 243-4).
187
karmeiusi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs,
misi vinaoba omis dawyebamde aRZravs interess iasonSi. dRe-niadag
sagmiro saqmeebze fiqrobs da mudmiv saomar mzadyofnaSia. mas Tan
axlavs meabjre da mouTmenlad eswrafvis omis dawyebas. uSualod
brZolis amsaxvel epizodSi eqsponirebuli ar aris (5. 578-8).
latagusi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.
mas da kolx Zetess skviTi darapsi klavs aietsa da persess Soris
gamarTul omSi. latagusi gaqcevas cdilobs, Tumca darapsis maxvili mas
sasikvdilod gangmiravs (6. 572-4).
odrusa – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.
sxva mokavSireTa Soris Tmiani gul-mkerdiTa da xSiri wveriT gamoirCeva,
aseve iqcevs yuradRebas Rvinis siyvaruliT, rasac iasoni gancvifrebaSi
mohyavs. uSualod brZolis amsaxvel epizodSi eqsponirebuli ar aris (5.
594-5).
xoaspesi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.
igi moixsenieba epiTetiT `mdinaris Sobili~ amnigenes (es epiTeti
pirvelad flakusTan gvxvdeba), rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom igi mdinaris
RmerTis Zea. roca aieti iasons am mokavSires warudgens, xoaspesi Tavisi
saomari cxenis sisxls Seeqceva, Tumca cxeni amis gamo sulac ar
uZlurdeba da kvlavac mkvircxlad miaWenebs xolme (cnoba im Cveulebis
Sesaxeb sxva antikur avtorebTanac dasturdeba) (5. 584-6).
evriale – aietis mokavSire amaZoni mebrZoli qali, sxva amaZonebTan
(like, Toe, harpe da menipe) erTad ibrZvis kolxebis mxareze. iasonTan
saubarSi aieti aRniSnavs, rom mas sakuTar qaliSvilebSi ar gamoarCevs
(5. 614), yvela aRtacebaSi mohyavs mis abjar-iaraRs, aieti saguldagulod
aRwers mis aRkazmulobas (5. 611-613). roca iazigebis sardali gesanderi
argonavt kanTuss gangmiravs, mis gvams miniebi, amaZonebis daxmarebiT,
qalwuli evriales etliT ganarideben brZolis vels (6. 370). swored igi
gaupobs Tavs gesanders Tavisi sabrZolo najaxiT (6. 373).
avxusi – kimerieli qurumi. persesis mokavSireTa Soris aris
dasaxelebuli. igi uricxv erTsulovan meomars sardlobs da Tavs
iwonebs kimeriis simdidriT. dabadebidanve TeTri Tma hqonda (qeraTmian
budinebis Sesaxeb ix. Her. IV 108), Tumca xandazmulobis gamo Tavi ukve
188
moSiSvleboda, samad ganaskvuli ormagi Tavsakravi (aq unda
igulisxmebodes qurumis wminda Tavsaburavi, simeloteze miniSnebac unda
davukavSiroT herodotosis cnobas melot argipeebis Sesaxeb (Her. IV 23),
romlebic Zalian hgavdnen hiperboreelebs) umSvenebda safeTqlebs (6. 60-
64). omSi mas bolos uRebs iasoni, mohkveTs Tavs da xelebs (6. 619-620).
hebrusi – skviTi meomari. iasoni mouswrafebs sicocxles. mis
garegnobaSi flakusi aRniSnavs moWarbebul Tmianobas terrificis undantem
crinibus (6. 618).
heliqsi – skviTi meomari. mas klavs argonavti nestori. flakusi
gansakuTrebiT usvams xazs heliqsis siymawviles. igi imdenad axalgazrda
gamoesalma sicocxles, rom mamas jerovnad verc moeswro misi aRzrda.
amdenad, ufro metad tragikulia axalgazrda skviTis aRsasruli (6. 569-
71).
otaqsesi da rambelusi – skviTi mebrZoli. maTTan dakavSirebiT
flakusi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom aietis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi
imdenad daundoblad ibrZvian, rom erTianad musrs avleben kolxebs.
otaqsesi moixsenieba epiTetiT acer `sastiki~ (6. 529).
armisi – skviTi mebrZoli. flakusi mas inglorius ùsaxelos~ uwodebs,
radgan es ukanaskneli yovelgvar ukadris xerxs mimarTavs mtris
SesaSineblad. aseTive usaxeloa misi aRsasrulic. mas daundoblad
gangmiravs kolxTa mokavSire aroni, romelic mouwodebs Rirseuli
Serkinebisken (6. 530-541).
monesusi – kolxi mebrZoli. iupiteris Zem, kolaqsesma ganizraxa
iasonis mokvla da esrola qvis lodi, Tumca qalRmerT iunos SewevniT
argonavtTa meTauri uvnebeli gadarCa, lodi ki kolx monesuss moxvda,
romelsac aravin icnobda (ignotus) qveyanaze da aravin daitirebda (infletus)
(6. 650-1). am epiTetebiT flakusi umniSvnelo adamianebze migvaniSnebs,
romlebic SesamCnevni xdebian TavianTi SeumCnevlobiT.
g) eqsponirebulia brZolis amsaxvel scenaSi raRac ambis

konteqstSi
akvitesi da kirnusi – akvitesi mdinaris RmerTis fasisis kolxi
qurumia. mxcovan akvitess safeTqlebi mwvane alvis xis foTlebiT aqvs
189
Semkuli, radganac mTeli omis ganmavlobaSi Relavs Tavisi Svilis,
kirnusis usafrTxoebis gamo da mtris rigebSi daeZebs mas (6. 296-300).
xanSiSesul qurums iazigebis winamZRoli gesanderi klavs ulmoblad,
Tanac dasZens, igi Svils rom hyvareboda, manamde gaistumrebda saiqios,
vidre aseT savalalo siberemde miaRwevda (6. 302-316). sikvdilis piras
misuli mama RmerTs kvlav Svilis mfarvelobas evedreba.
gelasi da medoresi – hirkanieli Zmebi, gelasi da medoresi
brZolis velze mxardamxar ibrZvian (6. 203), isini gamoirCevian saucxoo
cxenebiT, maTi mama mTels hirkaniaSi saukeTeso jiSis cxenebiT iyo
saxelganTqmuli. brZolis velze argonavti kastori erT-erTi Zmis,
gelasis cxenis xelSi Cagdebas moindomebs, mas SubiT gangmiravs da
mxedris gareSe darCenil cxens daepatroneba. gelasis Zma medoresi Suris
saZieblad kastors daesxmeba Tavs, Tumca mas minieli falerusi
gamoasalmebs sicocxles (6. 217-18).
taqsesi da hipanisi – skviTi mebrZoli. skviTi taqsesi cdilobs
cocxalmkvdari hipanisis daxmarebas, surs, TanamebrZoli brZolis vels
ganaridos, Tan lamobs, maxvili amoglijos Wrilobidan, raTa Tavi
daicvas momxvdurisgan. is iyo taqsesma Subi moimarjva, rom amasobaSi mas
moulodnelad lakoni daesxa Tavs (6. 252-7).
Tidrusi – kolxi mebrZoli. brZolis velze iupiteris Ze,
kolaqsesi gangmiravs maxviliT (6. 639). flakusis mixedviT, Tidrusi md.
fasisis napirebTan Caisaxa kavkasusis mier, romelic, Cveulebisamebr,
mamiseul faras mwyemsavda; swored aqedan momdinareobs misi metsaxeli
`fasisis msaxuri~; ase uxmobdnen mas mSoblebi. Tidruss flakusi
garegnuli niSniTac warmogvidgens: igi grZel Tmas atarebda, romlis
SeWris uflebas mas mSoblebi ar rTavdnen.
tagesi – skviTi mebrZoli. flakusi informacias gvawvdis misi
warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. mamas tavlasi hqvia, deda ki naxevradqalRmerTi
(semidea) tyis nimfaa. flakusi saguldagulod aRwers tagesis
Cacmulobas: TovliviT qaTqaTa tilo, oqromkediT naqargi qlamisi,
oqrosferi Taiguli qudze, Wreli ZafebiT moqarguli Sarvali.
RamRamobiT dedis debi tyeSi fxizlobdnen da zrunavdnen mis
190
Cacmulobaze, Tumca amaod, radgan tagesi brZolisas mtris maxviliT
sazardulSi gangmiruli aResruleba (6. 221-7).
pevkoni – skviTi mebrZoli. mas dediseuli lerwmiT Sekruli muqi
xveuli Tma amSvenebs. rogorc Cans, misi deda wylis nimfaa, romelic
tiriliT SesZravs midamos da Tavis vaJs uxmobs, Tumca, saubedurod,
ymawvili verasodes SeZlebs, inavardos zRvis napirze da inadiros
irmebze, radgan omSi iRupeba (6. 563-9).
rifevsi – skviTi mebrZoli. daqiravebul jariskacad msaxurobs
mezobel qveynebSi. mas brZolis velze boreasis vaJi, minieli kalaisi
klavs (6. 558). rifevsi saucxoo as saqonelsa da as cxens miscemda
sicocxlis sanacvlod, Tumca veranairi ganZis wyalobiT ver aicilebs
adamiani gardauval sikvdils.
sienesi – skviTi mebrZoli. moixsenieba persesis mokavSireTa Soris.
hileebis (Hylaea) mravalricxovan toms mouZRvis aietis winaaRmdeg
saomrad (6. 74). sienesis yuradRebas iqcevs parTeli elCi mirakesi Tavisi
mdidruli CacmulobiTa da aRWurvilobiT. mrisxane skviTi vefxvis
tyaviT mosil ymawvils SubiT gangmiravs (6. 703).
friqsusi – skviTi mebrZoli. persesis momxreTa Soris aris
dasaxelebuli da fur-iremis avismomaswavebeli gafrTxilebis miuxedavad
aietis sawinaaRmdegod meTaurobs akesinel mebrZolebs. mis laSqars
maRal Wolokze aRmarTuli priala bewviani da oqrosrqebiani furis
gamosaxuleba miuZRvis, romelsac kvlav mrisxane dianas WalaSi
dabruneba surs. friqsusi mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac misi
meSveobiT flakusi skviTebis katalogSi argonavtebis miznis, oqros
sawmisis aqcentirebas axdens (6. 70).
kaikusi – kolxi mebrZoli. skviTi leqsanori, romelic iasonis
mokvlas eswrafoda, SemTxveviT mas gangmiravs. flakusi moixseniebs
agreTve kaikusis cols, romelsac uTanagrZnobs qmris dakargvis gamo,
radganac isini axali daqorwinebulebi iyvnen da ver moeswroT
siyvaruliT tkboba (6. 688-9).
Toe, like, menipe, harpe – amaZoni mebrZoli qalebi, isini dedofal
evriales meTaurobiT ibrZvian kolxebis mxareze. argonavtebs exmarebian,
TavianTi etliT brZolis vels da mtris maxvilebs gaaridon minieli
191
kanTusis gvami; ulmobeli iazigebis sardali, gesanderi Toes fariT
daucvel adgilas (6. 375), likes ki mkerdis areSi (6. 374) gangmiravs; mas
Semdeg, rac Toesa da likes gauswordeba, Tavs daesxmeba harpes (6. 375).
ganizraxavs, ieriSi miitanos menipeze (6. 377), Tumca ar dascaldeba;
gesanders amaZonTa dedofali, evriale saomari najaxiT gaupobs Tavs.
d) personaJebi, romlebic dakavSirebulni arian omSi monawile

mebrZolebTan
calke jgufs qmnian personaJebi, romlebic uSualod ar
monawileoben omSi, Tumca dakavSirebulni arian omSi monawile
meomrebTan. flakusi zogierT maTgans saxeliT moixseniebs, nawils ki –
saxels ar arqmevs: gesanderis mama iazigi voraptusi (6.288); skviTi
tagesis mama tavlasi (6.221), tagesis deda _ naxevradqalRmerTi (6.223),
romlis saxelic ucnobia; kolaqsesis deda, skviTi qalRmerTi hora (6.58);
hirkanieli Zmebis medoresisa da gelasis mama (6.204); skviTi heliqsis mama
(6.569); kolxi Tidrusis deda (6.643); skviTi pevkonis deda – wylis nimfa
(6.564); kolxi kaikusis axalgazrda meuRle (6.688); aietis mokavSiris
karmeiusis meabjre (5.579); parTeli elCis mirakesis meabjre (6.694). am
personaJTa Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva ramdenime maTgani: voraptusi,
tavlasi, hora.
voraptusi – iazigi meomris, gesanderis mama. gesanderi, vidre
kolx mxcovan qurums akvitess gauswordeba, SemarTebisaTvis da
suliskveTebis gasaZliereblad mimarTavs Tavis gardacvlili mamis
aCrdils. Svili mamas pativs scems, radgan igi droulad aResrula da
ver miaRwia sazarel siberes. flakusi iazigi mama-Svilis magaliTze
warmogvidgens iazigebis adaTs: roca adamiani berdeba, Zala aRar Seswevs
da iaraRs veRar imorCilebs, mas Tavisi memkvidre mouswrafebs sico-
cxles, es adaT-wesi Taobidan Taobas gadaecema, xolo ardamorCilebis
SemTxvevaSi urCi saTanadod isjeba (6. 122-128, Sdr. 288-291).
tavlasi – skviTi mebrZolis, tagesis mama (6.221). misi meuRlea
naxevradqalRmerTi (semidea) tyis nimfa, maTi vaJia tagesi, romelic
kolxebsa da skviTebs Soris gamarTul omSi ibrZvis. tyis nimfebi, RamRa-
mobiT fxizlobdnen da zrunavdnen maTi diswulis, tagesis Cacmulobaze;
192
Tumca amaod, radgan tagess brZolis velze mtris maxvili sazardulSi
gangmiravs.
hora – bisaltebis winamZRolis kolaqsesis deda, skviTiis gvelis-
fexeba qalRmerTi, romelic naxevrad qali iyo, naxevrad eqidna.
kolaqsesi RvTiuri warmomavlobisaa, radgan igi iupiterisa da horas
vaJia, romelic iSva skviTiis sanapiroze, mwvane mirakes da md. tibisusis
maxloblad. flakusi Segnebulad amaxvilebs yuradRebas am personaJis
warmomavlobaze, ramdenadac misi meSveobiT skviTebis RvTiur sawyisze
migvaniSnebs. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, heraklem daudo dasabami skviTTa
modgmas miTiur qalRmerTTan SeuRlebiT, Tumca flakusi Tqmulebas
saxes ucvlis da herakles iupiteriT anacvlebs (savaraudod, igi
eyrdnoba berZn. wyaroebs (Her. IV, 5, 9; Diod, II, 43, 3), sadac gadmocemulia,
rom pirveli skviTi targitaosi zevsisa da md. borisTenesis asulisgan
iSva). rogorc kolaqsesis, aseve mTeli misi falanqsis farebze
gamosaxulia samad gayofili cecxlis ali, amasTan erTad oqros dra-
konebi, horas niSan-simbolo (skviTebisaTvis saomar niSnebze da emble-
mebze drakonebis gamosaxva dadasturebuli faqtia antikur wyaroebSi,
Arr. Tact. XXXV, 3).
e) personaJebi, romlebic omTan ar arian dakavSirebulni

aia – kavkasieli nimfa, mdinare fasisis RmerTis satrfo.
moixsenieba mxolod flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~. aiasa da fasisis ambavi,
sxva suraTebTan erTad, gamosaxuli iyo kolxidaSi solis (heliosis)
taZarSi (5.407-454). siyvarulisgan gaxelebuli fasisi aias damorCilebas
lamobs, darcxvenili qalwuli iltvis mSobliur mTebSi gaSmagebuli
fasisisgan, SeSinebuli da Zal-Ronemixdili nimfa yris kaparWebs da mas
sabolood RmerTi imorCilebs Tavisi mZlavri talRebiT (5.425-428).
henioxe – medeas ZiZa (5. 357). es personaJi sxva avtorebTanac
gvxvdeba, Tumca am saxeliT mxolod flakusTan moixsenieba. medea
henioxes avalebs kolxidaSi Camosuli ucxoelebis vinaobis Setyobas.
moxuci ZiZa, romelic bavSvobidanve zrdida medeas, amSvidebs mas, radgan
kolxidaSi Camosuli ucxoelebi berZnebs gvanan da xelSi mSvidobis
niSnad zeTisxili uWiravT, amdenad maTi ar unda eSinodes.
193
kelenevsi – flakusis mier gamogonili es personaJi àrgonav-
tikaSi~ erT-erT mniSvnelovan adgilas aris eqsponirebuli. rodesac Cven
kizikusis epizods ganvixilavdiT, aRvniSneT, rom flakusTan mas udavod
gansakuTrebuli datvirTva aqvs.282 kelenevsic swored am epizodTan aris
dakavSirebuli. apolonios rodoselTan miniebi sam dRes glovoben kizi-
kusis daRupvas dolionebTan erTad (1. 1057-58). isini imitom ver
miemgzavrebian kunZulidan, rom 12 dRis ganmavlobaSi qariSxali ar
cxreboda; mas Semdeg, rac mopsusis misnobiT esonidma rea-kibeles
Seswira msxverpli da grigali Cawynarda, argonavtebs kunZulidan
gamgzavrebis saSualeba miecaT; iasonma da argonavtebma sixaruliT
datoves kunZuli. flakusTan kizikusis sikvdilis Semdeg argonavtebi
Rrma sasowarkveTas miecemian. miuxedavad, imisa, rom argonavtebs orjer
hqondaT xelsayreli pirobebi gamgzavrebisaTvis, isini erTgvar ajmhcaniva-
s moucavs da gamgzavrebis gadawyvetilebas ver iReben; maT sakmarisad ar
miaCniaT is pativi, rac miages dakrZalvisas kizikuss, gauqraT brZolis
Jini, samSoblos siyvaruli; TviT iasonic ki ar malavs grZnobebs da
tiris (3. 362-371). saqme iqamde midis, rom sasowarkveTili iasoni misan
mopsuss ekiTxeba rCevas, Tu riTi unda iyos ganpirobebuli maTi sulieri
mdgomareoba, RmerTebis survilia is, rom maT dabrkoleba SexvdaT, Tu
ram gamoiwvia maTi mxridan SiSi, ratom aRar fiqroben samSobloze,
ratom ar surT gamgzavreba. mopsosi amave epizodSi apolonios rodo-
selTanac figurirebs, swored is amoicnobs zRvispira frTosanis
misnobas, romelic iasons TavTan Cauqrolebs da rCevas aZlevs, msverpli
Seswiros rea-kibeles. apoloniosTan mopsosi mxolod amiT ifargleba.
romael epikosTan ubralo mrCevelis garda, mas damatebiTi funqciac
aqvs, SeiZleba ase iTqvas, igi axdens argonavtebis `gamofxizlebas~ da
ganwmendis ritualsac atarebs. saamisod mas damajerebeli argumentacia
sWirdeba.
mopsusis sityva sxva aspeqtiTac aris saintereso,283 aq detalurad
mxolod am konkretul aspeqts ganvixilavT. mopsusis sityvis CvenTvis
282 G. Manuwald, Die Cyzicus-Episode und ihre Funktion in den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus,
Hypomnemata 127, Göttingen 1999.
283 es sityva Seicavs stoikuri filosofiis elementebs sulebis warmomavlobis
Sesaxeb. Sdr. aseve anqizesis sityva vergiliusTan (Verg. Aen. 724-751).
194
sayuradRebo monakveTSi (3. 384-396) erTmaneTisagan gamijnulia damnaSave-
ebis tipebi, isini, vinc ganzrax Cadian danaSauls da isini, vinc
uneburad xdebian damnaSaveebi. mopsusis Tanaxmad, Tu adamianma ganzrax
Caidina danaSauli, usaxelod gardacvlilebi warsdgebian sulTa meufis
winaSe da maT ufleba eZlevaT, kvlav saaqaos daubrundnen, erT-erTi
furiis TanxlebiT, romlebic Surs iZieben damnaSaveze, saSinel SiSs
mohgvrian mas. is, vinc uneburad Cadis danaSauls an iZulebiT (rac
praqtikulad aseve danaSaulia), mas qejnis sindisi namoqmedaris gamo.
flakusi dawvrilebiT gadmogvcems aseTi adamianis mdgomareobas: „resides
et iam nil amplius ausi / in lacrimas humilesque metus aegramque fatiscunt / segnitiem“284 (3.
394-396).
argonavtebis SemTxveva meore tipis danaSauls warmoadgens.
Sesabamisad, mopsusi Seqmnili rTuli situaciidan aseT gamosavals (sed
nostra requiret / cura viam, 396-7) sTavazobs iasons: mas smenia, iq, sadac
kimerielebi cxovroben, qveynis dasalierSi, RmerTebisTvisac ucxo
mxareSi, sadac mze verasodes aRwevs, avernusis mTian tyeSi, sadac
foTolic ki ar irxeva, ukacriel da bnel adgilas, qvemoT mdebareobs
mRvime da gza aCrdilTaTvis, aq gamodis SavebSi mosili misani (atraque
sedens in veste, 406) kelenevsi, romelsac xelT xmali upyria (ensifer, 406) da
udanaSauloebs aTavisuflebs Cadenili Secodebebisgan, Selocvebs
ambobs da miutevebs maT, ris Sedegadac darcxvenil sulebs simSvide
moicavs. mopsusi argonavtebs uyveba, rom swored misgan Seityo, Tu
rogor unda imoqmedon miniebma, saSineli varamisagan rom ganikurnon:
RmerTebs msxverpli unda Seswiron da ganwmendis rituali Caataron.
mxolod mopsusis mier Catarebuli ganwmendis ritualis Semdeg grZnoben
argonavtebi Svebas da ikreben Zalas gasamgzavreblad.
kelenevsis figuras da poemaSi warmodgenil masTan dakavSirebul
motivacias paraleli ar moeZebneba sxva avtorebTan, amdenad,
dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi marTlac flakusis poeturi
fantaziis nayofia.
284
`damaSvralni, veRarafris gambedavni, icremlebian, mdabio SiSi da sneuli
umoqmedoba TrgunavT~.
195
3.3. meorexarisxovani personaJebi
aqedanve unda aRvniSnoT, rom sakmaod pirobiTia am jgufSi
gaerTianebuli figurebis meorexarisxovan personaJebad miCneva, Tumca,
isic unda iTqvas, rom isini aSkarad aRematebian ubralo statistebs da
im figurebsac, romlebic elementarulad arian eqsponirebulni, amdenad,
Tavisuflad SegviZlia isini meorexarisxovan gmirebad CavTvaloT.
bunebrivia, maTi ricxvi statistebTan SedarebiT mcirea. aq maT
klasifikacias vaxdenT moqmedebaSi CarTulobis intensivobiT:
a) intensiurad moqmedi mniSvnelovani personaJebi: gesanderi,
stirusi, kolaqsesi
gesanderi – iazigebis winamZRoli. gesanderi intensiurad aris

