ENME02

MECANICA II

Unit 4: Textos de Comprensión Lectora, la

Cohesión por Anáforas y Vocabulario
Especializado.

Page 1 | ENME02
Unit 4: Textos de Comprensión Lectora, la
Cohesión por Anáforas y Vocabulario
Especializado.
4.1.-Demuestra comprensión de
los elementos cohesionados
por las anáf oras, a f in de
interpretar los signif icados
de textos especializados.
4.2.- Deduce los puntos
principales de un texto de la
especialidad
en inglés, según la
organización de párraf
os estudiada.
Contents
4.1.1.- Identif ica ref erencias anaf óricas, a f in de relacionar los signif icados
de los elementos que cohesionan el texto.
4.1.2.- Comprende ref erencias anaf óricas, a f in de establecer las relaciones
de signif icados en la lectura de textos especializados
4.2.1.- Identif ica tipos de párraf os, uso de puntuación y graf ía, a f in de ef ec
tuar mapas conceptuales.
4.2.2.- Traduce textos de la especialidad con elementos cohesionados por
anáf oras y léxico especializado, a f in de demostrar comprensión de
su lectura.
Referencias Anafóricas o Mecanismos
Morfosintácticos.
Tipos de Párrafos: Inductivos /
Deductivos. Mapas Conceptuales.
Resumen de Párrafos.
The electrical system of a car
EXERCISE 85 Read the text and label the diagram with the words in bold.

The electrical system of a car

The battery s tores el ectri ci ty. When you turn the ignition key, the el ectri ci ty fl ows from the ba ttery
to the starter motor. Thi s turns the engine. The engi ne dri ves the alternator. Thi s a cts a s a genera tor
a nd produces el ectri ci ty. It a l s o cha rges the ba ttery. The a l terna tor produces a l terna ti ng current
(AC). A rectifier pack cha nges AC to DC (di rect current). Diodes i n the recti fi er pa ck ma ke s ure tha t
output from the a l terna tor fl ows i n one di recti on to the ba ttery. But current ca n’t fl ow from the ba
ttery to the
a l terna tor. El ectri ca l current runs through the cables of the ca r’s el ectri ca l ci rcuit. The current l ea ves
the
ba ttery through the positive terminal. It returns to the ba ttery through the negative terminal.

2 ignition key
3) STARTING MOTOR
4)ENGINE
5) DIODOS
6)RECTIFICADOR PACK
7)ALTERMOTOR
8) DRUMS
9)POSITIVE TERMINAL
EXERCISE 86 Which words in the text do these words refer to?
1 This (line 2) a) starter motor b) ignition key c) battery

2 This (line 2) a) engine b) generator c) alternator

3 It (line 2) a) generator b) electricity c) alternator

4 It (line 6) a) battery b) current c) terminal

The braking system of a car
EXERCISE 87 Read the text. Label the diagrams of brake systems with the words in bold.
ignition key

Most light vehicles have a hydraulic brake operating system. In this system, the disk brakes on the
front wheels and the drum brakes on the rear wheels are operated by a single-line hydraulic
layout. Each of the brakes is supplied with brake fluid from a master cylinder. The pressure of the
fluid in the master cylinder is controlled by the driver by means of the footbrake. There is a brake
fluid reservoir above it which holds an extra supply of brake fluid. When the pedal is depressed,
this forces fluid along the pipes to the four brakes and applies them. Greater pressure on the
footbrake increases the operating pressure in the brakes.

Regulations require that a separate mechanical parking brake (handbrake) must be provided
which operates on at least two wheels of the vehi cle. This holds the vehicle stationary while it is
left unattended. The parking brake can also function as a handbrake if there is a major failure
with the main braking system. Normally, the handbrake operates on the rear drum brakes and is
linked to them via a cable. The handbrake mechanism is operated by a lever, which is held in the
‘on’ position by a ratchet and pawl mechanism.

EXERCISE 88 What do the words in italics refer to?

