REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA

MINISTERIO DE EDUCACION Y DEPORTE

UNIDAD EDUCATIVA. ³PROCER FRANCISCO
DE MIRANDA´
CAGUA EDO ARAGUA

EMBARAZO PRECOZ

Tutor(a) Autor(as)
Prof. Alicia Ramos Garcia Lisedy
Espiritto Emily
Semestre 4to

Julio 2010

c
c
 INDICE

c c c c c c c c c cc
c

c c

c c
c c
 

c c
  
ccc 
c c
 cc !"c c

"# c!c $c

"# %c% &'( &%c $c

)*% ( && +c ,-c
  
cc
c 

c ,.c
&%c ,.c
%%c +! &%c ,/c
"!0c ,/c
 %cc"!0c !&0c ,c
% !& %c % &%& %c !c c *c c %c ..c
"!0%cc%&%c
% &%c % &%& %cc"!0cc%c%&%c .1c
!& +c /,c
%%c%c //c
  
cc
c



c /$c
 cc% & +c /$c
 %2cc% & +c 3-c
"& +c 3,c
*%!c 3,c


c 3/c

4c 33c
5
c 31c

rrc
c
 DEDICATORIA

c 6*!%c &!c*%!c!"#cc % & +cccc "& +c

c !7c % & cc%c %c%&%7c&c c (  c c 8*c
c %c ! %c !c !cc"!0c !&07c9c%'c   !cc
! %c ! ! 7c&c&#*cc %c8*c cc !c8*c*cc
!*& !%c *c (+c c %"c *c !%c  c c && +c
 %c c !c !7c *& %c c %& %7c  !  %c c %c %c
#+%7c c !:%c " :c c *c && +c *&;c 
%c   7c c  c
&* ! 7c !c ( &!c& !%c& ! %c%& %c8*c(c
c &  c %<*c 9c %c "!0%c c %c #+%c !c !c !c %c "c
 !  !c c&& +c ;& c %c 8*c c c!% %"  c *& c =(  7c
%!%>c !c %c  %c !%c %c &%! c !"#!c %"!c c
*&& +c c c !% %"  c %<*c 9c c !c c  % % & +c c %c
#+%c %cc&!cc(!  c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

rrrc
c
 AGRADECIMIENTO

c
!&%cc %c  !%c !c!%cc*'c% ! *c !c
!!ccc8*c%c ! %c
c
c !&%cc *%!%c !%c5 !c !!%7cccc !c%!c *%!%c
 9ccc c
c
c !&%c c c 9c !!c !c c %%!'c :& &c !c
%!!!cc !%c!"#c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

r c
c
 República Bolivariana De Venezuela
Ministerio De Educación Y Deporte
Unidad Educativa. ³Prócer Francisco De Miranda´
Cagua Edo Aragua
c
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccAutor(as)
García Lisedy
Espiritto Emily

RESUMEN

c c"!0cc%&7c%c&c0c 
%c(!&*cc '%%cc

%!!7c %c &% !c &c *c !"c ! ! ! c c %*c ?" &7c
% & c c &* %c  !  %7c " c c %*c c ! %c c
!"  @c "#c %c c &!7c !*!%c 9c *c c ! %c c !" A
! c!7c ! cc ( cc '%%cc!&!c*c&cc
!7c %c &%*"!c 8*c c *#!c c %*c ! !c ; #c % c *c
%&c c "!0c c %&c %c *c !*&c c c 'c
%& @c  & c !7c &!& c (& 7c %*! 7c "!07c
!& 7c  & cc%&c "!0c %c c !%c c ; &!%'c
c *c %& c 8*c !c %*%c &  %c %<*%c 9c &c %*c
"!0c %& c c &%& 7c  "!c c !c
 & 7c %c c 9!c  "!c %<*c c %c #+%7c !c c %& c
!&c c*cc%!c!  c ! 0!c9c! !% c(!cc
%c &%&*& %c c  &;c  "!c &;&!c c &* "  c 9c c
!% %"  c c c %&c  c c %c *%c c !*!%c !c %*c
! c !% %"  c 9c &* "  c c !&;0c %c c !&& +c 
%c
&+Bc %c c *c %  c  8*7c c ( c c c !c 8*c %c !c c *c
!"c
%c!cc&!ccc#c"!07c%c( ccc
%& c9c%*%c % *& %c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c
 INTRODUCCION

c
%c ""%c c !%c%&%c c *c c %c c ! c
c *c8*c *c< ! !cc(!& %c&: %7c !"%cc
%!!7c !!%c 7c &*!7c   % c c !
 % %c &!"!c %%c
 2%c< ! c*&;%c
%c !"%cc&*&%c9c(*&  c
&*c  % * c C9c !"%c ! %c 9c9!c !""  c c
 !& c c !#%c #+%c 8*c %c * !c !*&c c *c "!0c
" cc %7c %c ; #%c c%&%c %c !c !c c %*c  c c *c
;!c c !7c9c%c%c& !c c*c "& +c & c !c
!!c "!0%c c %%c c %*c (**!c %&& c %c *&;&;%c
"!0%c c &%c !""  %cc& *!c%*%c%* %c" cc
8*c*%c % *& %c*& %c c !c!%cc!c !c!c
c8*c *c (* !c%(!"cc!%c*%c%%c&; &%c8*c
;c "c %c %* %7c !!c *c c !c  !* c c
!!%cc%c#!cc *c!c%c !%c#+%c&!!c*c
c! %cc< ! !c ! %cc% cc!c%! c
c

!c&%&*& cc"!0cc%c !%c%cc! %cc
"!c !c c !7c%c %&%c c :c c %c c %& +c !'%c
=
%cc,.c%%>c%c&*%%c !c%c8*c%c !*&c%%c!!%%c%c
*9c! %cc ! !c*!7c< %c*c%&&  cc%c% %cc
"!07c *c  ( &*c c &* &
!%c c c (  7c *c (c c
% "  %c &+ &%7c %%c < !%%c c !c c ; #c 9c *c
" & cc!& +c&c%c;&;7cc %!cc%c ( &*%7c(cc
&%*%c ! %cc&%#c9cc%*& +c%c *c%!c(&  %c
c!&& +c !% ccc%&cc&*!%cc%*c"!0c *c%!c
%* !c (*!c 8*c *c !c c %* &  c c c c %* &  c

†c
c†c
c
 c c &*c 8*c %c %c c %*c &*%c c *!c c %c c
% *:%cc%c&& %c
c
c "!0c 9c %c !"%c 8*c %c *c !!7c c !c
% c c *c % !& +7c c  % 7c c
 &7c *c %!c
(
& c &% !%c &c D(&!%c%* & +%c & !&*%& %Ec c
% *& +c % &+ &ccc%&c"!0c%c& #c9c ('& cc
c %c&**c %c  ( &*%c ! %c c c%&& Bc %c !"%c
(& %c "%!%c c c !c c &*8* !c "!0Bc %c  ( &*%c
!%%c c (  !%c 8*c !c &% c c "!07c %c 8*c !  c
& !%c !&& %7c !%c c %  c  %7c c !7c c 8* *c
c*c(**!c & !Bcc !*!"& +c !c%c& % %c8*c%c;cc!Bc
%c&'c(& Bc&c
c
!c c %!!c c !%c !"#c %c c %c % * %c
& '*%@c  *c c c !"7c c %c %&! "c c  c c
!"7cc"# c!7c%c"# %c% &'( &%c9cc#*% ( && +7cc
c '*cc!&c+! &7c%c%!!c%c&%7c"%%c+! &%c9c
"%%c%c9c !c? cc '*cc!&c+ &7c%c !%c
c  c c % & +7c c  %2c c c % & +7c c "& +c 9c c
*%!7c%c%%c%c%c%&! "cc& *& +c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

†cc†c
c
 CAPITULO I
EL PROBLEMA

PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA

&*c c F0*c %c ;c &!c c ?!c c

"!0%c !&&%c8*c&*!!c!c%c,-c9c,$c2%7cc8*c%c& 2c
c !"%c c !%%7c (  !%c 9c %& %c c "!0c c c
%&& c%
c%*#cc! %c c%c%*%c
!%c 8*c c  !& c
c c %!!c " + &7c % &+ &7c %& Bc c %c c c ;9c
! !& +c % &+ &7c%& c9c" + &c !c%!c!c
c
%c !"%c c %*c 
%c (!&*c &*!! %c c %c  c %@c
 7c (&& %cc'%c*! ! %c%'%cc"!c9c !c !*!c
9c%*%c; #%cc&!c %c %ccc!7c% *& +c8*c &!cc
! %c c *!c ! c 9c ;9c %* %c 8*c &( !c 8*c c ! c
! c*c&*cc!c%c%&c
c
%c &*%%c 
%c (!&*%c 8*c c *c !% %"  0c c %c
"!0%c !&&%c %
c c (c c &* && +c (& c !c c
?&c (  !7c (c c *&& +c c %*c ! !*& c !c c c
! !c %&*c =c (  >7c c %c % *& %c !% %"%c c c
*&& +c(!7cc (c c % c !%7c(c c < & %c c  c
(**!7c 
%c %c & c %c "#%c & & %c %& A&+ &%c c %c
8*c cc%&c
c
c "!0c c c %&& c %c *c  &c c c  7c  c
8*c %* !c c ! c &*c c c ;c (  0c c !&%c c
&!&  c9c%!!7c*c%
c!% c&( &%c ! %cc%*c7c
%cc;"!c!c%*c  c !%c9cc*!0c& c !cc