eqsponirebuli flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~ aietisa da persesis
konfliqtis amsaxvel epizodSi. misi meSveobiT flakusi iazigebis adaT-
wesebs warmogvidgens, razec Cven araerTxel visaubreT (6. 122-128).
gesanderi daundobelia fasisis qurumis, xanSiSesuli akvitesis mimarT,
romelsac ar Seiwynarebs arc xandazmulobis gamo da arc mis xvewna-
mudaras, rom Seindos misi vaJi, aqcevs yuradRebas (6. 294-316). argonavt
kanTusTan Serkinebis epizodSi gesanderi skviTebis cxovrebis mkacr
pirobebs aRuwers berZen meomars da dasZens, rom yvelafris miuxedavad,
mSobliur mxares ar gacvlis arc erT sxva qveyanaze. gangmiravs kanTuss,
romlis gvamsac miniebi, amaZonebis daxmarebiT ganarideben brZolis vels.
Tavs esxmis amaZonebs: moklavs likes, Toes, ieriSs miitans harpeze.
aRSfoTebulia, radgan mas qalebTan uwevs brZola, amdenad, ufro metad
tragikulia misi aRsasruli. mas amaZoni evriale gamoasalmebs
sicocxles (6. 373).
stirusi – albaneli ufliswuli, aietis mokavSire. medeas erT-erTi
xelismTxovneli. medeas xelis mosapoveblad ramdenime gmiri ibrZvis:
henioxebisa da alanebis sardali anavsisi, skviTi koastesi, parTeli
elCi mirakesi da albaneli stirusi. aietma winaswarmetyvelebis Tanaxmad
icis, rom mis mefobas safrTxe moelis ucxoelisgan, amitomac axlos ar
ikarebs maT, da gadawyvets, medea araucxoels miaTxovos. igi arCevans
196
albanel ufliswulze aCerebs da argonavtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis
momentisaTvis stirusi, rogorc medeas kanonieri saqmro, ukve samefo
ojaxis wevrTa Soris aris dasaxelebuli absirtusisa da friqsusis
vaJebis gverdiT (5. 459-460, Sdr. 3. 496-497). Tumca aiets es xels ar uSlis,
rom medeas saxeli Tavisi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad gamoiyenos (3. 495-
6). alani anavsisi swored amitom jer kidev omis dawyebamde ganewyo
aietis mimarT mtrulad, radgan mefem arCevani albanelze SeaCera da ara
masze (6. 43-44). flakusi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs stirusisa da
anavsisis Serkinebas, radgan maT sabrZolvelad piradi motivic
amoZravebT. anavsisi ar apirebs dauTmos stiruss is, rac mas yvelaze
metad uyvars. moaxerxebs kidec albanelis daWras, romelic brZolis
vels gaecleba. alanTa sardali mas simxdaleSi debs brals; mis
sityvaSi, romliTac anavsiss mimarTavs, didi ironiac igrZnoba: rom mas
Wrilobebs verc medea da verc misi Selocva-mkurnaloba dauamebs (6. 265-
278). stirusis mier sasikvdilod gangmiruli anavsisi brZolis velze
aResruleba. stirusi, ra Tqma unda, iasonSic Tavis metoqes xedavs da mas
mtrad ekideba, roca es ukanaskneli medeasTan erTad kolxididan
gaiqceva. mdevar kolxebSi didi aqtiurobiT gamoirCeva (8. 298-305, 328-368).
igi Seuracxyofilad grZnobs Tavs, radgan TviT mefe aietis
gadawyvetlebas ar scems aravin pativs da kidev ufro metad umZafrdeba
medeas mimarT siyvaruli (8. 302), roca misi samudamod dakargvis safrTxe
Seiqmneba. iunos mier gamowveul grigalSi mdevar kolxebsa da
argonavtebs Soris Setakebis dros tragikulad iRupeba, ise, rom
aboboqrebul talRebSi Cavardnil ufliswuls veravin aRmouCens
daxmarebas (8. 363-368).
kolaqsesi – bisaltebis winamZRoli. persesis mokavSireTa Soris
aris dasaxelebuli. igi RvTiuri warmomavlobisaa: iupiterisa da
gvelisfexeba skviTiis qalRmerTis, horas vaJia, romelic iSva skviTiis
sanapiroze, md. mirakesa da tibisusis maxloblad. flakusi Segnebulad
amaxvilebs yuradRebas mis warmomavlobaze, ramdenadac am gmiris
meSveobiT skviTebis RvTiur sawyisze migvaniSnebs. brZolis velze
kolaqsesi didi aqtiurobiT gamoirCeva. man musri gaavlo kolxTa
umetesobas. mas emsxverpla: gesiTousi (6. 637), hipetaoni (6. 637), arinesi (6.
197
638), olbusi (6. 638), apresi (6. 638), Tidrusi (6. 639), monesusi (6. 651); masve
ergo pativi SebrZoleboda argonavtTa meTaurs. kolaqsesma ganizraxa
misi mokvla, esrola qva, Tumca qalRmerT iunos SewevniT argonavtTa
meTauri uvnebeli gadarCa, xolo lodi yvelasaTvis ucnob da uCinar
mebrZols, kolx monesuss moxvda (6. 650-1). kolaqsesis bedi gadawyvetili
iyo. iupiters surda SvilisTvis sikvdili aeridebina, Tumca verc
uzenaesma RvTaebam SeZlo pirmSosTvis dadgenili xvedris acileba (6.
624-9). aseTi saxelovani gmiris damarcxebiT iasonma didi saxeli
moixveWa.
b) naklebad intensiurad moqmedi mniSvnelovani personaJebi:
anavsisi – warCinebuli warmomavlobis alanTa da henioxTa

sardali, persesis mokavSire. medeas erT-erTi xelismTxovneli (Sdr.
stirusi, koastesi, mirakesi). igi jer kidev maSin ganewyo aietis mimarT
mtrulad, rodesac man gadawyvita medea stirusisaTvis (albaneli
ufliswuli) SeerTo colad (6. 43-44). RmerTebis nebieri anavsisi swored
stirusis mier gangmiruli aResruleba brZolis velze (6. 265-278).
ariasmenusi – skviTi mebrZoli. persesis damxmare laSqarSia
dasaxelebuli. flakusis mier araerTgzis aris eqsponirebuli. avtors
surs, misi simamace momaval Taobebs gadasces (6. 103-105). omis
mamoZravebeli Zalaa, saomar etlze amxedrebuli brZolis velze daqris,
erTaderTi survili amoZravebs, gaJlitos berZnebi da kolxebi (6. 386-389).
tragikulia ariasmenusis aRsasruli, mas mteri verafers daaklebda,
brZolaSi aTena palasi rom ar Careuliyo. roca ariasmenusi sabrZolo
iaraRis gareSe rCeba, xteba etlidan da sakuTarive etlis basri
namglebiT danawevrebuli esalmeba sicocxles (6. 423-426).
koastesi – skviTi jadoqari. kolxidaSi xoaTrebsa da kentorebs
mouZRvis aietis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. medeas erT-erTi
xelismTxovnelia. Tumca mas, sxva saqmroTagan (Sdr. anavsisi, stirusi,
mirakesi) gansxvavebiT, arc medeas siyvaruli amoZravebs da arc
brZolisadmi dauokebeli swrafva, aramed kolxi qalwulis saxeli.
koastess medeasTan SeuRleba imitom surs, rom medea jadoqrobiT Sors
aris saxelganTqmuli (6. 155-7).
198
mirakesi – parTiis mefis elCi kolxebTan. medeas erT-erTi
xelismTxovneli (Sdr. stirusi, anavsisi, koastesi). aRm. sanapirodan
Cadis kolxidaSi im misiiT, rom parTelebsa da kolxebs Soris kavSiri
gaamyaros. sanacvlod, oqros garda, jildod medeac eguleba. jer kidev
aietsa da persess Soris omi ar iyo dawyebuli, mirakesi rom siyvaruliT
ganimsWvala kolxi qalwulis mimarT. flakusi saguldagulod aRwers
ucxoeli elCis Cacmulobas: mas Tavze saucxoo qsovilisgan Seqmnili
patiosani TvlebiT Semkuli tiara mSobliur yaidaze axuravs. gamoirCeva
saomari aRkazmulobiTa da mokle xmliT, romelic marjvena mxareze aqvs
moqceuli. ymawvils ucxouri wawvetebuli fexsacmeli acvia da tans
vefxvis tyavi umSvenebs. gamijnurebuli mirakesi, safrTxis miuxedavad,
ar tovebs kolxidas da mamacurad ibrZvis Zmebs Soris gamarTul omSi.
mas Tan axlavs saWurisi meabjre. TviTon etlze amxedrebuls gamudmebiT
ieriSi miaqvs mterze. mirakess skviTi sienesi gangmiravs SubiT da mis
nivTebs daepatroneba.
Cveni azriT, valerius flakusTan tradiciisaTvis ucnobi amdeni

metwilad mis mier gamogonebuli axali personaJis Semoyvana poemaSi
ganpirobebuli unda iyos erTi mxriv istoriuli realobiT da, meore
mxriv, sakuTriv kavkasiis mimarT interesis gazrdiT; am procesSi aseve
mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens flakusis survili, tradiciuli
miTis epikuri damuSavebisas iyos misi didi winamorbedi epikosebis mimde-
vari da amasTanave novatoric.
199
IV. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxeldebis principebi
flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~ bevri axali personaJi figurirebs: lem-

noseli, kizikieli, kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli mravali axali saxe;
CvenTvis niSandoblivia is damokidebuleba, rasac flakusi mis mier
Seqmnil e. w. fsevdo-miTologiuri personaJebisadmi avlens. SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom igi enobriv donezec axerxebs, erTmaneTisagan gamijnos
gansxvavebuli warmomavlobis personaJebi. qvemoT warmovadgenT maTi
saxelebis savaraudo warmomavlobas da vimsjelebT im principebze, rom-
lebiTac, SesaZloa, flakusi xelmZRvanelobs personaJebis saxeldebis
procesSi.
flakusis mier saxeldebis principebis gamoyenebis specifikaze
ufro reliefuri warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad lemnoseli da kizikieli
personaJebis saxeldebis SemTxvevebs ganvixilavT. es saSualebas mogv-
cems warmodgena SeviqmnaT imaze, saxelTa SerCevisas flakusi erTiani
principebiT sargeblobs, Tu kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis
SemTxvevaSi igi ramdenadme gansxvavebul gzas irCevs.
1. lemnoseli personaJebis saxelebi

lemnosis epizodSi hifsipiles, misi macnisa (ifinoe)285 da ZiZis
(poluqso)286 garda gvxvdeba 7 axali personaJi, romelTagan 4 aris mamaka-
ci (amiTaoni, 2.162; doriklusi, 2.149; kodrusi, 2.136ff.; oleniusi, 2.163) da 3
qali (driope, 2.174; evrinome, 2.136ff; neera, 2.141). am epizods, romelic
argonavtTa Tqmulebis tradiciul siuJetur elements warmoadgens, roma-
eli epikosi sakmaod avrcobs iseTi inovaciiT, rac flakusamdeli tradi-
ciisaTvis ucxoa, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs venusis transformacia erT-erT
lemnosel qalad da aseve moqmedebaSi qalRmerT famas CarTva. rogorc
Cans, am personaJebs flakusi venusis intrigis asaxvis aucileblobidan
gamomdinare qmnis. venusi imis gamo, rom Suri iZios lemnosel qalebze,
gadawyvets, maT ubedureba daatexos Tavs. igi mokavSireobas sTxovs
famas (Worisa da avsityvaobis qalRmerTs) da avalebs, lemnosel
asulebSi xma gaavrcelos, rom maT meuRleebi samarcxvinod Ralatoben
Trakiel qalebTan. am epizodSi dasaxelebuli arcerTi personaJs ar
285 ÆIfinovh: Ap.Rhod.Arg.1.702; Iphinoe: Hyg.Fab.15; Val.Flacc.2.162, 2.327.

286 Poluxwv: Ap. Rhod.Arg.1.668; Polyxo: Hyg.Fab.15.5; Val. Flacc. 2.316.
200
gaaCnia statistze aRmatebuli funqcia. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aq
gvxvdeba sami lemnoseli qali: driope, evrinome da neera. venusi erT-
erTi maTganis, driopes saxiT moevlineba lemnosel qalebs, fama ki
neeras saxiT ewveva evrinomes da atyobinebs, rom misma qmarma kodrusma
moiyvana Trakieli coli, anu, faqtobrivad, aq CvenTvis sainteresoa
mxolod evrinomes figura; Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, evrinomes saxiT
flakusi lemnoseli qalebis ganzogadebul tips gvTavazobs; evrinome
sanimuSo colia da rudunebiT ufrTxildeba Tavis sarecels occupat
exesam curis castumque cubile / servantem, 2, 137, qmris erTgulia ...manet illa viro, 2.
138, Tumca mas Semdeg, rac qmris RalatSi darwmundeba, mzad aris
daundoblad iZios Suri Tavis meuRleze. is, Tu rogor detalurad
aRwers flakusi lemnoseli qalebis SurisZiebis scenebs, aseve mis
gansxvavebul xedvis maneraze metyvelebs. igi ar ifargleba mxolod
informaciis konstataciiT, aramed ise ostaturad agebs scenebs, rom
gveqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos mZafrsiuJetian films vuyurebT.
rac Seexeba lemnoseli personaJebis saxeldebas, yuradReba unda
mivaqcioT im garemeobas, rom yvela es saxeli sakmaod gavrcelebulia
antikur onomastikaSi.287
2. kizikieli personaJebis saxelebi

dolionebis epizods, iseve rogorc lemnosis ambebs, sakmaod didi
adgili uWiravs flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~. bunebrivia, am e. w. niktomaqiis
aRwerisas flakusi tradiciulad cnobil siuJets eyrdnoba, Tumca am
SemTxvevaSic epikuri Txrobis misTvis damaxasiaTebeli maneriT avrcobs
da amdidrebs mas e. w. fsevdo-miTologiuri personaJebiT.
apolonios rodoselTan 12 dolioneli personaJi gvxvdeba. maT
statistebis funqcia aqvT. sqema aris aseTi: A (argonavti) klavs B-s
(dolionels): herakle klavs telekless (I 1040) da megabrontess (I 1041);
287 amiTaoni (Apd.1.9.11, 1.7.7; Dio.4.68.3, 4.69.3; Hes.CWE.13; Hom.Od.11.258); doriklusi

(Apd.3.12.5; Hom.Il.11.489; Hyg.Fab.90; Ver.Aen.5.621; Oly.10.67); kodrusi (Hdt.1.147, 9.97; Pau.1.19.5,
1.39.4, 7.2.1, 7.2.8, 7.2.10, 7.3.3, 7.3.5-7; Strab.9.1.7, 14.1.3); oleniusi (Olenus: Hyg.Ast.2.13; Ov.Met.12.433,
10.68; Sdr. Olenius: Stat.Theb.12.741); driope (Lib.Met.32; Ov.Met.9.329ff., 9.350ff.; Aen.10.550ff.; Sdr.
Stat.Theb.2.613; evrinome (Apd.3.9.2; Hyg.Fab.70; Apd.1.2.2, 1.3.1, 3.12.6; Arg.1.503; Hes.The.907;
Nonn.2.573; Hom.Od.17.495; Ov.Met.4.208ff.; Hes.CWE.7; Hyg.Fab.157); neera (Apd.2.1.2; Apd. Library
3.5.6; Apd.3.9.1-2; Sdr. Pau.8.4.6; QS.1.292).
201
akastosi _ sfodriss (I 1041); pelevsi _ Zelissa (I 1042) da gefiross (I
1042); telamoni _ basilevss (I 1043), idasi _ promevss (I 1044), klitiosi _
hiakinToss (I 1044), tindaridebi _ megalosakessa (I 1045) da flogioss (I
1045), oinidi _ itomenevss (I 1046) da artakess (I 1047). epiTetebis doneze
am gmirTa Soris gamoirCevian gefirosi (ajrhivqoo~ `guladi~), itomenevsi
(qrasuv~ `mamaci~) da artakesi (provmo~ ajndrw`n `vaJkacTa sardali~). apolo-
niosTan mTels niqtomaqias 8 striqoni eTmoba (I 1040-1047). es imitom, rom
elinist poets zogadad arc ainteresebs bataluri scenebis aRwera,
mokled ayalibebs Tavis saTqmels: meomrebs, romlebic brZolis velze
daecnen, axlac pativiT moixsenieben iqauri mkvidrni, danarCenebi ki
simxdalis gamo Sedarebulia dafrTxal mtredTa gundebs (I 1047-1050).
samagierod, es ambavi mas ainteresebs erT-erTi aitiis gadmocemis
konteqstSi.
flakusTan kizikusTan dakavSirebuli ambebis aRweras 400-ze meti
striqoni eTmoba (3. 43-458). uSualod brZolis peripetiebi mesame wignis
95-e striqonidan iwyeba da 116 str. eTmoba Ramiseuli brZolis scenebs.288
valerius flakusTan kizikusis epizodSi dasaxelebulia sul 38 axali
figura. rogorc apolonios rodoselTan, aqac maT statistis funqcia
aqvT,289 informacia maT Sesaxeb aseTi tipisaa: A (argonavti) klavs B-s
(kizikiels): tidevsi koriTuss (98-107); pelevsi ambrosiuss (138); ankevsi
exekluss (138-9); nestori amastruss (145); fliasi oxuss (148-9); poluqsi
hebruss (149); iasoni klavs: Zeliss, brontess, abriss, glavkuss, haliss,
protiss, dorkevss. Tumca, ar SeiZleba yuradReba ar mivaqcioT flakusis
mcdelobas, am simravleSi ramdenime personaJis aqcentirebiT isini Cven-
Tvis dasamaxsovrebeli gaxados, Tundac umniSvnelo StrixiT.290
axla ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT, vin arian es personaJebi:
pirveli, vinc Ramiseul SetakebaSi kvdeba, aris kizikieli koriTusi (95-
112), romelic imdenad axovania, rom evritusma Tavi Seikava, mas Sebmoda,
288 brZolis detaluri aRwera ix.: E. Burk, Kampf und Tod des Cyzicus bei Valerius Flaccus:
Mélanges Marcel Durry, REL 47, 1970, 187.
289 statistebi: ironi (111), kotisi (112), bienori, pirnusi (112) – bienoris mama (112),
telekooni (140), krenevsi – ornitusis mama (178), itisi (189), hagesi (191), Tafsusi (191),
nealkesi (191), kidrusi (192).
290 genisusi (114-116); medoni (117-120), flegiasi (124-137), admoni (167-172), ornitusi (173-
180), sagesi (181-185).
202
tidevsma ki oleniuri Subi gauqana. momakvdavi koriTusi cdilobs Subis
amoRebas, romelic sisxliT wiTlad aris SeRebili. amis Semdeg flakusi
warmogvidgens sam kizikiels (113-132), romlebic qalaqidan moiCqarian
brZolaSi Casabmelad. vxvdebiT genisuss, romelsac colma iaraRi da-
umala, Tumca buxarSi aalebuli cecxlis wyalobiT mamacma gmirma mainc
ipova saWurveli da brZolis velisken gaswia (114ff.); mzrunvelma colma,
mcdelobis miuxedavad, mainc ver SeZlo, daexsna sayvareli qmari
bediswerisgan: telis gaudes, miserande, repertis (116). qurumi medoni, rogorc ki
gaigebs sabrZolo mowodebas, miatovebs dawyebul msxverplSewirvas da
mterTan saomrad emzadeba, gansakuTrebiT amaRelvebelia CvenTvis misi
sikvdili: inde vagi nec bella modis nec casibus isdem / conseruere manu et longe iacuere
perempti (123f.). mesame kizikieli, romelic Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs, aris
flegiasi, igi pelasgel Tamiriss uxmobs, sjera, rom es Cveuli
Tavdasxmaa mtrisagan (124-132). igi herkulesis msxverpli xdeba (133-137). sa-
marTlianad SeniSnavs e. liuTe: ès sami personaJi isea warmodgenili
flakusis mier, rom maTi sikvdili gansakuTrebiT moqmedebs mkiT-
xvelze~.291 momdevno monakveTSi flakusi masobriv scenas warmogvidgens,
sadac 17 kizikieli esalmeba sicocxles (138-185). poeti kvlav imas
cdilobs, rom imoqmedos mkiTxvelze. nestori yovelgvari gulmowya-
lebis gareSe uswordeba amastruss da axarebs mdidari alafi (145);
sakmaod mkacria herkulesis sityvebi, rodesac momakvdav kizikiels,
admons mimarTavs: òccumbens i nunc~ ait `Herculis armis / donum ingens semperque tuis
memorabere fatis~ (169f.). stumarTmoyvare ornitusis sikvdilic tragikulia,
mas klavs idmoni, romelsac manamde kizikielma ZRveni usaxsovra (173-177).
SeiZleba iTqvas, ZiriTadad es personaJebi flakuss ainteresebs
imdenad, ramdenadac argonavtebis (iasoni, 151-160; herkulesi, 161-172; idmo-
ni, 173-180; hilasi, 181-185; dioskurebi, 186-197; telamoni, 198-206) aristiebs
warmogvidgens maTi meSveobiT, Tumca isic aSkaraa, rom ramdenime maTgani
udavod mkiTxvelis TanagrZnobas iwvevs.
brZolis mizezia, daisajos kizikusi hibrisis gamo, mas Semdeg, rac
kizikusi kvdeba, impia bella mTavrdeba (253). argonavtebi Tavs icaven da
291 E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971, 98.
203
mters ar uSindebian, surT mtris winaSe mamacebi gamoCndenen (iasoni 80f.),
mTels Zal-Rones ar iSureben (tidevsi 103ff.), momakvdav mterzec ki surT
STabeWdilebis moxdena (herkulesi 169). Tumca maTi garja amaoa, saxelis
moxveWas aseT omSi azri ara aqvs. flakusi amas gacilebiT sagrZnobs
xdis, rodesac kizikusis meomrebs moixseniebs rogorc infelix manus (95),
TanagrZnoba maTi xvedris aRwerisas swored amisi dasturia.
sainteresoa, ra saxelebs urCevs flakusi kizikiel gmirebs; 38 ki-
zikieli personaJis saxelTagan 30 antikur avtorebTan dasturdeba sxva-
dasxva personaJebis aRsaniSnavad,292 9 saxeli ki antikuri samyaros ono-
mastikaSi dadasturebuli elementebis kombinaciiT unda Seeqmna
avtors.293 Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT zemoT moyvanil informacias, SegviZlia
darwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom flakusi lemnosel da kizikiel personaJebis
ZiriTadad antikuri samyaros enobrivi arealidan urCevs saxelebs, gaci-
lebiT mravalferovania misi principebi kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli per-
sonaJebis saxeldebisas.
3. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxelebi
rasakvirvelia, rodesac kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis

saxelebs vikvlevT, Cven am SemTxvevaSi ar vcdilobT maTi etimologiebis
warmodgenas, radgan savsebiT SesaZlebelia berZnul metyvel saxelSi esa
Tu is fuZe etimologiurad ukavSirdebodes winaberZnul an sxva rome-
lime enobriv garemos, iseve rogorc winaaziur saxelebSi dadasturebul
292 abarisi (Hdt.4.36; Ver.Aen.9.344; Ov.Met.5.86,); amastrusi (Verg.Aen.XI 674); ambrosiusi

(ÆAmbrwseuv~: Paus.10.36.1; ÒAmbrwso~: Pol.4.25; Strab.9.423); aresi (ix. ÒArh~); bienori (Hom.Il.11.92;
Ov.Met.345); brontesi (Hes.Theog.140; Eustath.Od.1622,50; Apollod.I.1,2; Verg.Aen.8.425); glavkusi (ix.
Glau'ko~); dorkevsi (Ovid.met.III 210; Hyg.fab.181; Sdr. Stat.Theb.9.809); erimusi (Verg.Aen.10.702;
ÒErumo~: Hom.Il.16.345); exeklusi (ÆEceklhv~: Hom.Il.16.189); zelisi (Zevlu~: Ap. Rhod. I.1042); itisi
(Apd.3.14.8; Eur.Her.1018; Hyg.Fab.239; Verg.Aen.9.574); koriTusi (Apollod. III 104; Verg. Aen. III 167. VII
209; Ov.Met.12.290ff., 5.125;); kotisi (Kovtu~: DH.1.27.1-2; Hdt.4.45); krenevsi (Ov.Met.12.310; Sdr.
Stat.Theb.5.221, 9.319); medoni (Hom.Il.716-728; Hyg.Fab.134; Ov.Met.3.581-691; Hom.Il.17.216.
Verg.Aen.6.483; Ovid.met.12.303); melanTusi (Ov.Met.3.581-691); nealkesi (Verg.Aen.10.753;
Plin.35.11.40-43); niseusi (Aes.LB.619; Apd.3.15.5, 3.15.7-8; Hes.CWE.7; Hyg.Fab.198, 242; Ov.Met.8.145);
oleniusi (Olenus: Hyg.Ast.2.13; Ov.Met.12.433, 10.68); ornitusi (Ap. Rhod.Arg.1.207, 2.65;
Verg.Aen.11.678ff.); ofeltesi (Apd.1.9.14, 3.6.4; Hyg.Fab.74; Sdr. Stat.Theb.4.741, 5.534ff., 5.632);
oxusi (ÇWco~: Ptol.6.11.2; Strab.11.518; Plin.6,16,18,48); protisi (Prwtiv~: Theocr.13,25.2); flegiasi
(Apd.3.5.5, 3.10.3; Hom.Asc.16; Hes.CWE.89; Ov.Met.5.87; Sdr. Stat.Theb.3.79, 7.711, 8.688); fokevsi
(Fokeuv~: Aesch.Ag.881; Eur.I.T.917; halisi (Verg.Aen.9.765; Sdr. Stat.Theb.2.574); hebrusi Verg. Ecl.
10.65; Verg.Aen.10.697, 12.331; Hor. Carm. 3.25.10; Sdr. Stat. Theb. 7.66, 10.315).
293 aq vgulisxmobT Semdegi personaJebis saxelebs: admoni, genisusi, Tapsusi, ironi,
kidrusi, pirnusi, sagesi, telekooni, hagesi.
204
fuZeebs SeiZleba hqondeT sul sxvadasxva etimologia da
dakavSirebulni iyvnen indoevropul, semitur an kavkasiur enobriv
samyarosTan. aseve, rodesac garkveul saxelebs vaTavsebT skviTur an
sparsul jgufSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom skviTuri ena TavisTavad
ekuTvnoda iranul enaTa jgufs da am SemTxvevaSi Zalze Znelia zusti
zRvaris gavleba, romeli fuZea wminda skviTuri da romeli sparsuli.
swored amitom Cven warmomavlobaze msjelobisas ZiriTadad gvaintere-
sebs valerius flakusisaTvis cnobili romeli enobrivi garemodan Se-
iZleboda moexdina avtors ama Tu im fuZis gamoyeneba an sxvadasxva
elementebTan kombinireba.
3.1. e. w. metyveli saxelebi

akvitesi (Aquites)294 – kolxi misani. a. heereni295 am saxels
ukavSirebs Aquitani formas, amave Tvalsazriss eTanxmeba h. vismani296,
Tumca Cven ufro sarwmunod migvaCnia mosazreba, rom saxelis warmo-
ebisas, SesaZloa, flakusi laT. formativs aqua `wyali~ da berZnulSi
gavrcelebul saxelis mawarmoebel sufiqs -th" gamoiyenebs, rasac
amyarebs TviT flakusTan am personaJis Sesaxeb daculi informacia,
akvitesi mdinare fazisis RvTaebis qurumia.
ambenusi (Ambenus)297 – skviTi meomari. flakusi poemaSi asaxelebs
amave saxelwodebis mTas sarmatiaSi (6. 85), romelsac zogierTi mecnieri
am personaJis saxels ukavSirebs.298 ambenusis etimologias, Cveulebriv,
gal. ambis, laT. amnis, sanskr. amba `wyali~ formativebTan akavSireben.
saxeli unda miekuTvnebodes getur an bastarnul nomenklaturas.299
anavsisi (Anausis)300 – persesis mokavSire. henioxebisa da alanebis
sardali. warmoebisas, SesaZloa, flakusi an antikuri epoqis ono-
mastikaSi farTod gavrcelebul anau- elements iyenebdes an e. w. metyvel
saxels berZn. ajnauv-w `yvirili~ zmnidan awarmoebdes. aseve SesaZloa, rom
294 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 294-316.