1 it (l i ne 4) a ) the bra ke fl ui b) the ma s ter cyl i c) the footbra ke

2 which (l i ne 4) d a ) the bra ke fl nder b) the ma s ter c) the bra ke fl ui d res
3 this (l i ne 5) ui dthe bra ke fl ui d
a) cylthe
b) i nder
peda l i s depres s ed ervoi
c) therpeda l
4 them (l i ne 6) a ) the pi pes b) the bra kes c) the opera ti ng pres s
5 which (l i ne 7) a ) Regul a ti b) the pa rki ng bra ke ure c) the vehi cl e
6 This (l i ne 8) ons a ) Regul a b) the mecha ni ca l pa rki ng bra c) two wheel s
7 it (l i ne 8) ati )ons
the ha ndbra ke ke the vehi cl e
b) c) the pa rki ng bra ke
8 them (l i ne 10) a ) the drum bra b) the rea r c) the two wheel
9 which (l i ne 11) kes a ) the ca bl e b) the ha ndbra ke s c) the l ever
Drum brakes and disk brakes
EXERCISE 89 Complete the description of drum brakes and disk brakes with words from
the diagram.

Drum bra kes cons i s t of two shoes _, whi ch a re fi xed to a (2) BOCK-PLATE _, whi ch
(1) is
fi xed to a n (3) AXLE TUBE . (4) TRICTION LININ _a re ri veted to the outer fa ces of ea
ch s hoe. When the bra ke peda l i s opera ted, thi s i ncrea s es the hydra ul i c pres sure i n the (5)
SUPPLY PIPE to the hydra ul i c cylinder a nd forces the two (6) SHOES _ _i nto
conta ct wi th a rota ti ng (7)
DRUM _ _, whi ch i s fi xed to the wheel hub by the wheel nuts . When the wheel rota tes
freel y, the bra ke drum rota tes wi th i t, but the bra ke s hoes do not move. The i nner s urfa ce of the
drum i s ground
s mooth, s o tha t the s hoe l i ni ngs ca n r ub a ga i nst i t. Thi s ca n ca us e overhea ti ng, whi ch reduces
fri cti on, a nd ca n ca us e the drum bra kes to fa de a nd l os e bra ki ng effi ci ency. Drum bra kes a re fi
tted to the rea r wheel s of ma ny vehi cl es .
Di s k bra kes cons i s t of a n expos ed di s , whi ch i s bol ted to the wheel hub a nd whi ch
(8) k
rota tes between two (9) FRICTION LINING __. When the bra ke peda l i s opera ted, thi s i
ncrea s es the
hydra ul i c pres s ure i n the (10) PISTONS __a nd forces the two (11) FRICTION POOL
_ _ i nto conta ct wi th the rota ti ng bra ke (12) DISK_ _ _ __. An (13)
INTERLONECTING PIDE _ _ _ens ures tha t the two (14) PISTONS
_ _ _ __force the fri cti on pa ds onto the rota ti ng di s k a t the s a me ti me. Fri cti on between
the pa ds a nd the di s ks s l ows the rota ti on of the di s k. The s urfa ce of the di s k i s expos ed to the a i
r , whi ch cool s the di s k whi l e the ca r i s movi ng. Di s k bra kes a re fi tted to the front wheel s of mos t
vehi cl es , a s mos t of the bra ki ng power i s requi red there.

EXERCISE 90 Answer the questions about the texts above.

1 In whi ch type of bra ke does a fri cti on pa d rub a ga i ns t a di s k? A disk brake

2 In whi ch type of bra ke does a s hoe rub a ga i ns t a drum?_ A DRUM BRAKE _ _ _ _

__
3 Does pa s s i ng a i r cool a drum bra ke or a di s k bra ke better?_ _A DISK BROKE _ _ _
_ __
4 Whi ch wheel of a vehi cl e us ua l l y ha ve di s k bra kes ?_ A ligth vehicle _ _ _ _
_ _
5 Whi ch wheel s of a vehi cl e s ometi mes ha ve drum bra kes ?_ a rear whells _ _ _ _
_ _
6 When i s the pres s ure i n a hydra ul i c bra ke s ys tem i ncrea s ed?_ when the pedal is
depressed _ _ _ _ _
 Useful expressions used in mechanics:
1. to fade (of an automobile brak e: to lose braking power gradually):

“Overheating can cause the drum brakes to fade and lose breaking efficiency”.

2. is ground smooth: es suave y liso(a)

“The inner surface of the drum is ground smooth, so that the shoe linings can rub agains t it.”

3. are fitted with: están equipados con

are fitted to: están instalados en

“Disk brakes are fitted to the front wheels of most vehicles”

4. is fixed to: es(tá) fijado(a)

“A back- plate, which i s fixed to an axle tube”.

5. Force: forzar, empujar, impulsar.

“An interconnecting pipe ensures that the two pistons force the friction pads onto the rotating disk
at the same time.“