†cc†c
c
8*c%c%&! "c! !c%c(!&*c&!!ccc#c"!0c
!"%c % &+ &%c&@c
Acc ; "cc%!!cc%*c ! c  c
Ac%!& +c%&!7cc(!c !cc !c
Ac  & %c !c&%!* !c*c(  c
Ac & c&+ &c9c%& cc%*%c !%c
Ac%!!cc"!0ccc! %c
Ac4cc&&  c !c"! !c&* %cc!& :c& c
c
%c (&!%c & & %c c "!0c c %&%c %c
*&;%7c !cc%c%* c%c&!cc!%cc%@c%& %7c&**!%c9c
% &+ &%7c 8*c *c 0c %c "c %c !%*%7c c 8* c c %*c
!'c ! !c c %7c !c  % * !c c & & c c "!0%c
!&&%c 9Gc &*c %c !%c %"!c 8*c "!#c !c 9c 9*!c c %c
!* c% & cc*#!%c"!0%c

OBJETIVO GENERAL
! !c %c (&!%c %& %7c &**!%c 9c % &+ &%c 8*c
& c c "!0c !&0c c %c %&%c c ,-c c ,$c 2%c 8*c
&%*cc%c %cc*7ccc& *cc*c
c
OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS
Ac ( &!c%c(&!%c%& %c8*c & c c c"!0c !&0c
c%c%&%cc,-cc,$c2%c8*c&%*cc%c %cc*7c
cc& *cc*c
Ac*!!c%c(&!%c&**!%c8*c & ccc"!0c !&0c
c%c%&%cc,-cc,$c2%c8*c&%*cc%c %cc*7c
cc& *cc*c

†cc†c
c
 Ac ! !c %c (&!%c % &+ &%c 8*c & c c "!0c
!&0cc%c%&%cc,-cc,$c2%c8*c&%*cc%c %cc
*7ccc& *cc*c

JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN.

c c &* c c (+c c "!0c c c %&c  c
*c &"!*!c &c 0c 9!c c c %& c c %c !* c c Bc %c
%'% &%cc:! &c c*%!c8*cc,1Hcc%c !%c %c
&!!% cc *#!%c %&%Bc 9c cF0*c%c c *c /Hc c
c c #+%c%&%c &c  c%<*c & 7cc 8*c *c
c % "  c c (!!%c c *c "!0c !&07c 9c 8*c %* %c
*%!c8*cc.1Hcc%&%c8*c  & c%*%c!& %c%<*%c
%c "!0c c %c ! !%c c %%c c %c !
& &7c 8*c c /1Hc c %c
!%c %&%c %c %!%7c c %c &*%c *c -c c I-Hc c %c
"!0%c%cc%%7c !cc8*c%c&%&*& %cc%c !&& c
%c c  c % &A%& %c 9c : &%@c c c % c 8*c c %&c %c
&+ &c 9c %& c   c c !* c (  !Bc 
%c %c c
c c 8*c %
c !c %*c ! c  7c %*(! c *c  &c
% &+ &c c c  & c c 8*c !c %!
c 
c 9c ('% &c %
c c
! %c c %*(! !c *c !c !c :! 7c *!c 7c < 7c !c
!7c *c c c & & c c &%
!%7c  %c !%c 9c
&  && %c *! !%7c% *& +c8*c!cc%ccc !c#7c
% ccc cc*c 2cc 2c8*cc&!c"!'c%!c!& " cc"!0%c
c *c !#c *!c c ('% &7c %& c &c % &+ &7c 9c c !c %c
"!0%cc*c#c8*c !c%*c&!ccc0cc%%c&! ! %c
c
%& %c 8*c c c &* c *c c !&#c c c
& +c"! cc%*c! !*& c%c!'7c9c8*c%c%
c c
c c #c 9c "!0c 9c &c c c %c ;&c c (!c ! c 8*c

†cc†c
c
"!'c %!c *c !0+c c c "!c c 8* c c %*c c &*8* !c *!c
c%c"! cc& +c9c%c !  !c !&0c !c % * !cc
& & c c "!0%c !&&%c &! "*9c %'c c !c *#!%c &c
9!c ! !& +c c %c %c
!%c 9c %c  !'c %!c c ! %c c *c
*c%!c
c
0+c !c c &*c %c % & +c %c & c c ! !c %c
(&!%c %& %7c &**!%c 9c % &+ &%c 8*c & c c "!0c !&0c
cc%&& cc( cc ** 0!c%c%c&%cc&c*cc
%c (&!%c % %c 9c 8*c %c %c c &*c &c %c c
*&& +c c c ! !c  c c & +7c ! !%c !@c  %c c
%*7c !!%cc%*7c !!%c& & %c !cc  %! cc*7c
%!%c =%>c 9c '!%c !  %%c 9c &*%7c !c 8*c * %7c c
&* c &c 8* c c%*7c! &c !& +c c c%*c%<*c 9c
! !*& c c %c c c !* c c %&& c % c c c "& +c c
!c 9c &*c c %c % "c  !c c "!07c &&!c c "!#c
c9c % * !cc  &c8*c%*(!cc#cc!!%c8*c !c%!
c
!c
c
c !*&c c %c % & +c !'c %! !c c  (!%c 8* %c
c!"#cc%*c !c%!!!cc&*8* !c&* ccF0*7c
;& c *%c c !%c *  %&  ! 7c '!%7c %!%7c !  %%7c
&c9c8*c%:c& & %cc%*c%<*c9c! !*& c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

†cc†c
c
 CAPITULO II
MARCO TEORICO

ANTECEDENTES
c
c F0*c 9cc  c * c < %c&%c 8*c %&! "c
*c %c c ! c 
%c c !c %&%c "!0%c 8*c !c
*#!%c*%7c%c(*& %c !c&  && %c"%:! &%cc *#!%c
!c,-cc,$c2%c&* cc%*c9c&*!c*!cc:! &c 7cc
!% &@c
c
:0c9c!
c=,$$,>cccc!%cF0ccc*#!7c
%c%2c c & & c &c 0c 9!c c "!0%c !&&%c c c !* c
:!c!c,-c9c,3c2%c%c%cc! "*9ccc(cc*&& +c%<*c9c
%&&  c%"!cc%<* c;*c"c%&!c8*c*cc%c
(&!%c8*c;c% c%& %c&c c"!0cc%&%c%cc(c
c*&& +c%<*c9cc  & c !ccc&  c%<*7cc&*c!c
&c &%&*& c (!%c c !% % +c %<*7c "!%7c ; #%c c
%%7c (  %c &c %c !c 9c *c ; #Bc 
%c < %c  %c c
!& c !(!c c "!07c !7c  &&  %7c (!%c c
!% % +c%<*c8*c%c& !cc*c !"c !c*%!c%& c
=
@c1>c
c
 c =,$$,>7c c *c !"#c c % & +c c %c %* +c c
 & c9cc! ccc!c#cc%&!%c  *!%c!( !c&c
! & %c&*%%cc"!0cc%&%7cc %"  c(  !7cc
"*%c %<*c 9c c &%7c c !8*'c  !c =,-c 2%>c c (c c
*&& +c %<*c  !*c 9c (!7c c &!& c ;" & c 9c%c  %c
c &* && +c !c &% * c %c (&!%c %c & %c %
c
!%%c c c " c c c &*c %c %!!c %c %&%7c