295 A. Heeren, De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899, 20.
297 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6.250-251.
298 Tomaschek, Ambenus mons, RE, I.2, 1797.
300 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 42-47, 265-278.
205
flakusi am saxels qmnides eTnonimidan Anasi, romelic erTxel aris
moxseniebuli pliniusTan (Plin. Nat. 6. 22). am varauds amyarebs aseTi tipis
monacvleobaTa sxva magaliTebic: Colaxais / Colaxes, Auchates / Auchus, Tyra /
Tyras, Bastarnae / Batarnae, Thyssagetes / Thyrsagetes.301
apresi (Apres)302 – kolxi meomari. flakusi, SesaZloa, iyenebdes aper,
apri `taxi~ mniSvnelobis mqone fuZes an Zveli samyaros onomastikaSi
dadasturebul apr- elements.303
gelasi (Gelas)304 – hirkanieli meomari. SesaZloa, flakusi Zvel
samyaroSi gavrcelebul onomastikur gela- fuZes gamoiyenebs, romelic,
metwilad, berZn. gelavw `sicili~ zmnis semantikasTan aris dakavSirebuli.
gesanderi (Gesander)305 – iazigi sardali. saxelis warmomavloba
ucnobia.306 warmoebisas, SesaZloa, flakusi laT. gero, gessi `vatareb,
vawarmoeb~ (bellum gerere òmis warmoeba~) da berZn. ajnhvr, ajndrov" `mamakaci~
komponentebs gamoiyenebs (Sdr. Thessandrus, berZeni gmiri vergiliusTan
Aen. II, 261). h. kostlini ukavSirebs am saxels gaesum sityvas „Subis“
mniSvnelobiT.307
gesiTousi (Gessithous)308 – kolxi meomari. SesaZloa, flakusi laT.
gero, gessi `vatareb, vawarmoeb~ da berZn. qoov" `swrafi~ komponentebs
gamoiyenebs. kompozitis meore Semadgenel nawilTan dakavSirebiT
aRsaniSnavia, rom flakusTan am fuZis Semcveli sxva personaJTa
saxelebic dasturdeba: a. m., amaZoni Toe Thoe `swrafi~ (6. 375) da nereisi
kimoToe Cymothoe `swrafi talRa~ (2. 605). vergiliusTan am saxeliT mo-
ixsenieba zRvis nimfa (Verg. Aen. I 144). rac Seexeba konteqsts, sadac per-
sonaJi gesiTousia moxseniebuli, flakusis fraza Hypetaona Gessithoumque
exmianeba vergiliusiseul: Thesea Pirithoumque (Aen. 6.393), Ixiona Pirithoumque
(Aen. 6.601).
301 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 57; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 36; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 344.
302 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 638.
304 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 203-218.
305 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 122-128, 6. 279-316, 6. 374-380.
306 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 21; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 122.
307 H. Köstlin, Zu Valerius Flaccus, Philologus 39, 1880, 438.
308
Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 637.
206
dipsasi (Dipsas)309 – kolxi meomari. unda aRiniSnos, rom amave
saxelwodebis mdinare arsebobda kilikiaSi. warmoebisas, SesaZloa,
flakusi am personaJis saxels berZn. Divya" gvelis saxeobas ànkaras~ (Nic.
Ther. 334 ff.) ukavSirebs, romlis kbenac dauokebel wyurvils iwvevs da
Seesabameba diyavw zmnis semantikas.310
vanusi (Vanus)311 – persesis mokavSire. hirkanieli misani. SesaZloa
es personaJi Seqmnilia staciusis amfiarausis analogiiT. CvenTvis aseve
sainteresoa tacitusTan dadasturebuli saxeli vaniusi (Tac. Ann. 2.63,
12.29), romelic sakmaod cnobili figura yofila. SesaZloa, flakusi metri
causa vaniuss cvlis vanusad.312 arc is aris gamoricxuli, rom warmoebisas,
flakusi laT. leqsikur formativs vanus gamoiyenebs mniSvnelobiT
`carieli, amao~.
zakorusi (Zacorus)313 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmoebisas,
SesaZloa, flakusi saxels berZn. leqsikuri formatividan zavkoro" `taZris
msaxuri~ awarmoebs, Tumca a. heereni ar eTanxmeba am mosazrebas da gvTa-
vazobs Pacorus koniunqturas. pakorusi iyo parTelTa mefe, romelic
krasusma daamarcxa Zv. w. 53 w. (Hor. Carm. 3.6.9).314
Tidrusi (Thydrus)315 – kolxi meomari. flakusis mixedviT, igi md.
fasisis napirebTan Caisaxa kavkasosis mier, romelic, Cveulebisamebr,
mamiseul faras mwyemsavda; swored aqedan momdinareobs Tidrusis met-
saxeli `fasisis msaxuri~; saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. warmoebisas
flakusi, SesaZloa, iyenebdes quv- elements `msxverplSewirvis~ da drav-w
komponents `vakeTeb, vmoqmedeb~ mniSvnelobiT.
kelenevsi (Celaeneus)316 – kimerieli misani. sainteresoa saxelis
warmomavloba. pindarosis odebis sqolioebSi `Savgvreman kolxebTan~
dakavSirebiT vxvdebiT sqoliastis SeniSvnas: èrTni amboben, rom es
niSnavs `saxiT SeSinebuls~, radgan `kelainoss~ xmaroben `SeSinebis~
309 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 192

310 Sdr. H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 93.
311 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 114-119.
312 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 16; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 62; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347.
313 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 554
315 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 639.
316 Val. Flacc. Arg. 3. 406.
207
mniSvnelobiT. xolo sxvebi amboben, rom skviTebi egviptelTa kolonis-
tebi arian, amitomaa, rom amboben, Savkanianebi ariano. xolo safiqrebe-
lia, rom isini (marTlac) egviptelTa kolonistebi arian~; T. yaux-
CiSvilis azriT, am sityvis kavSiri `SeSinebasa~ da `gaocebasTan~
(kataplhktikov~ da katavplhxi~) ar dgindeba: ùTuod isini, vinc ar
scnobdnen kolxTa kavSirs egviptelebTan, ver xsnidnen maT Savgvrema-
nobas da upoves aseTi axsna pindarosis cnobas – argonavtebi
SeebrZolnen SeSinebul (Tu gaocebul) kolxebs – maxvili kolxebis sxva
Tvisebaze gaakeTes. aq Cans berZnis damokidebuleba araberZnis mimarT~.317
kelainov~ niSnavs `Savs~, `muqs~, `bnels~, am sityvis semantika rom flaku-
sisTvisac niSandoblivia, mis mier poemaSi mowodebuli informaciac
cxadyofs: misani kelenevsi Savi tanisamosiT aris mosili ...atraque sedens in
veste Celaeneus (3. 406), amdenad, es saxeli aSkarad metyvel saxelTa rigs
miekuTvneba.
keramnusi (Ceramnus)318 – skviTi meomari. sxva wyaro skviT keramnuss
ar ixseniebs. saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. warmoebisas, SesaZloa,
flakusi iyenebs berZ. kevramo" mniSvnelobiT `Tixa~.319
latrisi (Latris)320 – persesis mokavSire. iberieli sardali. ВДИ-is
komentatoris mixedviT, es saxeli Crd. SavizRvispireTTan dakavSirebiT
sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.321 saxelis warmoebisas flakusi, sava-
raudod, iyenebs antikurobaSi gavrcelebul latr- elements, rac metyvel
saxelTa rigs miekuTvneba `msaxuris, macnis, qurumis~ mniSvnelobiT (Sdr.
aseve Plin. Nat. 4.97 insulam Latrim).
leqsanori (Lexanor)322 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmomavloba
ucnobia, Tumca arcTu iSviaTad gvxvdeba berZn. saxelebi -anwr dabolo-
ebiT. albaT, es saxeli dakavSirebulia lex- (Leleges) fuZesTan, Tu gaviTva-
liswinebT imasac, rom -anwr daboloeba ajnhvr formatividan momdinareobs,
leqsanori SeiZleba gavigoT rogorc mWevrmetyveli.
317 T. yauxCiSvili, 1976, 39.

318 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 550.
320 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 121.
321 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 64; Franke, Latris, RE, XII.1, 978; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.
322 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 686.
208
medoresi (Medores)323 – hirkanieli meomari. saxelis warmoebisas
flakusi Zvel samyaroSi gavrcelebul onomastikur med- fuZes
gamoiyenebs, romelic, metwilad, berZn. mhvdomai `vzrunav, ganvizraxav~
zmnis semantikasTan aris dakavSirebuli: Sdr. aseve Mevdwn, Mhvdeia.
SesaZloa, es saxeli aseve davukavSiroT troelTa erT-erT mokavSires
Mevdwn-s (Hom. Il. 17. 216, Sdr. aseve Verg. Aen. VI 483) an kentavrs, romelic
ovidiusTan gvxvdeba (Ov. Met. 12. 303).324
3.2. antikur avtorebTan dadasturebuli saxelebi

aroni (Aron)325 – aietis mokavSire. sakmaod gavrcelebuli saxelia
antikur wyaroebSi.326 am saxels atarebs sxvadasxva regionTan dakavSire-
buli araerTi piri (PGE). aris mcdeloba, es saxeli daukavSiron sofels
dalmatiur sanapiroze (Aronia, RE, II 1, 1215).327
evriale (Euryale)328 – aietis mokavSire. amaZoni. ase hqvia erT-erT
gorgonas (Hes. Theog. 276, Pind. Pyth. 12, 20, Apollod. II, 4, 2, 7), aseve minosis
asuls, romelmac poseidonTan SeuRlebiT Sva orioni (Arat. 322, Hyg. astr. II
34).329 rogorc amaZonis saxeli, mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba.
zetesi (Zetes)330 – kolxi meomari. aRsaniSnavia, rom amave saxels
atarebs argonavti Zetesi. rogorc kolxi meomris saxeli, mxolod fla-
kusTan gvxvdeba, amdenad, savaraudod, igi mis mier Seqmnili personaJia.
Toe (Thoe)331 – amaZoni meomari qali. gavrcelebuli saxelia
antikur wyaroebSi. am saxels atarebs okeanosisa da teTisis asuli (Hes.
th. 354), nerevsisa da dorisis asuli (Il. 18. 40).332 Toe, rogorc amaZonis
saxeli, mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba, amdenad, savaraudod igi mis mier
Seqmnili personaJia.
323 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 203-218.

325 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 587-592; 6. 524-541.
326 Hoefer, Arron, RE, II 1, 1260.
328 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 611-614, 6. 370-379.
329 Wagner, Euryale, RE, VI.1, 1316-17.
330 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 572.
331 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 375.
332 G. Türk, Thoe, RE, VI A.1, 303.
209
idasmenusi (Idasmenus)333 – skviTi meomari. ar aris gamoricxuli, am
SemTxvevaSi flakusi saxels ori komponentidan Idas, romelic antiku-
robaSi gavrcelebuli sakuTari saxelia (a. m. idasi ewodeba erT-erT
argonavts) da meno-dan awarmoebdes, Sdr. Ariasmenus. SeiZleba vivaraudoT,
rom idasmenusi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia.
kirnusi (Cyrnus)334 – kolxi meomari. sakmaod gavrcelebuli saxelia
antikur onomastikaSi. am saxels atarebs sxvadasxva regionTan
dakavSirebuli araerTi piri (PGE). aseve cnobilia amave saxelwodebis
mdinare, romelic kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineba (Plut. Pomp. 34. 35, Dio Cass. 36.53,
54) da romelic md. kirosis sinonimia.335 kolxi kirnusi mxolod fla-
kusTan gvxvdeba, sxva wyaro mas ar ixseniebs.336
like (Lyce)337 – amaZoni meomari qali. es saxeli dasturdeba
horaciusTan, kerZod, ase iwodeba horaciusis satrfo (Hor. Od. 4, 13). like
rogorc amaZonis saxeli, mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba. albaT, igi mis
mier gamogonili personaJia.
meotisi (Maeotis)338 – nimfa. pevkonis deda. saxeli ukavSirdeba
amJamindeli azovis zRvis Zvel saxelwodebas, meotisi akavSirebda
kimeriul bosfoross pontos evqsinosTan.339 igi aris agreTve Savi zRvis
Crd.-aRm. mdebare mxare, zogierTi ganmartebiT, skviTia, sadac aris
meotisis tba (Schol. ad Aeneid. VI, 799). zogierTi gadmocemiT, heliosis
vaJebs samflobelod Semdegi miwebi ergoT: aiets meotisi da kolxeTi,
persess ki _ tavria (Schol. ad Ap. Rhod. III 200). Maiw'ti~ livmnh (Maeotes lacus Plin.
n. h. IV 84; Maeotica palus II 168; Maeotis, Maeotis lacus IV 75; Maeotius lacus IV 76)
formis gverdiT dasturdeba ioniuri forma Maih'ti~ (Herod. IV 20-123).
laTinurSi dasturdeba aseve naT. br. formiT Maeotidis, iSviaTad Maeotis
(Cic. Tuscul. V 17, Plin. IV 84). flakusTan am saxels atarebs mis mier
gamogonili nimfa.
333 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 196-99.

334 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 297.
335 Tomaschek, Cyrni, RE, IV.2, 1943-1944.
337 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 374.
338 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 565.
339 Herrmann, Maiotis, RE, XIV. 1, 590-592.
210
menipe (Menippe)340 – amaZoni meomari qali. ase ewodeba nerevsisa da
dorisis asuls (Hes. th. 260).341 menipe rogorc amaZonis saxeli, mxolod
flakusTan gvxvdeba. savaraudod, igi mis mier gamogonili personaJi unda
iyos.
pevke (Peuce)342 – nimfa. am saxelwodebis kunZuli uZvelesi wyaros,
apolonios rodoselis, mixedviT istrosis SesarTavSi mdebareobda,
CrdiloeTiT Navrhko~ stovma, xolo samxreTiT Kalo;n stovma esazRvreboda;
es kunZuli sakmaod xSirad dasturdeba romael avtorebTanac: Lucan. III
201f., Martial. VII 54, 3.343 sakmaod did mniSvnelobas aniWebs am adgils
valerius flakusic, romelic ramdenimejer moixseniebs mas (8. 256, 293,
376f.), ramdenadac swored aq imarTeba iasonisa da medeas qorwili.
sainteresoa aseve is faqtic, rom am kunZulis saxelis mqone nimfasac
igonebs da aseT ambavs akavSirebs masTan: nimfa pevkesTvis namusi auxdia
mdinare istrusis RvTaebas; niSandoblivia, rom flakusi am konteqstiT
iasonisa da medeas uiRblo qorwinebaze migvaniSnebs.
sibotesi (Sibotes)344 – kolxi meomari. sibotesi sakmaod
gavrcelebuli berZnuli saxelia (PGE). skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT es
personaJi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.345 albaT, is flakusis mier
gamogonili personaJia.
sinope (Sinope)346 _ nimfa. am saxeliT antikur wyaroebSi dasturdeba
elinuri qalaqi pontos samxr. sanapiroze, paflagoniis naxevarkunZulze,
(as)siriad wodebul mxareSi (Skyl. 89, Dionys. perieg. 772 da Schol. Nikeph. 761,
Eustath. zu Dionys. 775. 1166, Schol. Apoll. Rhod. II 946). mela mas xalibebTan
ganaTavsebs (Mela I 105). herodotosi sinopes adgilmdebareobas amgvarad
gansazRvravda: ` egvipte mdebareobs mTiani kilikiis pirdapir. aqedan
sinopemde, romelic evqsinos pontosTanaa, xuTi dRis pirdapiri gzaa
msubuqad SeiaraRebuli kacisaTvis. xolo sinope mdebareobs im adgilis
pirdapir, sadac istrosi zRvas erTvis~ (II, 34). polibiosi gadmogvcems,
340 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 377.

341 Gunning, Menippe, RE, XV.1 860-861.
342 Val. Flacc. Arg. 8. 217.
343 E. Polaschek, Peuce, RE, XIX.2, 1384-1390.
344 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 248-50.
346
211
rom sinope mdebareobs pontos marcxena mxares, vinc fasisSi micuravs da
mdebareobs zRvaSi SeWril naxevarkunZulze, romlis yelic uerTdeba
azias (Polyb. IV, 56, 5). sinope adridanve daukavSirda argonavtebis
Tqmulebas (Strab. I, 46). mas saxeli unda mieRo amaZoni sinopesagan (Ps. –
Skymn. 941. Anon. peripl. Pont. Eux. 21. Nikeph. 761 f. Dionys. perieg. 775 f. Fest. Avien. 951
f., Schol. Apoll. Rhod. II 946). misi Tavi gamosaxulia sinopes monetebze. sinope
dauarsebiaT iasonis Tanamgzavrs, argonavt avtolikoss, deileonsa da
flogioss (Ps. Skymn. 944 f.). avtolikosi lukulusis drosac iTvleboda,
rogorc oijkisthv~ da Tayvans scemdnen mas, rogorc RmerTs. arsebobda misi
orakulic (Strab. XII, 546; Plut. Luk. 23; Appian. Mithr. 83).347
strimoni (Strymon)348 – kolxi meomari. hesiodesTan am saxeliT
dasturdeba mdinaris RmerTi, teTisisa da okeanosis vaJi (Hes. th. 339).
aseve SesaZloa, es saxeli davukavSiroT amave saxelwodebis sasazRvro
mdinares Strumwvn makedoniasa da Trakias Soris (Verg. Aen. X 265; Sdr. Stat.
Theb. 5,188), Sdr. aseve Strymonius – troeli meomari vergiliusTan (Aen. X
414).349 savaraudod, strimoni flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia.
tagesi (Tages)350 – skviTi meomari. es saxeli sakmaod gavrcelebulia
egviptur da berZnul-romaul onomastikaSi.351 igi gvxvdeba ovidiusTan
etruski personaJis aRsaniSnavad (Ov. Met. 15.558); aseve vxvdebiT am saxels
staciusTanac (Stat. Theb. 9.270). etimologiis cdas ukve antikur wyaroebSi
gvTavazoben: ajpo; th'" gh'" (Schol. Lucan. I 636). staciusis komentatori devari
miiCnevs, rom es saxeli etruskulia da skviTiasTan araferi aqvs saerTo;
sagulisxmoa, rom -us sufiqsiT gaformebuli saxeli Tagus erT-erTi
rutuli meomris saxelia vergiliusTan (Aen. IX 418). skviTiasTan
dakavSirebiT tagesi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.352
talavsi (Talaus)353 – skviTi meomari. antikur wyaroebSi dadasture-
buli saxelia,354 ase ewodeba iliriosis erT-erT Svils, romelic
347 Ruge, Sinope, RE, 3A. 1, 252-255.

348 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 192-4.
349 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 93; Türk, Strymon, RE, IV A.1, 394.
350 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 221-7.
351
Tages, RE, IV A.2, 2009-2011.
352 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000,102-103.
353 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 222.
354 Scherling, Taulas, RE, IV A.2, 2530.
212
ilirieli tavlantiebis eponimi iyo (App. Illyr. 2), Sdr. aseve lukanusi
Taulantius incola (Luc. 6.16). TviTon es iliriuli tomi moxseniebulia
pliniusTan proprieque dicti Illyri et Taulanti et Pyraei (Plin. 3.144). skviTiasTan
dakavSirebiT talavss mxolod flakusTan vxvdebiT, albaT, es personaJi
mis mier aris gamogonili.355
falkesi (Phalces)356 – skviTi meomari. rac Seexeba saxelis
warmomavlobas, igi SesaZloa davukavSiroT erT-erT troel gmirs
homerosTan (Hom. Il. 13, 791, 14. 513).357 skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT falkesi
sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.
friqsusi (Phrixus)358 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. rac
Seexeba saxelis warmomavlobas, flakusi am skviT personaJs miTologiur
tradiciaSi cnobili eolidi friqsosis saxels arqmevs.359
heliqsi (Helix)360 – skviTi meomari. sakmaod gavrcelebuli saxelia
antikur wyaroebSi. am saxels atarebs sxvadasxva regionTan
dakavSirebuli araerTi piri (PGE). SesaZloa, flakusi am saxels
awarmoebs ovidiusis mixedviT (Ov. Met. 5.87 intonsumque comas Helicem).361
rogorc skviTi meomari heliqsi mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba, amdenad,
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom igi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia.
henioxe (Henioche)362 – medeas kolxi ZiZa. am saxeliT antikur wyaro-
ebSi sxvadasxva miTologiuri personaJi moixsenieba: kreonis meuRle (Hes.
scut. 83), pitTeusis asuli, kaneTosis meuRle da skironis deda (Plut. Thes.
25);363 cnobilia aseve henioxebis tomis saxelwodeba, amdenad, savsebiT Se-
saZlebelia, es saxeli swored am eTnonimidan iyos nawarmoebi Heniochi.364
henioxe, rogorc kolxi personaJis saxeli, mxolod flakusTan
gvxvdeba.365

356 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 88-9, 244-7, 554.
357 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 52; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.
358 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 70.
360 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 569-71.
362 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 357.
363 Weicker, Henioche, RE, VIII.1, 258.
364
Kiessling, Heniochi, RE, VIII, 259-280.
213
amastrusi (Amastrus)366 – skviTi meomari. aRsaniSnavia, rom amave
saxels atarebs agreTve flakusTan moxseniebuli kizikieli gmiric (3.
145). antikur wyaroebSi gvxvdeba rogorc md. sq. saxeli. Amastris
dasturdeba rogorc amaZoni qalis saxeli, romelmac q. amastrisi
daafuZna (Demosth. Bith. b. St. B. 2) da rogorc sparsel qalTa erTob gavr-
celebuli sakuTari saxeli: amastrisi qserqses meuRles, darios II-is
qaliSvils, artaqserqses II-is asuls da a. S. erqvaT. ase moixsenieba
vergiliusTan erT-erTi troeli meomari (Verg. Aen. XI 674), amdenad, ufro
sarwmunod migvaCnia is mosazreba, rom am personaJisaTvis saxeli fla-
kusma vergiliusisgan isesxa. savaraudod, amastrusi flakusis mier Se-
qmnili personaJi unda iyos, Tumca am skviTi mebrZolis saxeldebisas
misi inspiraciis wyaro, albaT, vergiliusia.367
anqsuri (Anxur)368 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. rogorc
skviTi meomari sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba, Tumca, wyaroebSi es
saxeli sxvadasxva formiT xSirad gvxvdeba. cnobilia amave saxelwodebis
personaJi vergiliusTan, sadac igi warmodgenilia rogorc turnusis
Tanamgzavri rutuli mebrZoli (Verg. Aen. X. 544 f.); savaraudod, igi vergi-
liusis mier gamogonili personaJi unda iyos.369 saxelis etimologiis
cdas vxvdebiT ukve antikur wyaroebSi, a. m., serviusi mas (Serv. Aen. VII 799)
berZnuli formidan a[neu xuvra" awarmoebs. SesaZloa, flakusma saxeli
vergiliusis gavleniT gadmoiRo.370
kaikusi (Caicus)371 – kolxi meomari. saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia.
kaikusi farTod gavrcelebuli saxelia antikurobaSi. am saxelwodebis
md. arsebobda misiaSi (Hes. Th. 338ff.; Pind. I. 4 (5), 53. Verg. G. 4. 370. Ov. Ars. 3.
196), agreTve cnobilia Kai?kou pedivon (Her. 6. 28). CvenTvis niSandoblivia,
rom am saxels atarebs erT-erTi troeli gmiri vergiliusTan (Aen. I 183,
366 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 554-556.