†cc†c
c
&! "*9c c ! & !c *c &  c %<*c  !c 9c c "!0%c
%*&% %c c c %&7c &"c !%!c c &%c *" & c %"!c c
%<* c c %c  %c c  % +7c & 7c ! c 9c *" && %c =
@c
I>c
c
'!0c=,$$>7c&&*9+cc%*c!"#c!(!cc"!0cc%c
%&%7c 8*c %c *c !(#c !& c c c &! % %c %& c 8*c (!c
*%!%c #+%c c %* +c *c !* c c ,-/c %&%c "!0%c
& ! %c !c %c ,,c 9c %c ,c 2%7c *" &%c c %c %"&  %c
c & +c : &c c  %! c  &*!7c %c !*7c F0*c %c
%&%c"!0%cc"#c c%& &+ &ccc ! c
c "!0c (*c c %c ,c 2%c =>7c c 9!'c c %c &c *c
( & c !c c %!*&& +7c &c %&%%c &&  %c %"!c % &%c
%<*%c 9c  !c  & c c c  c %<*c & 7c &*9c & & +c %c
'c ?7c c %*c 9!'c   c c ?&c (  !c c c
!&'c *c  &c c *!c 8*c c 9!'c c %c %&%c
"!0%c !%c*c % +c&**!c %!% 7c(&  c !cc
 % +7c %c ! %%c !!
( &%7c c & 7c &c c &! % & +c c
c(cc !!%c( & %c%"!c*&& +c%<*7c;c;&;c8*c %%c
%&%c%ccc%*c c! !*& c% c&* !c%*c*&& +c
9c& & c !c(!!%cc*c(**!c
%c !!c=
@c$1>c
c
BASES TEORICAS
EMBARAZO
c
?c 2 c =,$$I>c "!0c %c c :! c 8*c & !c c
! c c %& +c 8*c & !c c ! c c %& +c c & &c
! !*& c ;*cc "!0c & 0c &*c c % !0 c c
*c;"!c(&*cc+*ccc*#!7c9c%c+*c(&*c%c  c

†cc†c
c
cc !cc?!ccc"!0c!c%c%8*%c;!%cc
*c *#!7c *c c %c ! !%c %'%c c "!0c %c c :! c c
! c %!*c
!%c %'%c %@c *c c c %% "  c c %c
%7c&%& 7c*%%7c%% "  cc%c!%7c9!c(!&*& ccc
 && +7c &" %c c ;*!c 9c *c c %7c & !%c *#!%c " :c
< ! c %%c c %*%& %c &%c *%*%7c &c ; 7c !& 7c &7c
%c % *& +c c &7c *c %!c  & c c *c %*( & & c c
; !!c *c !%c *! %c %c c c *:& c %c c "!0c %c
% "c 8*c *%c c %%c %'%c ! 7c !c  !&c !%Bc !c
# 7c%c%%c*cc2c9c%c%&*!&c%c 0%cc
c
c ! !c %c  !&c !* %c c %c % %%c ! %c 9c
& !&*! Bc% *:%c%c%"0%cc%c#%7c!#%7c! 0c9c"&cc%c!%c
%%c%c ;c %!!c c &c 9cc "! +c%c c c(cc *c

 % %c c '8* c  + &c %c *c %"!c c %<c c (7c %'c &c
*%c(!%c&: %c
c
%c ! !%c %%c c "!0c %c %c 
%c &!' &%c !c c  2c
c%!!7c9c8*c*!c%c ! c%c(!cc&!"!7c%c"!0%7c
%c !%c 9c %c +!%c !%c %c !c %c !0+c 8*c *c *#!c
"!0c "!'c !c % & c &* c %c c !c ?c  c c
 && +7c % c %c &%#c !c *c : &c 8*c &0&c %*c %c
" :c"!
c !c%c!9%c5c9cc&%*cc&;c9c"&cc

Signos y síntomas
c
 %c !%* %@c
Uc 4cc%!*& +7c!!cc
Uc " %ccc2cc%c%7c&" %ccc&!7c;9c!c
9c & +ccc!cc

†c c†c
c
 Uc *c c c  && +c = 8* *! >c !c !% +c c ?!c %"!c c
# cc
Uc %c!' &7c; ! & +cc%c +*%c9c%!'%c8*c
 !&cc%c%%c9ccc"7c'c c"7c&cc
Uc  %cc !""  @cc
Uc *ccc& !&*(!& c" cc
Uc *cc2cc?!cc
Uc " cc&*c*! cc
Uc *cc(*#c cc
Uc !*"c" + &cc"!0c %  cc
Uc  %cc&!0@cc
Uc !& & +c9c  %cc%c!* %c&!'&%c(%cc
Uc   %c& %c9c % %cc(cc
Uc c!
( &cc(cc
Uc  & +cc(cc
c
Tipos de embarazo:
c
>c "!0c c "#c ! %c c %c "!0%c &!%7c %c %c
8*c %!!c%c *#!%c&c%c& ! %c!c,$c9c/1c
2%cc7c9c%c*#!%c% c !"%cc%*c
">c "!0ccc! %cc%c"!0%cc&!%7c%c8*c
%!!c *#!%c &c c !c c %c ,c c %* ! !c c %c /1c
2%c " :c &!!% c c %c *#!%c 8*c ;c < ! c
*c 'c! !c
c
Factores que influyen en el nuevo ser:
c
>c (!%c !&%c !c c %& +@c + %7c !&& 7c
& % 7c cc

†c
c†c
c
 ">c (!%c %& %c c "!0@c  "%7c &!  '%7c
(!  %cc
&>c (!%c (&& %%c *!c c "!0@c !*":7c
< %% %7c%'(  %cc
>c (!%c c !% % +c %<*@c %'(  %7c  !*%c c
*( & & c8* ! 7c !*%cc  c;*cc
c
RIESGOS DEL EMBARAZO PRECOZ
c
%c % &%c % * %c %
c %c c !%7c c 9c c  7c
=,$$.>7c%'c&c c!9ccFc7c!%c7ccc9cF%&ccc
=,$>c
c
c "!0c c &*8* !c c %c *c c "  % &%& c
%*c  !c c *c c %c %&%c "!0%c %c
;&;c c & 2c c *c %! c c % *& %c !%%c 8*c *c
!c &!c c %*7c c c c &c c %*c ; #c %c ;&;c *c
!!%7c % c 
%c c c &!c 7c c !c c %
c !c c c
!&& +c c !  7c !c c 8*c c &&c !c c *c % *& +c
%& cc!&;0c
c
%c&%&*& %cc"!0c9cc&! 0c*!c%c ! c%c
!& c &c % &%c c %c c %*c % c " :c % &+ &%7c
%& &+ &%c 9c !
( &%7c 9c %*%c (&%c *c !%c c c #c
!c9c%*c; #7cc !c%&7c%c(  %cc"%c97c%c*7c
cc%& c
c
 %%c" + &%@c
Uc   && %c"%:! &%cc

†c
c†c
c
 Uc ( & c & +c : &c *!c c "!07c < %c c
"!0c9cc !c !*!cc
Uc  cc
Uc % ! !& +c&(  &cc
Uc  %& %c&
 &%c9c 
 &%cc
Uc !c !c9c ('& cc
Uc *!cc
Uc "!%c !&%c9c%*%c&  && %cc
Uc !(!& %c*! %cc
Uc C!! %cc
Uc (&& %cc
Uc *ccc!" ! c ( cc
Uc !*!0cc
Uc #c %cc&!cc
Uc (!%c&: %cc
c
%c !""  %cc8*c*c!c%&cc%%c !"%c
%c 9!%c c %c '%%c c %!!c 8*c c %c %!!%c 9c  &;%c
!""  %c %c 
%c %c !c %c "!%c 8*c !c %c c #!c
& & +c %& c c *c  %c '%c c  c * 7c c "!0c %c c
! & c&*%cc*!c!c%c*#!%cc,1cc,c2%ccc9!'c
c%c '%%c ! &%c9cc! "7cc! c9cc"!c%
c
&% ( &%c !c %c & &c ! !%c &*%%c c *!c !c %c *#!%c c
,1cc,c2%cc
c
c"!0c9cc! c! !%c*c!c !cc%!!cc
c !% cc%c*#!%7cc&*c%c%*cccc%&& 7cc&*c
*c!!c% *& %c!%%c !cc%*ccc%&c9ccc%*c
; #c

†cc†c
c
 !c%c&! ! %c: &%c !c&% !!cc"!0c9cc !cc
%&%c&c cc! %7c%"!ccc%c!%cc,3c2%7c%c
&*!c%c% * %@c
c
c *!& +c c % %c ! !*& c 9c c "& +c c c c
*c c  &c 8*c %c ;c & c c &!&  c c &c c !c
c  %c+%c&!&cc*c& c!c8*cc%*!c9c!8* !c9!c
  c !c &0!c c *!07c c %c 8*c % *c &!& c c 9c
& *c?c% *:%ccc!8*'7c&*c;9c*c%&!& +c
c&!&  ccccc2cc&cc !c%c !cc%c/c
! !%c2%c% *:%ccc!8*'c8*ccc c*c
c
c ;c %2c 8*c ;9c *c & & c 9!c c < 7c  7c
% ! !& +c (c : &7c !c !*!7c ! c !c 9c
! c ! 7c !%& +c 
 &7c !* *!c !*!c c
"!%7c; !% +c!! c
c
Factores de riesgo para el niño.

%c !"%c c %*c " :c *c (&!c c %c "":%c c
!%c %&%c %c &  && %c &*9c *c 9!c & & c
c %c "#c c &!c =8*c c %*c 0c *c &*& !c c !"%c
*!+ &%7c !!%7c !%c !"%c c %*7c c &*%c c *!>7c
&  c !*!7c *!c (c 9c ! c ! c !c c  %c
  c %c ;c ! c 8*c *%c c %%c &  && %c c %
c
 !&c!& %c&c c c% c &c *c &* c 9c *c *! & +c
!c &*%cc
c
" :c %c %%c c !"  c %c 
%c %7c %'c &c c
!& c c ! c % c %c 
%c !c 9c &%%7c ;9c 9!c

†cc†c
c
 & & c c !;%  0& %7c !"%c c %!!c 9c c &*&c
C9c9!c! %cc!7c"c('% &c9c& c9c! !&*% %c
cc%!!c % &+A& cc
c
? %c (&!%c c ! %c (&c  c c (**!c c
 27c !c %cc"#c%*%c%& A&+ &c9cc"#c c*&& c
cc!7c%c&*%c#!&c(&%c!%%cc%c !* %c !cc
+  c&!&  c9c%!!c
c
%c !%c%&%cc%c&*!cc& & %cc !!c
(*%c & %7c &+ &%c 9c *&& %7c %'c &c *c " c
%& c&*c !c%*c; #cc
c
" :c %c *c & !c 8*c &c c % *& +c %& &+ &c %c
&c (!"7c c "*c %*c c  2c *c %!c c  !c 9c 8*c %*%c
!%c%&%cc%c&*!cc%*( & c*!%c&c !c
!!c (*%c & %7c &+ &%c 9c *&& %7c %'c &c *c
" c %& c &*c !c %*c %!!c   c c &%&*& 7c
*c%!c8*c%c! %%c%& %c9c % &+ &%c %cc"!0cc
%&%c?c *c%!c9!%c8*c%c" + &%c
c
Factores de riesgo para la adolescente.
c
%c (&%c %& %c !c c ;&;c c !c *c ; #c *!c c
%&& c %c  %c !c c !7c *%c 8*c c "!0c 9c c
&! 0c c  27c   c c %c ! 7c !!* c
 !* %c *&& %c 8*c %c !(#c c c c c "!c
#!%c!"#%7c%! %c
%c%7c&c
c

†cc†c
c
 !c 8*c %* !c c &! 0c c *c  2c *!c c %&& c
(&c c %!!c !%c c %c #+%c " c c %c
< & %c9cc cc%c%&%Bc9cc !
c%* !c& ! c
&c%*c!* cc& 2!%c9c %7c#cc&!&!c&c%*c!* 7c&cc
&*c !c*c  !c(*cc% %(&& +c%& c9c % &+ &c9c*c
c c  9c (& c !c c !c c &( 0c c %'c  %7c c
*% c9cc  c !%cc
c
!c c8*c !!* !c%*%c%* %7cc&*c  c%*%c
% "  %c c &0!c "*%c  %c !(% %c 9c "!%c %c
!%c %&%c  c c ! %c c %*(! !c %#%c &+ &%c 9c
%& %7cc !&!ccc "!07c% c& !c%*c%&! 7cc!c
!  %c %"%c9c !"%ccc&! 0cc%c; #%c
c
C9c *c :! c c *'c 8*c " cc %c #+%cc "*%&!c c
9*c c %c !%c &*c 9c &!'c 8*c  & "c %*c & c c c
 & c %c % *& +c *c !!%c !c *&;%c 2%c 9c c
*%c&%%c (  c
c
c !* c  !c c %c & ?c %*(! c c !&;0c 8*c
&0+c*!cc"!0cc#c!c!& "c% !& 7c & c9c
 %&!  & +cc !cc%*c!* c(  !c9ccc&* c
c
%c !  %c !&&%c c ! !%c c ! c c %c
!& %cc !#c!c%c &c%"%c9c*9c&( & %cc
c !&#c c %c! c c  !& c &c   c % *:%c C9c *c
!c c &%c c %*c %!!c !%c 9c c c !c c %*c *!0c
% &%& c
c

†cc†c
c
 %c %%c &( &%c 9c%  %c c % %(&& +c !c !c
 ( &*c c c %&c !c %* !c %*c !c c !c c
& c *!%c 9c c  c c & & c &%! c  c c
!& c !c !!c c c c 8*c &% c *c  2c 8*2c *c
;"!c!&;0cc"":cc& & +c !c% c%* !cc!% %"  c
& c
c
c &&*% +c %c !c c c %'!c c (!&%c c c
%&c"!0c&cc c%c% &  %%c
c
Factores de riesgo para la familia.
c
%c !%c %&%c 8*c !& "c c  9c c %*%c !%c 9c
& ?c  c&c%7c *c;&!%c&!cc%*c; #c&cc9*c
c %*%c (  %7c !c %c "%!c *c %8*  "! c % &+ &c 9c &+ &c
cc(  c !&!c
c
Factores de riesgo para la comunidad.
c
c !* c c !%c %&%c 9c %*%c ; #%c &% *9c *c
"& +ccc%! & %c9cc9*7c &ccc !*& 7c8*c
! !%c *c &!c !cc %& c %c c *c c  %c &+ &c 9c
%& c%%c(  %c *c&% !c% %& c ?" &c !c!c  c
% *9c *c &!& c "& +c c c ! %c !& c c !%!c
%#*%%c& %c9c % &%& %c

†cc†c
c
Consideraciones psicosociales para el aumento de los embarazos en
adolescentescc
c
c & ! c %<*c ;*c %c ! "c 9c  c c %c
!%c &**!%c 9c %& %c % & c c c %&& 7c * c
&% ( &!cc%c%& %c;*%ccc% * c!@cc
c
a. ± Sociedad Represivaoc cc%<* 7c&% !cc%<c
&c *c
!c  !%c c c &*&c ;*c % !c *c  !*c c
%<* c & 7c & 
c %+c &c ( %c !&! %c %c
 (%& %c c c %<* c %c c %!c (*%c c !7c *% c 9c
&* 7c( 0c9c(cc&% c !!  cc
c
b. ± Sociedad Restrictivaoc  c & c c   !c c %<* 7c
% !c  !c c %c  2%c !c %*c %<c c &%#c c &% c
!!  7c !c c !+c & !c  "!c !%c " & c
!% &cc%<7c% cc
%c&?cc%c%& %ccc*cc

c. ± Sociedad Permisiva:c !c   c c %<* 7c &c

*%c !; " & %c(!%c=c;%<* >c ! c%c!& %c
%<*%c !c %&%c 9c c %<c !!  c %c *c  c %& c
&?cc '%%c%!!%cc

d. ± Sociedad Alentadora:c !cc&*cc%<c%c  !c9c c

!c c ( & 7c &% !c 8*c c  & c !&0c c %!!c c c
%<* c (!&c *c %c *!& +c c   *c c *"!c %c
&"!c &c ! *%c !  %%c 9c &c %!*&& +c %<*c (!c c
% %(&& +c%<*cc%c!c9c;%c%c&*%cc% !& +cc !#c
c %& %c (!&*%c c (! &c &*! 7cc  % c 9c*%c %%c
c &'( &c

†cc†c
c
 %'c %c &% !c 8*c c "!0c c %&%c %c *c (+c
&*%c !c ? %c (&!%7c ! & c c !c % &%& 7c
&*!! cc%c%c%!%c%& %c% c!c%c %%c&!&!'% &%c
c%c%7c !cc8*c  !c%c% * %c&% !& %@cc

1. ± Estratos medio y alto@c c 9!'c c %c %&%c 8*c

8*c"!0c !!* cc%& +c*! cc

2. ± Estratos más bajos:cc< %c9!c!& cc cc

c! c%&7c%c
%c&?c8*cc%*c; #c
c
&!c %c (&!%c ! % %c 9c ! %c c "!0c
c%&%7c ! c&!c%c#+%cc! %c !c%'c<!!cc
!& +c 
%7c %c !0%c 8*c  *%c c *c %&c c
& *!c c "!0c ;%c c &  7c *c %!c %c  %%c 8*c c
!cc"!0!%cc
c
A. ± Factores Predisponentescc

1. ± Menarca Temprana@c!c *!0c! !*& c&*c?c

c#c%c% *& %cc! %cc

2. ± Inicio Precoz De Relaciones Sexuales@c&*c*cc< %cc

*!0c& c&%! c !c  !c*c&*c !& +cc

3. ± Familia Disfuncional@c * !%c c &c &*&%c

! %&*%7c 8*c c c  ( %c c &% c c !&& +c c *c
(  c & 7c &c "*c 
c !%c Jc ; #%c *c *%& c !c
&!& %c(& %c8*cc#cc%"c!%!7c  *%
cc!& %c