367 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 215; Tümpel, Amastris, RE, I.2, 1749-50; Amastros, RE, I.2, 1750.
368
369 O. Rossbach, Anxur, RE, I.2, 2652-2653.
371 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 688-9.
214
IX 35). savaraudod, kaikusi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia da misi
wyaro SesaZloa, rom swored vergiliusi iyo.372
latagusi (Latagus)373 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom amave saxeldebiT gvxvdeba troeli gmiri vergiliusTan
(Aen. X 697) da savsebiT SesaZloa, wyaros swored es romaeli epikosi
warmoadgenda. aseve Sdr. aRmosavluri qalaqi elianesTan povli" dev ejstin
!Indwn hJ Latavgh (Ael. Nat. An. 16.10).374
hebrusi (Hebrus)375 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia.
flakusTan vxvdebiT amave saxelwodebis mdinares TrakiaSi, romelic gan-
Tqmuli iyo oqroTi (Sdr. Verg. Ecl. 10.65, Hor. Carm. 3.25.10, Stat. Theb. 7.66), am
saxels atarebs flakusTan erT-erTi kizikieli gmiric (3. 149). hebrusis
saxeli SeiZleba aseve davukavSiroT vergiliusis personaJs, troeli
doliqaonis Zes (A. X 696, XII 331), Sdr. aseve (Stat.Theb.10.315).376
ironi (Iron)377 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. sxva
wyaro irons ar ixseniebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom amave saxels atarebs agreTve
flakusTan moxseniebuli kizikieli gmiric (3. 111). SeiZleba vivaraudoT,
rom ironi sakmaod gavrcelebuli saxelis hieronis Semoklebuli formaa
an irosis saxecvlili ekvivalenti.
3.3. antikuri samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebuli elementebis

kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi
oebasusi (Oebasus)378 – kolxi meomari. warmoebisas, SesaZloa fla-
kusi iRebs antikur onomastikaSi gavrcelebul Oeb- elements da urTavs
-asus sufiqss (Sdr. Oijbavdh", Oi[balo", Oi[bara", Oijbwvta"). SesaZloa saxels
awarmoebs sparsuli saxelidan Oijbavrh", romelic dariosis mejinibe iyo
(Her. 3.85-88, 6.33, Aesch. Pers. 984). es personaJi sxva avtorebTan ar
dasturdeba.379

373 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 584, 6. 572.
374
H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 272.
375 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 618.
376
H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 237; Oberhummer, Hebros, RE, VII.2, 2589-2590.
377 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 201-2.
378 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 244-7.
215
okrevsi (Ocreus)380 – kolxi meomari. SesaZloa flakusi iRebs anti-
kur onomastikaSi gavrcelebul Ocr- elements da urTavs saxelis
mawarmoebel -eus sufiqss (Sdr. Oncheus, Ocheus). Tu gaviTvaliswinebiT
saxelis koniunqturas Otreus, ase erqva frigiis mefes (Hom. Il. III 186).381
onxevsi (Oncheus)382 – skviTi meomari. warmoebisas, SesaZloa
flakusi iRebs antikur onomastikaSi gavrcelebul Onch- elements (!Ogcovh
q. fokisSi. !Ogcoai'o". !Ogcoeuv" St. B.) da urTavs saxelis mawarmoebel -eus
sufiqss (Sdr. Ocreus, Ocheus). a. heerenis mixedviT, saxeli nawarmoebia
beotiuri qalaqidan #Ogchsto", romelic moxseniebulia Apoll. Rhod.-Tan
(3.1242).383 es personaJi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.
stirusi (Styrus)384 – albaneli sardali. SeiZleba davukavSiroT q.
stiras (Stuvra) evbeas samxr.-das. sanapiroze (Il. 2, 539) an herodotosTan
dadasturebul eTnonims Sturei'" (Her. 8. 1) Stureve" (Her. 6, 107). es personaJi
SeiZleba SevadaroT vergiliusis turnuss, rac safuZvels gvaZlevs
vifiqroT, rom flakusis inspiraciis wyaro am personaJis Seqmnisas
swored igi iyo. stirusi SavizRvispireTTan dakavSirebiT arcerT sxva
avtorTan ar dasturdeba.
harpe (Harpe)385 – amaZoni meomari qali. Harp- elementi antikur ono-
mastikaSi sakmaod gavrcelebulia. harpe rogorc amaZonis saxeli, mxo-
lod flakusTan gvxvdeba. amdenad, igi mis mier Seqmnili personaJi unda
iyos.
hipetaoni (Hypetaon)386 – kolxi meomari. ar aris gamoricxuli, am
SemTxvevaSi flakusi saxels ori komponentidan hyp- antikur onoma-
stikaSi gavrcelebuli elementiT da -taon bolosarTiT awarmoebdes.
hipetaoni sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.
3.4. Trakiuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi
380 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6.250-251.

382 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 256.
384 Val. Flacc. Arg. 3. 492-497, 5. 459-460, 6. 266-278, 8. 298-305, 328-368.
385 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 375-6.
386 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 637.
216
odrusa (Odrussa)387 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia. es
aRmosavluri warmoSobis saxeli sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo anti-
kurobaSi. pliniusis mixedviT, arsebobda aseTi saxelwodebis Trakiuli
tomi (Plin. Nat. 4.40: Odrysarum gens fundit Hebrum, ix. Lenk, B., Odrysai, RE, XVII 2,
1900-1903). stef. bizantielis mixedviT, #Odrusa odrisebis qalaqia, !Odruvsh"
ki md. rindakusis Senakadi misiaSi (Strab. 12, 550 . 551; Xen. An. 7, 5, 1; D. Per. 793,
ix. Ruge, W., RE, XVII 2, 1903-1904). hesiqiosis Tanaxmad, ase iwodeboda skvi-
Tebis mefe (Hesych. Miles. fr. 4, 14).388 flakusi am gavrcelebul saxels
Tavisi gamogonili personaJisTvis iyenebs da mas gansxvavebulad awar-
moebs -a sufiqsiT.
suetesi (Suetes)389 – skviTi meomari. sxva wyaro mas ar ixseniebs.390
saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. a. heereni mxars uWers Sraderis koni-
unqturas Seuthen, ramdenadac Seuthes dasturdeba rogorc samefo saxeli
odrisul TrakiaSi (Thuc. 2.97; Xen. An. 7.1.5; Liv. 42.51.10).391
3.5. skviTuri da Crd. SavizRvispireTis onomastikuri elementebis

kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi
avxusi (Auchus)392 – persesis mokavSire. kimerieli sardali. ВДИ-is
komentatori am saxels ukavSirebs avxatebis toms (Plin. Nat. 6.22), rom-
lebic, herodotosis Tanaxmad (IV 6), pirveli skviTis, targiteosis vaJis,
lipoqseosisgan iReben dasabams.393 avxusi / avxatebi – aseTi tipis mona-
cvleobis sailustraciod SesaZloa sxva magaliTebis moyvanac: Anasi /
Anausis, Colaxais / Colaxes, Tyra / Tyras, Bastarnae / Batarnae, Thyssagetes / Thyrsagetes.
avxusi, rogorc kimerieli personaJi, mxolod flakusTan dasturdeba.
savaraudod, igi mis mier Seqmnili figura unda iyos.394
ariasmenusi (Ariasmenus)395 – persesis mokavSire, skviTi meomari. ВДИ-
is komentatori am saxels ukavSirebs arimaspebis toms396, romlebic dran-
387 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 594-5.

389 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 550.
390 Türk, Suetes, RE, IV A.1, 591.
392 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6.60, 619.
393 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345; Tomaschek, Auchatai, RE, II 2, 2268.
395 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 103-105, 386-426.
217
gebisa da araxosiebs Soris saxlobdnen (Arr. Anab. III, 27, 4).397 sxva wyaro
ariasmenuss ar ixseniebs.398 ar aris gamoricxuli, am SemTxvevaSi flakusi
saxels ori komponentidan aria(s)- (aria – ase ewodeboda Tanamedrove
irans) da meno- bolosarTiT awarmoebdes.
arinesi (Arines)399 – kolxi meomari. flakusi, SesaZloa, iyenebdes
Zveli samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebul arin- elements. igi aseve
SesaZloa davukavSiroT punikur simagres arines (Liv. 26.49.5) an erT-erTi
dakiuri mdinaris saxelwodebas.400
kaspiusi (Caspius)401 – skviTi meomari. flakusi, rogorc Cans, saxelis
warmoebisas sxva wyaroebSi farTod dadasturebul toponims an eTnonims
iyenebs. igi moixseniebs agreTve skviTur toms, kaspiadebs (6.107).402 kaspi-
usi, rogorc skviTi gmiri, mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba, savaraudod, igi
mis mier gamogonili personaJi unda iyos.403
kolaqsesi (Colaxes)404 – persesis mokavSire skviTi sardali. ВДИ-is
komentatoris mixedviT, saxelis warmoebisas, flakusi, SesaZloa
herodotosiseul kolaqsaiss iyenebs, romelic skviTiis pirveli mefe iyo
(Her. IV, 5).405 formaTa aseTi monacvleobis sailustraciod SesaZloa sxva
magaliTebis moyvanac: Anasi / Anausis, Auchates / Auchus, Tyra / Tyras, Bastarnae /
Batarnae, Thyssagetes / Thyrsagetes. saxeli aseve SeiZleba davukavSiroT
kolebisa da kolxebis saxeldebas.406
mirakesi (Myraces)407 – parTeli elCi kolxidaSi. igi SeiZleba
davukavSiroT flakusTan dadasturebul amave saxelwodebis md. mirakes,
romlis maxlobladac iSva skviTi mebrZoli kolaqsesi (6. 50). ВДИ-is ko-
mentatoris mixedviT, es saxeli unda SevupirispiroT ptolemaiosis
396 Wernicke, Arimaspoi, RE, II 1, 826.

399 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 638;
401
Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 189-192.
402 Tomaschek, Caspiae, RE, III.2, 1654.
404 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 48, 621, 646.
407
Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 690, 717.
218
tamirakes (tamirake (Geogr. III, 5, 2) iyo qalaqi skviTiaSi, aseve koncxi
hileaSi (Sdr. Tmolus (Timolus) Timorus Strab. 7.7.11) da aseve mirgetebis tomis
saxeldebas (Hec. fr. 155). ramdenadac parTeli mirakesი sxva avtorebTan ar
gvxvdeba, unda vivaraudoT, rom es personaJi flakusma Seqmna.408
olbusi (Olbus)409 – kolxi meomari. aRsaniSnavia, rom dasturdeba am
saxelwodebis (!Olbiva) qalaqi evropul sarmatiaSi, hipanisis marjvena sana-
piroze. sxva cnobebis mixedviT, ase iwodeboda mdinare borisTenesTan.
flakusi, rogorc Cans, am saxelwodebis mixedviTYawarmoebs mamakaci per-
sonaJis saxels -us sufiqsis darTviT. es figura sxva avtorebTan ar
dasturdeba.
rifevsi (Ripheus)410 – kolxi meomari. flakusi saxelis warmoebisas,
SesaZloa, iyenebdes Zveli samyaros onomastikaSi gavrcelebul Riph-/Rhip
elements. Sittig-is Tanaxmad (RE, I A.1, 921), flakuss es saxeli unda Seeqmna
geogr. punqtis Riphaei montes mixedviT, rac uSualod flakusTanac
saxeldeba ramdenimegzis (2. 516, 5. 558, 602, 6. 33, 119, 7. 562; Sdr. aseve Serv.
Aen. IX 82),411 Tumca, unda SevniSnoT, rom flakusis inspiraciis wyaros
SesaZloa uSualod vergiliusi warmoadgenda, ramdenadac èneadaSi~ am
saxels atarebs erT-erTi troeli gmiri (II 339, Sdr. aseve sxva troeli
gmiric II 334. 426 ekvivalenturi Riph-//Rhipeus formiT, Sdr. ovidiusTan
erT-erTi kentavris saxeli Ov. Met. XII 352). skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT es
personaJi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba. albaT, rifevsi flakusis mier
gamogonili personaJia.
taqsesi (Taxes)412 – skviTi meomari. savaraudod, igi SeiZleba
davukavSiroT skviTebis mefe Tavxaki"-is saxels, romelic herodotosTan
gvxvdeba (Her. 4.120) an hidronims TrakiaSi (Tavxo"); saxelis warmoebisTvis
Sdr. aseve otaqsesi (Val. Flacc. 6. 529).413

409 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 638.
410 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 557-62.
411
H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 216; Sdr. Sittig, Ripheus, RE, I A.1, 921.
412
Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 252-7.
219
tevtagonusi (Teutagonus)414 – persesis mokavSire skviTi sardali. sa-
xelis warmomavloba ucnobia. saxeli Sedgeba ori komponentisagan: teuvta
(Sdr. Teutamus (Hom.Il.2.840) da -govno" bolosarTisgan. a. heereni marTebulad
aRniSnavs, rom teuto- TavsarTiT dawyebuli saxelebi germanuli an
galuri warmomavlobisaa, teuta-Ti ki – berZnuli.415 tevtagonusi Crd.
SavizRvispireTTan dakavSirebiT sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.416
tiresi (Tyres)417 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. flakusi mo-
ixseniebs msgavsi saxelwodebis mdinares sarmatiaSi Tyra // Tyres (dnestri)
da, savsebiT SesaZloa, rom saxels swored am hidronimidan awarmoebdes.
skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT tiresi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.418
pevkoni (Peucon)419 – geteli meomari. rac Seexeba saxelis warmoma-
vlobas, am fuZidan nawarmoebi derivatebi sakmaod gavrcelebulia
antikur onomastikaSi (Peukai'oi – xalxi iapigiaSi, St. B.; Peukeuv" – herakles
epiTeti, Lyc. 663; Peuvkh – kunZuli misiaSi, Arr. An. 1, 2, 2, Apoll. Rhod. 4, 309;
Peu'kai, Zos. 1, 42; istrosis samxr. Senakadi, Ptol. 3, 10, 2; mTebi evropul
sarmatiaSi, Ptol. 3, 5, 15). es formativi uSualod flakusTanac gvxvdeba ro-
gorc mdedr. sq. saxeli pevke, romelic erT-erTi nimfis (8. 256) da
imavdroulad kunZulis aRmniSvneli saxelicaa (8. 217, 8. 293, 8. 376).
Sesabamisad, flakusi am mamakaci personaJis saxels -on sufiqsis darTviT
awarmoebs da igi am formiT mxolod masTan dasturdeba.420
sidoni (Sidon)421 – skviTi meomari. ВДИ-is komentatoris mixedviT, es
saxeli unda davukavSiroT meotiis erT-erT toms, sindebs, romlebsac
apolonios rodoseli moixseniebs (Apoll. Rhod. IV 322), Tumca es uka-
naskneli sindebs urevs Trakiel sidonebSi.422 aseve SesaZloa am saxelis
dakavSireba finikiis uZvelesi qalaqis saxelwodebasTan Sidwvn (Od. 15, 425;
Scyl. 104; Strab. 16, 756; Verg. Aen. I 446, 613), romelsac TviT flakusic

417
419 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 563-9.
421
220
axsenebs, saxeldobr ki, am saxelisgan nawarmoeb adieqtivur formas
Sidonicus (6. 95). ramdenadac es saxeli skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT sxva avto-
rebTan ar gvxvdeba, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom es personaJi flakusis
mier aris gamogonili.423
hipanisi (Hypanis)424 – skviTi meomari. savaraudod, igi SeiZleba
davukavSiroT md. hipaniss, borisTenesis did Senakads evropul sarmati-
aSi (Her. 4. 52, Sdr. aseve Val. Flacc. 4. 710, 6. 147). stefane bizantielis
Tanaxmad, amave saxelwodebis qalaqi arsebobda pontossa da meotiss
Soris.425 aseve savsebiT SesaZloa, rom am personaJis Seqmnisas flakusis
inspiraciis wyaros vergiliusi warmoadgenda. masTan am saxeliT erT-
erTi troeli mebrZoli moixsenieba (Aen. II 340, 428). skviTiasTan dakavSi-
rebiT hipanisi mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba, albaT, igi mis mier
Seqmnili figuraa.
hora (Hora)426 – skviTi qalRvTaeba. kolaqsesis deda. saxelis
warmomavloba ucnobia, ВДИ-is komentatoris mixedviT, SesaZloa, is davu-
kavSiroT artemisis epiTets @Wraiva, rac pireosSic aris epigrafikulad
dadasturebuli. herodotosi (4.59) moixseniebs, rom skviTebi Tayvans
scemdnen skviTebis umaRles RvTaebas @Istivhn me;n mavlista (skviTurad
Tabitiv).427 ovidiusTan ase iwodeba hersilie, mas Semdeg, rac igi qalRmer-
Ti gaxda (Ov. Met. 14.850). aseTi saxelwodebis nimfa skviTiasTan dakavSire-
biT mxolod flakusTan dasturdeba.428
3.6. winaaziuri onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi

armisi (Armis)429 – skviTi meomari. sxva wyaro armiss ar ixseniebs.
saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. SesaZloa, flakusi saxelis warmoebisas
an laT. arm- ìaraRis~ mniSvnelobis mqone elements an winaaziur
onomastikaSi gavrcelebul arm- fuZes iyenebs. gronoviusi da heinsiusi
423 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 45-46; Honigmann, Sidon, RE, II A.2, 2216-2229, Gressmann, RE, II A.2,
2229-2230.
424 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 252-5.
425 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 112; Kiessling, Hypanis, RE, IX.1, 210-230.
429 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 530-541.
221
upiratesobas aniWeben Armes formas, ramdenadac mas advilad ukavSireben
armenias.430
rambelusi (Rambelus)431 – skviTi meomari. SesaZloa, flakusi
iyenebdes antikuri epoqis onomastikaSi dadasturebul ramb- elements:
Sdr. @Rambai'oi – nomad. xalxi siriaSi (Strab. 16.2.10); @Rambavka" oJ Mh'do" (Xen.
Cyrop. 5.3.42), maSin roca @Rambavkia sofelia beluxistanSi (Arr. Anab. Alex.
6.21.5).432
kampesusi (Campesus)433 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia.
SesaZloa, es aRmosavluri warmoSobis saxeli davukavSiroT adgils
kapadokiaSi, romelsac Kavmpai ewodeba.434 aseve SesaZloa flakusi an anti-
kuri epoqis onomastikaSi farTod gavrcelebul camp- elements iyenebs
(Sdr. miTiuri urCxulis saxeli Kamphv, Apollod. I 2, 1, Kroll, RE, 10.1842) an e.
w. metyvel saxels laT. campus `mindori~ formatividan awarmoebs da
gvTavazobs misgan -esus daboloebiT formirebul mamakacis saxels, rome-
lic sxva wyaroSi ar gvxvdeba.
karesusi (Caresus)435 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmomavloba
ucnobia. igi SesaZloa davukavSiroT amave saxelwodebis mdinares tro-
aSi Kavrhso" ƒ Karessov" (Il. 12, 20).436 sxva wyaro karesuss skviTiasTan
dakavSirebiT ar ixseniebs.
karmeiusi (Carmeius)437 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia. es
aRmosavluri warmoSobis saxeli SesaZloa davukavSiroT pliniusTan
dadasturebul formas Carmei (Plin. n. h. 6. 157: Minaei ..., quorum Carmei) da
davuSvaT, rom swored es avtori warmoadgenda flakusis wyaros.438
kremedoni (Cremedon)439 – albaneli meomari. igi SesaZloa
davukavSiroT pontosSi arsebul qalaqs Krevmh; Sdr. staciusTan dada-

431 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 529.
433 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 593, 6. 243-4.
435 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 192-4.
437 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 578-83.
439 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 194.
222
sturebuli saxeli Chremetaon (Stat. Theb. 7.712: falcato... Chremetaona curru).440
albaneli kremedoni sxva wyaroSi ar dasturdeba.
prioni (Prion)441 – geteli meomari. saxelis warmoebisas, SesaZloa
flakusi iyenebs antikur onomastikaSi dadasturebul leqsikur for-
mativs (adgili libiaSi Pol. 1, 85; mdinare arabeTis samx. sanapiroze Ptol. 6,
7, 10. 13; mdinare indoeTSi Steph. Byz.; mTa sardesSi Pol. 7, 15; mTa kunZul
qiosze Plin. n. h. 5, 31, 36), riTac uneburad afarTovebs Crd. SavizRvispire-
Tis onomastikas.
3.7. sparsuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi

barisasi (Barisas)442 – skviTi meomari. warmoebisas flakusi, Sesa-
Zloa, iyenebdes Zveli samyaros onomastikaSi farTod gavrcelebul baris-
formativs. Bavri" ewodeba qalRmerTs ekbatanaSi (PGE); aseve gvxvdeba
msgavsi fuZis sparsuli saxeli Barivssh" (Ctesias, FHG 688.F 13.16).443 skvi-
TiasTan dakavSirebiT es saxeli sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.
darapsi (Daraps)444 – skviTi sardali. ВДИ-is komentatoris mixedviT,
es saxeli SavizRvispireTTan dakavSirebiT sxva avtorebTan ar
dasturdeba. SeiZleba paraleli gavavloT sparseTis mefe darios I-isa
da misi navarqosis datisis saxelebTan, romelic Zv. w. V s-Si sparsul
flots meTaurobda. aseve SesaZloa, es saxeli davukavSiroTY baqtriul
qalaqs darapsas (Davraya), romelic strabonTan moixsenieba (11.11.2).445
datisi (Datis)446 – skviTi sardali. ВДИ-is komentatori am saxels,
ramdenadac igi SaviszRvispireTisaTvis sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba,
ukavSirebs sparseTis mefe darios I-is navarqoss datiss, romelic Zv. w.
V s-Si meTaurobda sparsul flots.447
voraptusi (Voraptus)448 – iazigi. gesanderis mama. saxelis warmomav-
loba ucnobia. SesaZloa, aq moiazrebodes amave saxelwodebis aRmosav-