†cc†c
c
%<*%c 8*c  c *&;c 
%c c %  c !c !& " !c (&7c 8*c
* c'&*cc!cc

4. ± 9!c !& c c  c c c ! c%&c9c Gc c

%cc

5. ± Bajo Nivel Educativo@c &c % !:%c !c*c ;9c *c

!9&c c  c 8*c ! ! 0c &0!c *c ! c  c *& c 9c
% !c c ! c !c c c *7c %c 
%c !""c 8*c c #7c
?c  c !& %c %<*%7c  c *c !& +c (& c c
"!0cc

6. ± Migraciones Recientes@c &c :! c c '&*c (  !c

&*!!c &c c !%c c %c #+%c c %c & *%c c "*%&c c !"#c 9c
?c&c cc%* %c%* ! !%cc

7. ± Pensamientos Mágico@c ! %cc%c ccc 7c8*c%c

cc&!!c8*cc%c"!0!
c !8*ccc%c

8. ± Fantasías De Esterilidad@c & 0c %*%c !& %c %<*%c

% c &* %c 97c &c c %c "!0c !c &%* 7c %c 8*c %c
%:! %c

9. ± Falta O Distorsión De La Información@c %c &?c 8*c !c

%&%c & !&*c K %Kc &@c %+c %c "!0c % c  c !%7c c
&*c %c %c 
%c !7c c &*c c ;&c &c c %!*& +7c c &*c
c;9c !& +c& 7c&c

10. ± Controversias entre su sistema de valores y el de sus

padres@c &*c c c (  c ;9c *c %!c &%*!c ;& c %c !& %c

†c c†c
c
%<*%c !c %&%7c *&;%c &%c %c #+%c %c  c !c
!"'c 97c c c 07c &c *c (!c c !%c c %'c  %%c 8*c  c
!& %cc  c %c &&  %c
c
11. - Aumento en número de adolescentes@c&0cc 1-Hc c
c "& +c( c
c
12. - Factores socioculturales@c c  & c c &" c c
&%*"!%c! cc*c*c "!c%<*, 8*c%cc !c *cc%c
 (!%c %c%& &+ &%cc

B. ± Factores Determinantescc
1. ± Relaciones Sin Anticoncepción
2. ± Abuso Sexualcc
3. ± Violaciónc

Aspectos psicosociales del embarazo en las adolescentes

a. ± La adolescencia de las adolescentes embarazadas

c ! c %c *c !c c c c *c *c &*!!c c c
! c c 8*c c *#!c c *c % 2!c &*c %c !7c c
!&%c%c !*!"cc (!c!cc
c
%c !%c %&%c !&c c %&!%c %& %c 
%c
% ! %c 97c c %c & !&*%& %c c 8*c %c &!&7c %*c %&& c
 c&!&!'% &%c ! &*!%cc
c
%c;" *c8*c%*c!% %"  %c  ! %cc%c cc
%*c 7c! 0cc%*%c!%c9c ! %cc&  %c ! %cc%*c
7c &(* c %*c !c !c c !* 7c & !
%c &c š


†c
c†c
c
=š7c&*c"!'c%* !c%*c ! c  c%* !cc&(*% +c
c8*c&!& !cc
c
" :7c c %*c ; %! 7c %c &*!c ( *!%c %&* %c
&" %7c 8*c c #!&c *c !c !!c  c c (&  c !7c
! 
%c c c &( 0c 9c %*! c c c%<c  *%7c &*%c &c c
 %c !c" + &c
c
%'7c !c!cc !!cc8*c&!c!cccc"?%8*cc(&7c
%c %c c !& %c &c !#%c 8*c %c !c c !%c &%%7c
% & c c !%c c ,3c 2%7c c "!0c %c c &%&*& c c
š

 š7ccc9!'cc%c&%%c !c%*c !c" + &cc
c
c % !!c %<*c %*c %!c !&0c 9c *9c  !c c%*%c  %c
&!%cc!%c !%%Bc&c%&! c "!Bc% c !9&%c="!%7c
c *%c c   c  "!7c c %* >Bc &c %c (  !%c c  & & +c
%<*c !&0Bc !c% *& +cc%c %7c  & cc*9c&!cc%*%c
!& %c%<*%c&c&; &%c *9c#+%7c&c*9c %&%c&* && +c
!"c 9c !  c c *#c &! !c c !& %c %<*%c % c
!&& +c&!c(!%cc!% % +c%<*c"*%&cc!:%cc
%*%c(%'%7cc!c8*c& %c%*%c&!& %cc

b. ± Actitudes hacia la maternidadcc

c
c"!0ccc%&c%c*c&! % %c8*c%c%"!c  ccc
&! % %c c c %&& c  !c !(*%c &" %c %
 &%c 9c
% &%& %c &c &!c c c   c 9c &*& +c c &( &%c
c!%*%c! !c
c

†c
c†c
c
 !c c %c  ( &7c !c c 8*c c %&c *c
 !c  (!%c & *%c 8*c  !
c c %*c ; %! c !%7c c
&<c(  !c9c%& c !c9!ccc ccc%&& cc
8*c%c&*!cc
c
cc%&& c !7c&c %cc,3c2%7cc  &cc
"!0c %c %*c c c %!!c *"!c c <&!"c %c !%c !c
%c!%cc !Bc%c !&* c
%c !c%*%c&% %c !%%c8*c
c %ccc "!0c&c*c;&;c8*c%c!%(!!
cc !%c
 7c &c *&;%c &%c &*!!7c %c *c "!0c !c "*%c %<*7c c
% *& +c %c &  &c *&;c 
%c c *c *9c   %c c %*c
! c !7c % c *!c !c *c !#c *8*c c < %c !c c
 ( &c c %*c ; #c &c *c %!c   c c %c 9c c %*c %*c
&! 07cc8*c8*cc&!cc%c"*%c
c
c c %&& c  7c !c %c ,3c 9c ,c 2%7c &c 9c  c
%"& c c  c c :!7c c "!0c %c !& c &c c
< !% +c c ! %7c  (%c c c % c 8*c %*c *%!7c
<; " c %*c "c %c c c ' c c




=c %c *9c
&?c 8*c š=
šc c < ! & c &! !c 9c & 7c ;& :c
% !%c %% c c (7c *  0c &c š


 =šc 8*c c
( !c %*c  & c c %c !%c 4!&*c %& c !c c
*(! c9cc !% +c c%c!%cc !c !c" :cc !c
c%*cc; #7c c& *%cc*&* c;& c%*c%*c9ccc
%*c; #cc"*c 9c(  !c9cc 8* cc%*c !
c% 2!c
*c !c !7c % c *9c  !c !c %c c !%& c c *c
& 2!c  c c !c c "":c c "7c %c (!&*c 8*c

c&% *9c!c !#c?c*!cc"!0c
c

†cc†c
c
 c c%&& c!'7c*c c %c ,c2%7c %c(!&*c 8*c c
"!0c %c c c 8*c ("c !c &% !c %*c  c 9c
(! 0!c*c !#c#*7c*&;%cc%7cc  cc!c#cc
&! 0cc; #c !cc!cc c*&;%c & %c
c
c !%*7c c & *c c *c %&c "!0c (!c c c
! c9ccc&! 0cc%*c; #7c%!
c*9c (*& c !cc cc
%*c c !cc8*c!% c97c% c%c!c*c%&c?7c&% !
c
*&;c 9*c c 8* c c %*7c "!c c c %c *c
*c
! %&  ! c *!cc c !&%7c &*%c c%*  c 9c &! 0c
c%*c; #c*!c%*%c ! !%c2%cc cc
c
c. ± El Padre adolescentecc
c
 cc%&c c %
c ! !c !c%!c !7c %c c %!
c
c!+c !c%!c !c% & c !8*7cc c&**!cc8*c%c cc
! c%&7c%c*9c&?c8*cc!+c%c% *cc%*c  c
9c%c%&& %c %cc%!c&! %c9c! %c !c*#!%cc
c
%c <&*% +c c !+c !&c c :c %  c c  % 7c
!%c !c #* & %c %! 0!%c !c !c c %*c(  c c %%c
=K&c8*:cc%cc!K7cK%*!c8*cc%c*9K7c&>c8*c !& !
c
%*c % c% c%c8*c;"'c*%cc
c
c!& " !cc & cc%*c ! 7cc!+c%c(!cc%c%*%c
%c !%%7c%& %c9cc%*%c&!& %7c<&!"
%ccc !c
!* %7c 7c &c &c " :c !c %*c  & c &+ &c 9c
(& c !c 7c "*%&c !"#c !c !c %*c (  7c 9c "c %*%c
%* %7c %!c %*%c !9&%c c !c 0c 9c &(*c %c c
 c &c %c c &!c 07c &0c c   !c %c *!& %c cc

†cc†c
c
%c %c !c c ;&;c c 8*c c %&c "!0c c !8* !c 9c
c %*c & +7c &*c :c %c &*!c *! c !c c &% c c
!&*!& +cc
c
cc&% cc !%c*c  & c(!cc%*c !#c9c
c (  c c :%7c% c 8*c %c % "*#c %*c!7c!% %"  0
cc c
% *& +7c"#c%*c& & ccš
šcc
c
c (!c c &!& %c !c %*c "#c & & & +c c %c c 9c
%&! c *&;%c &%c %*( & c !c &&!c c !"#%c c "*c
& c 9c " c !*!%c c c " c c %!c ššc &c *c
 "!c 
%c =; #>c c %*c (  c ' &7c c %!c !*" &c c %*c ! c
(  c&c; #cJc !c
c
%c% *& +cc (% +c;&c&(*%cc!& +c&c%*c !#7c
!c%*c ! c&(*% +7cc8*cc!c*% c !cc%c8*cc8* c
c %*c "!
c !"#!c &c c !c %&7c % *c %*c
& ! %c &c c % *& +7c c " c % "  c *c % !& +c 8*c c
!0&cš
šcc
c
d. ± Consecuencias de la maternidad ± paternidad adolescentecc
c
c %c &%&*& %c " + &%c !c & & %c %(!"%7c %c
!c %c % &%& %c c c ! c Jc ! c c c %*c
:&ccc cc
c
1. ± Consecuencias para la adolescentecc
%c(!&*cc"cc%c%* %cc&( !!%cc"!0c
c c c c &! !c c ; #7c c 8*c !*&c %*%c (**!%c &;&%c c !!c
"*%c  %c 9c %*%c % "  %c c ! 0& +c !%c c c &*!%!c

†cc†c
c
&!!!%c c %*c && +c " :c c %!
c *9c  ('& c !!c  %c
!%c&c"( & %c%& %cc
c
%c !#%c%&%c%c&!&! 0c !c%!cc!c*!& +c9c

%c %"%7c c 8*c %*c  ( &!%c !c c !%& c c ; #7c 9c 8*c
*&;%c%c(! 0c(!0c !c%c% *& +cc
c
c %!%c %& %c c  c c c !c 8* %  7c c
%&c"!0c%*c%!c"#cc %&!  & +c !c%*c!* cc
!& c %c %&%c 8*c %c !%c  c c !c *c 9!c
?!c c ; #%c &c !%c !:% &%c 
%c &!%7c ! 0c c
&'!&*ccc "!0c
c
2. ± Consecuencias para el hijo de la madre adolescente

c *c 9!c ! %c c "#c %c c &!7c   c c %c
& !&*%& %c c 8*c %c ;9c %!!c c %& +c " :c %c ;c
! !c*c9!c & & ccš= 

šcc
c
c *c 9!c ! %c c %*(! !c "*%c ('% &7c  & c c %*%c
&* %7c %*! & +c 9c !!c c %!!c ('% &c 9c & c *9c
&%c &&c c "( & %c %& %7c % & c !c c &* c c %*c
%*7c !c %*c & & +c c š =
=

šc c !8*c %*%c !%c c
 c!"#c8*c&*c&c%c
c
3. ± Consecuencias para el padre adolescentecc
c
%c(!&*cc%!& +c%&!c !c"%!"!cc& +cc%*c
(  c " :c %c &?c 8*c c !%c !"#%c 9c c !c
!*!& +c 8*c %*%c !%7c % %c c *c %!%%c &*c c %*c c

†cc†c
c
c !7c c c & & c !%!%c & %c 8*c  ( &*c c
#!& & cc*c ! c( 0cc

PREVENCIÓNc
c
!c &*c *%!c &%c &' &c "c &!!c %*c & +c c %c
 %c c  9c c c %&c "!07c &c c %c  %c c
!& +c !c!c%c %cc%*cc7c&cc%*c(  c9cc
c &* Bc &% !%c &%! c %"&!c 8*'c*%c (  & %c
9c&& %c!& %c&cc8*c%c&&c"#cc:! cK !& +K7c
8*c;c% c%"& %c !cc*%cc*%!c !(% +7c9c%c&*%c%!
c
*  0%ccc *c&!!%  cc%c!&& %c
c
c c  c ,Ic c + 0c*c =,$$/>7c & %c c% * @c Kc
& *& +7c !c #*0!c c %*c  !& 7c %c ! c  !c c
&!& +cccc%"!c& +c ! ! ccc%*@c
Kc & +c ! ! c c %*c %c c % %& c % ! c %& 7c
"%c c :%c 9c &'%c !
& &%7c & '( &c (*%c 9c
%& c & "%7c *%c c &&c c %c 9c c *c &%c 8*c c
&* c9cc '%c *c% !!c*!c%c9c&c*cc%c %c
c %*c %!!7c &c % '! *c c*!!% %"  c 9c*! & +c
c & +c ! ! c (!c !c !c c c % %c & c c
%*7c&cc%!!c%& c9c&+ &ccc&* c !%c
c ! !c cc&&cc%c   *%7cc(  c9cc&* c&c
c % %c & c c %*7c c c 
%c &!&c % "c c & +c c
%*cc*!cc!% & c9c!"#c9c&% *9cc ! !ccc*c
!&%cc% %& c% ! Kc
c

†cc†c
c
 !cc  %c *!7c c !& +c ! ! c "@c !& +c 9c
!&& +c c c %*Bc !& +c %&*! @c &*!& +Bc 9c c !& +c
!& ! @c!;"  & +c
c
!c!&;!7c4%c9c)&"%c=,$.>7c!c%c!%c8*c(!c
c%*c&* ! c%
ccc"!!c%c!%c %cc !& +c&cc
"#c c9*!cc %c & %cc & !%c ;& c%*%c!% & %c  %c
(*& %c+  %c
c
%c *!%c & %c "%
%c c c %&! & +c &
% &c 8*c ;&c
L %Mc c c 8*c %c %*c ?" &c 8*c < c &c % *@c Kc %*c
?" &c %c c & & c 9c c !c c ! !c c (!7c c !!c c
 c 9c c !!c c %*c ('% &c 9c c 9c c ( & & c  c
%(*!0%c! 0%ccc&* c;& cc!cc*c c" c
%*"!@c c &!c c %c (&& %c c c &* Bc c *&& +c c
  *c c ! & %c c ;  c !%Bc c ! 0& +c c %! & %c
: &%c 9c c (!!'c !c c  +% &c !&0c 9c c ! c c c
(!7c 9c c %!!c c & %c %& c 8*c %*!c c c
  *ccc&* c*c cc  c&*c !cc&%!& +c
cc%*Kc=L %M7c,$1.>Bc( c%c:! %c% * %@c
c
>c c !& +c ! ! c !c c (c c c %*c 9c c c
!&& +c % &'( &c &!c %c (!%c 9Gc !%!%c
%2!c c %c *#!%c "!0%c %"!c c *! & +c 9c &c "c
&* !%c%c9c%*%c; #%c%c*c# cc(ccc%*cc
c
">c c !& +c %&*! c (&c c !& +c !&0c 9c c
!& +c !
c c %c !&%%c c (!c %2!c c %c
*%*! %c c ;&!%c *c <c c %%c c ( c c "*%&!c
% %
 &c  (%& %c !&&%c c &
&!c c %c

†cc†c
c
 *c ! !c %c ;c c  +% &7c 9!%c %c %c
!""  %cc:< ccc! c !c%!c*c cc
c

&>c c !& +c !& ! c ;&c *%c c c !;"  & +c !c ! !c
9!%c &  && %c 9c !%"&!7c c &c %c % "7c c
(*&  c   c c !c # 7c ! !c *!c %c
&! % %c 8*c %c !*&c &c &%&*& c c %%!%7c
! !& c%c&%#%c9c*'%c&*%cc

BASES LEGALES

c !%c
 % %c!
c*c& cc%c(*%c%c

c c ?" &c  ! c c F0*7c  0c !c c &!c c
c '%c 8*c c %c 
%c 8*c c% *& +c c c ?" &c  ! c c
F0*c=.--->c
c
c c% *& +c c c ?" &c  ! c c F0*c =.--->c c %*c
!'&*c,$c%"&@c
cDc %c ! 0!
ccc !%7c &(!c c ! & c
c !!%  c9c% c %&!  & +c*7cc&c9c#!& & c
!!*& "7c   % "c c !  c c %c !&;%c
;*%c%*c!% c9c!'c%c" ! cc%c+!%cc
!c ?" &c c &(! c &c %c &% *& +7c &c %c
!%c c !&;%c ;*%c %*%&! %c 9c ! ( &%c &c c
! ?" &c9c&c%c9%c8*c%c%!!Ec
c
c
c%c!'&*c%c% &'( &c%c(*& %cc%c&c !c
c %c !&;%c c %c %c !%%c 8*c ;" c c c !! ! c c c
 ?" &c  ! c c F0*7c % * c %c  !&! &%c c %c
!%c c !&;%c ;*%c 9c "#c c c c %c +!%c c !c