441 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 619.
442 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 557.
444
Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 65-66, 572.
445 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 44; Tomaschek, Darapsa, RE, IV.2, 2152; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345.
447 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 44; Swoboda, Datis, RE, IV.2, 2227-2229; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345.
448 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 288-291.
223
luri mdinare, romelic CvenTvis ucnobia. PGE-Si vxvdebiT msgavsi
saxelwodebis kunZuls sparseTis yureSi Oujorovcqa.449
iaqsartesi (Iaxartes)450 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia.
igi, savaraudod, nawarmoebia hidronimidan !Iaxavrth" (md. sogdianeSi),
romelic kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineboda da xSirad urevdnen mas tanaisSi
(Strab. 11, 507-518; Plin. Nat. 6.49); arianosis (Arr. An. 3, 30, 7) Tanaxmad, es mdinare
moiazreba kavkasiaSi (amJ. Hindu Kush), saidanac warmodgeba erT-erTi tomis
saxelwodeba Iaxartae.451
oxevsi (Ocheus)452 – skviTi meomari. SesaZloa, flakusi saxels
awarmoebs och- fuZisagan, mag. Ochos-is, artaqserqses III-is epiTetis
mixedviT (Diod. Sic. 17.5.3; Plut. Alex. 69), (Sdr. md. iranSi) da urTavs mas -eus
sufiqss (Sdr. Ocreus, Oncheus).453 flakusTan vxvdebiT amave Zirisgan
nawarmoeb saxels erT-erTi kizikieli gmirisaTvis; am SemTxvevaSi saxeli
-us sufiqsiT aris gaformebuli: Ochus (3. 148). sxva wyaroSi oxevsi
skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT ar dasturdeba.
xoaspesi (Choaspes)454 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia.
SesaZloa, saxeli davukavSiroT md. xoaspess (Coavsph") susianaSi (Her. 1,
188); gadmocemis Tanaxmad, sparseli mefeebi da parTeli monarqebi am
mdinaris wyals svamdnen (Sdr. [Tib]. Pan. Mess. 3.7.140: regia lympha Choaspes; Plin.
Nat. 31.35: Parthorum reges ex Choaspe et Eulaeo tantum bibunt). amave saxelwodebas
atarebs md. indoeTSi (Strab. 15, 697). Sdr. aseve hanibalis erT-erTi
afrikeli mokavSiris saxeli (Sil. 3.317). skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT xoaspesi
mxolod flakusTan dasturdeba.455
3.8. egvipturi onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi

sienesi (Syenes)456 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. saxelis
warmomavloba ucnobia. savaraudod, SeiZleba igi davukavSiroT qalaqs
Suhvnh-s egviptis samxr. sazRvarze (Her. 2, 28; Ov. Pont. 1.5.79: calidae ... Syenae;

450 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 596-604.
451 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 270; Herrman, Iaxartes, RE, IX, 1181.
452 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 200.
454 Flacc. Arg. 5. 584-6.
455 Tomaschek, Choaspes, RE, III.2, 2355; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 273.
456 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 74, 6. 703.
224
Luc. 8.851: exustam Cancro torrente Syenen). h. vismani iziarebs àrgonavtikis~
erT-erT xelnawerSi dacul koniunqturas Sirenem, rac SesaZlebels xdis,
rom es saxeli davukavSiroT erT-erTi tomis saxelwodebas Sivrake" (Strab.
11.5.8), (Sdr. Sirakoiv Strab. 11.2.1; Siraci Plin. Nat. 4.83, Tac. Ann. 12.15, 12.16; Sdr.
aseve Siravcoi, Sirakhnoiv, rac nawarmoebia q. Sirakhnhv-dan Strab. 11.51.2). Savi-
zRvispireTTan dakavSirebiT es saxeli sxva avtorebTan ar gvxvdeba.457
3.9. induri onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi
koastesi (Coastes)458 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. ВДИ-is
komentatoris mixedviT, igi SeiZleba davukavSiroT md. koass Crd.-das.
indoeTSi (Ptol. Geogr. VI, 18, 2),459 Sesabamisad, flakusi Tavisda uneburad
afarToebs Crd. SavizRvispireTis nomenklaturas. Tu flakusis àrgonav-
tikis~ konteqsts gaviTvaliswinebT, aSkarad niSandoblivia am saxelis
semantikac, misi dakavSireba berZnul formativTan kw'a", rac `sawmiss~
niSnavs.460
3.10. frigiuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi

rindakusi (Rhyndacus)461 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmoebasTan da-
kavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom flakusi amave saxelwodebis mdinares
moixseniebs (3. 35), romelic frigiaSi lokalizdeba462 da, SesaZloa, rom
swored am hidronimisgan awarmoebdes am saxels. sxva avtorebTan
rindakusi skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT ar gvxvdeba.463
3.11. parTuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi

monesesi (Moneses)464 – kolxi meomari. am saxeldebiT araerTi per-
sonaJi dasturdeba antikur wyaroebSi (App. Parth. p. 93; Hor. Od. 3, 6, 9; Lob.
Path. 430); igi flakusis Semdgomdroindel tradiciaSic gvxvdeba
sxvadasxva avtorTan parTeli personaJebis, kerZod, parTeli mefis

458 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 155-9.
461 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 219-221.
462 Bürchner, Ryndacus, RE, I A.1, 1286.
464 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 189-192.
225
Monaivsh" aRsaniSnavad (Plut. Ant. 37, 46; D. Cass. 49, 23, 62, 20).465 unda SevniSnoT,
rom flakusi paralelurad moixseniebs sxva kolx personaJsac Monesus.
monesusi (Monesus)466 – kolxi meomari. rac Seexeba saxelis warmo-
ebas, flakusTan vxvdebiT amave fuZis sakuTar saxels Moneses, rac sakmaod
gavrcelebuli saxeldebaa antikur onomastikaSi parTeli mefeebis aRsa-
niSnavad da uSualod flakusTanac dasturdeba, Tumca, kolxi
personaJisaTvis (Sdr. 6. 189);467 rogorc Cans, flakusi am SemTxvevaSi,
mones- fuZes -us saxelis mawarmoebeli sufiqsiT aformebs.
3.12. kavkasiur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli saxelebi

aq warmodgenil personaJTagan nawilis saxeldeba flakusamdeli
tradiciisaTvisac aris cnobili: aia, kavkasusi, fasisi, nawili ki: kirisi,
otakesi, otaqsesi da radalusi flakusis gamogonili figurebia.
aia (Aea)468 – kolxi nimfa. savaraudod, berZnuli warmomavlobis es
miTi mxolod flakusTan figurirebs. aiac, rogorc kolxi nimfa, mxo-
lod masTan gvxvdeba. saxeli aia ukavSirdeba kolxidis sinonimis, aias
saxels (Her. 1, 2; Apoll. Rhod. II 419; Mimn. ep. 10).469 is, rogorc Cans, am mxaris
Tu qalaqis eponimad gaiazreboda.470
kavkasusi (Caucasus)471 – kolxi mwyemsi. Tidrusis mama. flakusis
mixedviT, kavkasusis mier, romelic, Cveulebisamebr, mamiseul faras
mwyemsavda, md. fasisis napirebTan Caisaxa Tidrusi (6. 639-43); es personaJi
plutarqosTanac gvxvdeba da igi ukavSirdeba mTas,472 romelsac swored
am mwyemsis mixedviT kavkasosi ewoda da am mTis eponimad moiazreboda:
`...xolo kavkasioni Semdegi garemoebis gamo ewoda. gigantebTan brZolis
Semdeg zevsis muqaras gamoqceulma kronosma “boreasis sarecels” Se-
afara Tavi da niangad qceuli iq imaleboda. magram [promeTem], romelmac
erTi adgilobrivi mcxovrebi – mwyemsi kavkasosi mokla da misi Signeu-
loba gamoikvlia, Tqva, rom mtrebi Sors ar iyvnen. aq mosulma zevsma

466 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 650-1.
467 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 92, 251.
468 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 425-428.
469 Escher, Aia, RE, I.1, 919-920.
470 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 344; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 207-208.
471
Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 639-43.
472 Patsch, Caucasus mons, RE, III.2; 1801.
226
mama dagrexili matyliT Sekra da qvesknelSi Caagdo. mTas ki mwyemsis
pativsacemad daarqva kavkasosi, mas miajaWva promeTe da aiZula, daeTmina
tanjva – RviZls ukortnida arwivi mwyemsis gul-RviZlisTvis miyenebuli
Seuracxyofis gamo. ase gadmogvcems kleanTesi “Teomaqiis” III wignSi.~
(Plut. fluv. 5, 3).
fasisi (Phasis)473 – mdinaris RmerTi. flakusis mixedviT, fasisisa da
aias ambavi, sxva suraTebTan erTad, gamosaxuli iyo kolxidaSi solis
(heliosis) taZarSi (5. 407-454). savaraudod, berZn. warmomavlobis es miTi
mxolod flakusTan figurirebs. saxeli fasisi ukavSirdeba kolxidis
cnobili mdinaris saxels.474 fasisi, rogorc Cans, am mdinaris eponimad
gaiazreboda.475
kirisi (Ciris//Cyris)476 – persesis mokavSire hirkanieli sardali. ВДИ-is
komentatoris mixedviT, SesaZloa, es saxeli md. kiross davukavSiroT
(Plin. 6.26: Cyrus oritur; Strab. 1.3.21).477 kirisi swored am mdinaris RvTaeba unda
yofiliyo, saxelic da epiTetic mis RvTiur warmomavlobaze miuTiTebs.
epiTeti Titanius gvafiqrebinebs, rom aq swored am mdinaris RvTaeba ivara-
udeba. es epiTeti SeiZleba daukavSirdes termins titans (heliosi,
promeTe, kirke Titanis), rasac is faqtic amyarebs, rom Cyrus sparsulad
`mzes~ niSnavs (Plut. Artax. 1.2; Hesych. s.v. Ku'ro"). es termini aseve SeiZleba
davukavSiroT kolxidis mdinares, titeniss; rogorc cnobilia, ukve
apolonios rodoseli uwodebs aias titeniurs (Sdr. Val. Flacc. Aen. 5.463).
sxva wyaro hirkaniel kiriss ar ixseniebs.478
otakesi (Otaces)479 – persesis mokavSire iberieli sardali. ВДИ-is
komentatoris mixedviT, es saxeli SeiZleba davukavSiroT olTakess,
romelic an kolxebis sardali iyo (App. Mithr. 117) an dandariebisa (Plut.
Luc. 16). aseve SesaZloa misi dakavSireba sparsul saxelTan – otanesTan
(Herod. 3.68 ff., 5.25 ff., 7.40 ff.).480
473
Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 425-428.
474 Diehl, E., Phasis, RE, XIX.2, 1886-1893; 3. SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 344.
475 O. Lordkipanidze, Phasis. The River and the City in Colchis, Geographica Historica 15, Stuttgart 2000.
476
478 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 49; Ciris, Hoefer, RE, III.2, 2585.
479
480
H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 64; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.
227
otaqsesi (Otaxes)481 – skviTi meomari. es saxeli aSkara paralels
gviCvenebs otakesTan (skviTi personaJis saxeli flakusTan, 6. 121),
romelic ВДИ-is komentatoris mixedviT, SesaZloa davukavSiroT olTa-
kess; es ukanaskneli an kolxebis sardali iyo (App. Mithr. 117) an dandari-
ebisa (Plut. Luc. 16). saxelis warmoebisaTvis Sdr. aseve taqsesi (Val. Flacc. 6.
252).482
radalusi (Rhadalus)483 – persesis mokavSire skviTi sardali.
SesaZloa, flakusi iyenebdes antikuri epoqis onomastikaSi dadasture-
bul rhada-/rada- elements, Sdr. Radamistus (Tac. Ann. 12.44.3.ff), Rambelus (Val.
Flacc. 6.529). radalusi rogorc skviTi meomari, sxva avtorebTan ar
gvxvdeba.484
Tuki movindomebT zemoT warmodgenili msjelobis ganzogadebas

sqemis saxiT da imis dadgenas, Tu kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli ama Tu im
regionis gmirebi saxeldebis doneze ra intensivobiT warmogvidgebian ama
Tu im kategoriaSi, Cven amgvar suraTs miviRebT:485
481 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 529.

485 aqve gvinda SevniSnoT: im SemTxvevaSi, sadac xelT gvqonda ramdenime varianti ama
Tu im personaJis saxelis savaraudo warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, avirCieT CvenTvis yvelaze
sarwmuno versia da amis mixedviT mivakuTvneT saxeli Sesabamis jgufs.
228
warmomavloba met ant. ant. Tr skv. win spa egv. ind. fr par kavk
yv. a.vt on ak. Crd aaz. rs. on on ig. T. .
sax. . om. on .Sz on on om. om. on on sam
da da om. Rv. om. om. el el om. om. y.
das das el el el el em. em. el el dak
t. t. em. em. em. em. Seq Seq em. em. avS.
sax. sax Seq Seq Seq Seq mn. mn. Seq Seq sax.
mn. mn.O mn. mn. mn. mn.
kolxi 5 6 3 2 2 1
albaneli 1 1
amaZoni 4 1
skviTi 4 11 1 1 11 3 4 1 1 1 2
kimerieli 1 1
hirkanieli 3 1
iberieli 1 1
geti 1
alani 1
iazigi 1 1
parTeli 1
ucnobi warmo- 2 1 2 2
mavlobis
zemoT dasaxelebuli personaJebis saxeldebis kvlevisas Cveni yura-

dReba miipyro saintereso garemoebam: Tu flakusi Tavis gamogonil lem-
nosel da kizikiel gmirebs metwilad antikuri tradiciisaTvis cnobil
saxelebs arqmevs, kavkasieli da skviTi personaJebis mimarT igi sxvagvar
damokidebulebas avlens: is cdilobs, sxvadasxva warmomavlobis figure-
bi aSkarad ganirCeodnen erTmaneTisgan Tavisi saxeldebiTac; rogorc
kvlevam gviCvena, igi specialurad arCevs kavkasieli, skviTi, kolxi,
albaneli, hirkanieli, kimerieli, parTeli da a. S. personaJebisaTvis
saxelebs.
kavkasiel personaJTa saxelebis warmomavlobis kvlevisas gamoikv-
eTa ramdenime jgufi: e. w. metyveli saxelebi; antikur avtorebTan dadas-
turebuli saxelebi; antikuri samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebuli
elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi; Trakiul, skviTur da Crd.
229
SavizRvispireTis, winaaziur, sparsul, egviptur, indur, frigiul,
parTul onomastikaSi dadasturebuli elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili
saxelebi; kavkasiur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli saxelebi.
SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas, rom flakusTan saxelTa warmoebis
principTa sakmaod farTo speqtria warmodgenili: a) personaJTagan erTi
nawilis saxeldeba flakusis winamorbedi mwerlebis gavleniT unda iyos
inspirirebuli, aq SeiZleba davasaxeloT: homerosi, horaciusi, ovidiusi,
tacitusi da, ra Tqma unda, vergiliusi; yvelaze intensiurad flakusi
swored mas mimarTavs, magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia vaxsenoT: anqsuri,
amastrusi da a. S.; aqve unda gavamaxviloT yuradReba arcTu umniSvnelo
garemoebaze: winamorbedi avtorebis mixedviT saxeldebuli TiTqmis yvela
personaJis SemTxvevaSi flakusi iseT saxelebs arCevs, romlebic geogra-
fiuli arealis TvalsazrisiTac miesadagebian mis mier gamogonil
figurebs, a. m., garda imisa, rom hipanisi vergiliusTan erT-erT troel
gmirs hqvia da (savaraudod, misgan unda hqondes flakuss nasesxebi) es
saxeli, rogorc cnobilia, amave saxelwodebas atarebs borisTenesis
erT-erTi Senakadi da, amdenad, flakusi `SemTxveviT~ ar usadagebs am
saxels mis mier gamogonil skviT meomars; Sesabamisad, Tu sxva mraval
SemTxvevasac miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, SegviZlia darwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom
flakusi umeteswilad iTvaliswinebs geografiul konteqstsac; b)
personaJTa nawilis saxeldeba aSkarad metyvel saxelTa rigs
miekuTvneba, a. m., anavsisi, akvitesi da a. S.; g) ar SeiZleba calke ar
davasaxeloT tradiciiT cnobili saxelebi, romelTac mwerali Tavisi
poeturi amocanebis Sesabamisad usadagebs mis mier Seqmnil axal
personaJebs: mag., masTan eolidi friqsosis saxeliT gvxvdeba erT-erTi
skviTi sardali, argonavt zetesis saxeliT ki kolxi meomari
moixsenieba; d) saxelTa nawils avtori ama Tu im geografiuli punqtis,
hidronimis, oronimis mixedviT arCevs: aq unda aRvniSnoT, rom flakuss
aSkarad diferencirebuli damokidebuleba aqvs sxvadasxva warmomavlo-
bis personaJebisadmi. masTan dasaxelebulia 17 kolxi meomari: akvitesi,
apresi, arinesi, gesiTousi, dipsasi, Tidrusi, kaikusi, kirnusi, monesusi,
monesesi, oebasusi, okrevsi, olbusi, sibotesi, strimoni, zetesi,
hipetaoni; SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom arc erTi maTganis saxelis
230
SemTxvevaSi ar aris gamoyenebuli iseTi toponimi, hidronimi an oronimi,
romelic CrdiloeT an dasavleT SavizRvispireTTan aris dakavSirebuli,
maSin rodesac, skviTi meomrebis saxeldebis SemTxvevaSi xSirad vxvdebiT
iseT saxelebs, romelTac Sesatyvisobebi moeZebnebaT aRniSnuli regione-
bis geografiuli punqtebis saxiT, a. m., hipanisi, hebrusi, taqsesi, tiresi
da a. S.; e) sakmaod didia im saxelTa raodenoba, romlebic aSkarad
flakusis poeturi fantaziis nayofia; igi antikur an Zveli samyaros
onomastikaSi dadasturebul elementebs iRebs da sxvadasxva sufiqsebis
darTviT qmnis axal saxelebs: mag., idasmenusi, monesusi, tagesi da a. S.
rodesac kavkasieli personaJebis klasifikaciaze gvqonda msjelo-
ba, aRvniSneT, rom flakusi cdilobs, TiTqmis yvela personaJi erTma-
neTisagan ganmasxvavebeli StrixebiT warmogvidginos; masTan udavod
sxvagvarad arian daxasiaTebulni, erTi mxriv, kolxebi da, meore mxriv,
skviTebi, TavianTi gansxvavebuli garegnobisa Tu cxovrebis niris gamo,
iseve rogorc, Tavis mxriv aietisa da persesis mokavSire sardlebi.
flakusi gansakuTrebiT aqcevs yuradRebas imas, rom, elementaruli
eqsponirebis doneze mainc, esa Tu is personaJi mkiTxvelisaTvis
dasamaxsovrebeli gaxados, amas igi axerxebs ramdenime gziT: personaJebs
urCevs saguldagulod ama Tu im epiTets, gadmogvcems maT pirad Rirse-
bas Tu mankierebas, xazs usvams raime Strixs mis garegnobasa Tu
CacmulobaSi, agviwers maTi cxovrebis wesis amsaxvel detalebs, war-
mogvidgens ama Tu im personaJs romelime saintereso ambis konteqstSi
da, rac mTavaria, rogorc zemoT davrwmundiT, igi Tavis gamogonil per-
sonaJebs saguldagulod urCevs saxelebs da, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
Tavisda uneburad afarTovebs argonavtebis Tqmulebis kavkasiasTan da-
kavSirebul epizodebs axali e. w. kvazi miTologiuri saxeebiT.
231
daskvna
valerius flakusis àrgonavtika~ berZnuli Tqmulebebis erT-erTi