†cc†c
c
 ?" &7c %c   &c 8*c c %c "c %!c c &!c c !c !c c
!% c c %c !&;%c &% * %c c c &!c c c c  ?" &c
 ! ccF0*c
c
c c !Ic c c % *& +c c c  ?" &c  ! c c
F0*c=.--->c!0cc% * @c
D%c 2%7c 2%c9c%&%c%c%*#%c %cc!&;c
9c %!
c ! %c !c c  %& +7c +!%c 9c ! "*%c
% &  0%7c %c &*%c !% !
7c ! 0!
c 9c
%!!!
c%c& %cc%c&% *& +c7cc&& +c
c%c!&;%cc 2c9c
%c!%c !& %c8*cc
%c ! c ;9c %*%&! c 9c ! ( &c c ! ?" &c c %7c
c (  c 9c c %& c %*!!7c &c ! ! c "%*7c
!&& +c !7c !cc&*c%c!
cc&*cc%*c !:%c
%* ! !c c %c & % %c 9c && %c 8*c c && !c c
%c !!
c %*c &! !& +c !!% c c & *'c
& c 9c &!!
c *c % %c !&!c & c !c c !&& +c
!c !cc !&& +cc%c 2%7c 2%c9c%&%c
c
c
c%c!'&*c%cccc 2c9cc%&cc& cc%*#%c
%c c !&;7c 
%c c 8*c c %7c c (  c 9c c %& 7c
%*!!
c c !:%c c %c +!%c 9c ! "*%c % &  0%c c !% c 9c
!'c c %c !&;%c &% * %c c c !c c c c  ?" &c
 ! ccF0*c9cc&& +cc%c!&;%cc 2c
c
c c % *& +c c c  ?" &c  ! c c F0*c c %*c
!'&*117c ( &@c
D c !%c  c !&;c c c !&& +c !c !c c
%7cc!:%cc%c+!%cc%*! c& *c!*c
!c c 97c (!c c % *& %c 8*c &% *9c 07c
*!"  cc! %c !cc ! c('% &cc%c !%%7c
%*%c ! %7c c  %(!*c c %*%c !&;%c 9c c &*   c
c%*%c"!%c
c

†c c†c
c
 c %c !'&*c %c % &'( &c c &!& +c c *c 9c % & c 8*c
!*c %c !'%7c !&;%7c "!%7c % &%c 8*c &% *9c ! %7c
0c c c ! c ('% &c c %c !%%7c c %c &%c c %c  2%7c
 2%c9c%&%c%"!ccc%cc"c
c
cc% *& +ccc ?" &c ! cc F0*c=,$$$>7c
c %c %
c c c " & +c c !!c c (  c &c &:*c
(*c c c %& 7c c !!c c ! c 9c %*!!c c c
 27c  2c 9c %&7c % c  %&!  & +c *7c !&& +c !7c
%c %*c && & +c ;%c %*c %!!c c !'&*c Ic c c & c
% *& +c%c%"&@c
%c  2%7c  2%c 9c %&%7c %c %*#%c %c c
!&;%c 9c %!
c ! %c !c c  %& +7c +!%c 9c
! "*%c % &  0%7c %c &*%c !% !
7c ! 0!
c 9c
%!!!
c%c& %cc:%c% *& +7cc&& +c
%"!c%c!&;%cc 2c9c
%c!%c!& %c8*c
c%c! c%*%&! c9c! ( &c !cc ?" &c ! c
c F0*c c %7c %c (  %c 9c c %& c %*!7c
&c ! ! c "%*7c !&& +c !7c !c c &*c %c
!
c c &*c %*c !:%c %* ! !c c %c & % %c 9c
&& %c 8*c %c && !c c %c !!
c %*c
&! !& +c !!% ccc& *'c& c9c*cc!&!c
& c  !  !
c %c ' &%c !c c !&& +c !c c %c
 2%7c 2%c9c%&%c
c
c
%c !'&*c %c ! c c c  c & +c %"!c %c
!&;%cc 2c%*%&! c !cF0*7c cc&*cc%c"c
! 0!cc %c  2%c 9c %&%c *c %!!c !cc!:%c c c
!&& +cc%c%c!&;%c9c!'%c8*c  8*cc !:%c%* ! !7c
" c !c c &*c 
%7c !%c !%c 9c & %c %*%&! %c
& ccc %c!c:%c!'&*c8*cc%c%c!% %"cc
! 0!c%c!&;%ccc(  c9c%& cc!c

†c
c†c
c
 cc9c
!
 &c !cc !&& +cc 2c9cc%&7ccc
!'&*c3c ( &@c
Dc %c  c c " & +c & "c c !c %c %c
 %c  %! %7c % %c9c#* & %c9cc&*8* !c
!c 'c 8*c %c &%! %c 9c  ! %c !c %*!!c 8*c
%c %c  2%c 9c %&%c  %(!*c c 9c (& c
c%*%c!&;%c9c!'%Ec
c
c
%c c %c "#c %c (&*%c   %c !c c % *& +c c c
 ?" &c  ! c c F0*7c c &*c  c c " & +c c !c
 %c  %! %7c % %c9c#* & %c8*c%c&%! %c!c
!c %*!!c 8*c %c  2%7c  2%c 9c %&%c  %(!*c c %*%c
!&;%c9c!'%c
c
c%c9c%c%"&ccc!'&*c/.cc!% %"  cc%7c
c c (  c 9c c c %& c c !c c c !  !c 8*c c c %c
 %c%c!&;%cc%c 2%=%>c9c%&%7c%'c&cc(!&!c
& +c !ccc8*c8*cc&% c
D %c %c  2%c 9c %&%c  c !&;c c c ! c
!%c %c !&;c & !c c ! c ('% &7c %'8* &c
9c!c

!!(c ! !@c %c  2%c 9c %&%c c *c %!c
% %c c!*!%7c  c !%c %c c!%c &!*%7c ;*%c
c!%c

!!(c %*@c c %7c c (  c 9c c %& c "c
!!cc%c%c 2%c9c%&%c&!c&*8* !c(!c
c < & +7c !%7c !*!%7c "*%%c c  & %c 8*c
(&c %*c ! c !%7c c %c "c ! 0!c
!!%c!* %cc% %& c9c& +c !cc%c 2%7c
 2%c 9c %&%c 8*c ;9c %*(! c % %cc%*c ! c
!%c
c
cc!'&*c,.-c%c( c%c ' &%cc !&& +c9c& +cc
 2c c c %c "%!c &c &! c 8*c %c ! %c "#c %c
 !&! &%c9c& cc! %cc% %& 7c&* && +7c !& +7c

†c
c†c
c
&! & +7c !& +7c*& +7c% *c9c( &  7c !&! &%c
8*c "c %* !c c % *& +c  &'c !  c !c  !c *c
( & c c & +c ! ! c c  2%=%>c 9c %&%c c %c c
"7c&c 9cc%7c%"& cc% * @c
c
Dc ' &cc !&& +c9c& +cc 2c9cc%&c%c
c &#*c c ! & %c 9c  !&! &%c c &!
&!c ?" &7c
 &%c !c%c+!%c& %7cc( cc* !c%c&& %c
 !  %cc%*!!c%c!&;%c9c! 0c&%!%cc%c
9c
c
%c ' &c"c( #!c%c! & %c9c !&! &%cc! %c%c
&c % %& 7c &* && +7c !& +7c &! & +7c !& +7c
*& +7c&!7c%'*c9c( &  Ec
c
c c !'&*,.3*c =>c %c % & ( &c 8*c c %c "cc!:%c
c % *& %c (!&!c  %c c !&& +c &c !& +c c c
!;"  & +c 9c !& +7c % & c &*c %c !c c  2%=%>c 9c
%&%c&c&% %c% & %c9c8*c%c'& %cc!%c
Dc !;"  & +c 9c !& +@c !c !c c  2%c 9c
%&%c8*c%c"#cc!*!7c & c*c !% +Bc
c &% %c % & %c %c &c  %& & %c 9c
%* !%Bc %c &%* !%c c %*%& %c &;+ &%7c
%* (& %c c % &!+ &%Bc 0&c c (!%c
(&& %%Bc c "!0c !&0Bc %'c &c !c
 !cc ! & +cc%c% *& +Ecc
c
c
c c !'&*c ,.1%c ( c %c  %c c !&& +c &c
8*%c8*ccc%c !c!cc%c 2%=%>c9c%&%c8*c
%*(!c c  & +c c %c !&;%c ;*%7c %"&c " :c c
!% %"  cc%c !%7c! !%%7cc%& c
D%c  %c c !&& +c %c 8*%c 8*c  c c
*! c & c &*c %c !*&c c !#* & c c *c c
! %c  2%c c %&%c   *c &% !%7c c