umniSvnelovanesi ciklis epikur damuSavebaSi aSkarad erT-erT saetapo
poemas warmoadgens. Cveni naSromis mizani iyo flakusis poemis kvleva
ramdenime aspeqtiT, romelTa Soris umTavress romaeli poetis e. w. kavka-
siuri Tematikis mimarT damokidebulebis kvleva warmoadgenda.
kvlevis Sedegebi amgvarad SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:
1. valerius flakusis SemoqmedebaSi didia rogorc tradiciisaTvis
angariSis gawevis, aseve novatorobis xvedriTi wili. tradiciuli
informaciis gaTvaliswineba vlindeba flakusis poemis ara mxolod
apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtikasTan~, aramed saerTod rogorc ber-
Znul, aseve romaul poetur da miTologiur tradiciasTan mimarTebaSi.
novatoroba Tavs iCens ramdenime mimarTulebiT: a) tradiciiT cnobili
epizodebis ganvrcoba-transformaciaSi; b) apolonios rodoselTan Seda-
rebiT centralur gmirTa xasiaTebis ufro reliefurad warmoCenasa da
iasonisaTvis gmirisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebis miniWebaSi;
yvelaze metad novatoroba vlindeba kavkasiis TematikasTan dakavSi-
rebuli epizodebis, motivebis, personaJebis ganvrcobasa Tu SeqmnaSi, rac
ramdenime ZiriTadi principiT xorcieldeba:
a) kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli epizodebis ganvrcoba: amas flakusi
aRwevs skviTebisa da kolxebis omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli epizodis
gansakuTrebuli aqcentirebiT; am epizodis poemaSi CarTviT man
sainteresod warmogvidgina kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi.
gacnobierebulad Tu gaucnobiereblad gviCvena kavkasiuri warmoSobis
xalxTa damokidebuleba erTmaneTTan, maTi adaT-wesebi zogadad regionis
da aseve am regionis calkeuli qveynebis doneze. masTan sakmaod
reliefurad aris warmodgenili, erTi mxriv, CrdiloeT SavizRvispireTi
(skviTia, hirkania, kimeria, meotisi), da, meore mxriv, samxr., da aRm.
SaviszRvispireTi: (kolxida, albania, amaZonia; aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT
aietis mokavSire sardlebi, romelTa warmomavlobas flakusi ar
azustebs, savaraudod, maTi saxiT sul cota Svidi arasaxeldebuli
mxare Tu qveyana unda igulisxmebodes);
232
b) kavkasiisa da misi mezobeli tomebis eqsponireba: am omSi monawi-
le tomebis sakmaod farTo speqtris warmodgeniT. e. w. Sidakavkasiur
konfliqtze yuradRebis gadatana flakusisaTvis sakmaod warmatebuli
saSualeba aris, rac SeiZleba masStaburad gviCvenos kavkasiisa Tu mis
mezoblad myofi tomebis panorama. flakuss mkafio warmodgena aqvs kavka-
siis eTnikuri simravlis Sesaxeb. man aietisa da persesis omis
konteqstSi poemaSi Semoiyvana sxvadasxva regionebis sardlebi da me-
omrebi: alanebi, henioxebi, bisaltebi, kimerielebi, gangaridebi, hirkani-
elebi, kolaletebi, sindebi, koralebi, batarnebi, drakantebi, kaspiadebi,
nevrebi, iazigebi, mikeebi, keseebi, arimaspebi, avxatebi, Tirsagetebi,
eqsomatebi, torinebi, satarxebi, kentorebi, xoaTrebi, balonitebi, mesi-
elebi, sarmatebi, savromatebi, gelonebi, iberielebi. maTi umetesoba
eqsponirebulia e. w. skviTebis katalogSi. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
uTmobs flakusi kolxebis warmomavlobis aRweras. am mizniT igi sakmaod
originalurad warmogvidgens solis taZars, romlis kedlebzec kolxTa
warmomavlobis suraTebia asaxuli. masTan gvxvdeba 30-mde tomi, romle-
bic ar figurirebs flakusamdel tradiciaSi argonavtebis TqmulebasTan
dakavSirebiT, maT Sesaxeb informacias flakusi, rogorc Cans, iRebs
elinisturi da postelinisturi istoriuli Tu geografiuli wyaroebi-
dan (straboni, pliniusi) an konfliqtSi monawile tomebs TviTon
igonebs, masTan 4 saerTod ucnobi tomi dasturdeba;
g) aiet-persesis konfliqtTan dakavSirebul epizodebSi personaJTa
sakmaod didi speqtris CarTva: konfliqtSi monawile 150-mde personaJidan
51 aris argonavti, danarCeni personaJebi kavkasiasa da misi mezobeli
qveynebis warmomadgenlebi, aqedan 85 personaJi ucnobia flakusamdeli
tradiciisaTvis, romelTagan 79 figura aietisa da persesis omis epizod-
Sia CarTuli da isini SeiZleba flakusis fantaziis nayofad miviCnioT.
2. flakusis poemaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs kavkasias-
Tan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxeldebis principebi. flakuss am per-
sonaJebisadmi aSkarad diferencirebuli damokidebuleba aqvs: is cdi-
lobs, sxvadasxva warmomavlobis figurebi aSkarad ganirCeodnen erTmane-
Tisgan ara marto maT Sesaxeb mowodebuli informaciiT, aramed saxelde-
bis donezec; rogorc kvlevam gviCvena, igi specialurad arCevs kavka-
233
sieli, skviTi, kolxi, albaneli, iberieli, hirkanieli, kimerieli, amaZoni,
parTeli da a. S. personaJebisaTvis saxelebs. garda im saxelebisa,
romlebic flakusma miiRo tradiciidan (friqsusi, zetesi), masTan
gvxvdeba savsebiT axali saxelebi, maT Soris gamoiyofa ramdenime jgufi:
e. w. metyveli saxelebi; antikuri samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebuli
elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi; Trakiul, skviTur da Crd.
SavizRvispireTis, winaaziur, sparsul, egviptur, indur, frigiul, par-
Tul onomastikaSi dadasturebuli elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili
saxelebi; kavkasiur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli saxelebi. savsebiT
aSkaraa, rom am saxelTa absoluturi umetesoba Seqmnilia TviTon poetis
mier.
3. valerius flakusTan kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis
ganvrcoba poemaSi ramdenime faqtoriT aris ganpirobebuli, romelTagan
umTavresia:
a) istoriuli realoba. am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba romis imperiis
sazRvrebis mniSvnelovani gafarToeba da misi interesebis sferoSi aRmo-
savleT SavizRvispireTis regionis moqceva. Sesabamisad, poeti tradi-
ciul miTs argonavtTa Sesaxeb, erTi mxriv, iyenebs romaelTa ltolvis
asasaxad axali Soreuli teritoriebisaken, xolo, meore mxriv, interesi-
sa im realobebis mimarT, rac am teritoriebze flakusis Tanamedrove
epoqaSi arsebobda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom im tomTa da personaJTa didi
umetesoba argonavtTa Tqmulebis berZnul versiebSi arc dasturdeba da
arc aris SesaZlebeli, rom dadasturdnen, radgan isini aSkarad
valerius flakusis poeturi fantaziis nayofad SeiZleba miviCnioT. amiT
igi, faqtobrivad, axdens apolonios rodoselis da sxva berZnuli wya-
roebis monacemebis erTgvar sinTezs im realur codnasTan, rac roma-
elebs gauCndaT maTi aRmosavleTiT eqspansiis Sedegad. Sesabamisad, Sei-
Zleba iTqvas, rom es personaJebi valerius flakuss sWirdeba Tavisi
informaciisaTvis kvaziistoriulobis misaniWeblad; garda amisa gasaTva-
liswinebelia romaeli epikosis aSkarad diferencirebuli damokidebu-
leba, erTi mxriv, geografiuli da, meore mxriv, naratiuli informaciis
mimarT: Tu kavkasiis regionebisa da sxvadasxva dasaxlebuli punqtis
aRwerisas igi realisturad warmosaxavs misTvis cnobil kavkasiis
234
geografias, naratiul sferoSi igi did Tavisuflebas avlens, rTavs ra
nawarmoebSi axal epizodebs da e. w. fsevdo-miTologiur personaJebs;
b) sakuTriv kavkasiis mimarT interesis gazrda. romis imperiisaTvis
erT-erT umniSvnelovanes strategiul amocanas warmoadgenda, erTi mxriv,
axali savaWro da sakomunikacio gzebis xelSi Cagdeba, xolo, meore
mxriv, im teritoriebis da gadasasvlelebis gamoyeneba, romelTa saSu-
alebiTac imperiisa da misi megobari qveynebis farglebs gareT mcxovrebi
nomaduri tomebi `romauli mSvidobis~ arealSi moqceul xalxebs prob-
lemebs Seuqmnidnen. Sesabamisad, flakusi asaxavs im suraTs, romelic
saerTod kavkasiaSi arsebul viTarebas SeiZleba gadmoscemdes. marTalia,
am mxriv istoriuli TvalsazrisiT SesaZloa igi araerT uzustobas
uSvebdes da erTmaneTis dapirispirebulad warmogvidgendes im xalxebsa
da maT warmomadgenlebs, romlebic zogjer marTlac mtrulad iyvnen
erTmaneTis mimarT ganwyobilni, zogjer ki mSvidobiani TanamezoblobiT
gamoirCeodnen. amiT poeti Sordeba istoriul sandoobas. samagierod igi
sakmaod adekvaturad gadmoscems kavkasiis regionis da mis mezoblad
mcxovrebTa mSfoTvare suls da mudmiv arastabilurobis safrTxes, ro-
melic aq SeiZleba arsebobdes;
g) flakusis survili, tradiciuli miTis epikuri damuSavebisas
iyos misi didi winamorbedi epikosebis mimdevari da amasTanave
novatoric. am SemTxvevaSi Cven vgulisxmobT rogorc homerosis, apolo-
nios rodoselis, vergiliusis da sxvaTa araerTi epizodisa da pasaJis
aSkara recefciis cdebs masTan, aramed aseve survils, xSir SemTxvevaSi
gavides tradiciuli informaciuli CarCoebidan da rogorc semantikuri,
aseve esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT novator poetad mogvevlinos. aqedan
gamomdinare, valerius flakusi, ukve epikuri Semoqmedebis doneze avlens
miTTa Txzvis SesaSur unars da amiT mniSvnelovnad amdidrebs argonav-
tebis Sesaxeb Tqmulebis kavkasiur epizods.
235
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137. M. Wacht, "Zur Motivierung der Handlung im Epos des Valerius" in M. Korn and H.J.
Tschiedel (ed.), Ratis omnia vincet. Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius
Flaccus, 101-120, Hildesheim 1991.
138. S. Wetzel, Die Gestalt der Medea bei Valerius Flaccus, Diss. Kiel 1957.
139. H. J.W. Wijsman, A Commentary Valerius Flaccus Argonautica, Book V. Leiden 1996.
140. H. J.W. Wijsman, A Commentary Valerius Flaccus Argonautica, Book VI. Leiden 2000.
141. U. v. Wilamowitz-Mölendorff, Hellenistische Dichtung II, Berlin 1924, 165.
statiebi enciklopediebidan: Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissen-

schaft (RE), Der Neue Pauly (DNP):
142. I. v. Bredov, Skythen, DNP, 11, 644-656.
143. Bürchner, Ryndacus, RE, I A.1, 1286.
144. Ciris, Hoefer, RE, III.2, 2585.
145. Diehl, E., Phasis, RE, XIX.2, 1886-1893.
146. Diehl, Phasis, RE, XIX.2, 1886-1893.
147. Escher, Aia, RE, I.1, 919-920.
148. Fluss, Koralloi, RE, XI. 2, 1377.
243
149. Fluss, Moesi, RE, XV. 2, 2347-2350.
150. Franke, Latris, RE, XII.1, 978.
151. Graef, Amazones, RE, I, II, 1755.
152. Gressmann, RE, II A.2, 2229-2230.
153. Gunning, Menippe, RE, XV.1 860-861.
154. Herrman, Iaxartes, RE, IX, 1181.
155. Herrmann, Maiotis, RE, XIV. 1, 590-592.
156. Herrmann, Mykoi, RE, XVI. 1, 1029.
157. Herrmann, Neuroi, RE, XVII. 1, 158-161.
158. Herrmann, Thyssagetai, RE, A. 1, 755.
159. Hoefer, Arron, RE, II 1, 1260.
160. Honigmann, Sidon, RE, II A.2, 2216-2229.
161. Ihm, Bastarnae, RE, III. 1, 110-113.
162. K. Kretschmer, Scythia, RE II A,1, 942-946.
163. Kiessling, Gandaridai, RE, VII. 1, 694-695.
164. Kiessling, Heniochi, RE, VIII, 259-280.
165. Kiessling, Hypanis, RE, IX.1, 210-230.
166. Kiessling, Hyrkania, RE, IX 1, 454-526.
167. Kiessling, s. v. ïHnivocoi, RE 8. 1, 259-280.
168. Lesky, Medeia, RE, XV 1, 30.
169. Oberhummer, Bisaltai, RE, III. 1, 499-500.
170. Oberhummer, Hebros, RE, VII.2, 2589-2590.
171. Oberhummer, Koilaletai, RE, XI. 1, 1049.
172. Patsch, Caucasus mons, RE, III.2 1801.
173. Patsch, Caucasus mons, RE, III.2; 1801.
174. W. Peek, Perses, RE, XIX 1, 973-974.
175. Plontke-Lüning, Heniochoi, DNP 5, 346-7.
176. Polaschek, Peuce, RE, XIX.2, 1384-1390.
177. O. Rossbach, Anxur, RE, I.2, 2652-2653.
178. Ruge, Sinope, RE, 3A. 1, 252-255.
179. Scherling, Taulas, RE, IV A.2, 2530.
180. L. Schmidt, V. Terentius, P. (Atacinus), DNP12/1.
181. Sittig, Ripheus, RE, I A.1, 921.
182. Swoboda, Datis, RE, IV.2, 2227-2229.
244
183. Tages, RE, IV A.2, 2009-2011.
184. Tomaschek, Ambenus mons, RE, I.2, 1797.
185. Tomaschek, Auchatai, RE, II, 2, 2268.
186. Tomaschek, Ballonoti, RE, II. 2, 2832.
187. Tomaschek, Caspiae, RE, III.2, 1654.
188. Tomaschek, Choaspes, RE, III.2, 2355
189. Tomaschek, Choatrae, RE, III. 2, 2355.
190. Tomaschek, Cissianti, RE, III. 2, 2590.
191. Tomaschek, Cyrni, RE, IV.2, 1943-1944.
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193. Tomaschek, Drangai, RE, V. 2, 1665-1667.
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195. Türk, Strymon, RE, IV A.1, 394.
196. Türk, Thoe, RE, VI A.1, 303.
197. Vulić, Iazyges, RE, IX. 1, 1189 S VI.
198. Wagner, Euryale, RE, VI.1, 1316-17.
199. Weicker, Henioche, RE, 8. 1, 258.
200. Weicker, Henioche, RE, VIII.1, 258.
201. Weissbach, Choatras, RE, III. 2, 2355.
202. Weissbach, Kentrites, RE, XI. 1, 181.
203. Weissbach, Kossaioi, RE, XI. 2, 1499-1503.
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245
danarTi
nawyvetebi valerius flakusis àrgonavtikidan~
I, 1-4 I, 1-4
Prima deum magnis canimus freta pervia natis vumReriT zRvebs, romlebic pirvelad
fatidicamque ratem, Scythici quae Phasidis oras RmerTTa didebulma vaJebma gadalaxes
da bedis mauwyebel xomalds, romelmac
ausa sequi mediosque inter iuga concita cursus skviTuri fasisis napirebis Cavla gabeda,
rumpere flammifero tandem consedit Olympo. moZrav kldeTa Soris swrafad gaikvala
gza da sabolood cecxlovan olimposze
daisadgura.
I, 40-63 I, 40-63
'hanc mihi militiam, veterum quae pulchrior actis, `gamiwie samsaxuri, romelic winaparTa
saqmeebs aRemateba da gulisyuriT moeki-
adnue daque animum. nostri de sanguine Phrixus
de. ukve gsmenia, Tu rogor gaeqca mamise-
Cretheos ut patrias audis effugerit aras. ul samsxverplos friqsusi, Cveni kreTe-
hunc ferus Aeetes, Scythiam Phasinque rigentem vsis sisxlisa. igi mrisxane aietma, ro-
melic skviTias da yinulovan fasiss ga-
qui colit – heu magni Solis pudor! –, hospita vina nagebs, – hoi, sircxvilo dido mzisao! –
inter et attonitae mactat sollemnia mensae msxverpliviT dakla samaspinZlo Rvino-
ebs Soris, amis Semswre menadimeTa Sesa-
nil nostri divumque memor. non nuntia tantum Sineblad, dagviviwya Cvenca da RmerTnic.
fama refert: ipsum iuvenem tam saeva gementem, es ambavi monaWori ar gegonos. roca
gvianobiT Tvlemas miecema Cemi dauZlu-
ipsum ego, cum serus fessos sopor alligat artus,
rebuli sxeuli, vxedav xolme am ymawv-
aspicio, lacera adsiduis namque illius umbra ils, saSinlad rom godebs RamiT, radgan
questibus et magni numen maris excitat Helle. gamudmebiT sayvedurebiT maRviZebs misi
dasaxiCrebuli aCrdili da helec, didi
si mihi quae quondam vires, et pendere poenas zRvis RvTaebac. uwindeburad Zala rom
Colchida iam et regis caput hic atque arma videres. Semwevdes, ukve ixilavdi kolxidas das-
jils, mefis Tavsac da aRWurvilobas. Ja-
olim annis ille ardor hebet necdum mea proles mTa svlam daacxro Cemi mgznebareba, Cemi
imperio et belli rebus matura marique. memkvidre ki jer ar momwifebula mmar-
TvelobisaTvis, saomari saqmeebisa da
tu, cui iam curaeque vigent animique viriles, naosnobisaTvis. Sen, romelsac ukve Zala
i, decus, et pecoris Nephelaei vellera Graio gerCis, wadi da kvlav daubrune berZnul
taZars sawmisi nefeles cxovelisa, Rir-
redde tholo ac tantis temet dignare periclis!'
sad Seracxe Tavi am safrTxisaTvis~. ase
talibus hortatur iuvenem propiorque iubenti aqezebda igi ymawvils, rac ufro brZa-
conticuit certus Scythico concurrere ponto nebas hgavda, is ki ganzrax ar uTqvams,
ueWvelad rac uwyoda, rom skviTiis
Cyaneas tantoque silet possessa dracone zRvaSi kianeebi erTmaneTs ejaxebian da
vellera, multifidas regis quem filia linguas rom sawmiss iseTi Zlieri drakoni dara-
jobs, romelsac mravlad dayofili eneb-
vibrantem ex adytis cantu dapibusque vocabat iT mosisines, jadosnuri galobiTa da
et dabat externo liventia mella veneno. nugbariT ixmobda siRrmidan mefis asuli
da awvdida Tafls, Sezavebuls ucxouri
SxamiT, ris gamoc mas molurjo feri
dahkravda.
246
IV, 599-625 IV, 599-625
risTvisRa mogaxseno Sen RrubliT mosi-
quid tibi nubifera surgentem rupe Carambin,
li, klded aRmarTuli karambisis Sesa-
quid memorem quas Iris aquas aut torqueat Ancon? xeb, aseve wylebis Sesaxeb, romelTac
proxima Thermodon hinc iam secat arva – memento – irisi an ankoni atrialebs? aqedan axlo-
mdebare mindvrebs ukve Termodoni kve-
inclita Amazonidum magnoque exorta Gradivo Ts; gaxsovdes, iq didi gradivusisgan wa-
gens ibi: femineas nec tu nunc crede catervas, rmomavali saxelganTqmuli xalxi – ama-
zonebi saxloben; nu gegoneba, rom qalTa
sed qualis, sed quanta viris insultat Enyo razmia oden, aramed iseTebi arian, ro-
divaque Gorgonei gestatrix innuba monstri. goric enio, kacebs abuCad rom igdebs da
iseTebi, rogoric RvTaebrivi da umanko
ne tibi tunc horrenda rapax ad litora puppem
qalwuli, gorgonas urCxulis mpyrobe-
ventus agat, ludo volitans cum turma superbo li. de, mZlavri qari nu gariyavs Sens
xomalds Tavzardamcem napirebTan maSin,
pulvereis exsultat equis ululataque tellus
roca amazonTa mqrolavi gundi amayad
intremit et pugnas mota pater incitet hasta. iqcevs Tavs mtvrian cxenebze jiriTiT,
non ita sit metuenda tibi saevissima quamquam roca miwa maTi SeZaxilebiT krTeba da
mama maxvilis rxeviT brZolas aRazevebs.
gens Chalybum, duris patiens cui cultus in arvis nu SegaSinebs metad mrisxane tomi xali-
et tonat adflicta semper domus ignea massa. bTa, isini xom Znelad dasamuSavebel mi-
ndvrebSi did jafas sweven da moelvare
inde omnem innumeri reges per litoris oram, sacxovrisebidan maradJams rkinis wrTo-
hospitii quis nulla fides, sed limite recto bis guguni ismis. maT Semdeg mTel sana-
piros gayolebaze uTvalavi mefe sax-
puppis et aequali transcurrat carbasus aura:
lobs, romelTac ar ician stumarmas-
sic demum rapidi venies ad Phasidis amnem. pinZloba, ase rom pirdapir eWiros gezi
xomalds da zomierma qarma dahberos
castra ibi iam Scythiae fraternaque surgit Erinys.
ialqnebs: ase, bolos da bolos, miaRwev
ipse truces illic Colchos hostemque iuvabis mSfoTvare mdinares, fasiss. iq dgas ukve
auxiliis. nec plura equidem discrimina cerno. skviTTa laSqari da aRzevebula Zmebs
Soris erinia. iq mrisxane kolxebsa da
fors etiam optatam dabitur contingere pellem. mters gverdSi daudgebi. sxva safrxes na-
sed te non animis nec solis viribus aequum mdvilad veRar Sevicnob. mogecema SemT-
xveva, rom Seni sasurveli sawmisi moipo-
credere: saepe acri potior prudentia dextra. vo. magram nu ggonia, rom mxolod sima-
quam tulerit deus, arripe opem. iamque ultima nobis mace da Zala geyofa: xSirad Wkuas meti
ZaluZs, vidre marjve xels. CaeWide Rme-
promere fata nefas. Silebo prior' . . . .
rTisgan movlenil daxmarebas. amaze me-
tis xvedris cxadyofis neba aRar gvaqvs.
upriania gavCumde . . ."
IV, 711-732 IV, 711-732
maSin gancvifrdnen nakadebi, saukuneebis
Tum freta, quae longis fuerant impervia saeclis,
ganmavlobaSi gauvlelni, uecrad gamoCe-
ad subitam stup<uer>e ratem Pontique iacentis nili xomaldis gamo, aRmoCenilia ukide-
omne solum regesque patent gentesque repostae. gano pontusis mTeli sivrce, mefeni da
Soreuli tomebi. tireniis da egeosis
non alibi effusis cesserunt longius undis zRvebi wylis raoden uxv morevs atri-
litora, non, tantas quamvis Tyrrhenus et Aegon alebs, da orive sirtusic metad wyal-
uxvia, Tumca mainc arsad sxvagan ase ar
volvat aquas, geminis tot desint Syrtibus undae. swydeba napirebs maRla azvirTuli tal-
nam super huc vastos tellus quoque congerit amnes; Rebi; vinaidan aq miwac mraval mdinares
uyris Tavs; aRar movixsenieb wyalTa im
247
non septemgemini memorem quas exitus Histri, siuxves, Svidnakadiani istrosis SesarTa-
vebi rom warmoqmnian: tanaiss, yviTel
quas Tanais flavusque Tyres Hypanisque Novasque
tiress, hipanissa da novass, da im farTo
addat opes quantosque sinus Maeotia laxent yures, sadac meotisis wylebi iRvreba;
aequora. flumineo sic agmine fregit amari ase dasZlia nakadTa mdinarebiT mari-
lis simlaSe, aq pontusi gzas uTmobs
vim salis hinc Boreae cedens glaciantibus auris boreasis gamyinav qarebs da siciveSi
Pontus et exorta facilis concrescere bruma. advilad iyineba; da sulerTia, daTvis
Tanavarskvlavedis gamyinvareba mouswr-
utque vel immotos Ursae rigor invehit amnes ebs umoZrao mdinareebs Tu siRrmidan
vel freta versa vadis, hiemem sic unda per omnem aboboqrebul zRvas, an mTeli zamTris
manZilze talRebis zedapiri sarkesavi-
aut campo iacet aut tumido riget ardua fluctu,
Taa mosworebuli an frialo kldesaviT
atque hac Europam curvis anfractibus urget, azidul zvirTebad iyineba; skviTiuri
mSvildiviT moxrili pontusi erTi mxri-
hac Asiam, Scythicum specie sinuatus in arcum.
dan evropas exeba Tavisi mrude xveule-
illic umbrosae semper stant aequore nubes biT, meoredan ki azias. iq zRvas mudam
et non certa dies, primo nec sole profundum moqufruli Rrublebi adgas, da arc na-
Teli dRe icis, wyvdiads verc mzis pirve-
solvitur aut vernis cum lux aequata tenebris, li sxivebi arRvevs da verc gazafxulis
sed redit extremo tandem in sua litora Tauro. bunioba, aramed mxolod kuros Tanavar-
skvlavedis Casvlisas kvlavac amodis
Tavis napirebze.
V, 120-126 V, 120-126
transit Halys longisque fluens anfractibus Iris . . . miRma rCeba halisi da grZel
xveulebad mimdinare irisi da Termodo-
saevaque Thermodon medio sale murmura volvens,
ni, romelic Tavis mrisxane nakadebs ma-
Gradivo sacer et spoliis ditissimus amnis, riliani zRvis SuagulSic ki xmauriT
donat equos, donat votas cui virgo secures aCuxCuxebs, gradivusisaTvis wminda da
umdidresi nadavliT savse mdinare, ro-
cum redit ingenti per Caspia claustra triumpho melsac axalgazrda qalwuli uZRvnis
Massageten Medumque trahens. est vera propago cxenebs da aRTqmul sabrZolo culebs
miarTmevs, rodesac is didebuli triumf-
sanguinis, est ollis genitor dues . . . iT kaspiis viwrobebiT ukan brundeba,
moaTrevs ra ukan masagetsa da midiels.
WeSmariti STamomavlebi arian isini Rv-
Taebrivi sisxlisa, RmerTisgan warmoSo-
bilni...
V, 140-183 V, 140-183
Nocte sub extrema clausis telluris ab antris Ramis miwuruls miwis Carazuli jurR-
mulebidan ismis xalibTa daucxromeli
pervigil auditur Chalybum labor: arma fatigant
Sroma: TavianT xelsawyoebs Seni macxov-
ruricolae, Gradive, tui; sonat illa creatrix rebelni, gradivuss, dauRalav jafas aye-
prima manus belli, terras crudelis in omnes. neben. mTels dedamiwaze grgvinavs maTi
xeli, sazareli omis pirveli Semoqmedi,
nam prius ignoti quam dura cubilia ferri radgan, vidre isini ucnobi rkinis myar
eruerent ensesque darent, Odia aegra sine armis 145 samadnoebs amoTxridnen da maxvilebs ga-
dmogvcemdnen, ugzo-ukvlod daexeteboda
errabant Iraeque inopes et segnis Erinys. susti, uiaraRo siZulvili, uZluri ri-
inde Genetaei rupem Iovis, hinc Tibarenum sxva da zanti erinisi. Semdeg Camoito-
veben miniebi iupiter geneteusis kldes,
dant virides post terga lacus, ubi deside mitra
Semdeg – tibarenTa mwvane tbebs, sadac
orsuli sakuTar uqnara qmars Tavs ubu-
248
feta ligat partuque virum fovet ipsa soluto. ravs mandiliT da mSobiarobis mere Tvi-
Ton uvlis. Tqvenc, mosinebo, gagaocaT
vos quoque non notae mirati vela carinae, 150
ucnobi xomaldis ialqnebma da Tqvenc,
Mossynoeci, et vos stabulis, Macrones, ab altis makronebo, Tqveni maRali sacxovrisebi-
Byzeresque vagi Philyraeque a nomine dicta dan da Tqvenc, momTabare biZerebo, da
Tqvenc, filiras saxeliT wodebulo na-
litora, quae cornu pepulit Saturnus equino. pirebo, romelnic saturnusma cxenis fl-
Ultimus inde sinus saevumque cubile Promethei oqviT Searyia. aqedan moCans ukiduresi
yure da promeTes SiSismomgvreli sam-
cernitur, in gelidas consurgens Caucasus Arctos. 155 yofeli kavkasusi, romelic yinulovan
ille etiam Alciden Titania fata morantem arqtosTan aRmarTula. am dRes SemTxve-
viT iq alkidic misuliyo, titanis xve-
attulerat tum forte dies iamque aspera nisu
dris Sesaferxeblad da, ai, ukve mTeli
undique convellens veteris cum strage pruinae Zal-RoniT yoveli mxridan anjRrevs
myar borkilebs Zvel WirxlTan erTad,
vincula prensa manu saxis abduxerat imis
Caavlebs maT xels da kldis Ziridan
arduus et laevo gravior pede. consonat ingens 160 amoglejs maRla aRmarTuli da marcxena
Caucasus et summo pariter cum monte secutae fexs myarad dayrdnobili; da xma gamos-
ca Zlevamosilma kavkasusma, mTis mwver-
incubuere trabes abductaque flumina ponto. valTan erTad xeebma iwyes cvena da
fit fragor, aetherias ceu Iuppiter arduus arces zRvas daSordnen mdinareebi. gaisma xma-
uri, TiTqos maRla wamomarTul iupi-
impulerit imas manus aut Neptunia terras. ters Seeryios eTeris simagreebi an ne-
horruit immensum Ponti latus, horruit omnis 165 ptunusis xels mTeli qvemo samyaro. Tav-
zari daeca pontusis mTel Tvaluwvde-
Armeniae praetentus Hiber penitusque recusso
nel sanapiros, SeZrwunebuliyo yoveli
aequore Cyaneas Minyae timuere relictas. iberi, armeniamde mosaxle, SoriT uzo-
mod aRelvebuli zRvis danaxvaze,
tum gemitu propiore chalybs densusque revulsis
SeSindnen miniebic kianeebis gamo, rom-
rupibus audiri montis labor et grave Titan lebic maT ukve ukan moetovebinaT. maSin
vociferans, fixos scopulis dum vellitur artus. 170 ufro axlodan moismoda foladis JRa-
runi, TiTqos lodebi swydebodes
contra autem ignari (quis enim nunc credat in illis kldeso da gamyinavi gminva titanisa,
montibus Alciden dimissave vota retemptet?) roca tanjvas daiTmendnen kldeze mija-
Wvuli misi sxeulis asoni. magram amaso-
pergere iter socii. tantum mirantur ab alto baSi, ise gaagrZeles Tanamgzavrebma gza,
litora discussa sterni nive ruptaque saxa rom arc icodnen (an vin ifiqrebda rom
alkidi iyo axla am mTebSi an rom kvlav
et simul ingentem moribundae desuper umbram 175
Seecdeboda Seferxebuli aRTqmis aRsru-
alitis atque atris rorantes imbribus auras. lebas). axla maT didebuli zRvidan
akvirvebT, TovliT dafaruli napirebi
Sol propius flammabat aquas extremaque fessis
da kldeTa lodebi saxilavi, amasTanave
coeperat optatos iam lux ostendere Colchos, aocebT uzarmazari Crdili momakvdavi
magnus ubi adversum spumanti Phasis in aequor frinvelisa, romlis sisxlic Sav wvimad
iJRinTeba haerSi. mze ufro axlos ana-
ore ruit. cuncti pariter loca debita noscunt 180 Tebda wyalTan da dRis miwuruls ukve
signaque commemorant emensasque ordine gentes ixiles daqanculebma nanatri kolxebi,
sadac didi fasisi aqafebuli SesarTaviT
dantque ratem fluvio. simul aethere plena corusco pirispir zRvaSi Caedineba. umal Seicno
Pallas et alipedum Iuno iuga sistit equorum. yvelam, maTTvis bedisweriT gansazRv-
ruli adgilebi, moigonebdnen niSnebs,
erTmaneTis miyolebiT gamovlil tomebs
da xomaldiT mdinaris gaswvriv micurav-
249
dnen. amasobaSi ciuri ciagiT mosili pa-
lasi da iuno lagams amosdeben frTos-
an cxenebs.
V, 416-428 V, 416-428
nec minus hinc varia dux laetus imagine templi sardali taZris svadasxva gamosaxule-
biT aranaklebad aRfTovanebuli mzeras
ad geminas fert ora fores cunabula gentis
miapyrobs ormag karibWes. aq xedavs
Colchidos hic ortusque tuens, ut prima Sesostris kolxuri modgmis warmomavlobasa da
intulerit rex bella Getis, ut clade suorum dasabams, Tu rogor daiwyo pirveli
omebi mefe sesostrisma getebis winaaR-
territus hos Thebas patriumque reducat ad amnem, mdeg, xolo Tavisi laSqris marcxiT za-
Phasidis hos imponat agris Colchosque vocari rdacemulma erTi nawili TebeSi, mSobl-
iur mdinaresTan daabruna, sxvebi ki fa-
imperet. Arsinoen illi tepidaeque requirunt sisis mxareSi daasaxla da ganuwesa ko-
otia laeta Phari pinguemque sine imbribus annum lxebi rqmeodaT. erTni daubrundnen ar-
sinoes, Tbil farusze uzrunvel cxovre-
et iam Sarmaticis permutant carbasa bracis.
bas, xelsayrel mSral havas; meoreni ki
barbarus in patriis sectatur montibus Aean ukve scvlian tilos samosels sarmatul
Phasis amore furens. pavidas iacit illa pharetras Sarvlebze. Tavis mSobliur mTebSi eas
misdevs barbarosi fasisi, siyvaruliT
virgineo turbata metu, discursibus et iam gaxelebuli. igi ki, aRelvebuli qal-
deficit ac volucri victam deus alligat unda . . . wulebrivi SiSiT, agdebs aTrTolebul
kaparWebs, sirbiliT qancgawyvetils Za-
la aRar Seswevs da RmerTi imorCilebs
swrafi talRiT...
V, 456-464 V, 456-464
e Sole satus patriis penetralibus infert. ... mzis Svili mamiseul palatebSi SebrZa-
ndeba. gverdiTaa misi Svili absirtusi
filius hunc iuxta primis Absyrtus in annis,
jer kidev mcirewlovani, babuas Rirsi
dignus avo quemque insontem meliora manerent. da Rirsi imisa, rom mas, udanaSaulos
tum gener Albanis Styrus qui advenerat oris, ukeTesi xvedri rgeboda. Semdeg ki misi
sasiZo stirusi, romelic albaniis sa-
distulerant sed bella toros. tum Phrontis et Argus napiroebidan mosuliyo, magram omis ga-
Aeolidae fraterque Melas, quos advena Phrixus mo qorwili gadaedoT. Semdeg frontisi
da argusi, eolidebi da maTi Zma melasi,
progenuit, pariterque levi Cytisorus in hasta. vaJni ucxoeli friqsusisa, da iqve _ ki-
post alii, quos praecipuo Titania tellus tisorusi, Tavis msubuq maxvils dayrd-
nobili. Semdeg ki isini, romelTac tita-
legit honore patres, motique ad proelia reges.
niuri qveyana irCevs gansakuTrebuli pa-
tiviT uxucesebad da aseve sabrZolvel-
ad moxmobili mefeni.
VI, 33-167 VI, 33-167
Hinc age Rhipaeo quos videris orbe furores, axla, muzav, Semaxsene, Tu rogori sisa-
stike naxe aq ripeis miwaze, Tu rogori
Musa, mone, quanto Scythiam molimine Perses
didi ZalisxmeviT mouwodebda persesi
concierit, quis fretus equis per bella virisque. skviTebs, Tu romeli cxenebis da kacTa
verum ego nec numero memorem nec nomine cunctos imedi hqonda omSi. namdvilad ver SevZ-
leb verc ricxvi da verc saxelebi movi-
mille vel ora movens. neque enim plaga gentibus ulla xsenio yvelasi, Tundac aTasi ena mqon-
ditior: aeterno quamquam Maeotia pubes des, radgan ar aris sxva mxare tomebiT
esoden mdidari: miuxedavad imisa, rom
Marte cadat, pingui numquam tamen ubere defit meotiis axalgazrdoba gamudmebiT iRupe-
ba omebSi, mainc ar gadaSenebula STamo-
250
quod geminas Arctos magnumque quod impleat mavloba, romelic orive daTvisa da
didi drakonis Tanavarskvlavedebs So-
Anguem
ris saxlobs. maS, qalRmerTebo, wina-
ergo duces solasque, deae, mihi promite gentes. mZRolTa da mxolod tomTa saxelebi
Miserat ardentes mox ipsa secutus Alanos ganmicxadeT. anavsisma gamoagzavna brZo-
lis wyurviliT anTebuli alanebi da
Heniochosque truces iam pridem infensus Anausis, mrisxane henioxebi, mohyva male Tvi-
pacta quod Albano coniunx Medea tyranno, Tonac, ukve didi xnis win mtrulad gan-
wyobili, radganac albanel mbrZanebels
nescius heu quanti thalamos ascendere monstri Sehpirebodnen medeas sacoled; vai, rom
arserit atque urbes maneat qui terror Achaeas, ar icoda sabralom, Tu rogori urCxu-
lis saqorwino sarecels eswrafoda da
gratior ipse deis orbaque beatior aula.
Tu rogori ubedureba elodaT aqeas qa-
proxima Bisaltae legio ductorque Colaxes, laqebs. TviTon RmerTTaTvis metad sa-
yvareli da ufro svebednieri iqneboda,
sanguis et ipse deum, Scythicis quem Iuppiter oris
Tavis martodSTenil sasaxleSi. yvelaze
progenuit viridem Myracen Tibisenaque iuxta axloa masTan bisaltebis legioni da sa-
ostia, semifero – dignum si credere – captus rdali kolaqsesi. isic RvTaebrivi si-
sxlisaa, iupiters skviTiis sanapirosTan
corpore, nec nymphae geminos exhorruit angues. Causaxavs, mwvane mirakes da tibisenuri
cuncta phalanx insigne Iovis caelataque gestat SesarTavebis maxloblad. igi, Tu es sima-
rTlea, nimfis sxeuliT – naxevrad cxo-
tegmina dispersos trifidis ardoribus ignes; velis, naxevrad qalisa – moxiblula da
nec primus radios, miles Romane, corusci arc misi ori gvelis SeSinebia. mTeli sa-
brZolo mwyobri atarebs iupiteris ni-
fulminis et rutilas scutis diffuderis alas.
Sans, farebis amotvifrul safarvelze,
insuper auratos collo gerit ipse dracones, sam nawilad aalebul cecxls. Sen ar xar
pirveli, romaelo jariskaco, romelic
matris Horae specimen, linguisque adversus utrimque
ganavrcelebs elvis sxivebs da farebi-
congruit et tereti serpens dat vulnere gemmae. sgan areklil qarvisfer ciags. TviT ko-
tertius unanimis veniens cum milibus Auchus laqsess daumatebia mooqrovili drako-
nebi, misi dedis horas niSani da aqeT-
Cimmerias ostentat opes, cui candidus olim iqidan enebiT uerTdeba erTmaneTs ori
crinis inest, natale decus; dat longior aetas gveli da geslaven Tlil qvas. mesamea
avxusi, erTsulovan aTasebs win rom
iam speciem; triplici percurrens tempora nodo mouZRvis, kimeriul Zlevamosilebas. mas
demittit sacro geminas a vertice vittas. ukve didi xania WaRara Tma aqvs, da-
badebidan Tandayolili niSani; mxcovani
Datin Achaemeniae gravior de vulnere pugnae
asakis gamo Tavi gamelotebia, safeT-
misit in arma Daraps, acies quem Martia circum qlebze sammagad ganaskvuli Tavsaburavi
Semouxvevia, RvTaebrivi Txemidan or-
Gangaridum potaque Gerus quos efferat unda
magi sakvreli CamoSvebia. darapsma, ro-
quique lacum cinxere Bycen. non defuit Anxur, melic Zlier itanjeboda aqemenidur
non Radalo cum fratre Sydon, Acesinaque laevo brZolaSi miRebuli Wrilobisagan, dati-
si gamogzavna sabrZolvelad. Mmas Semos-
omine fatidicae ~Phrixus~ movet agmina cervae. jarvia sabrZolod anTebuli gangari-
ipsa comes saetis fulgens et cornibus aureis debi; isinic, visac gerusi Tavisi wylebis
SesmiT agznebs, da isini, romlebic bike-
ante aciem celsi vehitur gestamine conti sis tbis garSemo saxloben. ar gamo-
maesta nec in saevae lucos reditura Dianae. hklebia arc anqsuri, arc sidoni ZmasTan,
radalusTan erTad; bedismauwyebeli fu-
movit et Hylaea supplex cum gente Syenen
riremis avis momaswavebeli niSniT ake-
sinur jarebs mouZRvis friqsusi. maTi
251
impia germani praetentans vulnera Perses. megzuria priala bewviTa da oqros
rqebiT gamosaxuli furiremi, jars win
densior haud usquam nec celsior extulit ullas
mihyveba maRal Wolokze davanebuli. se-
silva trabes fessaeque prius rediere sagittae vdians ar surs kvlav mrisxane dianas
<. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .> WalaSi dabruneba. persesma TxovniT sa-
laSqrod SesZra agreTve hileas tomTan
quin et ab Hyrcanis Titanius expulit antris erTad sienesi, uCvenebda maT Zmis mier
Ciris in arma viros plaustrisque ad proelia cunctas uRvTod miyenebul Wrilobebs. arsad ase
mWidrod da maRla ar aRumarTavs tyes
Coelaletae traxere manus. ibi sutilis illis xeebis kenweroebi, ise rom isrebic umal
est domus et crudo residens sub vellere coniunx cviodnen, vidre xeTa umaRles kenwero-
ebs miaRwevdnen. hirkaniis gamoqvabule-
et puer e primo torquens temone cateias.
bidanac ki aRazeva vaJkacebi sabrZolve-
linquitur abruptus pelago Tyra, linquitur et mons lad titaniusma kirisma. brZolaSi Caabes
kelaletebma yvela Tavisi razmi etlebze
Ambenus et gelidis pollens Ophiusa venenis
amxedrebuli. maT aqvT iqve tyavisgan
degeneresque ruunt Sindi glomerantque paterno Sekerili sacxovrisebi, hyavT coli,
crimine nunc etiam metuentes verbera turmas. romelic daumuSavebeli tyavis karavSi
zis, da vaJic, romelic wamaxul joxebs
hos super aeratam Phalces agit aequore nubem isvris xelnaze Semomjdari. mitovebul
cum fremitu densique levant vexilla Coralli, iqna zRvispira frialo tira, mTa ambenu-
sic da momakvdinebeli SxamebiT uxvi of-
barbaricae quis signa rotae ferrataque dorso iusa. gadagvarebuli sindebic moiCqarian
forma suum truncaeque, Iovis simulacra, columnae. da Tavs uyrian razmebs, maT axlac ki
winaparTa danaSaulis gamo dartymebis
proelia nec rauco curant incendere cornu
eSiniaT. Semdeg falkessac mohyavs
indigenas sed rite duces et prisca suorum zeganze xmaurianad brinjaoTi Sei-
araRebuli meomrebi da mravalricxova-
facta canunt veterumque, viris hortamina, laudes.
ni koralebi TavianT almebs aRmarTaven,
ast ubi Sidonicas inter pedes aequat habenas gamousaxavT maTze barbarosuli borb-
illinc iuratos in se trahit Aea Batarnas, lebi, zurgze – rkinaSi amotvifruli
gareuli taxebi da waWrili svetebi,
quos duce Teutagono crudi mora corticis armat gamosaxuleba iupiterisa. isini brZolas
aequaque nec ferro brevior nec rumpia ligno. xrinwiani sayviriT ki ar aRazeveben, ar-
amed mRerian TavianTi winamZRolebis da
nec procul albentes gemina ferit aclyde parmas TanatomelTa adaTisamebr gardasul sa-
hiberni qui terga Novae gelidumque securi qmeTa Sesaxeb, xotbas asxamen uxucesT. iq
ki, sadac swrafi fexosani, sidonur Rve-
eruit et tota non audit Alazona ripa.
debs uTanabrdeba, iqidan izidavs ea fic-
<. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .> 101a iT Sekrul batarnebs, tevtagonusis wina-
mZRolobiT, SeiaraRebulT nedli qerqis
quosque Taras niveumque ferax Euarchus olorum.
safarveliani farebiT da xmliT, rome-
te quoque venturis, ingens Ariasmene, saeclis lzec Tanabrad iyo ganawilebuli xe da
tradiderim, molem belli lateque ferentem rkina. maxloblad TeTr mrgval farebs
styorcnis ormag xelSubs is, vinc zam-
undique falcatos deserta per aequora currus. TarSi mdinare novas zedapirs najaxiT
insequitur Drangea phalanx claustrisque profusi apobs da mTel sanapiroze aRar esmis
yinulovani alazonis xma. . . . [tarasi
Caspiadae, quis turba canum non segnius acres da TovliviT qaTqaTa gedebiT uxvi eva-
exsilit ad lituos pugnasque capessit eriles. rxusi] ... msurs Seni saxelic momaval sa-
ukuneebs gadavce, didebulo ariasmenuss,
inde etiam par mortis honos tumulisque recepti
omis burjo, romelic yovelgan Sor ma-
nZilze namglebian etlebs udabur zegne-
252
inter avos positusque virum. nam pectora ferro bze daatareb. Semdeg mohyvebian drangeis
sabrZolo wyebani da TavianTi savaneebi-
terribilesque innexa iubas ruit agmine nigro
dan gamosuli kaspiadebi, romelTa ZaR-
latratu<que> cohors quanto sonat horrida Ditis lebis xrova rqis sayviris mkafio xmaze
ianua vel superas Hecates comitatus in auras. swrafad xtis da patronTa brZolaSi mo-
nawileobs. amitom sikvdilis Semdeg maT
ducit ab Hyrcanis vates sacer agmina lucis sakadrisi pativic ergebaT da ikrZale-
Vanus, eum Scythiae iam tertia viderat aetas bian winaparebis da vaJkacTa samarxebs
Soris. ZaRlebis xrova ukve mkerd Seja-
magnanimos Minyas Argoaque vela canentem. vSnulebi da ajagrulebi Sav mwyobrad
illius et dites monitis spondentibus Indi mohqrian sazareli yefiT, rogoric
gaismis disis SiSismomgvrel Sesasvle-
et centumgeminae Lagea novalia Thebes
lTan an hekates amala gamoscems maRla
totaque Rhipaeo Panchaia rapta triumpho. haerSi. aqeT mohyavs jarebi hirkaniis
Walebidan wminda misans vanuss; mas ukve
discolor hastatas effudit Hiberia turmas,
skviTiis mesame Taoba xedavda, Tu ro-
quas Otaces, quas Latris agunt, et raptor amorum gor umReroda mamac miniebsa da argos
Neurus et expertes canentis Iazyges aevi. ialqnebs. misi winaswarmetyveluri gaf-
rTxilebiT mdidarni arian indoelni da
namque ubi iam vires gelidae notusque refutat asbWiani Tebes egvipturi qveyana da mTe-
arcus et inceptus iam lancea temnit eriles li panqaia, ripeis triumfiT dapyro-
bili. mravalferovani iberiidan Subosa-
magnanimis mos ductus avis haud segnia mortis nTa jarebi moedinebian, romelTac sard-
iura pati, dextra sed carae occumbere prolis loben otakesi, latrisi, siyvarulis gam-
tacebeli nevrusi da iazigebi, romelTac
ar uwyian, Tu ra aris WaRara sibere.
ambo animis, ambo miri tam fortibus actis. radgan rodesac Zala uwindeburad aRar
erCiT da Cveuli mSvildi da maxvili
hic et odorato spirantes crine ~Mycael~
ukve Tavis patrons aRar adgeba did-
Cessaeaeque manus et qui tua iugera nondum sulovani winaprebisagan aseTi adaTi
eruis, ignotis insons Arimaspe metallis, mosdgamT, ar daiTminon gangebiT dadge-
nili neli sikvdili, aramed aResrulon
doctus et Auchates patulo vaga vincula gyro Zvirfasi STamomavlis marjveniT, mi-
spargere et extremas laqueis adducere turmas. sTvis micemuli xmliT, lodins bolos
uRebs Svilic da mSobelic, orive
non ego sanguineis gestantem tympana bellis erTsulovnad. orive gasaocaria aseTi
Thyrsaget<en> cinctumque vagis post terga silebo vaJkacuri saqcielis gamo. aq arian aseve
mikeebi, TmaSi keTilsurnelebis mfrqve-
pellibus et nexas viridantem floribus hastas.
velni, da keseelTa razmebi da, arimaspi,
fama ducem Iovis et Cadmi de sanguine Bacchum udananaulo, umecari liTonisa, rome-
lsac jer ar gagiTxria Seni miwebi, da
hac quoque turiferos, felicia regna, Sabaeos,
avxati, daxelovnebuli mfrinavi bagiris
hac Arabas fudisse manu, mox rumperet Hebri Sors wriulad tyorcnaSi, romlis yu-
cum vada Thyrsagetas gelida liquisse sub Arcto. lfi yvelaze ukidures razmsac ki swv-
deba. ar davdumdebi arc Tirsagetze, ro-
illis omnis adhuc veterum tenor et sacer aeris melic sisxlian omebSi timpanons daata-
pulsus et eoae memoratrix tibia pugnae. rebs, zurgze mogdebuli aqvs mofriale
tyavi da xelT upyria yvavilebiT gar-
iungit opes Emeda suas, sua signa secuti Semownuli amwvanebuli maxvili. arse-
Exomatae Torynique et flavi crine Satarchae. bobs Tqmuleba, rom bakxusma, iupiteris
da kadmusis sisxliT naTesavma, am razmis
mellis honor Torynis, ditant sua mulctra Satarchen,
sardlobiT keTilsurnelovani sabeele-
bi, maTi bednieri samefo da arabebic,
253
Exomatas venatus alit nec clarior ullis Semdeg ki, roca hebrusis wyalze gadadi-
oda, miatova Tirsagetebi yinulovan
Arctos equis. abeunt Hypanin fragilemque per undam
CrdiloeTSi. maT axlac ki SemorCenili
tigridis aut saevae profugi cum prole leaenae aqvT winaparTa cxovrebis wesi: spile-
maestaque suspectae mater stupet aggere ripae. nZis sakravze wminda dartymebi da
fleita, mTxrobeli aRmosavluri brZo-
impulit et dubios Phrixei velleris ardor lis Sesaxeb. Tavis saomar Zalas urTavs
Centoras et diros magico terrore Choatras. emoda; TavianT almebs mohyvebian eqso-
matebi, torinebi da qeraTmiani satarxe-
omnibus in superos saevus honor, omnibus artes bi. torinebi Tafls sdeben pativs, sata-
monstrificae, nunc vere novo compescere frondes, rxebi mdidarni arian sawveleliT,
eqsomatebs ki nadiroba asazrdoebs
nunc subitam trepidis Maeotin solvere plaustris.
CrdiloeTSi ar arsebobs maTze ufro
maximus hos inter Stygia venit arte Coastes. gamorCeuli cxenebi. gadaiqroleben hipa-
nisis myife yinuliT dafarul wyalze,
sollicitat nec Martis amor, sed fama Cytaeae
iltvian vefxvis an mrisxane Zu lomis
virginis et paribus spirans Medea venenis. naSierebiT da naRvliani deda SeSdeba
gaudet Averna palus, gaudet iam nocte quieta saeWvo napiris beqobze. friqsusis sa-
wmisis wadilma aRazeva arasaimedo ken-
portitor et tuto veniens Latonia caelo. torebi da grZneulebiT SiSismomgvreli
ibant et geminis aequantes cornibus alas xoaTrebi. isini yvelani uzenaes Zalebs
gaSmagebiT scemen Tayvans, yvela gasa-
Balloniti comitumque celer mutator equorum ocar xelobas flobs: ZaluZT SeaCeron
Moesus et ingentis frenator Sarmata conti. gazafxulis dadgomisas amwvaneba, xan
uecrad daadnon meotisi mtokavi etlebi-
nec tot ab extremo fluctus agit aequore nec sic
saTvis. maT Soris yvelaze aRmatebuli
fratribus adversa Boreas respondet ab unda stigeuri xelovnebiT moemarTeba koas-
tesi. mas aqezebs ara omis siyvaruli, ar-
aut is apud fluvios volucrum canor, aethera quantus
amed saxeli kiteeli qalwulisa, msgavsi
tunc lituum concentus adit lymphataque miscet SxamebiT suldgmuli medeasi. xarobs ave-
milia, quot foliis, quot floribus incipit annus. rnusis Waobi, mSvidi Ramis gamo xarobs
qaroni da latonia, romelic usafrTxo
caze micuravs. movidnen balonitebi, aTa-
nabrebdnen sabrZolo rigebs orive fla-
ngze da mesieli, romelic Tanmxleb cxe-
nebs swrafad icvlis da sarmati, uzarma-
zari Subis mtyorcneli. arc amden nakads
aRazevebs boreasi ukiduresi zRvis napi-
rebidan, arc ase exmianeba Zmebs sapiris-
piro talRis zvirTebidan, arc frinvel-
Ta aseTi xmauri amtydara mdinareebTan,
rogorc iq sayvirTa erTxmovaneba cas
swvdeboda da aRagznebda gondabindul
aTasebs imdens, ramdeni foToli, ramde-
ni yvavilic icis gazafxulze.
VI, 322-342 VI, 322-342
illum ubi congressu subiit Gesander iniquo roca gesanderi uTanasworo brZolaSi
kanTuss SeeCexa, SiSs hgvris aseTi si-
territat his: 'tu qui faciles hominumque putasti
tyvebiT: `Sen, argivelo, romelmac es sa-
has, Argive, domos, alium hic miser aspicis annum cxovrisebi myudrod da adamianurad mii-
altricemque nivem festinaque taedia vitae. Cnie, xedav aq, sabralov, gansxvavebul
JamTa cvlas, masazrdovebel Tovls da
non nos aut levibus componere bracchia remis sicocxlis droul ugulebelyofas. arc
254
novimus aut ventos opus exspectare ferentes: mCate niCbebze xelebis dawyoba gvexerx-
eba, da arc zurgqaris lodini gvWirdeba.
imus equis qua vel medio riget aequore pontus
cxenebs davaqrolebT zRvis gayinul Sua-
vel tumida fremit Hister aqua. nec moenia nobis gulSi an iq, sadac istrusi wyals aCuxCu-
vestra placent: feror Arctois nunc liber in arvis xebs. ar vwyalobT Tqveni qalaqis ked-
lebs: axla Tavisuflad davqrivar Crdi-
cuncta tenens; mecum omnis amor iacturaque plaustri loeTis zegnebze. yvelaferi maqvs da
sola nec hac longum victor potiere rapina. yovelives Tan davatareb; SesaZloa mxo-
lod etli davkargo da am nadavlsac di-
ast epulae quodcumque pecus, quaecumque ferarum. di xniT ver daisakuTreb rogorc gamar-
mitte Asiae, mitte Argolicis mandata colonis, jvebuli. sazrdo ki Cveni aris yovelgva-
ri pirutyvi Tu nadiri gaugzavne aziis,
ne trepident. numquam has hiemes, haec saxa
gaugzavne argolidis mcxovrebT gankar-
relinquam, guleba, rom SiSi nu eqnebaT: arasodes
davtoveb me am yinvebs, am kldeebs, mar-
Martis agros, ubi tam saevo duravimus amne
sis velebs, sadac aseT Smag mdinareSi
progeniem natosque rudes, ubi copia leti Cveni STamomavloba da axalSobilebi
tanta viris. sic in patriis bellare pruinis gamovawrTeT, sadac amdengvaria sikvdi-
li kacTaTvis. mSobliur yinvaSi omic da
praedarique iuvat talemque hanc accipe dextram!' nadavlis mopovebac tkbilia da gamosca-
dixit et Edonis nutritum missile ventis de es marjvenac” – Tqva da gauqana edo-
nuri qarebiT nasazrdoebi oroli. Sig
concitat. it medium per pectus et horrida nexu gulmkerdSi moxvda sasikvdilo rkina da
letifer aera chalybs . . . gaglija mtkiced Sekruli abjari...
VII, 186-192. VII, 186-192.
…volucrem tunc aspicit Irin ... maSin xedavs frTosan iriss da ava-
festinamque iubet monitis parere Diones lebs, saswrafod diones Segonebas da-
morCildes da esonidi ymawvili Sepi-
et iuvenem Aesonium praedicto sistere luco. rebul WalaSi miiyvanos. myisve iswrafa
protinus hinc Iris Minyas, Cytherea petivit irisma miniebTan, kiTerea ki kolx qal-
wulTan gaeSura, iuno mWvreteli kavka-
Colchida, Caucaseis speculatrix Iuno resedit susis kldeebze dabrZanebula, daJinebu-
rupibus attonitos Aeaea in moenia vultus li mzera miupyria eas kedlebisaken, ime-
diTa da SiSiT, ara uwyoda, Tu ra
speque metuque tenens et adhuc ignara futuri. moxdeboda.
VII, 349-370 VII, 349-370
rursus ad Haemonii iuvenis curamque metumque . . . es Tqva man da kvlav miubrundeba
vertitur, hunc solum propter seu vivere gaudens hemoniel ymawvils zrunviTa da SiSiT,
aRsavse sixaruliT, rom igi mxolod mi-
sive mori, quodcumque velit. maiora precatur sTvis icxovrebs an Tavs gaswiravs, rasac
carmina, maiores Hecaten immittere vires igi moisurvebs. hekates sTxovs, rom Zli-
eri jadosnuri Selocvebi, didi Zalebi
nunc sibi, nec notis stabat contenta venenis. aRazevos exla masSi da igi idga iq,
cingitur inde sinus et, qua sibi fida magis vis ukmayofilo misi cnobili SxamebiT. Sem-
deg welze qamars ikravs da iRebs kavka-
nulla, Prometheae florem de sanguine fibrae siur yvavils, promeTes RviZlis sisxli-
Caucaseum promit nutritaque gramina monti, sagan aRmocenebuls, amaze saimedo Zala
mas sxva araferi eguleba. Semdgom bala-
quae sacer ille nives inter tristesque pruinas
xebs, qarTagan nasazrdoebs, romelTac
durat alitque cruor cum viscere vultur adeso wminda sisxli Tovlsa da susxian yinvaSi
tollitur e scopulis et rostro inrorat aperto. awrTobs da kvebavs, roca Zera STanT-
qavs ra Signeuls, myis frialo kldeebi-
255
idem nec longi languescit finibus aevi dan maRla aiWreba da gaRebuli niskar-
tidan namavs maT. am yvavils JamTa cvla
immortale virens, idem stat fulmina contra
ver aWknobs, maradmwvanea, verafers akl-
salvus et in mediis florescunt ignibus herbae. ebs uamindoba, misi foTlebi Sig cecxl-
prima Hecate Stygiis duratam fontibus harpen Sic ki xaroben. pirvelad hekatem moit-
ana stigiis wyaroebSi gamowrTobili na-
intulit et validas scopulis effodit aristas, mgali da gaTiba Zlieri TavTavebi cica-
mox famulae monstrata seges, quae lampade Phoebes bo kldeebze, maleve uCvena samkali mxe-
val qals, romelic febes meaTe lampris
sub decima iuga feta metit saevitque per omnes Suqze nayofier ferdobebs Tibavs da
reliquias saniemque dei. gemit inritus ille mrisxanebs RmerTis narCenebisa da bal-
Ramis gamo. gminavs is amaod, kolxi qa-
Colchidos ora tuens. totos tunc contrahit artus
lis saxis danaxvaze. kldeze mijaWvuls
monte dolor cunctaeque tremunt sub falce catenae. tkivili mTels sxeulSi uvlis da mTeli
jaWvi erTianad zanzarebs namglis moqne-
vaze.
VIII, 202-211 VIII, 202-211
Puppe procul summa vigilis post terga magistri . . . Sors, sruliad maRla kiCoze,
haeserat auratae genibus Medea Minervae fxizeli mesaWis zurgs ukan ganrTxmula
medea mooqrovil minervas muxlebTan da
atque ibi deiecta residens in lumina palla iq mjdomare Tvalebze mosasxamafarebu-
flebat adhuc, quamquam Haemoniis cum regibus iret li, kvlav tiroda, Tumca hemoniel mefe-
ebTan erTad miemgzavreboda, mainc mar-
sola tamen nec coniugii secura futuri. tosuli iyo, arc momavali qorwineba ei-
illam Sarmatici miserantur litora ponti, medeboda. igi ecodebaT sarmatiis zRvis
napirebs, Cauvlis Toantur dianas, mas
illa Thoanteae transit defleta Dianae, rom dastiris, yoveli Waobi, skviTiis
nulla palus, nullus Scythiae non maeret euntem yvela mdinare dardobs gzakval abneul-
ze. hiperboreis Tovlic ki SeiZra misi
amnis. Hyperboreas movit conspecta pruinas
Semyure, vinc sul axlaxan amxela same-
tot modo regna tenens . . . fos flobda.
VIII, 217-219 VIII, 217-219
Insula Sarmaticae Peuce stat nomine nymphae dgas kunZuli pevke, sarmatiis nimfis sa-
xeliT wodebuli, sadac mquxare da ma-
torvus ubi et ripa semper metuendus utraque
radJams SiSismomgvreli istrusi orive
in freta per saevos Hister descendit alumnus . . . napirze daudgromeli nakadebiT zRvaSi
Caedineba...
256
Index nominum
Absyrtus 5.457; 6.171, 517; 8.261, 369 Byzeres 5.152
*Acastus 1.164; -um 1.153, 485; -i 1.709,
6.720; -o 1.695 Caicus: -e 6.688; -o 6.688
Acesinus 6.69 * Calais 3.692, 4.465, 6.557
*Achaemenius 6. 65 Callichorus 5.75
Achaeus 6.46 Campesus 5.593, 6.243
Aea (a) nympha: -an 5. 424 (b) terra: 1. *Canthus 1.166, 451; 7.422 -e 6.317, 346; -um 6.364,
742, 5.51, 6.96 368 bis: -i 3.192; 6.350
Aeaeus: 1.451, 5.277, 547, 620; 6.189; Carambis 5.107
7.119, 191, 281 Caresus 6.192
Aeetes 1.43; 3.495; 5.285, 553, 589, 599; Carmeius 5.582
6.13; 7.640; 8.138; -a 7.89; 8.11, 350. -en Caspius (a) Scytha 6.189, (b) adj. 5.124
2.379; 5.317, 393, 685; -ae 4.14; 6.22; -ae *Castor
5.289, 401 Caucaseus 4.63, 72; 5.253, 381; 7.190, 357, 565
Aeetis 6.481, 7.445, 8.233 Caucasus (a) Colchus 6.641 (b) mons 5.155, 161,
Aeetius 6.267, 542, 691; 7.565; 8.379 518; 6.612; 7.55
Alani -os 6.42, -is 6.656 Celaeneus 3. 406
Alazon -ona 6.101 Centores: -as 6.151
Albanus 3.497; 5.258, 459; 6.44, 194, 8.153 Ceramnus: -i 6.550
(subst.) 6.271 (Styrus) Cessaeus 6.130
Amastrus 6.554 cf. Ciz. 3.145 Chalciope: -en 6.479: -es 7.156
Amazon 5.89 Amazonis: -idum 4.602 Chalybes: -um 4.611, 5.141
Ambenus (mons) 6. 85 (Scytha) 6.251 Choaspes: -en 5.584
Anausis 6.43, 266; -in 6.272 Choatrae: -as 6.151
Ancon 4.600 Cimmerius 6.61 (subst.) -ium (gen. pl.) 3.399
Anguis 6.40 Circaeus 5.327, 6.426, 7.544
Anxur 6.68 Circe 6.445: -e (voc.) 7.217, 347: -en 7.120, 212
Apres -em 6.638 (-en?) Ciris 6.80 (Cyris edd.)
Aquites 6.295 Coastes 6.155 (Choastes?)
*Arabes -as 6.139 Colaxes 6.48, 621, 646
Arctos 6.147; -on 4.210, 5.272; -o 1.419, Colchi 3.698; 4.706; 5.440; 6.190, 241: -i (voc.)
5.317, 6.140; -os 3.359; 5.46, 155; 6.40, 8.264: -os 1.66, 201, 327, 391, 743; 3.82; 4.618;
612 5.178, 283, 420; 6.30. 389, 530, 691; 7. 231; 8.313: -
Arctous 3.499; 5.619; 6.295, 330 orum 6.417: -is 3.6812; 5.451, 633; 6.742; 8. 156,
Argus Phrixi filius 5.460, 6.553 320, 326: -is 5. 50
Ariasmenus 6.387, 394, 423; -e 6.103 Colchis (a) Medea 5.349; 7.181, 389, 584, 596; 8.68,
Arimaspus 6.131 70, 83, 338: -ida 6.468; 7.153, 190, 575; 8.2: -idos
Arines -en 6.638 7.369, 625 (b) terra: -ida 1.52, 5.505, (8.161): -idos
Armenia: -ae 5.166 2.423, 5.202 (c) adi: -idos 5.417: -des 8.142
Armis 6.530 Coralli 6.89
Aron 5.590; 6.524, 536 Cremedon: -onis 6.194
*Arsinoe 5.421 Cyrnus: -e 6.297
Asia: -am 1.542, 554; 2.614; 4.728; 7.43; Cytaeus (a) adj. 6.156, 543, 595, 693 (b) subst. -i
8.396: -ae 4.210: -ae 6.334 6.427: -is 5.466
Auchates 6.132 Cytisorus 5.462
Auchus 6.60; -i 6.619 Cytoros : -on 5.105
Balloniti 6.161 Daraps 6.66, 572