†cc†c
c
 0c c  & +c c%*%c !&;%c c !'%7c &c c "#c
c !%!!%cc!% * !%c
c 0c c  & +c c 8*c %c !( !c %c !'&*c *c
! !ccc&& +c*c % +cc
%7c c %& 7c %c ! &*!%7c %c !%7c ! !%%7c
!% %"%c c c c ! c &*&c c  2c c c
%&Ec
c
c
ccc!ccc  &'c!  c%"&ccc
!'&*c.cc%*%c(*& %7c% &'( &ccc*.c9c1c
E8*cc  &'c!  c"c %2!c9c#&*!c %c! %cc
! !cc &*& c9c& !!ccc !&& +cc!%Ec
c 8*c  &c 8*c %c (*& ! %c  & %c #!&!
c %%c (*& %c
 %ccc8*cc%c!8* !c
c

†cc†c
c
 CAPITULO III
MARCO METODOLOGICO

NIVEL DE INVESTIGACIÓN
c
C!
07c4!
0c9c  %c=.--/>c%"&c8*cc&*cc
 cc&&  c8*c%c%c&0!c%c%c  c@c
c
>c % & +c< !! :c%c&% !c&cc ! !c&!& c
& '( &cc*c !"cc*  0c&*c:%c?cc;c% c"!c
c c ;c % c %*( & c %* c 9c %c & & %c < %%c c
%c?c! %c
c
">c % & +c%&!  @cc(&?c&*c%c%c%&! " !7cc%c
%*%c& %c ! & %7c*c! cc
c

&>c % & +c&!!& @c%c8*c cc%* c8*c !% *c !c

c!cc!& +c< %c!c%cc
%c&& %cc! "%c
c
>c% & +c <  & @c %c 8*c 8*c  c !& +c &*%7c c %+c
!% *c %&! " !c c &!&!%cc *c !"7c% c 8*c c &!!c
%c &*%%c c  %c *c !%c c  %2%c < ! %c 9c c
< ! %cc
c

>c % & +c < ! @c c "# c %c &!c c &!!c c
(+c c %* !7c  c c !0 c ; : &A*& c
 c*%!%c! !% %7c %2c< ! c&c%! cc
&!c9c'c&*  c !c 0!c%c%c

†cc†c
c
(>c % & +c ! & @c c c !& !c (+%c c ;&;%c
"%
%c c %c ! !%c 9c :& &%c &*  %c %c &c
!!% +c? cc
 % %c&*%c
c
c % & +c%c*" &cc%c %c<  & c9c%&!  Bc%c
&!c c "*%&!c c !8*:c c *c "!0c !&0c  c c
%"&  c c !& %c &*%c 9c (&c 9c ! !c 8*:c (*& c
 ccc& ! cc%c%&%c
c
DISEÑO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN

C!
07c 4!
0c 9c   %7c .---c < !%c 8*7c &c c ( c c
!&&!c c (!& +c &%! c !c !% !c c %c !*%c c
% & +c=" c%c&*  cc&*  7cc%c & %c& %cc
c%c4'% &%>7cc % !c"c%&& !c*c %2cc % & +c
%c%c!( !ccc!c !
& &c9c !& %c8*cc % !c c !c
&*  !c &c %c "# %c c %*c %* 7c 9c 8*c c  %2c c % & +c
 &c %c %%c c %* !c !c &0!c  &;%c "# %c %c &%! c !c
c8*c ! ccc%&& +cc %2cc % & +c%cc&!%c
%c"# %ccc % & +c
c
c  %2c c c % & +c %c ! 0c "#c c  c c
% & +c&*c !8*c%c!c%cc(*%c&*%c
%&! %c " :c %c &% ( &c &c % & +c c & c 9c 8*c %c
!&&!c%c !&ccc! cc&*!!c%c;&;%7c% c
!!c! "c*c

†c c†c
c
POBLACIÓN
c
?cC!
07c4!
0c9c  %c=.--/>7cc*c "& +c%
c
! c !c%*%c&!&!'% &%c(  ! %c !cc7cc&#*cc
%c8*c %c%c&!&!'% &c%c cpoblaciónccuniversoc
"& +c %c c  c c (+c c %* !7c c %c * %c c
"& +c %c*c &!&!'% &c &?7c c 8*c%c %* c 9c c ! cc
%c%ccc % & +c
c
%c "!0%c c%&%c &% *9c *c "& +c (  7c 9c
8*c %c & !c %c #+%c 8*c %:c "!0%c 9c &*9%c %c
%& c!c%c,-c9c,$c2%c=%?cc! 0& +c * ccc%*>c
c "& +c&&% "cc%c % & +c%c%c%c#+%c8*c&*c
c&%*%cc%c %cc*7ccc& *cc*c

MUESTRA

!c C!
07c 4!
0c 9c   %c =.--/>7c *c *%!c %c *c

&#*cc* %7c*c !& +cc7c8*c! !%cc&*&cc
* !%cc%*c&#*cc*%!7cc*c% c  7cc%c
%c8*c
%7c *c !c cc 8*c%c c * !%c c "& +c 9c 8*c% !c !c
! !%!c *c *c % !c ! 0c c & & %c %& %c *c
< ! 7c *c &*%c c &*8* !c  c c %* 7c !c c "!c
&&*% %c!%c&!&cc*c "& +c! c !cc%* c
c%c!* 7c!
c*c%&!7cc8*c%c&&c&c*%!Oc
c
c%c&%cc*%!c%!
c%&& cc&*!cc*%!cc
!"" '% &c c c  c c &*%c c && c c %&& +c c c
*%!c %!
c ! 0c *c 'c ! c 9c %c %c #+%c 8*c &*c

†c c†c
c
 &;c 'c c &%*c !c c %c  %c c *7c c c & *c c
*c !
c !!c

†c c†c
c
 CONCLUSIONES

c "!0c c %&%c %c *c %! c !"c % &%& c &c
(!&*%c&& %c % c"!cc%c%&%c%c(!&*c
9c&cc!" ! c!c !cc0cccc%& 7c
9c %c ( & %c & & %c :& &%7c ;  : &%c 9c %:  &%c c 8*c %c
! 0cc !%&*& +c c "!0c &c c "c c %c%* %c
!c !c c c %&c 9c (!&*c c %c !c *c c
&  7c !c %&* & +c 9c  ('& c ! %!& +c "!c !c (c
c& & & +cc
c
c "!0c 9c !c c %c %&%c!&&c *cc! %c c
!" ! c !7c (c 9c  c ; #c c !c %&c
 cc! %cc!c9c"7c&c(!&*c&% +cc & +
c! %!& +c9cc!% c%& ccc%&c*cc%*c"!0c9c
!7c%c ('& %c9c;%c !!&* !"c
c
!c c &!c 9c && +c c c %&c "!07c %c
&%! c c !& +c c *c 8* c ! %&  ! 7c &c   c
! & & +cc % &+%c9c!"#!%c%& %7c
%cc*c% & c
& & & +cc8* c% %& ccc!(!cc%c! %%c ! %cc
%c8*c%
c< *%cc%&c%c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

†c c†c
c
 BIBLIOGRAFIA

!!!c7c"! c=,$$>c !"%c%& %cc%&c ccc

&  c c *! &**!c 9c  !'c  & %c !! &%7c &c
!McC c
c.$,A/--c
c
*!!*;%7c !c =,$$3>c (!!'c !c ( c c  !7c c
 & %c!! &c&c!McC c
c
+07c "c =,$$$>c !%!c ; !% c *!c c "!0c  %c
&*"cc"%! & c9c &'c!c.c *" &c*"c
c
!%7c c=,$$.>c"!0ccc%&& c4&!%cc! %%c9c
&cc !& +cF0*c
c
C!
07c 4!
0c 9c   %c =.--/>c 'c c c % & +c
 ! c&c!McC c
c
!97c!%c9cF%&c=,$$>c4&* ccc%&& 7c&*%%7c
! %%c9c & %c*!c:& &c!c3.c%%c %c
c
&;&7c )%:c =,$$$>c  &'c 9c "%! & c ,!c  & +7c
c $/7c
 c !?c

†c c†c
c