Barisas: -anta 6.557 Datis: -in 6.65
Batarnae: -as 6.96 *Deileon: -onta 5.114
Bisaltae 6.48 Dipsas: -anta 6.192
Byces: -en 6.68 Drangeus 6.106, -ius 6.507
257
* Lacon
Edonus 6.340 *Lageus 6.118
Emoda 6.143 Latagus: -um 5.584, 6.572
Evarchus 6.102 Latris 6.121
Euryale: -en 5.612: -es 6.370 Lexanor: -oris 6.686
* Eurytus 3.99, 471; 6.569: -e 1.439 Lyce: -en 6.374
Exomatae 6.144: -as 6.146, 569
Macrones: 5.151
Gangaridae: -um 6.67 Gargara 2.360, 583 Maeotis 6.565 (nympha): -in 6.38
Gelas: -ae 6.208 Maeotius 4.720, 6.38
Gelonus: -o 7.236: -i 6.512 Massagetes: -en 5.125
Gerus 6.67 Medores 6.211
Gesander 6.303, 322, 365: -rum 6.280, 371 Medus 5.604: -um 5.125
Gessithous: um 6.637 * Melas
Getae 5.603, 6.507: -is 5.418 *Meleager
Geticus 2.204, 232; 5.618; 6.619; 7.645 Menippe 6.377
Menoetius 6.343
Halys flumen 5.112, 120 Moesus adj. 2.360 (b) subst 6.162
Harpe: -en 6.375 Moneses: -en 6.189
Hebrus (a) flumen: -um 7.646: -i 2.515, Monesus: -in 6.651
4.463, 6.139: -o 8.228 (b) Cyzicenus: -o Mossynoeci 5.151
3.149 (c) Scytha: -um 6.618 Mycaei 6.129
Helice 1.18: -en 5.71 Myrace: -en 6.50
Helix 6.570 Myraces 6.690, 717
Helle
Henioche 5.357 * Nestor
Heniochi: -os 6.43 Neurus 6.122
* Hercules Novas 6.100
Hiber 5.166, 559; 6.507, 750, -o 7.235
Hiberia 5.604, 6.120 Ocheus 6.200
Hiberus 2.34, 3.730 Ocreus 6.251
Hister 6.329; 8.219, 256: -ri 4.718, 8.185 Odrussa 5.594
Hora: ae 6.58 * Oebalius
Hylaeus 6.74 Oebasus
Hypanis (a) flumen 4.710 (b) Colchus: -in *Oenides
6.252 Olbus 6.638
Hyperboreus 8.210 Oncheus 6.256
Hyperionides: -e 5.471 Ophiusa 6.85
Hyperionius 2.34 Otaces 6.121
Hypetaon: -ona 6.637 Otaxes 6.529
Hyrcanus 3.494; 6.79, 114, 203
* Panchaia 6.119
Iapetus 4.74: -i 1.564 Phasiades: -en 6.640
*Iason *Parthi 6.891
Iaxartes: -en 5.596 Perseis 7.238
Iazyges 6.122: -as 6.281 Perseius 5.581, 6.495
*Idas Perses 3.493, 502; 5.266, 271, 284; 6.15, 26, 34, 75,
Idasmenus 6.196 725, 741: -e 6.605: -en 5.529, 634, 678; 6.30
*Idmon Peuce (a) nympha: -en 8.256 (b) insula 8.217: -en
Indi 6.117 8.293: -ae 8.376
*Io Peucon 6.564
* Iphis Phaethon (a) Sol 3.213 (b) Solis filius: -onta 5.429
Iron (a) Cyzicenus 3.111 (b) Scytha 6.201 Phalces 6.88: -en 6.244, 554
Issedonius 6.750 Phalerus: -e 1.398: -i 4.654, 6.217
Phasiades 6.640
258
Phrixeus 1.391; 2.585; 5.632; 6.150; 8.75, Sindi 6.86
119, 267 Sinope 5.109: -es 5.108
Phrixus 6. 70 Sol 1.504, 3.401, 4.92: (voc.) 8.350: -is 1.44; 3.730;
Phrontis 5.480 5.224, 581; 6.442, 518; 8.282, 460: -e 5.263, 456,567
*Pollux Soligena: -am 5.317: -ae 5.223
Ponticus 1.800 Strymon: -ona 6.193
Pontus 4.723: -um 2.629: -i 1.716; 4.318, Stygius 1.730, 781; 2.106, 173, 601; 3.398, 446, 450;
561, 590, 712; 5.165 6.155; 7.364; 8.87
Prion 6.619 Styrus 3.497; 5.459; 6.266; 8.299, 329: -e 6.275: -i
Prometheus (a) subst. 5.154 (b) adi. 7.356 8.335
Phasis (a) numen fluminis 5.425 (b) flumen Suetes: -en 6.550
ipsum 1.518, 2.597; 4.545; 5.51, 179: -i Sydon 6.69
5.205, 208: -in 1.43, 87; 2.379; 7.220: -idis Syenes: -en 6.74, 703
1.2, 78; 3.306, 501, 662; 4.616, 706; 5.342,
420, 440; 6.295, 319, 641, 643; 7.564: -ide Tages 6.223
5.299 Talaus 1.358: -um 3.478, 5.366, 6.720: -i 3.471
Tanais 4.719: -i 1.538
Rhadalus 6.69 Taras 6.102
Rambelus 6.529 Tartareus
Rhipeus 2.516; 5.558, 602; 6.33, 119; 7.562 Taulas: -antis 6.221
Rhyndacus (a) flumen: -e 3.35 (b) Scytha: - Taxes 6.252
e 6.220 *Telamon
Rhipeus: -ae 6.558 Teutagonus: -o 6.97
Thermodon 4.601, 5.121
Sabaei: -os 6.138 Thoe: -en 6.375
Sabaeus 6.709 Thydrus: -um 6.639
Sarmata 6.162 Thyrsagetes: -en 6.135: -as 6.140
Sarmaticus 2.176; 5.423; 6.231; 8.207, 217 Tibareni: -um 5.147
Satarches: -en 6.145: -ae 6.144 Tibisenus 6.50
Sauromatae 7.235 Titan (a) Sol 2.37, 57 (b) Prometheus 5.169: -ana
Scythia: -am 1.43, 87; 6.34, 428, 728: -ae 4.79
1.745; 4.617; 5.525; 6.7, 115, 350, 647 bis; Titanis: -ida 7.212
7.424; 8.209 Titanius 4.91, 5.563, 6.79, 7.347 (b) 5.156, 7.449
Scythicus 1.2, 58, 331, 345, 442, 503, 716; Toryni 6.144: -is 6.145
2.379, 574, 595, 648; 3.307, 496, 617, 653; Tyra 6.84: -es 4.719
4.9, 728; 5.224, 325, 516; 6.49, 319; 7.42; Tyres 6.201
8.185
Scythis: -idum 5.342 Vanus 6.115
* Sesostris 5.417 *Venus
* Sestos 1.285: -on 5.201 Voraptus: -e 6.288
Sibotes 6.249
Sidon 6.69 Zacorus: -um 6.554
Sidonicus 6.95 Zetes (a) Argonauta 1.469; 4.465, 466 (b)
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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

klasikuri filologia da siZveleTmcodneoba

kavkasiuri Tematika da kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebi

filologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: sruli profesori rismag gordeziani

3. kolxebis warmomavloba cunabula gentis Colchidos_______________________-117

antikur miTebsa da legendebs Soris Tavisi popularobiT da

12 r. gordeziani, argonavtebi. berZnuli miTebis samyaro, Tbilisi 1999, 136.

13 `pompeiusma mswrafl misdia miTridatess, gaqceuls, kolxebamde, xolo kolxebis

antikur literaturaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs paradigmatuli

1. flakusi da misi winamorbedebi

Tuki davukvirdebiT flakusis mimarTebas ama Tu im avtorTan, romelic

17 U. Keudel, Poetische Vorläufer und Vorbilder in Claudians De consulatu Stilichonis.

24 f. Simani Tavis statiaSi sxva mraval saintereso magaliTsa da paralels

2. flakusi da apolonios rodoseli

SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac ki SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom flakusisaTvis

47 J. Adamietz, op. cit. 111.

48 H.-G. Nesselrath, op. cit. 353-4.

49 Sdr. gv. 162.

50 miuxedavad imisa, rom iasonma icis, SesaZloa, ubedureba mis axloblebs

52 bunebrivia, aq gvaxsendeba cnobili scena `odiseadan~, rodesac odisevsi

56 `aseT imeds ar maZlevdi aiet, maSin, rodesac upirvelesni viRebdiT xelSi

58 poseidonisa da heles siyvarulis motivi hesiodesTanac gvxvdeba.

59 higinusTan 74 monawile moixsenieba (Hyg. fab. XIV).

• dolionebi, kizikusis epizodi

64 Lüthje, op. cit. 94.

epizodebis Sepirispirebisas is arsebiTi aspeqti, rac apoloniossa

3. axali koncefcia – iupiteris samyaros gegma

valeriusma Tavisi poeturi programa lakonurad Camoayaliba `argo-

73 ausa // ausi formis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT Sdr. katulusi 4ff.

vetera `warsuli, adrindeli viTareba~ (5. 531-535):

repetam decreta `ganvaaxleb gadawyvetilebebs~ (5. 536-541):

accelerat ... dies `modis ... dRe~ (5. 542-547):

veniet ... iam `modis ... ukve~ (5. 548-554):

hinc `amieridan~ (5. 555-560):

76 valeriusis iupiteri savsebiT gansxvavdeba vergiliusis iupiterisgan.

77 E. Lüthje, op. cit. 36-38.

79 Val. Flacc. 1. 531ff. 2. 572ff. 5. 677ff. 8. 393ff.

4. epizodTa ganvrcobis zogierTi aspeqti

4.1. iasonis mSoblebis sikvdili

`argonavtikis~ pirveli wignis bolos dawvrilebiT aris gadmoce-

4.2. hesiones ganTavisufleba

`argonavtikis~ meore TavSi argonavtebi kolxidisaken mgzavrobisas

4.3. herkulesis mier promeTes ganTavisufleba

zemoT ganxilul epizodTan paralels gviCvenebs `argonavtikis~

89 G. Manuwald, op. cit., 2004, 159.

ramdenadac argonavtebi kulturis matarebelni arian, maTi kol-

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac

argonavtikis problematikiT dainteresebul mkvlevarTa nawili gar-

98 T. d. papagelisi, argos laTinuri marSrutebi: valerius flakusis

115 I. v. Bredov, Skythen, DNP 11, 644-656.

123 T. yauxCiSvili, berZeni mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, V (Zv. berZ.

128 horruit immensum Ponti latus, horruit omnis

131 `albanebi cxovroben iberebsa da kaspiis zRvas Soris: aRmosavleTiT

saevaque Thermodon medio sale murmura volvens,

138 A. Heeren, 1899, 41.

1. skviTebisa da kolxebis omi

mTavari idea, rac flakusis `argonavtikas~ amTlianebs, aris ara

144 Sdr.: Th. Baier, 1998; P. Schenk, 1999.

149 kentavrebis winaaRmdeg brZolis motivi apoloniosis argonavtebis katalogze

156 Ferenczi, op. cit. 1995, 155.

157 Tanxvedrebi TvalsaCinod aris warmodgenili smolenaarsis mier SemoTavazebul